幕府

/mu⁵¹ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɔːk̚² fuː³⁵/

/mu⁵¹ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɔːk̚² fuː³⁵/

(historical) office of a commanding officer in ancient China

(historical) shogunate (administration of a shogun)


幕府

[ba̠kɯ̟̊ɸɯ̟]

From Middle Chinese 幕府 (MC mak pjuX). The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.
Originally referred to the tents or encampment of the commanders of a military force in the field. This then extended to refer to the command structure, and then to the form of government under a shōgun.

(historical) the tents or encampment of the commanders of a military force in the field


将軍

ja-noun

将(しょう)軍(ぐん) • (shōgun) ^(←しやうぐん (syaugun)?)

将軍 (canonical)
shōgun (romanization)
syaugun (romanization)
しやうぐん (hiragana historical)

→ Danish: shogun c

→ English: shogun

→ French: shogun m

→ Indonesian: syogun

→ Italian: shogun m

→ Polish: siogun m

→ Portuguese: xogum

/sʲaːᵑ kun/ → /ɕauɡun/ → /ɕɔːɡun/ → /ɕoːɡun/
From Middle Chinese compound 將軍 (MC tsjang kjun). Compare modern Min Nan 將軍／将军 (chiong-kun), Eastern Min 將軍／将军 (ciŏng-gŭng).
The “shogun” sense is originally short for 征夷大将軍 (seii taishōgun, literally “commander in chief of the expeditionary force to expel barbarians”).

*The abbreviations are only used as a typographical convention. They are pronounced the same as their full names.

(military) a commander of troops, especially of an expeditionary or frontline force

(Kawanakajima shogi) A piece in Kawanakajima shōgi

(military) Synonym of 将官 (shōkan): a general officer

(military, historical) a shogun, supreme generalissimo of feudal Japan


天皇

天(てん)皇(のう) • (tennō) ^(←てんわう (ten'wau)?)

天皇 (canonical)
tennō (romanization)
ten'wau (romanization)
てんわう (hiragana historical)

→ English: tenno, Tenno, Tennou

→ English: God Emperor (calque)

→ German: Tenno, Tennou

→ Italian: tenno

/ten wau/ → /tenwɔː/ → /tenːɔː/ → /tenːoː/
From Middle Chinese 天皇 (MC then hwang) with the original sense of “heavenly sovereign”.
The 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound”) pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing from Middle Chinese. The ō reading for 皇 changes to nō as an instance of renjō (連声).

ja-renjō

天皇陛下

Your/His Majesty the Emperor/Her Majesty the Empress (Regnant)

明治天皇

1889, Imperial Diet of Japan, “1, article 1”, in Meiji Constitution:

大日本帝國ハ萬世一系ノ天皇之ヲ統治ス

大日本帝國 だいにっぽんていこく

萬世一系 ばんせいいっけい

Dainipponteikoku wa banseīkkei no tennō no o tōchi su

The Empire of Japan shall be reigned over and governed by a line of Emperors unbroken for ages eternal.

an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan


天皇

/sumeraɡi/ → /suberaɡi/
Shift from sumeragi below, with the nasal /m/ becoming a plosive /b/.
The kanji spelling is from tennō above.

(archaic) a term of address for an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan


天皇

⟨sume₁ro₂ki₁⟩ → */sumʲerəkʲi/ → */sumeraki/ → /sumeraɡi/
Possibly a shift from Old Japanese 天皇 (sume₁ro₂ki₁).
The kanji spelling is from tennō above.

(honorific, archaic) a term of address for an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan


天皇

天皇 (canonical)
sumeragimi (romanization)

From 皇 (sumera-, prefix of praise and respect) + 君 (kimi, “lord, master → sovereign”). The kimi changes to gimi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
The kanji spelling is from tennō above.


天皇

天皇 (canonical)
sumeramikoto (romanization)

From Old Japanese.
From 皇 (sumera-, prefix of praise and respect) + 尊 (mikoto, “Highness”).
The kanji spelling is from tennō above.

始馭天下之天皇


国会

ja-pos

国(こっ)会(かい) • (Kokkai) ^(←こくくわい (kokukwai)?)

国会 (canonical)
Kokkai (romanization)
kokukwai (romanization)
こくくわい (hiragana historical)

ja:国会 (日本)
ja:国会 (曖昧さ回避)

Meronyms: 参議院 (Sangiin), 衆議院 (Shūgiin)

the National Diet (Japan's bicameral legislature)


国会

ja:国会 (日本)
ja:国会 (曖昧さ回避)

the National Assembly (South Korea's unicameral legislature)


国会

ja:国会 (日本)
ja:国会 (曖昧さ回避)

the National Assembly (Vietnam's unicameral legislature)


大臣

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (大臣):
* → Japanese: 大臣(だいじん) (daijin); 大臣(たいしん) (taishin)
* → Vietnamese: đại thần (大臣)

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/

/taːi̯²² sɐn²¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ sɨn¹¹/

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/

/taːi̯²² sɐn²¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ sɨn¹¹/

(for non-monarchies)

minister (of an imperial regime, cabinet, etc.); high-level official (of a monarchy); secretary; chancellor


大臣

(politics, historical) a senior minister or superior in the 太政官 (Daijō-kan, “Great Council of State”), namely the 太政大臣 (daijō-daijin), 左大臣 (sadaijin), 右大臣 (udaijin), and 内大臣 (naidaijin)


閣下

閣下 (canonical)
kakka (romanization)
kakuka (romanization)
かくか (hiragana historical)

(rare, attributive) down a noble's residential tower, looking up


陛下

天皇陛下

皇后陛下

Her Imperial Majesty the Empress (Consort)

天皇皇后両陛下

Their Imperial Majesties the Emperor and Empress (Consort)

女王陛下

勘(かん)違(ちが)いされては困(こま)る 貴(き)様(さま)のためになど戦(たたか)うつもりは毛(もう)頭(とう)ない！わしをつき動(うご)かすのは国王陛下(モルドレッド様)への忠(ちゅう)誠(せい)心(しん)のみ！

2004 May 1, Izawa, Hiroshi with Yamada, Kotaro, “第(だい)28話(わ) 揺(ゆ)れる王(おう)国(こく) [Chapter 28: The Kingdom Shaken]”, in ファイアーエムブレム 覇者の剣 [Fire Emblem: Sword of Champions], volume 7 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, pages 150–151:

Make no mistake, I have no intention of fighting for you! I am doing it only because I swore allegiance to His Majesty!

Kanchigai sarete wa komaru Kisama no tame ni nado tatakau tsumori wa mōtō nai! Washi o tsukiugokasu no wa Kokuō Heika (Morudoreddo-sama) e no chūseishin nomi!

(monarchy) Your Majesty; His Majesty; Her Majesty


皇后

ja-noun

皇(こう)后(ごう) • (kōgō) ^(←くわうごう (kwaugou)?)

皇后 (canonical)
kōgō (romanization)
kwaugou (romanization)
くわうごう (hiragana historical)

中宮: another position translated as empress consort


天皇陛下

ja-pos

天(てん)皇(のう)陛(へい)下(か) • (Tennō Heika) ^(←てんわうへいか (Ten'wau Feika)?)

天皇陛下 (canonical)
Tennō Heika (romanization)
Ten'wau Feika (romanization)
てんわうへいか (hiragana historical)

Compound of 天皇 (tennō, “emperor”) + 陛下 (heika, “majesty”).

compound

天皇陛下がお召し上がりになる食事は、宮中料理人によって作られます。

Tennō Heika ga omeshiagari ni naru shokuji wa, kyūchū ryōrinin ni yotte tsukuraremasu.

The cuisine for His Imperial Majesty is prepared by the palace chef.

His Imperial Majesty
His Imperial Majesty

His Imperial Majesty (form of address to the Emperor of Japan)


参議院

ja-pos

参(さん)議(ぎ)院(いん) • (Sangiin) ^(←さんぎゐん (sangiwin)?)

参議院 (canonical)
Sangiin (romanization)
sangiwin (romanization)
さんぎゐん (hiragana historical)

[sã̠ŋʲɡʲiĩɴ]

参議院議員

a Councillor; a member of the House of Councillors

the House of Councillors (upper house of Japan's National Diet)


衆議院

衆(しゅう)議(ぎ)院(いん) • (Shūgiin) ^(←しゆうぎゐん (syuugiwin)?)

衆議院 (canonical)
Shūgiin (romanization)
syuugiwin (romanization)
しゆうぎゐん (hiragana historical)

Compound of 衆議 (shūgi, “general consultation, general conference”) + 院 (-in, “parliamentary chamber”).

suf

衆議院議員

a Representative; a member of the House of Representatives

House of Representatives
House of Representatives

the House of Representatives (lower house of Japan's National Diet)

議会

deliberation assembly: Diet; Parliament; Congress

国会

national assembly: Diet; Parliament; Congress


日の丸

→ English: Hinomaru

From 日 (hi, “sun”) + の (no, attributive particle) + 丸 (maru, “circle”).

com

(by extension, colloquial) Japan (in general) or the Japanese government


内裏

the inner palace where the emperor resides; it is inside of the greater imperial palace


殿下

ja-noun

殿(でん)下(か) or 殿(てん)下(が) • (denka or tenga)

殿下 (canonical)
殿下 (canonical)
denka (romanization)
tenga (romanization)

皇太子殿下 / 皇嗣殿下

三笠宮殿下

敬宮殿下

Her Imperial Highness the Princess Toshi

秩父宮妃殿下

Her Imperial Highness the Princess (Consort) Chichibu

高松宮両殿下

Their Imperial Highnesses the Prince and Princess (Consort) Takamatsu

エディンバラ公フィリップ王配殿下

His Royal Highness the Prince (Consort) Philip, Duke of Edinburgh

(monarchy) Your Highness; His Highness; Her Highness


国民党

ja-pos

国(こく)民(みん)党(とう) • (Kokumintō) ^(←こくみんたう (kokumintau)?)

国民党 (canonical)
Kokumintō (romanization)
kokumintau (romanization)
こくみんたう (hiragana historical)

(politics) Japan Nation Party. See Wikipedia: Japan Nation Party


道州制

道州制の議論が引き続き行われた。

Dōshūsei no giron ga hikitsuzuki okonawareta.

The discussion of the Wide-Area Administration plan is on-going.

Wide-Area Administration: a proposed plan to merge prefectures to create new local administrative divisions.


関白

ja-noun

関(かん)白(ぱく) • (kanpaku) ^(←くわんぱく (kwanpaku)?)

関(かん)白(ぱく) • (Kanpaku) ^(←くわんぱく (kwanpaku)?)

関白 (canonical)
kanpaku (romanization)
kwanpaku (romanization)
くわんぱく (hiragana historical)
関白 (canonical)
Kanpaku (romanization)
kwanpaku (romanization)
くわんぱく (hiragana historical)

→ Portuguese: Quambacudono

/kʷanbaku/ → /kʷanpaku/ → */kʷampaku/ → /kampaku/
From Middle Chinese 關白 (MC kwaen baek).

(historical) chief advisor to the Emperor


摂政

摂(しょう)政(しょう) • (shōshō) ^(←せふしやう (sefusyau)?)

摂政 (canonical)
shōshō (romanization)
sefusyau (romanization)
せふしやう (hiragana historical)

/sepuɕʲau/ → /seɸuɕʲau/ → /seuɕʲau/ → /ɕʲɔːɕʲɔː/ → /ɕʲoːɕʲoː/
From Middle Chinese compound 攝政／摄政 (syep tsyengᴴ, literally “grasp + government”). Compare modern Mandarin 攝政／摄政 (shèzhèng, “to act as a regent”).
The goon, so likely the reading as first borrowed.

(archaic) the chief advisor to the emperor, similar to a viceroy or vizier


摂政

摂(せっ)政(しょう) • (sesshō) ^(←せつしやう (setusyau)?)

摂政 (canonical)
sesshō (romanization)
setusyau (romanization)
せつしやう (hiragana historical)

Shift in reading of shōshō above, using the kan'yōyomi of setsu for the 摂 character.

a regent: one who rules in the place of a monarch because the monarch is too young, absent, or disabled

regency: the position or station of a regent


皇室

皇(こう)室(しつ) • (kōshitsu) ^(←くゎうしつ (kwausitu)?)

皇室 (canonical)
kōshitsu (romanization)
kwausitu (romanization)
くゎうしつ (hiragana historical)

Japanese imperial family, imperial household


公家

/kuᵑ ke/ → /kuɡe/
From Middle Chinese 公家 (MC kuwng kae). Compare modern Mandarin 公家 (gōngjiā, “the state, the public”).
The meaning in Japanese developed from “great house, great family” to then signify “the imperial family”, then by extension the courtiers, and again the nobility.


親王

ja-noun

親(しん)王(のう) • (shinnō) ^(←しんわう (sin'wau)?)

親王 (canonical)
shinnō (romanization)
sin'wau (romanization)
しんわう (hiragana historical)

From Old Japanese, borrowed from Middle Chinese 親王 (t͡sʰiɪn ɦʉɐŋ), in turn a compound of 親 (“very familiar; very close”) + 王 (“king”, in ancient Japan, this term was also used to refer to an imperial prince), so called because of the closeness to the reigning emperor. The ō reading for 王 changes to nō as an instance of renjō (連声).
First cited in Japanese to a text from 718 CE.

王

ō, specific to the Japanese imperial family, refers to any grandson, great-grandson

a specific rank granted to certain male members of the imperial family:

an East Asian imperial prince who is either brother or son to the reigning emperor

in ancient Japan, any of the emperor's brothers or sons

any of the direct male descendants of the emperor of Japan, down to any imperial great-great-grandchildren

any of the legitimate direct male heirs of the emperor of Japan


国体

→ English: kokutai

1925 April 22, 治安維持法 [Peace Preservation Law]:

Article 1: A person who has formed an association for the purpose of changing the national polity or denying the system of private property, and a person who has knowingly participated in it, shall be punished with imprisonment with or without work for no more than ten years.

第一條 國體ヲ變革シ又ハ私有財產制度ヲ否認スルコトヲ目的トシテ結社ヲ組織シ又ハ情ヲ知リテ之ニ加入シタル者ハ十年以下ノ懲役又ハ禁錮ニ處ス

Dai-ichi-jō Kokutai o henkaku shi mata wa shiyū zaisan seido o hinin suru koto o mokuteki to shite kessha o soshiki shi mata wa jō o shirite kore ni kanyū shitaru mono wa jū-nen ika no chōeki mata wa kinko ni shosu

(politics, philosophy, chiefly historical) kokutai (the national essence and character of Japan viewed as conforming to Shinto-Confucian ideals, with the emperor as its ethical, spiritual, cultural and political center)


天朝

太政

the imperial government of ancient Japan


皇家

an imperial household, family of an emperor


アベノミクス

Blend of 安倍晋三 (“Abe Shinzō”) + エコノミクス (“economics”, from English economics).

blend

from English <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">economics</i>


都議会

東京都議会 w:ja:東京都議会

Clipping of 東京都議会 (Tōkyōto Gikai, “Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly”).


律令

ja-noun

律(りつ)令(りょう) • (ritsuryō) ^(←りつりやう (rituryau)?)

律令 (canonical)
ritsuryō (romanization)
rituryau (romanization)
りつりやう (hiragana historical)

[ɾʲit͡sɨɾʲo̞ː]

/ritʉ rʲau/ → /rit͡surʲɔː/ → /rit͡surʲoː/
Possibly from Middle Chinese 律令 (MC lwit ljeng).
Equivalent to 律 (ritsu, “ancient Chinese criminal code”) + 令 (ryō, “ancient Chinese administrative and civil code”).

com

(law, historical) a set of codes and laws enacted during between the Asuka and Nara periods, influenced by a similar model in Tang-dynasty China


律令

[ɾʲit͡sɨɾe̞ː]

Possibly from Middle Chinese 律令 (MC lwit ljeng).
Equivalent to 律 (ritsu, “ancient Chinese criminal code”) + 令 (rei, “ancient Chinese administrative and civil code”).

(law, historical, rare) a set of codes and laws enacted during between the Asuka and Nara periods, influenced by a similar model in Tang-dynasty China


太政大臣

ja-noun

太(だい)政(じょう)大(だい)臣(じん) • (daijō-daijin) ^(←だいじやうだいじん (daizyaudaizin)?)

太政大臣 (canonical)
daijō-daijin (romanization)
daizyaudaizin (romanization)
だいじやうだいじん (hiragana historical)

Compound of 太政 (daijō, “imperial government”, on-reading of ōmatsurigoto) + 大臣 (daijin, “government minister”).

法性寺入道前関白太政大臣

Hosshōji Nyūdō Saki no Kanpaku Daijō-daijin

(politics, historical) the head of the 太政官 (Daijō-kan, “Great Council of State”, the highest government office under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system), equivalent to a “grand minister” or “chancellor of the realm”


太政大臣

ja-noun

太(だ)政(じょう)大(だい)臣(じん) • (dajō-daijin) ^(←だじやうだいじん (dazyaudaizin)?)

太政大臣 (canonical)
dajō-daijin (romanization)
dazyaudaizin (romanization)
だじやうだいじん (hiragana historical)

[da̠ʑo̞ːda̠iʑĩɴ]

Compound of 太政 (dajō, “imperial government”, variant on-reading of ōmatsurigoto) + 大臣 (daijin, “government minister”).

com

(politics, historical) the head of the 太政官 (Dajō-kan, “Great Council of State”) during the Meiji period


太政大臣

ja-noun

おおまつりごと の おおまえつぎみ

おほまつりごとのおほまへつぎみ

太(おお)政(まつりごとの)大臣(おおまえつぎみ) • (ōmatsurigoto no ōmaetsugimi) ^(←おほまつりごとのおほまへつぎみ (ofomaturigotonoofomafetugimi)?)

太政大臣 (canonical)
ōmatsurigoto no ōmaetsugimi (romanization)
ofomaturigotonoofomafetugimi (romanization)
おほまつりごとのおほまへつぎみ (hiragana historical)

First attested in the Ruiju Myōgishō (1241).
Compound of 太政 (ōmatsurigoto, “imperial government”) + の (no, possessive particle) + 大臣 (ōmaetsugimi, “senior minister”).

com

おおまつりごとのおおまえつぎみ

(politics, historical, archaic) the head of the 太政官 (Ōimatsurigoto no Tsukasa, “Great Council of State”, the highest government office under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system), equivalent to a “grand minister” or “chancellor of the realm”


太政大臣

ja-noun

おおまつりごと の おおまつぎみ

おほまつりごとのおほまつぎみ

太(おお)政(まつりごとの)大臣(おおまつぎみ) • (ōmatsurigoto no ōmatsugimi) ^(←おほまつりごとのおほまつぎみ (ofomaturigotonoofomatugimi)?)

太政大臣 (canonical)
ōmatsurigoto no ōmatsugimi (romanization)
ofomaturigotonoofomatugimi (romanization)
おほまつりごとのおほまつぎみ (hiragana historical)

Compound of 太政 (ōmatsurigoto, “imperial government”) + の (no, possessive particle) + 大 (ō-, “big, great”) + 公卿 (machigimi → matsugimi, “senior minister”).


太政大臣

ja-noun

太政大臣(おおきおとど) • (ōki otodo) ^(←おほきおとど (ofokiotodo)?)

太政大臣 (canonical)
ōki otodo (romanization)
ofokiotodo (romanization)
おほきおとど (hiragana historical)

Compound of 大き (ōki, “senior, upper”) + 大殿 (otodo, “government minister”).


太政大臣

ja-noun

太政大臣(おおきおおいどの) • (ōki ōidono) ^(←おほきおほいどの (ofokiofoidono)?)

太政大臣 (canonical)
ōki ōidono (romanization)
ofokiofoidono (romanization)
おほきおほいどの (hiragana historical)

Compound of 大き (ōki, “senior, upper”) + 大殿 (ōidono, “government minister”).


太政大臣

ja-noun

おおき おおいもうちぎみ

太政大臣(おおきおおいもうちぎみ) • (ōki ōimōchigimi) ^(←おほきおほいまうちぎみ (ofokiofoimautigimi)?)

太政大臣 (canonical)
ōki ōimōchigimi (romanization)
ofokiofoimautigimi (romanization)
おほきおほいまうちぎみ (hiragana historical)

Compound of 大き (ōki, “senior, upper”) + 大臣 (ōimōchigimi, “Daijō-kan superior”).


太政

ja-noun

太(おお)政(まつりごと) • (ōmatsurigoto) ^(←おほまつりごと (ofomaturigoto)?)

太政 (canonical)
ōmatsurigoto (romanization)
ofomaturigoto (romanization)
おほまつりごと (hiragana historical)

Compound of 大 (ō-, “big, great”) + 政 (matsurigoto, “government, rule”).
The use of 太 to mean "very great" is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).

prefix

参議

参議 おおまつりごとびと

太政大臣

太政大臣 (ōmatsurigoto no ōmaetsugimi, “chancellor of the realm”)


中納言

[t͡ɕɨːna̠ɡõ̞ɴ]

Compound of 中 (chū, “middle”) + 納言 (nagon, “counselor”, on-reading of monomōsu-tsukasa).

com

中将のことなむ言ひける。兄の中納言、行平のむすめの腹なり。

Chūjō no koto nan iikeru. Ani no chūnagon, Yukihira no musume no hara nari.

(politics, historical) a middle counselor in the 太政官 (Daijō-kan, “Great Council of State”)

桜町中納言

Sakuramachi no Chūnagon, courtesy name of Fujiwara no Shigenori

堤中納言

Tsutsumi Chūnagon, courtesy name of Fujiwara no Kanesuke


中納言

ja-noun

なか の ものもうす-つかさ

中納言(なかのものもうすつかさ) • (naka no monomōsu-tsukasa) ^(←なかのものまうすつかさ (nakanomonomausutukasa)?)

中納言 (canonical)
naka no monomōsu-tsukasa (romanization)
nakanomonomausutukasa (romanization)
なかのものまうすつかさ (hiragana historical)

Compound of 中 (naka, “middle”) + の (no, attributive particle) + 納言 (monomōsu-tsukasa, “counselor”).

com

中納言 二方品云：令外置中納言［奈加乃毛乃萬宇須豆加佐］

938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume book 5:

(politics, historical, archaic) a middle counselor in the 太政官 (Ōimatsurigoto no Tsukasa, “Great Council of State”)


中納言

ja-noun

すけ の ものもうす-つかさ

中納言(すけのものもうすつかさ) • (suke no monomōsu-tsukasa) ^(←すけのものまうすつかさ (sukenomonomausutukasa)?)

中納言 (canonical)
suke no monomōsu-tsukasa (romanization)
sukenomonomausutukasa (romanization)
すけのものまうすつかさ (hiragana historical)

Compound of 助け (suke, “assistance, support”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of classical verb 助く (suku), modern 助ける (sukeru), “to assist, support”) + の (no, attributive particle) + 納言 (monomōsu-tsukasa, “counselor”).


大納言

Fujiwara no Kintō
Tokugawa Tadanaga
Tomo no Yoshio
ja:平頼盛

From 大 (dai-, “big, great”) + 納言 (nagon, “counselor”, on-reading of monomōsu-tsukasa).

池大納言

Ike no Dainagon, courtesy name of Taira no Yorimori

四条大納言

Shijō Dainagon, nickname of Fujiwara no Kintō

駿河大納言

Suruga Dainagon, nickname of Tokugawa Tadanaga

伴大納言

Ban Dainagon, nickname of Tomo no Yoshio

(politics, historical) a chief counselor in the 太政官 (Daijō-kan, “Great Council of State”, the highest government office under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system)

(politics, historical, obsolete) a government office in the 太政官 (Dajō-kan, “Great Council of State”, the highest governing body during the early Meiji period)


大納言

ja-noun

おおい ものもうす-つかさ

大(おおい)納言(ものもうすつかさ) • (ōi monomōsu-tsukasa) ^(←おほいものまうすつかさ (ofoimonomausutukasa)?)

大納言 (canonical)
ōi monomōsu-tsukasa (romanization)
ofoimonomausutukasa (romanization)
おほいものまうすつかさ (hiragana historical)
おおきものもうすつかさ (alternative hiragana)
ōki monomōsu-tsukasa (Rōmaji alternative hiragana)
おほきものまうすつかさ (alternative hiragana historical)

Possibly from Old Japanese.
From 大い (ōi, “senior, upper”) + 納言 (monomōsu-tsukasa, “counselor”).

com

大納言 職員令云：大納言［於保伊毛乃萬宇須豆加佐］

938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 5:

Chief counselor - according to the Shikiin-ryō: the chief counselor is [pronounced as] ōi monomōsu-tsukasa

(politics, historical, archaic) a chief counselor in the 太政官 (Ōimatsurigoto no Tsukasa, “Great Council of State”, the highest government office under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system)

(politics, historical, obsolete) a government office in the 太政官 (Ōimatsurigoto no Tsukasa, “Great Council of State”, the highest governing body during the early Meiji period)


少納言

ja-noun

少(しょう)納(な)言(ごん) • (shōnagon) ^(←せうなごん (seunagon)?)

少納言 (canonical)
shōnagon (romanization)
seunagon (romanization)
せうなごん (hiragana historical)

[ɕo̞ːna̠ɡõ̞ɴ]

From 少 (shō, “junior, lower”) + 納言 (nagon, “counselor”, on-reading of monomōsu-tsukasa).

com

...少納言のとしへて四の品になりぬれば...

...shōnagon no toshi hete shi no shina ni narinureba...

(historical, politics) a lesser counselor in the 太政官 (Daijō-kan, “Great Council of State”)


少納言

ja-noun

すない ものもうす-つかさ

すない ものまうす-つかさ

少(すない)納言(ものもうすつかさ) • (sunai monomōsu-tsukasa) ^(←すないものまうすつかさ (sunai monomausu-tukasa)?)

少納言 (canonical)
sunai monomōsu-tsukasa (romanization)
sunai monomausu-tukasa (romanization)
すないものまうすつかさ (hiragana historical)

From 少 (sunai-, “junior, lower”) + 納言 (monomōsu-tsukasa, “counselor”).

prefix

(historical, politics, archaic) a lesser counselor in the 太政官 (Ōimatsurigoto no Tsukasa, “Great Council of State”)


少納言

ja-noun

少納言(すないものもうし) • (sunai monomōshi) ^(←すないものまうし (sunai monomausi)?)

少納言 (canonical)
sunai monomōshi (romanization)
sunai monomausi (romanization)
すないものまうし (hiragana historical)

From 少 (sunai-, “junior, lower”) + 物申し (monomōshi, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 物申す (monomōsu), “to object, speak”).

com

少納言 軄員令云：少納言［須奈伊毛乃萬之］

Lesser counselor - according to the Shikiin-ryō: the lesser counselor, [read as] sunai monomōshi


納言

The 音読み (on'yomi, “Sino-Japanese reading”) of monomōsu-tsukasa below.

(politics, historical) an umbrella term for 大納言 (dainagon), 中納言 (chūnagon) and 少納言 (shōnagon)

(politics, historical) in the early Meiji period, a short-lived government position acting on behalf of the 太政大臣 (dajō-daijin) while its holder is in absentia


納言

ja-noun

納(のう)言(ごん) • (nōgon) ^(←なふごん (nafugon)?)

納言 (canonical)
nōgon (romanization)
nafugon (romanization)
なふごん (hiragana historical)

/napu ɡon/ → /naɸuɡon/ → /nauɡon/ → /nɔːɡon/ → /noːɡon/
Attested in the 色葉字類抄 (Iroha Jiruishō).
A variant 音読み (on'yomi, “Sino-Japanese reading”) of monomōsu-tsukasa below, possibly influenced by Middle Chinese 納言 (MC nop ngjon).

(politics, historical, rare) an umbrella term for 大納言 (dainagon), 中納言 (chūagon) and 少納言 (shōnagon)


納言

納言(ものもうすつかさ) • (monomōsu-tsukasa) ^(←ものまうすつかさ (monomausutukasa)?)

納言 (canonical)
monomōsu-tsukasa (romanization)
monomausutukasa (romanization)
ものまうすつかさ (hiragana historical)

From Old Japanese.
Compound of 物申す (monomōsu, “to advise or complain to a superior”) + 司 (tsukasa, “official”).
The kanji spelling is an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 納言／纳言 (nàyán).

obor

(politics, historical, archaic) an administrative official in the 太政官 (Ōimatsurigoto no Tsukasa) under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system


大倭根子天皇

ja-noun

^おおやまとねこ の ^すめらみこと

おほやまとねこのすめらみこと

大倭根子天皇(おおやまとねこのすめらみこと) • (Ōyamatoneko no Sumeramikoto) ^(←おほやまとねこのすめらみこと (ofoyamatonekonosumeramikoto)?)

大倭根子天皇 (canonical)
Ōyamatoneko no Sumeramikoto (romanization)
ofoyamatonekonosumeramikoto (romanization)
おほやまとねこのすめらみこと (hiragana historical)

From Old Japanese.
Compound of 大倭 (Ōyamato) + 根子 (neko, “root → origin, source”) + の (no, possessive particle) + 天皇 (sumeramikoto, a term of address for an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan).

inh

おおやまとねこのすめらみこと

com

おおやまとねこのすめらみこと

(honorific) a more respectful term of address for an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan


右大臣

From 右 (u, “right”) + 大臣 (daijin, “government minister”).

(politics, historical) the minister of the right, a government position in the 太政官 (Daijō-kan, “Great Council of State”, the highest government office under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system)

(politics, historical) a government position in the 太政官 (Dajō-kan, “Great Council of State”) during the early Meiji period


右大臣

右大臣 (canonical)
migi no otodo (romanization)

From 右 (migi, “right”) + の (no, attributive particle) + 大殿 (otodo, “government minister”).

(politics, historical, archaic) the minister of the right, a government position in the 太政官 (Ōimatsurigoto no Tsukasa, “Great Council of State”, the highest government office under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system)


右大臣

ja-noun

みぎ の おおいもうちぎみ

みぎ の おほいまうちぎみ

右大臣(みぎのおおいもうちぎみ) • (migi no ōimōchigimi) ^(←みぎのおほいまうちぎみ (migi no ofoimautigimi)?)

右大臣 (canonical)
migi no ōimōchigimi (romanization)
migi no ofoimautigimi (romanization)
みぎのおほいまうちぎみ (hiragana historical)

From 右 (migi, “inside, interior”) + の (no, attributive particle) + 大臣 (ōimōchigimi, “Daijō-kan superior”).


内大臣

内大臣 (canonical)
naidaijin (romanization)

From 内 (nai, “inside, interior”) + 大臣 (daijin, “government minister”).

Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal

(politics, historical) an administrative post in the Imperial Japanese government, equivalent to Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal in the United Kingdom


太政官

ja-noun

おおいまつりごと の つかさ

おほいまつりごとのつかさ

太政官(おおいまつりごとのつかさ) • (ōimatsurigoto no tsukasa) ^(←おほいまつりごとのつかさ (ofoimaturigotonotukasa)?)

太政官 (canonical)
ōimatsurigoto no tsukasa (romanization)
ofoimaturigotonotukasa (romanization)
おほいまつりごとのつかさ (hiragana historical)

Shift from Old Japanese 太政官 (Opoki₁maturigo₂to₂ no₂ Tukasa).
Equivalent to 大 (ōi-, prefix of superiority) + 政 (matsurigoto, “government”) + の (no, possessive particle) + 官 (tsukasa, “government office”).
The “chancellor” sense extends the meaning from 官 (tsukasa, “government office”) to 司 (tsukasa, “government official”).

inh

おおいまつりことのつかさ

com

おおいまつりことのつかさ

(politics, historical, archaic, rare) Synonym of 太政大臣 (ōki ōimōchigimi): the head of the Ōimatsurigoto no Tsukasa, equivalent to a “grand minister” or “chancellor of the realm”


鎌倉右大臣

ja-pos

^かまくら の ^うだいじん

鎌倉右大臣(かまくらのうだいじん) or 鎌(かま)倉(くら)右(う)大(だい)臣(じん) • (Kamakura no Udaijin or Kamakura Udaijin)

鎌倉右大臣 (canonical)
鎌倉右大臣 (canonical)
Kamakura no Udaijin (romanization)
Kamakura Udaijin (romanization)

Literally the “Kamakura Minister of the Right”, with Kamakura being a district in central Sagami Province.

Courtesy name of 源実朝 (Minamoto no Sanetomo), Kamakura-period shogun and poet


日共

/ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʊŋ⁵¹/

/jɐt̚² kʊŋ²²/

/d͡zit̚⁴⁻³² kiɔŋ²²/

/d͡zit̚²⁴⁻² kiɔŋ⁴¹/

/d͡zit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kiɔŋ²²/

/d͡zit̚⁴⁻³² kiɔŋ³³/

/zit̚⁴⁻³² kiɔŋ³³/

/ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʊŋ⁵¹/

/jɐt̚² kʊŋ²²/

/d͡zit̚⁴⁻³² kiɔŋ²²/

/d͡zit̚²⁴⁻² kiɔŋ⁴¹/

/d͡zit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kiɔŋ²²/

/d͡zit̚⁴⁻³² kiɔŋ³³/

/zit̚⁴⁻³² kiɔŋ³³/

(politics) Short for 日本共產黨／日本共产党 (Rìběn Gòngchǎndǎng, “Japanese Communist Party”).


大嘗祭

^おおにえ の ^まつり

大(だい)嘗(じょう)祭(さい) or 大(おお)嘗(なめ)祭(まつり) or 大(おお)嘗(にえの)祭(まつり) • (Daijōsai or Ōnamematsuri or Ōnie no Matsuri)

大嘗祭 (canonical)
大嘗祭 (canonical)
大嘗祭 (canonical)
Daijōsai (romanization)
Ōnamematsuri (romanization)
Ōnie no Matsuri (romanization)

(Shinto) a grand ritual to give thanks to the gods after the enthronement of the Emperor


王政復古

ㄨㄤˊ ㄓㄥˋ ㄈㄨˋ ㄍㄨˇ

ванчжэн фугу

/wɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(politics) Japanese restoration of monarchy


王政復古

ja-noun

王(おう)政(せい)復(ふっ)古(こ) • (ōsei fukko) ^(←わうせいふくこ (wausei fukuko)?)

王政復古 (canonical)
ōsei fukko (romanization)
wausei fukuko (romanization)
わうせいふくこ (hiragana historical)

[o̞ːse̞ː ɸɯ̟k̚ko̞]

From 王(おう)政(せい) (ōsei, “monarchy”) + 復(ふっ)古(こ) (fukko, “restoration”).

com-ja

王政復古の大号令

the Order for the Restoration of Imperial Rule


アベノセイダーズ

(Internet slang, offensive) Alternative form of アベガー


アベガー

ja-noun

アベガー • (abegā)

(Internet slang, offensive, politics) people who extremely criticize Shinzo Abe on social networking services such as Twitter


増税メガネ

増税メガネ (canonical)
Zōzei Megane (romanization)

From 増税(ぞうぜい) (zōzei, “tax increase”) + 眼鏡(めがね) (megane, “eye glasses”), in reference to Kishida’s proposals to increase government spending and the fact that he wears glasses.

ja-compound

2023 October 7, Kono Masayuki, “Minna no hiroba: ‘Zōzei Megane’ kokumin no ikari tozen [Public square: Naturally citizens are angry at ‘Zōzei Megane’]”, in Mainichi Shimbun, page 8:

Citizens have given Prime Minister Fumio Kishida the disparaging nickname “Zōzei Megane” (four-eyed tax-raiser). Recently, Kishida is said to have taken notice and “frowned” about it.

国民が岸田文雄首相につけた不名誉なあだ名「増税メガネ」。最近、気にし始め、岸田首相は「しかめ面」をしたという。

Kokumin ga Kishida Fumio Shushō ni tsuketa fumeiyo na adana “Zōzei Megane”. Saikin, ki ni shihajime, Kishida Shushō wa “shikame tsura” o shita to iu.

2023 October 19, Yamazaki Gen, “Kishida Shushō wa naze ‘Zōzei Megane’ to yobareru no ka [Why is Prime Minister Kishda called ‘Zōzei Megane’]”, in Yahoo News, Diamond Online, archived from the original on 2023-11-02:

Prime Minister Fumio Kishida is increasingly referred to with the nickname “Zōzei Megane” in news reports and social media. Since Kishida himself has not yet attempted to raise taxes, why is zōzei “tax hike” part of the nickname?

岸田文雄首相が「増税メガネ」というあだ名で呼ばれているのを記事やSNSで見かける機会が増えてきた。岸田首相本人がまだ増税したわけではないのに、なぜ「増税」をあだ名にされるのか。

Kishida Fumio Shushō ga “Zōzei Megane” to iu adana de yobarete-iru no o kiji ya SNS de mikakeru kikai ga fuete-kita. Kishida shushō honnin ga mada zōzei shita wake de wa nai no ni, naze “zōzei” o adana ni sareru no ka.

2023 October 25, Obayashi Nao, “Nenshū no kabe, doronawa taiō no seiken ni kugi [Tax problem, late response another nail in the administration]”, in Nikkei Sokuhō:

The Prime Minister’s advisory board, the Government Tax Commission, in June suggested taxing corporate employee’s commuting allowances as one way to raise funds, leading social media influencers to ridicule the Prime Minister as “Zōzei Megane”. It is believed that the Prime Minister himself is now trying to cut taxes in order to shed this nickname.

首相の諮問機関である政府税制調査会が6月の中期答申で、会社員の通勤費を課税対象候補の一つとして例示したのをきっかけに、ソーシャルメディアのインフルエンサーが首相を「増税眼鏡」などと揶揄した。この汚名をすすごうと、首相自身が減税実現を強くめざしているとの見方がある。

Shushō no shimon kikan dearu Seifu Zeisei Chōsakai ga rokugatsu no chūki tōshin de, kaishain no tsūkin hi o kazei taishō kōho no hitotsu to shite reiji shita no o kikkake ni, sōsharu media no infuruensā ga Shushō o “Zōzei Megane” nado to yayu shita. Kono omei o susugō to, Shushō jishin ga genzei jitsugen o tsuyoku mezashite-iru to no mikata ga aru.

2024 May 27, Tomoki Kaneko, “Seiji fushin o koeru [Distrust of government growing]”, in Nihon Keizai Shimbun, page 16:

Typical of this media are the many posts calling Prime Minister Kishida “Zōzei Megane”. Likewise, humorous short videos satirizing the government as well as clips collecting influencers’ criticisms of the government rack up large view counts.

これらのメディアでは、「増税メガネ」に象徴されるような岸田首相への批判投稿が多く流通している。また、面白おかしく政治を皮肉るショート動画や、インフルエンサーによる政治批評を切り抜いた動画も閲覧数を稼いでいる。

岸田首相 きしだしゅしょう

批判投稿 ひはんとうこう

政治批評 せいじひひょう

Korera no media de wa, “Zōzei Megane” ni shōchō sareru yō na Kishida Shushō e no hihan tōkō ga ōku ryūtsū shiteiru. Mata, omoshiro okashiku seiji o hinikuru shōto dōga ya, infuruensā ni yoru seiji hihyō o kiri nuita dōga mo etsuran sū o kaseideiru.

(informal, humorous, derogatory) Fumio Kishida, Prime Minister of Japan since 2021