round

en-verb

round (third-person singular simple present rounds, present participle rounding, simple past and past participle rounded)

rounds (present singular third-person)
rounding (participle present)
rounded (participle past)
rounded (past)
around (alternative)
ron (alternative)

From Middle English rounen, from Old English rūnian (“to whisper, talk low, talk secrets, consipre, talk secretly”), from Proto-Germanic *rūnōną (“to talk secrets, whisper, decide”), *raunijaną (“to investigate, examine, prove”), from Proto-Indo-European *(e)rewə-, *(e)rwō- (“to trace, find out, look out”). Cognate with Scots roun (“to converse with in whispers, speak privately”), Middle Low German rūnen (“to whisper”), Middle Dutch ruinen (“to whisper”), German raunen (“to whisper, murmur”), Old English rūn (“whisper, secret, mystery”), Swedish röna (“to meet with, experience”). More at rune.

cog

(intransitive, archaic or dialectal, Northern England, Scotland) To speak in a low tone; whisper; speak secretly; take counsel.

rounded in the ear

c. 1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Iohn”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:

The Bishop of Glasgow rounding in his ear, "Ye are not a wise man," […] he rounded likewise to the bishop, and said, "Wherefore brought ye me here?"

c. 1617, David Calderwood (quoted as saying to King James VI)

Tiberius the emperor […] perceiving a fellow round a dead corse in the ear, would needs know wherefore he did so […]

1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], chapter I, in The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 2, section 4, member IV:

(transitive, archaic or dialectal, Northern England, Scotland) To address or speak to in a whisper, utter in a whisper.


round

rounds (plural)
around (alternative)
ron (alternative)

From Middle English roun, from Old English rūn (“whisper, secret, mystery”), from Proto-Germanic *rūnō, *raunō (“a whisper, secret, secret sign”), from Proto-Indo-European *(e)rewə-, *(e)rwō- (“to trace, find out, look out”). Cognate with Scots roun, round (“a whisper, secret story”), German raunen (“to whisper, say secretly”), Swedish rön (“findings, observations, experience”).

(archaic or dialectal, Northern England, Scotland) A whisper; whispering.

(archaic or dialectal, Northern England, Scotland) Discourse; song.


change

en-noun

change (countable and uncountable, plural changes)

→ Bulgarian: чейндж (čejndž)

desc

→ Armenian: չեյնջ (čʻeynǰ), չենջ (čʻenǰ)

From Middle English changen, chaungen, from Old French changier, from Late Latin cambiāre, from Latin cambīre (“to exchange, barter”), derived from the noun cambium (“change”) (whence was loaned the English doublet cambium), from Gaulish cambion, earlier *kambyom (“change”), related to Proto-Celtic *kambos (“twisted, crooked”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱh₂(e)mbos, *(s)kh₂(e)mbos (“crooked”). More at skimp, scam; see also Proto-Indo-European *kh₂em-.
Cognate with Italian cambiare, Portuguese cambiar, Romanian schimba, Sicilian canciari, Spanish cambiar. Used in English since the 13th century. Displaced Middle English wenden, from wendan (“to turn, change”) (whence wend).
The noun is from Middle English change, chaunge, from Old French change, from the verb changier. See also exchange. Possibly related from the same source is Old English gombe.

der

sexual orientation and gender identity change efforts

the more things change, the more they stay the same

plus ça change(, plus c'est la même chose)

1727-1728, Edward Burt, Letters from a Gentleman in the North of Scotland to his Friend in London
They call an alehouse a change.

(Scotland, dated) A public house; an alehouse.


act

en-verb

act (third-person singular simple present acts, present participle acting, simple past and past participle acted)

acts (present singular third-person)
acting (participle present)
acted (participle past)
acted (past)
act (infinitive)
act (first-person present singular)
acted (first-person past singular)
act (present second-person singular)
actest (archaic present second-person singular)
acted (past second-person singular)
actedst (archaic past second-person singular)
acts (present singular third-person)
acteth (archaic present singular third-person)
acted (past singular third-person)
act (plural present)
acted (past plural)
act (present subjunctive)
acted (past subjunctive)
act (imperative present)
acting (participle present)
acted (participle past)

From Middle English acte, from Old French acte, from Latin ācta (“register of events”), plural of āctum (“decree, law”), from agere (“to do, to act”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti. Compare German Akte (“file”). Partially displaced deed, from Old English dǣd (“act, deed”).

The Dictionary of the Scots Language
w:Dictionary of the Scots Language

Scottish Language Dictionaries
w:Scottish Language Dictionaries

(obsolete, Scotland, transitive) To enact; to decree.


doubt

doubt (third-person singular simple present doubts, present participle doubting, simple past and past participle doubted)

doubts (present singular third-person)
doubting (participle present)
doubted (participle past)
doubted (past)

Etymology tree
Latin dubō
Latin -itō
Latin dubitō
Old French doterbor.
Middle English douten
Old French doter
Old French doutebor.
Middle English doute
Latin dubiusbor.
English dubiousinflu.
Latin dubitōinflu.
English doubt
The verb is derived from Middle English douten (“to doubt, fear, worry”) [and other forms], from Old French douter, doter, duter (compare Middle French doubter), from Latin dubitāre (“to be uncertain, doubt; to hesitate, waver in coming to an opinion; to consider, ponder”); the further etymology is uncertain, but one theory is that dubitō may be derived from dubius (“fluctuating, wavering; doubtful, dubious, uncertain”), from duhibius (“held as two”), from duo (“two”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ (“two”)) + habeō (“to have, hold”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁bʰ- (“to grab, take”)). Spelling reformers of the early modern period added the letter b to reflect the Latin root dubitō, but it has never been pronounced in English.
The noun is derived from Middle English dout, doute (“uncertainty, hesitation; questionable point; anxiety, fear, reverence”) [and other forms],
from Old French doute, dote, dute (“uncertain feeling, doubt”), from doter, douter, duter (“to doubt, fear”) (compare Middle French doubter; modern French douter (“to doubt, suspect”)); see further etymology above.
Displaced Old English twēo (“doubt”) and twēoġan (“to doubt”).

nb...

doubt, doubten, dought, doughten, douti, douʒte, dut, duten, duti

nb...

dewt, dote, doubt, doubte, dought, doughte, douthe, douʒte, douȝt, douȝte, dowght, dowt, dowte, dut, dute

I walk by the Rule of my Maſter, you walk by the rude working of your fancies. You are counted thieves already, by the Lord of the way; therefore, I doubt you will not be found true men at the end of the way.

1678, John Bunyan, The Pilgrim’s Progress from This World, to That which is to Come: […], London: […] Nath[aniel] Ponder […], →OCLC, page 40:

Rushing to the door of the church, [Robert the] Bruce met two powerful barons, [Roger de] Kirkpatrick of Closeburn, and James de Lindsay, who eagerly asked him what tidings? "Bad tidings," answered Bruce, "I doubt I have slain [John] Comyn." "Doubtest thou?" said Kirkpatrick, "I make sicker" (i.e. sure.) With these words, he and Lindsay rushed into the church, and dispatched the wounded Comyn.

1815, Walter Scott, “Notes to Canto Second”, in The Lord of the Isles, a Poem, Edinburgh: […] [F]or Archibald Constable and Co. […]; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown; by James Ballantyne and Co., […], →OCLC, note VIII, page xlviii:

(transitive, archaic outside Scotland) To harbour suspicion about; suspect.


pig

Possibly a transferred use of pig, because the vessel was thought to resemble the animal.

(specifically) An earthenware vessel used as a hot-water bottle


low

From Middle English lowe, loghe, from Old Norse logi (“fire, flame, sword”), from Proto-Germanic *lugô (“flame, blaze”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“light”).
Cognate with Icelandic logi (“flame”), Swedish låga (“flame”), Danish lue (“flame”), German Lohe (“blaze, flames”), North Frisian leag (“fire, flame”), Old English līeġ (“fire, flame, lightning”). More at leye, light.

cog

She was, as one of them expressed himself, in a light low (bright flame) when they observed a king's ship, with her colours up, heave in sight from behind the cape. The guns of the burning vessel discharged themselves […]

1815 February 24, [Walter Scott], Guy Mannering; or, The Astrologer. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and Archibald Constable and Co., […], →OCLC, page 85:

A boy fell aff his chair a' in a low, for the discharge had set him on fire […]

1843, John Wilson, The Noctes Ambrosianœ of "Blackwood"., page 478:

[…] and he was sure to light of a verse blazing wi' a blue brimstone low that set all straight.

1849, Currer Bell [pseudonym; Charlotte Brontë], “Mr. Yorke (continued)”, in Shirley. A Tale. […], volume I, London: Smith, Elder and Co., […], →OCLC, page 76:

And methought the whole world was lighted in a lowe, and with a great cry I awoke out of the dream.

1922, E[ric] R[ücker] Eddison, The Worm Ouroboros: A Romance, London: Jonathan Cape […], →OCLC, page 19:

(countable, UK, Scotland, dialect) A flame; fire; blaze.


low

en-verb

low (third-person singular simple present lows, present participle lowing, simple past and past participle lowed)

lows (present singular third-person)
lowing (participle present)
lowed (participle past)
lowed (past)
lowe (alternative)

Driest wood will eithest low,

1724 (edition of 1788), Allan Ramsay, The Tea-Table Miscellany, page 23

They scarcely left to co'er their fuds,
 To quench their lowan drouth.

[…] in every crevice; and each individual brick shone and “lowed” with the intense heat. “As I am a Christian man,” thought he, “this is verily the mouth of the pit; and I am lost — lost for ever, for —”

1870, Edward Peacock, Ralf Skirlaugh, the Lincolnshire Squire: A Novel, page 197:

Sand, striking a light with his flint and steel, and transferring the flame when it lowed up to the bowl of his tiny elf's pipe, so small that it just let in the top of his little finger as he settled the tobacco in it as it began to burn.

1894, Samuel Rutherford Crockett, The Raiders, page 82:

The next I saw, James parried a thrust so nearly that I thought him killed; and it lowed up in my mind that this was the girl's father, and in a manner almost my own, and I drew and ran in to sever them.

1895, Robert Louis Stevenson, Works, page 382:

(UK, Scotland, dialect) To burn; to blaze.


wide

en-adj

wide (comparative wider or more wide, superlative widest or most wide)

wider (comparative)
more wide (comparative)
widest (superlative)
most wide (superlative)

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
From Middle English wid, wyd, from Old English wīd (“wide, vast, broad, long; distant, far”), from Proto-Germanic *wīdaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁weydʰh₁- (“to separate, divide”), a dissimilated univerbation from *dwi- (“apart, asunder, in two”) + *dʰeh₁- (“to do, put, place”).
Cognate with Scots wyd, wid (“of great extent; vast”), West Frisian wiid (“broad; wide”), Dutch wijd (“wide; large; broad”), German weit (“far; wide; broad”), Danish vid (“wide”), Swedish vid (“wide”), Icelandic víður (“wide”), Latin dīvidō (“separate, sunder”), Latin vītō (“avoid, shun”). Related to widow.

compound

The wide, lifeless expanse.

(Scotland, Northern England, now rare) Vast, great in extent, extensive.


flow

Uncertain. Perhaps from Old Norse flói (“a large bay, firth”), see floe. Compare Scots flow (“peat-bog, marsh”), Icelandic flói (“marshy ground”).

[…] there are other extensive mosses in this district, commonly called flowes, which it is not probable ever will, or ever can be, converted into arable land. Some of these flowes are found to be 20, 25, or 30 feet deep, and are, besides, such a dead level, that the water has little or no descent; and even supposing they should be cast, or burnt to the bottom, standing pools of dirty water could only stand in their place.

1794, John Sinclair, The Statistical Account of Scotland, volume 10, page 328:

Ye'll stick in some flow, Or, ye'll melt in a thow

1871, Alexander Boswell, Poetical Works, page 213:

Had been roughly laid with bog-wood dug from the flowes,

Dandering o'er ferney knowes, [...] Springing o'er bogs an' flowes, [...]

1896, Proudlock, Borderland Muse, page 8:

If dey wirna a day apo' da flow dan he [it] wis nae man's bishaness.

1898 July 23, Shetland News, quoted in the EDD

(Scotland) A bog or mire, especially a rough, waterlogged one.


fog

From Middle English fogge (“tall grass”), probably from Norwegian fogg (“tall, worthless grass”); compare Scots fog (“moss; lichen”).


From Middle English none, noon, non (“not one”), from Old English nān (“not one, not any, none”), from Proto-West Germanic *nain, from Proto-Germanic *nainaz (“none, nought, nothing”), equivalent to ne (“not”) + one. (Regarding the different phonological development of only and one, see the note in one.)
Cognate with Scots nane (“none”), Saterland Frisian naan, neen (“no, not any, none”), West Frisian neen & gjin (“no, none”), Dutch neen & geen (“no, none”), Low German nēn, neen, keen (“no, none, no one”), German nein & kein (“no, none”), Latin nōn (“not”).

inh

Thou shalt have none other gods but me.

the foles toke their lampes, but toke none oyle with them.

1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Matthew:

None lasses were in the dunces' row. If one had been there people would have looked at her and felt sorry but not boys.

2008, James Kelman, Kieron Smith, Boy, Penguin, published 2009, page 138:

(archaic outside Scotland, West Country) Not any; no (usually used only before a vowel or h):


lift

en-noun

lift (usually uncountable, plural lifts)

From Middle English lifte, luft, lefte (“air, sky, heaven”), from Old English lyft (“atmosphere, air”), from Proto-West Germanic *luftu, from Proto-Germanic *luftuz (“roof, sky, air”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewp- (“to peel, break off, damage”).
Cognate with Old High German luft (“air”) (German Luft), Dutch lucht (“air”), Old Norse lopt, loft (“upper room, sky, air”). Doublet of loft and luft.

cog

No, no, Leddy! the sun maun be up in the lift whan I venture to her den.

1836, Joanna Baillie, Witchcraft, act 1, page 13:

(UK dialectal, chiefly Scotland) The sky; the heavens; firmament; atmosphere.

atmosphere

firmament, ethereal region surrounding the earth


barony

From Middle English baronie, baronye, from Old French baronie, equivalent to baron + -y.

The domain of a baron or baroness, usually as part of a larger kingdom or empire.

(Scotland) Any large manor or estate, regardless of its owner's rank.


nut

Did you like them boys? I goes.
Nut. She shook her hair.
Neither?
Nut. Right townies.

1995, Alan Warner, Morvern Callar, Vintage, published 2015, page 26:


waffle

en-verb

waffle (third-person singular simple present waffles, present participle waffling, simple past and past participle waffled)

waffles (present singular third-person)
waffling (participle present)
waffled (participle past)
waffled (past)

The verb is borrowed from Scots waffle (“to waver, flap, flutter”), from waff (“to wag, wave; to flap, flutter”) + -le (diminutive or frequentative suffix), from Middle Scots waff (“signal; gust of wind; glimpse; a flapping, waving”), from Northern Middle English wafe, waffe, a variant of waven (“to move to and fro, sway; to stray, wander; (figuratively) to follow a weaving course; (figuratively) to vacillate, waver; to move something to and fro, wave”) (whence wave), from Old English wafian (“to wave”), from Proto-Germanic *wabōną, *wabjaną (“to sway; to wander”), from Proto-Indo-European *webʰ- (“to braid, weave”).
Regarding sense 5 (“to speak or write (something) at length without any clear aim or point”), compare Old English wæflian (“to talk foolishly”), possibly ultimately from Proto-Germanic *babalōną (“to babble, chatter”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰā- (“to say”) and/or Proto-Indo-European *baba- (“to talk vaguely; to mumble”). The Oxford English Dictionary does not derive the English word waffle from this Old English word. Compare also Dutch wauwelen (“to linger, waffle, jabber, gab, chat”).
The noun is derived from the verb.

cog

I waffled between going to the deposition and going to the doctor's. Wishing Barbara was there, I decided to call the doctor afterward.

But as Germany struggles to overcome its post-World War II reluctance to lead on security matters in Europe and set aside its instinct to accommodate rather than confront Russia, Europe’s most pivotal country has waffled in the first crucial test for the new government of Chancellor Olaf Scholz.

2022 January 25, Katrin Bennhold, “Where Is Germany in the Ukraine Standoff? Its Allies Wonder.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

A source close to Altman says the board had agreed in principle to resign and to allow Altman and Brockman to return, but has since waffled — missing a key 5PM PT deadline by which many OpenAI staffers were set to resign.

2023 November 18, Nilay Patel, “OpenAI board in discussions with Sam Altman to return as CEO”, in The Verge:

(intransitive, originally Northern England, Scotland, colloquial) To be indecisive about something; to dither, to vacillate, to waver.


loan

From Scottish Gaelic lòn (“marshy meadow”) (compare lèana (“wet meadow, marsh, meadow”)).

the Loan of Turchloy, the Black Loan

[...] The herds upon the loan, As if a sheep had fled, wi' speed, At Grumphy tykes hound on Wi' loud huzza!

1800, Alexander Pennecuik, Lintoun Green; Or, the Third Market-day of June, 1685: A Poem, in Nine Cantos, page 38:

[...] meeting in the loan above the house his own great plough with the six oxen, which were the pride of his heart.

1856 [1822?], Sir Walter Scott, Waverley Novels, page 315:

When the dews begin to fauld the flowers, and the gloaming shades draw on, When the star comes stealing through the sky, and the kye are in the loan, He whistles[…]

1871, Henry Scott Riddell, The Poetical Works of Henry Scott Riddell, page 26:

(Scotland, Northern England) An area of uncultivated ground near a village or farmhouse.


kith

en-noun

kith (usually uncountable, plural kiths)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-kith.wav

From Middle English kith (“kinsmen, relations”), from Old English cȳþþ, cȳþþu (“kinship, kinsfolk, relations”), from Proto-Germanic *kunþiþō (“knowledge, acquaintance”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”). Cognate with Old High German kundida (“kith”), kundī (“knowledge”), Gothic 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌹 (kunþi, “knowledge”). More at couth, -th.

inh

(Northern England, Scotland, rustic, countable) An acquaintance or a friend.


tangle

en-noun

tangle (countable and uncountable, plural tangles)

Of North Germanic origin, such as Danish tang or Swedish tång, from Old Norse þongull, þang. See also Norwegian tongul, Faroese tongul, Icelandic þöngull.

(Scotland) Any long hanging thing, even a lanky person.


poor

non-rhotic, show–sure merger, African-American Vernacular

Inherited from Middle English povre, povere, from Old French (and Anglo-Norman) povre, poure, from Latin pauper, from Old Latin *pavo-pars (literally “getting little”), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- (“few, small”). Doublet of pauper.
Displaced native arm, wantsome, Middle English unlede (“poor”) (from Old English unlǣde), Middle English unweli, unwely (“poor, unwealthy”) (from Old English un- + weliġ (“well-to-do, prosperous, rich”)).

cog

The poors are at it again.

...me vint of ane king to huam a poure acsede ane peny...

1340, Laurent du Bois, translated by Dan Michel, Ayenbite of Inwyt, page 195:

He had given somewhat to every poore in the Parish.

1625, Thomas Jackson, A Treatise Containing the Originall of Vnbeliefe, Pt. v, Ch. xvi, §6:

So what happened? It’s fun to point the finger. Some say it was the poors, or the uneducateds, or even the third-party voters. No matter the scenario, it’s always fun to blame someone else and throw up your hands (while a finger on each is pointed of course).

2018 May 28, Joel Edelman, “Primary election 2018 coverage for the deaf”, in Today's featured shit:

I don't understand, Simmons! I have all the money in the world, but I'm still unhappy! […] It must be the poors! Those leeches have been stealing my happiness somehow!

2023, James Sandoval, “Buying Happiness”, in But A Jape (webcomic):

(countable, originally chiefly Scotland) A poor person.


upcast

From Middle English upcasten, equivalent to up- + cast.

(Scotland) An upset, as from a carriage.

for what with the upcast and terror that I got a wee while syne, and what wi' the wee bit taste that I behoved to take of the plottie while I was making it, my head is sair eneugh distressed the night already.

1823 December 23 (indicated as 1824), [Walter Scott], St Ronan’s Well. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co., →OCLC:


upcast

en-verb

upcast (third-person singular simple present upcasts, present participle upcasting, simple past and past participle upcast or upcasted)

upcasts (present singular third-person)
upcasting (participle present)
upcast (participle past)
upcast (past)
upcasted (participle past)
upcasted (past)

(transitive, Scotland) To taunt; to reproach; to upbraid.


note

en-noun

note (usually uncountable, plural notes)

notes (plural)
noit (alternative)
noyt (alternative)
not (alternative)

From Middle English note (“use, usefulness, profit”), from Old English notu (“use, enjoyment, advantage, profit, utility”), from Proto-West Germanic *notu, from Proto-Germanic *nutō (“enjoyment, utilisation”), from Proto-Indo-European *newd- (“to acquire, make use of”). Cognate with West Frisian not (“yield, produce, crop”), Dutch genot (“enjoyment, pleasure”), Dutch nut (“usefulness, utility, behoof”), German Nutzen (“benefit, usefulness, utility”), Icelandic not (“use”, noun). Related also to Old English notian (“to enjoy, make use of, employ”), Old English nēotan (“to use, enjoy”), Old High German niozan (“to use, enjoy”) (Modern German genießen (“to enjoy”)), Modern German benutzen (“to use”). Related to nait.

cog

And have thou that for thy note !

1838, William Marriott, “The Deluge”, in A Collection of English Miracle-Plays or Mysteries, Basel: Schweighauser & Co, page 11:

Tha'll keep me at this noit all day... Om always at this noit.

1897 May 27, Halifax Courier, quoted in 1903, Joseph Wright, English Dialect Dictionary, volume IV, London: Henry Frowde, page 302

Thou canst do thy note; that have I espied.

1962, Arthur C. Cawley, Everyman, and Medieval Miracle Plays, page 125:

(uncountable, UK dialectal, Northern England, Ireland, Scotland) That which is needed or necessary; business; duty; work.

The supply of horned cattle at this fair was great, but the business done was confined to fleshy barreners of feeding qualities and superior new-calved heifers, and those at early note, with appearance of being useful; [...]

For sale, a Kerry cow, five years old, at her note in May.

A cow is said to be in note when she is in milk.

1888, S. O. Addy Gloss, Words Sheffield, page 160:

A man who drank spring water when his one cow was near note.

1922, P. MacGill, Lanty Hanlon, page 11:

Be at her note, be near note, come forward to her note, of a cow or sow, be near the time for calving or farrowing.

1996, C. I. Macafee Conc., Ulster Dict. at Note:

(UK dialectal, Northern England, Ireland, Scotland) The giving of milk by a cow or sow; the period following calving or farrowing during which a cow or sow is at her most useful (i.e. gives milk); the milk given by a cow or sow during such a period.


plea

en-verb

plea (third-person singular simple present pleas, present participle pleaing, simple past and past participle pleaed)

pleas (present singular third-person)
pleaing (participle present)
pleaed (participle past)
pleaed (past)

From Middle English ple, from Old French plait, plaid, from Medieval Latin placitum (“a decree, sentence, suit, plea, etc., Latin an opinion, determination, prescription, order; literally, that which is pleasing, pleasure”), neuter of placitus, past participle of placere (“to please”). Cognate with Spanish pleito (“lawsuit, suit”). Doublet of placit. See also please, pleasure.

der

With my riches, my unhappiness was increased tenfold; and here, with another great acquisition of property, for which I had pleaed, and which I had gained in a dream, my miseries and difficulties were increasing.

1824, James Hogg, The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner:

(chiefly England regional, Scotland) To plead; to argue.


dump

en-verb

dump (third-person singular simple present dumps, present participle dumping, simple past and past participle dumped)

dumps (present singular third-person)
dumping (participle present)
dumped (participle past)
dumped (past)

→ French: domper

From Middle English dumpen, dompen, probably from Old Norse dumpa (“to thump”) (whence Danish dumpe (“to fall suddenly”)), of uncertain origin, possibly imitative of falling, similar to thump.

onomatopoeic

imitative

(transitive, obsolete, Scotland) To knock heavily; to stump.


wire

en-noun

wire (countable and uncountable, plural wires)

→ Gulf Arabic: واير (wāyir)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: vaier, wire

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: vaier, wire

→ Swedish: vajer, wire

From Middle English wir, wyr, from Old English wīr (“wire, metal thread, wire-ornament”), from Proto-Germanic *wīraz (“wire”), from Proto-Indo-European *weh₁iros (“a twist, thread, cord, wire”), from *weh₁y- (“to turn, twist, weave, plait”).

score string

object used to keep the score in billiards


loch

From Middle English lough, borrowed from Scottish Gaelic loch. Doublet of lay, Looe, and lough.

The greater part of Leuchars Loch belonged to the Inneses of Leuchars, Cotts to the Inneses of Innes; and while thus poſſeſſed, many unſucceſsful attempts to drain both, by canals, to the river Loſſie, ſeem to have been made. […] [A] very ordinary fall of rain raiſes it [the river] far beyond its natural bounds; and the immediate conſequence of ſuch floods, was, the ſpeat-water flowing into thoſe lochs, by the canal, and covering the adjacent meadows.

1802 November 1, “Account of the Drainage of the Lochs at Leuchars and Cotts, in the County of Moray”, in The Farmer’s Magazine: A Periodical Work, Exclusively Devoted to Agriculture, and Rural Affairs, volume III, number XII, Edinburgh: Printed by D. Willison, for Archibald Constable, [...], →OCLC, pages 453–454:

But, enchanting as are the woodland banks of the quiet stream, there is to me a higher and yet more powerful charm in the solitary wildness or savage grandeur of the Highland loch.

1840, John Colquhoun, “Loch-fishing”, in The Moor and the Loch: […], Edinburgh: William Blackwood & Sons; London: T[homas] Cadell, →OCLC, page 56:

This book may possibly fall into the hands of tourists in the Highlands; and if it should induce any one to visit the Isles of Loch Awe, a few words on my part may save him a good deal of trouble. The inns are so badly situated that no visitors but sportsmen and painters ever think of staying long at Loch Awe. The hotel at Dalmally is an old inconvenient house, three miles from the loch, and wants rebuilding. The inn at Cladich is a mile from the loch, and the footpath in wet weather is almost impassable.

1855, Philip Gilbert Hamerton, “Notes [on the poem The Isles of Loch Awe]”, in The Isles of Loch Awe and Other Poems of My Youth, London: W. E. Painter, […], →OCLC, page 91:

Mr. [James M.] Gale's scheme for doubling the [water] supply was carried through both Houses of Parliament, and was at once put into construction. It especially included the raising of the boundaries of the loch, and it brought into assistance and use other lochs in the Loch Katrine area; and Glasgow and its suburbs are now supplied with water as no other community in the kingdom is supplied.

1903 September 11, “The Late Mr. James M. Gale”, in W[illiam] H[enry] Maw, J[ames] Dredge [Jr.], editors, Engineering: An Illustrated Weekly Journal, volume LXXVI, London: Offices for advertisements and publication—35 & 36, Bedford Street, Strand, W.C., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 351, column 2:

[…] Marmaduke Wetherell was hired by the Daily Mail newspaper to lead a search for the lair of the Loch Ness Monster. […] To everyone's surprise, within a few days of the start of his search, Wetherell came across a huge, four-toed footprint along the shoreline of the loch. This was just the sort of sensational story the newspaper was hoping for.

2010 January, Rick Emmer, “Into the Limelight”, in Loch Ness Monster: Fact or Fiction? (Creature Science Investigation), New York, N.Y.: Chelsea House Publishers, Infobase Publishing, →ISBN, page 28:

It is well known, for instance, that the superiority of the herrings caught in the inland sea-lochs of Scotland is owing to the fish finding there a better feeding-ground than in the large and exposed open bays. Look, for instance, at Lochfyne: the land runs down to the water's edge, and the surface water or drainage carries with it rich food to fatten the loch, and put flesh on the herring; and what fish is finer, I would ask, than a Lochfyne herring?

1865, James G[lass] Bertram, “Fish Life and Growth”, in The Harvest of the Sea: A Contribution to the Natural and Economic History of the British Food Fishes, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, page 28:

Little Loch Broom is a NW trending sea loch situated approximately 10 km west of Ullapool[…]. The flanks of the loch are characterized by rugged headlands backed by mountains such as An Teallach to the south and Beinn Ghobhlach to the north.

2010, Martyn S. Stoker, Charles R. Wilson, John A. Howe, Tom Bradwell, David Long, “Paraglacial Slope Instability in Scottish Fjords: Examples from Little Loch Broom, NW Scotland”, in J[ohn] A. Howe, W. E. N. Austin, M. Forwick, M. Paetzel, editors, Fjord Systems and Archives (Geological Society Special Publication; no. 344), London: Published by The Geological Society, →ISBN, page 227, column 1:

(Ireland, Scotland) A bay or arm of the sea.


mask

From Middle English maske, from Old English max, masċ (“net”), from Proto-West Germanic *maskā (“mesh, netting, mask”). Doublet of mesh and mask above.

(UK dialectal, Scotland) The mesh of a net; a net; net-bag.


mask

en-verb

mask (third-person singular simple present masks, present participle masking, simple past and past participle masked)

masks (present singular third-person)
masking (participle present)
masked (participle past)
masked (past)

From Middle English *mask, masch, from Old English māx, māsc (“mash”). Doublet of mash.

(transitive, Scotland dialectal) To be infused or steeped.

(UK dialectal, Scotland) To prepare tea in a teapot; alternative to brew.


wee

en-adj

wee (comparative weer, superlative weest)

From Middle English wey, weygh, wegh, weȝe, wæȝe (“little bit”), from Old English wǣġ, wǣġe (“weight”), from Proto-West Germanic *wāgu, from Proto-Germanic *wēgō (“scales, weight”) and *wēgǭ (“weight”), related to Middle English weġan (“to move, weigh”) (15c).

You looked a little cold, so I lit a wee fire.

The beat of its wee heart held against her own, sent her intense maternity surging like the spring sap in a young tree.

1907, Barbara Baynton, edited by Sally Krimmer and Alan Lawson, Human Toll (Portable Australian Authors: Barbara Baynton), St Lucia: University of Queensland Press, published 1980, page 275:

I had not seen a wee boy do it like that before. He was weer than me and his swimming was just like splashing about.

2008, James Kelman, Kieron Smith, Boy, Penguin, published 2009, page 73:

(Scotland, Ireland, Northern England, New Zealand, Ottawa Valley, Mid-Ulster) Small, little.


brat

en-noun

brat (countable and uncountable, plural brats)

Early Modern English (c. 1500) slang term meaning "beggar's child". Possibly from Scots bratchet (“bitch, hound”). Another possibility is that it was originally a dialectal word, from northern and western England and the Midlands, for a "makeshift or ragged garment," from Old English bratt (“cloak”), which is from a Celtic source (Old Irish brat (“cloak, cloth”)). In the sense "characteristic of a confident and assertive woman", coined by English singer and songwriter Charli XCX in her 2024 album Brat.

coinage

[She] had still on the rough worsted apron of nappy homespun wool, called a "brat".

1882, John Strathesk, “pp. 135”, in Blinkbonny^([The English Dialect Dictionary... brat]):

(obsolete, UK, Scotland, dialect) A coarse kind of apron for keeping the clothes clean; a bib.


link

en-verb

link (third-person singular simple present links, present participle linking, simple past and past participle linked)

links (present singular third-person)
linking (participle present)
linked (participle past)
linked (past)

On a sudden he was aware of a man linking along at his side. He cried a fine night, and the man replied.

1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:

(Scotland, intransitive) To skip or trip along smartly; to go quickly.


queer

en-adj

queer (comparative queerer, superlative queerest)

queerer (comparative)
queerest (superlative)
qwer (alternative)

→ Azerbaijani: kuir

→ Georgian: ქვიარი (kviari)

→ German: queer, Queer

→ Russian: квир (kvir)

→ Swedish: queer

→ Turkish: kuir

Attested since about 1510, at first in Scots. Usually taken to be from Middle Low German (Brunswick dialect) queer (“oblique, off-center”) or the related German quer (“diagonal”), from Old Saxon thwerh, from Proto-West Germanic *þwerh, from Proto-Germanic *þwerhaz, from Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to turn, twist, wind”); compare Latin torqueō, and see more at thwart. The OED argues against this due to the semantic differences and the date at which the word appears in Scots.
Began to be used to describe gay people in the late 1800s, see usage notes for more.

der

Fully Automated Luxury Queer Space Communism

An old long-faced, long-bodied servant, gave a queer look

1824, Geoffrey Crayon [pseudonym; Washington Irving], Tales of a Traveller, (please specify |part=1 to 4), Philadelphia, Pa.: H[enry] C[harles] Carey & I[saac] Lea, […], →OCLC:

“I wish I hadn’t cried so much!” said Alice, as she swam about, trying to find her way out. “I shall be punished for it now, I suppose, by being drowned in my own tears! That will be a queer thing, to be sure! However, everything is queer to-day.”

1865 November (indicated as 1866), Lewis Carroll [pseudonym; Charles Lutwidge Dodgson], “The Pool of Tears”, in Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, London: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, pages 23–24:

One thing has struck me as a bit queer. During my two terms of office the whole Democratic press, and the morbidly honest and 'reformatory' portion of the Republican press, thought it horrible to keep U.S. troops stationed in the Southern States, and when they were called upon to protect the lives of negroes–as much citizens under the Constitution as if their skins were white–the country was scarcely large enough to hold the sound of indignation belched forth by them for some years. Now, however, there is no hesitation about exhausting the whole power of the government to suppress a strike on the slightest intimation that danger threatens.

1877, Ulysses S. Grant, The Papers of Ulysses S. Grant: November 1, 1876-September 30, 1878, page 252:

It looked queer to me to see boxes labeled "His Excellency, Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America." The packages so labeled contained Bass ale or Cognac brandy, which cost "His Excellency" less than we Yankees had to pay for it. Think of the President drinking imported liquors while his soldiers were living on pop-corn and water!

1885, David Dixon Porter, Incidents and Anecdotes of the Civil War, page 274:

Of all the queer collections of humans outside of a crazy asylum, it seemed to me this sanitarium was the cup winner. […] When you're well enough off so's you don't have to fret about anything but your heft or your diseases you begin to get queer, I suppose.

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter V, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y.; London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

“’Tis a queer book - here, leave me git on my spectacles - ” The old man fumbled among his rags, producing a pair of dirty and amazingly antique glasses (...)

1920, H. P. Lovecraft, The Picture in the House:

1927, J. B. S. Haldane, “Possible Worlds” in Possible Worlds and Other Papers, London: Chatto & Windus,
Now, my own suspicion is that the universe is not only queerer than we suppose, but queerer than we can suppose.

A queer look came over John Arable's face. He seemed almost ready to cry himself.

1952, E. B. White, Charlotte's Web, page 3:

Though it may seem very queer,
we've got no jobs to give you here,
so we are sending you to Vietnam.

1965, “Lyndon Johnson Told the Nation”, Tom Paxton (lyrics), Tom Paxton (music):

(dated outside UK, Ireland, Scotland) Weird, odd, or different; whimsical.


tack

From Middle English tak, take (“fee, tax (on livestock)”), from Old Norse tak, taka (“a taking, seizure; revenue”), from Old Norse taka (“to take”). Cognate with Scots tack.

In the Breadalbane papers, for example, there is a "tack" which was given by Sir John Campbell of Glenurchy to his "weil belouit" servant John M'Conoquhy V'Gregour, in the year 1530.

1885, Lord Colin Campbell, The Crofter in History:

(law, Scotland and Northern England) A contract by which the use of a thing is set, or let, for hire; a lease.


jag

The noun is from late Middle English jagge, from Old English giagga, giacga. The verb is from jaggen, from Old English giacgian.


jag

Circa 1597; originally "load of broom or furze", variant of British English dialectal chag (“tree branch; branch of broom or furze”), from Old English ċeacga (“broom, furze”), from Proto-Germanic *kagô (compare dialectal German Kag (“stump, cabbage, stalk”), Swedish dialect kage (“stumps”), Norwegian dialect kage (“low bush”), of unknown origin.

(Scotland, archaic) A leather bag or wallet; (in the plural) saddlebags.


sequel

→ Catalan: seqüela (semantic loan)

→ Polish: sequel

→ Russian: си́квел (síkvel)

From Middle English sequele, sequelle, sequile, from Middle French sequele, sequelle and its etymon, Latin sequēla, from sequī (“to follow”). Doublet of sequela.


dunch

en-verb

dunch (third-person singular simple present dunches, present participle dunching or dunchin, simple past and past participle dunched)

dunches (present singular third-person)
dunching (participle present)
dunchin (participle present)
dunched (participle past)
dunched (past)
dunsh (alternative)

From Middle English dunchen, of uncertain origin. Possibly from the noun (see below); or of North Germanic origin, related to Old Swedish diunga (“to hit, knock”), dialectal Swedish dunka (“to beat”); or from Middle English dengen, from Old English denġan, denċġan (“to knock, ding”), from Proto-Germanic *dangijaną (“to bang, knock”). Compare English dinge.

inh

(Scotland) To gore with the horns, as a bull.


mint

en-verb

mint (third-person singular simple present mints, present participle minting, simple past and past participle minted)

mints (present singular third-person)
minting (participle present)
minted (participle past)
minted (past)

From Middle English minten, from Old English myntan (“to mean, intend, purpose, determine, resolve”), from Proto-West Germanic *muntijan (“to think, consider”), from Proto-Indo-European *men-, *mnā- (“to think”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian mintsje, muntsje (“to aim, target”), Dutch munten (“to aim at, target”), German Low German münten (“to aim at”), German münzen (“to aim at”), Dutch monter (“cheerful, gladsome, spry”), Gothic 𐌼𐌿𐌽𐍃 (muns, “thought, opinion”), Old English munan (“to be mindful of, consider, intend”). More at mind.

cog

(intransitive, provincial, Northern England, Scotland) To try, attempt; take aim.

(transitive, provincial, Northern England, Scotland) To try, attempt, endeavor; to take aim at; to try to hit; to purpose.

(intransitive, chiefly Scotland) To hint; suggest; insinuate.


mint

(provincial, Northern England, Scotland) An intent, a purpose; an attempt, a try; an effort, an endeavor.


bike

From Middle English bike, byke (“a nest of wild bees or wasps; also, honeycomb”), of unknown origin. Perhaps a back-formation of Middle English *bykere (“beekeeper”), from Old English bēocere (“beekeeper”); or from Old English *bȳc, a byform of Old English būc (“belly; vessel; container”). Compare also Scots byke (“beehive, anthill; home, dwelling”), Old Norse bý (“bee”).

like blue bottle flees in a blink of sunshine, […]A bonny bike there’s o’ them!

1818 July 25, Jedediah Cleishbotham [pseudonym; Walter Scott], Tales of My Landlord, Second Series, […] (The Heart of Mid-Lothian), volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for Archibald Constable and Company, →OCLC:

he stood for a minute talking to them about their job of gathering cones, and telling them a story about a tree he’d once climbed which had a wasp’s byke in it unbeknown to him.

1955, Robin Jenkins, The Cone-Gatherers, Canongate, published 2012, page 107:

(Scotland, Northern England) A hive of bees, or a nest of wasps, hornets, or ants.

(chiefly Scotland, by extension, collective) A crowd of people.


grue

From Middle English gruen, probably from Middle Low German gruwen or Middle Dutch gruwen (compare Dutch gruwen), both from Proto-Germanic *grūwijaną, perhaps ultimately an imitative derivative of Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰers- (“to bristle”), or instead from *gʰer- (“to rub, stroke, grind”).

onomatopoeic

imitative

der

Upon all others the sight of Alison, were it but for a moment, cast a cold grue, not to be remembered without terror.

A Grue of Ice

A cold grue went through me—I was unable to touch such a hand.

1992, Alasdair Gray, Poor Things, Bloomsbury, published 2002, page 25:


subway

In 1884 Greathead was part of a syndicate that obtained powers for another subway – 'The City of London & Southwark Subway'. The term 'subway' sounded more sophisticated than 'underground railway', which was associated with the sulphurous Metropolitan, and it would be adopted by New York for its own electric metro when work started on that in 1904.

2012, Andrew Martin, Underground Overground: A passenger's history of the Tube, Profile Books, →ISBN, page 98:

(Canada, US, Scotland, South Africa) An underground railway, especially for mass transit of people in urban areas.

Just before you leave, the subway comes. You get on. It stops at the next station.

1981 April 29, Russel Baker, “And Only Sixty Cents”, in The New York Times:

(Canada, US, Scotland, South Africa) A train that runs on such an underground railway.


em

etymid

speech filler, in the em-erm-um-uh class

She was abused by, em... David, I think. That was his name, he's a real em... what's the word, narcissist. You should really stay away from him.

(Scotland, Ireland) a form of hesitant speech, or an expression of uncertainty


Development of Etymology 1, above; compare nah.

Audio (US)

Na, yor wrang.

Na, ye cannet watch telly.

“Divn’t yee like milk?” “Na.”


inch

From Scots inch, from Scottish Gaelic innis.

The blackening wave is edged with white; / To inch and rock the sea-mews fly.

1805, Walter Scott, “(please specify the page)”, in The Lay of the Last Minstrel: A Poem, London: […] [James Ballantyne] for Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, […], and A[rchibald] Constable and Co., […], →OCLC:

(Scotland, Ireland) A small island; an islet.

An ivy-clad farmhouse surrounded by trees, it stood on the sunny side of a sloping hill at the foot of which the Darigle river curved its way through gold-furzed inches to disappear under a stone bridge into the woods beyond.

1988, Alice Taylor, To School Through the Fields: An Irish Country Childhood, Brandon Ltd, →ISBN, page 6:

As these calves grew older they did not need to return to the farmyard for feeding as they were able to eat sufficient grass for themselves. They were then kept in the fields, known as the inches, along by the river[,] where they grew strong[,] and during the winter cold when grass was scarce[,] hay was carried down to them.

1988, Alice Taylor, To School Through the Fields: An Irish Country Childhood, Brandon Ltd, →ISBN, page 22:

(Scotland, Ireland) A meadow, pasture, field, or haugh.


brook

en-verb

brook (third-person singular simple present brooks, present participle brooking, simple past and past participle brooked)

brooks (present singular third-person)
brooking (participle present)
brooked (participle past)
brooked (past)

From Middle English brouken (“to use, enjoy”), from Old English brūcan (“to enjoy, brook, use, possess, partake of, spend”), from Proto-West Germanic *brūkan, from Proto-Germanic *brūkaną (“to enjoy, use”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰruHg- (“to enjoy”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian bruke (“to need”), Dutch bruiken (“to use”), German Low German bruken (“to need”), German brauchen (“to need”), Swedish bruka (“to use”), Icelandic brúka (“to use”).

der

Audio (Southern England)

Yea, my Lord: how brooks your Grace the ayre, / After your late toſſing on the breaking Seas?

1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], page 34:

The girl’s spirit would brook a husband under no such conditions: she was not minded to run forward because Pen chose to hold out the handkerchief, and her tone, in reply to Arthur, showed her determination to be independent.

1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 28, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:

(transitive, now chiefly Scotland) To enjoy the use of; make use of; profit by; to use, enjoy, possess, or hold.


acclaimer

All our Dispute, is, what Companie, of so manie Acclaimers, is the true Church of CHRIST.

1627, Patrick Forbes, Eubulus, or A Dialogue, Aberdene, page 27:

And we wish heartily, that leaving these weak nots of Trueth, to the Papists, chief acclaimers of them, amongst christians, (that we speak nothing of aliens from christianity) ye would be pleased to adhere, with us into the holy Scriptures […]

p. 1638, “The XIV. Duply”, in Generall Demands Concerning the Late Covenant […], published 1662, page 168:

(Early Modern, Scotland, obsolete) One who claims something.

One who acclaims.
One who claims something.


town

en-noun

town (countable and uncountable, plural towns)

towns (plural)
tahn (alternative)
tawn (alternative)
toon (alternative Geordie)
toune (alternative obsolete)
towne (alternative obsolete)

→ Chichewa: tawuni

→ Hawaiian: kaona

→ Jersey Dutch: tāun

→ Pennsylvania German: Taun

→ Japanese: タウン (taun)

From Middle English toun, from Old English tūn (“enclosure, garden”), from Proto-West Germanic *tūn, from Proto-Germanic *tūną (“fence”), of Celtic origin, from Proto-Celtic *dūnom, from Proto-Indo-European *dewh₂- (“to finish, come full circle”).
See also West Frisian tún, Dutch tuin (“garden”), German Zaun, Danish, Swedish and Norwegian tun; also archaic Welsh din (“hill”), Irish dún (“fortress”). Doublet of dun. See also -ton and tine (“to enclose”).

der

(UK, Scotland, dialect, obsolete) A farm or farmstead; also, a court or farmyard.


surname

surnames (plural)
sirname (alternative)
sur-name (alternative obsolete)

Inherited from Middle English surname, a partial calque of Old French surnum, surnoun (“surname; nickname”) (whence Middle English surnoun), from Late Latin supernōmen, suprānōmen (“surname”), from super- (“over, above, beyond”) and nōmen (“name”), equivalent to sur- + name.

apelido m (Portugal, means "nickname" in Brazil)

про́звище n (prózvišče) (dated, now means "nickname")

patronymic

a surname specifically referencing one's father's given name

matronymic

a surname specifically referencing one's mother's given name


ordinary

ordinaries (plural)
ordinarie (alternative obsolete)

/ˈɔɹdɪnɛ(ə)ɹi/

From Anglo-Norman ordenarie, ordenaire et al., Middle French ordinaire, and their source, Medieval Latin ordinarius, noun use of Latin ōrdinārius (“regular, orderly”), from ōrdō (“order”).

I ſee no more in you than in the ordinary / Of nature's ſalework.

c. 1598–1600 (date written), William Shakespeare, “As You Like It”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene v]:

(now Scotland, Ireland) The usual course of things; normal condition or health; a standard way of behaviour or action.


pure

From Middle English pure, pur, from Old French pur, from Latin pūrus (“clean, free from dirt or filth, unmixed, plain”), from Proto-Indo-European *pewH- (“to cleanse, purify”). Displaced native Middle English lutter (“pure, clear, sincere”) (from Old English hlūtor, hluttor), Middle English skere (“pure, sheer, clear”) (from Old English scǣre and Old Norse skǣr), Middle English schir (“clear, pure”) (from Old English scīr), Middle English smete, smeate (“pure, refined”) (from Old English smǣte; compare Old English mǣre (“pure”)).

noncog

You’re pure busy.

I just get pure shy with the interview cats.

(Liverpool, Scotland) to a great extent or degree; extremely; exceedingly.


slash

Uncertain. Compare British dialectal slashy (“wet and dirty, miry”) and Scots slash (“act of walking forcefully through water or mud”) and slatch (“wet and muddy place, mire”). Perhaps related to Swedish slask (“slush”).
Compare also slash (“clearing in a forest”): in many cases it is difficult to tell whether that sense or this one is meant. (Also compare flash (“a marsh; a pool of water”).)

m+

(Scotland) A large quantity of watery food such as broth.


slash

en-verb

slash (third-person singular simple present slashes, present participle slashing, simple past and past participle slashed)

slashes (present singular third-person)
slashing (participle present)
slashed (participle past)
slashed (past)

(Scotland, intransitive) To work in wet conditions.


weird

weirds (plural)
weïrd (alternative obsolete)
wierd (alternative obsolete)
weyard (alternative)
weyward (alternative)

From Middle English werde, wierde, wirde, wyrede, wurde, from Old English wyrd (“fate”), from Proto-West Germanic *wurdi, from Proto-Germanic *wurdiz, from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn, wind”). Cognate with Icelandic urður (“fate”). Related to Old English weorþan (“to become”). Doublet of wyrd. More at worth.
Obsolete by the 16th century in English, but reintroduced from Middle Scots weird, whence Shakespeare borrowed it in naming the Weird Sisters (originally Weyward Sisters, the Three Witches), reintroducing it to English. The senses “abnormal”, “strange” etc. arose via reinterpretation of Weird Sisters and date from after this reintroduction.

der

Thou shalt bear thy penance lone
In the Valley of Saint John,
And this weird shall overtake thee

1813, Walter Scott, The Bridal of Triermain:


ply

en-noun

ply (countable and uncountable, plural ply or plies or plys)

ply (plural)
plies (plural)
plys (plural)

From Middle English pleit, plit, plite (“a fold, pleat, wrinkle; braid, strand in a braided cord, ply”), from Anglo-Norman pli, plei, pleit, and Middle French pli, ploy, ply (“a fold, pleat; joint in armour; situation, state”) (modern French pli (“a fold, pleat”)), from plier, ployer (“to bend, fold”), from plicāre (“to bend, fold, roll up”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleḱ- (“to fold, plait, weave”).

der

You may be ſure, in the ply I was now taking, I had no objection to the propoſal, and was rather a tiptoe for its accompliſhment.

1749, [John Cleland], “(Please specify the letter or volume)”, in Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure [Fanny Hill], London: […] [Thomas Parker] for G. Fenton [i.e., Fenton and Ralph Griffiths] […], →OCLC, page 75:

(now chiefly Scotland) A condition, a state.


crash

en-verb

crash (third-person singular simple present crashes, present participle crashing, simple past and past participle crashed)

crashes (present singular third-person)
crashing (participle present)
crashed (participle past)
crashed (past)

From Middle English crasshen, crasschen, craschen (“to break into pieces”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps from a variant of earlier *crasken, from crasen (“to break”) + -k (formative suffix); or from earlier *craskien, *craksien, a variant of craken (“to crack, break open”) (for form development compare break, brask, brash).

разбивам

to severely damage or destroy by causing to collide with something else

Joe's crashing Higher Physics, even after I told him it was a bad idea.

(transitive, Scotland, education) To take a subject at higher level without having previously studied it.

binnenvallen

slang: to turn up without having been invited


gash

en-adj

gash (comparative more gash, superlative most gash)

more gash (comparative)
most gash (superlative)

From ghastful, by association with gash.

(UK, Scotland, dialect) ghastly; hideous


hash

From French hacher (“to chop”), from Middle French hacher, from Old French hacher, from Old French hache (“axe”), from Frankish *happjā (“axe”). Compare also Old English ġehæċċa (“sausage meat”, literally “that which is hacked or chopped up”).


clash

en-noun

clash (countable and uncountable, plural clashes)

Of onomatopoeic origin. Compare Saterland Frisian klatskje (“to smack, slap”), West Frisian kletse, kletskje, Dutch kletsen (“to smack, slap, clash”), German Low German klattsen, klatsken (“to smack, splash”), German klatschen (“to clap, smack, slap”) and Klatsch (“a clapping sound; the din resulting from two or more things colliding”), Danish klaske (“to clash, splatter”).


clash

en-verb

clash (third-person singular simple present clashes, present participle clashing, simple past and past participle clashed)

clashes (present singular third-person)
clashing (participle present)
clashed (participle past)
clashed (past)

(intransitive, Scotland) To chatter or gossip.


side

en-adj

side (comparative more side, superlative most side)

more side (comparative)
most side (superlative)

From Middle English side, syde, syd, from Old English sīd (“wide, broad, spacious, ample, extensive, vast, far-reaching”), from Proto-West Germanic *sīd, from Proto-Germanic *sīdaz (“drooping, hanging, low, excessive, extra”), from Proto-Indo-European *sēy- (“to send, throw, drop, sow, deposit”). Cognate with obsolete Dutch zijd (“wide, vast”), Low German sied (“low”), Swedish sid (“long, hanging down”), Icelandic síður (“low hanging, long”).

der

But when he perceaved that the sayd Pryest could not pourge himself of the foresayd crime he prively payed him his quarters wages before hande and suffered hym to departe without farther tryall of the sayd cryme: and now he jetteth in london wyth side gown and sarcenet typet as good a virgin priest as the best.

c. 1556, Thomas Cranmer, “That the general counsels withoute the worde of god are not sufficiente to make articles of fayth”, in A Confutation of Unwritten Verities:

Hiz gooun had syde sleeuez dooun to midlegge, slit from the shooulder too the hand, & lined with white cotten.

1575, Robert Laneham, “The auncient Minstrell described”, in F. J. Furnivall, editor, Robert Laneham’s Letter: Describing a Part of the Entertainment unto Queen Elizabeth at the Castle of Kenelworth in 1575, London: Chatto & Windus, published 1907, page 38:

What doe we make dost thou aske? why we make faces for feare: such as if thy mortall eyes could behold, would make thee water the long seames of thy side slops […]

c. 1590 (date written), G[eorge] P[eele], The Old Wiues Tale. […], London: […] Iohn Danter, for Raph Hancocke, and Iohn Hardie, […], published 1595, →OCLC, [lines 47-50]:

By my troth, ’s but a night-gown in respect of yours: cloth o’ gold, and cuts, and laced with silver, set with pearls, down sleeves, side sleeves, and skirts, round underborne with a bluish tinsel […]

1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv]:

(UK archaic, dialectal, Northern England, Scotland) Wide; large; long, pendulous, hanging low, trailing; far-reaching.


harp

From Middle English harpe, from Old English hearpe (“harp”), from Proto-West Germanic *harpā, from Proto-Germanic *harpǭ (“harp”). Cognate with Scots hairp (“harp”), West Frisian harpe, harp (“harp”), Low German Harp (“harp”), Dutch harp (“harp”), German Harfe (“harp”), Danish harpe (“harp”), Swedish harpa (“harp”).


discharge

en-verb

discharge (third-person singular simple present discharges, present participle discharging, simple past and past participle discharged)

discharges (present singular third-person)
discharging (participle present)
discharged (participle past)
discharged (past)

/dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ/

/ˈdɪstʃɑːdʒ/

/dɪsˈtʃɑɹdʒ/

/ˈdɪstʃɑɹdʒ/

-ɪstʃɑː(ɹ)dʒ

From Middle English dischargen, from Old French deschargier (“to unload”), from Late Latin discarricāre (“unload”). By surface analysis, dis- + charge.

That Richard Stevenson, Robert Calcott, and Richard Tyldesley, be discharged from farther restraint, giving good security to appear at this Board whensoever summoned, and not depart this city until full satisfaction be given

1822, [Walter Scott], Peveril of the Peak. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co., →OCLC:

(obsolete, Scotland) To prohibit; to forbid.


mail

mails (plural)
maile (alternative)
maill (alternative)
maille (alternative)

From Middle English mal, male from Old English māl (“speech, contract, agreement”) from Old Norse mál (“agreement, speech, lawsuit”). Akin to Old English mǣl (“speech”). Related to Old English mǣlan (mell), maþelian (“to speak out, declare”). From *maþlą (“meeting-place”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂d- (“to encounter, come”), if so, related to meet, and moot.

der

(chiefly Scotland) A monetary payment or tribute.


factory

Tok Pisin: faktori

Welsh: ffatri

From factor + y.
Compare Middle French factorie; Spanish factoría, Portuguese feitoria, Dutch factorij.

faktori

colonial-era trading post operated by merchants in a foreign port

(chiefly Scotland, now rare) The position or state of being a factor.


screed

From Middle English screde [and other forms], a variant of shrede (“fragment, scrap; strip of cloth; strip cut off from a larger piece; band or thread woven into fabric; element, streak”) (whence shred (noun)), from Old English sċrēad, sċrēade (“a piece cut off; paring, shred”), from Proto-Germanic *skraudō (“a piece, shred; a cut, crack”), from *skraudaną (“to cut up, shred”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut off”). The English word is cognate with Old Frisian skrēd. Doublet of escrow, scroll, and shred.

der

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-screed.wav

ферман

piece of writing or speech, especially if long

"Weel done!" cried Mrs. Smith. "I trow ye gae her a screed o' your mind!"

1813, William David Evans, “Letter I”, in Letters on the Legal Disabilities of Roman Catholics and Dissenters; and on the Dangers Apprehended from Their Removal, London: […] J. Ridgeway, […], →OCLC, page 13:

The housewife hastens in the gleaming sun, / With watering-pan to sprinkle when it needs / The bleaching cloth which her own fingers spun, / Stretch'd on the orchard sward in whitening screeds; [...]

1824, “A Summer Morning”, in The New Monthly Magazine and Literary Journal, volume XI, number XLVII, London: […] Henry Colburn […], →OCLC, page 472:

No sooner had we clapped eyes on the Leading Article, than, as usual, we recognized an old acquaintance. It is made up of alternate scraps and screeds from old numbers of the Review—the Supplement to the Encyclopædia Britannica, and the Scotsman newspaper!

1826, Mordecai Mullion [pseudonym; John Wilson], Some Illustrations of Mr [John Ramsay] M‘Culloch’s Principles of Political Economy, Edinburgh: William Blackwood; London: T[homas] Cadell, →OCLC, page 39:

(chiefly Ireland, Newfoundland, Scotland, dated) A piece or narrow strip cut or torn off from a larger whole; a shred.

And it be further Enacted, That in all Caſes where any of the Lands and Grounds by this Act intended to be divided and incloſed ſhall adjoin on any Freeboard, Screed, or Parcel of Land left on the Outſide of the Fences of any adjoining Pariſh, Townſhip, or Place, which ſhall run into any of the Lands intended to be incloſed by virtue of this Act, ſuch Freeboard, Screed, or Parcel of Land ſhall be deemed and taken to be Parcel of the Lands hereby directed to be divided and incloſed, [...]

[1795], An Act for Dividing, Allotting, Inclosing, Draining, and Improving the Commons and Waste Grounds, within the Several Parishes of Epworth, Haxey, Belton, and Owston, in the Isle of Axholme, in the County of Lincoln; […] (35 George III, chapter 107), [London]: [Parliament of Great Britain], →OCLC, pages 25–26:

(chiefly regional British, Scotland, dated) A piece of land, especially one that is narrow.

Yet when a tale comes i' my head, / Or laſſes gie my heart a ſcreed, / As whiles they're like to be my dead, / (O ſad diſeaſe!) / I kittle up my ruſtic reed; / It gies me ease.

1786, Robert Burns, “To W. S*****n, Ochiltree. May—1785”, in Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect, volume I, Kilmarnock, Scotland: […] John Wilson, →OCLC; reprinted Kilmarnock, Scotland: […] James M‘Kie, 1867, →OCLC, page 209:

(chiefly Northern England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, dated) A rent, a tear.


screed

en-verb

screed (third-person singular simple present screeds, present participle screeding, simple past and past participle screeded)

screeds (present singular third-person)
screeding (participle present)
screeded (participle past)
screeded (past)

From Middle English screde, Early Middle English screda, a variant of shreden, shrede (“to chop, cut up, hack; to cut to shape; to maim, wound; to prune, trim”) [and other forms] (whence shred (verb)), from Old English scrēadian (“to cut up, shred; to cut off, prune”), from Proto-Germanic *skraudaną (“to cut up, shred”), see further at etymology 1; later uses are derived from the noun screed.

inh

It's no very like the land o' the leal here—d'ye think it is?—wi' this cauld soakit sand anaith ye, and you in thae screeded duds, and us twa in our sark sleeves. [Footnote: Land o' the leal, land of the faithful—heaven. Screeded duds, torn rags. Sark sleeves, shirt sleeves.]

1869 October, “Beyond Breakers”, in Lippincott’s Magazine of Literature, Science and Education, volume IV, Philadelphia, Pa.: J[oshua] B[allinger] Lippincott and Co., →OCLC, chapter XXXIV (For Life), page 413, column 1:

(transitive, chiefly Northern England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, dated) To rend, to shred, to tear.

He'll ſcreed you aff Effectual Calling, / As faſt as ony in the dwalling.— [...]

1801, Robert Burns, “The Inventory. In Answer to a Mandate by the Surveyor of the Taxes.”, in Poems Ascribed to Robert Burns, the Ayrshire Bard, […], Glasgow: […] Chapman & Lang, for Thomas Stewart, […], →OCLC, page 48:

Syne the hale kintra's clashes he screeds them aff han'— / He's a gabbin' bit birkie, the Auld Beggar Man.

1835, Robert Nicoll, “The Auld Beggar Man”, in Poems and Lyrics, Edinburgh: William Tait; London: Simpkin, Marshall, and Co.; Dublin: John Cumming, →OCLC, page 11:

(transitive, Scotland, also figurative, dated) To read or repeat from memory fluently or glibly; to reel off.

[H]ad I been in ony o' your rotten French camlets now, or your drab-de-berries, it would hae screeded like an auld rag wi' sic a weight as mine.

1817 December 31 (indicated as 1818), [Walter Scott], chapter IV, in Rob Roy. […], volume III, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Co. […]; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, →OCLC, page 95:

(intransitive, Scotland) To become rent or torn.


swede

From the earlier term Swedish turnip, because the Swedes introduced the plant to the English in the 1700s.

(Scotland, Ireland, Northern England) The turnip.


away

From Middle English away, awey, awei, oway, o wey, on way, from Old English āweġ, onweġ (“away”), originally on weġ (“on one's way; onward; on”), equivalent to a- (“on”) + way.
Cognate with Scots awa, away (“away”), Old Frisian aweg, awei (“away”), Saterland Frisian wäch, wääge (“away”), Dutch weg (“away”), German weg (“away”), Danish væk (“away”), Swedish i väg (“away; off; along”).

(Scotland, dismissal) Away with you! Go away!


marrow

The moon’s my constant Mistresse / & the lowlie owle my morrowe. / The flaming Drake and yͤ Nightcrowe make / mee musicke to my sorrowe.

c. 1620, anonymous, “Tom o’ Bedlam’s Song” in Giles Earle his Booke (British Museum, Additional MSS. 24, 665)

The dreichest saul could see he had sunlicht in his ee, / And there's no his marrow left in the toun.

[1917, John Buchan, “[Theocritus in Scots.] The Kirn (Idyll vii).”, in Poems: Scots and English (in Scots), London; Edinburgh: T. C. & E. C. Jack, →OCLC, book I (Scots), page 38:

The most cheerless soul could see he had sunlight in his eye, / And there's none his equal left in the town.

(Scotland or archaic) One of a pair; a match; a companion; an intimate associate.


land

en-noun

land (countable and uncountable, plural lands)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *lendʰ-
Proto-Indo-European *-om
Proto-Germanic *landą
Proto-West Germanic *land
Old English land
Middle English lond
English land
From Middle English lond, land, from Old English land, from Proto-West Germanic *land, from Proto-Germanic *landą (“land”), from Proto-Indo-European *lendʰ- (“land, heath”).
Cognate with Scots laund (“land”), West Frisian lân (“land”), Dutch land (“land, country”), German Land (“land, country, state”), Norwegian and Swedish land (“land, country, shore, territory”), Icelandic land (“land”). Non-Germanic cognates include Old Irish lann (“heath”), Welsh llan (“enclosure”), Breton lann (“heath”), Old Church Slavonic лѧдо (lędo), from Proto-Slavic *lędo (“heath, wasteland”), French lande (“heath”) and Albanian lëndinë (“heath, grassland”).

cog

(Scotland, historical) A group of dwellings or tenements under one roof and having a common entry.


da

From child language; compare dad and dada.

Oh where is yer da son? The man said it to me and was grumpy. Is yer da here?

2008, James Kelman, Kieron Smith, Boy, Penguin 2009, page 55:

Once the silky gent who ran a barge called the Knuckle Sandwich tried to persuade Borglum's ma and da to sell him their little dwarfish boy for twelve gold coins.

2011, Philip Reeve, Scrivener's Moon, Scholastic, →ISBN, page 48:

(Ireland, Scotland, Northern England) Father.


juice

en-noun

juice (usually uncountable, plural juices)

Tok Pisin: jus

→ Czech: džus

→ Danish: juice

→ Faroese: djús

→ Hungarian: dzsúsz

→ Icelandic: djús

→ Indonesian: jus

→ Japanese: ジュース (jūsu)

→ Korean: 주스 (juseu), 쥬스 (juseu)

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: juice, jus

Norwegian Nynorsk: juice, jus

→ Papiamentu: djus

→ Serbo-Croatian: džus

→ Slovak: džús

→ Swahili: juisi, jusi

→ Swedish: juice, jos

→ Zulu: újúsi

From Middle English jus, juis, from Old French jus, jous, from Latin jūs (“broth, soup, sauce”), from Proto-Indo-European *yéwHs, from *yewH- (“to mix (of meal preparation)”). Doublet of jus and ukha. In this sense, mostly displaced native Middle English sew (“juice”), from Old English sēaw (“juice, sap”) (> English sew (“juice, broth, gravy”)). Sense of "soft drink" most likely an ellipsis of fizzy juice, another similarly common term in Scotland.

the blacker the berry, the sweeter the juice

the darker the berry, the sweeter the juice

(uncountable) Any liquid resembling juice.

Any liquid resembling juice.
A soft drink.


jaw

en-verb

jaw (third-person singular simple present jaws, present participle jawing, simple past and past participle jawed)

jaws (present singular third-person)
jawing (participle present)
jawed (participle past)
jawed (past)

(Scotland, transitive) To pour; throw out; splash.


haunt

haunt (third-person singular simple present haunts, present participle haunting, simple past and past participle haunted)

haunts (present singular third-person)
haunting (participle present)
haunted (participle past)
haunted (past)
hant (alternative)
ha'nt (alternative)
haint (alternative)
harnt (alternative)

From Middle English haunten (“to reside, inhabit, use, employ”), from Old French hanter (“to inhabit, frequent, resort to”), from Old Northern French hanter (“to go back home, frequent”), from Old Norse heimta (“to bring home, fetch”) or/and from Old English hāmettan (“to bring home; house; cohabit with”); both from Proto-Germanic *haimatjaną (“to house, bring home”), from Proto-Germanic *haimaz (“village, home”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóymos (“village”).
Cognate with Old English hǣman (“to cohabit, lie with, marry”); related to Old English hām (“home, village”), Old French hantin (“a stay, a place frequented by”) from the same Germanic source. Another descendant from the French is Dutch hanteren, whence German hantieren, Swedish hantera, Danish håndtere. More at home.

cog

[…]haunte thi silf to pite [or pitee].

c. 1382–1395, John Wycliffe [et al.], edited by Josiah Forshall and Frederic Madden, The Holy Bible, […], volume I (in Middle English), Oxford: At the University Press, published 1850, →OCLC, I. Timothy 4:7, columns 1, 2:

(transitive, UK dialectal, Northern England, Scotland) To accustom; habituate; make accustomed to.

Leave honest pleasure, and haunt no good pastime.

a. 1569 (date written), Roger Ascham, edited by Margaret Ascham, The Scholemaster: Or Plaine and Perfite Way of Teaching Children, to Vnderstand, Write, and Speake, the Latin Tong, […], London: […] John Daye, […], published 1570, →OCLC:

(transitive, UK dialectal, Northern England, Scotland) To practise; to devote oneself to.


yam

Borrowed from Portuguese inhame and Spanish ñame, likely from Wolof ñàmbi (“cassava”) or a related word. The term was spelled yam as early as 1657.

yellow yam

Dioscorea cayenensis. Dioscorea panthaica


pope

Jamaican Creole: puop

Tok Pisin: pop

→ Hindi: पोप (pop)

→ Urdu: پوپ (pop)

From Middle English pope, popa, from Old English pāpa, from Vulgar Latin papa (title for priests and bishops, esp. and by 8th c. only the bishop of Rome), from early Byzantine Greek παπᾶς (papâs, title for priests and bishops, especially by 3rd c. the bishop of Alexandria), from late Ancient Greek πάπας (pápas, title for priests and bishops, in the sense of spiritual father), from πάππας (páppas, “papa, daddy”).

der

do not sit in Rome and strive with the Pope

Alca genus; 6 species, including the razorbill, the penguin, the pope, and others.

1759, “Linnæus's Systema Naturæ”, in The Gentleman's Magazine, page 456:

The Pope: This is a very singular bird; it is about the size of our widgeon, or somewhat larger, but is not quite so large as the duck: the head is large and rounded; the eyes are small, and stand forward on the head, and lower down than in the generality of birds [...]

1773, John Hill, “Alca”, in A General Natural History, volume 3, page 442:

"About a hundred yards further North" says Troutbeck, "is a 'subterraneous' cavern called the Pope's Hole, about fifty fathoms under the ground, into which the sea flows, so called from a sort of bird which roosts in it by night, about ninety feet high above the level of the water."!! [...] It derives its name from its being a place of shelter to some puffins, vulgo "popes".

1822, George Woodley, A view of the present state of the Scilly Islands, pages 264–5:

The Norsemen catch great numbers of these popes, parrots, or lunder, as they are variously named, and train dogs to go into the holes where the puffin has its nest, lying in it with feet in the air.

1864, Charles Issac Elton, Norway: The Road and the Fell, page 94:

I was informed by a fisherman that there were now hundreds of gannets in the channel off Plymouth, and that he had also met with some puffins (which he called "popes")

1874, J. Van Voorst, Zoologist: A Monthly Journal of Natural History, page 3904:

Fratercula arctica
Fratercula arctica#Translingual

(UK regional, Cumberland, Cornwall, Devon, Scotland) The Atlantic puffin (Fratercula arctica).


tod

From Middle English tod, of unknown origin. Possibly influenced by Etymology 2, due to its bushy tail.

unk

unknown

Who am Ah? Ah'm tod, whey Ah'm tod, ye knaw. Canniest riever on moss and moor!


chore

en-verb

chore (third-person singular simple present chores, present participle choring, simple past and past participle chored)

chores (present singular third-person)
choring (participle present)
chored (participle past)
chored (past)
chor (alternative Geordie)

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

Possibly derived from Romani ćor (“thief”), see also Geordie word chor.


eerie

en-adj

eerie (comparative eerier, superlative eeriest)

eerier (comparative)
eeriest (superlative)
eery (alternative)

From Middle English eri (“fearful”), from Old English earg (“cowardly, fearful”), from Proto-West Germanic *arg, from Proto-Germanic *argaz. Akin to Scots ergh, argh from the same Old English source. Doublet of argh.

She began to feel eerie.

'It is my business to read the hearts o' men,' said the other. 'And who may ye be?' said Heriotside, growing eerie.

1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:

внушаващ суеверен страх

frightened, timid — see also frightened, timid


blad

Apparently from a dialectal variant of blade. Compare Danish blad (“leaf”), Swedish blad (“leaf”).

(Scotland) A blotting book or blotting pad.


muck

en-noun

muck (usually uncountable, plural mucks)

From Middle English mok, muk, from Old Norse myki, mykr (“dung”) or less likely Old English *moc, *moce (in hlōsmoc (“pigsty dung”) and lustmoce (“lady's smock (Cardamine pratensis)”)) (compare Icelandic mykja and Danish møg ("dung")), from Proto-Germanic *mukį̄ (“dung; manure”), from Proto-Germanic *muk-, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mewg-, *mewk- (“slick, slippery”) (compare Welsh mign (“swamp”), Latin mūcus (“snot”), mucere (“to be moldy or musty”), Latvian mukls (“swampy”), Albanian myk (“mould”), Ancient Greek μύξα (múxa, “mucus, lamp wick”), Ancient Greek μύκης (múkēs, “mushroom”), German Mauke (“mud fever”)), from *(s)mewg, mewk 'to slip'. More at meek.


truck

en-verb

truck (third-person singular simple present trucks, present participle trucking, simple past and past participle trucked)

trucks (present singular third-person)
trucking (participle present)
trucked (participle past)
trucked (past)

From dialectal truck, truk, trokk, probably of North Germanic origin, compare Norwegian dialectal trokka, trakka (“to stamp, trample, go to and fro”), Danish trykke (“to press, press down, crush, squeeze”), Swedish trycka. More at thrutch.

cog

(transitive, UK dialectal, Scotland) To tread (down); stamp on; trample (down).


trucker

truckers (plural)
truker (alternative)
trukker (alternative)
trucour (alternative)
truiker (alternative)
treukour (alternative)

From Middle English *trukere (“one who disappoints, a deceiver”), from Middle English trukien (“to fail, run out, disappoint”), equivalent to truck (“to fail”) + -er (agent noun suffix). Compare trooker.

suffix

(derogatory, UK dialectal, Scotland) A rogue; rascal; miscreant; a ne'er-do-well.


trucker

en-adj

trucker (comparative more trucker, superlative most trucker)

more trucker (comparative)
most trucker (superlative)
truker (alternative)
trukker (alternative)
trucour (alternative)
truiker (alternative)
treukour (alternative)

(derogatory, UK dialectal, Scotland) Dishonest; resulting from or inspired by dishonesty.


ee

Each turn'd his face with a ghastly pang / And curs'd me with his ee.

1798, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, "The Rime of the Ancyent Marinere":

[…] and he never took his ee aff them, or said another word […]

(Scotland, Northern England and archaic) An eye.


tartan

en-noun

tartan (countable and uncountable, plural tartans)

→ Catalan: tartà

→ Scottish Gaelic: tartan

The noun is an unadapted borrowing from Scots tartan, from Old Scots tartane, tertane, probably from Old French tertaine, tiretaine (“cloth of wool mixed with cotton or linen”), probably from tiret (“kind of precious cloth”) + -aine modelled after futaine (“woven cloth made from cotton mixed with linen or silk”). Tiret is derived from tire (“kind of silk cloth”), from Medieval Latin tyrium (“cloth dyed with Tyrian purple”), a noun use of Latin tyrium, an inflection of tyrius (“of Tyre, Tyrian”), from Latin Tyrus (“Phoenician city of Tyre (in modern Lebanon)”) (from Ancient Greek Τῠ́ρος (Tŭ́ros), from Phoenician 𐤑𐤓 (ṣr) or 𐤑𐤅𐤓 (ṣwr)) + -ius (suffix forming adjectives).
Another suggestion is that the Scots noun is from Middle English tartaryn (“rich cloth (probably silk) imported from the East, probably from China through Tartary”), from Old French (drap) tartarin (literally “cloth of Tartary”), from Medieval Latin Tartarīnus (“of Tartary or the Tatars”), from Latin Tartarus, Tatarus (“Tatar person”) + -īnus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives). However, the Oxford English Dictionary notes that tartarin referred to a more expensive fabric.
Noun sense 2.2 (“type of fly used in fly fishing”) may refer to its use in Scotland: see the 1837 quotation. Sense 2.3 (“young person who is a member of a Protestant gang in Northern Ireland”) is from the fact that they were traditionally supporters of Rangers Football Club based in Glasgow, Scotland.
The adjective is from an attributive use of the noun, while the verb is also derived from the noun.

طرطان

woven woollen fabric with a distinctive pattern of coloured stripes intersecting at right angles originally associated with Scottish Highlanders

But of oatmeal we have tartan—tartan purry it was sometimes called, and probably therefore was a partially French invention—a pudding made chiefly of chopped kale and oatmeal; […]

1890 June 14, “In Praise of the Horn Spoon”, in The Scots Observer: An Imperial Review, volume IV, number 82, Edinburgh; London: […] T[homas] & A[rchibald David] Constable, […], at the Edinburgh University Press [for] John Douglas, […], →OCLC, page 92:

(uncountable, Scotland) Ellipsis of tartan-purry (“a porridge made from cabbage mixed with oatmeal”).


jy

jies (plural)
jyes (plural)
jys (plural)

From the name of the letter i (of which j was originally a variant) by affixing the /d͡ʒ/ sound to it. Compare French ji, and the similar derivation of Italian vu.
Generally changed to jay by association with kay.

(archaic or dialectal, Scotland) The name of the Latin-script letter J/j.


beast

en-verb

beast (third-person singular simple present beasts, present participle beasting, simple past and past participle beasted)

beasts (present singular third-person)
beasting (participle present)
beasted (participle past)
beasted (past)
beest (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English beeste, beste, from Old French beste (French bête), from Latin bēstia (“animal, beast”); many cognates – see bēstia.

That teacher is under investigation for beasting wee 'uns.

(Scotland, slang, transitive) To engage in sexual intercourse with, particularly in an illicit context.


muzzle

From earlier muzle, musle, mousle, mussel, mozell, from Middle English mosel, from Old French musel, museau, muzeau (modern French museau), from Late Latin mūsus (“snout”), probably expressive of the shape of protruded lips and/or influenced by Latin mūgīre (“to moo, bellow”). Doublet of museau. Displaced native Middle English kevel from Old English cæfl (“gag, bit, muzzle”), see English cavel.

onomatopoeic

expressive

(chiefly Scotland) A piece of the forward end of the plow-beam by which the traces are attached.


tube

From Middle French tube, from Latin tubus (“tube, pipe”), related to tuba (“long trumpet; war-trumpet”), of obscure ultimate origin, but possibly connected to tībia (“shinbone, reed-pipe”); see there. Doublet of tubus.

you can't put the toothpaste back in the tube

you can't put the toothpaste back into the tube

'Don't be a bloody tube, Jack,' she told me. (I always loved it when she used Scottish terms of abuse in that English accent of hers.)

2007, Christopher Brookmyre, Attack of the Unsinkable Rubber Ducks, →ISBN, page 231:

I'm a tube? Who got done for speeding? Who got lifted for bloody assault?

2010, Karen Campbell, The Twilight Time, →ISBN:


scale

en-verb

scale (third-person singular simple present scales, present participle scaling, simple past and past participle scaled)

scales (present singular third-person)
scaling (participle present)
scaled (participle past)
scaled (past)

From Middle English scale, from Old French escale, from Frankish and/or Old High German skala, from Proto-Germanic *skalō. Cognate with Old English sċealu (“shell, husk”), whence the modern doublet shale. Further cognate with Dutch schaal, German Schale, French écale.

(UK, Scotland, dialect) To scatter; to spread.


hee-haw

en-noun

hee-haw (countable and uncountable, plural hee-haws)

hee-haws (plural)
heehaw (alternative)
hee haw (alternative)

/ˈhiː.hɔ̰̃ː/

Apart from one cool fight sequence, she pretty much does hee-haw - just like Iron Man.

2010 April 30, Grant Lauchlan, Daily Record:

People like Dick Advocaat, who knew hee-haw about Scottish football's history, set about whittling away little bits of our tradition on the grounds... well, let's be honest, that they were an inconvenience.

2010 September 27, Bill Leckie, The Scottish Sun:


hen

From Middle English hen, from Old English henn (“hen”), from Proto-West Germanic *hannju, from Proto-Germanic *hanjō (“hen”), from Proto-Indo-European *kan-, *kana- (“to sing”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Hanne (“hen”), West Frisian hin (“hen”), Dutch hen (“hen”), German Low German Heen (“hen”), German Henne (“hen”), Danish høne (“hen”), Swedish höna (“hen”), Icelandic hæna (“hen”). Related to Old English hana (“cock, rooster”). Also cognate to Latin cicōnia (“stork”), Latin canō (“to sing”), Russian каню́к (kanjúk, “buzzard”). Compare Russian пету́х (petúx, “rooster, cock”) from Russian петь (petʹ, “to sing”).
Sense 7 after cock (“male chicken; man's penis”).

Weibchen

generic term for the female of any animal

Don't cry, hen. Everything will be all right.

(Scotland, informal) An affectionate term of address used to women or girls.


nait

From Middle English naite, from Old Norse neyte, neyti (“use”), from Proto-Germanic *nautiz (“use”).

(UK dialectal, Northern England, Scotland) Use; profit; foredeal; advantage.

(UK dialectal, Northern England, Scotland) Use; end; purpose.


nait

en-adj

nait (comparative naiter or more nait, superlative naitest or most nait)

naiter (comparative)
more nait (comparative)
naitest (superlative)
most nait (superlative)

From Middle English nait, nayt, from Old Norse neytr (“in good order, fit, fit for use”), from Proto-Germanic *nautiz (“useful, helpful”). Compare Old English nyttol (“useful”).

der

(UK dialectal, Northern England, Scotland) Useful; good at need; fit; able.

(UK dialectal, Northern England, Scotland) Quick and effective; deft; skilful.

(UK dialectal, Northern England, Scotland) In good order; trim; tidy; dainty; clean.


hatch

From Middle English hacche, hache, from Old English hæċ, from Proto-West Germanic *hakkju (compare Dutch hek ‘gate, railing’, Low German Heck ‘pasture gate, farmyard gate’), variant of *haggju ‘hedge’. More at hedge.

It consisted of a rude wooden stool , and still ruder hatch or bed-frame

1819 December 20 (indicated as 1820), Walter Scott, Ivanhoe; a Romance. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC:


buck

There is in it also woodes of buck, and deir in them.

1777, Mostyn John Armstrong, A Scotch Atlas; Or Description of the Kingdom of Scotland:

But, whilst we thus condemn the timber, we must not omit to praise the mast, which fats our swine and deer, and hath, in some families, even supported men with bread. Chios endured a memorable siege by the beniefit of this mast. And, in some parts of France, they now grind the buck in mills; it affords a sweet oil, which the poor people east most willingly.

1786, John Evelyn, Alexander Hunter, Silva: Or, A Discourse Of Forest-Trees, page 136:

The HORNBEAM ( provincially “HORSE-BEECH," in contradistinction to “buck beech” — the true beech) is, in many woods, the most prevalent species; and being drawn up in thickets with a rapid growth, becomes tall and straight enough for hop poles: and is even suffered to grow up, as a species of wood timber.

1798, William Marshall, The Rural Economy of the Southern Counties:

The magnolia, buck [ beech?], and poplar never grow on lands subject to overflow.

1969, Samuel Henry Lockett, Lauren C. Post, Louisiana as it is, page 53:

The underbrush is all there, spice brush, buck beech, iron wood and alder and no doubt in the spring of the year, there is a wealth of flowers.

2010, Joel Greenberg, Of Prairie, Woods, and Water:


kip

en-verb

kip (third-person singular simple present kips, present participle kipping, simple past and past participle kipped)

kips (present singular third-person)
kipping (participle present)
kipped (participle past)
kipped (past)

From Middle English kippen, from Old Norse kippa (“to pull; snatch”) or Middle Dutch kippen (“to grasp, seize, catch”). Cognate with Norwegian kippe (“to snatch”), Swedish kippa (“to snatch; jerk”); Dutch kippen (“to seize; catch”). Perhaps conflated with some senses of Middle English kepen (“to keep, observe, guard, take possession of, snatch”) (see keep).

ncog

(transitive, dialectal, Scotland, Northern England) To snatch; take up hastily; filch


kip

(Scotland) A sharp-pointed hill; a projecting point, as on a hill.


poke

From Middle English poke, from Anglo-Norman poke (whence pocket), from Frankish *poka. More at pocket. Doublet of pouch.

(Scotland, Northern Ireland) An ice cream cone or a bag of chips


tramp

en-verb

tramp (third-person singular simple present tramps, present participle tramping, simple past and past participle tramped)

tramps (present singular third-person)
tramping (participle present)
tramped (participle past)
tramped (past)

From Middle English trampen (“to walk heavily”), from Middle Low German trampen (“to stamp”) (trampeln (“to walk with heavy steps”), see trample) or from Middle Dutch trampen (“to stamp”), from Proto-West Germanic *trampan (“to step”). Doublet of tremp.
Cognate with Dutch trampen (“to stamp, kick, step”), dialectal German trampen (“to step, walk, tread”), whence commoner German trampeln (“to trample”). Probably related to trap.

der

Soak them [blankets, etc.], add to the water in which the linens were washed some soap, and also some of the preparation to produce a strong lather; rub or tramp them, then rinse and dry.

1842, Catherine Esther Beecher, A Treatise on Domestic Economy:

(transitive, Scotland) To cleanse, as clothes, by treading upon them in water.


chief

en-adj

chief (comparative chiefer or more chief, superlative chiefest or most chief)

chiefer (comparative)
more chief (comparative)
chiefest (superlative)
most chief (superlative)

From Middle English cheef, chef, from Old French chef, chief (“leader”), from Vulgar Latin capus, from Latin caput (“head”) (from which also captain, chieftain), from Proto-Italic *kaput, from Proto-Indo-European *káput.
Doublet of cape (“point of land”), capo, caput, and chef through Latin (possibly also related to cape (“sleeveless garment”) and cap (“head covering”) from Latin cappa); doublet of head and Howth through Proto-Indo-European.

doublet

'You’re doing it because she was your friend, not because she was a parishioner, and certainly not because of the Declaratory Articles,' Macmurray said, pushing himself forward on his seat. 'Everybody knows how chief you and she were. It was an unfitting relationship for a minister while she was alive, and it is equally unfitting for you to do her a favour like this now she's dead.'

2006, James Robertson, The Testament of Gideon Mack, page 324:


crack

en-noun

crack (countable and uncountable, plural cracks)

→ Finnish: crack

→ Swedish: crack

From Middle English crakken, craken, from Old English cracian (“to resound, crack”), from Proto-West Germanic *krakōn, from Proto-Germanic *krakōną (“to crack, crackle, shriek”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (“to resound, cry hoarsely”).
Cognate with Scots crak (“to crack”), West Frisian kreakje (“to crack”), Dutch kraken (“to crunch, creak, squeak”), Low German kraken (“to crack”), German krachen (“to crash, crack, creak”), Lithuanian gi̇̀rgžděti (“to creak, squeak”), Old Armenian կարկաչ (karkačʻ), Sanskrit गर्जति (gárjati, “to roar, hum”).
Compare typologically English crevice derived from Latin crepō, Bulgarian пукнатина (puknatina) akin to пу́кам (púkam), Russian тре́щина (tréščina) akin to треск (tresk), щель (ščelʹ) akin to щёлкать (ščólkatʹ).

cog

The party was great crack.

He's good crack. [It's nice having him around]

But first I maun hae a crack wi' an auld acquaintance here.—Mr. Owen, Mr. Owen, how's a' wi' ye, man?

1817, Walter Scott, chapter 5, in Rob Roy, volume 2, Edinburgh: James Ballantyne and Company, published 1818, page 193:

He seed 'em bawth as he coom'd frae t' Nab, / Nobbut aaf an hooer agone: / An' he stopp'd, did Jan, for a bit of a crack, / For t' gells was lahk aloan.

1865, Arthur Munby, “T' Moossel Getherers”, in Verses New and Old, London: Bell and Daldy, page 54:

Being a native of Northumberland, she was enjoying their banter and Geordie good humour. This was what she needed — good company and good crack.

2001, William F. Gray, The Villain, iUniverse, page 214:

"his a bit o' good crack — interesting to talk to"

2004, Bill Griffiths, Dictionary of North East Dialect, Northumbria University Press (quoting Dunn, 1950)

By the time we've got a good drunk on us there'll be more crack in this valley than the night I pissed on the electric fence!

2006, Patrick McCabe, Winterwood, Bloomsbury, published 2007, page 10:

(Northern England, Scotland, Ireland) Conviviality; fun; good conversation, chat, gossip, or humorous storytelling; good company.

What's the crack?

What's this crack about a possible merger?

But, aw see yo known him weel enough; an' so aw'll tell yo a bit of a crack abeawt him an' Owd Neddy.

1869, Edwin Waugh, “Ramble from Bury to Rochdale”, in Lancashire Sketches, 3rd edition, London: Simpkin, Marshall, & Co.:

(Northern England, Scotland, Ireland) Business; events; news.


steward

From Middle English steward, stiward, from Old English stiġweard (“steward, housekeeper, one who has the superintendence of household affairs, guardian”), from stiġ (“a wooden enclosure; house, hall”) + weard (“ward, guard, guardian, keeper”), equivalent to sty + ward. Compare Icelandic stívarður (“steward”). More at sty, ward.

управител

any administrator of the property or affairs of another

These lands must have been retained by some earlier Steward, perhaps Walter II (1204-41), when most of Erskine had been made into a fief for Henry, first known ancestor of the Erskine family.

(Scotland) A magistrate appointed by the crown to exercise jurisdiction over royal lands.


address

Tok Pisin: adres

→ Bole: adireshi

→ Cebuano: adres

→ Sinhalese: ඇඩ්රස් (æḍras)

→ Tagalog: adres

From Middle English adressen (“to raise erect, adorn”), from Old French adrecier (“to straighten, address”) (modern French adresser), from a- (from Latin ad (“to”)) + drecier (modern French dresser (“to straighten, arrange”)), from Vulgar Latin *dīrectiō, from Latin dīrēctus (“straight or right”), from the verb dīrigō, itself from regō (“to govern, to rule”). Cognate with Spanish aderezar (“to garnish; dress (food); to add spices”).

osoite

property — see also location, property, premises, residence

valmistautuminen

(obsolete in English) act of getting ready — see also preparation

(golf, Scotland) The act of bringing the head of the club up to the ball in preparation for swinging.


address

en-verb

address (third-person singular simple present addresses, present participle addressing, simple past and past participle addressed or (obsolete) addrest)

addresses (present singular third-person)
addressing (participle present)
addressed (participle past)
addressed (past)
addrest (obsolete participle past)
addrest (obsolete past)

(transitive, golf, Scotland) To get ready to hit (the ball on the tee).


location

→ German: Location

/ləʊˈkeɪʃən/

Borrowed from Latin locatio, locationis (“a placing”), from locare (“to place, put, set, let”), from locus (“a place”). Equivalent to locate + -ion.

(law, Scotland) A contract for the use of a thing, or service of a person, for hire.


recur

recur (third-person singular simple present recurs, present participle recurring, simple past and past participle recurred)

recurs (present singular third-person)
recurring (participle present)
recurred (participle past)
recurred (past)
recur (infinitive)
recur (first-person present singular)
recurred (first-person past singular)
recur (present second-person singular)
recurrest (archaic present second-person singular)
recurred (past second-person singular)
recurredst (archaic past second-person singular)
recurs (present singular third-person)
recurreth (archaic present singular third-person)
recurred (past singular third-person)
recur (plural present)
recurred (past plural)
recur (present subjunctive)
recurred (past subjunctive)
recur (imperative present)
recurring (participle present)
recurred (participle past)

Learned borrowing from Latin recurrō (“to hurry or run back; to return, revert”), from re- (prefix meaning ‘back, backwards’) + currō (“to hasten, hurry; to move, travel; to run”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- (“to run”)).
cognates
* Anglo-Norman recurre, recorre (“to have recourse to”)
* Catalan recórrer
* Italian ricorrer
* Old French recourir (Middle French recourir; modern French recourir (“to have recourse to; to run again; to run back”))
* Old Occitan recorre
* Portuguese recorrer
* Spanish recorrer

повтарям се

of an event, situation, etc.: to appear or happen again, especially repeatedly

[I]f his Grace vvere minded, or vvould intend to do a thing inique or injuſt, there vvere no need to recurr unto the Pope's Holineſe for doing thereof.

1529 (date written), [Thomas Wolsey], “[A Collection of Records and Original Papers; with Other Instruments Referred to in the Former History.] XXII. The Second Part of a Long Dispatch of the Cardinals Concerning the Divorce. An Original..”, in Gilbert Burnet, The History of the Reformation of the Church of England. The First Part, […], London: […] T[homas] H[odgkin] for Richard Chiswell, […], published 1679, →OCLC, page 51:

And surely here I admire the goodnes of God towards our Nation, that he would Saint Austin [Augustine of Hippo] should enquire such small matters of S. Gregory, and that his questions should remaine to our dayes, both to shew vs by our first Apostle what account we should make of the resolution of the Sea Apostolick, and […] in all difficulties recur to her, […]

1609, [Richard Smith], “That Saint Austin was a Great Clerk and Excellent Diuine”, in The Prudentiall Ballance of Religion wherin the Catholike and Protestant Religion are Weighed together with the Weights of Prudence, and Right Reason. […], [Saint-Omer, France]: […] [François Bellet], →OCLC, page 29:

Others have been ſo blind in deducing the originall of things, or delivering their ovvne beginnings, that vvhen it hath fallen into controverſie they have not recurred unto Chronologie or the records of time, but betaken themſelves unto probabilities, and the conjecturalities of Philoſophy.

1646, Thomas Browne, “Concerning the Beginning of the World, that the Time thereof is Not Precisely to bee Knowne, as Men Generally Suppose: […]”, in Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], London: […] T[homas] H[arper] for Edward Dod, […], →OCLC, 6th book, page 274:

If to avoid Succeſſion in eternal Exiſtence, they recur to the Punctum Stans [standing point] of the Schools, I ſuppoſe they vvill thereby very little mend the matter, or help us to a more clear and poſitive Idea of infinite Duration, there being nothing more inconceivable to me, than Duration vvithout Succeſſion.

1689 (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], “Of Infinity”, in An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding. […], London: […] Eliz[abeth] Holt, for Thomas Basset, […], →OCLC, book II, § 16, page 107:

The barbarian […] acts from affections unacquainted vvith forms; and vvhen provoked, or vvhen engaged in diſputes, he recurs to the ſvvord, as the ultimate means of deciſion, in all queſtions of right.

1767, Adam Ferguson, “Sect[ion] II. The History of Subordination.”, in An Essay on the History of Civil Society, Dublin: […] Boulter Grierson, […], →OCLC, 3rd part (Of the History of Policy and Arts), pages 181–182:

RECOURSE; is the right competent to an assignee or disponee, under the warrandice of the transaction, to recur on the vendor or cedent for relief, in case of eviction or of defects inferring warrandice.

1838, William Bell, “RECOURSE”, in A Dictionary and Digest of the Law of Scotland, […], Edinburgh: John Anderson, […]; Bell & Bradfute, […]; and Saunders & Benning, […], →OCLC, page 827:

She only replied with a laugh, and he evidently deemed futile the bid for sympathy on the score of religious or irreligious fellowship, for he recurred to it no more.

1891, Charles Egbert Craddock [pseudonym; Mary Noailles Murfree], chapter III, in In the “Stranger People’s” Country […], New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC, page 72:

[He] had found the place, even in company, such a refuge from the obsession of his problem that, with renewed pressure from that source, he had not unnaturally recurred to a remedy that seemed so, for the moment, to meet his case.

1903 September 28, Henry James, chapter XVI, in The Ambassadors, London: Methuen & Co. […], →OCLC, 7th part, page 215:

(archaic) Followed by to, or (Scotland, obsolete) on or upon: to have recourse to someone or something for assistance, support, etc.; to appeal, to resort, to turn to.


Aberdonian

From Medieval Latin Aberdonia (“Aberdeen”) + -an.

(British English, Scotland, ethnography) A citizen or inhabitant of, or person born in, Aberdeen, NE Scotland.