ai

sq-personal pronoun

ai m sg (accusative atë, dative atij, ablative atij)

atë (accusative)
atij (dative)
atij (ablative)
ai (masculine nominative singular third-person)
atij (ablative masculine singular third-person)
tij (ablative masculine singular third-person)
atë (accusative masculine singular third-person)
e (accusative clitic masculine singular third-person)
atij (dative masculine singular third-person)
i (clitic dative masculine singular third-person)
i tij (masculine singular third-person)
i tiji (masculine possessive pronoun singular third-person)

From Proto-Albanian *a-ei (compound of proclitic particle *a and an ancient demostrative *ei), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey combined with Proto-Indo-European *ís (“he, this (one)”). Compare Latin is, German er, Lithuanian jìs, Sanskrit अयम् (ayám)).


ai

ai (masculine nominative singular)
ajo (feminine nominative singular)
ata (masculine nominative plural)
ato (feminine nominative plural)
atë (accusative masculine singular)
atë (accusative feminine singular)
ata (accusative masculine plural)
ato (accusative feminine plural)
atij (ablative dative genitive masculine singular)
asaj (ablative dative feminine genitive singular)
atyre (ablative dative genitive masculine plural)
atyre (ablative dative feminine genitive plural)


u

From Proto-Albanian *wa, from Proto-Indo-European *swom, from Proto-Indo-European *swé. Compare Latin sē.

u mblodhën

they gathered (literally, “they gathered themselves”)

reflexive pronoun
reflexive pronoun#English


e

* Conjunction e (“and, also”): according to Orel from Proto-Albanian *ō(d), from Proto-Indo-European *ēd ~ *ōd (ablative sg. stem of Proto-Indo-European *ē- ~ *ō-).

definite masculine singular adjectives in all accusative case

definite plural and feminine singular adjectives in the nominative and accusative cases


sa

From Proto-Albanian *si-a, a combination of two pronominal members, Proto-Indo-European *kʷih₂ and *h₂ew-/*h₂en-. Alternatively from Proto-Albanian *tšja or, as per Meyer, from Greek σαν (san, “when, whenever”).


im

head

im m (accusative/dative/ablative tim, genitive (i) tim, nominative, accusative plural e mi, genitive plural (i) të mi, dative/ablative plural të mi)

tim (ablative accusative dative)
tim (genitive)
e mi (accusative plural)
të mi (genitive plural)
të mi (ablative dative plural)
im (masculine nominative singular)
ime (feminine nominative singular)
e mi (masculine nominative plural)
e mia (feminine nominative plural)
tim (accusative masculine singular)
time (accusative feminine singular)
e mi (accusative masculine plural)
e mia (accusative feminine plural)
tim (ablative dative genitive masculine singular)
sime (ablative dative feminine genitive singular)
të mi (ablative dative genitive masculine plural)
të mia (ablative dative feminine genitive plural)
im (masculine nominative)
ime (feminine nominative)
tim (accusative masculine)
time (accusative feminine)
tim (dative masculine)
sime (dative feminine)
imi (masculine nominative singular)
imja (feminine nominative singular)
të mitë (masculine nominative plural)
të miat (feminine nominative plural)
timin (accusative masculine singular)
timen (accusative feminine singular)
të mitë (accusative masculine plural)
të miat (accusative feminine plural)
timit (ablative dative genitive masculine singular)
simes (ablative dative feminine genitive singular)
të mive (ablative dative genitive masculine plural)
të miave (ablative dative feminine genitive plural)

Demonstrative pronoun Proto-Albanian *is + (unstressed) 1st sg. pronoun Proto-Albanian *me, from Proto-Indo-European *is and Proto-Indo-European *me.

1.1. possessive pronoun placed → after noun, gender of the pronoun agrees with the gender of possessum/noun:

(Gheg) syn i ẽm (jẽm)

1.1.b. definite/singular noun + im m (Gheg: with jẽm m; a compound of prepositive article i + pronoun ẽm m):

libri im

syri im

(Gheg) syni i ẽm (syni jẽm)

ati im, vëllai im, biri im

1.2.a. indefinite/plural noun + (linking morpheme) të + (pronoun) mi m:

dy sy të mi

1.2.b. definite/plural noun + (link. morph.) e + mi m:

librat e mi

sytë e mi

my, of mine (possessive pronoun in nominative form, adjectival aspect)

2.1. pronoun placed → before noun, pronoun gender agrees with possessum gender, → restricted to kinship terms, family members:

2.1.a. indefinite/singular noun + im m:

im gjysh, im atë, im bir

Im atë, i dashuri ati im.

my (possessive pronoun, adjectival aspect)

3.1. pronoun stands alone, nominal declension of pronoun, pronoun gender agrees with possessum gender (fem. possessor → masc. possessum → masc. pronoun), im m (my) → imi m (mine):

Singular: imi

(Gheg) i ẽmi (jẽmi)

Plural: të mitë

Ti je imi m.

(Gheg) Ti je i m ẽmi m (jẽmi).

Është imi.

(Gheg) Õsht i ẽmi (jẽmi).

mine (possessive pronoun, nominal aspect)


im

sq-noun

im m (definite imi, definite plural të mitë)

imi (definite)
të mitë (definite plural)

Një imi.

a kinsman; a member of the same clan, tribe or family (kinship, singular)

A: Kush erdhi? - B: Erdhën të mitë.

one's (own); kinsfolk; family members (kinship, plural)

a close friend or partner; a beloved and trusted person (sg.+pl., person (or people) connected through relationship (or friendship))


imi

imi (masculine nominative singular)
imja (feminine nominative singular)
të mitë (masculine nominative plural)
të miat (feminine nominative plural)
timin (accusative masculine singular)
timen (accusative feminine singular)
të mitë (accusative masculine plural)
të miat (accusative feminine plural)
timit (ablative dative genitive masculine singular)
simes (ablative dative feminine genitive singular)
të mive (ablative dative genitive masculine plural)
të miave (ablative dative feminine genitive plural)

Ky libër është imi.

Këta libra janë të mitë.


kur

From Proto-Albanian *kur, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷur; cognate to Lithuanian kur̃ (“where”), Old Armenian ուր (ur, “id”), etc. See also Albanian ku (“where”).
Less likely from Latin quā hōrā.


mua

From Proto-Albanian *moN, from Proto-Indo-European *me- (“me”).


veti

veti f (plural veti, definite vetia, definite plural vetitë)

veti (plural)
vetia (definite)
vetitë (definite plural)
veti (indefinite nominative singular)
vetia (definite nominative singular)
veti (indefinite nominative plural)
vetitë (definite nominative plural)
veti (accusative indefinite singular)
vetinë (accusative definite singular)
veti (accusative indefinite plural)
vetitë (accusative definite plural)
vetie (dative indefinite singular)
vetisë (dative definite singular)
vetive (dative indefinite plural)
vetive (dative definite plural)
vetie (ablative indefinite singular)
vetisë (ablative definite singular)
vetish (ablative indefinite plural)
vetive (ablative definite plural)


veti

i veti (canonical)
i veti (masculine nominative singular)
e veta (feminine nominative singular)
të vetët (masculine nominative plural)
të vetat (feminine nominative plural)
të vetin (accusative masculine singular)
të vetën (accusative feminine singular)
të vetët (accusative masculine plural)
të vetat (accusative feminine plural)
të vetit (ablative dative genitive masculine singular)
së vetës (ablative dative feminine genitive singular)
të vetëve (ablative dative genitive masculine plural)
të vetave (ablative dative feminine genitive plural)


ç'

Ç'po bën?

Ç'është kjo?

(interrogative pronoun) Is used in front of a word to make direct or indirect questions for something that is unknown.

Ç'libër doni?

Ç'kuptim ka?

(interrogative pronoun) Is used as an interrogative word in front of nominative case or accusative case to ask about the type or feature of a being, thing, phenomenon replacing cili and çfarë.

Ç'e ke atë djalë?

(interrogative pronoun) Is used to ask question about relationship between people replacing kush.

Ç’u tha, u bë.

(relative pronoun) Is used to connect a dependant sentence replacing gjithçka.

Me ç'dukej.

(relative pronoun) As a relative pronoun replacing sa.

Ç’e pyet kot.

Ç’e dëgjon atë.

Is used to show denial or contempt replacing mos.


çfarë

[ˈt͡ʃfäɹ(ɜ)]

Çfarë doni të pini?

What do you (plural/polite) want to drink?


cili

i cili (canonical masculine)
i cili (nominative singular)
të cilët (nominative plural)
e cila (nominative singular)
të cilat (nominative plural)
të cilin (accusative singular)
të cilët (accusative plural)
të cilën (accusative singular)
të cilat (accusative plural)
të cilit (genitive singular)
të cilëve (genitive plural)
së cilës (genitive singular)
së cilave (genitive plural)
të cilit (dative singular)
të cilëve (dative plural)
së cilës (dative singular)
së cilave (dative plural)
të cilit (ablative singular)
të cilëve (ablative plural)
së cilës (ablative singular)
së cilave (ablative plural)


kush

head

kush (accusative kë (kënd), dative kujt (kuj), ablative kujt (kuj))

kë (accusative)
kujt (dative)
kujt (ablative)
kush (masculine nominative singular)
kush (feminine nominative singular)
sa (masculine nominative plural)
sa (feminine nominative plural)
kë (kënd) (accusative masculine singular)
kë (kënd) (accusative feminine singular)
sa (accusative masculine plural)
sa (accusative feminine plural)
kujt (kuj) (ablative dative genitive masculine singular)
i kujt (kuj) (ablative dative genitive masculine singular)
kujt (kuj) (ablative dative feminine genitive singular)
e kujt (kuj) (ablative dative feminine genitive singular)
save (ablative dative genitive masculine plural)
save (ablative dative feminine genitive plural)

From Proto-Albanian *kusa, compound of Proto-Indo-European *kʷu (“who”) + *só (“that one”) (compare Tocharian B kᵤse (“who”), Messapic [script needed] (kos, “someone”)).


atë

sq-noun

atë m (plural etër, definite ati, definite plural etërit)

etër (plural)
ati (definite)
etërit (definite plural)
atë (indefinite nominative singular)
ati (definite nominative singular)
etër (indefinite nominative plural)
etërit (definite nominative plural)
atë (accusative indefinite singular)
atin (accusative definite singular)
etër (accusative indefinite plural)
etërit (accusative definite plural)
eti (dative indefinite singular)
atit (dative definite singular)
etërve (dative indefinite plural)
etërve (dative definite plural)
eti (ablative indefinite singular)
atit (ablative definite singular)
etërish (ablative indefinite plural)
etërve (ablative definite plural)

From Proto-Albanian *ata, from Proto-Indo-European *átta, whence also Hittite 𒀜𒋫𒀸 (attas), Ancient Greek ἄττα (átta), Latin atta, Proto-Slavic *otьcь, and similar Lallwörter.


tyri

i tyri (canonical)
i tyri (masculine nominative singular)
e tyrja (feminine nominative singular)
të tyret (masculine nominative plural)
të tyret (feminine nominative plural)
të tyrin (accusative masculine singular)
të tyren (accusative feminine singular)
të tyret (accusative masculine plural)
të tyret (accusative feminine plural)
të tyrit (ablative dative genitive masculine singular)
së tyres (ablative dative feminine genitive singular)
të tyreve (ablative dative genitive masculine plural)
të tyreve (ablative dative feminine genitive plural)


të

— Kam nevojë për një libër shumë të mirë.

— I need a really good book. (masculine singular accusative)

— Më merr malli për përqafimit e një burri të vaditur.

— I long for the embrace of a talented man (masculine singular genitive)

— Ajo ishte me një vajzë të bukur.

— She was with a pretty girl. (feminine singular accusative)

indefinite masculine and feminine singular adjectives in all cases but nominative

— Më pëlqen shija e mjaltit të ngrohtë.

— I love the taste of warm honey. (masculine singular genitive)

definite masculine singular adjectives in the genitive, dative and ablative cases

— yje të stërmëdhenj

— huge stars (masculine plural nominative)

indefinite plural adjectives in all cases

definite plural adjectives in the genitive, dative and ablative cases


më

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁me (“me”). Cognate with Latin mē, Ancient Greek με (me).

si më je?


hiç

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish هیچ (hiç).


njeri

njeri m (plural njerëz, definite njeriu, definite plural njerëzit)

njerëz (plural)
njeriu (definite)
njerëzit (definite plural)
njeri (indefinite nominative singular)
njeriu (definite nominative singular)
njerëz (indefinite nominative plural)
njerëzit (definite nominative plural)
njeri (accusative indefinite singular)
njeriun (accusative definite singular)
njerëz (accusative indefinite plural)
njerëzit (accusative definite plural)
njeriu (dative indefinite singular)
njeriut (dative definite singular)
njerëzve (dative indefinite plural)
njerëzve (dative definite plural)
njeriu (ablative indefinite singular)
njeriut (ablative definite singular)
njerëzish (ablative indefinite plural)
njerëzve (ablative definite plural)

From Old Albanian njer, from Proto-Albanian *nera, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂nḗr. Closely related to Messapic 𐌍𐌄𐌓 (“man”).


saji

i saji (canonical)
i saji (masculine nominative singular)
e saja (feminine nominative singular)
të sajtë (masculine nominative plural)
të sajat (feminine nominative plural)
të sajin (accusative masculine singular)
të sajën (accusative feminine singular)
të sajtë (accusative masculine plural)
të sajat (accusative feminine plural)
të sajit (ablative dative genitive masculine singular)
së sajës (ablative dative feminine genitive singular)
të sajve (ablative dative genitive masculine plural)
të sajave (ablative dative feminine genitive plural)


në

Nominative-accusative from accusative Proto-Albanian *nōs, stressed form of clitic Proto-Indo-European *nos, which is continued by the clitic na. Neve and nesh are innovated, but Gheg retains dative nahe (Old Albanian nae) from a genitive *nosōm.


gjithë

head

i gjithë (feminine e gjithë, masculine plural të gjithë, feminine plural të gjitha)

i gjithë (canonical)
e gjithë (feminine)
të gjithë (masculine plural)
të gjitha (feminine plural)

From dialectal gjidhë, from Proto-Albanian *semdza, from Proto-Indo-European *sem-ǵʰo- (compare Old Armenian եզ (ez), Latin singulus). The dialectal gji derives from Proto-Indo-European *sem-, also attested alone with the same meaning. Related to çdo.


gjithë

të gjithë (canonical)
të gjitha (feminine)

Të gjithë s’i kam shokë.

Elona flet më mirë nga të gjithë.

I bleu të gjitha.

He bought everything / He bought them all.


kushdo

kushdo (accusative këdo, dative kujtdo, ablative kujtdo)

këdo (accusative)
kujtdo (dative)
kujtdo (ablative)


që

From Proto-Albanian *kai. Alternatively from Latin quī.

Used in the sense of (local) 'where' and (temporal) 'when'. Specifies time and place/starting point of an action


dikush

dikush (accusative dikë, dative dikujt, ablative dikujt)

dikë (accusative)
dikujt (dative)
dikujt (ablative)


meje

From Proto-Albanian *mē̆-, from Proto-Indo-European *me- (“me”).


yti

yti (masculine nominative singular)
jotja (feminine nominative singular)
të tutë (masculine nominative plural)
të tuat (feminine nominative plural)
tëndin (accusative masculine singular)
tënden (accusative feminine singular)
të tutë (accusative masculine plural)
të tuat (accusative feminine plural)
tëndit (ablative dative genitive masculine singular)
sates (ablative dative feminine genitive singular)
të tuve (ablative dative genitive masculine plural)
të tuave (ablative dative feminine genitive plural)


juaji

juaji (masculine nominative singular)
juaja (feminine nominative singular)
tuajt (masculine nominative plural)
tuajat (feminine nominative plural)
tuajin (accusative masculine singular)
tuajën (accusative feminine singular)
tuajt (accusative masculine plural)
tuajat (accusative feminine plural)
tuajit (ablative dative genitive masculine singular)
suajës (ablative dative feminine genitive singular)
tuajve (ablative dative genitive masculine plural)
tuajave (ablative dative feminine genitive plural)


tiji

i tiji (canonical)
i tiji (masculine nominative singular)
e tija (feminine nominative singular)
të tijtë (masculine nominative plural)
të tijat (feminine nominative plural)
të tijin (accusative masculine singular)
të tijën (accusative feminine singular)
të tijtë (accusative masculine plural)
të tijat (accusative feminine plural)
të tijit (ablative dative genitive masculine singular)
së tijës (ablative dative feminine genitive singular)
të tijve (ablative dative genitive masculine plural)
të tijave (ablative dative feminine genitive plural)

Meqë biçikleta ime është e prishur, vëllai im më tha që mund ta shpie të tijën.

Since my bike is broken my brother said I can take his.


yni

yni (masculine nominative singular)
jona (feminine nominative singular)
tanët (masculine nominative plural)
tonat (feminine nominative plural)
tonin (accusative masculine singular)
tonën (accusative feminine singular)
tanët (accusative masculine plural)
tonat (accusative feminine plural)
tonit (ablative dative genitive masculine singular)
sonës (ablative dative feminine genitive singular)
tanëve (ablative dative genitive masculine plural)
tonave (ablative dative feminine genitive plural)

Kjo shtëpi është jona.


kë

From Proto-Albanian *kaN, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo- (“who”). Cognate to Latin quom.


kënd

kënd (accusative kë (kënd), dative kujt (kuj), ablative kujt (kuj))

kë (accusative)
kujt (dative)
kujt (ablative)

From Proto-Albanian *kan tan, sequence of two pronouns (Proto-Albanian *kan + *tan). Proto-Albanian *kan from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷ-. The second element Proto-Albanian *tan from Proto-Indo-European *to-. Continuing in accusative form of kush as kë (Gheg Albanian kâ, kân). See (pronoun) Albanian kë and (nominative form) kush (“who”) for more.
From compound Proto-Albanian *kwom-to-, an indefinite pronoun.


tërë

i tërë (feminine e tërë, masculine plural të tërë, feminine plural të tëra)

i tërë (canonical)
e tërë (feminine)
të tërë (masculine plural)
të tëra (feminine plural)

* According to Orel, from Proto-Albanian *twana, from Proto-Indo-European *tewH-, compare Lithuanian tvìnti (“to rise, swell”), Lithuanian tvãnas (“flood”).
* According to Demiraj, from Proto-Albanian *tan-, from Proto-Indo-European *tód (“it”). Cognate to Ancient Greek τόν (tón, “it”).

botën e tërë / tërë bota

një ditë të tërë


jonë

Jeta jonë është e bukur.


çë

From Proto-Albanian *tši, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷid. Cognate to Hittite 𒆪𒀉 (/kuit/), Greek τί (tí), Latin quid.


tanë

Tanë nãtën nuk kam flêjt.

Qy, qy... e paska punën tanë mut.

See, see... things are apparently full of shit for him/her.

(~"totally messed up")