اردو

Derived from Proto-Turkic *ordu (“army, camp”) (see Azerbaijani ordu, Turkish ordu, Turkmen orda). Compare horde.


نان

nân (romanization)
نانها (plural)
نون (alternative Tehrani)

→ Baluchi: نان (nán) (reborrowing)

→ Bengali: নান (nan)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: नान (nān)

Urdu: نان (nān)

→ Kazakh: нан (nan)

→ Ottoman Turkish: نان (nan)

Turkish: nan

→ Pashto: نان (nān) (reborrowing)

→ Punjabi: ਨਾਨ (nān)

→ Sindhi: نان (nānu)

desctree

→ Uyghur: نان (nan)
→ Mandarin: 饢 /馕 (náng)

→ Uzbek: non

From Middle Persian LHMA (nān, “bread, food”), from Old Persian, from Proto-Iranian *nagna- (“naked bread (bread that was baked without ash)”) (antonym: *nikāna- "buried bread (bread that was baked in ash)".
Compare Sogdian [script needed] (nγn- /naγn/, “bread”), Manichaean Parthian ngn (naγn), Khotanese [script needed] (nāṃji), Northern Kurdish nan, Zazaki nan, Central Kurdish نان (nan), Northern Luri نۆ (nø), Baluchi نگن (nagan), Pashto نغن (naγan), Laki نان (nan), Natanzi نون (nun), Gurani [script needed] (nāna), [script needed] (nān, “bread, food”), Sanskrit नग्नहु (nagnahu), and possibly the Old Armenian loanword նկան (nkan).


انگریزی

fa-adj

انگریزی • (angrēzī)

[ʔäŋɡ.ɾeː.ziː]

[ʔäŋɡ.ɾeː.ziː]

[ʔäŋɡ.ɾeː.ziː]

Borrowed from Hindustani اَن٘گْریزِی / अंग्रेज़ी (aṅgrezī). By surface analysis, انگریز (angrēz, “English (person)”) + ـی (-ī, suffix forming adjectives).

surf

ـی
<id:adjective><pos:suffix forming adjectives>

انگلیسی انگلیسی#Persian

(colloquial Dari) synonym of انگلیسی (inglīsī, “English, British”)


انگریزی

fa-noun

انگریزی • (angrēzī)

[ʔäŋɡ.ɾeː.ziː]

[ʔäŋɡ.ɾeː.ziː]

[ʔäŋɡ.ɾeː.ziː]

انگلیسی انگلیسی#Persian


انگریزی

head

انگریزی • (angrēzī)

fa-proper noun

انگریزی • (angrēzī)

[ʔäŋɡ.ɾeː.ziː]

[ʔäŋɡ.ɾeː.ziː]

[ʔäŋɡ.ɾeː.ziː]

انگلیسی انگلیسی#Persian

(colloquial Dari) synonym of انگلیسی (inglīsī, “English language”)


چادر

čâdor (romanization)
čâdar (romanization)
چادرها (plural)

desc

→ Arabic: شَادُور (šādūr)

→ Arabic: شَادُور (šādūr)

→ Armenian: չադրա (čʻadra)

→ Assamese: চাদৰ (sador)

→ Azerbaijani: çador

→ Belarusian: чадра (čadra)

→ Bengali: চাদর (cador)

→ Central Kurdish: چادر (çadir)

→ Dutch: chador

→ Finnish: tšador

→ French: tchador

→ Georgian: ჩადრი (čadri)

→ German: Tschador

→ Gujarati: ચાદર (cādar)

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: چادَر (cādar)

desctree

Hindi: चादर (cādar)
→ Danish: chador
→ English: chador, chadar, chaddar, chuddar, chadah, chader, chadur, chuddah, chudder, chuddur, chudah

→ Hungarian: csador

→ Italian: chador

→ Japanese: チャドル (chadoru)

→ Kazakh: шатыр (şatyr)

→ Korean: 차도르 (chadoreu)

→ Malay: cadar

→ Indonesian: cadar

→ Marathi: चादर (cādar)

→ Norwegian: chador

→ Ottoman Turkish: چادر (çadır), چتر (çatır)
Turkish: çadır, çador
→ Albanian: çadër
→ Armenian: չատըր (čʻatər), չա̈դըր (čʻädər)
→ Czech: čádor
→ Hungarian: sátor
→ Macedonian: шатор (šator)
→ Polish: szatra
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Latin script: šator
Cyrillic script: шатор
→ Russian: шатёр (šatjór)
→ Serbo-Croatian: (“tent”)
Cyrillic script: чадор
Latin script: čador

→ Pashto: چادري (čādarí)

→ Polish: czador

→ Portuguese: xador

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਚਾਦਰ (cādar)

Shahmukhi script: چادر (čādar)

→ Russian: чадра (čadra)

→ Serbo-Croatian: (“chador”)

Cyrillic script: чадор

Latin script: čador

→ Slovene: čador

→ Spanish: chador

→ Ukrainian: чадра (čadra)

→ Uzbek: chodir

[t͡ʃʰɑː.d̪äɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.d̪äɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.d̪äɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɔː.d̪äɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɒː.d̪oɹ]

[t͡ʃʰɔ.d̪äɾ]

From Middle Persian čādur (“sheet, veil”), from Sanskrit छत्त्र (chattra).


جاکش

fa-noun

جاکش • (jâkeš)

[d͡ʒɑː.kʰɪ́ʃ]

[d͡ʒɑː.kʰɪ́ʃ]

[d͡ʒɑː.kʰɪ́ʃ]

[d͡ʒɔː.kʰíʃ]

[d͡ʒɒː.kʰʲéʃ]


بند

band (romanization)
بندها (plural)
بند (singular)
بند، بندا (band-hấ, bandấ^△) (colloquial plural)
بند را، بند رو (band râ, bando^△) (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
بند، بندا رو (band-hấ râ, bandấ ro^△) (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
بند (ezafe singular)
بند، بندای (band-hấ-ye, bandấ-ye^△) (colloquial ezafe plural)
بندی (definite relative singular)
بندی (indefinite singular stressed)
بند، بندایی (band-hấ-i, bandấi^△) (colloquial definite plural relative)
بند، بندایی (band-hấ-i, bandấi^△) (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)

→ Azerbaijani: bənd

→ Ottoman Turkish: بند (bend)

> Turkish: bent (inherited)

→ Romanian: bind

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ-. Compare Old Armenian բանտ (bant, “prison”), an Iranian borrowing. More at band, bind. Doublet of باند (bând).

(Dari and elsewhere dialectal) dam, dike


ایالات متحده آمریکا

head

اِیالاتِ مُتَّحِدهٔ آمْریکا

اِیالاتِ مُتَّحِدهٔ آمْریکا • (eyâlât-e mottahede-ye âmrikâ)

fa-proper noun

اِیالاتِ مُتَّحِدهٔ آمْریکا

اِیالاتِ مُتَّحِدهٔ آمْریکا (canonical)
eyâlât-e mottahede-ye âmrikâ (romanization)
اِیالاتِ مُتَّحِدهی آمْریکا (alternative)

[ʔi.jɑː.lɑ́ː.t̪ʰɪ mʊt̪.t̪ʰä.ɦɪ.d̪ǽ.jɪ ʔɑːm.ɾiː.kʰɑː]

[ʔi.jɑː.lɑ́ː.t̪ʰɪ mʊt̪.t̪ʰä.jɪ.d̪ǽ.jɪ ʔɑːm.ɾiː.kʰɑː]

[ʔi.jɔː.lɔ́ː.t̪ʰi mut̪.t̪ʰä.ji.d̪ǽ.ji ʔɔːm.ɾi.kʰɔː]

[ʔi.jɒː.lɒ́ː.t̪ʰe mot̪.t̪ʰæ.ɦe.ˈd̪e.je ʔɒːm.ɹiː.kʰɒː]

[ʔi.jɔ.lɔ́.t̪ʰi mut̪.t̪ʰä.ɦi.d̪ǽ.ji ʔɔm.ɾi.kʰɔ]

اِیَالَاتِ مُتَّحِدَهٔ اَمْرِیکَا
ایالات متحده امریکا#Persian

(in Dari) misspelling of اِیَالَاتِ مُتَّحِدَهٔ اَمْرِیکَا


مگر

مَگَر (canonical)
magar (romanization)
می (alternative dialectal)
مگه (alternative colloquial)

From Middle Persian 𐭠𐭫 𐭧𐭲 (ʾl ḥt /ma agar/, “perhaps; lest”), from 𐭠𐭫 (ʾl /ma/, “do not”) + 𐭧𐭲 (ḥt /agar/, “if”).

inh

برف منظرۀ طبیعت را خیلی زیبا میسازد، مگر هوا را خیلی سرد میسازد.

barf manzara-yi tabī'at rā xaylē zēbā mēsāzad, magar hawā rā xaylē sard mēsāzad.

Snow makes the scenery of nature very beautiful, but [it also] makes the air very cold.

زود میآمد که دردم را دوا سازد مگر
باز گشت از در بچشم در فشان مسکین طبیب

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 113:

He had come early to cure my pain, but
The helpless physician turned back from the door with eyes strewing pearls [metaphor: teardrops].

zūd mē-āmad ki dardam rā dawā sāzad magar
bāz gašt az dar ba-čašm-i durr fišān miskīn tabīb

(chiefly Dari, Indo-Persian) but; however


یخ

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: यख़ (yax)

Urdu: یخ (yax)

From Proto-Iranian *Háyxam, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-.
Compare Ossetian их (ix), Pashto يخ (yax), Lithuanian ýnis (“glazed frost”), Russian и́ней (ínej, “hoarfrost”), Ossetian ех (ex, “ice”), German Eis, English ice.


انگریز

fa-noun

انگریز • (angrēz)

Etymology tree
Hindi अंग्रेज़ (aṅgrez)bor.
Proto-Germanic *angliz
Old English Engle
Proto-Indo-European *-iskos
Proto-Germanic *-iskaz
Proto-West Germanic *-isk
Old English -isċ
Old English Englisċder.
Portuguese inglêsbor.
Urdu اَن٘گْریز (aṅgrez)bor.
Persian انگریز
Borrowed from Hindustani اَن٘گْریز / अंग्रेज़ (aṅgrez).


کالا

fa-noun

کالا • (kâlâ) (plural کالاها)


میزان

head

میزان • (mizân)

fa-proper noun

میزان • (mizân)

(Dari and dated elsewhere) Mizan, the seventh month of the solar Persian calendar.


صباح

head

صباح • (sabāh /sabâh) (Tajik spelling сабоҳ)

sabāh (romanization)
sabâh (romanization)
spelling сабоҳ (Tajik)

(chiefly Dari or Eastern Iran, usually colloquial) tomorrow


صباح

fa-noun

صباح • (sabāh / sabâh) (Tajik spelling сабоҳ)


مکتب

مکتب • (maktab) (plural مکتبها, or مکاتب (makâteb))

من بدون خواهرم به مکتب نمیروم.

man bidûn-i xâhar-am ba maktab na-mê-rawam.

I'm not going to school without my sister.


جنس

جنس • (jens) (plural اجناس (ajnâs), or جنسها (jens-hâ))

A generic noun:
(especially Dari) thing (in general)


بلی

tlb

(Dari and Classical Persian spelling, dated or literary in Iran)

balê (romanization)
bali (romanization)
بله (alternative)

Dari: بلی (balē)

desc

Iranian Persian: بله (bale), بلی (bali) (literary)

Tajik: бале (bale)

→ Azerbaijani: bəli

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: بلی (bali)
Turkish: beli

Urdu: بلے (balē)

Borrowed from Arabic بَلَى (balā). For the vowel change in Classical Persian compare لیکِن (lēkin), from Arabic لَٰكِن (lākin).


اکتوبر

head

اکتوبر • (aktōbar)

fa-proper noun

اکتوبر • (aktōbar)


اگست

→? Urdu: اگست (agast)


آچار

fa-noun

آچار • (āčār)

→ Gulf Arabic: اچار (ačār)

→ Yemeni Arabic: عُشَّار (ʕuššār)

→ Bengali: আচার (acar)

→ Bhojpuri:

desc

Devanagari script: अचार (acār), अचाँर (acā̃r)

Kaithi script: 𑂃𑂒𑂰𑂩 (acār), 𑂃𑂒𑂰𑂀𑂩 (acā̃r)

→ Gujarati: આચાર (ācār), અચાર (acār)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: अचार (acār), आचार (ācār)

Urdu: اچار (acār), آچار (ācār)

→ Madurese: ꦲꦕꦂ (acar)

→ Malay: acar

Indonesian: acar

→ Spanish: achara

→ Cebuano: atsara

→ English: atchara, achara, atsara

→ Hiligaynon: atsara

→ Tagalog: atsara

→ Malayalam: അച്ചാർ (accāṟ)

→ Nepali: अचार (acār)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਅਚਾਰ (acār)

Shahmukhi script: اچار (acār)

→ Sindhi: آچار (ācār)

→ Swahili: achari, achali

→ Tamil: அச்சார் (accār)

cog

Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾp̄cʾl, ʾp̄zʾl /abzār/, “instrument, means; spice”)

[ʔaː.ˈt͡ʃaːɾ]

[ʔɑː.t͡ʃʰɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔɑː.t͡ʃʰɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔɑː.t͡ʃʰɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔɔː.t͡ʃʰɔ́ːɾ]

[ʔɒː.t͡ʃʰɒ́ːɹ]

[ʔɔ.t͡ʃʰɔ́ɾ]


اپریل

head

اپریل • (aprēl)

fa-proper noun

اپریل • (aprēl)

Borrowed from English April, possibly via Pashto or Urdu اپریل.


الماری

fa-noun

الماری • (almārī)

[ʔäl.mɑː.ɾíː]

Ultimately borrowed from Portuguese armário, from Latin armārium. Likely via Pashto and Urdu الماری.


چوری

چوری • (čûrî)

Borrowed from Hindustani چوڑی / चूड़ी (cūṛī).

[t͡ʃuː.ˈɾiː]

[t͡ʃʰuː.ɾíː]

[t͡ʃʰuː.ɾíː]

[t͡ʃʰuː.ɾíː]

[t͡ʃʰuː.ɹíː]


گلابی

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: गुलाबी (gulābī)

Urdu: گلابی

→ Kannada: ಗುಲಾಬಿ (gulābi)

→ Marathi: गुलाबी (gulābī)

→ Nepali: गुलाबी (gulābī)

→ Pashto: ګلابي

[ɡʊ.lɑː.bíː]

[ɡʊ.lɑː.bíː]

[ɡʊ.lɑː.bíː]

Etymology tree
Proto-Iranian *wardah
Old Persian *vr̥dah
Middle Persian gwl
Classical Persian گُل (gul)
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́ps
Proto-Iranian *Hā́fš
Old Persian 𐎠𐎱𐎡𐎹𐎠 (a-p-i-y-a)
Middle Persian ʾp̄
Classical Persian آب (āb)
Classical Persian گُلَاب (gulāb)
Proto-Indo-European *-kos
Proto-Indo-Iranian *-kas
Old Persian -𐎡𐎣 (-i-k)
Classical Persian ـِی (-ī)
Persian گلابی
گلاب (gulāb, “rosewater”) + ـی (-ī, “adjective forming suffix”), in reference to the pink color of rosewater.

etymon

fa:صورتی fa:گلابی


آش

→ Gulf Arabic: آش (āš)

desc

→ English: aush, aash, āsh, ash, āshe, ashe, osh

Perhaps from a Turkic language, see Proto-Common Turkic *aš, however there seems to be an unexplained mismatch in vowel length.
Compare Azerbaijani aş, Bashkir аш (aş), Yakut ас (as).
Alternatively, inherited from Middle Persian [Term?] (/āš/), a hapax legomenon found in the Vendidad, although this word is claimed to be misread.
Connections with Sanskrit आश (āśa, “food”) are also sometimes proposed, but the correspondance would not be regular.

(Iran, Dari) aush (thick Persian-style soup)


سر

→ Hindustani:

→ Hindi: सर (sar)

→ Urdu: سر (sar)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: سر (ser)
> Turkish: ser (inherited)
→ Arabic: سَر (sar)

→? Pashto: سر (sar)

From Middle Persian 𐭫𐭥𐭩𐭱𐭤 (LOYŠE /sar/), from Proto-Iranian *cŕ̥Hah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćŕ̥Has, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-; see there for further information.

«کلید من از کجاست» «آن سر میز است»

“kilīd-i man az kujā-st” “ān sar-i mēz ast”

«کلی مه از کجایه؟» «او سر میزه»

“kilī-yi ma az kuja-ya?” “ū sar-i mēz-a”

"where are my keys?" "they are on the table"


بچه

fa-noun

بَچه or بَچّه • (bače or bačče) (plural بچگان (bačegân), or بچهها)

بَچه (canonical)
بَچّه (canonical)
bače (romanization)
bačče (romanization)
بچگان (plural)
بچهها (plural)
بچه (singular)
بچهها، بچها (bače-hấ, bačeấ^△) (colloquial plural)
بچه را، بچه رو (bačé râ, bačá ro^△) (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
بچهٔ (ezafe singular)
بچههای، بچهای (bače-hấ-ye, bačeấ-ye^△) (colloquial ezafe plural)
بچهای (definite relative singular)
بچهای (indefinite singular stressed)
بچهام، بچم (bačé-am, bačám^△) (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
بچههایم، بچههام (bače-hấyam, bačeấm^△) (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
بچهات، بچت (bačé-at, bačát^△) (colloquial second-person singular)
بچههایت، بچههات (bače-hấyat, bačeất^△) (colloquial second-person singular)
بچهاش، بچش (bačé-aš, bačáš^△) (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
بچههایش، بچههاش (bače-hấyaš, bačeấš^△) (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
گوچه (alternative)

→ Khalaj: bəççə

[bät͡ʃ.t͡ʃʰä]

[bät͡ʃ.t͡ʃʰä]

[bät͡ʃ.t͡ʃʰä]

[bät͡ʃ.t͡ʃʰä]

[bät͡ʃ.t͡ʃʰä]

From Middle Persian wck' (wačag, “child, baby, cub”), from Proto-Iranian *wacáh (“calf”).


سبزی

fa-noun

سبزی • (sabzi) (plural سبزیجات (sabzijât), or سبزیها)

sabzi (romanization)
سبزیجات (plural)
سبزیها (plural)

→ Bengali: সবজি (śoboji)

→ Gujarati: સબજી (sabjī)

→ Hindustani:

→ Hindi: सब्ज़ी (sabzī)

→ Urdu: سَبْزِی (sabzī)

→ Kazakh: сәбіз (säbız)

→ Kyrgyz: сабиз (sabiz)

→ Odia: ସବୁଜି (sabuji)

→ Ottoman Turkish: سبزه (sebze)

→ Turkish: sebze

→ Punjabi:

→ Gurmukhi script: ਸਬਜ਼ੀ (sabzī)

→ Shahmukhi script: سَبْزِی (sabzī)

→ Uyghur: سەۋزە (sewze)

→ Uzbek: sabzi


گلاب

گلاب • (golâb)

golâb (romanization)
گلاو (alternative colloquial)

desctree

→ Arabic: جُلَاب (julāb)
→ Aragonese: julepe
→ Asturian: xulepe
→ Byzantine Greek: ζουλάπιν (zoulápin)
→ English: julep
→ French: julep
→ Russian: щуле́пъ (ščulép), шуле́пъ (šulép, “a kind of gingerbread”)
→ Georgian: ჯულაბი (ǯulabi)
→ Gujarati: જુલાબ (julāb), જુલ્લાબ (jullāb)
→ Italian: giulebbe, giulebbo (archaic)
→ Maltese: ġulepp, ġlepp
→ Middle Armenian: ճուլապ (čulap), ճուլլապ (čullap)
→ Old Catalan: julep
Catalan: julep
→ Old Galician-Portuguese: jalepe
→ Portuguese: julepe, julepo
→ Old Spanish: julepe
Spanish: julepe
→ Sicilian: gileppu, cileppu

→ Azerbaijani: gülab

→ Gujarati: ગુલાબ (gulāb)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: गुलाब (gulāb)

Urdu: گُلاب (gulāb)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਗੁਲਾਬ (gulāb)

Shahmukhi script: گلاب (gulāb)

desc

гуля́фная вода́

→ Russian: гуля́фная вода́ (guljáfnaja vodá), гуля́ф (guljáf)

→ Thai: กุหลาบ (gù-làap)

→ Uzbek: gulob

[ɡ̥o.lɒ́ːb̥]

From گل (gol, “rose”) + آب (âb, “water”).


صاحب

fa-noun

صاحِب • (sâheb) (plural صاحبان, or صاحبها)

صاحِب (canonical)
sâheb (romanization)
صاحبان (plural)
صاحبها (plural)

→ Bengali: সাহেব (śaheb), সাব (śab)

→ Gujarati: સાહેબ (sāheb)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: साहिब (sāhib), साहब (sāhab)

Urdu: صاحب (sāhib, sāhab, sāhb, sāb)

→ Marathi: साहेब (sāheb)

→ Punjabi: ਸਾਹਬ / صاحب (sāhab)

→ Marwari: सायब (sāyab)

→ Uzbek: sohib

(Dari, Indo-Persian, very formal, otherwise dated) sir; mister; gentleman

Indo-Persian; otherwise dated; Indo-Persian; otherwise dated


دماغ

دماغ • (dimāġ / damâġ)

dimāġ (romanization)
damâġ (romanization)

→ Bengali: দেমাগ (demag)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दिमाग़ (dimāġ)

Urdu: دِمَاغ (dimāġ)

→ Khalaj: damâğ

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਦਿਮਾਗ਼ (dimāġ)

Shahmukhi script: دِمَاغ (dimāġ)

[d̪æ.mɒ́ːɢ̥]

Etymology tree
Proto-Afroasiatic *dam-
Proto-Semitic *dam-
Arabic دَم (dam)blend.
Proto-Semitic *muḫḫ-
Arabic مُخّ (muḵḵ)blend.
Arabic دِمَاغ (dimāḡ)bor.
Persian دماغ
Borrowed from Arabic دِمَاغ (dimāḡ, “brain”).

bor+

(Dari, Classical Persian or archaic) brain, conceit


نوامبر

نومبر نومبر#Persian

(Dari) alternative form of نومبر (novembar)


فهمیدن

fa-verb/new

فَهْمیدَن • (fahmidan) (present stem فَهْم (fahm))

فَهْمیدَن (canonical)
fahmidan (romanization)
فَهْم (present stem)
فهمیدن (infinitive)
فهم (present stem)
فهمید (past stem)
فهمنده (participle present)
فهمیده (participle past)
فهمم (aorist first-person indicative singular)
فهمی (aorist indicative second-person singular)
فهمد (aorist indicative singular third-person)
فهمیم (aorist first-person indicative plural)
فهمید (aorist indicative plural second-person)
فهمند (aorist indicative plural third-person)
میفهمم (first-person indicative present singular)
میفهمی (indicative present second-person singular)
میفهمد (indicative present singular third-person)
میفهمیم (first-person indicative plural present)
میفهمید (indicative plural present second-person)
میفهمند (indicative plural present third-person)
دارم میفهمم (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
داری میفهمی (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
دارد میفهمد (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
داریم میفهمیم (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
دارید میفهمید (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
دارند میفهمند (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
فهمیدهام (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
فهمیدهای (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
فهمیده است (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
فهمیدهایم (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
فهمیدهاید (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
فهمیدهاند (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
فهمیدم (first-person indicative past singular)
فهمیدی (indicative past second-person singular)
فهمید (indicative past singular third-person)
فهمیدیم (first-person indicative past plural)
فهمیدید (indicative past plural second-person)
فهمیدند (indicative past plural third-person)
میفهمیدم (first-person indicative past singular)
میفهمیدی (indicative past second-person singular)
میفهمید (indicative past singular third-person)
میفهمیدیم (first-person indicative past plural)
میفهمیدید (indicative past plural second-person)
میفهمیدند (indicative past plural third-person)
داشتم میفهمیدم (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
داشتی میفهمیدی (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
داشت میفهمید (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
داشتیم میفهمیدیم (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
داشتید میفهمیدید (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
داشتند میفهمیدند (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
فهمیده بودم (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
فهمیده بودی (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
فهمیده بود (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
فهمیده بودیم (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
فهمیده بودید (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
فهمیده بودند (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
خواهم فهمید (first-person future indicative singular)
خواهی فهمید (future indicative second-person singular)
خواهد فهمید (future indicative singular third-person)
خواهیم فهمید (first-person future indicative plural)
خواهید فهمید (future indicative plural second-person)
خواهند فهمید (future indicative plural third-person)
بفهمم (first-person present singular subjunctive)
بفهمی (present second-person singular subjunctive)
بفهمد (present singular subjunctive third-person)
بفهمیم (first-person plural present subjunctive)
بفهمید (plural present second-person subjunctive)
بفهمند (plural present subjunctive third-person)
فهمیده باشم (first-person past singular subjunctive)
فهمیده باشی (past second-person singular subjunctive)
فهمیده باشد (past singular subjunctive third-person)
فهمیده باشیم (first-person past plural subjunctive)
فهمیده باشید (past plural second-person subjunctive)
فهمیده باشند (past plural subjunctive third-person)
بفهم (imperative second-person singular)
بفهمید (imperative plural second-person)
فهمیدن (infinitive)
فهم (present stem)
فهمید (past stem)
فهمنده (participle present)
فهمیده (participle past)
فهمم (aorist first-person indicative singular)
فهمی (aorist indicative second-person singular)
فهمه (aorist indicative singular third-person)
فهمیم (aorist first-person indicative plural)
فهمین (aorist indicative plural second-person)
فهمن (aorist indicative plural third-person)
میفهمم (first-person indicative present singular)
میفهمی (indicative present second-person singular)
میفهمه (indicative present singular third-person)
میفهمیم (first-person indicative plural present)
میفهمین (indicative plural present second-person)
میفهمن (indicative plural present third-person)
دارم میفهمم (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
داری میفهمی (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
داره میفهمه (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
داریم میفهمیم (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
دارین میفهمین (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
دارن میفهمن (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
فهمیدهام (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
فهمیدهای (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
فهمیده (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
فهمیدهایم (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
فهمیدهاین (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
فهمیدهان (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
فهمیدم (first-person indicative past singular)
فهمیدی (indicative past second-person singular)
فهمید (indicative past singular third-person)
فهمیدیم (first-person indicative past plural)
فهمیدین (indicative past plural second-person)
فهمیدن (indicative past plural third-person)
میفهمیدم (first-person indicative past singular)
میفهمیدی (indicative past second-person singular)
میفهمید (indicative past singular third-person)
میفهمیدیم (first-person indicative past plural)
میفهمیدین (indicative past plural second-person)
میفهمیدن (indicative past plural third-person)
داشتم میفهمیدم (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
داشتی میفهمیدی (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
داشت میفهمید (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
داشتیم میفهمیدیم (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
داشتین میفهمیدین (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
داشتن میفهمیدن (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
فهمیده بودم (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
فهمیده بودی (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
فهمیده بود (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
فهمیده بودیم (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
فهمیده بودین (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
فهمیده بودن (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
بفهمم (first-person present singular subjunctive)
بفهمی (present second-person singular subjunctive)
بفهمه (present singular subjunctive third-person)
بفهمیم (first-person plural present subjunctive)
بفهمین (plural present second-person subjunctive)
بفهمن (plural present subjunctive third-person)
فهمیده باشم (first-person past singular subjunctive)
فهمیده باشی (past second-person singular subjunctive)
فهمیده باشه (past singular subjunctive third-person)
فهمیده باشیم (first-person past plural subjunctive)
فهمیده باشین (past plural second-person subjunctive)
فهمیده باشن (past plural subjunctive third-person)
بفهم (imperative second-person singular)
بفهمین (imperative plural second-person)
فهمیدن (infinitive)
فهم (present stem)
فهمید (past stem)
فهمنده (participle present)
فهمیده (participle past)
فهمم (aorist first-person indicative singular)
فهمی (aorist indicative second-person singular)
فهمد (aorist indicative singular third-person)
فهمیم (aorist first-person indicative plural)
فهمید (aorist indicative plural second-person)
فهمند (aorist indicative plural third-person)
میفهمم (first-person indicative present singular)
میفهمی (indicative present second-person singular)
میفهمد (indicative present singular third-person)
میفهمیم (first-person indicative plural present)
میفهمید (indicative plural present second-person)
میفهمند (indicative plural present third-person)
در حال فهمیدن استم (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
در حال فهمیدن استی (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
در حال فهمیدن است (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
در حال فهمیدن استیم (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
در حال فهمیدن استید (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
در حال فهمیدن استند (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
فهمیدهام (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
فهمیدهای (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
فهمیدهاست (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
فهمیدهایم (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
فهمیدهاید (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
فهمیدهاند (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
فهمیدم (first-person indicative past singular)
فهمیدی (indicative past second-person singular)
فهمید (indicative past singular third-person)
فهمیدیم (first-person indicative past plural)
فهمیدید (indicative past plural second-person)
فهمیدند (indicative past plural third-person)
میفهمیدم (first-person indicative past singular)
میفهمیدی (indicative past second-person singular)
میفهمید (indicative past singular third-person)
میفهمیدیم (first-person indicative past plural)
میفهمیدید (indicative past plural second-person)
میفهمیدند (indicative past plural third-person)
در حال فهمیدن بودم (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
در حال فهمیدن بودی (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
در حال فهمیدن بود (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
در حال فهمیدن بودیم (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
در حال فهمیدن بودید (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
در حال فهمیدن بودند (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
فهمیده بودم (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
فهمیده بودی (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
فهمیده بود (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
فهمیده بودیم (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
فهمیده بودید (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
فهمیده بودند (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
خواهم فهمید (first-person future indicative singular)
خواهی فهمید (future indicative second-person singular)
خواهد فهمید (future indicative singular third-person)
خواهیم فهمید (first-person future indicative plural)
خواهید فهمید (future indicative plural second-person)
خواهند فهمید (future indicative plural third-person)
بفهمم (first-person present singular subjunctive)
بفهمی (present second-person singular subjunctive)
بفهمد (present singular subjunctive third-person)
بفهمیم (first-person plural present subjunctive)
بفهمید (plural present second-person subjunctive)
بفهمند (plural present subjunctive third-person)
فهمیده باشم (first-person past singular subjunctive)
فهمیده باشی (past second-person singular subjunctive)
فهمیده باشد (past singular subjunctive third-person)
فهمیده باشیم (first-person past plural subjunctive)
فهمیده باشید (past plural second-person subjunctive)
فهمیده باشند (past plural subjunctive third-person)
بفهم (imperative second-person singular)
بفهمید (imperative plural second-person)
فامیدن (infinitive)
فام (present stem)
فامید (past stem)
فامنده (participle present)
فامیده (participle past)
فامم (aorist first-person indicative singular)
فامی (aorist indicative second-person singular)
فامه (aorist indicative singular third-person)
فامیم (aorist first-person indicative plural)
فامین (aorist indicative plural second-person)
فامن (aorist indicative plural third-person)
میفامم (first-person indicative present singular)
میفامی (indicative present second-person singular)
میفامه (indicative present singular third-person)
میفامیم (first-person indicative plural present)
میفامین (indicative plural present second-person)
میفامن (indicative plural present third-person)
ده آل فامیدن استم (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
ده آل فامیدن استی (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
ده آل فامیدن است (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
ده آل فامیدن استیم (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
ده آل فامیدن استین (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
ده آل فامیدن استن (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
فامیدم (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
فامیدی (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
فامیداست (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
فامیدیم (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
فامیدین (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
فامیدن (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
فامیدم (first-person indicative past singular)
فامیدی (indicative past second-person singular)
فامیده (indicative past singular third-person)
فامیدیم (first-person indicative past plural)
فامیدین (indicative past plural second-person)
فامیدن (indicative past plural third-person)
میفامیدم (first-person indicative past singular)
میفامیدی (indicative past second-person singular)
میفامیده (indicative past singular third-person)
میفامیدیم (first-person indicative past plural)
میفامیدین (indicative past plural second-person)
میفامیدن (indicative past plural third-person)
ده آل فامیدن بودم (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
ده آل فامیدن بودی (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
ده آل فامیدن بود (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
ده آل فامیدن بودیم (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
ده آل فامیدن بودین (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
ده آل فامیدن بودن (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
فامیده بودم (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
فامیده بودی (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
فامیده بوده (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
فامیده بودیم (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
فامیده بودین (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
فامیده بودن (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
خوایم فامید (first-person future indicative singular)
خوایی فامید (future indicative second-person singular)
خوایه فامید (future indicative singular third-person)
خواییم فامید (first-person future indicative plural)
خوایین فامید (future indicative plural second-person)
خواین فامید (future indicative plural third-person)
بفامم (first-person present singular subjunctive)
بفامی (present second-person singular subjunctive)
بفامه (present singular subjunctive third-person)
بفامیم (first-person plural present subjunctive)
بفامین (plural present second-person subjunctive)
بفامن (plural present subjunctive third-person)
فامیده باشم (first-person past singular subjunctive)
فامیده باشی (past second-person singular subjunctive)
فامیده باشه (past singular subjunctive third-person)
فامیده باشیم (first-person past plural subjunctive)
فامیده باشین (past plural second-person subjunctive)
فامیده باشن (past plural subjunctive third-person)
بفام (imperative second-person singular)
بفامین (imperative plural second-person)

fa-conj-head

Conjugation of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">فهمیدن</i> (literary Iranian Persian)

داشتیم میفهمیدیم

داشتم میفهمیدم

داشتید میفهمیدید

داشتی میفهمیدی

داشتند میفهمیدند

داشت میفهمید

داریم میفهمیم

دارید میفهمید

دارند میفهمند

فهمیده بودیم

فهمیده بودید

فهمیده بودند

خواهیم فهمید

خواهید فهمید

خواهند فهمید

فهمیده باشیم

فهمیده باشید

فهمیده باشند

fa-conj-colloq-head

Conjugation of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">فهمیدن</i> (colloquial Tehrani)

داشتیم میفهمیدیم

داشتم میفهمیدم

داشتین میفهمیدین

داشتی میفهمیدی

داشتن میفهمیدن

داشت میفهمید

داریم میفهمیم

دارین میفهمین

فهمیده بودیم

فهمیده بودین

فهمیده باشیم

فهمیده باشین

fa-conj-head

Conjugation of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">فهمیدن</i> (literary Dari Persian)

در حال فهمیدن بودیم

در حال فهمیدن بودم

در حال فهمیدن بودید

در حال فهمیدن بودی

در حال فهمیدن بودند

در حال فهمیدن بود

در حال فهمیدن استیم

در حال فهمیدن استم

در حال فهمیدن استید

در حال فهمیدن استی

در حال فهمیدن استند

در حال فهمیدن است

فهمیده بودیم

فهمیده بودید

فهمیده بودند

خواهیم فهمید

خواهید فهمید

خواهند فهمید

فهمیده باشیم

فهمیده باشید

fahmīdá bā́šī

فهمیده باشند

Conjugation of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">فامیدن</i> (colloquial Kabuli)

ده آل فامیدن بودیم

ده آل فامیدن بودم

ده آل فامیدن بودین

ده آل فامیدن بودی

ده آل فامیدن بودن

ده آل فامیدن بود

ده آل فامیدن استیم

ده آل فامیدن استم

ده آل فامیدن استین

ده آل فامیدن استی

ده آل فامیدن استن

ده آل فامیدن است

فامیده بودیم

fāmīdá bū́dēm

فامیده بودین

fāmīdá bū́dēn

fāmīdá bū́dī

خواییم فامید

خوایین فامید

فامیده باشیم

fāmīdá bā́šēm

fāmīdá bā́šam

فامیده باشین

fāmīdá bā́šēn

fāmīdá bā́šī

fāmīdá bā́šan

fāmīdá bā́ša

فهم (fahm) + ـیدن (-idan), from Arabic فَهْم (fahm). Compare Central Kurdish فامین (famîn), فام کردن (fam kirdin), Northern Kurdish fehm kirin, Southern Kurdish فەهمین (fehmîn), Zazaki fam kerden.


حمام

fa-noun

حَمّام • (hammâm)

حَمّام (canonical)
hammâm (romanization)


هلو

head

هلو • (halô)


گیلاس

fa-noun

گیلاس • (gilâs or gêlâs) (plural گیلاسها (gilâs-hâ))

gilâs (romanization)
gêlâs (romanization)
گیلاسها (plural)

Borrowed from Hindustani گلاس / गिलास (gilās), from English glass.

یَک گیلاس اَو بالایِ میز است


را

râ (romanization)
رو (alternative)
ره (alternative)
و (alternative)
ه (alternative)

From Middle Persian lʾd (rāy), from Old Persian 𐎼𐎠𐎭 (ra-a-da, rād, “cause, reason, because of, due to”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- (“to fit together”).

inh

خدا را شکر.

او را گفتم.

(Dari, Tajik, dated in Iran) to; indicates that the preceding noun phrase is an indirect object.


مالیه

Borrowed from Arabic مَالِيَّة (māliyya).


باز

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾpʾc), 𐫀𐫁𐫀𐫝 (ʾbʾc /abāz/, “back, again, re-”), from Proto-Iranian *apāča- (“back”), derived from Proto-Iranian *apānk- (“behind”), from Proto-Iranian *Hápa (“off, away”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hápa (“off, away”).
Less likely, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰe (instrumental particle) + *-ǵʰs (“out”), and cognate with Sanskrit बहिस् (bahis, “out, aside from”).


ژاله

fa-noun

ژاله • (žâle)

→ Gujarati: ઝાલા (jhālā)

→ Turkish: jale

→ Urdu: ژالہ (žāla)

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰelh₂d- (“ice”). Cognate with Ancient Greek χάλαζα (khálaza).


چکر

[t͡ʃʰä.kʰäɾ]

[t͡ʃʰä.kʰäɾ]

[t͡ʃʰä.kʰäɾ]

[t͡ʃʰä.kʰäɾ]


شادی

(Dari and elsewhere dialectal) monkey, ape


کیک

kayk (romanization)
کچک (alternative)
گیک (alternative)

→ Ottoman Turkish: كیك (keyk)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kdyk' /kayk/), 𐫐𐫏𐫐 (kyk /kayk/), from Proto-Iranian *kā́ykiH. Compare Semnani کیگ (keyg, “flea”), Northern Kurdish kêç (“flea”), Talysh kek (“flea”), Zazaki kekı (“flea”), Central Kurdish کێچ (kêç, “flea”).


چی

či (romanization)
چه (alternative formal literary standard)

From Middle Persian 𐭬𐭤 (čē [ME], “what, which”).

راجع به هر چی فکر کرده بودم، راجع به مردن فکر نکرده بودم.

râje' be har či fekr karde budam, râje' be mordan fekr nakarde budam.

Whatever I had thought about, I hadn't thought about dying.

(interrogative, colloquial, in formal prose dated or Dari) what?


می

may (romanization)
mē (romanization)
mey (romanization)


پله

fa-noun

پله • (pelle) (plural پلهها (pelle-hâ), or پلکان (pellekân), or پلگان (pellegân))

→ Azerbaijani: pillə

→ Uzbek: pilla, pillapoya

desc

→ Uyghur: پەللە (pelle), پەلەمپەي (pelempey)

→ Georgian: ფილა (pila)

→ Armenian: փիլաքյան (pʻilakʻyan)

→ Azerbaijani: pilləkən

→ Georgian: ფილაქანი (pilakani)

→ Khalaj: pilləkân

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (plk(y) /pillag/), from Proto-Iranian [Term?], ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *ped- (“to walk, step”).


کالج

fa-noun

کالج • (kâlij)

[kʰɑː.lɪd͡ʒ]

[kʰɑː.lɪd͡ʒ]

[kʰɑː.lɪd͡ʒ]

Ultimately Borrowed from English college likely borrowed through intermediary languages such as Pashto or Urdu کالج


خرد

fa-adj

خرد • (xurd / xord) (comparative خردتَر, superlative خردتَرین)

xurd (romanization)
xord (romanization)
خردتَر (comparative)
خردتَرین (superlative)
خورد (alternative Iranian colloquial)

→ Ottoman Turkish: خرد (hurd)

→ Urdu: خرد (xurd)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (hwlt' /xwurd/, “little”), perhaps originally the past participle of [script needed] (hwltn' /xwardan/, “to eat”); for the semantic development, compare the derivation of Proto-West Germanic *biti (“bit”) from *bītan (“to bite”). Compare Talysh هرد (hərd), Northern Luri هیرد (hird); see خوردن (xwardan /xordan) for more on the root.

inh

(normal in Dari, archaic in Iran) little, small (in physical size)


کلان

fa-adj

کلان • (kalân) (comparative کلانتَر, superlative کلانتَرین)

kalân (romanization)
کلانتَر (comparative)
کلانتَرین (superlative)
کلون (alternative)

→ Azerbaijani: kalan

→ Uzbek: kalon

→ Urdu: کلاں (kalā̃)

[kʰʲæ.lɒ́ːn]

Borrowed from Parthian 𐫐𐫓𐫀𐫗 (klʾn /kalān/, “great, big; pure”). Related to Central Kurdish کەڵان (kellan, “big, great, giant”), کەڵە (kelle, “stud; male; male farm animal”) (as in کەڵەشێر (kelleşêr, “rooster”), کەڵەگا (kellega, “stud”)), Tat kələ (“great, big”) and the Armenian toponym Կաղանկատոյք (Kałankatoykʻ, literally “big habitation”). The ultimate origin is uncertain.


کژدم

každom (romanization)
کژدمها (plural)
کژدم (singular)
کژدمها، کژدما (každom-hấ, každomấ^△) (colloquial plural)
کژدم را، کژدم رو (každom râ, každomo^△) (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
کژدم (ezafe singular)
کژدمی (definite relative singular)
کژدمی (indefinite singular stressed)
کژدمم (first-person possessive singular)
کژدمت (každomat, každomet^△) (second-person singular)
کژدمش (každomaš, každomeš^△) (possessive singular third-person)
کژدمم (first-person singular)
کژدمیم (first-person plural)
کژدمی (second-person singular)
کژدمید، کژدمین (každomid, každomin^△) (colloquial plural second-person)
کژدم است، کژدمه (každom ast, každome^△) (colloquial singular third-person)
کژدمند، کژدمن (každomand, každoman^△) (colloquial plural third-person)
کجدم (alternative)
گَژدُم (alternative)
گَشدُم (alternative)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (gazdum). By surface analysis, کژ (kaž, “bent, crooked”) + دم (dom, “tail”). For the semantics compare Old Armenian կոր (kor). Compare Semnani گيژدم (giždom), Talysh کرژدوم (kırjdom).

surf

آدمی مر مار و کژدم را چه کرد
کاو همیخواهد مر او را مرگ و درد

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 230:

What was done by man to snake and scorpion
that they wish (to inflict) death and pain upon him?

ādamī mar mār u každum rā či kard
k-ō hamē-xwahad ō rā marg u dard

(chiefly Dari, Tajik; elsewhere dated) scorpion


دوربین

durbin (romanization)
دربین (alternative dialectal)

Tajik: дурбин (durbin)

desc

→ Arabic: دَرْبِين (darbīn), دَرْبِيل (darbīl, “telescope; binoculars”) (dialects)

→ Swahili: darubini (“telescope; binoculars”)

→ Armenian: դուրբին (durbin), դիրբին (dirbin), դուլբին (dulbin), դուլբուն (dulbun), տո̈ւլպո̈ւն (tülpün), դո̈ւրբո̈ւն (dürbün), տելբի (telbi), դիլպի (dilpi), դուլդուլ (duldul), տուլտոզ (tultoz), դօ̈լբինդ (dölbind)

→ Azerbaijani: durbin

→ Bengali: দূরবিন (durbin)

→ Georgian: დურბინდი (durbindi)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दूरबीन (dūrbīn)

Urdu: دوربین (dūrbīn)

→ Kazakh: дүрбі (dürbı)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: دوربین (dürbin, dürbün)
Turkish: dürbün
→ Albanian: dyrbi, dylbi
→ Macedonian: дурбин (durbin)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ду̀рбӣн, дурбисна (archaic)
Latin script: dùrbīn, durbisna (archaic)

→ Uyghur: دۇربۇن (durbun)

→ Uzbek: durbin

From دور (dur) + بین (bin). In the sense of a prospective glass, calque of Latin tēlescopum, tēlescopium, transmitted after this device was invented in Europe in the early 17ᵗʰ century by travellers to the East, which however makes it likely that this sense developed in the Ottoman Turkish vocabulary first.


برق

barq (romanization)
بلق (alternative Tehrani colloquial)

برق را داغ کن

(chiefly Dari) electric light (source of illumination)


آغا

âġâ (romanization)
آغای (alternative)
آغه (alternative)
آغی (alternative)
آقا (alternative)
آقای (alternative)

stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn (only in Iran)

Borrowed from Turkic. Compare Azerbaijani ağa.

but the latter is more common in Afghanistan

cases of word final ـا may be shortened to ـه

all family names ending in ـه may have an epenthetic ـی added

(chiefly Dari, Tajik, often endearing) a term for an older male: grandpa, father, brother


خالی

fa-adj

خالی • (xâli)

→ Assamese: খালী (khali)

→ Bengali: খালি (khali)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़ाली (xālī)

Urdu: خالی (xālī)

→ Phalura: xaalí, خالیۡ

→ Sylheti: ꠈꠣꠟꠤ (xáli)

→ Telugu: ఖాళీ (khāḷī)


مست

→ Azerbaijani: məst

→ Bengali: মস্ত (mosto)

→ English: musth

→ Gujarati: મસ્ત (mast)

→ Kazakh: мас (mas)

→ Marathi: masta

Devanagari script: मस्त

Modi script: 𑘦𑘭𑘿𑘝

→ Middle Hindi: مست (mst /mast/)

Hindustani: mast

Hindi: मस्त

Urdu: مَسْت

→ Old Punjabi: ਮਸਤੁ (masatu)

Punjabi: mast

Gurmukhi script: ਮਸਤ

Shahmukhi script: مَسْت

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *meh₂d-
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *matˢtás
Persian مست
From Middle Persian 𐭬𐭮𐭲 (mst /mast/, “drunk, bemused”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *matˢtás (“drunk, intoxicated”), from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂d- (“wet”). Cognate with Sanskrit मत्त (matta).

inh

آهنگ مست افغانی


میخک

→ Armenian: մեխակ (mexak)

→ Azerbaijani: mixək

→ Georgian: მიხაკი (mixaḳi)

From میخ (mix, “nail”) + ـک (-ak, “diminutive suffix”).


پاک کردن

pâk kardan (romanization)
پاک کردن (infinitive)
پاک کن (present stem)
پاک کرد (past stem)
پاک کننده (participle present)
پاک کرده (participle past)
پاک کنم (aorist first-person indicative singular)
پاک کنی (aorist indicative second-person singular)
پاک کند (aorist indicative singular third-person)
پاک کنیم (aorist first-person indicative plural)
پاک کنید (aorist indicative plural second-person)
پاک کنند (aorist indicative plural third-person)
پاک میکنم (first-person indicative present singular)
پاک میکنی (indicative present second-person singular)
پاک میکند (indicative present singular third-person)
پاک میکنیم (first-person indicative plural present)
پاک میکنید (indicative plural present second-person)
پاک میکنند (indicative plural present third-person)
دارم پاک میکنم (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
داری پاک میکنی (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
دارد پاک میکند (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
داریم پاک میکنیم (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
دارید پاک میکنید (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
دارند پاک میکنند (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
پاک کردهام (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
پاک کردهای (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
پاک کرده است (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
پاک کردهایم (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
پاک کردهاید (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
پاک کردهاند (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
پاک کردم (first-person indicative past singular)
پاک کردی (indicative past second-person singular)
پاک کرد (indicative past singular third-person)
پاک کردیم (first-person indicative past plural)
پاک کردید (indicative past plural second-person)
پاک کردند (indicative past plural third-person)
پاک میکردم (first-person indicative past singular)
پاک میکردی (indicative past second-person singular)
پاک میکرد (indicative past singular third-person)
پاک میکردیم (first-person indicative past plural)
پاک میکردید (indicative past plural second-person)
پاک میکردند (indicative past plural third-person)
داشتم پاک میکردم (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
داشتی پاک میکردی (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
داشت پاک میکرد (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
داشتیم پاک میکردیم (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
داشتید پاک میکردید (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
داشتند پاک میکردند (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
پاک کرده بودم (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
پاک کرده بودی (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
پاک کرده بود (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
پاک کرده بودیم (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
پاک کرده بودید (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
پاک کرده بودند (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
پاک خواهم کرد (first-person future indicative singular)
پاک خواهی کرد (future indicative second-person singular)
پاک خواهد کرد (future indicative singular third-person)
پاک خواهیم کرد (first-person future indicative plural)
پاک خواهید کرد (future indicative plural second-person)
پاک خواهند کرد (future indicative plural third-person)
پاک کنم (first-person present singular subjunctive)
پاک کنی (present second-person singular subjunctive)
پاک کند (present singular subjunctive third-person)
پاک کنیم (first-person plural present subjunctive)
پاک کنید (plural present second-person subjunctive)
پاک کنند (plural present subjunctive third-person)
پاک کرده باشم (first-person past singular subjunctive)
پاک کرده باشی (past second-person singular subjunctive)
پاک کرده باشد (past singular subjunctive third-person)
پاک کرده باشیم (first-person past plural subjunctive)
پاک کرده باشید (past plural second-person subjunctive)
پاک کرده باشند (past plural subjunctive third-person)
پاک کن (imperative second-person singular)
پاک کنید (imperative plural second-person)
پاک کدن (infinitive)
پاک کو (present stem)
پاک کد (past stem)
پاک کننده (participle present)
پاک کده (participle past)
پاک کنم (aorist first-person indicative singular)
پاک کنی (aorist indicative second-person singular)
پاک کنه (aorist indicative singular third-person)
پاک کنیم (aorist first-person indicative plural)
پاک کنین (aorist indicative plural second-person)
پاک کنن (aorist indicative plural third-person)
پاک میکنم (first-person indicative present singular)
پاک میکنی (indicative present second-person singular)
پاک میکنه (indicative present singular third-person)
پاک میکنیم (first-person indicative plural present)
پاک میکنین (indicative plural present second-person)
پاک میکنن (indicative plural present third-person)
دارم پاک میکنم (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
داری پاک میکنی (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
داره پاک میکنه (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
داریم پاک میکنیم (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
دارین پاک میکنین (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
دارن پاک میکنن (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
پاک کدم (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
پاک کدی (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
پاک کداست (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
پاک کدیم (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
پاک کدین (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
پاک کدن (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
پاک کدم (first-person indicative past singular)
پاک کدی (indicative past second-person singular)
پاک کده (indicative past singular third-person)
پاک کدیم (first-person indicative past plural)
پاک کدین (indicative past plural second-person)
پاک کدن (indicative past plural third-person)
پاک میکدم (first-person indicative past singular)
پاک میکدی (indicative past second-person singular)
پاک میکده (indicative past singular third-person)
پاک میکدیم (first-person indicative past plural)
پاک میکدین (indicative past plural second-person)
پاک میکدن (indicative past plural third-person)
داشتم پاک میکدم (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
داشتی پاک میکدی (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
داشته پاک میکده (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
داشتیم پاک میکدیم (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
داشتین پاک میکدین (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
داشتن پاک میکدن (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
پاک کده بودم (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
پاک کده بودی (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
پاک کده بوده (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
پاک کده بودیم (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
پاک کده بودین (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
پاک کده بودن (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
پاک خوایم کد (first-person future indicative singular)
پاک خوایی کد (future indicative second-person singular)
پاک خوایه کد (future indicative singular third-person)
پاک خواییم کد (first-person future indicative plural)
پاک خوایین کد (future indicative plural second-person)
پاک خواین کد (future indicative plural third-person)
پاک کنم (first-person present singular subjunctive)
پاک کنی (present second-person singular subjunctive)
پاک کنه (present singular subjunctive third-person)
پاک کنیم (first-person plural present subjunctive)
پاک کنین (plural present second-person subjunctive)
پاک کنن (plural present subjunctive third-person)
پاک کده باشم (first-person past singular subjunctive)
پاک کده باشی (past second-person singular subjunctive)
پاک کده باشه (past singular subjunctive third-person)
پاک کده باشیم (first-person past plural subjunctive)
پاک کده باشین (past plural second-person subjunctive)
پاک کده باشن (past plural subjunctive third-person)
پاک کو (imperative second-person singular)
پاک کنین (imperative plural second-person)
پاک کردن (infinitive)
پاک کن (present stem)
پاک کرد (past stem)
پاک کننده (participle present)
پاک کرده (participle past)
پاک کنم (aorist first-person indicative singular)
پاک کنی (aorist indicative second-person singular)
پاک کند (aorist indicative singular third-person)
پاک کنیم (aorist first-person indicative plural)
پاک کنید (aorist indicative plural second-person)
پاک کنند (aorist indicative plural third-person)
پاک میکنم (first-person indicative present singular)
پاک میکنی (indicative present second-person singular)
پاک میکند (indicative present singular third-person)
پاک میکنیم (first-person indicative plural present)
پاک میکنید (indicative plural present second-person)
پاک میکنند (indicative plural present third-person)
دارم پاک میکنم (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
داری پاک میکنی (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
دارد پاک میکند (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
داریم پاک میکنیم (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
دارید پاک میکنید (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
دارند پاک میکنند (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
پاک کردهام (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
پاک کردهای (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
پاک کرده است (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
پاک کردهایم (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
پاک کردهاید (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
پاک کردهاند (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
پاک کردم (first-person indicative past singular)
پاک کردی (indicative past second-person singular)
پاک کرد (indicative past singular third-person)
پاک کردیم (first-person indicative past plural)
پاک کردید (indicative past plural second-person)
پاک کردند (indicative past plural third-person)
پاک میکردم (first-person indicative past singular)
پاک میکردی (indicative past second-person singular)
پاک میکرد (indicative past singular third-person)
پاک میکردیم (first-person indicative past plural)
پاک میکردید (indicative past plural second-person)
پاک میکردند (indicative past plural third-person)
داشتم پاک میکردم (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
داشتی پاک میکردی (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
داشت پاک میکرد (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
داشتیم پاک میکردیم (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
داشتید پاک میکردید (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
داشتند پاک میکردند (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
پاک کرده بودم (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
پاک کرده بودی (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
پاک کرده بود (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
پاک کرده بودیم (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
پاک کرده بودید (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
پاک کرده بودند (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
پاک خواهم کرد (first-person future indicative singular)
پاک خواهی کرد (future indicative second-person singular)
پاک خواهد کرد (future indicative singular third-person)
پاک خواهیم کرد (first-person future indicative plural)
پاک خواهید کرد (future indicative plural second-person)
پاک خواهند کرد (future indicative plural third-person)
پاک کنم (first-person present singular subjunctive)
پاک کنی (present second-person singular subjunctive)
پاک کند (present singular subjunctive third-person)
پاک کنیم (first-person plural present subjunctive)
پاک کنید (plural present second-person subjunctive)
پاک کنند (plural present subjunctive third-person)
پاک کرده باشم (first-person past singular subjunctive)
پاک کرده باشی (past second-person singular subjunctive)
پاک کرده باشد (past singular subjunctive third-person)
پاک کرده باشیم (first-person past plural subjunctive)
پاک کرده باشید (past plural second-person subjunctive)
پاک کرده باشند (past plural subjunctive third-person)
پاک کن (imperative second-person singular)
پاک کنید (imperative plural second-person)
پاک کردن (infinitive)
پاک کن (present stem)
پاک کرد (past stem)
پاک کننده (participle present)
پاک کرده (participle past)
پاک کنم (aorist first-person indicative singular)
پاک کنی (aorist indicative second-person singular)
پاک کنه (aorist indicative singular third-person)
پاک کنیم (aorist first-person indicative plural)
پاک کنین (aorist indicative plural second-person)
پاک کنن (aorist indicative plural third-person)
پاک میکنم (first-person indicative present singular)
پاک میکنی (indicative present second-person singular)
پاک میکنه (indicative present singular third-person)
پاک میکنیم (first-person indicative plural present)
پاک میکنین (indicative plural present second-person)
پاک میکنن (indicative plural present third-person)
دارم پاک میکنم (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
داری پاک میکنی (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
داره پاک میکنه (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
داریم پاک میکنیم (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
دارین پاک میکنین (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
دارن پاک میکنن (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
پاک کردهام (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
پاک کردهای (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
پاک کرده (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
پاک کردهایم (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
پاک کردهاین (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
پاک کردهان (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
پاک کردم (first-person indicative past singular)
پاک کردی (indicative past second-person singular)
پاک کرد (indicative past singular third-person)
پاک کردیم (first-person indicative past plural)
پاک کردین (indicative past plural second-person)
پاک کردن (indicative past plural third-person)
پاک میکردم (first-person indicative past singular)
پاک میکردی (indicative past second-person singular)
پاک میکرد (indicative past singular third-person)
پاک میکردیم (first-person indicative past plural)
پاک میکردین (indicative past plural second-person)
پاک میکردن (indicative past plural third-person)
داشتم پاک میکردم (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
داشتی پاک میکردی (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
داشت پاک میکرد (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
داشتیم پاک میکردیم (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
داشتین پاک میکردین (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
داشتن پاک میکردن (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
پاک کرده بودم (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
پاک کرده بودی (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
پاک کرده بود (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
پاک کرده بودیم (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
پاک کرده بودین (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
پاک کرده بودن (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
پاک کنم (first-person present singular subjunctive)
پاک کنی (present second-person singular subjunctive)
پاک کنه (present singular subjunctive third-person)
پاک کنیم (first-person plural present subjunctive)
پاک کنین (plural present second-person subjunctive)
پاک کنن (plural present subjunctive third-person)
پاک کرده باشم (first-person past singular subjunctive)
پاک کرده باشی (past second-person singular subjunctive)
پاک کرده باشه (past singular subjunctive third-person)
پاک کرده باشیم (first-person past plural subjunctive)
پاک کرده باشین (past plural second-person subjunctive)
پاک کرده باشن (past plural subjunctive third-person)
پاک کن (imperative second-person singular)
پاک کنین (imperative plural second-person)

fa-conj-head

Conjugation of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">پاک کردن</i> (literary Dari Persian)

داشتیم پاک میکردیم

داشتم پاک میکردم

داشتید پاک میکردید

داشتی پاک میکردی

داشتند پاک میکردند

داشت پاک میکرد

داریم پاک میکنیم

دارم پاک میکنم

دارید پاک میکنید

داری پاک میکنی

دارند پاک میکنند

دارد پاک میکند

پاک کرده است

پاک کرده بودیم

پاک کرده بودم

پاک کرده بودید

پاک کرده بودی

پاک کرده بودند

پاک کرده بود

پاک خواهیم کرد

پاک خواهم کرد

پاک خواهید کرد

پاک خواهی کرد

پاک خواهند کرد

پاک خواهد کرد

پاک کرده باشیم

پاک کرده باشم

پاک کرده باشید

پاک کرده باشی

پاک کرده باشند

پاک کرده باشد

Conjugation of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">پاک کدن</i> (colloquial Kabuli)

داشتیم پاک میکدیم

داشتم پاک میکدم

داشتین پاک میکدین

داشتی پاک میکدی

داشتن پاک میکدن

داشته پاک میکده

داریم پاک میکنیم

دارم پاک میکنم

دارین پاک میکنین

داری پاک میکنی

دارن پاک میکنن

داره پاک میکنه

پاک کده بودیم

پاک کده بودم

پاک کده بودین

پاک کده بودی

پاک کده بودن

پاک کده بوده

پاک خواییم کد

پاک خوایم کد

پاک خوایین کد

پاک خوایی کد

پاک خواین کد

پاک خوایه کد

پاک کده باشیم

پاک کده باشم

پاک کده باشین

پاک کده باشی

pāk kadá bā́šī

پاک کده باشن

پاک کده باشه

Conjugation of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">پاک کردن</i> (literary Iranian Persian)

داشتیم پاک میکردیم

داشتم پاک میکردم

داشتید پاک میکردید

داشتی پاک میکردی

داشتند پاک میکردند

داشت پاک میکرد

داریم پاک میکنیم

دارم پاک میکنم

دارید پاک میکنید

داری پاک میکنی

دارند پاک میکنند

دارد پاک میکند

پاک کرده است

پاک کرده بودیم

پاک کرده بودم

پاک کرده بودید

پاک کرده بودی

پاک کرده بودند

پاک کرده بود

پاک خواهیم کرد

پاک خواهم کرد

پاک خواهید کرد

پاک خواهی کرد

پاک خواهند کرد

پاک خواهد کرد

پاک کرده باشیم

پاک کرده باشم

پاک کرده باشید

پاک کرده باشی

پاک کرده باشند

پاک کرده باشد

fa-conj-colloq-head

Conjugation of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">پاک کردن</i> (colloquial Tehrani)

داشتیم پاک میکردیم

داشتم پاک میکردم

داشتین پاک میکردین

داشتی پاک میکردی

داشتن پاک میکردن

داشت پاک میکرد

داریم پاک میکنیم

دارم پاک میکنم

دارین پاک میکنین

داری پاک میکنی

دارن پاک میکنن

داره پاک میکنه

پاک کرده بودیم

پاک کرده بودم

پاک کرده بودین

پاک کرده بودی

پاک کرده بودن

پاک کرده بود

پاک کرده باشیم

پاک کرده باشم

پاک کرده باشین

پاک کرده باشی

پاک کرده باشن

پاک کرده باشه


مین

ماین ماین#Persian

(Dari) alternative form of ماین (“mine (exploding device)”)


چپ

Akin to Pashto چپ, Urdu چپ, and Hindi चुप (cup), probably onomatopoeic.


همشیره

fa-noun

همشیره • (hamšīra / hamšire) (plural همشیرگان (hamšīragān / hamširegân))

hamšīra (romanization)
hamšire (romanization)
همشیرگان (plural)

[ʔäm.ʃiː.ɾǽ]

From هم (ham, “also, too, same”) + شیر (šīr /šir, “milk”) + ـه (-a /-e, noun forming suffix).


اتفاق

fa-noun

اتفاق • (ettefâq) (plural اتفاقها, or اتفاقات)

ettefâq (romanization)
اتفاقها (plural)
اتفاقات (plural)

[ʔɪt̪.t̪ʰɪ.fɑːq]

[ʔɪt̪.t̪ʰɪ.fɑːq]

[ʔɪt̪.t̪ʰɪ.fɑːq]

Borrowed from Arabic اِتِّفَاق (ittifāq).
Sense 5 in Dari is a semantic borrowing from Indo-Persian.

ref

Iranica

“KĀBOLI”, in Encyclopaedia Iranica, volume XV, ENCYCLOPÆDIA IRANICA FOUNDATION, 2013 February 12, pages 276-280


اسپ

→ Gujarati: અસપ (asap)

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭮𐭥𐭮𐭩𐭠 (sʿsyʾ /asp/), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎱 (a-s-p /aspa/, “horse”).

inh+

Dari standard spelling of اسب (asb, “horse”)


ناک

→ Uzbek: nok


میان

fa-noun

میان • (miyân)

miyân (romanization)
میون (alternative Tehrani)

desctree

→ Bengali: মিঞা (mĩa), মিয়া (miẏa), মিয়াঁ (miẏã), মিঁয়া (mĩẏa), মিঞাঁ (mĩã), মিয়ান (miẏan) — archaic, Vanga
→ English: Miah, Miya

→ Ottoman Turkish: میان

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮੀਆਂ (mīā̃)

Shahmukhi script: میاں (mīyān)

Sylheti: ꠝꠤꠀ (mia)

From Middle Persian mdyʾn' (mayān), from Old Persian *madyānaʰ, from Proto-Iranian *mádyānah, composed of *mádyah + *-anah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mádʰyas, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *médʰyos. Cognate with Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬌𐬜𐬌𐬌𐬀 (maⁱδiia), Sanskrit मध्य (madhya), Ossetian мидӕг (midæg), Gilaki مئن (men) and Arabic مَيْدَان (maydān).


لوت

Borrowed from Urdu لُوٹ (lūṭ) / Hindi लूट (lūṭ)


جوجه

juje (romanization)
جوجهها (plural)
چوجه (alternative)
چوژه (alternative)
چوزه (alternative)
چوچه (alternative)
چوری (alternative)
جیجه (alternative dialectal)

→ Azerbaijani: cücə

→ Khalaj: cûca, cûcə

→ Ottoman Turkish: جوجه (cüce)
Turkish: cüce
→ Albanian: xhuxh
→ Armenian: ճիւճէ (čiwčē), ջուջա (ǰuǰa)
→ Bulgarian: джудже́ (džudžé)
→ Georgian: ჯუჯა (ǯuǯa)
→ Greek: τζουτζές (tzoutzés)
→ Macedonian: џуџе (džudže)

→ Punjabi: cūcā

Gurmukhi script: ਚੂਚਾ

Shahmukhi script: چوچہ

[d͡ʒuː.d͡ʒǽ]

[d͡ʒuː.d͡ʒǽ]

[d͡ʒuː.d͡ʒǽ]

[d͡ʒuː.d͡ʒé]

Probably from Sogdian [script needed] (cwzʾkk /čužăk/, “chick”). Compare the related Turkish civciv (“chick”), which could be imitative.

onomatopoeic

imitative

چوچه پاندا (Dari)


آری

head

آری • (âri or ârê)

Urdu: آرے (āre)

Derived from Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾywl /ēwar/, “certainly, assuredly”), from Old Persian [script needed] (adi-var, “in truth, indeed”).


خراب

fa-adj

خراب • (xarâb)

(chiefly Dari) out of order (machine, etc)


خیر

خیار خیار#Persian

(Dari, at least in Gardēz and Fayzābād) alternative form of خیار (xiyâr, “cucumber”)


لیکن

Dari: لیکِن (lēkin)

desc

Iranian Persian: لیکِن (liken) (uncommon)

Tajik: лекин (lekin)

→ Azerbaijani: lakin

→ Bengali: লেকিন (lekin)

→ Chagatai:

Uyghur: لېكىن (lëkin)

Uzbek: lekin

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: लेकिन (lekin)

Urdu: لیکِن (lekin)

→ Kurdish:

Central Kurdish: لێکن (lêkin)

Northern Kurdish: lêkin, lê

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਲੇਕਿਨ (lekin), ਲੇਕਨ (lekan)

Shahmukhi script: لیکن (lekin, lekan)

Borrowed from Arabic لٰكِنْ (lākin, “but”) (with the long vowel shifted by imāla). Compare Classical Persian ایمِنْ (ēmin) and بَلی (balē), from Arabic آمِنْ (ʔāmin) and بَلَى (balā).

bor+

عشق در عالم معنی ست نهالی شاداب
خوش نهالی ست و لیکن ثمرش جز غم نیست

c. 1911, Mohammad Hossein Âğuli Torki-ye Shirâzi, دیوان ترکی شیرازی:

The meaning of love in the world is a well-watered sapling;
It is a pretty sapling, but its fruit is naught but grief.

ešq dar âlam ma'ni-st nahâli šâdâb
xoš nahâli-st va likan samr-aš joz ġam nist


حمل

(Dari and dated elsewhere) Hamal, the first month of the solar Persian calendar.


لفت

Borrowed from Hindi लिफ़्ट (lifṭ), from British English lift .


نی

nē (romanization)
ni (romanization)
spelling не (Tajik)

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭫𐭠 / 𐭭𐭩 (nē), from Proto-Iranian *ná, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ná, from Proto-Indo-European *né (“not”).

inh+

(formal in Dari and Tajik; archaic in Iran) no


زینه

fa-noun

زِینَه • (zīna)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ज़ीना (zīnā)

Urdu: زِینَہ (zīna)

→ Uzbek: zina, zinapoya

(chiefly Dari, Tajik) ladder, step, stair


لوند

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: لوند (levend)
Turkish: levent
→ Albanian: levend
→ Armenian: լէվէնտ (lēvēnt)
→ Aromanian: livendu
→ Bulgarian: леве́нт (levént)
→ Greek: λεβέντης (levéntis)
→ Hungarian: levente
→ Italian: levente
→ Macedonian: левент (levent)
→ Romanian: levent
→ Serbo-Croatian: lèvēnta /лѐве̄нта


پوهنتون

fa-noun

پوهنتون • (pōhantūn)

[pʰoː.ɦän̪.t̪ʰúːn]

[pʰoː.ɦän̪.t̪ʰúːn]

Borrowed from Pashto پوهنتون (pohantún).

پوهنتون کابل


دلچسپ

fa-adj

دلچسپ • (delčasp) (comparative دلچسپتَر, superlative دلچسپتَرین)

delčasp (romanization)
دلچسپتَر (comparative)
دلچسپتَرین (superlative)
دلچسب (alternative)

From Classical Persian دل (dil, “heart”) + چسپ (časp, “glue”).


بوره

→ Georgian: ბორა (bora)

→ Russian: бура́ (burá)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (bwlk' /*bōrag/), a term merely suffixed from the adjective [Book Pahlavi needed] (bwl /bōr/) becoming modern بور (bur, “red, bay; blond”) by reason that borax, traded as tincal in its crude state and of but scarce natural deposits, before the modern production by means of induced chemical reaction, was obtained by dint of evaporation from certain lagoons in which it was dissolved with impurities.
For the formation of the Middle Iranian term compare Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (*bwlyk' /bōrīg/) behind بوری (buri, “blond”), and for its presence Old Armenian բորակ (borak), բարակ (barak), Georgian ბორაკი (boraḳi), Classical Syriac ܒܽܘܪܟܳܐ (burkā), ܒܘܿܪܩܵܐ (bōrqā), Arabic بَوْرَق (bawraq).

lang

بوره یا بوراکس

بوره یا بوراکس


بوره

fa-noun

بوره • (bōra)

lang

بوره یا بوراکس

بوره یا بوراکس


مجهول

مَعْرُوف و مَجْهُول
معروف و مجهول#Persian

(Classical Persian, Dari) majhul (vowel); see مَعْرُوف و مَجْهُول (ma'rūf u majhūl).


بس

From Middle Persian ws (/was/), from Proto-Iranian *was- (“to want, wish”), from Proto-Indo-European *weḱ- (“to wish”).


بس

→ Azerbaijani: bəs

→ Bengali: ব্যাস (bês)

→ Gujarati: બસ (bas)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बस (bas)

Urdu: بس

→ Ottoman Turkish: بس (bes)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਬਸ (bas), ਬੱਸ (bassa)

Shahmukhi script: بس (bs)

بسه!


چاشت

fa-noun

چاشت • (čâšt)

čâšt (romanization)
چاس (alternative dialectal)

→ Azerbaijani: çeşt, çaşt

→ Baluchi: چاشت (cášt)

→ Gujarati: ચાશ્ત (cāśt)

→ Khalaj: çâşt

→ Pashto: څاښت (śāx̌t)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: चाश्त (cāśt)

Urdu: چاشت (cāśt)

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (čʾšt' /čāšt/, “lunch, meal”). Akin to Old Armenian ճաշ (čaš), an Iranian borrowing.

inh+

ولسوالیهای برکه، نهرین، گذرگاه نور، خوست و فرنگ و حومههای شهر پلخمری مرکز ولایت بغلان پس از چاشت روز گذشته (جمعه، ۲۱ ثور) گواه سرازیر شدن سیلابهای ویرانگر بود.

2024 May, “سیلابهای بغلان؛ دامنه این فاجعه گسترش یافته است [Baghlan floods; The Scope of This Disaster Has Expanded]”, in طلعنیوز [Tolo News]:

The districts of Burka, Nahrīn, Guzargāh-i Nūr, Khōst wa Firing and suburbs of Pul-i-Khumrī, the capital of the Baghlan Province, witnessed devastating downward flowing floods yesterday afternoon (Friday, 21 Sawr)

wuluswālī-hā-yi burka, nahrīn, guzargāh-i nūr, xōst wa firing wa hawma-hā-yi šahr-i pul-i-xumrī markaz-i wilāyat baġlān pas az čāšt-i rōz-i guzašta (jum'a, 21 sawr) guwāh sarāzēr šudan saylāb-hā-yi wayrān-gar būd.


تربوز

fa-noun

تَربوز • (tarbūz)

تَربوز (canonical)
tarbūz (romanization)

[t̪ʰäɾ.búːz]

[t̪ʰäɾ.búːz]

[t̪ʰäɾ.búːz]

[t̪ʰæɹ.búːz]

تربز تربز#Persian

Dari standard spelling of تربز ("watermelon").


خلاص

fa-adj

خلاص • (xalâs)

→ Gujarati: ખલાસ (khalās)


پس

From Middle Persian 𐭯𐭮 (ps /pas/, “then, afterwards, behind”), from Old Persian 𐎱𐎿𐎠 (p-s-a /pasā/), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pasčáH, from Proto-Indo-European *pos-(sḱ)-kʷéh₁.


خوراک

fa-noun

خوراک • (xorâk)

→ Georgian: ხორაგი (xoragi)

→ Azerbaijani: xörək

→ Uzbek: xoʻrak

→ Kazakh: қорек (qorek)

Dehkhoda Dictionary
Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute
University of Tehran Press

Inherited from Middle Persian *hwlʾk' (/xwarāg/). By surface analysis, خور (xor, present stem of خوردن (xordan, “to eat, to drink, to corrode, to collide with, to fit”)) + ـاک (-âk, suffix that forms the active participle from the present verb stem). The suffix is an alternative form of ـا (-â), which originates from Middle Persian -ʾk' (/-āg/). Akin to Old Armenian խորակ (xorak), an Iranian borrowing. Refer to کاواک (kâvâk) for another example of a word that ends this alternative form of ـا (-â), and to گویا (gôyâ, “capable of speech”) or رسا (resâ, “audible”) for examples of words that ends in the standard form of the suffix.

surf

خور
<pos:present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">خوردن</i> (xordan, “to eat, to drink, to corrode, to collide with, to fit”)>

ـاک
<pos:suffix that forms the active participle from the present verb stem>

ref

Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “خوراک”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press

MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “āg”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 6

خوراک تیار خوش داری؟

(Dari or archaic) food, victuals, provisions


کچالو

fa-noun

کچالو • (kačālū)

[kʰä.t͡ʃʰɑː.lúː]

[kʰä.t͡ʃʰɑː.lúː]

[kʰä.t͡ʃʰɑː.lúː]

[kʰä.t͡ʃʰɔː.lú]

Borrowed from Hindi कचालू (kacālū) / Urdu کچالو (kacālū).


سیل

سیل • (sayl / seyl) (Tajik spelling сайл)

sayl (romanization)
seyl (romanization)
spelling сайл (Tajik)

Unknown, perhaps a corruption of Arabic سَائِر (sāʔir, “to wander, to walk (around)”), or a corruption of the now archaic سهستن (sahistan, “to seem”) from early Classical Persian.


کلکین

fa-noun

کلکین • (kilkīn) (plural کلکینها (kilkīn-hā))

Borrowed from Hindustani کِھڑْکی / खिड़की (khiṛkī), possibly via Mughal Persian, ultimately from Sanskrit खटक्किका (khaṭakkikā). Unlikely to have been transmitted via Pashto کړکۍ (kaṛkay), due to major vowel changes in Pashto that did not occur in Dari.


سرک

Borrowed from Urdu سڑک (saṛak), possibly via Pashto سړک (saṛak).


چوکی

چوکی • (čawkî)

[t͡ʃʰäw.kʰíː]

Borrowed from Urdu چَوکی (caukī) / Hindi चौकी (caukī).


مسکه

→ Gujarati: મસકો (masko)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मसका (maskā)

Urdu: مَسْکَہ (maskā)

→ Marathi: मस्का (maskā)


آفتاب‌پرست

آفتابپرست • (âftâb-parast)

آفتابپرست (canonical)
âftâb-parast (romanization)
آفتابپرست (alternative)

[ʔɑːf.t̪ʰɑːb.pʰä.ɾǽst̪]

[ʔɑːf.t̪ʰɑːb.pʰä.ɾǽst̪]

[ʔɔːf.t̪ʰɔːb.pʰä.ɾǽst̪]

[ʔɒːf.t̪ʰɒːb.pʰæ.ɹǽst̪]

From آفتاب (âftâb, “sun”) + ـپرست (-parast, “-worshipper”).

af

(Classical Persian, Dari and Tajik) sunflower


امریکا

head

امریکا • (amrikâ)

fa-proper noun

امریکا • (amrikâ)

[ʔäm.ɾiː.kʰɑ́ː]

[ʔäm.ɾiː.kʰɑ́ː]

[ʔäm.ɾiː.kʰɑ́ː]

[ʔäm.ɾi.kʰɔ́ː]

[ʔæm.ɹiː.kʰɒ́ː]

Borrowed from Arabic أَمْرِيكَا (ʔamrīkā).

bor+

United States of America
United States of America#English

America, United States of America (a country in North America; in full, United States of America)


خریطه

fa-noun

خریطه • (xarite) (plural خریطهها (xarite-hâ))

→ Pashto: خريطه (xaritá)

→ Tajik: харита (xarita)

→ Tatar: харита (xarita)

→ Uyghur: خەرىتە (xerite)

→ Uzbek: харита (xarita)

→ Zazaki: xerite

desc

⇒ Persian: خلیطه (xalīta), خلیته (xalīta), خلته (xalta), غلطه (ġalta)

Tajik: халта (xalta), халтача (xaltača)

→ Shughni: خلته (xalta)

→ Turkic:

Southern Altai: калта (kalta)

Azerbaijani: qaltaq

→ Persian: غلتاق (ġaltāq)

Bashkir: ҡалта (qalta)

Chagatai: خلته (xalta)

Uyghur: خالتا (xalta)

Uzbek: xalta

Karakalpak: qalta

Kazakh: қалта (qalta)

Kyrgyz: қалта

Nogai: калта (kalta)

Turkmen: halta

→ Old East Slavic: калита (kalita)

Old Ruthenian: калита (kalita), колита (kolita)

Belarusian: калита́ (kalitá)

Ukrainian: калита́ (kalytá)

Russian: калита́ (kalitá)

→ Middle Low German: kalite

→ Lithuanian: kolytà

→ Latvian: kalīte

→ Polish: kaleta, (dialectal) kalita, kalota, kalalka

Borrowed from Arabic خَرِيطَة (ḵarīṭa), from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs, “sheet of paper”).

der

خَرِیطَهٔ پَلَاسْتِیک (Dari)


زردک

→ Algerian Arabic: زرودية (zrūdiyya)

→ Moroccan Arabic: زرودية (zrūdiyya)

→ Qashqai: зәдәк, зәрдәк, зардәк

→ Kabyle: zrudga

→ Kyrgyz: зардек (zardek)

→ Siberian Tatar: сәртәк

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: زردك (zerdek), زدك (zedek) (rare)

→ Punjabi: ਜਰਦ (jarad)

→ Fergana Valley Uyghur: зәдәк (zedek)

From زرد (zard, “yellow”) + ـک (ak, “diminutive suffix”).


خلق

→ Chagatai: خلق

Uyghur: خەلق (xelq)

Uzbek: xalq

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़लक़ (xalq)

Urdu: خلق (xalq)

→ Kazakh: халық (xalyq)

→ Kyrgyz: калк (kalk)

→ Pashto: خلک (xalk)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਖਲਕ (khalak)

Shahmukhi script: خلق (xalq)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: خَلْقُ (xalqu)

Devanagari script: ख़ल्क़ु (xalqu)

→ Turkmen: halk

Etymology tree
Arabic خَلْق (ḵalq)bor.
Persian خلق
Borrowed from Arabic خَلْق (ḵalq).

etymon

(Dari, historical) People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan


طیاره

fa-noun

طیاره • (tayyâre) (plural طیارات (tayyârât))

[t̪ʰäj.jɑː.ɾǽ]

[t̪ʰäj.jɑː.ɾǽ]

[t̪ʰäj.jɑː.ɾǽ]

[t̪ʰäj.jɔː.ɾǽ]

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish طیاره (tayyare), itself derived from the Arabic ط ي ر (ṭ y r, “related to flying”).

der

(Dari and dated in Iran) airplane, aeroplane


فاکولته

fa-noun

فاکولته • (fākōlta)

[fɔː.kʰʊːl̪.t̪ʰä]

Borrowed from French faculté. While associated with Dari, the term was likely borrowed via Iranian Persian based on the reinterpretation of a final /e/ as a short /a/.


(Classical Persian, Dari) pēš a short vowel diacritic, representing a 'short u'. It also indicates a long /uː/ if followed by a و (wâw)


مرچ

murč (romanization)
mareč (romanization)

→ Bashkir: борос (boros)

→ Kazakh: бұрыш (būryş)

→ Kyrgyz: мурч (murc)

→ Southern Altai: мырч (mïrč)

Borrowed from Hindustani (see Urdu مرچ and Hindi मिर्च (mirc)), or from dialectal Hindi मरिच (maric) (in Iran), from Sanskrit मरिच (marica).


واز

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾpʾc), 𐫀𐫁𐫀𐫝 (ʾbʾc /abāz/, “back, again, re-”).


ماما

māmā (romanization)
ماماها (plural)
ماما، مامای (māmā́, māmā́y^△) (Dari colloquial singular)
ماماها، مامایا (māmā-hā́, māmāy-yā́^△) (Dari colloquial plural)
مامارا، مامایره (māmā́ rā, māmā́y ra^△) (Dari colloquial definite direct-object singular)
مامای (singular)
مامایی (definite relative singular)
مامایی (indefinite singular stressed)
مامایم (first-person possessive singular)
مامایت (second-person singular)
مامایمان، مامایما (colloquial first-person plural)
مامایتان (plural second-person)
مامایشان (singular)

An Indo-Aryan borrowing, ultimately from Sanskrit माम (māma), itself from Proto-Dravidian *māma. Akin to Pashto, Baluchi, and Urdu ماما (māmā), Hindi मामा (māmā).


رند

fa-noun

رِند • (rend) (plural رِندان (rendân), or رُنود (ronud))

رِند (canonical)
rend (romanization)
رِندان (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: rind

desc

→ Armenian: ռինդ (ṙind), ռինտ (ṙint), ըռինտ (əṙint), ռընդ (ṙənd), ռունդ (ṙund), ռունտ (ṙunt), ռոնտ (ṙont), ըռունդ (əṙund), էրոնդ (ērond), էրանդ (ērand)

→ Ottoman Turkish: رند (rind)

Turkish: rint

Unknown. The Arabic broken plural is unetymological. Akin to Northern Kurdish rind.


تیار

Dari: تَیَّار (tayyār), تَیَار (tayār)

→ Baluchi: تیار (tayár)

Iranian Persian: تیار (teyyār)

Tajik: тайёр (tayyor)

→ Bengali: তৈরি (tōiri), তৈরী (tōiri)

→ Gujarati: તૈયાર (taiyār)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तैयार (taiyār)

Urdu: تَیّار (taiyār)

→ Malayalam: തയ്യാർ (tayyāṟ)

→ Marathi: तयार (tayār)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਤਿਆਰ (tiāra)

[t̪ʰä.jɑ́ːɾ]

[t̪ʰäj.jɑ́ːɾ]

[t̪ʰä.jɑ́ːɾ]

[t̪ʰäj.jɑ́ːɾ]

[t̪ʰä.jɑ́ːɾ]

[t̪ʰäj.jɑ́ːɾ]

[t̪ʰä.jɔ́ːɾ]

[t̪ʰäj.jɔ́ːɾ]

[t̪ʰäj.jɔ́ɾ]

Borrowed from Arabic طَيَّار (ṭayyār, “ready to fly, fledged”).


پرتگالی

head

پرتگالی • (purtaġâlî)

fa-proper noun

پرتگالی • (purtaġâlî)

[pʰʊɾ.t̪ʰä.ɡɑː.liː]

From پرتگال.


صنف

(Dari) class (group, collection, category or set sharing characteristics or attributes)


لیسه

Borrowed from French lycée, while more common in Dari, it was likely borrowed via Iranian Persian. Since Dari does not generally use a he to transcribe a final -e.


فابریکه

fa-noun

فابریکه • (fābrīka)


ناشتا

nâštâ, nâšetâ

ناشتا • (nâštâ, nâšetâ)

nâštâ (romanization)
nâšetâ (romanization)
ناشتاب (alternative)
نانشته (alternative Tajik)

→ Uzbek: nonushta

→ Uyghur: ناشتا (nashta)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: नाश्ता (nāśtā)

desc

Urdu: نَاشْتَا (nāśtā)

Urdu: نَاشْتَا (nāśtā)

From original ناشتایی (nâštâ'i, nâštâyi), related to etymology above.

[nɑːʃ.t̪ʰɑː]

[nɑː.ʃɪ.t̪ʰɑː]

[nɑːʃ.t̪ʰɑː]

[nɑː.ʃɪ.t̪ʰɑː]

[nɑːʃ.t̪ʰɑː]

[nɑː.ʃɪ.t̪ʰɑː]

[nɔːʃ.t̪ʰɔː]

[nɔː.ʃi.t̪ʰɔː]

[nɒːʃ.t̪ʰɒː]

[nɒː.ʃe.t̪ʰɒː]


بم

Borrowed from English bomb, possibly via Urdu بَمْ (bam).


دوا

fa-noun

دوا • (dawā)


جور

→ Azerbaijani: cür

From earlier جاوَر (jāwar), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂óyu ~ *h₂yéws. Cognate with Parthian 𐫏𐫀𐫇𐫡 (yʾwr /yāwar/, “time, occasion”).


جور

این اصلا با من جور نیست.

This doesn’t fit me (isn’t similar to me) at all


افگندن

head

افگندن • (afgandan) (present stem افگن (afgan))

afgandan (romanization)
افگن (present stem)

[ʔæf.ɡʲæn̪.d̪ǽn]

افکندن افکندن#Persian

(archaic, Dari) alternative form of افکندن (afkandan)


بادرنگ

fa-noun

بادرنگ • (bâdrang)

bâdrang (romanization)
بالنگ (alternative)
وارنگ (alternative)

Tajik: бодиринг (bodiring)

Uzbek: bodring

Kazakh: бәдірен (bädıren)

Kyrgyz: бадыраң (badıraŋ)

→ Gujarati: બાદરંગ (bādraṅg)

[baːð.ˈɾaŋɡ]

[bɑːd̪.ɾǽŋɡ]

[bɑːd̪.ɾǽŋɡ]

[bɑːd̪.ɾǽŋɡ]

[bɔːd̪.ɾǽŋɡ̥]

[bɒːd̪.ɹǽŋɡʲ̥]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (wʾtlng /wādrang/, “citron”). Akin to Manichaean Parthian [script needed] (wʾdrwng /wādrūng/, “lemon balm, balm mint”) and Iranian-borrowed Old Armenian վարունգ (varung), Mongolian батраш (batraš), Kalmyk батраш (batraş). Further origin in Sanskrit मातुलुङ्ग (mātuluṅga, “citron (tree)”).


کیله

fa-noun

کیله • (kêla)

Borrowed from Hindi केला (kelā) or Urdu کیلا (kelā), from Sanskrit कदल (kadala).


روم

From Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrōm), from Byzantine Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē, “Rome”) and Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”), from Latin Romani (“Romans”), from Roma (“Rome”) of uncertain origin. In particular application to central Anatolia, from such use in Seljuk Old Anatolian Turkish.

روم باستان

جمهوری روم

(historical) Rome, Ancient Rome (an ancient empire based out of the city of Rome, covering vast territories in Europe, Asia and Africa; in full, Roman Empire)


روم

Rome (a major city, the capital of Italy and the Italian region of Lazio, located on the Tiber River; the ancient capital of the Roman Empire)

Rome (a metropolitan city of Lazio, Italy)


ولسوالی

ولسوالی • (wuluswālī)

Borrowed from Mongolian улс (uls, “nation, people”) (via Pashto ولس (wuləs)) + Arabic وَالِي (wālī).

bor+

ولایت ولایت#Persian

district, a sub-division of ولایت (wilāyat)


کیمیا

head

کیمیا • (kimiyâ)

fa-proper noun

کیمیا • (kimiyâ)

Borrowed from Arabic كِيمِيَاء (kīmiyāʔ), from Ancient Greek χῠμείᾱ (khŭmeíā).

bor+

a female given name, Kimiya, from Ancient Greek


تیزاب

fa-noun

تیزاب • (têzâb)

têzâb (romanization)
تیزآب (alternative)

→ Azerbaijani: tizab (classical Azerbaijani)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तेज़ाब (tezāb)

Urdu: تیزاب (tezāb)

→ Pashto: تېزاب (tezāb)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: تیزاب (tizap)
Turkish: tizap (historical)

→ Punjabi:

desc

Gurmukhi script: ਤੇਜਾਬ (tejāb), ਤੇਜ਼ਾਬ (tezāb), ਤਿਜ਼ਾਬ (tizāb)

Shahmukhi script: تیزاب (tezāb)

[t̪ʰeː.zɔ́ːb̥]

[t̪ʰiː.zɒ́ːb̥]


ترف

(Dari, dialectal) alternative form of ترب (torob, “radish”)


جولای

head

جولای • (jūlāy)

fa-proper noun

جولای • (jūlāy)


جه

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

(colloquial Dari) Kabuli and Hazaragi form of جا


کولتور

fa-noun

کُولْتُور • (kūltūr)

کُولْتُور (canonical)
kūltūr (romanization)

[kʰuːl̪.t̪ʰúːɾ]


انجنیر

انجنیر • (injinīr)


سنبله

Borrowed from Arabic سُنْبُلَة (sunbula).

bor+

(Dari, dated elsewhere), the sixth month of the solar Persian calendar.


تاپه

fa-noun

تاپه • (tāpa)

Borrowed from Pashto, from Sogdian 𐽂𐼰𐼾𐼷 (tʾpy /tāpē/, “seal”).


پندک

From Middle Persian pndk' (pondik, “hazelnut”), from Ancient Greek Ποντικόν κάρυον (Pontikón káruon, “Pontic nut”).

der

Ποντικόν κάρυον


بوت

Borrowed from English boot (in Dari) or French botte (in Iran).


ازار

fa-noun

ازار • (ezâr)

→ Gujarati: ઇજાર (ijār)

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: ازار (izār)


شفتالو

شفتالو • (šaftâlu)

desc

→ Armenian: շավթալ (šavtʻal), շաֆդալի (šafdali), շափտալի (šapʻtali), շեֆթալի (šeftʻali), շաֆթալի (šaftʻali), շեֆթելյու (šeftʻelyu), շավթլի (šavtʻli) (in some cases via Turkic)

→ Chechen: шаптал (šaptal)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शफ़तालू (śaftālū)

Urdu: شفتالو (śaftālū)

→ Ingush: шапта (šapta)

→ Kabardian: шэфтал (šɛftal)

→ Karachay-Balkar: шаптал (şaptal)

→ Kazakh: шабдалы (şabdaly)

→ Turkmen: şetdaly

→ Turkmen: شبداله (“şepdaly”) (Turkmensahra)

→ Khalaj: şəftâlu

→ Kyrgyz: шабдалы (şabdalı), шапталы (şaptalı)

→ Russian: шептала́ (šeptalá) (via Turkic)

→ Shor: шаптал

→ Shor: шаптал

desctree

→ Old Anatolian Turkish: شفتالو (şeftalü, şeftali)
Azerbaijani: şaftalı
Gagauz: шефтели
Ottoman Turkish: شفتالو (şeftalı)
Turkish: şeftali, şeftalı
→ Bulgarian: шефталия (šeftalija) (archaic)
→ Crimean Tatar: şaftalı
→ Northern Kurdish: şeftalî
→ Ladino: shefteli
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: шефтелија, шептелија, шевтелија, шепталија (archaic)
Latin script: šeftelija, šeptelija, ševtelija, šeptalija (archaic)

→ Uyghur: شاپتۇل (shaptul)

→ Uzbek: shaftoli

[ʃäf.t̪ʰɑː.lúː]

[ʃäf.t̪ʰɑː.lúː]

[ʃäf.t̪ʰɑː.lúː]

[ʃäf.t̪ʰɔː.lú]

[ʃæf.t̪ʰɒː.lúː]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (špt'twk' /šiftālūg/, “peach”), a compound describing its texture of [Term?] (/šift/, “milk”) via Northwestern Iranian from Proto-Iranian *xšwiptah (“milk”) and [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾlwk' /ālūg/, “plum”).


دروازه

fa-noun

دروازه • (darwāza / darvâze) (plural دروازهها (darwāza-hā / darvâze-hâ), Tajik spelling дарвоза)

darwāza (romanization)
darvâze (romanization)
دروازهها (plural)
spelling дарвоза (Tajik)

→ Assamese: দৰ্জা (dorza)

desc

→ Armenian: դարվազ (darvaz), դարվազա (darvaza)

→ Azerbaijani: darvaza

→ Bengali: দরওয়াজা (dorōẇaja)

⇒ Bengali: দরজা (dorja)

→ Chagatai: داروازە

Uzbek: darvoza

Uyghur: دەرۋازا (derwaza)

→ Gujarati: દરવાજો (darvājo)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दरवाज़ा (darvāzā)

desctree

Urdu: دَرْوَازَہ (darwāzah, darvāzah)
→ Gulf Arabic: دِرْوَازَة (dirwāza)

→ Kashmiri:

desc

Sharada script: 𑆢𑆫𑆮𑆳𑆘𑇊𑇋𑆶 (darwāzụ, darvāzụ)

Devanagari script: दरवाज़ॖ (darwāzụ, darvāzụ)

Arabic script: دَروازٕ (darwāzụ, darvāzụ)

→ Kazakh: дарбаза (darbaza)

→ Marathi: दरवाजा (darvāj̈ā)

→ Pashto: دروازه (darwāzə)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਦਰਵਾਜ਼ਾ (darvāzā)

Shahmukhi script: دَرْوازہ (darwāzah, darvāzah)

→ Sindhi:

Devanagari script: दरवाज़ो (darwāzō)

Arabic script: دروازو (darwāzō)

→ Turkmen: derweze

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer-
Old Persian 𐎯𐎺𐎼𐎹𐎠 (du-v-r-y-a)
Middle Persian 𐭡𐭡𐭠 (bbʾ)
Persian دَر?
Middle Persian 𐫀𐫁𐫀𐫝 (ʾbʾc)
Persian وَاز?
Persian دروازه
Has been explained as coming from در (dar, “door”) + واز (wāz, “open”), with the later word واز (wāz) (Archaic in Iranian Persian) coming from Middle Persian 𐫀𐫁𐫀𐫝 (ʾbʾc /abāz/, “back, again, re-”).
Though it may have other origins, compare similar words in Semitic: Akkadian 𒉣𒇬 (tarbāṣu, “cowshed; courtyard”), Aramaic תַּרְחִּיצָא (tarbīṣā) / תַּרְחָּצָא (ṭarbāṣā) / ܬܰܪܒܳܨܳܐ (ṭarbāṣā, “courtyard”), Ugaritic 𐎚𐎗𐎁𐎕 (trbṣ, “stable”), which is a formation that belongs to the Proto-Semitic verb *rabaṣ́- used for the sitting of an animal, on which root see Arabic ر ب ض (r b ḍ).
Possibly connected to Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (dlpʾs /darbās/, “palace”) and the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian դարպաս (darpas), դարապաս (darapas), Georgian დარბაზი (darbazi, “palace”).

cog

תַּרְחִּיצָא

Aramaic תַּרְחִּיצָא (tarbīṣā)

ar-root

ر ب ض (r b ḍ)


پنجه

fa-noun

پنجه • (panja / panje) (plural پنجهها (panja-hā / panje-hâ), Tajik spelling панҷа)

panja (romanization)
panje (romanization)
پنجهها (plural)
spelling панҷа (Tajik)

→ Armenian: փանջա (pʻanǰa)

→ Azerbaijani: pəncə

→ Bengali: পাঞ্জা (panja)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: पंजा (pañjā)

Urdu: پَن٘جَہ (pañja)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: پنچه, پنجه (pence)
Turkish: pençe
→ Armenian: փէնչէ (pʻēnčʻē)
→ Crimean Tatar: panca
→ Romanian: pingea
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: па̑нџа
Latin script: pȃndža


میده

mayda (romanization)
meyde (romanization)

white bread (bread made from refined flour)

a kind of sweetmeat made with grape syrup and starch


میده

→ Assamese: ময়দা (moyoda)

→ Bengali: ময়দা (moẏda)

→ Gujarati: મેંદો (mendo)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मैदा (maidā)

Urdu: مَیدا (maidā), مَیدَہ (maida)

→ Maithili:

Devanagari script: मेदा

Tirhuta script: 𑒧𑒹𑒠𑒰

→ Marathi: मैदा (maidā)

→ Marwari: मैदौ (maidau)

→ Nepali: मैदा (maidā)

→ Odia: ମଇଦା (maidā)

→ Old Punjabi: ਮੈਦਾ (maidā)
Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਮੈਦਾ (maidā)
Shahmukhi script: مَیدَہ (maidah)

→ Sindhi: maido

Arabic script: مَيْدو

Devanagari script: मैदो

میده کردن

to grind, to pulverise [flour]; to break, smash


جواری

fa-noun

جواری • (jovâri)

[d͡ʒʊ.wɑː.ɾiː]

[d͡ʒʊ.wɑː.ɾiː]

[d͡ʒʊ.wɑː.ɾiː]

Borrowed from Hindustani جُْوَار / जुवार (juvār).


بی‌بی

بیبی (canonical)
bi-bi (romanization)
بیبی (singular)
بیبیها، بیبیا (bibi-hấ, bibiấ^△) (colloquial plural)
بیبی را، بیبی رو (bibí râ, bibí ro^△) (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
بیبی (ezafe singular)
بیبی (definite relative singular)
بیبی (indefinite singular stressed)

→ Bengali: বিবি (bibi)

→ Gujarati: બીબી (bībī)

→ Hindi: बीबी (bībī)
→ English: bibi

→ Khalaj: bîbi

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਬੀਬੀ (bībī)

Shahmukhi script: بیبی (bībī)

→? Romani: bibi


کندز

kunduz (romanization)
کندوز (alternative)
قندوز (alternative)

ولایت کندز


مارچ

مارچ • (mārč / mârč)


جنوری

→ Urdu: جنوری (janvarī)

[d͡ʒän.wä.ɾíː]


فبروری

fibruwarī (romanization)
فروری (alternative Dari alternative)


نومبر

head

نُوِمبَر or نومبر • (nuwimbar or nawimbar)

نُوِمبَر (canonical)
نومبر (canonical)
nuwimbar (romanization)
nawimbar (romanization)


بوتل

fa-noun

بوتل • (bōtal)

Borrowed from Hindustani बोतल / بوتَل (botal), from Portuguese botelha.


همبسته‌گی

همبستهگی (canonical)
hambasta-gi (romanization)

همبستگی همبستگی#Persian


پشک

Compare similar terms such as colloquial Persian پیشی (piši) (various regions), Gilaki پیچا (pičā) and Pashto پیشو (pišo), Turkish pişik, Baluchi پشی (piši), Kohistani Shina پشی (pušay).


شکسته‌گی

شکستهگی (canonical)
šekasta-gi (romanization)

شکستگی شکستگی#Persian


دسمبر

→ Urdu: دسمبر (disambar)


هیور

(Dari) brother-in-law (one's husband's brother)


مطلب

مطلب • (matlab) (plural مطالب (matâleb))

→ Bengali: মতলব (motlob)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मतलब (matlab)

Urdu: مطلب (matlab)


زنده‌گی

زندهگی (canonical)
zinda-gi (romanization)

زندگی زندگی#Persian


زنده گی

زنده گی • (zinda gī)

زندگی زندگی#Persian


سمنت

simint (romanization)
sement (romanization)

Borrowed from English cement. Possibly influenced by Tajik семент (sement), from Russian цеме́нт (cemént).


فیل‌مرغ

فیلمرغ • (fīl-murġ / fil-morġ) (plural فیلمرغها)

فیلمرغ (canonical)
fīl-murġ (romanization)
fil-morġ (romanization)
فیلمرغها (plural)
فیل مرغ (alternative)
پیلمرغ (alternative)

From فیل (fil, “elephant”) + مرغ (morġ, “bird”).


درجن

[d̪äɾ.d͡ʒǽn]

Borrowed from Urdu درجن / Hindi दर्जन (darjan), ultimately from English dozen.


داکتر

fa-noun

داکتر • (dâktar) (plural داکترها, or داکتران)

dâktar (romanization)
داکترها (plural)
داکتران (plural)

[d̪ɑːk.t̪ʰǽɾ]


سویدن

swīdan (romanization)
suwīdan (romanization)

(Dari) Sweden (a country in Scandinavia in Northern Europe)


پیسه

پَیسَه (canonical)
paysa (romanization)
peyse (romanization)

Debated, either from Middle Persian [script needed] (ptwʾsk' /paywāsag/, “purse, wallet”). Akin to Old Armenian պայուսակ (payusak, “purse, pouch”), an Iranian borrowing. Or
from Sanskrit पद + अंश (pada + aṃśa, “quarter + part, piece”) via Hindustani پَیسے / पैसे (paise, “money, cash, coin”), akin to Pashto پیسې and Baluchi پیسہ.


جرمنی

Borrowed from Hindustani جرمنی / जर्मनी (jarmanī), from English Germany.

(now less common) Germany (a country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany)


مالته

mâlte (romanization)
mâlta (romanization)

[mɑːl̪.t̪ʰǽ]

Borrowed from Pashto مالټه, from Urdu مالٹا (mālṭā), originally the name of certain cultivars from Malta introduced by the Portuguese.

der

Urdu مالٹا (mālṭā)


معروف

fa-adj

معروف • (ma'ruf) (comparative معروفتَر, superlative معروفتَرین)

ma'ruf (romanization)
معروفتَر (comparative)
معروفتَرین (superlative)

Etymology tree
Arabic ع ر ف (ʕ r f)
Arabic عَرَفَ (ʕarafa)
Arabic مَعْرُوف (maʕrūf)bor.
Persian معروف
Borrowed from Arabic مَعْرُوف (maʕrūf).

etymon

(Classical Persian, Dari) ma'ruf (vowel); see مَعْرُوف و مَجْهُول (ma'rūf u majhūl).


معروف

ma'ruf (romanization)
معروف
معروف (ezafe)
معروفی (definite relative)
معروفی (indefinite stressed)
معروفم (first-person singular)
معروفیم (first-person plural)
معروفی (second-person singular)
معروفید، معروفین (ma'rufid, ma'rufin^△) (colloquial plural second-person)
معروفند، معروفن (ma'rufand, ma'rufan^△) (colloquial plural third-person)


املوک

fa-noun

امْلوک or امْلُوک • (amlōk or amlūk) (plural املوکها (amlōk-hā))

امْلوک (canonical)
امْلُوک (canonical)
amlōk (romanization)
amlūk (romanization)
املوکها (plural)


میدان هوایی

میدان هوایی • (maydân-i hawâyî)

fa:میدان هوایی


بغل

desctree

→ Hindi: बग़ल (baġal), बगल (bagal) — nuqtaless
→ Tamil: பகிலு (pakilu)


رسیده‌گی

رسیدهگی (canonical)
reside-gi (romanization)

رسیدگی رسیدگی#Persian


کاکا

kākā (romanization)
کاکاها (plural)
کاکا، کاکای (kākā́, kākā́y^△) (Dari colloquial singular)
کاکاها، کاکایا (kākā-hā́, kākāy-yā́^△) (Dari colloquial plural)
کاکارا، کاکایره (kākā́ rā, kākā́y ra^△) (Dari colloquial definite direct-object singular)
کاکای (singular)
کاکایی (definite relative singular)
کاکایی (indefinite singular stressed)
کاکایم (first-person possessive singular)
کاکایت (second-person singular)
کاکایمان، کاکایما (colloquial first-person plural)
کاکایتان (plural second-person)
کاکایشان (singular)
کاکو (alternative)
کا (alternative)

An Indo-Aryan borrowing, ultimately from Sanskrit काक्क (kākka), itself a Dravidian borrowing. Likely via Hindustani काका / کاکا (kākā).
Akin to Baluchi کاکا and Pashto کاکا (kākā). All meaning paternal uncle or an older male.


حالی

head

حالی • (hālē /hâli)

→ Bashkir: әле (əle)

→ Kazakh: әлі (älı)

→ Kumyk: гьали (hali)

→ Kyrgyz: али (ali)

→ Uyghur: ھېلى (hëli)

→ Uzbek: hali

From حال (hāl /hâl, “state; condition; present state”) + ـی (-ē /-i, “indefinite suffix”).

af

چُون عُهْدَه نَمیشَوَد کَسی فَرْدَا رَا
 حَالی خْوَش دَار اِین دِلِ پُرْسَوْدَا رَا

c. 1100, Omar Khayyam, “Poem 2”, in Rubāʿiyāt:

Since nobody can guarantee the day to come, make this bileful heart happy in this moment.

čūn uhda namē-šawad kasē fardā rā
 hālē xwaš dār īn dil-i pursawdā rā


محفل

Borrowed from Arabic مَحْفِل (maḥfil, “assembly, congregation”), from the root ح ف ل (ḥ f l).

ar-root

ح ف ل (ḥ f l)


رودنگ

fa-noun

رودنگ • (rôdang)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”). .


تیل

Borrowed from Hindustani तेल / تیل (tel).


موزیم

مُوزِیَم • (mûziyam)

مُوزِیَم (canonical)
mûziyam (romanization)


کلیز

کلیز • (kaliz) (plural کلیزها (kaliz-hâ))

(archaic outside Dari and Khorasani) bee


جلیبی

جَلیبِی • (jalêbî)

جَلیبِی (canonical)
jalêbî (romanization)

Borrowed from Hindustani جَلیبِی / जलेबी (jalebī).


هی

Borrowed from Arabic هاء (hāʔ) with vowel shift due to imala

Name of the thirty-first letter of the Persian alphabet ه.


خربوزه

خَربُوزَه • (xarbūza) (plural خربوزهها (xarbūza-hā))

خَربُوزَه (canonical)
xarbūza (romanization)
خربوزهها (plural)

خربزه خربزه#Persian

(Dari standard spelling of خربزه) melon.


بچگانه

fa-adj

بچگانه • (baččegâne) (comparative بچگانهتَر, superlative بچگانهتَرین)

baččegâne (romanization)
بچگانهتَر (comparative)
بچگانهتَرین (superlative)

[bät͡ʃ.t͡ʃʰä.ɡɑː.nä]

[bät͡ʃ.t͡ʃʰä.ɡɑː.nä]

[bät͡ʃ.t͡ʃʰä.ɡɑː.nä]

[bät͡ʃ.t͡ʃʰä.ɡɔː.nä]

[bæt͡ʃ.t͡ʃʰæ.ɡɒː.ne]

[bät͡ʃ.t͡ʃʰä.ɡɔ.nä]

From بچه + ـانه.


تفنگچه

tufangča (romanization)
туфангча (alternative Cyrillic Tajik)

desc

→ Pashto: تفنګچه (tofangčá), توپنګچه (topangčá)

Blend of تفنگ (tofang, “gun”) + تپانچه (tapânča, “pistol”).


پودینه

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


قوری

→ Gulf Arabic: غوري (ḡūri)

→ Malay: guri / ݢوري (“small waterpot with a spout”)

Indonesian: guri

From Classical Persian غوری (ġōri, “porcelain plate”), further etymology unclear.


پسان

head

پسان • (pasān)

من پسان بهت میگویم

من ترا پسان میگویم


جولا

fa-noun

جولا • (jōlā / julâ) (plural جولاها (jōlā-hā / julâ-hâ), Tajik spelling ҷӯло)

jōlā (romanization)
julâ (romanization)
جولاها (plural)
spelling ҷӯло (Tajik)
جولاه (alternative)
جوله (alternative dialectal historical)
جولاهه (alternative dialectal historical)
جولاگک (alternative dialectal historical)
جلاه (alternative dialectal historical)
جولاهک (alternative dialectal historical)

→ Ushojo: جولا (jōlā)

from the variant جولاهک

desc

→ Middle Armenian: ջուլհակ (ǰulhak), ջուլուհակ (ǰuluhak)

Armenian: ջուլհակ (ǰulhak), ջուլահակ (ǰulahak) — obsolete

Uncertain. Likely a back-formation from جولاهک (jōlāhak /julâhak), already in Middle Persian, as seen in Arabic جُلَاهِق (julāhiq). Likely from some descendant of Sanskrit कौलिक (kaulika, “weaver”).

backformation

(chiefly Dari; elsewhere dialectal) spider


دیگدان

fa-noun

دیگدان • (dēgdān / digdân) (plural دیگدانها)

dēgdān (romanization)
digdân (romanization)
دیگدانها (plural)

→ Gujarati: દેગદાન (degdān)

→ Urdu: دیگ دان (deg-dān)

[d̪eːɡ.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[d̪eːɡ.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[d̪eːɡ.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[d̪eːɡ.d̪ɔ́ːn]

[d̪iːɡʲ.d̪ɒ́ːn]

Morphologically from دیگ (dēg /dig, “pot”) + ـدان (-dān /-dân, “holder, container”).


شاور

fa-noun

شاور • (šâwar)

Borrowed from English shower
Akin to Urdu شاوَر (śāvar) and Pashto شاور (šāwar), and possibly borrowed through these languages.