metadata

[ˈmɛɾ.əˌdeɪ.ɾə]

That photo's metadata suggests it was edited using Photoshop.

(computing) Structured information about a file (date created, creator, software used to create, last modified, file format, file fingerprint, etc).


update

From up- + date. Earliest usages from 1940s (see Citations).

ajan tasalla pitäminen

action of advising someone so that they are up to date

You should try the update: it rocks.

A version of something which is newer than other versions.


update

en-verb

update (third-person singular simple present updates, present participle updating, simple past and past participle updated)

updates (present singular third-person)
updating (participle present)
updated (participle past)
updated (past)

Danish: opdatere, opdatering

French: updater

pitää ajan tasalla

to advise a person so that they are up to date

I need to update my records to take account of the most recent transaction.

(transitive) To bring (a thing) up to date.

Update me on what happened while I was away.

(transitive) To bring (a person) up to date: to inform (a person) about recent developments.


communist

en-adj

communist (comparative more communist, superlative most communist)

more communist (comparative)
most communist (superlative)
Communist (alternative)

From French communiste, from commun (“common, communal”) + -iste (“-ist”). By surface analysis, commune + -ist.

anarcho-communist

anarchist communist, communist anarchist, free communist, libertarian communist

Of, relating to, supporting, or advocating communism.


communist

communists (plural)
Communist (alternative)

(communism) An advocate of a society based on the common ownership of property; a proponent of communism.

kommunis

person who follows a communist philosophy

(nonstandard) Any revolutionary or subversive radical.


communism

en-noun

communism (countable and uncountable, plural communisms)

communisms (plural)
Communism (alternative)

Etymology tree
Old Latin comoinis
Latin commūnis
Old French comun
French commun
Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō
Ancient Greek -ίζω (-ízō)
Proto-Indo-European *-mos
Proto-Indo-European *-mós
Ancient Greek -μός (-mós)
Ancient Greek -ισμός (-ismós)der.
Latin -ismusbor.
French -isme
French communismebor.
English communism
A borrowing from French communisme, which was formed from commun (“common”) (from Latin commūnis) and the suffix -isme (“-ism”). By surface analysis, commune + -ism.

anarcho-communism

anarchist communism, free communism, libertarian communism

Fully Automated Luxury Gay Space Communism

The international socialist society where classes, money, and the state no longer exist.


homosexual

/ˌhɒməʊˈsɛkʃuːəl/

/ˌhəʊməʊˈsɛkʃuːəl/

Charles Gilbert Chaddock
Karl Maria Kertbeny
Psychopathia Sexualis
Richard von Krafft-Ebing

Borrowed from German homosexual, from homo- (“same”) + sexual (“relating to sex or sexuality”), coined by Karl Maria Kertbeny in 1868, and popularized in Richard von Krafft-Ebing's Psychopathia Sexualis (2nd ed. 1887, in German) and Charles Gilbert Chaddock's 1892 English translation thereof (compare bisexual), displacing the slightly older term Uranian. Equivalent to homo- + -sexual.

It must not be understood that homosexuality is confined to women. Relationships of this type exist also among men, and in taki-taki are to be found words which are specific designations for male homosexuals, who are termed hantimąn, or awɛge.

1936, Melville J. Herskovits, Frances S. Herskovits, Suriname folk-lore, New York: Columbia University Press, page 32:

Soon, we got up, walked around the west side — toward the "meat rack" — the gay part of the park. There, it was as if someone had hung a line of marionettes on the railing: the lonesome young homosexuals, legs dangling, looking, waiting for that one-night's sexual connection...

1963, John Rechy, City of Night, page 48:

It was unheard-of for those of us who are 30-something or older to have had an openly gay role model when we were young. Homosexuals weren't depicted in the media in a positive light, if at all.

(typically formal, distancing or dated) A person who is sexually attracted solely or primarily to others of the same sex.

typically formal; distancing or dated; typically formal; distancing or dated

homoseksueel

person who is attracted solely or primarily to others of the same sex

one containing synonyms that generally are not derogatory and one containing those that generally are. However

note that the non-derogatory terms can nonetheless be used derogatorily

and that some of the derogatory ones are often used humorously and non-derogatorily by gay people and others


bicycle

→ Burmese: ဘိုင်စကယ် (bhuingca.kai)

→ Central Dusun: bosikol

→ Hawaiian: paikikala

desc

→ Kashubian: bajsykla (Canada, United States)

→ Malay: basikal

→ Maltese: bajsikil

→ Maori: paihikara

→ Papiamentu: baiskel

→⇒ Serbo-Croatian: bajs

→ Sranan Tongo: baisigri

Aukan: baisigii

Saramaccan: baisígi

→ Kari'na: paisiki

→ Swahili: baiskeli

→ Tausug: basikul

→ Urdu: بائیسِکَل (bāīsikal)

→ Welsh: beisicl

Borrowed from French bicycle (modern bicyclette), from bi- (“bi-”) + cycle (“cycle”). First attested in English in 1868, and in French in 1847.
(promiscuous woman): From double meaning of ride ("to transport oneself upon" vs. "to mount someone to have sex with them"). A communal bicycle would have many riders.

a woman needs a man like a fish needs a bicycle

a woman without a man is like a fish without a bicycle

(British, Australia, New Zealand) A motorbike.

(climbing) A stabilizing technique in which one foot is pushed down while the other is pulled up.

(poker slang) The wheel: either the lowest straight (A-2-3-4-5) or the best low hand in Lowball or High-low poker.


petroleum

en-noun

petroleum (countable and uncountable, plural petroleums or petrolea)

petroleums (plural)
petrolea (plural)
petrolaeum (alternative archaic)
petrolæum (alternative archaic)

From Medieval Latin petroleum, from petra (“rock”) + oleum (“oil”).

petroleum-based products

Coal and petroleum do not occur hap-hazard in nature, but the aggregate occurrence of each product in any region forms a definite, limited horizon, which, in its continuance, is independent of the bedding plane.

1940, William Plotts, Isogeotherm, Or Monist Theory of Stratified Mineral Occurrence and Origin, page 7:

A flammable liquid ranging in color from clear to very dark brown and black, consisting mainly of hydrocarbons, occurring naturally in deposits under the Earth's surface.


television

television (countable and uncountable, plural televisions)

→ Japanese: テレビジョン (terebijon), → Japanese: テレビ (terebi)

→ Korean: 텔레비전 (tellebijeon)

→ Malay: televisyen

→ Maltese: televixin

desctree

→ Sanskrit: दूरदर्शन (dūradarśana) (semantic loan)
→ Thai: โทรทัศน์ (too-rá-tát)
→ Lao: ໂທລະທັດ (thō la that)
→ Khmer: ទូរទស្សន៍ (tuurĕəʼtŭəh)

→ Swahili: televisheni

→ Yoruba: tẹlifíṣọ̀n

/ˈtɛlɪˌvɪʒən/

/ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən/

/ˌtɛlɪˈvɪʒən/

/ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən/

From tele- + vision; first attested in 1900, probably influenced by French télévision from Constantin Perskyi's 1900 paper that was unpublished but presented at a Paris conference.

It's a good thing that television doesn't transmit smell.

(uncountable, broadcasting) An electronic communication medium that allows the transmission of real-time visual images, and often sound.


nonagon

(geometry) A polygon with nine sides and nine angles; an enneagon.


bimonthly

The organization's bimonthly meetings allow for two discussions each quarter.

His bimonthly appointment was almost due.


bimonthly

The organization's board of directors meets bimonthly.


biweekly

From bi- + week + -ly. The sense referring to twice a week can be analyzed as bi- + weekly.

Occurring once every two weeks; fortnightly.


biweekly

biweeklies (plural)
bi-weekly (alternative)

The local paper is a biweekly.

Something that is published or released once every two weeks.

hamaboskari

something published or released once every two weeks


automobile

From French automobile, from Ancient Greek αὐτός (autós, “self”) + French mobile (“moving”), from Latin mōbilis (“movable”), equivalent to auto- (“self”) + mobile.

As early as 1898 I proposed to representatives of a large manufacturing concern the construction and public exhibition of an automobile carriage which, left to itself, would perform a great variety of operations involving something akin to judgment.


heterosexual

en-adj

heterosexual (comparative more heterosexual, superlative most heterosexual)

more heterosexual (comparative)
most heterosexual (superlative)

/ˌhɛtəɹəˈsɛkʃuəl/

/ˌhɛtəɹoʊˈsɛkʃuəl/

/ˌhɛtəɹəˈsɛkʃuəl/

/ˌhɛtɹəˈsɛkʃuəl/

Thai charter court rules that only heterosexual marriages are constitutional: Same-sex marriage in Thailand will have to wait, as the Constitutional Court ruled unanimously today (Wednesday) that Section 1448 of the Civil and Commercial Code, defining marriage as being a union between a man and a woman, is constitutional.

2021 November 17, Thai PBS, “Thai charter court rules that only heterosexual marriages are constitutional”, in Thai PBS World, Bangkok: Thai Public Broadcasting Service, retrieved 2021-11-17:

(of a person or other animal) Sexually attracted to members of the opposite sex.

heteroseksual

sexually attracted to members of the opposite sex


alkaloid

From alkali + -oid. Compare French alcaloïde.

The Aspidosperma alkaloids are the largest group of indole alkaloids.

1990, Song Liu, Syntheses of Aspidosperma Alkaloids, page 2:

Xanthosine, the initial substrate of purine alkaloid synthesis, is supplied by at least four different pathways […]

2010, Bertil B. Fredholm, Methylxanthines:

(organic chemistry) Any of many organic (often heterocyclic) bases that occur in nature and often have medicinal properties.


hexadecimal

en-noun

hexadecimal (countable and uncountable, plural hexadecimals)

1952. hexadeca- + decimal; see the Wikipedia article for more information.

(countable, computing) A number expressed in the hexadecimal system.


gamut

1520s, original sense “lowest note of musical scale”, contraction of Medieval Latin gamma ut, from gamma (“Greek letter, corresponding to the musical note G”) + ut (“first solfège syllable, now replaced by do”). In modern terms, “G do” – the first note of the G scale. Meaning later extended to mean all the notes of a scale, and then more generally any complete range.

(music) All the notes in a musical scale.


alchemy

alchemy (countable and uncountable, plural alchemies)

From Old French alkimie, arquemie (French alchimie), from Medieval Latin alchēmia, from Arabic اَلْكِيمِيَاء (al-kīmiyāʔ), from Ancient Greek χυμείᾱ (khumeíā, “art of alloying metals”), from χύμα (khúma, “ingot, bar”). Compare Spanish alquimia and Italian alchimia.

der

اَلْكِيمِيَاء

Arabic اَلْكِيمِيَاء (al-kīmiyāʔ)

And yet surely to alchemy this right is due, that it may be compared to the husbandman whereof Æsop makes the fable; that, when he died, told his sons that he had left unto them gold buried underground in his vineyard; and they digged over all the ground, and gold they found none; but by reason of their stirring and digging the mould about the roots of their vines, they had a great vintage the year following: so assuredly the search and stir to make gold hath brought to light a great number of good and fruitful inventions and experiments, as well for the disclosing of nature as for the use of man’s life.

1605, Francis Bacon, The Advancement of Learning, IV. (11):

The [Isaac] Newton that emerges from the [unpublished] manuscripts is far from the popular image of a rational practitioner of cold and pure reason. The architect of modern science was himself not very modern. He was obsessed with alchemy.

2014 June 21, “Magician’s brain”, in The Economist, volume 411, number 8892:

The purpose of physical alchemy—as opposed to its various spiritual pursuits—was to treat the supposed leprosity of base metals such as lead, refining and purifying them into gold.

(uncountable) The premodern and early modern study of physical changes, particularly in Europe, Arabia, and China; and chiefly in pursuit of an elixir of immortality, a universal panacea, and/or a philosopher's stone able to transmute base metals into gold, eventually developing into chemistry.


eigenvalue

From eigen- + value, a partial calque of German Eigenwert.

The eigenvalues #92;lambda of a square transformation matrix #92;mathrm#123;M#125; may be found by solving #92;det(#92;mathrm#123;M#125;-#92;lambda#92;mathrm#123;I#125;)#61;0.

In the extension, one associates eigenvalues, sets of scalars, with arrays of matrices by considering the singularity of linear combinations of the matrices in the various rows, involving the same coefficients in each case. Attention to this area was called in the early 1920's by R. D. Carmichael, who pointed out in addition the enormous variety of mixed eigenvalue problems with several parameters.

1972, F. V. Atkinson, Multiparameter Eigenvalue Problems, Volume I: Matrices and Compact Operators, Academic Press, page x:

For many quantum-mechanical problems it is important to investigate the change of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions with the continuous change of one or more parameters. The case in which one knows the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions for two special values of the parameters, and is interested in the region in between is particularly interesting.

2000, John von Neumann, E. Wigner, “On the Behaviour of Eigenvalues in Adiabatic Processes”, in Hinne Hettema, transl., edited by Hinne Hettema, Quantum Chemistry: Classic Scientific Papers, World Scientific, published 1929, page 25:

Problems that require an investigation of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions arise in connection with numerous topics in mechanics, the theory of vibrations and stability, hydrodynamics, elasticity, acoustics, electrodynamics, quantum mechanics, etc.

2005, Leonid D. Akulenko, Sergei V. Nesterov, High-Precision Methods in Eigenvalue Problems and Their Applications, CRC Press (Chapman & Hall), page 1:

To find all the eigenvalues of A, solve the characteristic equation.
For each eigenvalue λ, to find the corresponding set of eigenvectors, solve the linear system of equations […]

(Can we date this quote?), “Lesson 12”, in University College London, page 1:

(linear algebra) A scalar, λ, such that there exists a non-zero vector x (a corresponding eigenvector) for which the image of x under a given linear operator A is equal to the image of x under multiplication by λ; i.e. Ax=λx.


eigenvector

From eigen- + vector, a partial calque of German Eigenvektor.
The prefix eigen- (also used in eigenvalue) was first used in 1904, by David Hilbert, and was possibly inspired by a related usage by Hermann von Helmholtz.

(physics, engineering) A right eigenvector; given a matrix A, the eigenvector of the transformation "left-side multiplication by A."


electrocution

en-noun

electrocution (countable and uncountable, plural electrocutions)

/ɪˌlɛktɹəˈkjuːʃən/

Blend of electro- + execution. By surface analysis, electrocute + -ion.

The accidental death or suicide by electric shock.


neural

From Ancient Greek νεῦρον (neûron, “a sinew, nerve”) + -al.

der

(computing) Modelled on the arrangement of neurons in the brain.


asexual

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-asexual.wav

Many asexual people experience attraction, but feel no need to act out that attraction sexually. Because they don't see a lack of sexual arousal as a problem to be corrected, asexual people focus their energy on enjoying other types of arousal and pleasure.

2010, Jerrold S. Greenberg, Clint E. Bruess, Sarah C. Conklin, Exploring the Dimensions of Human Sexuality, fourth edition, pages 357-358:

Benoit is determined to ensure other asexual (or “ace”) people don’t feel broken or alone in a world in which lust and desire pulsate through our entire culture.

2021 March 21, Jamie Waters, “‘I don’t want sex with anyone’: the growing asexuality movement”, in The Observer:

(especially of a person) Not experiencing sexual attraction; lacking interest in or desire for sex.

(biology) Lacking distinct sex, lacking sexual organs.

asexual reproduction

They traced the ancient lineages of two species to reveal the insects' lengthy history of asexual reproduction.

2011 July 19, Ella Davies, “Stick insects survive one million years without sex”, in BBC:

(biology) Without sexual action; reproducing by some other method than sex.


asexual

11.2 Demonstrating the Status of Long-Lived Asexuals
… Indeed, if sex has so many advantages, then which special adaptations - if any - allow long-term survival without it? However, the main task of the research teams dealing with such putative ancient asexuals has thus far been to demonstrate that their respective groups (mainly bdelloids, darwinulids and certain lineages within orbatid mites) indeed merit the status.

2009, Isa Schön, Giampaolo Rossetti, Koen Martens, Darwinulid Ostracods: Ancient Asexual Scandals or Scandalous Gossip?, published as Chapter 11 of Lost Sex: The Evolutionary Biology of Parthenogenesis, Isa Schön, Koen Martens, Peter van Dijk (editors), page 221

(biology) A species which reproduces by asexual rather than sexual reproduction, or a member of such a species.

A person who does not experience sexual attraction; a person who lacks interest in or desire for sex.

aseksualista

a person who does not experience sexual attraction


claustrophobia

en-noun

claustrophobia (usually uncountable, plural claustrophobias)

From Latin claustrum (“a shut-in place”), from Latin claudō (“I shut, close; I imprison, confine”) + -phobia. First attested in the British Medical Journal.

af

The first scenes, which take place in a minitheater that keeps shrinking, will be painful for anyone with even a tinge of claustrophobia.

2007 June 16, Ben Brantley, “An Artist’s Look Back at Her Life, Now Ended”, in The New York Times:

(Editor’s note: Those who suffer from claustrophobia, kabourophobia, arachnophobia or thalassophobia are advised to skip the above trailer.)

2024 August 11, Andrew Torgan and Daniel Wine, “Start your week smart: Gymnast stripped of medal, Brazil plane crash, Trump campaign hack, fighting inside Russia”, in CNN:


canophilia

Synonym of cynophilia (“The love of dogs.”).


cartophilia

The love of cigarette cards, trade cards, postcards, etc.


capitalist

From French capitaliste; equivalent to capital + -ist. Derived from Proto-Indo-European *káput (“head”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kap-.

Near-synonyms: businessman, financier, industrialist

The labourers do only receive, and ever have only received, as much as will subsist them, the landlords receive the surplus produce of the more fertile soils, and all the rest of the whole produce of labour in this and in every country goes to the capitalist under the name of profit for the use of his capital.

1922 [1825], Thomas Hodgskin with G. D. H. Cole, Labour Defended against the Claims of Capital, published 1828, page 31:

As capitalist, he is only capital personified. His soul is the soul of capital. But capital has one single life impulse, the tendency to create value and surplus-value, to make its constant factor, the means of production, absorb the greatest possible amount of surplus labour.

1906 [1867], Karl Marx, chapter X, in Edward Aveling, Samuel Moore, transl., edited by Friedrich Engels, Capital, volume 1, page 257:

The separation was made complete between the means of production concentrated in the hands of the capitalists, on the one side, and the producers, possessing nothing but their labor-power, on the other.

1907 [1880], Friedrich Engels, chapter III, in Edward Aveling, transl., Socialism: Utopian and Scientific, page 55:

That is all that is asked; and no capitalist in New England can make one quarter on capital in ordinary investments, on what can be made upon Chicago real estate.

1871, John Stephen Wright, Wright's Proposition to a Chicago Railway Capitalist, page 40:

“I have tried, as I hinted, to enlist the co-operation of other capitalists, but experience has taught me that any appeal is futile that does not impinge directly upon cupidity.[…]”

1913, Robert Barr, chapter 4, in Lord Stranleigh Abroad:

Every rail company worth its salt wanted to connect with London. Interestingly, it was largely that way around - provincial entrepreneurs wanting to connect with the capital, rather than London capitalists seeking to spread outwards.

2021 January 13, Christian Wolmar, “Read all about London's Cathedrals of Steam”, in RAIL, issue 922, page 62:

Someone whose wealth (capital) is invested in business ventures in order to return a profit.


mid-December

Mr. Manchin has insisted that legislation to streamline the permitting of fossil fuel and energy infrastructure projects, including the West Virginia pipeline, be tied to the spending measure, which is expected to keep the government funded through mid-December.

2022 September 21, Emily Cochrane, Lisa Friedman, “Manchin’s Gas Pipeline Deal Irks Both Parties, Snarling Spending Bill”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


mid-February

Temperatures in Bangkok fell as low as 59.3 degrees Fahrenheit (15.2 degrees Celsius) on Monday, the lowest the capital has seen in years, as the country’s weather agency warned cool conditions could persist through mid-February.

2025 January 14, Jay Ganglani and Kocha Olarn, “59 degrees Fahrenheit might not sound that chilly. In Thailand’s capital, it’s a shock to the system”, in CNN:

Saturday’s tariffs are unlikely to be Trump’s last. The president said himself said in the Oval Office that additional tariffs could come by mid-February on chips, pharmaceuticals, steel, aluminum, copper, oil and gas imports – along with tariffs on the European Union – all threats that few would discount given his willingness to follow through on the North American and China tariffs on Saturday.

2025 February 1, Kevin Liptak, “With stiff tariffs he promised now in place, Trump opens a new trade war”, in CNN:


mid-March

US District Judge James Boasberg ruled Wednesday that “probable cause exists” to hold Trump administration officials in criminal contempt for violating his orders in mid-March halting the use of the Alien Enemies Act to deport alleged Venezuelan gang members.

2025 April 16, Devan Cole and Katelyn Polantz, “Boasberg finds ‘probable cause exists’ to hold Trump administration in contempt for violating orders on deportation flights”, in CNN:


mid-April

But it was Kirsche’s tweets in mid-April that drew her Gamer Supps partnership back into the public spotlight.

2025 April 21, Ana Velans, “Why Is This ‘Gamer Supps’ VTuber Pushing the Great Replacement Theory?”, in VICE, archived from the original on 2025-05-14:


mid-autumn

en-noun

mid-autumn (countable and uncountable, plural mid-autumns)

mid-autumns (plural)
midautumn (alternative)


mid-autumn

(British) Happening in the middle of autumn.


polyamory

polyamory (usually uncountable, plural polyamories)

polyamories (plural)
polyamoury (alternative rare)

[ˌpɒlɪˈæməɹi]

From poly- (from Ancient Greek πολύς (polús, “many”)) + Latin amor (“love”) + -y.

af

from Ancient Greek <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">πολύς</i> (polús, “many”)

Some of these are poly intimacy, polyamory, polygamy, omnigamy, multimate, multiple adult relationship, combo, cellular family, expanded family, nonexclusive relationship, intimate friendship and inclusive relationship.

1992, Deborah M. Anapol, Love without limits, page 4:

Any of various practices involving romantic or sexual relationships with multiple partners with the knowledge and consent of all involved.

poliamorie

practices involving relationships with multiple partners


chloride

/ˈklɔːˌɹaɪd/

From chlor(ine) + -ide, coined by British chemist Humphry Davy in 1812.

coin

Another type, also common in the Taipei area has more chlorides than sulfates, and while it is also hot, its flavor is more salty than sour. The springs at Chinshan on the north coast are typical of this type.

1982 February 21, “Wulai: Hot springs resort with treasury of culture”, in Free China Weekly, volume XXII, number 7, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 2, column 2:

Klopfer and Gamble (1966) gave 16 female goats (C. hircus) 5 min of contact with their young at parturition. Nine of the mothers had been temporarily rendered anosmic (could not smell) at parturition by spraying a 10% cocaine hydrogen chloride solution into their nostrils 20–90 min prior to parturition. […] Eight of the nine females who were anosmic at parturition but could smell at reintroduction accepted their own offspring, as well as alien young during reinstatement.

2008, Edward O. Price, “Maternal and Neonatal Behavior”, in Principles and Applications of Domestic Animal Behavior: An Introductory Text, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, Cambridge, Mass.: CABI, →ISBN, page 149:

The Renew is also free of polyvinyl chloride, asbestos, chlorofluorocarbons and halons.

2009 February 12, Azadeh Ensha, “A Cellphone That Is Made With the Environment in Mind”, in The New York Times:

McCoy’s team, including 66 researchers across four continents, found the salt and minerals left behind as water on Bennu, or its larger parent asteroid, evaporated. The minerals include sodium phosphates, carbonates, sulfates, chlorides and fluorides, some of which are necessary to the formation of life.

2025 January 29, Ashley Strickland, “Historic asteroid sample reveals the ‘building blocks of life are in fact extraterrestrial in origin,’ scientists say”, in CNN:

(chemistry) Any salt of hydrochloric acid, such as sodium chloride, or any binary compound of chlorine and another element or radical.

potassium magnesium chloride hexahydrate


hypertext

en-noun

hypertext (countable and uncountable, plural hypertexts)

From hyper- + text; coined by American information technologist, philosopher, and sociologist Ted Nelson in 1965.

coin

We do not read hypertext the same way we read a novel, and browsing the Web is a different experience from reading a book or newspaper.

2009, Christian Vandendorpe, Phyllis Aronoff, and Howard Scott (Phyllis Aronoff, Howard Scott, transl.), From Papyrus to Hypertext: Toward the Universal Digital Library, University of Illinois Press, p 1

Further, hypertext systems, because of their ease of construction, are very rich in text, graphics and visual illustrations.

1999, Ray McAleese, Hypertext: Theory into Practice, Intellect Books, →ISBN, page 2:

1995, Gary Wolf, "The Curse of Xanadu", WIRED
Did Nelson realize at the time that he had met Xanadu's second parent? Probably not. The inventor scattered his ideas as widely as possible, with little care about where they landed. But as the decades passed, it would be Gregory who oversaw the attempt to transform Xanadu into a real product. He never received much public notice, but through all the project's painful deaths and rebirths, Gregory's commitment to Nelson's dream of a universal hypertext library never waned. If Ted Nelson is Xanadu's profligate father, Roger Gregory is Xanadu's devoted mother, and in retrospect, his role appears to have been intertwined with a terrible element of sacrifice.

(uncountable) Digital text in which the reader may navigate related information through embedded hyperlinks.

A hypertext system, then, is a memex-like device for creating and manipulating hypertexts, both for on-line browsing, and for reducing selected portions of such texts to . .

1969, S. Carmody, W. Gross, T. Nelson, D. Rice, and A. van Dam, “A Hypertext Editing System for the /360”, in Michael Faiman and Jurg Nievergelt, Pertinent Concepts in Computer Graphics: Proceedings, University of Illinois Press, p 296


dysfunction

en-verb

dysfunction (third-person singular simple present dysfunctions, present participle dysfunctioning, simple past and past participle dysfunctioned)

dysfunctions (present singular third-person)
dysfunctioning (participle present)
dysfunctioned (participle past)
dysfunctioned (past)
disfunction (alternative rare)

(nonstandard, intransitive, chiefly biology) To fail to function correctly; to malfunction.


upgrade

upgrade (third-person singular simple present upgrades, present participle upgrading, simple past and past participle upgraded)

upgrades (present singular third-person)
upgrading (participle present)
upgraded (participle past)
upgraded (past)

She waited a long time to upgrade from Windows 10 to Windows 11, hoping the worst bugs would be worked out before she took the plunge.

She waited a long time to upgrade Windows, hoping the worst bugs would be worked out before she took the plunge.

(intransitive, transitive, computing) To replace a program with a later version of itself, a version having a higher version number or marketed under a more recent product name.

actualitzar

to replace a program with a later version of itself


halitosis

en-noun

halitosis (countable and uncountable, plural halitoses)

Coined by doctor Joseph William Howe in 1874 and described as being derived from the Latin hālitus (literally “whiff, breath”) and the Ancient Greek νόσος (nósos, literally “disease”). It can be also understood as combination of the Latin hālitus and the English suffix -osis.

der

Bad breath or halitosis is an indication of a disturbed digestive system. It is indicative of a bowel toxemia in either the small or large intestine with an overgrowth of bacteria or yeast.

2004, Dicken Weatherby, Signs and Symptoms Analysis from a Functional Perspective, Weatherby & Associates, LLC, →ISBN, page 115:

For example, the word halitosis was almost completely unknown among the general public until the early 20th century when a business owner named Gerard Lambert started using it to sell a new product called Listerine. By giving a mundane fact of life (bad breath) a scientific sounding label, Lambert elevated the authority and desirability of his product many times over.

[2018 June 13, Michael Schein, “Author Simon Sinek Is Full Of Hot Air (And Other Reasons You Should Follow His Lead)”, in Forbes:

(pathology) The condition of having stale or foul-smelling breath.

بَخَر

condition of having foul-smelling breath


genocide

en-noun

genocide (countable and uncountable, plural genocides)

Armenian genocide
Terminology of the Armenian genocide
The Holocaust
genocide

Coined by lawyer of Polish-Jewish descent Raphael Lemkin in 1943 or 1944 in reference to the Armenian Genocide (then known by other names; see: Terminology of the Armenian genocide) and the Jewish Holocaust. From the stem of Ancient Greek γένος (génos, “race, kind”) (cognate with Latin gēns (“tribe, clan”), whence genus) + -cide (“killing, killer”). Piecewise doublet of gendercide. Compare genticide.

der

Native Americans in the twentieth century are no longer a "vanishing race" or a silent minority. They have survived centuries of cultural genocide inflicted on them by non-Native Americans— both the well-meaning and the self-seeking— […]

1986, James Stuart Olson, Raymond Wilson, Native Americans in the Twentieth Century, →ISBN:

(by extension) The systematic suppression of ideas or practices on the basis of cultural or ethnic origin; culturicide.


bicyclic

(physical chemistry, organic chemistry) A bicyclic compound.


oxidation

en-noun

oxidation (countable and uncountable, plural oxidations)

From French oxydation, equivalent to oxide + -ation. See oxidate.

(chemistry) A reaction in which the atoms of an element lose electrons and the oxidation state of the element increases.


orthonormal

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-orthonormal.wav

Blend of orthogonal + normal, equivalent to ortho- + normal.

linear transformation
linear transformation

(functional analysis, geometry, linear algebra) Of a linear transformation: that preserves both angles and lengths.


bigamy

bigamy (countable and uncountable, plural bigamies)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-bigamy.wav

From Middle English bigamie (“having two spouses simultaneously, bigamy; second marriage; marrying a widow or widower”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman bigamie and Middle French bigamie (“having two spouses simultaneously; second marriage; marrying a widow or widower”) (modern French bigamie (“bigamy”)), and its etymon Late Latin bigamia (“having two spouses simultaneously; second marriage”), from Late Latin, Latin bigamus (“bigamous”) + -ia (variant of -ius (suffix forming adjectives from nouns)). Bigamus is derived from bis (“twice, two times”) + Ancient Greek γάμος (gámos, “marriage; matrimony”) (from Proto-Indo-European *ǵem- (“to marry”)). The English word is analysable as bi- + -gamy.

der

Bigamie was a counterplea (deuiſed at yͤ Councell of Lyons, vpon mislike of ſecond marriage) to be obiected, when the priſoner demaundeth the benefite of the Clergie, to wit, his Book, as namely to ſay, that he which demaundeth the priuiledge of the Clergie, was married to ſuch a woman at ſuch a place, within ſuch a Dioceſſe, and that ſhee is dead, and that hee hath married another woman within the ſame Dioceſſe, or within ſome other Dioceſſe, and ſo is Bigamus.

1624, [John Rastell], “Bigamie”, in Les Termes de la Ley: Or, Certaine Difficult and Obscure VVords and Termes of the Common Lawes of This Realme Expounded. […], new edition, London: […] Company of Stationers, →OCLC, folio 45, recto and verso:

(ecclesiastical law, historical) A second marriage after the death of a spouse.


panphobia

I would say that I’ve probably encountered more disbelief/disrespect/panphobia from the queer community than from my straight friends, which I think is really interesting.

2013, anonymous, quoted in Ayisigi Hale Gonel, "Pansexual Identification in Online Communities: Employing a Collaborative Queer Method to Study Pansexuality", Graduate Journal of Social Science, Volume 10, Issue 1 (2013), pages 51-52

Panphobia has arisen via accusations they're trying to 'one up' bisexuals, […]

2016 February 15, Zoe Godden, “What Is Pansexuality?”, in The Courier, Newcastle University, page 13:

Biphobia / panphobia is still very real and alive today. As a pansexual woman, my identity and experiences have been denied many times […]

2020, Hope, quoted in Queerfully and Wonderfully Made: A Guide for LGBTQ+ Christian Teens (ed. Leigh Finke), page 197

(neologism) Fear, dislike, or hatred of pansexual people and/or pansexuality.

panphobie

fear, dislike, or hatred of pansexual people


infrared

en-noun

infrared (countable and uncountable, plural infrareds)

/ˌɪnfɹəˈɹɛd/

/ˌɪnfɹəˈɹed/

In his room, he could install his infrareds without being discovered.

Beams are the active counterparts of passive infrareds (PIRs). Since these are active infrareds, they require two parts: a transmitter and a receiver.

2007, Ed Morawski, Solving the Security Puzzle, page 79:

Additionally, infrareds tend to cook food faster so there's less time to render said fat.

2020, Jenny Dorsey, The Infrared Grill Master: Recipes and Techniques for Perfectly Seared, Deliciously Smokey BBQ Every Time:

(countable) A device that emits infrared radiation.


quadriplegia

quadriplegia (countable and uncountable, plural quadriplegias)

/ˌkwɒdɹɪˈpliːd͡ʒə/

From quadri- (“four”) + -plegia, from Ancient Greek πλήσσειν (plḗssein, “to strike”); probably patterned after paraplegia.


quadriplegic

From quadri- (of Latin origins) and -plegic, from Ancient Greek πλήσσειν (plḗssein, “to strike”); probably patterned after paraplegic from the Ancient Greek παραπληγή (paraplēgḗ, “the paralysis of half of the body”).

Their life together changed on November 13, 1983, when Kowalski was involved in a car accident that left her a quadriplegic.

1985 August 24, Marcos Bisticas-Cocoves, “Disabled Lesbian Allowed Visitation by Lover”, in Gay Community News, volume 13, number 7, page 1:


overdose

en-verb

overdose (third-person singular simple present overdoses, present participle overdosing, simple past and past participle overdosed)

overdoses (present singular third-person)
overdosing (participle present)
overdosed (participle past)
overdosed (past)

/ˌəʊvə(ɹ)ˈdəʊs/

(transitive) To dose to excess; to give an overdose, or too many doses, to someone.


sociopath

From socio- + -path. First use appears c. 1914.

And Keith Rabois, an early executive at PayPal and LinkedIn, who in 2016 called Trump a “sociopath”, pledged $1mn to his campaign.

2024 July 20, Tabby Kinder, George Hammond, Hannah Murphy, Alex Rogers, quoting Keith Rabois, “Has Silicon Valley gone Maga?”, in FT Weekend, Big Read, page 6:

antisocial personality disorder
antisocial personality disorder

A person with an antisocial personality disorder.

сацыяпа́т

person with antisocial personality disorder

反社会性パーソナリティ障害

はんしゃかいせいパーソナリティしょうがい


beatnik

San Francisco Chronicle
Sputnik program
beatnik

Coined by American columnist Herb Caen in 1958. From beat (generation) + -nik (“person who exemplifies or endorses something”). Compare jazznik.
The suffix, a cutesy or ironic use of the Russian suffix -ник (-nik), experienced a surge of use in English coinages for nicknames and diminutives after the 1957 Soviet launch of the Sputnik satellite.

suffix

A person who dresses in a manner that is not socially acceptable and is supposed to reject conventional norms of thought and behavior; nonconformist in dress and behavior.

In tight black jeans and black polo-neck sweater he reminded her of an old-fashioned beatnik.

2014, Ian McEwan, The Children Act, Penguin Random House (2018), page 185:

A person associated with the Beat Generation of the 1950s and 1960s or its style.


underrate

en-verb

underrate (third-person singular simple present underrates, present participle underrating, simple past and past participle underrated)

underrates (present singular third-person)
underrating (participle present)
underrated (participle past)
underrated (past)

(transitive) To underestimate; to make too low a rate or estimate.


underrate

to sell a thing at an underrate


downblouse

Describing a voyeuristic image of the view down a woman's blouse, showing her cleavage.


talkative

en-adj

talkative (comparative more talkative, superlative most talkative)

more talkative (comparative)
most talkative (superlative)

From Middle English talkatyve, equivalent to talk + -ative.

a talkative girl

a talkative TV show

Tarzan nodded his head. He was a man of few words, and possibly it was for this reason as much as any that Kadour ben Saden had taken to him, for if there be one thing that an Arab despises it is a talkative man.

1913, Edgar Rice Burroughs, The Return of Tarzan, New York: Ballantyne Books, published 1963, page 68:

ثَرْثَار

tending to talk or speak freely or often


dualism

en-noun

dualism (countable and uncountable, plural dualisms)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-dualism.wav

(philosophy) The view that the world consists of, or is explicable in terms of, two fundamental principles, such as mind and matter or good and evil.

ثَنَوِيَّة

the view that the world consists of two fundamental principles

(international law) The legal doctrine that international law must be transposed into domestic law to have effect.

(chemistry, dated) The theory, originated by Lavoisier and developed by Berzelius, that all definite compounds are binary in their nature, and consist of two distinct constituents, themselves simple or complex, and having opposite chemical or electrical affinities.


redox

en-verb

redox (third-person singular simple present redoxes, present participle redoxing, simple past and past participle redoxed)

redoxes (present singular third-person)
redoxing (participle present)
redoxed (participle past)
redoxed (past)

(transitive) To subject to a redox reaction.


hexavalent

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-hexavalent.wav

(chemistry) Having an atomic valence of 6.


downgrade

A reduction of a rating, as a financial or credit rating.


cartophily

the hobby of collecting trade cards, especially cigarette cards


codicology

en-noun

codicology (usually uncountable, plural codicologies)

Adapted borrowing of French codicologie + -ology, from Latin cōdic- (stem of cōdex) + French -ologie.

af

stem of <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">cōdex</i>

The study of codices (early handwritten books).


upriver

en-adj

upriver (comparative further upriver, superlative furthest upriver)

further upriver (comparative)
furthest upriver (superlative)
up-river (alternative)


uppile

en-verb

uppile (third-person singular simple present uppiles, present participle uppiling, simple past and past participle uppiled)

uppiles (present singular third-person)
uppiling (participle present)
uppiled (participle past)
uppiled (past)


upturn

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-upturn.wav

From Middle English upturnen, equivalent to up- + turn.

Near-synonyms: increase; improvement

An upward turn or trend, especially in business activity or profit.


upturned

en-adj

upturned (comparative more upturned, superlative most upturned)

more upturned (comparative)
most upturned (superlative)


neurotransmitter

Together with this is the influence of an infinite number of neurotransmitters, neurohormones, environmental hazards, and accidental programmings.

2016, David R. Hawkins, The Eye of the I: From Which Nothing is Hidden, page 142:

The class of antidepressants most commonly associated with sexual dysfunction is selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or SSRIs, which treat depression by ultimately increasing levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain.

2024 March 21, Kristen Rogers, “If antidepressants are killing your sex life, here’s what you can do”, in CNN:

(biochemistry, neuroscience) Any substance, such as acetylcholine or dopamine, responsible for sending nerve signals across a synapse between two neurons.

نَاقِل عَصَبِيّ

substance responsible for sending nerve signals across a synapse between two neurons

神経伝達物質

しんけいでんたつぶっしつ

нейромедіа́тор m (nejromediátor, literally “neuromediator”)


drainage

en-noun

drainage (countable and uncountable, plural drainages)

/ˈdɹeɪnəd͡ʒ/

It should move NR away from previous examples of repairs that have treated the symptoms (fixing the landslip) but not fixed the underlying cause (poor drainage), with the result that a second slip followed.

2023 June 14, Philip Haigh, “Landslips: NR strives to turn back the tide”, in RAIL, number 985, page 35:

A natural or artificial means for the removal of fluids from a given area by its draining away.


hyperactive

en-adj

hyperactive (comparative more hyperactive, superlative most hyperactive)

more hyperactive (comparative)
most hyperactive (superlative)

attention deficit disorder
attention deficit disorder

having attention deficit disorder (no longer used by the scientific community)


chocoholic

Etymology tree
Classical Nahuatl chocolatlbor.
Spanish chocolatebor.
English chocolate
Middle English alcofol
English alcohol
Proto-Italic *-kos
Latin -cus
Latin -icuslbor.
Old French -iquebor.
Middle English -ik
English -ic
English alcoholic
English -holic
English chocoholic
From chocolate + -holic.

etymon

Chocoholics are confessing at the rate of the nuns of Loudon to demonic possession.

1983, Betty Fussell, Masters of American Cookery, University of Nebraska Press, published 2005, →ISBN, part 3, 367:

Someone who has such a liking for chocolate that they appear to be addicted to it.


audiophile

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-audiophile.wav

However, almost every serious audiophile or electronics hobbyist already knows that bar/graph displays are close to useless for the application they are most commonly used for, which is the attempt to indicate output power levels of audio power amplifiers.

2001, G. Randy Slone, The Audiophile's Project Sourcebook: 120 High-Performance Audio Electronics Projects, McGraw-Hill, →ISBN, page 246:

A person with an interest in high fidelity music and/or sound reproduction and its associated technology.


autoclave

Borrowed from French autoclave, formed with prefix auto- + Latin clavis (“key”).


insectophobia

Remembering her insectophobia I did not point out the amazing line of ants ferrying leaves up the wall.

(pathology) An abnormal fear of insects.


downpour

en-verb

downpour (third-person singular simple present downpours, present participle downpouring, simple past and past participle downpoured)

downpours (present singular third-person)
downpouring (participle present)
downpoured (participle past)
downpoured (past)

It started to downpour, so Billy and I made our way back to our house, with Scotty following—or so I thought.

2002, Patricia Koretchuk, Chasing the comet: a Scottish-Canadian life - Page 211:

(intransitive) To pour down; rain heavily.


meritocracy

en-noun

meritocracy (countable and uncountable, plural meritocracies)

/mɛɹɪˈtɒkɹəsi/

/mɛɹəˈtɑkɹəsi/

From merit + -o- + -cracy, coined by British sociologist Alan Fox in 1956 in an article in Socialist Commentary from May 1956, used as a derisive term, and popularized by British sociologist Michael Young, Baron Young of Dartington in his 1958 book The Rise of the Meritocracy.

coinage

As a small nation without natural resources, Singapore relies on education and meritocracy to develop its economy.

In Markovits’s telling, the rise of the meritocracy is a story of unintended consequences.

2019 May 9, Sarah Leonard, “The Fall of the Meritocracy”, in The New Republic:

Its faculty has also been a factory of books taking differing positions on the merits and demerits of meritocracy and elite education.

2019 September 9, Jennifer Schuessler, “The Meritocrat Who Wants to Unwind the Meritocracy”, in The New York Times:

A type of society where wealth, income, and social status are assigned through competition.


vexillology

First attested in 1959. From Latin vexillum (“flag”) + -logy, equivalent to vexillo- + -logy.

Vexillology can help us to delve into national and global history.

Sheldon: Over the next few 52 weeks, you and I are going to explore the dynamic world of vexillology.

2012 January 26, “The Beta Test Initiation” (0:18), in The Big Bang Theory, season 5, episode 14, spoken by Sheldon Cooper and Amy Farrah Fowler (Jim Parsons and Mayim Bialik):


overrated

en-adj

overrated (comparative more overrated, superlative most overrated)

more overrated (comparative)
most overrated (superlative)
over-rated (alternative)

/ˌəʊvəˈɹeɪtɪd/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-overrated.wav

My sister is an overrated singer.

I say, “Tom Cruise,” because I know Irene hates Tom Cruise and she'll go on and on about why he's completely overrated.

2008, Lisa Tucker, Shout Down the Moon, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN:

Given an undue amount of credit for quality or merit in a field; not necessarily related to popularity.


bioluminescence

en-noun

bioluminescence (countable and uncountable, plural bioluminescences)

(biology, biochemistry) The emission of light by a living organism (such as a firefly).


hypercorrect

en-adj

hypercorrect (comparative more hypercorrect, superlative most hypercorrect)

more hypercorrect (comparative)
most hypercorrect (superlative)
hyper-correct (alternative)

Back-formation from hypercorrection, equivalent to hyper- + correct.

(linguistics) Nonstandard because of a mistaken idea of standard usage.

矯枉過正的 /矫枉过正的

nonstandard because of a mistaken idea of standard usage


hypercorrect

en-verb

hypercorrect (third-person singular simple present hypercorrects, present participle hypercorrecting, simple past and past participle hypercorrected)

hypercorrects (present singular third-person)
hypercorrecting (participle present)
hypercorrected (participle past)
hypercorrected (past)
hyper-correct (alternative)

I use reduplicate to mean "redouble," though both words should mean "quadruple," but English is funny that way, so hold off on the hypercorrecting "gotcha!"

2007 October 28, William Safire, “And Now This”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-11-26:

(transitive, linguistics) To change (a word or phrase) to a nonstandard form in the mistaken belief that it is standard usage.

Likewise, both the chapcha that accompanies the modern Hebrew handshake and the explicit demand to shake hands like a "male" stem from the need to overcompensate (or hypercorrect) for the effeminacy, passivity, feebleness, and bodily unfitness so often ascribed to Jews by other Europeans (especially by Germans) in the nineteenth century.

2012, Benjamin Maria Baader, Sharon Gillerman, Paul Lerner, editors, Jewish Masculinities: German Jews, Gender, and History, Bloomington, I.N., Indianapolis, I.N.: Indiana University Press, →ISBN, page 163:

But their different life stages also provide the writers with much-needed fuel for conflict. It would be tempting to hypercorrect for the negative media representation of bisexuals by making Darryl infallible, but it's more helpful for the show to simply treat him as human. And that's exactly what McKenna and crew have been so careful to do.

2016 March 7, Samantha Allen, “'Crazy Ex-Girlfriend' Is Smashing Stereotypes of Male Bisexuality, One '80s Jam at a Time”, in The Daily Beast, archived from the original on 2022-07-04:

Let everything stand as it was tweeted or posted. We're not fooling anyone by pretending that people don't make typos, that they always know how to spell things correctly, or that they care about standard capitalization rules, and a reader will always be able to find the original tweet (if not least because it's been linked or embedded in the post in which it was quoted), and efforts to hypercorrect can appear silly or stodgy.

2017, Emmy J. Favilla, A World Without "Whom": The Essential Guide to Language in the BuzzFeed Age, London […]: Bloomsbury, →ISBN, page 191:

(transitive, rare) To correct excessively.


downmarket

en-adj

downmarket (comparative more downmarket, superlative most downmarket)

more downmarket (comparative)
most downmarket (superlative)

Near-synonym: low-end

(economics) Designed for low-income consumers.


liposuction

en-noun

liposuction (countable and uncountable, plural liposuctions)

Wasn't my Mom a betty? She died when I was just a baby. A fluke accident during a routine liposuction. I don't remember her, but I like to pretend she still watches over me.

1995, Amy Heckerling, Clueless, spoken by Cher (Alicia Silverstone):

Dr. Peter Normann, the physician who performed liposuctions and other procedures, has been charged in Superior Court with two counts of second-degree murder and one count of manslaughter.

2008 October 22, Associated Press, “Physician Faces Murder Charges for 3 Liposuction Deaths”, in Fox News:

One of my patients, a beautiful 25-year-old woman, was left with shark bite-sized divots all over her thighs and stomach after undergoing laser liposuction by a family medicine doctor.

2012 July 25, Dr. Anthony Youn, “Plastic surgery: ‘Wild West’ of medicine”, in CNN:

But a number of surgeons and clinics have reported an increased demand for surgery on those body parts most visible during video calls – neck liposuctions, lower facelifts and under-eye fillers.

2021 May 30, Oscar Holland, “From ancient Egypt to Beverly Hills: A brief history of plastic surgery”, in CNN:

(medicine) A cosmetic surgery procedure in which excess fat is removed from a specific area by suction.

抽脂

cosmetic surgery procedure in which bodily fat is removed by suction


midair

midair (countable and uncountable, plural midairs)

The leaping dog spun around in midair.

The rooms seemed to run on for blocks, stuffed with automata human and animal assembled and in pieces, disappearing-cabinets, tables that would float in midair and other trick furniture, Davenport figures with dark-rimmed eyes in sinister faces, lengths of perfect black velvet and multicolored silk brocade a-riot with Oriental scenes […]

2006, Thomas Pynchon, Against the Day, Penguin, published 2012:

(uncountable) The condition of being airborne.

(countable, aeronautics) A collision between two or more aerospace vehicles in flight.


biphenyl

biphenyl (countable and uncountable, plural biphenyls)

(organic chemistry, uncountable) A colourless solid hydrocarbon, C₁₂H₁₀, consisting of two benzene rings linked together by a single bond.


by-product

by-products (plural)
byproduct (alternative)
bye-product (alternative)

The many Indian restaurants all over Britain are a by-product of the large waves of immigration from the subcontinent.

One of the most obvious results of the B.R. Modernisation Plan has been the increasing use of diesel and electric traction; a less obvious by-product is the increase in track damage possible with the new forms of traction.

1961 February, R. K. Evans, “The role of research on British Railways”, in Trains Illustrated, page 92:

A consequence, especially a side effect.


hyperacid

en-adj

hyperacid (comparative more hyperacid, superlative most hyperacid)

more hyperacid (comparative)
most hyperacid (superlative)


hyperacidity

en-noun

hyperacidity (countable and uncountable, plural hyperacidities)

The condition of being excessively acidic


monoculture

monoculture (countable and uncountable, plural monocultures)

/ˈmɒnəˌkʌlt͡ʃə(ɹ)/

Monocultures are bad for the environment; as we forced golden, waving wheat to take over the planet, other species faltered and failed, rather than rising on their merits.

2023 September 30, Martha Gill, “When Taylor Swift reaps country-sized riches, other artists are squeezed out”, in The Observer, →ISSN:

As we Irish discovered in the great famine of 1845-49, monocultures are generally not a good idea and we abandon biodiversity at our peril. Farrell and Berjon make the same point about our online world: the internet has become an extractive and fragile monoculture.

2024 May 4, John Naughton, “The internet is in decline – it needs rewilding”, in The Guardian:

(agriculture) The cultivation of a single crop at a time.


biathlon

biathlon (countable and uncountable, plural biathlons)

/baɪˈæθˌlɑn/

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
From bi- (prefix meaning ‘two; both’) + -athlon (suffix meaning ‘contest’), modelled after pentathlon.

confix

cross-country skiing
cross-country skiing

(winter sports, uncountable) Racing combining cross-country skiing and rifle shooting; (countable) a particular instance of such a race.

biatlón

racing combining cross-country skiing and rifle shooting; a particular instance of such a race

duathlon · triathlon · quadrathlon · tetrathlon · pentathlon · hexathlon · heptathlon · octathlon · decathlon · pentadecathlon


midterm

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-midterm.wav


parametric

[pæɹ.əˈmɛt͡ʃ.ɹɪk]

/ˌpɛɹ.əˈmɛt.ɹɪk/

[ˌpɛɹ.əˈmɛt͡ʃ.ɹɪk]


sociology

/ˌsəʊsiːˈɒlədʒiː/

/ˌsəʊʃiːˈɒlədʒiː/

From French sociologie, coined by Auguste Comte in 1834, itself a combination of Latin socius (“companion, fellowship”) and the Greek suffix Ancient Greek -λογία (-logía), itself from Ancient Greek λόγος (lógos, “word, knowledge”), from socio- + -logy.
Previous mentions of the field in English usually referred to it as social physics.

der

A social science that studies society, human social interaction, patterns of social relationships, and the interactions of culture. Through both theory and applied research, it engages subject matters across a range of microanalysis, mesoanalysis, and macroanalysis.

sosiologie

study of society, human social interactions, etc.


mid-air

The dog ran, jumped, and caught the ball in mid-air.

The 44-metre landslip north of Hook left track hanging in mid-air as the clay embankment collapsed beneath it.

2023 January 25, Paul Clifton, “Network News: Landslip wrecks London commuter services for 'weeks'”, in RAIL, number 975, page 8:

The middle of the air, as while in flight.


kaliophilite

en-noun

kaliophilite (countable and uncountable, plural kaliophilites)

a rare mineral, a form of KAlSiO₄, found in volcanic rocks in parts of Italy


midcareer

midcareers (plural)
mid-career (alternative)

"Oh! my dear, you hurt me!" This was enough to check the tender respectful boy even in his midcareer

1749, [John Cleland], “(Please specify the letter or volume)”, in Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure [Fanny Hill], London: […] [Thomas Parker] for G. Fenton [i.e., Fenton and Ralph Griffiths] […], →OCLC:


underrated

en-adj

underrated (comparative more underrated, superlative most underrated)

more underrated (comparative)
most underrated (superlative)

Koeman identified Southampton’s third as their finest goal of the game. Jack Cork, the most underrated player at a much-lauded club, swept the ball out wide to Tadic, who waited for Cork to run to the back post before chipping the ball across to him to slam in a deserved goal from close range, despite an attempted block by Vito Mannone.

2014 October 18, Paul Doyle, “Southampton hammer eight past hapless Sunderland in barmy encounter”, in The Guardian:

The hourly EMU service means that Largs, arguably an underrated seaside destination, is easy enough to reach from Glasgow for a day out.

2025 March 5, “Ayr miles with a 'Spirit of Scotland'”, in RAIL, number 1030, page 46:

Not given enough recognition for its quality.


bimetallic

From French bimétallique. Equivalent to bi- + metallic.

"We have a special coupler that joins them together to prevent the bi-metallic corrosion you'd get if the stainless steel and the galvanised steel touched each other. […]"

2024 May 29, Nick Brodrick, “Between a rock and a wet place...”, in RAIL, number 1010, page 43:

More generally, consisting of two metals.


quadraphonic

(of a sound system) Employing four independent channels or speakers.


pedometer

According to the American Heritage Dictionary, from French pédomètre, from pedi-, combining form for Latin pēs (“foot”), plus -ometer, from Greek. In French now the word is podomètre, and similar in other Romance languages and in Greek (ποδόμετρο (podómetro)). By surface analysis, pedo- (“foot”) + -meter = pedo- + -ometer.

surf

He thought that buying a pedometer would spur him on to exercise.

A smartphone is not the best camera, notebook, word processor, audio recorder, radio, MP3 player, map reader, pedometer and so on, but it is good enough replace numerous separate devices for most people most of the time.

2019 June 27, Jack Schofield, “What’s the best cheap tablet or e-reader for PDF files?”, in The Guardian:

A device, often electronic, that measures the number of steps taken, and thus estimates the distance walked.


biconical

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-biconical.wav

consisting of two cones placed together apex to apex


tonsillectomy

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-tonsillectomy.wav

(surgery) The surgical removal of the tonsils, especially the palatine tonsils. Frequently accompanied by an adenoidectomy.

扁桃摘出術

へんとうてきしゅつじゅつ

扁桃腺摘出術

へんとうせんてきしゅつじゅつ


downselect

en-verb

downselect (third-person singular simple present downselects, present participle downselecting, simple past and past participle downselected)

downselects (present singular third-person)
downselecting (participle present)
downselected (participle past)
downselected (past)

We need to check with Quality Assurance before we downselect the test equipment vendor.

to narrow the field of choices, especially, to choose a supplier from candidates under consideration


downscale

en-adj

downscale (comparative more downscale, superlative most downscale)

more downscale (comparative)
most downscale (superlative)

Of a series of notes, falling in pitch in regular or musical intervals; descending.


neuroscience

en-noun

neuroscience (usually uncountable, plural neurosciences)

Creating a complete map of the human connectome would therefore be a monumental milestone but not the end of the journey to understanding how our brains work. The achievement will transform neuroscience and serve as the starting point for asking questions we could not otherwise have answered, […].

2012 March-April, Terrence J. Sejnowski, “Well-connected Brains”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, archived from the original on 2017-04-27, page 171:

The scientific study of the nervous system.


monolingual

en-adj

monolingual (comparative more monolingual, superlative most monolingual)

more monolingual (comparative)
most monolingual (superlative)

Thus approximately 98% of signs contained English, and 93.5% of signs were wholly in English. As far as linguistic landscapes go, this is a case of extreme monolingual dominance in a multilingual setting.

2019, Li Huang, James Lambert, “Another Arrow for the Quiver: A New Methodology for Multilingual Researchers”, in Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, →DOI, page 5:

Knowing or using a single language; written or spoken in a single language.

ܚܕܵܢܵܝ ܠܸܫܵܢܵܐ

ḥdānāy liššānā


monolingual

a person who knows or uses only a single language; a monoglot


midsection

That's the premise of the overload principle, and it must be applied, even to ab training, if you're going to develop a cut, ripped midsection.

2010, Bill Geiger, “6-pack Abs in 9 Weeks”, in Reps!, 17:106:

(anatomy) The midriff; the section of the human torso, from below the chest to above the waist.


geostationary

The measurement is accomplished by observing the Faraday rotation angle of signals from geostationary satellites on a continuous basis.

1971, Thomas A. Croft, Measurement of a Solar Wind Plasma Stream which Endures Several Months But is Intermittent on a Time Scale of about One Day:

At a fixed distance in three dimensions relative to a particular point on the Earth's surface; generally only possible with orbital satellites.


alcoholometer

alcoholometers (plural)
alcoholimeter (alternative)
alcoholmeter (alternative)

A specialized form of hydrometer used to measure the amount of alcohol in a liquid (such as beer).

alcoholímetru

Specialized form of hydrometer used to measure amount of alcohol in liquid


Minneapolis

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Minneapolis.wav

Minnehapolis proposed in 1852 by Charles Hoag as a (misspelt) blend of Dakota mníȟaȟa (“waterfall”) (mní (“water”) + ȟaȟa (“curling”)) + Ancient Greek πόλις (pólis, “city”). Amended to Minneapolis at a town meeting the same year.

On Tuesday, a proposal to fundamentally restructure the Minneapolis police department in the wake of George Floyd’s death in 2020 was soundly defeated, a setback that even many Democrats acknowledged could be laid at the feet of the “defund the police” movement that some within the party embraced last summer.

2021 November 5, Chris Cillizza, “Even Democrats are now admitting ‘Defund the Police’ was a massive mistake”, in CNN:

The largest city in Minnesota, United States, and the county seat of Hennepin County.


overrate

en-verb

overrate (third-person singular simple present overrates, present participle overrating, simple past and past participle overrated)

overrates (present singular third-person)
overrating (participle present)
overrated (participle past)
overrated (past)
over-rate (alternative)

/ˌəʊvəˈɹeɪt/

The vicissitudes of the weather may be responsible for more suffering among the lower animals than in the case of man, but we who live in England are perhaps inclined to overrate the amount of inconvenience occasioned to the world at large by this cause.

1886 August, Briggs Carlill, “Are Animals Happy?”, in The Nineteenth Century:

Vance and Martin note another problem with retrospective analysis of sexual patterns in a case in which a person has been diagnosed with AIDS or ARC. There may be a tendency for diagnosed people to overrate their sexual encounters in the belief that promiscuity is the cause of AIDS, thereby explaining or rationalizing their illness.

1985 February 9, Cindy Patton, “Heterosexual AIDS Panic: A Queer Paradigm”, in Gay Community News, volume 12, number 29, page 3:

To overstate or overestimate in amount, extent, degree, etc.


hyperextension

en-noun

hyperextension (countable and uncountable, plural hyperextensions)

hyperextensions (plural)
hyper (alternative colloquial)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-hyperextension.wav

An exercise performed by lying on the stomach, ideally inclined upwards as on a Roman chair to reach a higher range of motion, and raising and lowering the upper torso.


upmarket

Towards the more expensive end of the market.


infantophilia

The primary sexual attraction of adults to infants and toddlers (defined by various studies as 0–4 years old).


oleomargarine

oleomargarine (countable and uncountable, plural oleomargarines)

She [...] found that she had no butter, only oleomargarine.

1973, Toni Morrison, Sula, Chatto & Windus (1993), page 153:


upregulation

upregulation (countable and uncountable, plural upregulations)

(genetics) The process, in the regulation of gene expression, in which the number, or activity of receptors increases in order to increase sensitivity


downregulation

downregulation (countable and uncountable, plural downregulations)

(genetics) The process, in the regulation of gene expression, in which the number, or activity of receptors decreases in order to decrease sensitivity


underachieve

en-verb

underachieve (third-person singular simple present underachieves, present participle underachieving, simple past and past participle underachieved)

underachieves (present singular third-person)
underachieving (participle present)
underachieved (participle past)
underachieved (past)

/ˌʌndə(ɹ)əˈt͡ʃiːv/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-underachieve.wav

To achieve less than expected; to fail to fulfil one's potential.


bimetal

bimetals (plural)
bi-metal (alternative)

Thermostatic Bimetals: Thermostatic bimetals are laminated composites using materials with a pronounced difference in thermal expansion'. Therefore, thermostatic bimetals change their shape whenever ambient temperature changes.

2013 October 22, T W Duerig, K N Melton, D Stöckel, Engineering Aspects of Shape Memory Alloys, Butterworth-Heinemann, →ISBN, page 211:

The application of bimetals synthesized with the combination of another secondary metal such as Ni, Pd, or Pt [comprise of a high reduction potential than ZVI; ZVI, −0.44 V; Ni,−0.257 V; Pd, 0.915 V; or Pt, 1.188 V; Arning and Minteer[…]

2020 June 29, Manish Kumar, Daniel D. Snow, Ryo Honda, Santanu Mukherjee, Contaminants in Drinking and Wastewater Sources: Challenges and Reigning Technologies, Springer Nature, →ISBN, page 274:

The bimetals can be used in forms such as the deflection of a straight strip, the rotation of spirals or helices and the snap action of dished discs. Applications include temperature indicators, thermostatic controls, energy regulators,[…]

2002 September 27, M. A. Laughton, D.F. Warne, Electrical Engineer's Reference Book, Newnes, →ISBN, page 45:

(metallurgy) An object consisting of two metals.


bimetallism

en-noun

bimetallism (countable and uncountable, plural bimetallisms)

As in China, bi-metallism exacerbated rural unrest in Nguyen Vietnam.

2016, Christopher Goscha, The Penguin History of Modern Vietnam, Penguin, published 2017, page 34:

(economics) The use of a monetary standard based upon two different metals, traditionally gold and silver usually in a fixed ratio of values.


bimetallist

en-adj

bimetallist (comparative more bimetallist, superlative most bimetallist)

more bimetallist (comparative)
most bimetallist (superlative)


matronym

matronyms (plural)
metronym (alternative)

/ˈmætɹəʊnɪm/


aquaphobia

The goal — what Dash considers to be the mastery of aquaphobia — is to float peacefully in deep water for at least five minutes, 10 feet from a wall or support.

2016 October 6, Malia Wollan, “How to Overcome Aquaphobia”, in The New York Times Magazine:

A fear of water, especially a morbid fear of drowning.


psychomotor

Of or pertaining to the function of muscles under the control of the mind

psychomotorický

of or pertaining to the function of muscles under the control of the mind


macroinstruction

macroinstructions (plural)
macro instruction (alternative)
macro-instruction (alternative)

From macro- + instruction, due to their being often quite long.


microinstruction

(computing) A hardware instruction in the CPU of a microprocessor; a software instruction in a microprogram


ethnocide

en-noun

ethnocide (countable and uncountable, plural ethnocides)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-ethnocide.wav

The deliberate and systematic destruction of an ethnic group, accomplished either by destroying the members of the group (genocide) or by destroying its cultural identity (culturicide).


heteronormative

en-adj

heteronormative (comparative more heteronormative, superlative most heteronormative)

more heteronormative (comparative)
most heteronormative (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-heteronormative.wav

Much of the language used when discussing wedding planning is heteronormative, which can alienate homosexual couples.

This suggests both that film studies can be heteronormative even when it is analyzing homosexual representations and that close textual analysis is itself structured by heterosexual presumptions and assumptions.

1997 Summer, John Champagne, ““Stop Reading Films!”: Film Studies, Close Analysis, and Gay Pornography”, in Cinema Journal, volume 36, number 4, →ISSN, →JSTOR, page 82:

In the same way, homosexuality and bisexuality will always be seen as problematic in heteronormative organizations.

1998 February 28, Ruth Holliday, “Philadelphia: AIDS, Representation, Organization”, in John Hassard, Ruth Holliday, editors, Organization-Representation: Work and Organizations in Popular Culture, SAGE, →ISBN, →OL, page 102:

Of or pertaining to the practices and institutions that privilege or value heterosexuality, heterosexual relationships, and traditional gender roles as fundamental and "natural" within society.


bipyramid

Yet the perfect hexagonal bipyramids still in the test-tube must have had an internal order to produce those shapes.

1998, Georgina Ferry, Dorothy Hodgkin: A Life:


gatophobia

Ailourophobia†, (Katiphobia, or Gatophobia,) is a typical monomania. The fear of cats in certain monopsychoneurotic and psychopathic persons dates back to the beginning of the life of the feline.

1906, Charles H. Hughes, “Psychoencephalonasthenia or Cerebrasthenia Simplex, and Psychoencephalonasthenia or Cerebrasthenia Insaniens”, in The Alienist and Neurologist, volume 27, St. Louis, Mo.: Henry L. Hughes, page 166:

Rumor from over Laurel way has it that there is a severe epidemic of gatophobia in that city.[…]Don’t ask to see our dictionary please, Semper’s buried in it.

1941 November 21, Gratis Heave, “Pig-Skin Pidgins”, in McComb Daily Journal, volume XXXVIII, number 60, McComb, Miss.:

Has hydrophobiaphobia got you down? Bothered about your tendency towards triskaidekaphobia or gatophobia? If so, don’t worry. Those are just big words for minor phobias, and almost everybody has a minor touch of a phobia or two, according to J. P. Chaplin, a professor of psychology at the University of, Vermont and author of “Dictionary of Psychology,” which was printed this week.

1968 October 5, “Hydrophobiaphobia Got Ya? No Sweat, UVM Prof Says”, in Rutland Daily Herald, volume 115, number 240, Rutland, Vt., page 20:

The family cat enters the room and stares at you balefully. At once you are assailed by ailurophobia, galeophobia and gatophobia, all meaning the fear of cats, plus amychophobia, the fear of being clawed.

1971 July 5, Hal Boyle, “‘It is only folklore nature is healthy’”, in Evening Herald, page 10:

Some members of the ensemble, apparently victims of gatophobia, leaped about the stage trying to avoid the feline intruder.

1987 May 22, John Guinn, “Rossini was booed; ‘Barber’ endures”, in Detroit Free Press, volume 157, number 18, page 4B:

According to the book, Napoleon, Mussolini, Julius Caesar, Alexander the Great and Genghis Khan, besides being powerful leaders, shared another trait — gatophobia, a fear of cats.

1989 April 14, “Don’t let your phobia stop you from reading this book”, in Reno Gazette-Journal, page 3D:

She was utterly devoted to a long line of pampered dogs she notably insisted on giving “people names” (Candy, Patty, Missy, and Millie) and, at nearly 70, overcame her life-long gatophobia to also embrace and adore her grand-cats.

2021 March 19, The Kentucky Enquirer, volume 180, number 344, page 5B:


biphobia

/ˈbaɪˌfəʊbiːə/


rodentology

a branch of mammalogy for the study of rodents by a rodentologist.


downriver

downriver (comparative more downriver, superlative most downriver)

more downriver (comparative)
most downriver (superlative)
down-river (alternative)

My house is downriver to his.


polyculture

en-noun

polyculture (countable and uncountable, plural polycultures)

What we have here is not a 'multiculture' as it is represented in multiculturalism, not a pluralist order of discrete patches of culture, all somehow, 'equally valid' within the polity, but—to form a Greek/Roman Creole—a polyculture, or at any rate a collection of cultural entities that are not (a) discrete and complete in themselves; (b) that are not in any sense 'intrinsically' 'equal'; and (c) are active together and hence bound up with change.

2003 (originally 1992), Roger Hewitt, Language, Youth and the Destabilisation of Ethnicity, R. Harris and B. Rampton (eds.), page 190

Marsdsen, R. (1993) 'Global Monoculture, Multiculture and Polyculture', Social Research 60 (3): 493–523.

2003, Angus Cameron, Ronen Palan, The Imagined Economies of Globalization, SAGE, →ISBN, page 179:

Finally, but equal in importance, this book aims to engage with the ongoing dialogue among scholars of race and ethnicity in America, specifically regarding conversations on the issues of multiculture, polyculture, and the persistence of race.

2007, Jeffrey F. L. Partridge, Beyond Literary Chinatown, American Ethnic and Cultural S:

Europe/the EU's internal collective group identity is polycultural and not yet multicultural as per its “United in Diversity” motto. The concept of polyculture is a borrowed term from the discipline of agriculture. […] This paper adds a third definition to these two definitions by proposing to include the dominant culture within the fold of the polyculture to make it a multicultural society.

2014, Kenan Aksu, Turkey: A Regional Power in the Making, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, →ISBN, page 128:

(sociology, uncommon) A multiculture; a polycultural society, sometimes especially one in which multiple cultures exist without one dominating.


biarchy

biarchy (countable and uncountable, plural biarchies)

biarchies (plural)
binarchy (alternative)


vexillophile

Flags with conservative meanings were flown outside Justice Samuel Alito’s home and beach house, apparently by the justice’s vexillophile wife.

2024, Michael Linhorst, The Supreme Court Is on Collision Course With Its Ethics Struggles, in: The New Republic, September 30 2024

A person who collects and displays flags.

A person who studies flags and their history and meaning.


vexillographer

/ˌvɛksɪˈlɒɡɹəfə/

/ˌvɛksɪˈlɑɡɹəfɚ/

From vexillo- + -grapher, by analogy with lexicographer etc.

Anders Holmquist is a vexillographer, or designer, maker and philosopher of flags.

1985: Linda Frye Burnham for Art in the Public Interest, High Performance, volume 8, №ˢ 29–32, page 56 (Astro Artz)

He turned himself into an instant vexillographer — a flag designer. […] Now 75 years old, the vexillographer has been living in Canada for the last 35 years.
His vexillographer friends stopped him, “Hey! that is Netherlands’ flag! Careful! Queen Juliana or is it Queen Beatrix! She will shoot you on sight for stealing the colors plus the design,” they warned him. [… T]he Flag Institute has called him a “Vexillographer” — the professional title of a flag designer.
All in all the Congress was highly successful with Dr. JEHANGIR R MEDORA of Canada presenting the Zoroastrian Flag of Friendliness and Brotherhood designed by him as a Vexillographer to all Delegates […]

1995: Parsiana, volume 18, pages 18, 19, and 167 (P. Warden)

Had the terms been invented at the time, Miles could have called himself a vexillologist or vexillographer. He referred to the matter of flag design as “my pet hobby”.

2005: Raven: A Journal of Vexillology, volume 12, page 1 (North American Vexillological Association)

(rare) A person who designs flags professionally or semi-professionally.


downturn

Near-synonym: decline

The downturn in the economy made it harder to find jobs.

Any [economic] downturn will eventually impact on rail freight, and indeed passenger traffic, so operators are watching this closely.

2019 October, Rail Freight Group, “Consequences of a no deal Brexit”, in Modern Railways, page 20:

In the 1950s, the downturn in BR's financial performance can be illustrated by its declining market share. Between 1951 and 1961, the railways' market share of passenger business fell from 21% to 14%, and for freight from 45% to 29%.

2023 March 8, David Clough, “The long road that led to Beeching”, in RAIL, number 978, page 39:

A downward trend, or the beginnings of one.

спад

a downward trend, or the beginnings of one


hypercorrection

hypercorrection (countable and uncountable, plural hypercorrections)

hypercorrections (plural)
hyper-correction (alternative)

(linguistics) Nonstandard language use that results from the overapplication of a perceived prescriptive rule.

hiperkorreksie

nonstandard language use that results from the over-application of a perceived prescriptive rule


underachievement

underachievement (countable and uncountable, plural underachievements)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-underachievement.wav

This underachievement is linked to a laddish culture […]

2006, Carolyn Jackson, Lads and Ladettes in School: Gender and a Fear of Failure:

An achievement that is less than expected; underperformance.


democide

democide (countable and uncountable, plural democides)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-democide.wav

Based on Ancient Greek δῆμος (dêmos, “people”) + -cide.

(Mass) murder of people by a government which has power over them.


pomology

pomology (usually uncountable, plural pomologies)

(botany) The study of pome fruit and of the cultivation of such fruit.

(botany) The study of fruit in general and of the cultivation of fruit.

果樹學 /果树学

A work or treatise written on this subject.


periglacial

/pɛɹɪˈɡleɪʃəl/

* During the Anglian glaciation, the ice caps were smaller than during earlier glacial events, but conditions in the periglacial areas around the ice were far more severe.

2018, Tim Flannery, Europe: A Natural History, page 167:

(geomorphology) Of or pertaining to the area around the edge of a glacier.


eusociality

(biology) Reproductive specialization, in which most individuals of a species are genetically infertile; the state of being eusocial.


downregulate

en-verb

downregulate (third-person singular simple present downregulates, present participle downregulating, simple past and past participle downregulated)

downregulates (present singular third-person)
downregulating (participle present)
downregulated (participle past)
downregulated (past)

To decrease the number of cell receptors by using downregulation


upregulate

upregulate (third-person singular simple present upregulates, present participle upregulating, simple past and past participle upregulated)

upregulates (present singular third-person)
upregulating (participle present)
upregulated (participle past)
upregulated (past)
up-regulate (alternative)

(biology) To increase the number of cell receptors by using upregulation


underact

underact (third-person singular simple present underacts, present participle underacting, simple past and past participle underacted)

underacts (present singular third-person)
underacting (participle present)
underacted (participle past)
underacted (past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-underact.wav

To act in an understated manner or with little expressiveness


sociopathy

en-noun

sociopathy (countable and uncountable, plural sociopathies)

(psychiatry) The property of being a sociopath, a person showing antisocial behavior as part of psychiatric pathology.


sociopathic

en-adj

sociopathic (comparative more sociopathic, superlative most sociopathic)

more sociopathic (comparative)
most sociopathic (superlative)

Having the characteristics of a sociopath.

soziopathisch

having the characteristics of a sociopath


midplane

A plane that passes through the middle of something, especially through the middle of the body


septagon

From Latin septem (“seven”) + Ancient Greek γωνία (gōnía, “angle”), equivalent to septa- + -gon.

(proscribed) A polygon with seven sides and seven angles.


palmitoylate

en-verb

palmitoylate (third-person singular simple present palmitoylates, present participle palmitoylating, simple past and past participle palmitoylated)

palmitoylates (present singular third-person)
palmitoylating (participle present)
palmitoylated (participle past)
palmitoylated (past)

From palmitoyl + -ate (verb-forming suffix).


upcurved

en-adj

upcurved (comparative more upcurved, superlative most upcurved)

more upcurved (comparative)
most upcurved (superlative)


biphotonic

(physics) Involving the simultaneous absorption of two photons


downconversion

en-noun

downconversion (countable and uncountable, plural downconversions)

(physics) The interaction of a photon with a medium in which it is converted into two photons of lower frequencies such that energy is conserved.

(electronics) The conversion of a high radio frequency to a lower frequency.


upconversion

upconversion (countable and uncountable, plural upconversions)

(physics) The process by which two photons combine in a nonlinear medium to produce a higher-energy photon with a frequency that is the sum of those of the two photons

(electronics) Conversion of a lower radio frequency to a higher frequency, possibly using a mixer.


peladophobia

Mention may also be made here to peladophobia, fear of baldness, particularly manifested in men. In the more severe cases of peladophobia, the social intercourse of the patient is much restricted, developing into what is virtually a phobia of society.

1925, Transactions of the Section on Dermatology and Syphilology of the American Medical Association at the Annual Session, page 190:

Andrew fears bald people (peladophobia). As a child, he inadvertently insulted a bald man in a grocery store and was promptly clapped on the ears by the old man and screamed at.

2008, James Garner, Arthur H. Bell, Phobias and How to Overcome Them: Understanding and Beating Your Fears, Castle Books, →ISBN, page 105:

You can have pluviophobia, the fear of being rained on, or peladophobia, the fear of bald people, but there is no medical term for the fear of doors.

2010, Vanessa Woods, Bonobo Handshake: A Memoir of Love and Adventure in the Congo, Gotham Books, →ISBN:


bimeter

[…] two poems combine tetrameters with trimeters, and two others tetrameters with bimeters.

1982, Willem Pieter Gerritsen, “Coornhert and Boethius: A Side-Light on the Genesis of Dutch Renaissance Verse”, in D.H. Green, editors, From Wolfram and Petrarch to Goethe and Grass, page 310:

(poetry) A meter wherein each line has two metrical feet.


pedantocracy

pedantocracy (countable and uncountable, plural pedantocracies)

[…] if we would not have our bureaucracy degenerate into a pedantocracy, this body must not engross all the occupations which form and cultivate the faculties required for the government of mankind.

1859, John Stuart Mill, On Liberty, page 148:

Bureaucracy too, in education as elsewhere (perhaps especially in education) was prone to pedantocracy and to slow strangulation in the toils of its own immutable maxims.

1980, F[rancis] W[illiam] Garforth, “Conclusion”, in Educative Democracy: John Stuart Mill on Education in Society (University of Hull Publications), Oxford, Oxfordshire; New York, N.Y.: […] [F]or the University of Hull by Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 186:


hypervisor

The hypervisor is the component that translates the virtual machines into the underlying hardware. There are two types of hypervisors: The type 1 hypervisor runs directly on the host hardware; the type 2 or hosted hypervisor runs in software.

2011, Edward Whalen, Oracle VM Implementation and Administration Guide, McGraw Hill Professional, →ISBN, page 17:

(computing) A firmware or software system that provides a virtual machine and allows it to operate directly on underlying hardware (instead of via emulation), but within specified constraints.


uptempo

en-adj

uptempo (comparative more uptempo, superlative most uptempo)

more uptempo (comparative)
most uptempo (superlative)
up-tempo (alternative)


meat wagon

meat wagons (plural)
meatwagon (alternative)
meat-wagon (alternative)

He spent the next four hours in the back of the sweltering NYPD meat wagon as police rounded up other young men.

2007 October 30, M. Chris Fabricant, “Runnin' Scared Rousting the Cops”, in Village Voice, retrieved 2008-07-25:

In the middle of each night the gendarmerie's meat wagon made its rounds slowly, its crew stopping by the hunched clochard figures who sprawled in rags on the streets and gutters and doorways of Paris.

I looked over at the man driving the meat wagon in which I was currently a court-required passenger and said, ever the fellow armed with a witty retort: "Huh?"

2017, Raymond Benson, Paul Dale Anderson, Brian Hodge, Corruption at the Crossroad:

(slang) A police van for transporting prisoners; a paddy wagon.


multigraph

(graph theory) A set V (whose elements are called vertices or nodes), taken together with a multiset E, each of whose elements (called an edge or line) is a cardinality-two multisubset of V.

(graph theory, less commonly) A set V (as before), taken together with a multiset E, each of whose elements is a cardinality-two subset of V.

(historical, printing) A combined rotary typesetting and printing machine for office use. The type is transferred semi-automatically by means of keys from a type-supply drum to a printing drum. The printing may be done by means of an inked ribbon to print "typewritten" letters, or directly from inked type or a stereotype plate, as in a printing press.


anythingarian

/ˌɛnɪθɪŋˈɛəɹɪən/

From anything + -arian, by analogy with unitarian, trinitarian, etc.

Such bifarious anythingarians, that always make their interest the standard of their religion.

ante''' 1704, The Works of Tom Brown, volume 3, page 97

Lady Smart. What Religion is he of?
Ld. Sparkiſh. Why he is an Anythingarian.
Lady Anſw. I believe, he has his Religion to chuſe, my Lord.

1738, Jonathan Swift, Polite Conversation, dialogue 1

They made puir Robbie Burns an anythingarian with their blethers.

1850, Charles Kingsley, chapter 22, in Alton Locke, Tailor and Poet:

(derogatory, religion) A person who does not profess any particular creed; an indifferentist.


transphobia

en-noun

transphobia (usually uncountable, plural transphobias)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-transphobia.wav

From trans- + -phobia or trans + -phobia.

This unusual reactivity and the selectivity observed can be explained as a consequence of the high transphobia of aryl and P-donor ligands […]

2002 December 2, José Vicente, Aurelia Arcas, Delia Bautista, M. Carmen Ramı́rez de Arellano, Mono- and di-nuclear complexes of ortho-palladated and -platinated 4,4′-dimethylazobenzene with bis(diphenylphosphino)methane. More data on transphobia. in the Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, volume 663, issues 1-2, pages 164–172

The reactions of trans-[Pt(Mef)Br(PPh₃)₂] with AgBF₄ and Ph₃ECHC(O)R (E = P, R = Me, OMe, Ph; E = As, R = Me) afford only trans-[Pt(Mef){OC(=CHEPh₃)R}(PPh₃)₂] because the C-alkyl/C-ylide transphobia is greater than the C-alkyl/O-ylide transphobia and also because of the lower steric requirement of the O-ylide ligand.

2009, José Vicente, “Coordination chemistry of metal enolato complexes”, in Jacob Zabicky, editor, The chemistry of metal enolates, page 316:

In the symbiotic effect, a hard ligand tends to form ionic M-L bonds in which L retains more negative charge than in a soft ligand case, letting the metal ion keep more of its positive charge and hence attract additional hard ligands, […]. The antisymbiotic effect, also called transphobia, applies to pairs of high trans effect, soft ligands on a soft metal. Where a choice exists, there is a strong tendency for such ligands to avoid being mutually trans by becoming cis and preferring to have low trans effect, hard ligands trans to themselves.

2014, Robert H. Crabtree, The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals, →ISBN, page 78:

(chemistry) The preference of pairs of high-trans effect soft ligands to avoid being mutually trans by becoming cis and having other low-trans effect hard ligands trans to themselves.


zincography

/zɪŋˈkɒɡɹəfi/

/ziːŋˈkɑɡɹɪfi/

A lithographic method of producing engravings using zinc plates


upturning

From Middle English upturnynge, equivalent to upturn + -ing and/or up- + turning.

He suffered from frequent 'micro-crises' — upturnings of the eyeballs, associated with transient inability to move or respond; these lasted a few seconds only, and occurred dozens, and sometimes hundreds, of times a day.


uprate

en-verb

uprate (third-person singular simple present uprates, present participle uprating, simple past and past participle uprated)

uprates (present singular third-person)
uprating (participle present)
uprated (participle past)
uprated (past)

(transitive, philately) To put a higher value of postage on (a letter) than required by the official rate.


videophile

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-videophile.wav

A connoisseur of video, particularly one who values high-definition and otherwise high-quality video


midcourt

Smith passes the ball to Jones at midcourt.

(sports) The area near the center of a court, such as a basketball or tennis court


midlevel

a midlevel official

At a medium level; neither high nor low in rank.


midseason

midseasons (plural)
mid-season (alternative)
mid season (alternative)

Tourism has a high season (summer), a midseason (spring and fall), and a low season (winter).

The amount of water needed is about 50% of the water used in the midseason.

Underperforming TV programs are often replaced in the midseason of the schedule.

The middle part of a season, such as a sporting, television, or growing season.


notaphily

The study or collecting of paper money or banknotes


notaphilist

Someone who studies or collects paper money or banknotes.


midcentury

midcentury modern

This midcentury masterpiece was overlooked at the time it was created.

Get a whiff of the models that served our grandfathers well: They now combine the must of a midcentury hatbox with the musk of 21st-century body spray.

2015 November 24, Troy Patterson, “The Winter Hat Trick”, in The New York Times Magazine, archived from the original on 2019-02-26:

Occurring around the middle of the century.


binaphthol

asymmetric synthesis
asymmetric synthesis

(organic chemistry) Any of several phenols derived from binaphthalene, but especially 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol used in asymmetric synthesis


binaphthalene

(organic chemistry) Any of several isomeric aromatic hydrocarbons formed from two naphthalene groups joined by a single bond.


midmajor

midmajors (plural)
mid-major (alternative)

(American football) A college not affiliated with a conference that is one of the primary partners in the College Football Playoff

(US, basketball) A conference that is not a major conference


midcourse

a midcourse assessment


midprice

"What we're seeing is not necessarily isolated just to the high-end companies or the midprice or mass," he said.

2009 January 1, Eric Wilson, “Ominous Cutbacks at Chanel”, in New York Times:

(business) At a medium price, between luxury and low-end products


arenophile

It seems to be a characteristic arenophile. Not common in Holderness except on the morainic gravels, being the chief plant on Coneygarth Hill, near Brandesburton.

1902, James Fraser Robinson, The Flora of the East Riding of Yorkshire, page 161:

(botany) A plant that thrives in or requires a sandy environment to grow.


biphenoxide

(organic chemistry) Any compound containing two phenoxide groups.


upcourt

The Wizards took the lead for good when Nick Young blocked Duhon’s layup attempt, then raced upcourt for a 21-foot pull-up jumper.

2009 January 17, Howard Beck, “Up-and-Down Knicks Get More of the Latter in Loss to Wizards”, in New York Times:

(basketball) Toward a team's offensive basket, the basket at which points are scored


midperformance

Many playwrights dread sitting among their audiences: Nothing is quite as soul-killing as overhearing people savage your work in midperformance.

2009 January 28, Patrick Healy, “An Evening in Black and White From a Playwright Who Is Neither”, in New York Times:


midlatitude

Of or relating to the midlatitudes or phenomena located there.


midcoast

In “Water Dogs” it’s early March 1997 in midcoast Maine[…].

2009 January 25, Anthony Doerr, “Snowbound”, in New York Times:

Located toward the middle of a coast, not at either end


midpark

At 7:30 p.m., midpark at 70th Street, (718) 340-3018, naumburgconcerts.org ; free.

2007 June 22, The New York Times, “Classical Music/Opera Listings”, in New York Times:

(New York City) In the middle of Central Park.


midphrase

He reared his body up and down with emotion as he played, and often grunted midphrase.

2007 June 2, Corey Kilgannon, “A Jazzman’s Farewell Album, All Heart and Soul”, in New York Times:

(often with "in") In the middle of a phrase


downcourt

Ever since Barnes played with Davis at U.C.L.A., he has been able to throw baseball passes halfway downcourt.

2007 May 13, Lee Jenkins, “Nellie Ball Energizes Warriors and Confounds Opponents”, in New York Times:

(basketball) Toward one's team's offensive basket


midtempo

This wry, midtempo track is familiar yet highly personal.

2009 January 31, John Sakamoto, “The Anti-Hit List”, in Toronto Star:

(music) At a medium tempo, neither fast nor slow.


midconstruction

Architectural experts say they cannot recall such a drastic midconstruction downscaling, especially of a building designed by a marquee architect, in this case Norman Foster.

2009 February 11, Steve Friess, “Tower Rising in Las Vegas but Now, Not So High”, in New York Times:

Occurring after construction is under way.


midsentence

In neither case was there an effect on comprehension as measured by the subjects’ free recall. Subjects recalled as much with midsentence interruptions as with end-of-sentence interruptions as with no interruptions at all.

1998, Walter Kintsch, Comprehension: A Paradigm for Cognition, Cambridge, Cambs.: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 230:

Instead of pausing after each sentence, Dr. King stopped briefly after each refrain of “Let freedom ring,” building intensity and creating the musical effect of a crescendo. His midsentence pauses emphasized the repeating pattern in his examples and let the audience know what to expect next.

1999, David Zarefsky, “Presenting the Speech”, in Robert Alan Brookey, Annotated Instructor’s Manual for David Zarefsky’s Public Speaking: Strategies for Success, 2nd edition, Needham Heights, Mass.: Allyn & Bacon, →ISBN, part II (Annotated Text), part 4 (Style and Delivery of the Speech), page 287:

Paul carefully safeguards the priority of divine initiative over human efforts to come into relationship with God. Perhaps the most striking illustration of this is his midsentence self-correction in 4:9: “Now, however, that you have come to know God, or rather to be known by God . . .”

2002, Richard B[evan] Hays, “The God of Mercy Who Rescues Us from the Present Evil Age: Romans and Galatians”, in A. Andrew Das, Frank J. Matera, editors, The Forgotten God: Perspectives in Biblical Theology: Essays in Honor of Paul J. Achtemeier on the Occasion of his Seventy-fifth Birthday, Louisville, Ky.: Westminster John Knox Press, →ISBN, page 130:

“You again,” Karp growled. He gestured to Guma, making hand signals to get a trace going on the call. Guma quit his midsentence comeback aimed at Stupenagel and hurried from the room.

2004, Robert K. Tanenbaum, chapter 25, in Hoax, New York, N.Y.: Atria Books, →ISBN, page 531:

“Mr. Borovsky only makes deals through his—” Ovechkin broke off. Quinn’s brow lowered, puzzled by his midsentence stoppage.

2018 January, Susan Mann, An Uncommon Honeymoon (A Librarian and the Spy Escapade), New York, N.Y.: Zebra Books, →ISBN, page 264:


midstage

An intermediate stage, between beginning and completion


midstage

Results of a midstage clinical trial are expected to be presented this week […].

2007 June 11, Andrew Pollack, “Antihistamine Shows Promise in Treating Alzheimer’s”, in New York Times:

At or in an intermediate stage, between beginning and completion


midgrade

At the time I drove it, diesel fuel was selling for $2.99 a gallon in New Jersey, about a nickel less than midgrade gas and 30 cents cheaper than premium.

2007 July 29, Norman Mayersohn, “A Lesson in European Economy”, in New York Times:

Of a medium grade; not premium or low-grade


midengine

The R8’s midengine design echoes that of Audi’s dominant R8 racecar[…].

2007 May 20, Ezra Dyer, “Growling at the Exotics’ Door”, in New York Times:

(automotive) Of a design in which the engine of an automobile is placed between the rear and front axles


midocean

So may whatever tempest mars
Mid-ocean, spare thee, sacred bark;
And balmy drops in summer dark
Slide from the bosom of the stars.

1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], “Canto XVII”, in In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 28:

A wave simulator in the tank can re-enact tsunamis and northeasters, and imitate wave conditions from midocean.

2007 February 20, Tina Kelley, “A Wet Wind Tunnel So Ships Can Move Faster and Better”, in New York Times:

The area in the middle of an ocean, far from shore


midgestation

(medicine) The middle period of gestation


midmarket

(economics) The market in mid-priced commodities.


downcanyon

en-adj

downcanyon (comparative more downcanyon, superlative most downcanyon)

more downcanyon (comparative)
most downcanyon (superlative)

My house is downcanyon from his.


midscale

A typical midscale database can contain scores of tables that contain supporting or special-purpose data.

2011, Paul Turley, Dan Wood, Beginning T-SQL with Microsoft SQL Server 2005 and 2008:


midstory

The songs often start in midstory, packed with more detail than the mind can process.

2007 November 5, Kelefa Sanneh, “With a Torrent of Lyrics, Daring the Fans to Keep Up”, in New York Times:

The middle part of a story, neither the beginning nor the end.


midcycle

Mike Thompson, managing director of global research at Thomson Financial, says he believes that the potential slowdown in earnings reflects a midcycle slowdown.

2007 November 11, Paul J. Lim, “Is the Market Finally Waking Up?”, in New York Times:


midquarter

Technology shares also received a boost ahead of a midquarter update from Texas Instruments, which tightened its financial targets after the closing bell.

2007 March 13, The Associated Press, “Wall St. Recovery Continues, Albeit Slowly”, in New York Times:


midconcert

Occurring in the middle of a concert, neither at the beginning nor the end