悔ゆ

悔ゆ (canonical)
kuyu (romanization)
悔い (irrealis stem)
くい (irrealis stem)
kui (irrealis)
悔い (continuative stem)
くい (continuative stem)
kui (continuative)
悔ゆ (stem terminative)
くゆ (stem terminative)
kuyu (terminative)
悔ゆる (attributive stem)
くゆる (attributive stem)
kuyuru (attributive)
悔ゆれ (realis stem)
くゆれ (realis stem)
kuyure (realis)
悔いよ (imperative stem)
くいよ (imperative stem)
kuiyo (imperative)
悔いず (negative)
くいず (negative)
kuizu (negative)
悔ゆれど (contrastive)
くゆれど (contrastive)
kuyuredo (contrastive)
悔ゆれば (causative)
くゆれば (causative)
kuyureba (causative)
悔いば (conditional)
くいば (conditional)
kuiba (conditional)
悔いき (past)
くいき (past)
kuiki (past)
悔いけり (past)
くいけり (past)
kuikeri (past)
悔いつ (perfect)
くいつ (perfect)
kuitu (perfect)
悔いぬ (perfect)
くいぬ (perfect)
kuinu (perfect)
悔いたり (continuative perfect)
くいたり (continuative perfect)
kuitari (continuative perfect)
悔いむ (volitional)
くいむ (volitional)
kuimu (volitional)


ゐなかぶ

inakabu (romanization)
ゐなかび (irrealis stem)
winakabi (irrealis stem)
ゐなかび (continuative stem)
winakabi (continuative stem)
ゐなかぶ (stem terminative)
winakabu (stem terminative)
ゐなかぶる (attributive stem)
winakaburu (attributive stem)
ゐなかぶれ (realis stem)
winakabure (realis stem)
ゐなかびよ (imperative stem)
winakabiyo (imperative stem)
ゐなかびず (negative)
winakabizu (negative)
ゐなかぶれど (contrastive)
winakaburedo (contrastive)
ゐなかぶれば (causative)
winakabureba (causative)
ゐなかびば (conditional)
winakabiba (conditional)
ゐなかびき (past)
winakabiki (past)
ゐなかびけり (past)
winakabikeri (past)
ゐなかびつ (perfect)
winakabitu (perfect)
ゐなかびぬ (perfect)
winakabinu (perfect)
ゐなかびたり (continuative perfect)
winakabitari (continuative perfect)
ゐなかびむ (volitional)
winakabimu (volitional)

From ゐなか (inaka, “countryside”) + auxiliary suffix ぶ (bu).

(Classical Japanese, archaic) to become rustic, to become countrified


思ほゆ

思ほゆ (canonical)
omohoyu (romanization)
思ほえ (irrealis stem)
おもほえ (irrealis stem)
omofoe (irrealis)
思ほえ (continuative stem)
おもほえ (continuative stem)
omofoe (continuative)
思ほゆ (stem terminative)
おもほゆ (stem terminative)
omofoyu (terminative)
思ほゆる (attributive stem)
おもほゆる (attributive stem)
omofoyuru (attributive)
思ほゆれ (realis stem)
おもほゆれ (realis stem)
omofoyure (realis)
思ほえよ (imperative stem)
おもほえよ (imperative stem)
omofoeyo (imperative)
思ほえず (negative)
おもほえず (negative)
omofoezu (negative)
思ほゆれど (contrastive)
おもほゆれど (contrastive)
omofoyuredo (contrastive)
思ほゆれば (causative)
おもほゆれば (causative)
omofoyureba (causative)
思ほえば (conditional)
おもほえば (conditional)
omofoeba (conditional)
思ほえき (past)
おもほえき (past)
omofoeki (past)
思ほえけり (past)
おもほえけり (past)
omofoekeri (past)
思ほえつ (perfect)
おもほえつ (perfect)
omofoetu (perfect)
思ほえぬ (perfect)
おもほえぬ (perfect)
omofoenu (perfect)
思ほえたり (continuative perfect)
おもほえたり (continuative perfect)
omofoetari (continuative perfect)
思ほえむ (volitional)
おもほえむ (volitional)
omofoemu (volitional)

From 思(おも)ふ (omofu, “to think”) + auxiliary passive verb ゆ (yu).

大王之 遠乃朝庭跡 蟻通 嶋門乎見者 神代之所念

所念: (Classical Japanese, archaic) to seem, to appear, to look like

所念: (Classical Japanese, archaic) to sound

所念: (Classical Japanese, archaic) to be regarded as


見ゆ

見ゆ (canonical)
miyu (romanization)
見え (irrealis stem)
みえ (irrealis stem)
mie (irrealis)
見え (continuative stem)
みえ (continuative stem)
mie (continuative)
見ゆ (stem terminative)
みゆ (stem terminative)
miyu (terminative)
見ゆる (attributive stem)
みゆる (attributive stem)
miyuru (attributive)
見ゆれ (realis stem)
みゆれ (realis stem)
miyure (realis)
見えよ (imperative stem)
みえよ (imperative stem)
mieyo (imperative)
見えず (negative)
みえず (negative)
miezu (negative)
見ゆれど (contrastive)
みゆれど (contrastive)
miyuredo (contrastive)
見ゆれば (causative)
みゆれば (causative)
miyureba (causative)
見えば (conditional)
みえば (conditional)
mieba (conditional)
見えき (past)
みえき (past)
mieki (past)
見えけり (past)
みえけり (past)
miekeri (past)
見えつ (perfect)
みえつ (perfect)
mietu (perfect)
見えぬ (perfect)
みえぬ (perfect)
mienu (perfect)
見えたり (continuative perfect)
みえたり (continuative perfect)
mietari (continuative perfect)
見えむ (volitional)
みえむ (volitional)
miemu (volitional)

From Old Japanese.
Derived from 見 (mi, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete or irrealis form”) of 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”) verb 見る (miru), “to look, see, watch”) + ゆ (-yu, passive, spontaneous, or potential verb suffix).

com

所見: (Classical Japanese, archaic) to be seen, be found


收む

收む (canonical)
osamu (romanization)
收め (irrealis stem)
をさめ (irrealis stem)
wosame (irrealis)
收め (continuative stem)
をさめ (continuative stem)
wosame (continuative)
收む (stem terminative)
をさむ (stem terminative)
wosamu (terminative)
收むる (attributive stem)
をさむる (attributive stem)
wosamuru (attributive)
收むれ (realis stem)
をさむれ (realis stem)
wosamure (realis)
收めよ (imperative stem)
をさめよ (imperative stem)
wosameyo (imperative)
收めず (negative)
をさめず (negative)
wosamezu (negative)
收むれど (contrastive)
をさむれど (contrastive)
wosamuredo (contrastive)
收むれば (causative)
をさむれば (causative)
wosamureba (causative)
收めば (conditional)
をさめば (conditional)
wosameba (conditional)
收めき (past)
をさめき (past)
wosameki (past)
收めけり (past)
をさめけり (past)
wosamekeri (past)
收めつ (perfect)
をさめつ (perfect)
wosametu (perfect)
收めぬ (perfect)
をさめぬ (perfect)
wosamenu (perfect)
收めたり (continuative perfect)
をさめたり (continuative perfect)
wosametari (continuative perfect)
收めむ (volitional)
をさめむ (volitional)
wosamemu (volitional)

(Classical Japanese, archaic) to dedicate; to make an offering; to pay (fees)


さお

sao (romanization)
sawo (romanization)
さを (hiragana historical)

1928, Motojirō Kajii, Sakura no ki no shita ni wa [Under the cherry trees], Modern kanji and kana edition:

白い日光をさ青に煙らせている木の若芽

shiroi nikkō o sao ni kemuraseteiru ki no wakame


讒づ

讒づ (canonical)
shikozu (romanization)
讒ぢ (irrealis stem)
しこぢ (irrealis stem)
sikodi (irrealis)
讒ぢ (continuative stem)
しこぢ (continuative stem)
sikodi (continuative)
讒づ (stem terminative)
しこづ (stem terminative)
sikodu (terminative)
讒づる (attributive stem)
しこづる (attributive stem)
sikoduru (attributive)
讒づれ (realis stem)
しこづれ (realis stem)
sikodure (realis)
讒ぢよ (imperative stem)
しこぢよ (imperative stem)
sikodiyo (imperative)
讒ぢず (negative)
しこぢず (negative)
sikodizu (negative)
讒づれど (contrastive)
しこづれど (contrastive)
sikoduredo (contrastive)
讒づれば (causative)
しこづれば (causative)
sikodureba (causative)
讒ぢば (conditional)
しこぢば (conditional)
sikodiba (conditional)
讒ぢき (past)
しこぢき (past)
sikodiki (past)
讒ぢけり (past)
しこぢけり (past)
sikodikeri (past)
讒ぢつ (perfect)
しこぢつ (perfect)
sikoditu (perfect)
讒ぢぬ (perfect)
しこぢぬ (perfect)
sikodinu (perfect)
讒ぢたり (continuative perfect)
しこぢたり (continuative perfect)
sikoditari (continuative perfect)
讒ぢむ (volitional)
しこぢむ (volitional)
sikodimu (volitional)

長飼首歌依を讒ぢていはく

(Classical Japanese, archaic) to slanderously misrepresent

(Classical Japanese, archaic) to slander, to defame


捻づ

捻づ (canonical)
nezu (romanization)
捻ぢ (irrealis stem)
ねぢ (irrealis stem)
nedi (irrealis)
捻ぢ (continuative stem)
ねぢ (continuative stem)
nedi (continuative)
捻づ (stem terminative)
ねづ (stem terminative)
nedu (terminative)
捻づる (attributive stem)
ねづる (attributive stem)
neduru (attributive)
捻づれ (realis stem)
ねづれ (realis stem)
nedure (realis)
捻ぢよ (imperative stem)
ねぢよ (imperative stem)
nediyo (imperative)
捻ぢず (negative)
ねぢず (negative)
nedizu (negative)
捻づれど (contrastive)
ねづれど (contrastive)
neduredo (contrastive)
捻づれば (causative)
ねづれば (causative)
nedureba (causative)
捻ぢば (conditional)
ねぢば (conditional)
nediba (conditional)
捻ぢき (past)
ねぢき (past)
nediki (past)
捻ぢけり (past)
ねぢけり (past)
nedikeri (past)
捻ぢつ (perfect)
ねぢつ (perfect)
neditu (perfect)
捻ぢぬ (perfect)
ねぢぬ (perfect)
nedinu (perfect)
捻ぢたり (continuative perfect)
ねぢたり (continuative perfect)
neditari (continuative perfect)
捻ぢむ (volitional)
ねぢむ (volitional)
nedimu (volitional)


怖づ

怖づ (canonical)
ozu (romanization)
怖ぢ (irrealis stem)
おぢ (irrealis stem)
odi (irrealis)
怖ぢ (continuative stem)
おぢ (continuative stem)
odi (continuative)
怖づ (stem terminative)
おづ (stem terminative)
odu (terminative)
怖づる (attributive stem)
おづる (attributive stem)
oduru (attributive)
怖づれ (realis stem)
おづれ (realis stem)
odure (realis)
怖ぢよ (imperative stem)
おぢよ (imperative stem)
odiyo (imperative)
怖ぢず (negative)
おぢず (negative)
odizu (negative)
怖づれど (contrastive)
おづれど (contrastive)
oduredo (contrastive)
怖づれば (causative)
おづれば (causative)
odureba (causative)
怖ぢば (conditional)
おぢば (conditional)
odiba (conditional)
怖ぢき (past)
おぢき (past)
odiki (past)
怖ぢけり (past)
おぢけり (past)
odikeri (past)
怖ぢつ (perfect)
おぢつ (perfect)
oditu (perfect)
怖ぢぬ (perfect)
おぢぬ (perfect)
odinu (perfect)
怖ぢたり (continuative perfect)
おぢたり (continuative perfect)
oditari (continuative perfect)
怖ぢむ (volitional)
おぢむ (volitional)
odimu (volitional)

(Classical Japanese, archaic) to be scared


閉づ

閉づ (canonical)
tozu (romanization)
閉ぢ (irrealis stem)
とぢ (irrealis stem)
todi (irrealis)
閉ぢ (continuative stem)
とぢ (continuative stem)
todi (continuative)
閉づ (stem terminative)
とづ (stem terminative)
todu (terminative)
閉づる (attributive stem)
とづる (attributive stem)
toduru (attributive)
閉づれ (realis stem)
とづれ (realis stem)
todure (realis)
閉ぢよ (imperative stem)
とぢよ (imperative stem)
todiyo (imperative)
閉ぢず (negative)
とぢず (negative)
todizu (negative)
閉づれど (contrastive)
とづれど (contrastive)
toduredo (contrastive)
閉づれば (causative)
とづれば (causative)
todureba (causative)
閉ぢば (conditional)
とぢば (conditional)
todiba (conditional)
閉ぢき (past)
とぢき (past)
todiki (past)
閉ぢけり (past)
とぢけり (past)
todikeri (past)
閉ぢつ (perfect)
とぢつ (perfect)
toditu (perfect)
閉ぢぬ (perfect)
とぢぬ (perfect)
todinu (perfect)
閉ぢたり (continuative perfect)
とぢたり (continuative perfect)
toditari (continuative perfect)
閉ぢむ (volitional)
とぢむ (volitional)
todimu (volitional)

(Classical Japanese, archaic) to shut, to close


綴づ

綴づ (canonical)
tozu (romanization)
綴ぢ (irrealis stem)
とぢ (irrealis stem)
todi (irrealis)
綴ぢ (continuative stem)
とぢ (continuative stem)
todi (continuative)
綴づ (stem terminative)
とづ (stem terminative)
todu (terminative)
綴づる (attributive stem)
とづる (attributive stem)
toduru (attributive)
綴づれ (realis stem)
とづれ (realis stem)
todure (realis)
綴ぢよ (imperative stem)
とぢよ (imperative stem)
todiyo (imperative)
綴ぢず (negative)
とぢず (negative)
todizu (negative)
綴づれど (contrastive)
とづれど (contrastive)
toduredo (contrastive)
綴づれば (causative)
とづれば (causative)
todureba (causative)
綴ぢば (conditional)
とぢば (conditional)
todiba (conditional)
綴ぢき (past)
とぢき (past)
todiki (past)
綴ぢけり (past)
とぢけり (past)
todikeri (past)
綴ぢつ (perfect)
とぢつ (perfect)
toditu (perfect)
綴ぢぬ (perfect)
とぢぬ (perfect)
todinu (perfect)
綴ぢたり (continuative perfect)
とぢたり (continuative perfect)
toditari (continuative perfect)
綴ぢむ (volitional)
とぢむ (volitional)
todimu (volitional)


垂づ

垂づ (canonical)
shizu (romanization)
垂で (irrealis stem)
しで (irrealis stem)
side (irrealis)
垂で (continuative stem)
しで (continuative stem)
side (continuative)
垂づ (stem terminative)
しづ (stem terminative)
sidu (terminative)
垂づる (attributive stem)
しづる (attributive stem)
siduru (attributive)
垂づれ (realis stem)
しづれ (realis stem)
sidure (realis)
垂でよ (imperative stem)
しでよ (imperative stem)
sideyo (imperative)
垂でず (negative)
しでず (negative)
sidezu (negative)
垂づれど (contrastive)
しづれど (contrastive)
siduredo (contrastive)
垂づれば (causative)
しづれば (causative)
sidureba (causative)
垂でば (conditional)
しでば (conditional)
sideba (conditional)
垂でき (past)
しでき (past)
sideki (past)
垂でけり (past)
しでけり (past)
sidekeri (past)
垂でつ (perfect)
しでつ (perfect)
sidetu (perfect)
垂でぬ (perfect)
しでぬ (perfect)
sidenu (perfect)
垂でたり (continuative perfect)
しでたり (continuative perfect)
sidetari (continuative perfect)
垂でむ (volitional)
しでむ (volitional)
sidemu (volitional)

後れにし人を思はく思泥の崎木綿取り垂でて幸くとぞ思ふ

(Classical Japanese, archaic) to suspend


罷づ

罷づ (canonical)
makazu (romanization)
罷で (irrealis stem)
まかで (irrealis stem)
makade (irrealis)
罷で (continuative stem)
まかで (continuative stem)
makade (continuative)
罷づ (stem terminative)
まかづ (stem terminative)
makadu (terminative)
罷づる (attributive stem)
まかづる (attributive stem)
makaduru (attributive)
罷づれ (realis stem)
まかづれ (realis stem)
makadure (realis)
罷でよ (imperative stem)
まかでよ (imperative stem)
makadeyo (imperative)
罷でず (negative)
まかでず (negative)
makadezu (negative)
罷づれど (contrastive)
まかづれど (contrastive)
makaduredo (contrastive)
罷づれば (causative)
まかづれば (causative)
makadureba (causative)
罷でば (conditional)
まかでば (conditional)
makadeba (conditional)
罷でき (past)
まかでき (past)
makadeki (past)
罷でけり (past)
まかでけり (past)
makadekeri (past)
罷でつ (perfect)
まかでつ (perfect)
makadetu (perfect)
罷でぬ (perfect)
まかでぬ (perfect)
makadenu (perfect)
罷でたり (continuative perfect)
まかでたり (continuative perfect)
makadetari (continuative perfect)
罷でむ (volitional)
まかでむ (volitional)
makademu (volitional)

(Classical Japanese, archaic, humble) to leave


思ほす

思ほす (canonical)
omohosu (romanization)
思ほさ (irrealis stem)
おもほさ (irrealis stem)
omofosa (irrealis)
思ほし (continuative stem)
おもほし (continuative stem)
omofosi (continuative)
思ほす (stem terminative)
おもほす (stem terminative)
omofosu (terminative)
思ほす (attributive stem)
おもほす (attributive stem)
omofosu (attributive)
思ほせ (realis stem)
おもほせ (realis stem)
omofose (realis)
思ほせ (imperative stem)
おもほせ (imperative stem)
omofose (imperative)
思ほさず (negative)
おもほさず (negative)
omofosazu (negative)
思ほせど (contrastive)
おもほせど (contrastive)
omofosedo (contrastive)
思ほせば (causative)
おもほせば (causative)
omofoseba (causative)
思ほさば (conditional)
おもほさば (conditional)
omofosaba (conditional)
思ほしき (past)
おもほしき (past)
omofosiki (past)
思ほしけり (past)
おもほしけり (past)
omofosikeri (past)
思ほしつ (perfect)
おもほしつ (perfect)
omofositu (perfect)
思ほしぬ (perfect)
おもほしぬ (perfect)
omofosinu (perfect)
思ほせり (continuative perfect)
思ほしたり (continuative perfect)
おもほせり (continuative perfect)
おもほしたり (continuative perfect)
omofoseri (continuative perfect)
omofositari (continuative perfect)
思ほさむ (volitional)
おもほさむ (volitional)
omofosamu (volitional)

From 思(おも)は (omoha), the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of 思(おも)ふ (omofu, “to think”) + auxiliary verb す (su).
思(おも)は (omoha) changes to 思(おも)ほ (omoho) as the result of 音便 (onbin, “euphony”).

(Classical Japanese, honorific) to think


知ろす

知ろす (canonical)
shirosu (romanization)
知ろさ (irrealis stem)
しろさ (irrealis stem)
sirosa (irrealis)
知ろし (continuative stem)
しろし (continuative stem)
sirosi (continuative)
知ろす (stem terminative)
しろす (stem terminative)
sirosu (terminative)
知ろす (attributive stem)
しろす (attributive stem)
sirosu (attributive)
知ろせ (realis stem)
しろせ (realis stem)
sirose (realis)
知ろせ (imperative stem)
しろせ (imperative stem)
sirose (imperative)
知ろさず (negative)
しろさず (negative)
sirosazu (negative)
知ろせど (contrastive)
しろせど (contrastive)
sirosedo (contrastive)
知ろせば (causative)
しろせば (causative)
siroseba (causative)
知ろさば (conditional)
しろさば (conditional)
sirosaba (conditional)
知ろしき (past)
しろしき (past)
sirosiki (past)
知ろしけり (past)
しろしけり (past)
sirosikeri (past)
知ろしつ (perfect)
しろしつ (perfect)
sirositu (perfect)
知ろしぬ (perfect)
しろしぬ (perfect)
sirosinu (perfect)
知ろせり (continuative perfect)
知ろしたり (continuative perfect)
しろせり (continuative perfect)
しろしたり (continuative perfect)
siroseri (continuative perfect)
sirositari (continuative perfect)
知ろさむ (volitional)
しろさむ (volitional)
sirosamu (volitional)

From 知(し)ら (shira), the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of 知(し)る (shiru, “to know”) + auxiliary verb す (su).
知(し)ら (shira) changes to 知(し)ろ (shiro) as the result of 音便 (onbin, “euphony”).

(Classical Japanese, archaic, honorific) to know


御座す

御座す (canonical)
owasu (romanization)
ofasu (romanization)
御座せ (irrealis stem)
おはせ (irrealis stem)
ofase (irrealis)
御座し (continuative stem)
おはし (continuative stem)
ofasi (continuative)
御座す (stem terminative)
おはす (stem terminative)
ofasu (terminative)
御座する (attributive stem)
おはする (attributive stem)
ofasuru (attributive)
御座すれ (realis stem)
おはすれ (realis stem)
ofasure (realis)
御座せよ (imperative stem)
おはせよ (imperative stem)
ofaseyo (imperative)
御座せず (negative)
おはせず (negative)
ofasezu (negative)
御座すれど (contrastive)
おはすれど (contrastive)
ofasuredo (contrastive)
御座すれば (causative)
おはすれば (causative)
ofasureba (causative)
御座せば (conditional)
おはせば (conditional)
ofaseba (conditional)
御座しき (past)
おはしき (past)
ofasiki (past)
御座しけり (past)
おはしけり (past)
ofasikeri (past)
御座しつ (perfect)
おはしつ (perfect)
ofasitu (perfect)
御座しぬ (perfect)
おはしぬ (perfect)
ofasinu (perfect)
御座せり (continuative perfect)
御座したり (continuative perfect)
おはせり (continuative perfect)
おはしたり (continuative perfect)
ofaseri (continuative perfect)
ofasitari (continuative perfect)
御座せむ (volitional)
おはせむ (volitional)
ofasemu (volitional)


参らす

(Classical Japanese, archaic, humble) to do

(Classical Japanese, archaic, humble) to give; to present; to offer


参らす

参らす (canonical)
-mairasu (romanization)
参らせ (irrealis stem)
まゐらせ (irrealis stem)
mawirase (irrealis)
参らせ (continuative stem)
まゐらせ (continuative stem)
mawirase (continuative)
参らす (stem terminative)
まゐらす (stem terminative)
mawirasu (terminative)
参らする (attributive stem)
まゐらする (attributive stem)
mawirasuru (attributive)
参らすれ (realis stem)
まゐらすれ (realis stem)
mawirasure (realis)
参らせよ (imperative stem)
まゐらせよ (imperative stem)
mawiraseyo (imperative)
参らせず (negative)
まゐらせず (negative)
mawirasezu (negative)
参らすれど (contrastive)
まゐらすれど (contrastive)
mawirasuredo (contrastive)
参らすれば (causative)
まゐらすれば (causative)
mawirasureba (causative)
参らせば (conditional)
まゐらせば (conditional)
mawiraseba (conditional)
参らせき (past)
まゐらせき (past)
mawiraseki (past)
参らせけり (past)
まゐらせけり (past)
mawirasekeri (past)
参らせつ (perfect)
まゐらせつ (perfect)
mawirasetu (perfect)
参らせぬ (perfect)
まゐらせぬ (perfect)
mawirasenu (perfect)
参らせたり (continuative perfect)
まゐらせたり (continuative perfect)
mawirasetari (continuative perfect)
参らせむ (volitional)
まゐらせむ (volitional)
mawirasemu (volitional)

(Classical Japanese, archaic, humble) expresses humbleness


まらす

-marasu (romanization)
まらせ (irrealis stem)
marase (irrealis stem)
まらせ (continuative stem)
marase (continuative stem)
まらす (stem terminative)
marasu (stem terminative)
まらする (attributive stem)
marasuru (attributive stem)
まらすれ (realis stem)
marasure (realis stem)
まらせよ (imperative stem)
maraseyo (imperative stem)
まらせず (negative)
marasezu (negative)
まらすれど (contrastive)
marasuredo (contrastive)
まらすれば (causative)
marasureba (causative)
まらせば (conditional)
maraseba (conditional)
まらせき (past)
maraseki (past)
まらせけり (past)
marasekeri (past)
まらせつ (perfect)
marasetu (perfect)
まらせぬ (perfect)
marasenu (perfect)
まらせたり (continuative perfect)
marasetari (continuative perfect)
まらせむ (volitional)
marasemu (volitional)

(Classical Japanese, archaic, humble) to do; expresses humbleness

(Classical Japanese, archaic, polite) expresses politeness toward and distance from the listener


まっす

-massu (romanization)
まっせ (irrealis stem)
masse (irrealis stem)
まっせ (continuative stem)
masse (continuative stem)
まっす (stem terminative)
massu (stem terminative)
まっする (attributive stem)
massuru (attributive stem)
まっすれ (realis stem)
massure (realis stem)
まっせよ (imperative stem)
masseyo (imperative stem)
まっせず (negative)
massezu (negative)
まっすれど (contrastive)
massuredo (contrastive)
まっすれば (causative)
massureba (causative)
まっせば (conditional)
masseba (conditional)
まっせき (past)
masseki (past)
まっせけり (past)
massekeri (past)
まっせつ (perfect)
massetu (perfect)
まっせぬ (perfect)
massenu (perfect)
まっせたり (continuative perfect)
massetari (continuative perfect)
まっせむ (volitional)
massemu (volitional)

Contraction of まらす (marasu), which itself is a contraction of 参(まゐ)らす (mairasu).


ごとし

gotoshi (romanization)
ごとく (continuative stem)
ごとかり (continuative stem)
gotoku (continuative stem)
gotokari (continuative stem)
ごとし (stem terminative)
gotosi (stem terminative)
ごとき (attributive stem)
ごとかる (attributive stem)
gotoki (attributive stem)
gotokaru (attributive stem)
ごとからず (negative)
gotokarazu (negative)
ごとけれど (contrastive)
gotokeredo (contrastive)
ごとければ (causative)
gotokereba (causative)
ごとくば (conditional)
gotokuba (conditional)
ごとかりき (past)
gotokariki (past)
ごとかりけり (past)
gotokarikeri (past)
ごとく (adverbial)
gotoku (adverbial)

Compare Middle Korean ᄀᆞᆮᄒᆞ다 (kothota) > Korean 같다 (gatda, “like; the same”).

風のごとく

風のごとく早し

風のごとき人

時は風のごとし


わろし

waroshi (romanization)
わろく (irrealis stem)
わろから (irrealis stem)
waroku (irrealis stem)
warokara (irrealis stem)
わろく (continuative stem)
わろかり (continuative stem)
waroku (continuative stem)
warokari (continuative stem)
わろし (stem terminative)
warosi (stem terminative)
わろき (attributive stem)
わろかる (attributive stem)
waroki (attributive stem)
warokaru (attributive stem)
わろけれ (realis stem)
warokere (realis stem)
わろかれ (imperative stem)
warokare (imperative stem)
わろからず (negative)
warokarazu (negative)
わろけれど (contrastive)
warokeredo (contrastive)
わろければ (causative)
warokereba (causative)
わろくば (conditional)
warokuba (conditional)
わろかりき (past)
warokariki (past)
わろかりけり (past)
warokarikeri (past)
わろく (adverbial)
waroku (adverbial)

Sei Shōnagon, Makura no Sōshi https://web.archive.org/web/20211127061221/http://jti.lib.virginia.edu/japanese/sei/makura/SeiMaku.html
難義の事をいひて、「その事させんとす」といはんといふを、と文字をうしなひて、唯「いはんずる」「里へ出でんずる」などいへば、やがていとわろし。
Nangi no koto o iite, "sono koto sasen to su" to iwan to iu o, to moji o ushinaite, tada "iwanzuru" "sato e idenzuru" nado ieba, yagate ito waroshi.


あやなし

ja-adj

あやなし • (ayanashi) ^(←あやなし (ayanasi)?)^†-ku

ayanashi (romanization)
ayanasi (romanization)
あやなく (irrealis stem)
あやなから (irrealis stem)
ayanaku (irrealis stem)
ayanakara (irrealis stem)
あやなく (continuative stem)
あやなかり (continuative stem)
ayanaku (continuative stem)
ayanakari (continuative stem)
あやなし (stem terminative)
ayanasi (stem terminative)
あやなき (attributive stem)
あやなかる (attributive stem)
ayanaki (attributive stem)
ayanakaru (attributive stem)
あやなけれ (realis stem)
ayanakere (realis stem)
あやなかれ (imperative stem)
ayanakare (imperative stem)
あやなからず (negative)
ayanakarazu (negative)
あやなけれど (contrastive)
ayanakeredo (contrastive)
あやなければ (causative)
ayanakereba (causative)
あやなくば (conditional)
ayanakuba (conditional)
あやなかりき (past)
ayanakariki (past)
あやなかりけり (past)
ayanakarikeri (past)
あやなく (adverbial)
ayanaku (adverbial)

Kokin Wakashū
春の夜の闇はあやなし
haru no yo no yami wa ayanashi
strange is the darkness of spring nights


能ふ

能ふ (canonical)
atafu (romanization)
能は (irrealis stem)
あたは (irrealis stem)
atafa (irrealis)
能ひ (continuative stem)
あたひ (continuative stem)
atafi (continuative)
能ふ (stem terminative)
あたふ (stem terminative)
atafu (terminative)
能ふ (attributive stem)
あたふ (attributive stem)
atafu (attributive)
能へ (realis stem)
あたへ (realis stem)
atafe (realis)
能へ (imperative stem)
あたへ (imperative stem)
atafe (imperative)
能はず (negative)
あたはず (negative)
atafazu (negative)
能へど (contrastive)
あたへど (contrastive)
atafedo (contrastive)
能へば (causative)
あたへば (causative)
atafeba (causative)
能はば (conditional)
あたはば (conditional)
atafaba (conditional)
能ひき (past)
あたひき (past)
atafiki (past)
能ひけり (past)
あたひけり (past)
atafikeri (past)
能ひつ (perfect)
あたひつ (perfect)
atafitu (perfect)
能ひぬ (perfect)
あたひぬ (perfect)
atafinu (perfect)
能へり (continuative perfect)
能ひたり (continuative perfect)
あたへり (continuative perfect)
あたひたり (continuative perfect)
ataferi (continuative perfect)
atafitari (continuative perfect)
能はむ (volitional)
あたはむ (volitional)
atafamu (volitional)

(Classical Japanese, archaic) to be able


買ふ

買ふ (canonical)
kafu (romanization)
買は (irrealis stem)
かは (irrealis stem)
kafa (irrealis)
買ひ (continuative stem)
かひ (continuative stem)
kafi (continuative)
買ふ (stem terminative)
かふ (stem terminative)
kafu (terminative)
買ふ (attributive stem)
かふ (attributive stem)
kafu (attributive)
買へ (realis stem)
かへ (realis stem)
kafe (realis)
買へ (imperative stem)
かへ (imperative stem)
kafe (imperative)
買はず (negative)
かはず (negative)
kafazu (negative)
買へど (contrastive)
かへど (contrastive)
kafedo (contrastive)
買へば (causative)
かへば (causative)
kafeba (causative)
買はば (conditional)
かはば (conditional)
kafaba (conditional)
買ひき (past)
かひき (past)
kafiki (past)
買ひけり (past)
かひけり (past)
kafikeri (past)
買ひつ (perfect)
かひつ (perfect)
kafitu (perfect)
買ひぬ (perfect)
かひぬ (perfect)
kafinu (perfect)
買へり (continuative perfect)
買ひたり (continuative perfect)
かへり (continuative perfect)
かひたり (continuative perfect)
kaferi (continuative perfect)
kafitari (continuative perfect)
買はむ (volitional)
かはむ (volitional)
kafamu (volitional)


もゆ

moyu (romanization)
もえ (irrealis stem)
moe (irrealis stem)
もえ (continuative stem)
moe (continuative stem)
もゆ (stem terminative)
moyu (stem terminative)
もゆる (attributive stem)
moyuru (attributive stem)
もゆれ (realis stem)
moyure (realis stem)
もえよ (imperative stem)
moeyo (imperative stem)
もえず (negative)
moezu (negative)
もゆれど (contrastive)
moyuredo (contrastive)
もゆれば (causative)
moyureba (causative)
もえば (conditional)
moeba (conditional)
もえき (past)
moeki (past)
もえけり (past)
moekeri (past)
もえつ (perfect)
moetu (perfect)
もえぬ (perfect)
moenu (perfect)
もえたり (continuative perfect)
moetari (continuative perfect)
もえむ (volitional)
moemu (volitional)

Classical Japanese form of 燃える (moeru), from Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *moyu.

燃ゆる思い

(modern language, literary) fiery thoughts

Classical Japanese and literary form of もえる (moeru, “to burn”)


もゆ

Classical Japanese form of もえる (moeru, “to sprout”)


とぶらい

toburai (romanization)
toburafi (romanization)
とぶらひ (hiragana historical)

(Classical Japanese) alternative form of とむらい (tomurai)


欲す

欲す (canonical)
horisu (romanization)
欲せ (irrealis stem)
ほりせ (irrealis stem)
forise (irrealis)
欲し (continuative stem)
ほりし (continuative stem)
forisi (continuative)
欲す (stem terminative)
ほりす (stem terminative)
forisu (terminative)
欲する (attributive stem)
ほりする (attributive stem)
forisuru (attributive)
欲すれ (realis stem)
ほりすれ (realis stem)
forisure (realis)
欲せよ (imperative stem)
ほりせよ (imperative stem)
foriseyo (imperative)
欲せず (negative)
ほりせず (negative)
forisezu (negative)
欲すれど (contrastive)
ほりすれど (contrastive)
forisuredo (contrastive)
欲すれば (causative)
ほりすれば (causative)
forisureba (causative)
欲せば (conditional)
ほりせば (conditional)
foriseba (conditional)
欲しき (past)
ほりしき (past)
forisiki (past)
欲しけり (past)
ほりしけり (past)
forisikeri (past)
欲しつ (perfect)
ほりしつ (perfect)
forisitu (perfect)
欲しぬ (perfect)
ほりしぬ (perfect)
forisinu (perfect)
欲せり (continuative perfect)
欲したり (continuative perfect)
ほりせり (continuative perfect)
ほりしたり (continuative perfect)
foriseri (continuative perfect)
forisitari (continuative perfect)
欲せむ (volitional)
ほりせむ (volitional)
forisemu (volitional)

己が命を長く欲すれ

Classical Japanese form of 欲する (hossuru, “to want”)


ほりす

欲す: Classical Japanese form of 欲する (hossuru, “to want”)


らる

予想せらる

封ぜらる

Classical Japanese form of られる (rareru, passive)


天照る

天照る (canonical)
amateru (romanization)
天照ら (irrealis stem)
あまてら (irrealis stem)
amatera (irrealis)
天照り (continuative stem)
あまてり (continuative stem)
amateri (continuative)
天照る (stem terminative)
あまてる (stem terminative)
amateru (terminative)
天照る (attributive stem)
あまてる (attributive stem)
amateru (attributive)
天照れ (realis stem)
あまてれ (realis stem)
amatere (realis)
天照れ (imperative stem)
あまてれ (imperative stem)
amatere (imperative)
天照らず (negative)
あまてらず (negative)
amaterazu (negative)
天照れど (contrastive)
あまてれど (contrastive)
amateredo (contrastive)
天照れば (causative)
あまてれば (causative)
amatereba (causative)
天照らば (conditional)
あまてらば (conditional)
amateraba (conditional)
天照りき (past)
あまてりき (past)
amateriki (past)
天照りけり (past)
あまてりけり (past)
amaterikeri (past)
天照りつ (perfect)
あまてりつ (perfect)
amateritu (perfect)
天照りぬ (perfect)
あまてりぬ (perfect)
amaterinu (perfect)
天照れり (continuative perfect)
天照りたり (continuative perfect)
あまてれり (continuative perfect)
あまてりたり (continuative perfect)
amatereri (continuative perfect)
amateritari (continuative perfect)
天照らむ (volitional)
あまてらむ (volitional)
amateramu (volitional)

天(あま) (ama, “heaven”) + 照(て)る (teru, “to shine”)

com-ja

(Classical Japanese, Japanese mythology, of gods and heavenly bodies) to shine in heaven


治む

ja-verb

治(おさ)む • (osamu) ^(←をさむ (wosamu)?)^†nidan

治む (canonical)
osamu (romanization)
wosamu (romanization)
治め (irrealis stem)
をさめ (irrealis stem)
wosame (irrealis)
治め (continuative stem)
をさめ (continuative stem)
wosame (continuative)
治む (stem terminative)
をさむ (stem terminative)
wosamu (terminative)
治むる (attributive stem)
をさむる (attributive stem)
wosamuru (attributive)
治むれ (realis stem)
をさむれ (realis stem)
wosamure (realis)
治めよ (imperative stem)
をさめよ (imperative stem)
wosameyo (imperative)
治めず (negative)
をさめず (negative)
wosamezu (negative)
治むれど (contrastive)
をさむれど (contrastive)
wosamuredo (contrastive)
治むれば (causative)
をさむれば (causative)
wosamureba (causative)
治めば (conditional)
をさめば (conditional)
wosameba (conditional)
治めき (past)
をさめき (past)
wosameki (past)
治めけり (past)
をさめけり (past)
wosamekeri (past)
治めつ (perfect)
をさめつ (perfect)
wosametu (perfect)
治めぬ (perfect)
をさめぬ (perfect)
wosamenu (perfect)
治めたり (continuative perfect)
をさめたり (continuative perfect)
wosametari (continuative perfect)
治めむ (volitional)
をさめむ (volitional)
wosamemu (volitional)

Classical Japanese form of 治める (osameru, “to rule; to reign; to govern”)


天照らす

天(あま)照(て)らす or 天(あま)照(で)らす • (amaterasu or amaderasu) ^†nidan

天照らす (canonical)
天照らす (canonical)
amaterasu (romanization)
amaderasu (romanization)
天照らせ (irrealis stem)
あまてらせ (irrealis stem)
amaterase (irrealis)
天照らせ (continuative stem)
あまてらせ (continuative stem)
amaterase (continuative)
天照らす (stem terminative)
あまてらす (stem terminative)
amaterasu (terminative)
天照らする (attributive stem)
あまてらする (attributive stem)
amaterasuru (attributive)
天照らすれ (realis stem)
あまてらすれ (realis stem)
amaterasure (realis)
天照らせよ (imperative stem)
あまてらせよ (imperative stem)
amateraseyo (imperative)
天照らせず (negative)
あまてらせず (negative)
amaterasezu (negative)
天照らすれど (contrastive)
あまてらすれど (contrastive)
amaterasuredo (contrastive)
天照らすれば (causative)
あまてらすれば (causative)
amaterasureba (causative)
天照らせば (conditional)
あまてらせば (conditional)
amateraseba (conditional)
天照らせき (past)
あまてらせき (past)
amateraseki (past)
天照らせけり (past)
あまてらせけり (past)
amaterasekeri (past)
天照らせつ (perfect)
あまてらせつ (perfect)
amaterasetu (perfect)
天照らせぬ (perfect)
あまてらせぬ (perfect)
amaterasenu (perfect)
天照らせたり (continuative perfect)
あまてらせたり (continuative perfect)
amaterasetari (continuative perfect)
天照らせむ (volitional)
あまてらせむ (volitional)
amaterasemu (volitional)

天照ら (irrealis of 天照る) + す (honorific auxiliary). Spelt with 万葉仮名 (Man'yōgana) as 安麻泥良須 (amaderasu), suggesting a voiced form, in the 4125th poem of the 万葉集 (Man'yōshū), even though 天照る was spelt without such voiced form as 安麻弖流 (amateru) in the 3650th poem.

suf

irrealis of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">天照る</i>

(Classical Japanese, honorific, literal, Japanese mythology, of gods and heavenly bodies) alternative form of 天照る (amateru, “to shine in heaven”)

(Classical Japanese, honorific, figurative, of a ruler) to rule a nation


領る

(Classical Japanese) to rule; to reign; to govern


領らす

領らす (canonical)
shirasu (romanization)
領らせ (irrealis stem)
あまてらせ (irrealis stem)
amaterase (irrealis)
領らせ (continuative stem)
あまてらせ (continuative stem)
amaterase (continuative)
領らす (stem terminative)
あまてらす (stem terminative)
amaterasu (terminative)
領らする (attributive stem)
あまてらする (attributive stem)
amaterasuru (attributive)
領らすれ (realis stem)
あまてらすれ (realis stem)
amaterasure (realis)
領らせよ (imperative stem)
あまてらせよ (imperative stem)
amateraseyo (imperative)
領らせず (negative)
あまてらせず (negative)
amaterasezu (negative)
領らすれど (contrastive)
あまてらすれど (contrastive)
amaterasuredo (contrastive)
領らすれば (causative)
あまてらすれば (causative)
amaterasureba (causative)
領らせば (conditional)
あまてらせば (conditional)
amateraseba (conditional)
領らせき (past)
あまてらせき (past)
amateraseki (past)
領らせけり (past)
あまてらせけり (past)
amaterasekeri (past)
領らせつ (perfect)
あまてらせつ (perfect)
amaterasetu (perfect)
領らせぬ (perfect)
あまてらせぬ (perfect)
amaterasenu (perfect)
領らせたり (continuative perfect)
あまてらせたり (continuative perfect)
amaterasetari (continuative perfect)
領らせむ (volitional)
あまてらせむ (volitional)
amaterasemu (volitional)

領ら (irrealis of 領る) + す (honorific auxiliary)

irrealis of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">領る</i>

始馭天下之天皇

御肇国天皇

(Classical Japanese, honorific) alternative form of 領る (shiru, “to rule; to reign; to govern”)


遂ぐ

遂ぐ (canonical)
togu (romanization)
遂げ (irrealis stem)
とげ (irrealis stem)
toge (irrealis)
遂げ (continuative stem)
とげ (continuative stem)
toge (continuative)
遂ぐ (stem terminative)
とぐ (stem terminative)
togu (terminative)
遂ぐる (attributive stem)
とぐる (attributive stem)
toguru (attributive)
遂ぐれ (realis stem)
とぐれ (realis stem)
togure (realis)
遂げよ (imperative stem)
とげよ (imperative stem)
togeyo (imperative)
遂げず (negative)
とげず (negative)
togezu (negative)
遂ぐれど (contrastive)
とぐれど (contrastive)
toguredo (contrastive)
遂ぐれば (causative)
とぐれば (causative)
togureba (causative)
遂げば (conditional)
とげば (conditional)
togeba (conditional)
遂げき (past)
とげき (past)
togeki (past)
遂げけり (past)
とげけり (past)
togekeri (past)
遂げつ (perfect)
とげつ (perfect)
togetu (perfect)
遂げぬ (perfect)
とげぬ (perfect)
togenu (perfect)
遂げたり (continuative perfect)
とげたり (continuative perfect)
togetari (continuative perfect)
遂げむ (volitional)
とげむ (volitional)
togemu (volitional)

Classical Japanese form of 遂げる (togeru, “to achieve; to attain; to accomplish”)


委ぬ

委ぬ (canonical)
yudanu (romanization)
委ね (irrealis stem)
ゆだね (irrealis stem)
yudane (irrealis)
委ね (continuative stem)
ゆだね (continuative stem)
yudane (continuative)
委ぬ (stem terminative)
ゆだぬ (stem terminative)
yudanu (terminative)
委ぬる (attributive stem)
ゆだぬる (attributive stem)
yudanuru (attributive)
委ぬれ (realis stem)
ゆだぬれ (realis stem)
yudanure (realis)
委ねよ (imperative stem)
ゆだねよ (imperative stem)
yudaneyo (imperative)
委ねず (negative)
ゆだねず (negative)
yudanezu (negative)
委ぬれど (contrastive)
ゆだぬれど (contrastive)
yudanuredo (contrastive)
委ぬれば (causative)
ゆだぬれば (causative)
yudanureba (causative)
委ねば (conditional)
ゆだねば (conditional)
yudaneba (conditional)
委ねき (past)
ゆだねき (past)
yudaneki (past)
委ねけり (past)
ゆだねけり (past)
yudanekeri (past)
委ねつ (perfect)
ゆだねつ (perfect)
yudanetu (perfect)
委ねぬ (perfect)
ゆだねぬ (perfect)
yudanenu (perfect)
委ねたり (continuative perfect)
ゆだねたり (continuative perfect)
yudanetari (continuative perfect)
委ねむ (volitional)
ゆだねむ (volitional)
yudanemu (volitional)

(Classical Japanese, archaic) entrust, leave

快楽に身を委ぬ

(Classical Japanese, archaic) abandon oneself to

(Classical Japanese, archaic) devote oneself to


さ寝

さ寝 (canonical)
sanu (romanization)
さ寝 (irrealis stem)
さね (irrealis stem)
sane (irrealis)
さ寝 (continuative stem)
さね (continuative stem)
sane (continuative)
さ寝 (stem terminative)
さぬ (stem terminative)
sanu (terminative)
さ寝る (attributive stem)
さぬる (attributive stem)
sanuru (attributive)
さ寝れ (realis stem)
さぬれ (realis stem)
sanure (realis)
さ寝よ (imperative stem)
さねよ (imperative stem)
saneyo (imperative)
さ寝ず (negative)
さねず (negative)
sanezu (negative)
さ寝れど (contrastive)
さぬれど (contrastive)
sanuredo (contrastive)
さ寝れば (causative)
さぬれば (causative)
sanureba (causative)
さ寝ば (conditional)
さねば (conditional)
saneba (conditional)
さ寝き (past)
さねき (past)
saneki (past)
さ寝けり (past)
さねけり (past)
sanekeri (past)
さ寝つ (perfect)
さねつ (perfect)
sanetu (perfect)
さ寝ぬ (perfect)
さねぬ (perfect)
sanenu (perfect)
さ寝たり (continuative perfect)
さねたり (continuative perfect)
sanetari (continuative perfect)
さ寝む (volitional)
さねむ (volitional)
sanemu (volitional)

From Old Japanese. Compound of さ (sa-, beautification prefix) + 寝(ぬ) (nu, “to sleep”).
Alternatively, according to Frellesvig, this さ (sa-) element may instead be a marker of transitivity or agentivity of the verb, connecting to "inactive" verb 寝(ぬ) (nu, “to sleep”) (contrasting with prefix い (i-), said to connect to "active" verbs, e.g. い行(ゆ)く (i-yuku, “to go”)).

さ寝さ寝

to sleep over and over again (especially that of a man and a woman together)

さ寝処

place for sleeping (especially that of a man and a woman together)

さ寝床

bed for sleeping (especially that of a man and a woman together)

(Classical Japanese, archaic) (of a man and a woman) to sleep together


たし

○○を参照されたし

Classical Japanese, literary, and formal form of たい (-tai)


むれゐる

mureiru (romanization)
むれゐ (irrealis stem)
murewi (irrealis stem)
むれゐ (continuative stem)
murewi (continuative stem)
むれゐる (stem terminative)
murewiru (stem terminative)
むれゐる (attributive stem)
murewiru (attributive stem)
むれゐれ (realis stem)
murewire (realis stem)
むれゐよ (imperative stem)
murewiyo (imperative stem)
むれゐず (negative)
murewizu (negative)
むれゐれど (contrastive)
murewiredo (contrastive)
むれゐれば (causative)
murewireba (causative)
むれゐば (conditional)
murewiba (conditional)
むれゐき (past)
murewiki (past)
むれゐけり (past)
murewikeri (past)
むれゐつ (perfect)
murewitu (perfect)
むれゐぬ (perfect)
murewinu (perfect)
むれゐたり (continuative perfect)
murewitari (continuative perfect)
むれゐむ (volitional)
murewimu (volitional)

1908, 鳥啼歌
帆船群れゐぬ 靄の中
hobune mureinu moya no uchi
ships gather in the fog

(Classical Japanese) to gather and settle


まぐはひ

magupapi → maguɸaɸi → maguwawi → maguwai. /ma/ is the old form of the word 目 (me, “eye”).

(Classical Japanese) facing one another and being intimate

712: Kojiki
然者吾與汝行廻逢是天之御柱而、爲美斗能麻具波比。此七字以音。

(Classical Japanese) copulation; intercourse


ねむれる

nemureru (romanization)
ねむれる (hiragana historical)

[ne̞mɯ̟ɾe̞ɾɯ̟]

(Classical Japanese or literary) adnominal perfect-continuative of ねむる (nemuru, “to sleep”, verb, quadrigrade); adnominal of ねむれり (nemureri)


わかし

wakashi (romanization)
wakasi (romanization)
わかく (irrealis stem)
わかから (irrealis stem)
wakaku (irrealis stem)
wakakara (irrealis stem)
わかく (continuative stem)
わかかり (continuative stem)
wakaku (continuative stem)
wakakari (continuative stem)
わかし (stem terminative)
wakasi (stem terminative)
わかき (attributive stem)
わかかる (attributive stem)
wakaki (attributive stem)
wakakaru (attributive stem)
わかけれ (realis stem)
wakakere (realis stem)
わかかれ (imperative stem)
wakakare (imperative stem)
わかからず (negative)
wakakarazu (negative)
わかけれど (contrastive)
wakakeredo (contrastive)
わかければ (causative)
wakakereba (causative)
わかくば (conditional)
wakakuba (conditional)
わかかりき (past)
wakakariki (past)
わかかりけり (past)
wakakarikeri (past)
わかく (adverbial)
wakaku (adverbial)

若き日

(modern language, literary) days of youth

Classical Japanese and literary form of わかい (wakai, “young”)


まほろば

In modern usage, a learned borrowing from Old Japanese まほろば.

lbor

Near-synonyms: 楽園 (rakuen), 理想郷 (risōkyō)

(Classical Japanese; or archaic, poetic) wonderful place


ことたる

ja-verb

ことたる • (kototaru) ^(←ことたる (kototaru)?)^†yodan

事足れりとする

(modern language, literary) to treat as sufficient

ことたりる ことたりる#Japanese

(Classical Japanese or literary) alternative form of ことたりる


はつる

hatsuru (romanization)
faturu (romanization)
はつる (hiragana historical)

[ha̠t͡sɨɾɯ̟]


増ゆ

増ゆ (canonical)
fuyu (romanization)
増え (irrealis stem)
ふえ (irrealis stem)
fue (irrealis)
増え (continuative stem)
ふえ (continuative stem)
fue (continuative)
増ゆ (stem terminative)
ふゆ (stem terminative)
fuyu (terminative)
増ゆる (attributive stem)
ふゆる (attributive stem)
fuyuru (attributive)
増ゆれ (realis stem)
ふゆれ (realis stem)
fuyure (realis)
増えよ (imperative stem)
ふえよ (imperative stem)
fueyo (imperative)
増えず (negative)
ふえず (negative)
fuezu (negative)
増ゆれど (contrastive)
ふゆれど (contrastive)
fuyuredo (contrastive)
増ゆれば (causative)
ふゆれば (causative)
fuyureba (causative)
増えば (conditional)
ふえば (conditional)
fueba (conditional)
増えき (past)
ふえき (past)
fueki (past)
増えけり (past)
ふえけり (past)
fuekeri (past)
増えつ (perfect)
ふえつ (perfect)
fuetu (perfect)
増えぬ (perfect)
ふえぬ (perfect)
fuenu (perfect)
増えたり (continuative perfect)
ふえたり (continuative perfect)
fuetari (continuative perfect)
増えむ (volitional)
ふえむ (volitional)
fuemu (volitional)

Classical Japanese form of 増える (fueru, “to increase (in numbers, quantity, or volume)”)


集む

集む (canonical)
atsumu (romanization)
集め (irrealis stem)
あつめ (irrealis stem)
atume (irrealis)
集め (continuative stem)
あつめ (continuative stem)
atume (continuative)
集む (stem terminative)
あつむ (stem terminative)
atumu (terminative)
集むる (attributive stem)
あつむる (attributive stem)
atumuru (attributive)
集むれ (realis stem)
あつむれ (realis stem)
atumure (realis)
集めよ (imperative stem)
あつめよ (imperative stem)
atumeyo (imperative)
集めず (negative)
あつめず (negative)
atumezu (negative)
集むれど (contrastive)
あつむれど (contrastive)
atumuredo (contrastive)
集むれば (causative)
あつむれば (causative)
atumureba (causative)
集めば (conditional)
あつめば (conditional)
atumeba (conditional)
集めき (past)
あつめき (past)
atumeki (past)
集めけり (past)
あつめけり (past)
atumekeri (past)
集めつ (perfect)
あつめつ (perfect)
atumetu (perfect)
集めぬ (perfect)
あつめぬ (perfect)
atumenu (perfect)
集めたり (continuative perfect)
あつめたり (continuative perfect)
atumetari (continuative perfect)
集めむ (volitional)
あつめむ (volitional)
atumemu (volitional)

Classical Japanese form of 集める (atsumeru)


うちかた

uchikata (romanization)
utikata (romanization)
うちかた (hiragana historical)


すべき

(Classical Japanese or formal) adnominal of すべし (su-beshi, “should do”)


なば

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Man'yōshū
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten

Compound of な (na, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of ぬ (nu, particle of perfect tense)) + ば (ba, conditional suffix).
First cited in the Man'yōshū of 759.

compound

之保非奈婆 麻多母和礼許牟 伊射遊賀武 於伎都志保佐為 多可久多知伎奴

→ Shio hinaba mata mo ware komu iza yukamu oki tsu shiosai takaku tachikinu

When the tide hath ebbed, I'll come here again; now 'tis time to go, offshore whitecaps have come arisen high.

(Classical Japanese) used for anticipating and assuming how something goes when the matter is completed

1739, Ishida Baigan (石田梅岩), Tohi Mondō (都鄙問答), book 2:

心だにまことの道にかなひなば祈らずとても神や守らん

kokoro dani makoto no michi ni kanainaba inorazu tote mo kami ya mamoran

If at least thine heart hath agreed with the true path, then the god will protect thee even if thou prayest not.

(Classical Japanese) used to state the speaker's expectation if something were the case certainly


狭し

狭(さ) (sa, “narrow, small”) + し (-shi, suffix to make adjectives with -ku inflection, whence い (-i) in Modern Japanese).


狭し

狭(せ) (se, “narrowness”) + し (-shi, suffix to make adjectives with -ku inflection, whence い (-i) in Modern Japanese).


狭し

狭(せば) (seba, “narrow”) + し (-shi, suffix to make adjectives with -shiku inflection, whence しい (-shii) in Modern Japanese).


狭し

(Classical Japanese) archaic form of 狭い (semai)


にや

Combination of particles に (ni, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of affirmative statement marker なり (nari) as used in classical Japanese) + や (ya, expressing doubt or uncertainty).

(Classical Japanese, archaic) expresses doubt about a preceding affirmative statement, or introduces a contrary point


借る

借る (canonical)
karu (romanization)
借ら (irrealis stem)
から (irrealis stem)
kara (irrealis)
借り (continuative stem)
かり (continuative stem)
kari (continuative)
借る (stem terminative)
かる (stem terminative)
karu (terminative)
借る (attributive stem)
かる (attributive stem)
karu (attributive)
借れ (realis stem)
かれ (realis stem)
kare (realis)
借れ (imperative stem)
かれ (imperative stem)
kare (imperative)
借らず (negative)
からず (negative)
karazu (negative)
借れど (contrastive)
かれど (contrastive)
karedo (contrastive)
借れば (causative)
かれば (causative)
kareba (causative)
借らば (conditional)
からば (conditional)
karaba (conditional)
借りき (past)
かりき (past)
kariki (past)
借りけり (past)
かりけり (past)
karikeri (past)
借りつ (perfect)
かりつ (perfect)
karitu (perfect)
借りぬ (perfect)
かりぬ (perfect)
karinu (perfect)
借れり (continuative perfect)
借りたり (continuative perfect)
かれり (continuative perfect)
かりたり (continuative perfect)
kareri (continuative perfect)
karitari (continuative perfect)
借らむ (volitional)
からむ (volitional)
karamu (volitional)

(Classical Japanese, now Kansai dialect) to borrow; to rent


ながるる

[na̠ɡa̠ɾɯ̟ɾɯ̟]

1994, “春よ、来い”, 松任谷由実 (lyrics), 松任谷由実 (music), performed by 松任谷由実:

流るる雨のごとく 流るる花のごとく

nagaruru ame no gotoku nagaruru hana no gotoku

like the flowing rain; like the flowing flowers

(Classical Japanese or literary) adnominal of ながる (nagaru, “to flow”)


ながる

nagaru (romanization)
ながれ (irrealis stem)
nagare (irrealis stem)
ながれ (continuative stem)
nagare (continuative stem)
ながる (stem terminative)
nagaru (stem terminative)
ながるる (attributive stem)
nagaruru (attributive stem)
ながるれ (realis stem)
nagarure (realis stem)
ながれよ (imperative stem)
nagareyo (imperative stem)
ながれず (negative)
nagarezu (negative)
ながるれど (contrastive)
nagaruredo (contrastive)
ながるれば (causative)
nagarureba (causative)
ながれば (conditional)
nagareba (conditional)
ながれき (past)
nagareki (past)
ながれけり (past)
nagarekeri (past)
ながれつ (perfect)
nagaretu (perfect)
ながれぬ (perfect)
nagarenu (perfect)
ながれたり (continuative perfect)
nagaretari (continuative perfect)
ながれむ (volitional)
nagaremu (volitional)

1968, “イムジン河 [Imujin-gawa, Imjin River]”, 松山猛 [Matsuyama Takeshi] (lyrics), performed by ザ・フォーク・クルセダーズ [The Folk Crusaders]:

The Imjin River, with its clear waters,
flows churningly

イムジン河 水清く
とうとうと流る

Classical Japanese and literary form of ながれる (nagareru, “to flow”)


杳乎

ja-adj

杳(よう)乎(こ) • (yōko) ^†-tari (adnominal 杳(よう)乎(こ)とした (yōko to shita) or 杳(よう)乎(こ)たる (yōko taru), adverbial 杳(よう)乎(こ)と (yōko to) or 杳(よう)乎(こ)として (yōko to shite))

杳乎 (canonical)
yōko (romanization)
杳乎とした (adnominal)
杳乎たる (adnominal)
杳乎と (adverbial)
杳乎として (adverbial)

From 杳(よう) (yō, “deep, dark, distant”) + 乎(こ) (ko, “state, appearance”).


よみて

yomite (romanization)
よみて (hiragana historical)

(Classical Japanese) conjunctive of よむ (yomu, yodan verb)


あらわる

ja-verb

あらわる • (arawaru) ^(←あらはる (arafaru)?)^†nidan

arawaru (romanization)
arafaru (romanization)

[a̠ɾa̠β̞a̠ɾɯ̟]

挑戦者現る

(modern language, literary) a challenger appears

あらわれる あらわれる#Japanese

Classical Japanese and literary form of あらわれる (arawareru)


したし

ja-adj

したし • (shitashi) ^(←したし (sitasi)?)^†-shiku

shitashi (romanization)
sitasi (romanization)
したしく (irrealis stem)
したしから (irrealis stem)
sitasiku (irrealis stem)
sitasikara (irrealis stem)
したしく (continuative stem)
したしかり (continuative stem)
sitasiku (continuative stem)
sitasikari (continuative stem)
したし (stem terminative)
sitasi (stem terminative)
したしき (attributive stem)
したしかる (attributive stem)
sitasiki (attributive stem)
sitasikaru (attributive stem)
したしけれ (realis stem)
sitasikere (realis stem)
したしかれ (imperative stem)
sitasikare (imperative stem)
したしからず (negative)
sitasikarazu (negative)
したしけれど (contrastive)
sitasikeredo (contrastive)
したしければ (causative)
sitasikereba (causative)
したしくば (conditional)
sitasikuba (conditional)
したしかりき (past)
sitasikariki (past)
したしかりけり (past)
sitasikarikeri (past)
したしく (adverbial)
sitasiku (adverbial)

2023 https://www.sankei.com/article/20230118-LWOYGTALERJCHPTPHBWSHWI42U/
皇室に君と歩みし半生を見守りくれし親しき友ら
kōshitsu ni kimi to ayumishi hansei o mimamorikureshi shitashiki tomo-ra

Classical Japanese and literary form of したしい (shitashii)


きわまれり

ja-verb form

きわまれり • (kiwamareri) ^(←きはまれり (kifamareri)?)

kiwamareri (romanization)
kifamareri (romanization)
きはまれり (hiragana historical)

[kʲiβ̞a̠ma̠ɾe̞ɾʲi]

きはまれり きはまれり#Japanese

modernized spelling of きはまれり (kiwamareri): (Classical Japanese) past of きはまる (kiwamaru)


のす

nosu (romanization)
のせ (irrealis stem)
nose (irrealis stem)
のせ (continuative stem)
nose (continuative stem)
のす (stem terminative)
nosu (stem terminative)
のする (attributive stem)
nosuru (attributive stem)
のすれ (realis stem)
nosure (realis stem)
のせよ (imperative stem)
noseyo (imperative stem)
のせず (negative)
nosezu (negative)
のすれど (contrastive)
nosuredo (contrastive)
のすれば (causative)
nosureba (causative)
のせば (conditional)
noseba (conditional)
のせき (past)
noseki (past)
のせけり (past)
nosekeri (past)
のせつ (perfect)
nosetu (perfect)
のせぬ (perfect)
nosenu (perfect)
のせたり (continuative perfect)
nosetari (continuative perfect)
のせむ (volitional)
nosemu (volitional)


おさふ

osafu (romanization)
おさへ (irrealis stem)
osafe (irrealis stem)
おさへ (continuative stem)
osafe (continuative stem)
おさふ (stem terminative)
osafu (stem terminative)
おさふる (attributive stem)
osafuru (attributive stem)
おさふれ (realis stem)
osafure (realis stem)
おさへよ (imperative stem)
osafeyo (imperative stem)
おさへず (negative)
osafezu (negative)
おさふれど (contrastive)
osafuredo (contrastive)
おさふれば (causative)
osafureba (causative)
おさへば (conditional)
osafeba (conditional)
おさへき (past)
osafeki (past)
おさへけり (past)
osafekeri (past)
おさへつ (perfect)
osafetu (perfect)
おさへぬ (perfect)
osafenu (perfect)
おさへたり (continuative perfect)
osafetari (continuative perfect)
おさへむ (volitional)
osafemu (volitional)

Classical Japanese form of 抑える (osaeru, “to hold back; to suppress; to contain”)


せむ

semu (romanization)
せめ (irrealis stem)
seme (irrealis stem)
せめ (continuative stem)
seme (continuative stem)
せむ (stem terminative)
semu (stem terminative)
せむる (attributive stem)
semuru (attributive stem)
せむれ (realis stem)
semure (realis stem)
せめよ (imperative stem)
semeyo (imperative stem)
せめず (negative)
semezu (negative)
せむれど (contrastive)
semuredo (contrastive)
せむれば (causative)
semureba (causative)
せめば (conditional)
semeba (conditional)
せめき (past)
semeki (past)
せめけり (past)
semekeri (past)
せめつ (perfect)
semetu (perfect)
せめぬ (perfect)
semenu (perfect)
せめたり (continuative perfect)
semetari (continuative perfect)
せめむ (volitional)
sememu (volitional)


肥ゆ

肥ゆ (canonical)
koyu (romanization)
肥え (irrealis stem)
こえ (irrealis stem)
koe (irrealis)
肥え (continuative stem)
こえ (continuative stem)
koe (continuative)
肥ゆ (stem terminative)
こゆ (stem terminative)
koyu (terminative)
肥ゆる (attributive stem)
こゆる (attributive stem)
koyuru (attributive)
肥ゆれ (realis stem)
こゆれ (realis stem)
koyure (realis)
肥えよ (imperative stem)
こえよ (imperative stem)
koeyo (imperative)
肥えず (negative)
こえず (negative)
koezu (negative)
肥ゆれど (contrastive)
こゆれど (contrastive)
koyuredo (contrastive)
肥ゆれば (causative)
こゆれば (causative)
koyureba (causative)
肥えば (conditional)
こえば (conditional)
koeba (conditional)
肥えき (past)
こえき (past)
koeki (past)
肥えけり (past)
こえけり (past)
koekeri (past)
肥えつ (perfect)
こえつ (perfect)
koetu (perfect)
肥えぬ (perfect)
こえぬ (perfect)
koenu (perfect)
肥えたり (continuative perfect)
こえたり (continuative perfect)
koetari (continuative perfect)
肥えむ (volitional)
こえむ (volitional)
koemu (volitional)


躊躇ふ

躊躇ふ (canonical)
tamerafu (romanization)
躊躇は (irrealis stem)
ためらは (irrealis stem)
tamerafa (irrealis)
躊躇ひ (continuative stem)
ためらひ (continuative stem)
tamerafi (continuative)
躊躇ふ (stem terminative)
ためらふ (stem terminative)
tamerafu (terminative)
躊躇ふ (attributive stem)
ためらふ (attributive stem)
tamerafu (attributive)
躊躇へ (realis stem)
ためらへ (realis stem)
tamerafe (realis)
躊躇へ (imperative stem)
ためらへ (imperative stem)
tamerafe (imperative)
躊躇はず (negative)
ためらはず (negative)
tamerafazu (negative)
躊躇へど (contrastive)
ためらへど (contrastive)
tamerafedo (contrastive)
躊躇へば (causative)
ためらへば (causative)
tamerafeba (causative)
躊躇はば (conditional)
ためらはば (conditional)
tamerafaba (conditional)
躊躇ひき (past)
ためらひき (past)
tamerafiki (past)
躊躇ひけり (past)
ためらひけり (past)
tamerafikeri (past)
躊躇ひつ (perfect)
ためらひつ (perfect)
tamerafitu (perfect)
躊躇ひぬ (perfect)
ためらひぬ (perfect)
tamerafinu (perfect)
躊躇へり (continuative perfect)
躊躇ひたり (continuative perfect)
ためらへり (continuative perfect)
ためらひたり (continuative perfect)
tameraferi (continuative perfect)
tamerafitari (continuative perfect)
躊躇はむ (volitional)
ためらはむ (volitional)
tamerafamu (volitional)

Classical Japanese form of 躊躇う (tamerau)


据う

据う (canonical)
sū (romanization)
据ゑ (irrealis stem)
すゑ (irrealis stem)
swe (irrealis)
据ゑ (continuative stem)
すゑ (continuative stem)
swe (continuative)
据う (stem terminative)
すう (stem terminative)
suu (terminative)
据うる (attributive stem)
すうる (attributive stem)
suuru (attributive)
据うれ (realis stem)
すうれ (realis stem)
suure (realis)
据ゑよ (imperative stem)
すゑよ (imperative stem)
sweyo (imperative)
据ゑず (negative)
すゑず (negative)
swezu (negative)
据うれど (contrastive)
すうれど (contrastive)
suuredo (contrastive)
据うれば (causative)
すうれば (causative)
suureba (causative)
据ゑば (conditional)
すゑば (conditional)
sweba (conditional)
据ゑき (past)
すゑき (past)
sweki (past)
据ゑけり (past)
すゑけり (past)
swekeri (past)
据ゑつ (perfect)
すゑつ (perfect)
swetu (perfect)
据ゑぬ (perfect)
すゑぬ (perfect)
swenu (perfect)
据ゑたり (continuative perfect)
すゑたり (continuative perfect)
swetari (continuative perfect)
据ゑむ (volitional)
すゑむ (volitional)
swemu (volitional)


恐る

恐る (canonical)
osoru (romanization)
恐ら (irrealis stem)
おそら (irrealis stem)
osora (irrealis)
恐り (continuative stem)
おそり (continuative stem)
osori (continuative)
恐る (stem terminative)
おそる (stem terminative)
osoru (terminative)
恐る (attributive stem)
おそる (attributive stem)
osoru (attributive)
恐れ (realis stem)
おそれ (realis stem)
osore (realis)
恐れ (imperative stem)
おそれ (imperative stem)
osore (imperative)
恐らず (negative)
おそらず (negative)
osorazu (negative)
恐れど (contrastive)
おそれど (contrastive)
osoredo (contrastive)
恐れば (causative)
おそれば (causative)
osoreba (causative)
恐らば (conditional)
おそらば (conditional)
osoraba (conditional)
恐りき (past)
おそりき (past)
osoriki (past)
恐りけり (past)
おそりけり (past)
osorikeri (past)
恐りつ (perfect)
おそりつ (perfect)
osoritu (perfect)
恐りぬ (perfect)
おそりぬ (perfect)
osorinu (perfect)
恐れり (continuative perfect)
恐りたり (continuative perfect)
おそれり (continuative perfect)
おそりたり (continuative perfect)
osoreri (continuative perfect)
osoritari (continuative perfect)
恐らむ (volitional)
おそらむ (volitional)
osoramu (volitional)
恐り (irrealis stem)
おそり (irrealis stem)
osori (irrealis)
恐り (continuative stem)
おそり (continuative stem)
osori (continuative)
恐る (stem terminative)
おそる (stem terminative)
osoru (terminative)
恐るる (attributive stem)
おそるる (attributive stem)
osoruru (attributive)
恐るれ (realis stem)
おそるれ (realis stem)
osorure (realis)
恐りよ (imperative stem)
おそりよ (imperative stem)
osoriyo (imperative)
恐りず (negative)
おそりず (negative)
osorizu (negative)
恐るれど (contrastive)
おそるれど (contrastive)
osoruredo (contrastive)
恐るれば (causative)
おそるれば (causative)
osorureba (causative)
恐りば (conditional)
おそりば (conditional)
osoriba (conditional)
恐りき (past)
おそりき (past)
osoriki (past)
恐りけり (past)
おそりけり (past)
osorikeri (past)
恐りつ (perfect)
おそりつ (perfect)
osoritu (perfect)
恐りぬ (perfect)
おそりぬ (perfect)
osorinu (perfect)
恐りたり (continuative perfect)
おそりたり (continuative perfect)
osoritari (continuative perfect)
恐りむ (volitional)
おそりむ (volitional)
osorimu (volitional)
恐れ (irrealis stem)
おそれ (irrealis stem)
osore (irrealis)
恐れ (continuative stem)
おそれ (continuative stem)
osore (continuative)
恐る (stem terminative)
おそる (stem terminative)
osoru (terminative)
恐るる (attributive stem)
おそるる (attributive stem)
osoruru (attributive)
恐るれ (realis stem)
おそるれ (realis stem)
osorure (realis)
恐れよ (imperative stem)
おそれよ (imperative stem)
osoreyo (imperative)
恐れず (negative)
おそれず (negative)
osorezu (negative)
恐るれど (contrastive)
おそるれど (contrastive)
osoruredo (contrastive)
恐るれば (causative)
おそるれば (causative)
osorureba (causative)
恐れば (conditional)
おそれば (conditional)
osoreba (conditional)
恐れき (past)
おそれき (past)
osoreki (past)
恐れけり (past)
おそれけり (past)
osorekeri (past)
恐れつ (perfect)
おそれつ (perfect)
osoretu (perfect)
恐れぬ (perfect)
おそれぬ (perfect)
osorenu (perfect)
恐れたり (continuative perfect)
おそれたり (continuative perfect)
osoretari (continuative perfect)
恐れむ (volitional)
おそれむ (volitional)
osoremu (volitional)

Classical Japanese form of おそれる (osoreru, “to fear”)


ひしゃぐ

ja-verb

ひしゃぐ • (hishagu) ^(←ひしやぐ (fisyagu)?)intransitive ^†nidan

hishagu (romanization)
fisyagu (romanization)
ひしゃげ (irrealis stem)
ひしやぐげ (irrealis stem)
fisyaguge (irrealis)
ひしゃげ (continuative stem)
ひしやぐげ (continuative stem)
fisyaguge (continuative)
ひしゃぐ (stem terminative)
ひしやぐぐ (stem terminative)
fisyagugu (terminative)
ひしゃぐる (attributive stem)
ひしやぐぐる (attributive stem)
fisyaguguru (attributive)
ひしゃぐれ (realis stem)
ひしやぐぐれ (realis stem)
fisyagugure (realis)
ひしゃげよ (imperative stem)
ひしやぐげよ (imperative stem)
fisyagugeyo (imperative)
ひしゃげず (negative)
ひしやぐげず (negative)
fisyagugezu (negative)
ひしゃぐれど (contrastive)
ひしやぐぐれど (contrastive)
fisyaguguredo (contrastive)
ひしゃぐれば (causative)
ひしやぐぐれば (causative)
fisyagugureba (causative)
ひしゃげば (conditional)
ひしやぐげば (conditional)
fisyagugeba (conditional)
ひしゃげき (past)
ひしやぐげき (past)
fisyagugeki (past)
ひしゃげけり (past)
ひしやぐげけり (past)
fisyagugekeri (past)
ひしゃげつ (perfect)
ひしやぐげつ (perfect)
fisyagugetu (perfect)
ひしゃげぬ (perfect)
ひしやぐげぬ (perfect)
fisyagugenu (perfect)
ひしゃげたり (continuative perfect)
ひしやぐげたり (continuative perfect)
fisyagugetari (continuative perfect)
ひしゃげむ (volitional)
ひしやぐげむ (volitional)
fisyagugemu (volitional)

ひしゃげる ひしゃげる#Japanese

(archaic) Classical Japanese form of ひしゃげる (hishageru)


授く

授く (canonical)
sazuku (romanization)
授け (irrealis stem)
さづけ (irrealis stem)
saduke (irrealis)
授け (continuative stem)
さづけ (continuative stem)
saduke (continuative)
授く (stem terminative)
さづく (stem terminative)
saduku (terminative)
授くる (attributive stem)
さづくる (attributive stem)
sadukuru (attributive)
授くれ (realis stem)
さづくれ (realis stem)
sadukure (realis)
授けよ (imperative stem)
さづけよ (imperative stem)
sadukeyo (imperative)
授けず (negative)
さづけず (negative)
sadukezu (negative)
授くれど (contrastive)
さづくれど (contrastive)
sadukuredo (contrastive)
授くれば (causative)
さづくれば (causative)
sadukureba (causative)
授けば (conditional)
さづけば (conditional)
sadukeba (conditional)
授けき (past)
さづけき (past)
sadukeki (past)
授けけり (past)
さづけけり (past)
sadukekeri (past)
授けつ (perfect)
さづけつ (perfect)
saduketu (perfect)
授けぬ (perfect)
さづけぬ (perfect)
sadukenu (perfect)
授けたり (continuative perfect)
さづけたり (continuative perfect)
saduketari (continuative perfect)
授けむ (volitional)
さづけむ (volitional)
sadukemu (volitional)

Classical Japanese form of 授ける (sazukeru, “to bestow; to teach”)


尋ぬ

尋ぬ (canonical)
tazunu (romanization)
尋ね (irrealis stem)
たづね (irrealis stem)
tadune (irrealis)
尋ね (continuative stem)
たづね (continuative stem)
tadune (continuative)
尋ぬ (stem terminative)
たづぬ (stem terminative)
tadunu (terminative)
尋ぬる (attributive stem)
たづぬる (attributive stem)
tadunuru (attributive)
尋ぬれ (realis stem)
たづぬれ (realis stem)
tadunure (realis)
尋ねよ (imperative stem)
たづねよ (imperative stem)
taduneyo (imperative)
尋ねず (negative)
たづねず (negative)
tadunezu (negative)
尋ぬれど (contrastive)
たづぬれど (contrastive)
tadunuredo (contrastive)
尋ぬれば (causative)
たづぬれば (causative)
tadunureba (causative)
尋ねば (conditional)
たづねば (conditional)
taduneba (conditional)
尋ねき (past)
たづねき (past)
taduneki (past)
尋ねけり (past)
たづねけり (past)
tadunekeri (past)
尋ねつ (perfect)
たづねつ (perfect)
tadunetu (perfect)
尋ねぬ (perfect)
たづねぬ (perfect)
tadunenu (perfect)
尋ねたり (continuative perfect)
たづねたり (continuative perfect)
tadunetari (continuative perfect)
尋ねむ (volitional)
たづねむ (volitional)
tadunemu (volitional)

Classical Japanese form of 尋ねる (tazuneru)


訪ぬ

訪ぬ (canonical)
tazunu (romanization)
訪ね (irrealis stem)
たづね (irrealis stem)
tadune (irrealis)
訪ね (continuative stem)
たづね (continuative stem)
tadune (continuative)
訪ぬ (stem terminative)
たづぬ (stem terminative)
tadunu (terminative)
訪ぬる (attributive stem)
たづぬる (attributive stem)
tadunuru (attributive)
訪ぬれ (realis stem)
たづぬれ (realis stem)
tadunure (realis)
訪ねよ (imperative stem)
たづねよ (imperative stem)
taduneyo (imperative)
訪ねず (negative)
たづねず (negative)
tadunezu (negative)
訪ぬれど (contrastive)
たづぬれど (contrastive)
tadunuredo (contrastive)
訪ぬれば (causative)
たづぬれば (causative)
tadunureba (causative)
訪ねば (conditional)
たづねば (conditional)
taduneba (conditional)
訪ねき (past)
たづねき (past)
taduneki (past)
訪ねけり (past)
たづねけり (past)
tadunekeri (past)
訪ねつ (perfect)
たづねつ (perfect)
tadunetu (perfect)
訪ねぬ (perfect)
たづねぬ (perfect)
tadunenu (perfect)
訪ねたり (continuative perfect)
たづねたり (continuative perfect)
tadunetari (continuative perfect)
訪ねむ (volitional)
たづねむ (volitional)
tadunemu (volitional)

Classical Japanese form of 訪ねる (tazuneru)


加ふ

加ふ (canonical)
kuhafu (romanization)
加へ (irrealis stem)
くはへ (irrealis stem)
kufafe (irrealis)
加へ (continuative stem)
くはへ (continuative stem)
kufafe (continuative)
加ふ (stem terminative)
くはふ (stem terminative)
kufafu (terminative)
加ふる (attributive stem)
くはふる (attributive stem)
kufafuru (attributive)
加ふれ (realis stem)
くはふれ (realis stem)
kufafure (realis)
加へよ (imperative stem)
くはへよ (imperative stem)
kufafeyo (imperative)
加へず (negative)
くはへず (negative)
kufafezu (negative)
加ふれど (contrastive)
くはふれど (contrastive)
kufafuredo (contrastive)
加ふれば (causative)
くはふれば (causative)
kufafureba (causative)
加へば (conditional)
くはへば (conditional)
kufafeba (conditional)
加へき (past)
くはへき (past)
kufafeki (past)
加へけり (past)
くはへけり (past)
kufafekeri (past)
加へつ (perfect)
くはへつ (perfect)
kufafetu (perfect)
加へぬ (perfect)
くはへぬ (perfect)
kufafenu (perfect)
加へたり (continuative perfect)
くはへたり (continuative perfect)
kufafetari (continuative perfect)
加へむ (volitional)
くはへむ (volitional)
kufafemu (volitional)

Classical Japanese form of 加える (kuwaeru)


離る

離る (canonical)
hanaru (romanization)
離れ (irrealis stem)
はなれ (irrealis stem)
fanare (irrealis)
離れ (continuative stem)
はなれ (continuative stem)
fanare (continuative)
離る (stem terminative)
はなる (stem terminative)
fanaru (terminative)
離るる (attributive stem)
はなるる (attributive stem)
fanaruru (attributive)
離るれ (realis stem)
はなるれ (realis stem)
fanarure (realis)
離れよ (imperative stem)
はなれよ (imperative stem)
fanareyo (imperative)
離れず (negative)
はなれず (negative)
fanarezu (negative)
離るれど (contrastive)
はなるれど (contrastive)
fanaruredo (contrastive)
離るれば (causative)
はなるれば (causative)
fanarureba (causative)
離れば (conditional)
はなれば (conditional)
fanareba (conditional)
離れき (past)
はなれき (past)
fanareki (past)
離れけり (past)
はなれけり (past)
fanarekeri (past)
離れつ (perfect)
はなれつ (perfect)
fanaretu (perfect)
離れぬ (perfect)
はなれぬ (perfect)
fanarenu (perfect)
離れたり (continuative perfect)
はなれたり (continuative perfect)
fanaretari (continuative perfect)
離れむ (volitional)
はなれむ (volitional)
fanaremu (volitional)

Classical Japanese form of 離れる (hanareru)


神さぶ

神(かむ)さぶ or 神(かん)さぶ • (kamusabu or kansabu) intransitive ^†nidan

神さぶ (canonical)
神さぶ (canonical)
kamusabu (romanization)
kansabu (romanization)
神さび (irrealis stem)
かむさび (irrealis stem)
kamusabi (irrealis)
神さび (continuative stem)
かむさび (continuative stem)
kamusabi (continuative)
神さぶ (stem terminative)
かむさぶ (stem terminative)
kamusabu (terminative)
神さぶる (attributive stem)
かむさぶる (attributive stem)
kamusaburu (attributive)
神さぶれ (realis stem)
かむさぶれ (realis stem)
kamusabure (realis)
神さびよ (imperative stem)
かむさびよ (imperative stem)
kamusabiyo (imperative)
神さびず (negative)
かむさびず (negative)
kamusabizu (negative)
神さぶれど (contrastive)
かむさぶれど (contrastive)
kamusaburedo (contrastive)
神さぶれば (causative)
かむさぶれば (causative)
kamusabureba (causative)
神さびば (conditional)
かむさびば (conditional)
kamusabiba (conditional)
神さびき (past)
かむさびき (past)
kamusabiki (past)
神さびけり (past)
かむさびけり (past)
kamusabikeri (past)
神さびつ (perfect)
かむさびつ (perfect)
kamusabitu (perfect)
神さびぬ (perfect)
かむさびぬ (perfect)
kamusabinu (perfect)
神さびたり (continuative perfect)
かむさびたり (continuative perfect)
kamusabitari (continuative perfect)
神さびむ (volitional)
かむさびむ (volitional)
kamusabimu (volitional)

[kã̠ɰ̃sa̠bɯ̟]

By surface analysis, 神(かむ) (kamu, “god”, bound form of 神(かみ) (kami)) + さぶ (-sabu, suffix forming upper-bigrade–conjugating verbs).
Kansabu is an alteration of kamusabu.

surf

to appear old, hermitic; to give off an air of old age


おおとのごもる

ja-verb

おおとのごもる • (ōtonogomoru) ^(←おほどのごもる (ofodonogomoru)?)^†yodan

ōtonogomoru (romanization)
ofodonogomoru (romanization)

[o̞ːto̞no̞ɡo̞mo̞ɾɯ̟]

From 大殿(おおとの) (ōtono) + 籠(こ)もる (komoru).

(Classical Japanese, honorific) to sleep


冷ゆ

冷ゆ (canonical)
hiyu (romanization)
冷え (irrealis stem)
ひえ (irrealis stem)
fie (irrealis)
冷え (continuative stem)
ひえ (continuative stem)
fie (continuative)
冷ゆ (stem terminative)
ひゆ (stem terminative)
fiyu (terminative)
冷ゆる (attributive stem)
ひゆる (attributive stem)
fiyuru (attributive)
冷ゆれ (realis stem)
ひゆれ (realis stem)
fiyure (realis)
冷えよ (imperative stem)
ひえよ (imperative stem)
fieyo (imperative)
冷えず (negative)
ひえず (negative)
fiezu (negative)
冷ゆれど (contrastive)
ひゆれど (contrastive)
fiyuredo (contrastive)
冷ゆれば (causative)
ひゆれば (causative)
fiyureba (causative)
冷えば (conditional)
ひえば (conditional)
fieba (conditional)
冷えき (past)
ひえき (past)
fieki (past)
冷えけり (past)
ひえけり (past)
fiekeri (past)
冷えつ (perfect)
ひえつ (perfect)
fietu (perfect)
冷えぬ (perfect)
ひえぬ (perfect)
fienu (perfect)
冷えたり (continuative perfect)
ひえたり (continuative perfect)
fietari (continuative perfect)
冷えむ (volitional)
ひえむ (volitional)
fiemu (volitional)


ふくさ

fukusa (romanization)
ふくさなら (irrealis stem)
fukusanara (irrealis stem)
ふくさに (continuative stem)
ふくさなり (continuative stem)
fukusani (continuative stem)
fukusanari (continuative stem)
ふくさなり (stem terminative)
fukusanari (stem terminative)
ふくさなる (attributive stem)
fukusanaru (attributive stem)
ふくさなれ (realis stem)
fukusanare (realis stem)
ふくさなれ (imperative stem)
fukusanare (imperative stem)
ふくさならず (negative)
fukusanarazu (negative)
ふくさなれど (contrastive)
fukusanaredo (contrastive)
ふくさなれば (causative)
fukusanareba (causative)
ふくさならば (conditional)
fukusanaraba (conditional)
ふくさなりき (past)
fukusanariki (past)
ふくさなりけり (past)
fukusanarikeri (past)
ふくさに (adverbial)
fukusani (adverbial)

(Classical Japanese) (of persons) warm, relaxed, generous


宏才

ja-adj

宏(こう)才(さい) or 宏才(こうざい) • (kōsai or kōzai) ^†-nari

宏才 (canonical)
宏才 (canonical)
kōsai (romanization)
kōzai (romanization)
宏才なら (irrealis stem)
こうさいなら (irrealis stem)
kousainara (irrealis)
宏才に (continuative stem)
宏才なり (continuative stem)
こうさいに (continuative stem)
こうさいなり (continuative stem)
kousaini (continuative)
kousainari (continuative)
宏才なり (stem terminative)
こうさいなり (stem terminative)
kousainari (terminative)
宏才なる (attributive stem)
こうさいなる (attributive stem)
kousainaru (attributive)
宏才なれ (realis stem)
こうさいなれ (realis stem)
kousainare (realis)
宏才なれ (imperative stem)
こうさいなれ (imperative stem)
kousainare (imperative)
宏才ならず (negative)
こうさいならず (negative)
kousainarazu (negative)
宏才なれど (contrastive)
こうさいなれど (contrastive)
kousainaredo (contrastive)
宏才なれば (causative)
こうさいなれば (causative)
kousainareba (causative)
宏才ならば (conditional)
こうさいならば (conditional)
kousainaraba (conditional)
宏才なりき (past)
こうさいなりき (past)
kousainariki (past)
宏才なりけり (past)
こうさいなりけり (past)
kousainarikeri (past)
宏才に (adverbial)
こうさいに (adverbial)
kousaini (adverbial)

(Classical Japanese) widely knowledgeable


宏才

ja-noun

宏(こう)才(さい) or 宏才(こうざい) • (kōsai or kōzai)

宏才 (canonical)
宏才 (canonical)
kōsai (romanization)
kōzai (romanization)

(Classical Japanese) possession of a broad intellect


おもき

omoki (romanization)
おもき (hiragana historical)

The noun is derived from the adjective form.

(Classical Japanese) prenominal of おもし (omoshi, “heavy”)


すれ

(Classical Japanese) realis of す (su, “to do”)


多し

多し (canonical)
ōshi (romanization)
ofosi (romanization)
多く (irrealis stem)
多から (irrealis stem)
おほく (irrealis stem)
おほから (irrealis stem)
ofoku (irrealis)
ofokara (irrealis)
多く (continuative stem)
多かり (continuative stem)
おほく (continuative stem)
おほかり (continuative stem)
ofoku (continuative)
ofokari (continuative)
多し (stem terminative)
おほし (stem terminative)
ofosi (terminative)
多き (attributive stem)
多かる (attributive stem)
おほき (attributive stem)
おほかる (attributive stem)
ofoki (attributive)
ofokaru (attributive)
多けれ (realis stem)
おほけれ (realis stem)
ofokere (realis)
多かれ (imperative stem)
おほかれ (imperative stem)
ofokare (imperative)
多からず (negative)
おほからず (negative)
ofokarazu (negative)
多けれど (contrastive)
おほけれど (contrastive)
ofokeredo (contrastive)
多ければ (causative)
おほければ (causative)
ofokereba (causative)
多くば (conditional)
おほくば (conditional)
ofokuba (conditional)
多かりき (past)
おほかりき (past)
ofokariki (past)
多かりけり (past)
おほかりけり (past)
ofokarikeri (past)
多く (adverbial)
おほく (adverbial)
ofoku (adverbial)


からぶみ

karabumi (romanization)
からぶみ (hiragana historical)

From 漢(から) (kara, “China; Korea”) + 文(ふみ) (fumi, “document”). The fumi changes to bumi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

(Classical Japanese) Classical Chinese literature of Chinese origin


馳す

馳す (canonical)
hasu (romanization)
馳せ (irrealis stem)
はせ (irrealis stem)
fase (irrealis)
馳せ (continuative stem)
はせ (continuative stem)
fase (continuative)
馳す (stem terminative)
はす (stem terminative)
fasu (terminative)
馳する (attributive stem)
はする (attributive stem)
fasuru (attributive)
馳すれ (realis stem)
はすれ (realis stem)
fasure (realis)
馳せよ (imperative stem)
はせよ (imperative stem)
faseyo (imperative)
馳せず (negative)
はせず (negative)
fasezu (negative)
馳すれど (contrastive)
はすれど (contrastive)
fasuredo (contrastive)
馳すれば (causative)
はすれば (causative)
fasureba (causative)
馳せば (conditional)
はせば (conditional)
faseba (conditional)
馳せき (past)
はせき (past)
faseki (past)
馳せけり (past)
はせけり (past)
fasekeri (past)
馳せつ (perfect)
はせつ (perfect)
fasetu (perfect)
馳せぬ (perfect)
はせぬ (perfect)
fasenu (perfect)
馳せたり (continuative perfect)
はせたり (continuative perfect)
fasetari (continuative perfect)
馳せむ (volitional)
はせむ (volitional)
fasemu (volitional)


直し

ja-adj

直(なお)し • (naoshi) ^(←なほし (nafosi)?)^†-ku

直し (canonical)
naoshi (romanization)
nafosi (romanization)
直く (irrealis stem)
直から (irrealis stem)
なおく (irrealis stem)
なおから (irrealis stem)
naoku (irrealis)
naokara (irrealis)
直く (continuative stem)
直かり (continuative stem)
なおく (continuative stem)
なおかり (continuative stem)
naoku (continuative)
naokari (continuative)
直し (stem terminative)
なおし (stem terminative)
naosi (terminative)
直き (attributive stem)
直かる (attributive stem)
なおき (attributive stem)
なおかる (attributive stem)
naoki (attributive)
naokaru (attributive)
直けれ (realis stem)
なおけれ (realis stem)
naokere (realis)
直かれ (imperative stem)
なおかれ (imperative stem)
naokare (imperative)
直からず (negative)
なおからず (negative)
naokarazu (negative)
直けれど (contrastive)
なおけれど (contrastive)
naokeredo (contrastive)
直ければ (causative)
なおければ (causative)
naokereba (causative)
直くば (conditional)
なおくば (conditional)
naokuba (conditional)
直かりき (past)
なおかりき (past)
naokariki (past)
直かりけり (past)
なおかりけり (past)
naokarikeri (past)
直く (adverbial)
なおく (adverbial)
naoku (adverbial)

By surface analysis, 直 (nao, “straight”) + し (shi, adjective-forming suffix).


まづし

mazushi (romanization)
まづしく (irrealis stem)
まづしから (irrealis stem)
madusiku (irrealis stem)
madusikara (irrealis stem)
まづしく (continuative stem)
まづしかり (continuative stem)
madusiku (continuative stem)
madusikari (continuative stem)
まづし (stem terminative)
madusi (stem terminative)
まづしき (attributive stem)
まづしかる (attributive stem)
madusiki (attributive stem)
madusikaru (attributive stem)
まづしけれ (realis stem)
madusikere (realis stem)
まづしかれ (imperative stem)
madusikare (imperative stem)
まづしからず (negative)
madusikarazu (negative)
まづしけれど (contrastive)
madusikeredo (contrastive)
まづしければ (causative)
madusikereba (causative)
まづしくば (conditional)
madusikuba (conditional)
まづしかりき (past)
madusikariki (past)
まづしかりけり (past)
madusikarikeri (past)
まづしく (adverbial)
madusiku (adverbial)

Classical Japanese form of まずしい (mazushii)


おそし

ososhi (romanization)
おそく (irrealis stem)
おそから (irrealis stem)
osoku (irrealis stem)
osokara (irrealis stem)
おそく (continuative stem)
おそかり (continuative stem)
osoku (continuative stem)
osokari (continuative stem)
おそし (stem terminative)
ososi (stem terminative)
おそき (attributive stem)
おそかる (attributive stem)
osoki (attributive stem)
osokaru (attributive stem)
おそけれ (realis stem)
osokere (realis stem)
おそかれ (imperative stem)
osokare (imperative stem)
おそからず (negative)
osokarazu (negative)
おそけれど (contrastive)
osokeredo (contrastive)
おそければ (causative)
osokereba (causative)
おそくば (conditional)
osokuba (conditional)
おそかりき (past)
osokariki (past)
おそかりけり (past)
osokarikeri (past)
おそく (adverbial)
osoku (adverbial)

Classical Japanese form of おそい (osoi, “slow”)


べう

(Classical Japanese) u-onbin form of べく (beku)


とおからず

ja-pos

とおからず • (tōkarazu) ^(←とほからず (tofokarazu)?)

tōkarazu (romanization)
tofokarazu (romanization)
とほからず (hiragana historical)

とほからず とほからず#Japanese

modernized spelling of とほからず (tōkarazu): (Classical Japanese) negative of とほし (tōshi, “far”, ku-adjective)


猶…ごとし

ja-adj

猶(なお)…ごとし • (nao…gotoshi) ^(←なほ…ごとし (nafo…gotosi)?)^†-ku

猶…ごとし (canonical)
nao…gotoshi (romanization)
nafo…gotosi (romanization)

The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation

w:ja:日本漢字能力検定協会

(Classical Japanese or literary) be just like


盍ぞ…ざる

盍ぞ…ざる (canonical)
nanzo…zaru (romanization)

なんぞ (nanzo) + ず (-zu). ず (-zu) inflects to the 連(れん)体(たい)形(けい) (rentaikei, “adnominal”) form ざる (-zaru) due to 係(かか)り結(むす)び (kakarimusubi).

(Classical Japanese or literary) why not?

(Classical Japanese or literary) expresses volition


庶幾う

ja-verb

庶幾(こいねが)う • (koinegau) ^(←こひねがふ (kofinegafu)?)^†yodan

庶幾う (canonical)
koinegau (romanization)
kofinegafu (romanization)
庶幾は (irrealis stem)
こいねがは (irrealis stem)
koinegafa (irrealis)
庶幾ひ (continuative stem)
こいねがひ (continuative stem)
koinegafi (continuative)
庶幾ふ (stem terminative)
こいねがふ (stem terminative)
koinegafu (terminative)
庶幾ふ (attributive stem)
こいねがふ (attributive stem)
koinegafu (attributive)
庶幾へ (realis stem)
こいねがへ (realis stem)
koinegafe (realis)
庶幾へ (imperative stem)
こいねがへ (imperative stem)
koinegafe (imperative)
庶幾はず (negative)
こいねがはず (negative)
koinegafazu (negative)
庶幾へど (contrastive)
こいねがへど (contrastive)
koinegafedo (contrastive)
庶幾へば (causative)
こいねがへば (causative)
koinegafeba (causative)
庶幾はば (conditional)
こいねがはば (conditional)
koinegafaba (conditional)
庶幾ひき (past)
こいねがひき (past)
koinegafiki (past)
庶幾ひけり (past)
こいねがひけり (past)
koinegafikeri (past)
庶幾ひつ (perfect)
こいねがひつ (perfect)
koinegafitu (perfect)
庶幾ひぬ (perfect)
こいねがひぬ (perfect)
koinegafinu (perfect)
庶幾へり (continuative perfect)
庶幾ひたり (continuative perfect)
こいねがへり (continuative perfect)
こいねがひたり (continuative perfect)
koinegaferi (continuative perfect)
koinegafitari (continuative perfect)
庶幾はむ (volitional)
こいねがはむ (volitional)
koinegafamu (volitional)

(Classical Japanese) to wish; to beg; to hope


まさに…す

masa ni…su (romanization)
まさに…せ (irrealis stem)
masa ni…se (irrealis)
まさに…し (continuative stem)
masa ni…si (continuative)
まさに…す (stem terminative)
masa ni…su (terminative)
まさに…する (attributive stem)
masa ni…suru (attributive)
まさに…すれ (realis stem)
masa ni…sure (realis)
まさに…せよ (imperative stem)
masa ni…seyo (imperative)
まさに…せず (negative)
masa ni…sezu (negative)
まさに…すれど (contrastive)
masa ni…suredo (contrastive)
まさに…すれば (causative)
masa ni…sureba (causative)
まさに…せば (conditional)
masa ni…seba (conditional)
まさに…しき (past)
masa ni…siki (past)
まさに…しけり (past)
masa ni…sikeri (past)
まさに…しつ (perfect)
masa ni…situ (perfect)
まさに…しぬ (perfect)
masa ni…sinu (perfect)
まさに…せり (continuative perfect)
まさに…したり (continuative perfect)
masa ni…seri (continuative perfect)
masa ni…sitari (continuative perfect)
まさに…せむ (volitional)
masa ni…semu (volitional)

(Can we date this quote?), chapter 29, in 日(に)本(ほん)書(しょ)紀(き) (Nihon Shoki); translated as William George Aston, Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697, volume 2, London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., 1896, →OCLC, page 329:

六月癸酉朔乙未、大分君惠尺、病將死。

Rokugatsu mizunototori saku kinotohitsuji, Ohokita no Kimi Esaka, yamite masa ni shinan to su.

6th month, 23rd day. Yesaka, Ohokida no Kimi, was ill, and was about to die.

(Classical Japanese) will, be about to do, is about to


固より

(Classical Japanese) in the first place; all along


とぶらう

とぶらう • (toburau) ^(←とぶらふ (toburafu)?)transitive godan (stem とぶらい (toburai), past とぶらった (toburatta))

toburau (romanization)
toburafu (romanization)
とぶらい (stem)
とぶらった (past)
とぶらわ
toburawa
とぶらい
toburai
とぶらう
toburau
とぶらえ
toburae
とぶらわれる (passive)
toburawareru (passive)
とぶらわせる (causative)
とぶらわす (causative)
toburawaseru (causative)
toburawasu (causative)
とぶらえる (potential)
toburaeru (potential)
とぶらおう (volitional)
toburaō (volitional)
とぶらわない (negative)
toburawanai (negative)
とぶらわず (continuative negative)
toburawazu (continuative negative)
とぶらいます (formal)
toburaimasu (formal)
とぶらった (perfective)
toburatta (perfective)
とぶらって (conjunctive)
toburatte (conjunctive)
とぶらえば (conditional hypothetical)
toburaeba (conditional hypothetical)
とぶらは (irrealis stem)
toburafa (irrealis stem)
とぶらひ (continuative stem)
toburafi (continuative stem)
とぶらふ (stem terminative)
toburafu (stem terminative)
とぶらふ (attributive stem)
toburafu (attributive stem)
とぶらへ (realis stem)
toburafe (realis stem)
とぶらへ (imperative stem)
toburafe (imperative stem)
とぶらはず (negative)
toburafazu (negative)
とぶらへど (contrastive)
toburafedo (contrastive)
とぶらへば (causative)
toburafeba (causative)
とぶらはば (conditional)
toburafaba (conditional)
とぶらひき (past)
toburafiki (past)
とぶらひけり (past)
toburafikeri (past)
とぶらひつ (perfect)
toburafitu (perfect)
とぶらひぬ (perfect)
toburafinu (perfect)
とぶらへり (continuative perfect)
とぶらひたり (continuative perfect)
toburaferi (continuative perfect)
toburafitari (continuative perfect)
とぶらはむ (volitional)
toburafamu (volitional)

[to̞bɯ̟ɾa̠ɯ̟]

(Classical Japanese) mourn for, hold a memorial service for


物憂し

物憂し (canonical)
monoushi (romanization)
物憂く (irrealis stem)
物憂から (irrealis stem)
ものうく (irrealis stem)
ものうから (irrealis stem)
monouku (irrealis)
monoukara (irrealis)
物憂く (continuative stem)
物憂かり (continuative stem)
ものうく (continuative stem)
ものうかり (continuative stem)
monouku (continuative)
monoukari (continuative)
物憂し (stem terminative)
ものうし (stem terminative)
monousi (terminative)
物憂き (attributive stem)
物憂かる (attributive stem)
ものうき (attributive stem)
ものうかる (attributive stem)
monouki (attributive)
monoukaru (attributive)
物憂けれ (realis stem)
ものうけれ (realis stem)
monoukere (realis)
物憂かれ (imperative stem)
ものうかれ (imperative stem)
monoukare (imperative)
物憂からず (negative)
ものうからず (negative)
monoukarazu (negative)
物憂けれど (contrastive)
ものうけれど (contrastive)
monoukeredo (contrastive)
物憂ければ (causative)
ものうければ (causative)
monoukereba (causative)
物憂くば (conditional)
ものうくば (conditional)
monoukuba (conditional)
物憂かりき (past)
ものうかりき (past)
monoukariki (past)
物憂かりけり (past)
ものうかりけり (past)
monoukarikeri (past)
物憂く (adverbial)
ものうく (adverbial)
monouku (adverbial)

物 (mono-, a prefix added to adjectives) + 憂し (ushi, “sad, gloomy”).

pre

Classical Japanese form of 物憂い (monoui, “listless, languid, melancholy”)


愛し

愛し (canonical)
ushi (romanization)
愛く (irrealis stem)
愛から (irrealis stem)
うく (irrealis stem)
うから (irrealis stem)
uku (irrealis)
ukara (irrealis)
愛く (continuative stem)
愛かり (continuative stem)
うく (continuative stem)
うかり (continuative stem)
uku (continuative)
ukari (continuative)
愛し (stem terminative)
うし (stem terminative)
usi (terminative)
愛き (attributive stem)
愛かる (attributive stem)
うき (attributive stem)
うかる (attributive stem)
uki (attributive)
ukaru (attributive)
愛けれ (realis stem)
うけれ (realis stem)
ukere (realis)
愛かれ (imperative stem)
うかれ (imperative stem)
ukare (imperative)
愛からず (negative)
うからず (negative)
ukarazu (negative)
愛けれど (contrastive)
うけれど (contrastive)
ukeredo (contrastive)
愛ければ (causative)
うければ (causative)
ukereba (causative)
愛くば (conditional)
うくば (conditional)
ukuba (conditional)
愛かりき (past)
うかりき (past)
ukariki (past)
愛かりけり (past)
うかりけり (past)
ukarikeri (past)
愛く (adverbial)
うく (adverbial)
uku (adverbial)

Ameliorative semantic shift from 憂(う)し (ushi, “sad, gloomy”).

Classical Japanese form of 愛い (ui, “lovable”)


然れども

然れども (canonical)
shikaredomo (romanization)

By surface analysis, 然(しか)れ (shikare, “realis of 然(しか)り (shikari, “to be like”)”) + ども (domo, “even though”).

ja-compound

(Classical Japanese or literary) however


憂ふ

憂ふ (canonical)
urefu (romanization)
憂ひ (irrealis stem)
うれひ (irrealis stem)
urefi (irrealis)
憂ひ (continuative stem)
うれひ (continuative stem)
urefi (continuative)
憂ふ (stem terminative)
うれふ (stem terminative)
urefu (terminative)
憂ふる (attributive stem)
うれふる (attributive stem)
urefuru (attributive)
憂ふれ (realis stem)
うれふれ (realis stem)
urefure (realis)
憂ひよ (imperative stem)
うれひよ (imperative stem)
urefiyo (imperative)
憂ひず (negative)
うれひず (negative)
urefizu (negative)
憂ふれど (contrastive)
うれふれど (contrastive)
urefuredo (contrastive)
憂ふれば (causative)
うれふれば (causative)
urefureba (causative)
憂ひば (conditional)
うれひば (conditional)
urefiba (conditional)
憂ひき (past)
うれひき (past)
urefiki (past)
憂ひけり (past)
うれひけり (past)
urefikeri (past)
憂ひつ (perfect)
うれひつ (perfect)
urefitu (perfect)
憂ひぬ (perfect)
うれひぬ (perfect)
urefinu (perfect)
憂ひたり (continuative perfect)
うれひたり (continuative perfect)
urefitari (continuative perfect)
憂ひむ (volitional)
うれひむ (volitional)
urefimu (volitional)
憂へ (irrealis stem)
うれへ (irrealis stem)
urefe (irrealis)
憂へ (continuative stem)
うれへ (continuative stem)
urefe (continuative)
憂ふ (stem terminative)
うれふ (stem terminative)
urefu (terminative)
憂ふる (attributive stem)
うれふる (attributive stem)
urefuru (attributive)
憂ふれ (realis stem)
うれふれ (realis stem)
urefure (realis)
憂へよ (imperative stem)
うれへよ (imperative stem)
urefeyo (imperative)
憂へず (negative)
うれへず (negative)
urefezu (negative)
憂ふれど (contrastive)
うれふれど (contrastive)
urefuredo (contrastive)
憂ふれば (causative)
うれふれば (causative)
urefureba (causative)
憂へば (conditional)
うれへば (conditional)
urefeba (conditional)
憂へき (past)
うれへき (past)
urefeki (past)
憂へけり (past)
うれへけり (past)
urefekeri (past)
憂へつ (perfect)
うれへつ (perfect)
urefetu (perfect)
憂へぬ (perfect)
うれへぬ (perfect)
urefenu (perfect)
憂へたり (continuative perfect)
うれへたり (continuative perfect)
urefetari (continuative perfect)
憂へむ (volitional)
うれへむ (volitional)
urefemu (volitional)
憂は (irrealis stem)
うれは (irrealis stem)
urefa (irrealis)
憂ひ (continuative stem)
うれひ (continuative stem)
urefi (continuative)
憂ふ (stem terminative)
うれふ (stem terminative)
urefu (terminative)
憂ふ (attributive stem)
うれふ (attributive stem)
urefu (attributive)
憂へ (realis stem)
うれへ (realis stem)
urefe (realis)
憂へ (imperative stem)
うれへ (imperative stem)
urefe (imperative)
憂はず (negative)
うれはず (negative)
urefazu (negative)
憂へど (contrastive)
うれへど (contrastive)
urefedo (contrastive)
憂へば (causative)
うれへば (causative)
urefeba (causative)
憂はば (conditional)
うれはば (conditional)
urefaba (conditional)
憂ひき (past)
うれひき (past)
urefiki (past)
憂ひけり (past)
うれひけり (past)
urefikeri (past)
憂ひつ (perfect)
うれひつ (perfect)
urefitu (perfect)
憂ひぬ (perfect)
うれひぬ (perfect)
urefinu (perfect)
憂へり (continuative perfect)
憂ひたり (continuative perfect)
うれへり (continuative perfect)
うれひたり (continuative perfect)
ureferi (continuative perfect)
urefitari (continuative perfect)
憂はむ (volitional)
うれはむ (volitional)
urefamu (volitional)

Classical Japanese form of うれえる (ureeru, “to be anxious; to mourn”)

Classical Japanese form of うれう (ureu, “to be anxious; to lament”)


素晴らし

素晴らし (canonical)
subarashi (romanization)
素晴らしく (irrealis stem)
素晴らしから (irrealis stem)
すばらしく (irrealis stem)
すばらしから (irrealis stem)
subarasiku (irrealis)
subarasikara (irrealis)
素晴らしく (continuative stem)
素晴らしかり (continuative stem)
すばらしく (continuative stem)
すばらしかり (continuative stem)
subarasiku (continuative)
subarasikari (continuative)
素晴らし (stem terminative)
すばらし (stem terminative)
subarasi (terminative)
素晴らしき (attributive stem)
素晴らしかる (attributive stem)
すばらしき (attributive stem)
すばらしかる (attributive stem)
subarasiki (attributive)
subarasikaru (attributive)
素晴らしけれ (realis stem)
すばらしけれ (realis stem)
subarasikere (realis)
素晴らしかれ (imperative stem)
すばらしかれ (imperative stem)
subarasikare (imperative)
素晴らしからず (negative)
すばらしからず (negative)
subarasikarazu (negative)
素晴らしけれど (contrastive)
すばらしけれど (contrastive)
subarasikeredo (contrastive)
素晴らしければ (causative)
すばらしければ (causative)
subarasikereba (causative)
素晴らしくば (conditional)
すばらしくば (conditional)
subarasikuba (conditional)
素晴らしかりき (past)
すばらしかりき (past)
subarasikariki (past)
素晴らしかりけり (past)
すばらしかりけり (past)
subarasikarikeri (past)
素晴らしく (adverbial)
すばらしく (adverbial)
subarasiku (adverbial)

素晴らしい 素晴らしい#Japanese

Classical Japanese form of 素晴らしい (subarashii, “magnificent; extreme”)


微りせば

微りせば (canonical)
nakariseba (romanization)

(Classical Japanese) without; had it not been for