de facto

→ English: de facto

→ French: de facto

→ German: de facto

→ Indonesian: de facto

→ Italian: de facto

→ Hungarian: de facto, de faktó

→ Polish: de facto

→ Spanish: de facto

Romanian: de fapt

[ˈd̪ɛː ˈfäkt̪o]

(This entry is a descendant hub.) according to fact


persona non grata

la-noun

persōna nōn grāta f (genitive persōnae nōn grātae); first declension

persōna nōn grāta (canonical feminine)
persōnae nōn grātae (genitive)
persōna nōn grāta (nominative singular)
persōnae nōn grātae (nominative plural)
persōnae nōn grātae (genitive singular)
persōnārum nōn grātārum (genitive plural)
persōnae nōn grātae (dative singular)
persōnīs nōn grātīs (dative plural)
persōnam nōn grātam (accusative singular)
persōnās nōn grātās (accusative plural)
persōnā nōn grātā (ablative singular)
persōnīs nōn grātīs (ablative plural)
persōna nōn grāta (singular vocative)
persōnae nōn grātae (plural vocative)

→ English: persona non grata

→ Czech: persona non grata

→ Polish: persona non grata

→ Portuguese: persona non grata

→ Slovak: persona non grata

→ Slovene: persona non grata

[pɛrˈs̠oːnä ˈnoːn ˈɡräːt̪ä]

[perˈsɔːnä ˈnɔn ˈɡräːt̪ä]

By surface analysis, persōna (“person”) + nōn (“not”) + grāta (“acceptable”).

surf

(This entry is a descendant hub.) person not acceptable


de iure

dē iūre (canonical)
dē jūre (alternative)

→ English: de jure

→ French: de jure

→ German: de jure

→ Italian: de iure

→ Hungarian: de jure

→ Polish: de iure

→ Portuguese: de jure

→ Spanish: de iure

[ˈd̪eː ˈi̯uːrɛ]

(This entry is a descendant hub.) according to the law, by right


tempus aestivum

la-noun

tempus aestīvum n (genitive temporis aestīvī); third declension

tempus aestīvum (canonical neuter)
temporis aestīvī (genitive)
tempus aestīvum (nominative singular)
tempora aestīva (nominative plural)
temporis aestīvī (genitive singular)
temporum aestīvōrum (genitive plural)
temporī aestīvō (dative singular)
temporibus aestīvīs (dative plural)
tempus aestīvum (accusative singular)
tempora aestīva (accusative plural)
tempore aestīvō (ablative singular)
temporibus aestīvīs (ablative plural)
tempus aestīvum (singular vocative)
tempora aestīva (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Old Neapolitan: stibo (Apulia)

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: estiu

desctree

Old Occitan: estiu
Occitan: estiu, estiéu

Ibero-Romance:

>? Aragonese: estiu (or from Catalan)

Asturian: estivu

Old Galician-Portuguese: estio, istio
Galician: estío
Portuguese: estio

Old Spanish: estivo
Spanish: estío (see there for further descendants)

[ˈt̪ɛmpʊs̠ äe̯s̠ˈt̪iːu̯ʊ̃ˑ]

Caeli fulgor tempore aestivo ardenti similis internitens ignis praebuit speciem flammasque ex Darei castris splendere velut inlati temere praesidiis credebant.

1st century CE, Curtius Rufus, Histories of Alexander the Great, book 4:

With summer-time in full blaze, the sky gleamed in a way that resembled fire, and [Alexander's soldiers] thought that they saw flames shining out from Darius' camp, as if they were under attack from the defenders.

(This entry is a descendant hub.) summer-time


male habitus

la-adj

male habitus (feminine male habita, neuter male habitum); indeclinable portion with a first/second-declension adjective

male habitus (canonical)
indeclinable portion with a first (canonical)
second-declension adjective (canonical)
male habita (feminine)
male habitum (neuter)

Insular Romance:

Old Sardinian: malabitu, malavidu

Sardinian: malaidu, maladiu

Sicilian: malatu

Italo-Romance:

Italian: malato

→ Spanish: malato

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: maròtto, mòuto

Lombard: malad, malat

Piedmontese: malave, maravi

→ Franco-Provençal: malâvio (Valdôtain)

→ Vivaro-Alpine: malavi (Valadas)

Gallo-Romance:

Old Catalan: malaute, malalte

Catalan: malalt

Franco-Provençal: malâdo

Old French: malabde

French: malade

Old Occitan: malapte, malaute

Auvergnat: malaute

Gascon: malaut, malau

Languedocien: malaut, malaute

Limousin: malaude

Provençal: malau, marau

Vivaro-Alpine: malade, malate, marade

[ˈmäɫ̪ɛ ˈhäbɪt̪ʊs̠]

From male (“badly, poorly”) + habitus (“had, kept”). Attested as early as Masurius Sabinus.

compound

(This entry is a descendant hub.) ill-kept, in poor condition, run down

Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch
Masurius Sabinus


nec unus

la-adj

nec ūnus (feminine nec ūna, neuter nec ūnum); indeclinable portion with a first/second-declension adjective

nec ūnus (canonical)
indeclinable portion with a first (canonical)
second-declension adjective (canonical)
nec ūna (feminine)
nec ūnum (neuter)

Balkan Romance:

>? Romanian: niciun

Dalmatian:

nenčoin

North Italian:

Istriot: ningun

Lombard: negun, nigun

Bergamasco: nehu, nigu

Piedmontese: niun, nengun

Old Venetan: negun

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: nion, nengun, negun

Valdôtain: gneun

Old French: neisun

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: ningú, dingú

Balearic: nengú, digú

Majorcan: negú, nigú

Northwestern: nengú

Valencian: nengú, degú, digú

Occitan: degun (all dialects)

Auvernhat: dengun

Gascon: digun

Lengadocian: digun

Rhaeto-Romance:

Ladin: degun

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese:

Central: dingun

Ribagorçan: dengú, degú, digú

Western: ningun, nengún

desc

Asturian: dengún, denguno, dingún, dinguno, nengún, nenguno

Old Galician-Portuguese: niun, niũu, neũu, neun, ningũu, ningũu, ningun, nengũu, nengun, nen (h)ũu, nin (h)ũu

Fala: niñún

Galician: nengún, ningún, neñún, niñún

Portuguese: nenhum; nengum (northern)

Spanish: ningún, ninguno

From nec + ūnus. Documented in Late Latin from at least the fifth century CE.

(This entry is a descendant hub.) not even one


tam magnus

la-adj

tam magnus (feminine tam magna, neuter tam magnum); indeclinable portion with a first/second-declension adjective

tam magnus (canonical)
indeclinable portion with a first (canonical)
second-declension adjective (canonical)
tam magna (feminine)
tam magnum (neuter)

Italo-Romance:

Old Italian: tamagno

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: tamagn

Old Romansch: tamaign

Gallo-Italic:

Old Ligurian: tamagno

Old Lombard: tamagno

Occitano-Romance:

Old Catalan: tamany, tan many

Old Occitan: ta manh, ta mang

Occitan: tamanh

Ibero-Romance:

Old Leonese:

Asturian: tamañu

Extremaduran: tamañu

Leonese: tamañu

Mirandese: tamanho

Old Galician-Portuguese: tamanno

Fala: tamañu

Galician: tamaño

Portuguese: tamanho ⇒ tamanhinho

Kabuverdianu: tamánhu

Old Spanish: tamanno, tan manno

Spanish: tamaño

[ˈt̪ä̃ˑ ˈmäŋnʊs̠]

[ˈt̪äm ˈmäɲːus]

Cicero, Verr. 5.26

Plautus, Cas. 430

(This entry is a descendant hub.) so large, so great


hoc anno

hōc annō (canonical)
*hōque annō (alternative)

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: occannu

North Italian:

Friulian: unjan

Romansch: uon, ingon

Gallo-Romance:

Old Franco-Provençal: oyan

Franco-Provençal: oyan

Old French: oan (see there for further descendants)

Old Occitan: ogan (see there for further descendants)

Ibero-Romance:

Old Galician-Portuguese: ogano

Galician: hogano

Portuguese: ogano

Old Leonese:

Asturian: anguaño

Leonese: anguanu

Mirandese:

Extremaduran: ogañu

Old Spanish: oganno

Ladino: oganyo

Spanish: hogaño

(This entry is a descendant hub.) in this year


per hoc

Italo-Romance:

Italian: però
→ Maltese: però

Gallo-Romance:

Old Franco-Provençal: pero

Old French: paroc, peroec, peruec ⇒ poro, por euc, poruec, pruec ⇒ preuc que

Middle French: preuc que, preus que

⇒ Picard: in pruèque

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: però

Occitan: però

Ibero-Romance:

Spanish: pero

Old Galician-Portuguese: pero

Galician: pero

From per (“through”, in Late Latin often "because of") + hoc (“this”). Began to supplant propter hoc from the second century CE onwards, becoming notably frequent by the time of Augustine.

compound

(This entry is a descendant hub.) for this reason, on this account


ante annum

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: antiannu

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: antany

French: antan (archaic)

Occitan: antan

Ibero-Romance:

Extremaduran: antañu

Galician: antano

Portuguese: antano

Spanish: antaño
→ Portuguese: antanho

[ˈän̪t̪ɛ ˈänːʊ̃ˑ]

(This entry is a descendant hub.) a year ago


aperi oculos

Catalan: abriulls, abrulls

desc

Mozarabic: [script needed] (abreweḷo) (doc. ca. 1100)

⇒ Old Leonese: Pedro Abrueyo (name)

Old Galician-Portuguese: [Term?]

Galician: abrollo

Portuguese: abrolho

Spanish: abrojo

Álava: abreojos

[ˈäpɛriː ˈɔkʊɫ̪oːs̠]

(This entry is a descendant hub.) open [your] eyes!


कियत्त

Dardic:

Gawar-Bati: کت (kata)

Kamkata-viri: kīte

Kashmiri: کُوتُ (kuvtu), کیُتُ (kyutu)

Pashayi:

Southeast Pashayi: kuti

Phalura: کَتِی (katī)

→ Proto-Nuristani:

Ashkun: ċīt

Waigali: kiti

Pali: kittaka

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀬 (kittiya)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Hindustani:

Hindi: कित्ता (kittā), किता (kitā)

Urdu: کِتَّا (kittā), کِتَا (kitā)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: কেতেক (ketek)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Lahnda: کتں (kittĩ), کتی (kittī)

Punjabi: kitt

Gurmukhi script: ਕਿੱਤ

Shahmukhi script: کِتّ

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi:

Kachchi: કીત્રી (kītrī), કિત્રાક (kitrāk)

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ކިތައް (kitak̊)

Sinhalese: කෙතෙක් (ketek)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Marathi: कितिं (kitĩ), किती (kitī)

Western:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: કેટલું (keṭlũ)

⇒ Prakrit: 𑀓𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀬~𑀦 (kittiya~na)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Hindustani:

Hindi: कितना (kitnā)

Urdu: کِتْنَا (kitnā)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: kitnā, kitṇā

Gurmukhi script: ਕਿਤਨਾ, ਕਿਤਣਾ

Shahmukhi script: کِتنَا, کِتݨَا

⇒ Prakrit: 𑀓𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀬~𑀭 (kittiya~ra)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Lahnda: کترا (kitrā)

Western:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Old Marwari: कीतराक (kītrāk)

⇒ Prakrit: 𑀓𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀬~𑀮 (kittiya~la)

Northwestern:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Lahnda: کتلا (kittlā)

Later form of कियत् (kiyat), for which compare attested इयत्तक (iyattaka) from इयत् (iyat).

how great...? (This entry is a descendant hub.)


office lady

→ Japanese: オフィスレディー, OL (OL)

→ English: OL

→ Chinese: OL

(This entry is a descendant hub.) A woman who works in an office.


किंचिद्

head

किंचिद् • (kiṃcid)

desc

Pali: kiñci (n. sg.), kaci (lemma), koci (m. sg.), keci (m. pl.)

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀓𑀺𑀁𑀘𑀺 (kiṃci, n. sg. nom.)

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀺𑀁𑀘𑀺 (kiṃci, n. sg. nom.) (see there for further descendants)

Dardic:

Ushojo: کوئی (kōai)

q

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀓𑁄𑀘𑀺 (koci), 𑀓𑁂𑀘𑀺 (keci) (attested at Shāhbāzgaṛhī, Girnār, Mānsehrā), with traces of the original -śc- in 𑀓𑁂𑀙 (keccha) (attested at Kālsī)

desc

Prakrit: 𑀓𑁄𑀇 (koi, m. sg. nom.), 𑀓𑀸𑀇 (kāi, f. sg. nom.) (see there for further descendants)

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀇 (kassaï, m. sg. gen.) (see there for further descendants)

anything (see किम् (kim) for more) (This entry is a descendant hub.)


rupta via

la-noun

rupta via f (genitive ruptae viae); first declension

ruptae viae (genitive)
rupta via (nominative singular)
ruptae viae (nominative plural)
ruptae viae (genitive singular)
ruptārum viārum (genitive plural)
ruptae viae (dative singular)
ruptīs viīs (dative plural)
ruptam viam (accusative singular)
ruptās viās (accusative plural)
ruptā viā (ablative singular)
ruptīs viīs (ablative plural)
rupta via (singular vocative)
ruptae viae (plural vocative)

Franco-Provençal: rota

desctree

Italian: rotta, rota, rutta (obsolete spellings)
→ Maltese: rotta
→ Ottoman Turkish: روطه
Turkish: rota

Old French: rote, rute, route
French: route
→ Catalan: ruta
→ Norwegian Bokmål: rute
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: rute
→ Polish: ruta
→ Romanian: rută
→ Spanish: ruta
→ Tagalog: ruta
→ Yámana: ruta
→ Swedish: rutt, route
Gallo: rote
Norman: route
→ Dutch: route
→ Indonesian: rute
→ Middle English: route
English: route
→ Japanese: ルート
→ Portuguese: rota

Old Occitan: rota

Occitan: rota

[ˈrʊpt̪ä ˈu̯iä]

(This entry is a descendant hub.) a path made by force


hac hora

Padanian:

Ligurian: òua, aora

Piedmontese: àora, àor

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: aoura, vôra, vuòre

Occitano-Romance:

Limousin: aura, agora

Vivaro-Alpine: aüra, avura

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: agora

Old Leonese: agora

Asturian: agora

Mirandese: agora

Old Galician-Portuguese: agora
Fala: agora
Galician: agora
Portuguese: agora (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: agora
Spanish: ahora, agora (obsolete or dialectal)
Ladino: agora, aguera, ahora, aora

[ˈhäːk ˈhoːräː]

(This entry is a descendant hub.) on this hour


hanc horam

Dalmatian:

junkaura

Italo-Romance

Italian: ancora

North Italian:

Piedmontese: ancor, anco', 'nco, 'ncora

Gallo-Romance:

Old French: ancor

French: encore

→ English: encore

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: encara

→ Spanish: encara

Occitan: encara

Gascon: enqüèra, encòra, engüèra

Provençal: encar

Limousin: enquera

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: encara, enca

[ˈhäŋk ˈhoːrä̃ˑ]

[ˈäŋk ˈɔːräm]

(This entry is a descendant hub.) until this hour, still


ad horam

Aragonese: ara

Catalan: ara

>? Franco-Provençal: yòra, yeura

Occitan: ara

Gascon: adara

Vivaro-Alpine: aiara, iara, èira, àira

[ˈäd̪ ˈhoːrä̃ˑ]

[ˈäd̪ ˈɔːräm]

(This entry is a descendant hub.) at the hour, now