-y

(Late Egyptian) Marks the perfective passive participle of mostly third-weak transitive verbs, following the stem.

(Late Egyptian) Occasionally marks the perfective active participle of mostly third-weak transitive verbs, following the stem.


-t

Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE

From Proto-Afroasiatic *-t, *-Vt (feminine suffix). See also Arabic ـَة (-a).

inh

(Late Egyptian) An unpronounced graphical suffix occasionally added to adjectives without regard for gender.


-t

Egyptian: -j (infinitival ending)

pronominal state
pronominal state#English

(Late Egyptian) Forms the pronominal state of the infinitive of transitive third-weak verbs, and occasionally also biliteral and triliteral verbs, used when a suffix pronoun is attached to the infinitive.


mn

mn:n 2-lit. (canonical)
mn (infinitive)
mnw (infinitive negative)
mn (infinitive negative)
mnt (infinitive)
mn (imperative infinitive singular)
j.mn (imperative infinitive singular)
mn (imperative infinitive plural)
j.mn (imperative infinitive plural)
mn (stative)
ḥr mn (imperfective)
m mn (imperfective)
r mn (prospective)
mn.n (active perfect)
mn.jn (active consecutive contingent)
mnt (active terminative)
mn (active perfective)
mn.ḫr (active obligative)
mn (active imperfective)
j.mn (active imperfective)
mn (active prospective)
mn.kꜣ (active potential)
mn (active subjunctive)
j.mn (active subjunctive)
mn.n (active participle perfect)
mn (active participle perfective)
mnn (participle passive perfective)
mnnj (participle passive perfective)
mn (participle passive perfective)
mnw (participle passive perfective)
mny (participle passive perfective)
j.mn (active imperfective participle)
mn (active imperfective participle)
mny (active imperfective participle)
mnw (active imperfective participle)
j.mnw (active imperfective participle)
mnj (active imperfective participle)
mn (imperfective participle passive)
mnw (imperfective participle passive)
mn (active participle prospective)
mntj (active participle prospective)
mntj (participle prospective)
mnt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

mnt

⁵ Only in the masculine singular.
⁶ Only in the masculine.
⁷ Only in the feminine.

Sahidic Coptic: ⲙⲟⲩⲛ (moun)

(intransitive, Late Egyptian, mathematics) to be(come) left over, to be(come) the remainder or amount remaining


tꜣ

egy-det

t-A f sg anaphoricdemonstrative determiner

pn (determiner masculine proximal-to-speaker singular)
tn (determiner feminine proximal-to-speaker singular)
jpnj (determiner dual masculine proximal-to-speaker)
jptnj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-speaker)
jptntj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-speaker)
jpn (determiner masculine plural proximal-to-speaker)
jptn (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-speaker)
nn (pronoun proximal-to-speaker)
pf (determiner distal masculine singular)
tf (determiner distal feminine singular)
jpfj (determiner distal dual masculine)
jptfj (determiner distal dual feminine)
jptftj (determiner distal dual feminine)
jpf (determiner distal masculine plural)
jptf (determiner distal feminine plural)
nf (distal pronoun)
pj (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
pw (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
p (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
tj (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
tw (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
jpwj (determiner dual masculine proximal-to-topic)
jptwj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-topic)
jptwtj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-topic)
jpw (determiner masculine plural proximal-to-topic)
jptw (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-topic)
jptwt (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-topic)
nw (pronoun proximal-to-topic)
pꜣ (determiner masculine singular vocative)
tꜣ (determiner feminine singular vocative)
nꜣ (pronoun vocative)
ꜥꜣ (adverb vocative)
pn (determiner masculine pronoun proximal singular)
tn (determiner feminine pronoun proximal singular)
nn (determiner plural pronoun proximal)
ꜥn (adverb proximal)
pf (determiner distal masculine pronoun singular)
pfꜣ (determiner distal masculine pronoun singular)
tf (determiner distal feminine pronoun singular)
tfꜣ (determiner distal feminine pronoun singular)
nf (determiner distal plural pronoun)
nfꜣ (determiner distal plural pronoun)
ꜥf (adverb distal)
pw (determiner masculine pronoun singular)
pwy (determiner masculine pronoun singular)
tw (determiner feminine pronoun singular)
twy (determiner feminine pronoun singular)
nw (determiner plural pronoun)
pꜣ (anaphoric determiner masculine pronoun singular)
tꜣ (anaphoric determiner feminine pronoun singular)
nꜣ (anaphoric determiner plural pronoun)
ꜥꜣ (adverb anaphoric)
pꜣw (pronoun)
dj (pronoun)
pꜣj (determiner masculine pronoun)
tꜣj (determiner feminine pronoun)
nꜣj (determiner plural pronoun)
dj (determiner pronoun)
pꜣy (masculine)
tꜣy (feminine)
nꜣy (plural)
dj
p-n (masculine possessive pronoun)
pꜣ (masculine possessive pronoun)
t-nt (feminine possessive pronoun)
tꜣ (feminine possessive pronoun)
nꜣyw (plural possessive pronoun)
nꜣ (plural possessive pronoun)
dj (possessive pronoun)
pꜣ (article definite masculine)
tꜣ (article definite feminine)
nꜣ (article definite plural)
dj (article definite)
wꜥ (article indefinite)
nhꜣy (article indefinite plural)
dj (article indefinite)

Demotic: tꜣ

q

Coptic: ⲧ- (t-) (Sahidic, Fayyumic, Akhmimic, Lycopolitan), ⲧⲉ- (te-) (Sahidic, Fayyumic, Lycopolitan), ϯ- (ti-) (Bohairic, Fayyumic)

(Late Egyptian) the definite article; the

(Late Egyptian, with following noun) she of, this of, that of


pr

Demotic: (pr)

desc

Sahidic Coptic: ⲡⲉⲣ- (per-), -ⲡⲱⲣ (-pōr)

Possibly from a form such as Proto-Afroasiatic *par- (“house”). Compare also Proto-Berber *farr (“enclosure”).

(Late Egyptian) garden or estate as a piece of land


bn

Related to (and probably developed from) earlier nn (“not”). The spelling with b- may reflect a graphic phenomenon rather than a sound change. Compare the Late Egyptian development of bw from Earlier Egyptian nj.

(Late Egyptian) not; negates the adverbial sentence/first present, the third future, and the optative

(Late Egyptian) not; negates a nominal sentence

(Late Egyptian, with a following noun or pronoun) without; there not being any …


šꜣq

SA-A-q:W-xt (canonical masculine)
šꜣq (singular)
šꜣqwj (dual)
šꜣqw (plural)

(Late Egyptian) a container for arrows, perhaps a quiver

(Late Egyptian) part of a column made out of gold wire with inlays of various stones


.kw

k-w-A1 sg 1. stative ending (canonical)
.k (masculine pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.kj (masculine pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.ṯ (feminine pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.ṯn (feminine pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.f (masculine pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.fj (masculine pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.s (feminine pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.sj (feminine pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.nj (dual first-person pronoun suffix)
.ṯnj (dual feminine masculine pronoun second-person suffix)
.snj (dual feminine masculine pronoun suffix third-person)
.n (first-person plural pronoun suffix)
.ṯn (feminine masculine plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.sn (feminine masculine plural pronoun suffix third-person)
w (enclitic first-person pronoun singular)
wj (enclitic first-person pronoun singular)
wy (enclitic first-person pronoun singular)
kw (enclitic masculine pronoun second-person singular)
k (enclitic masculine pronoun second-person singular)
ṯw (enclitic masculine pronoun second-person singular)
ṯ (enclitic masculine pronoun second-person singular)
ṯm (enclitic feminine pronoun second-person singular)
ṯn (enclitic feminine pronoun second-person singular)
sw (enclitic masculine pronoun singular third-person)
s (enclitic masculine pronoun singular third-person)
s (enclitic feminine pronoun singular third-person)
ṯnj (dual enclitic feminine masculine pronoun second-person)
snj (dual enclitic feminine masculine pronoun third-person)
n (enclitic first-person plural pronoun)
ṯn (enclitic feminine masculine plural pronoun second-person)
sn (enclitic feminine masculine plural pronoun third-person)
jnk (first-person pronoun singular stressed)
ṯwt (masculine pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ṯmt (feminine pronoun second-person singular stressed)
swt (masculine pronoun singular stressed third-person)
stt (feminine pronoun singular stressed third-person)
ntsnj (dual feminine masculine pronoun stressed third-person)
ntṯn (feminine masculine plural pronoun second-person stressed)
ntsn (feminine masculine plural pronoun stressed third-person)
jntsn (feminine masculine plural pronoun stressed third-person)
.kj (first-person singular stative)
.k (first-person singular stative)
.tj (feminine masculine second-person singular stative)
.t (feminine masculine second-person singular stative)
.tj (feminine singular stative third-person)
.t (feminine singular stative third-person)
.tjwn (dual feminine masculine second-person stative)
.wy (dual masculine stative third-person)
.wj (dual masculine stative third-person)
.ty (dual feminine stative third-person)
.wn (first-person plural stative)
.nw (first-person plural stative)
.tjwn (feminine masculine plural second-person stative)
.w (masculine plural stative third-person)
.y (masculine plural stative third-person)
.wy (masculine plural stative third-person)
.tj (feminine plural stative third-person)
.t (feminine plural stative third-person)
.k (masculine pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.kj (masculine pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.ṯ (feminine pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.t (feminine pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.f (masculine pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.fj (masculine pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.s (feminine pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.sj (feminine pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.nj (dual first-person pronoun suffix)
.ṯnj (dual feminine masculine pronoun second-person suffix)
.tnj (dual feminine masculine pronoun second-person suffix)
.snj (dual feminine masculine pronoun suffix third-person)
.n (first-person plural pronoun suffix)
.ṯn (feminine masculine plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.tn (feminine masculine plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.sn (feminine masculine plural pronoun suffix third-person)
.w (feminine masculine plural pronoun suffix third-person)
wj (enclitic first-person pronoun singular)
w (enclitic first-person pronoun singular)
ṯw (enclitic masculine pronoun second-person singular)
tw (enclitic masculine pronoun second-person singular)
ṯn (enclitic feminine pronoun second-person singular)
tn (enclitic feminine pronoun second-person singular)
sw (enclitic masculine pronoun singular third-person)
st (enclitic masculine pronoun singular third-person)
sj (enclitic feminine pronoun singular third-person)
s (enclitic feminine pronoun singular third-person)
st (enclitic feminine pronoun singular third-person)
n (enclitic first-person plural pronoun)
ṯn (enclitic feminine masculine plural pronoun second-person)
tn (enclitic feminine masculine plural pronoun second-person)
sn (enclitic feminine masculine plural pronoun third-person)
st (enclitic feminine masculine plural pronoun third-person)
jnk (first-person pronoun singular stressed)
ntk (masculine pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ṯwt (masculine pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ntṯ (feminine pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ntt (feminine pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ṯwt (feminine pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ntf (masculine pronoun singular stressed third-person)
swt (masculine pronoun singular stressed third-person)
nts (feminine pronoun singular stressed third-person)
swt (feminine pronoun singular stressed third-person)
jnn (first-person plural pronoun stressed)
ntṯn (feminine masculine plural pronoun second-person stressed)
nttn (feminine masculine plural pronoun second-person stressed)
ntsn (feminine masculine plural pronoun stressed third-person)
.kw (first-person singular stative)
.tj (feminine masculine second-person singular stative)
.t (feminine masculine second-person singular stative)
.tw (feminine masculine second-person singular stative)
.tj (feminine singular stative third-person)
.t (feminine singular stative third-person)
.tw (feminine singular stative third-person)
.wn (first-person plural stative)
.wjn (first-person plural stative)
.tjwn (feminine masculine plural second-person stative)
.tjwnj (feminine masculine plural second-person stative)
.w (feminine masculine plural stative third-person)
.y (feminine masculine plural stative third-person)
tw.j (first-person proclitic pronoun singular)
tw.k (masculine proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
tw.t (feminine proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
sw (masculine proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
sj (feminine proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
st (feminine proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
tw.n (first-person plural proclitic pronoun)
tw.tn (feminine masculine plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
st (feminine masculine plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
.k (masculine pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.kw (masculine pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.t (feminine pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.f (masculine pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.fj (masculine pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.s (feminine pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.st (feminine pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.sw (feminine pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.n (first-person plural pronoun suffix)
.tn (feminine masculine plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.twn (feminine masculine plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.w (feminine masculine plural pronoun suffix third-person)
.sn (feminine masculine plural pronoun suffix third-person)
wj (enclitic first-person pronoun singular)
tw (enclitic feminine masculine pronoun second-person singular)
tj (enclitic feminine masculine pronoun second-person singular)
sw (enclitic feminine masculine pronoun singular third-person)
st (enclitic feminine masculine pronoun singular third-person)
n (enclitic first-person plural pronoun)
wn (enclitic first-person plural pronoun)
twn (enclitic feminine masculine plural pronoun second-person)
sn (enclitic feminine masculine plural pronoun third-person)
st (enclitic feminine masculine plural pronoun third-person)
jnk (first-person pronoun singular stressed)
mntk (masculine pronoun second-person singular stressed)
mtwk (masculine pronoun second-person singular stressed)
mntt (feminine pronoun second-person singular stressed)
mtwy (feminine pronoun second-person singular stressed)
mntf (masculine pronoun singular stressed third-person)
mntst (feminine pronoun singular stressed third-person)
mntjst (feminine pronoun singular stressed third-person)
jnn (first-person plural pronoun stressed)
mnttn (feminine masculine plural pronoun second-person stressed)
mntw (feminine masculine plural pronoun stressed third-person)
.kw (first-person singular stative)
.k (first-person singular stative)
.tj (feminine masculine second-person singular stative)
.tw (feminine masculine second-person singular stative)
.w (masculine singular stative third-person)
.y (masculine singular stative third-person)
.tj (feminine singular stative third-person)
.tw (feminine singular stative third-person)
.nw (first-person plural stative)
.tn (feminine masculine plural second-person stative)
.w (feminine masculine plural stative third-person)
.y (feminine masculine plural stative third-person)
tw.j (first-person proclitic pronoun singular)
tw.k (masculine proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
tw.t (feminine proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
sw (masculine proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
st (feminine proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
sw (feminine proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
tw.n (first-person plural proclitic pronoun)
tw.tn (feminine masculine plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
st (feminine masculine plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
sw (feminine masculine plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
swt (feminine masculine plural proclitic pronoun third-person)

(Middle Egyptian, Late Egyptian, attached to a stative verb form) I, me

perhaps erroneous ortransitional between .kj and .kw


.tn

(Late Egyptian, attached to a stative verb form) Alternative form of .tjwn (“you”)


.tw

t-wimpersonal suffix pronoun (canonical)

(Middle Egyptian, Late Egyptian) used as the impersonal subject of an adverbial predicate or verb form; one, someone or something unspecified


.tw

(Middle Egyptian, Late Egyptian) forms the passive of most verb forms


.tw

t-W sg 2. stative ending (canonical)
.k (masculine pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.kj (masculine pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.ṯ (feminine pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.ṯn (feminine pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.f (masculine pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.fj (masculine pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.s (feminine pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.sj (feminine pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.nj (dual first-person pronoun suffix)
.ṯnj (dual feminine masculine pronoun second-person suffix)
.snj (dual feminine masculine pronoun suffix third-person)
.n (first-person plural pronoun suffix)
.ṯn (feminine masculine plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.sn (feminine masculine plural pronoun suffix third-person)
w (enclitic first-person pronoun singular)
wj (enclitic first-person pronoun singular)
wy (enclitic first-person pronoun singular)
kw (enclitic masculine pronoun second-person singular)
k (enclitic masculine pronoun second-person singular)
ṯw (enclitic masculine pronoun second-person singular)
ṯ (enclitic masculine pronoun second-person singular)
ṯm (enclitic feminine pronoun second-person singular)
ṯn (enclitic feminine pronoun second-person singular)
sw (enclitic masculine pronoun singular third-person)
s (enclitic masculine pronoun singular third-person)
s (enclitic feminine pronoun singular third-person)
ṯnj (dual enclitic feminine masculine pronoun second-person)
snj (dual enclitic feminine masculine pronoun third-person)
n (enclitic first-person plural pronoun)
ṯn (enclitic feminine masculine plural pronoun second-person)
sn (enclitic feminine masculine plural pronoun third-person)
jnk (first-person pronoun singular stressed)
ṯwt (masculine pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ṯmt (feminine pronoun second-person singular stressed)
swt (masculine pronoun singular stressed third-person)
stt (feminine pronoun singular stressed third-person)
ntsnj (dual feminine masculine pronoun stressed third-person)
ntṯn (feminine masculine plural pronoun second-person stressed)
ntsn (feminine masculine plural pronoun stressed third-person)
jntsn (feminine masculine plural pronoun stressed third-person)
.kj (first-person singular stative)
.k (first-person singular stative)
.tj (feminine masculine second-person singular stative)
.t (feminine masculine second-person singular stative)
.tj (feminine singular stative third-person)
.t (feminine singular stative third-person)
.tjwn (dual feminine masculine second-person stative)
.wy (dual masculine stative third-person)
.wj (dual masculine stative third-person)
.ty (dual feminine stative third-person)
.wn (first-person plural stative)
.nw (first-person plural stative)
.tjwn (feminine masculine plural second-person stative)
.w (masculine plural stative third-person)
.y (masculine plural stative third-person)
.wy (masculine plural stative third-person)
.tj (feminine plural stative third-person)
.t (feminine plural stative third-person)
.k (masculine pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.kj (masculine pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.ṯ (feminine pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.t (feminine pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.f (masculine pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.fj (masculine pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.s (feminine pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.sj (feminine pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.nj (dual first-person pronoun suffix)
.ṯnj (dual feminine masculine pronoun second-person suffix)
.tnj (dual feminine masculine pronoun second-person suffix)
.snj (dual feminine masculine pronoun suffix third-person)
.n (first-person plural pronoun suffix)
.ṯn (feminine masculine plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.tn (feminine masculine plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.sn (feminine masculine plural pronoun suffix third-person)
.w (feminine masculine plural pronoun suffix third-person)
wj (enclitic first-person pronoun singular)
w (enclitic first-person pronoun singular)
ṯw (enclitic masculine pronoun second-person singular)
tw (enclitic masculine pronoun second-person singular)
ṯn (enclitic feminine pronoun second-person singular)
tn (enclitic feminine pronoun second-person singular)
sw (enclitic masculine pronoun singular third-person)
st (enclitic masculine pronoun singular third-person)
sj (enclitic feminine pronoun singular third-person)
s (enclitic feminine pronoun singular third-person)
st (enclitic feminine pronoun singular third-person)
n (enclitic first-person plural pronoun)
ṯn (enclitic feminine masculine plural pronoun second-person)
tn (enclitic feminine masculine plural pronoun second-person)
sn (enclitic feminine masculine plural pronoun third-person)
st (enclitic feminine masculine plural pronoun third-person)
jnk (first-person pronoun singular stressed)
ntk (masculine pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ṯwt (masculine pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ntṯ (feminine pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ntt (feminine pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ṯwt (feminine pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ntf (masculine pronoun singular stressed third-person)
swt (masculine pronoun singular stressed third-person)
nts (feminine pronoun singular stressed third-person)
swt (feminine pronoun singular stressed third-person)
jnn (first-person plural pronoun stressed)
ntṯn (feminine masculine plural pronoun second-person stressed)
nttn (feminine masculine plural pronoun second-person stressed)
ntsn (feminine masculine plural pronoun stressed third-person)
.kw (first-person singular stative)
.tj (feminine masculine second-person singular stative)
.t (feminine masculine second-person singular stative)
.tw (feminine masculine second-person singular stative)
.tj (feminine singular stative third-person)
.t (feminine singular stative third-person)
.tw (feminine singular stative third-person)
.wn (first-person plural stative)
.wjn (first-person plural stative)
.tjwn (feminine masculine plural second-person stative)
.tjwnj (feminine masculine plural second-person stative)
.w (feminine masculine plural stative third-person)
.y (feminine masculine plural stative third-person)
tw.j (first-person proclitic pronoun singular)
tw.k (masculine proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
tw.t (feminine proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
sw (masculine proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
sj (feminine proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
st (feminine proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
tw.n (first-person plural proclitic pronoun)
tw.tn (feminine masculine plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
st (feminine masculine plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
.k (masculine pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.kw (masculine pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.t (feminine pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.f (masculine pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.fj (masculine pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.s (feminine pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.st (feminine pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.sw (feminine pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.n (first-person plural pronoun suffix)
.tn (feminine masculine plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.twn (feminine masculine plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.w (feminine masculine plural pronoun suffix third-person)
.sn (feminine masculine plural pronoun suffix third-person)
wj (enclitic first-person pronoun singular)
tw (enclitic feminine masculine pronoun second-person singular)
tj (enclitic feminine masculine pronoun second-person singular)
sw (enclitic feminine masculine pronoun singular third-person)
st (enclitic feminine masculine pronoun singular third-person)
n (enclitic first-person plural pronoun)
wn (enclitic first-person plural pronoun)
twn (enclitic feminine masculine plural pronoun second-person)
sn (enclitic feminine masculine plural pronoun third-person)
st (enclitic feminine masculine plural pronoun third-person)
jnk (first-person pronoun singular stressed)
mntk (masculine pronoun second-person singular stressed)
mtwk (masculine pronoun second-person singular stressed)
mntt (feminine pronoun second-person singular stressed)
mtwy (feminine pronoun second-person singular stressed)
mntf (masculine pronoun singular stressed third-person)
mntst (feminine pronoun singular stressed third-person)
mntjst (feminine pronoun singular stressed third-person)
jnn (first-person plural pronoun stressed)
mnttn (feminine masculine plural pronoun second-person stressed)
mntw (feminine masculine plural pronoun stressed third-person)
.kw (first-person singular stative)
.k (first-person singular stative)
.tj (feminine masculine second-person singular stative)
.tw (feminine masculine second-person singular stative)
.w (masculine singular stative third-person)
.y (masculine singular stative third-person)
.tj (feminine singular stative third-person)
.tw (feminine singular stative third-person)
.nw (first-person plural stative)
.tn (feminine masculine plural second-person stative)
.w (feminine masculine plural stative third-person)
.y (feminine masculine plural stative third-person)
tw.j (first-person proclitic pronoun singular)
tw.k (masculine proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
tw.t (feminine proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
sw (masculine proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
st (feminine proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
sw (feminine proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
tw.n (first-person plural proclitic pronoun)
tw.tn (feminine masculine plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
st (feminine masculine plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
sw (feminine masculine plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
swt (feminine masculine plural proclitic pronoun third-person)

(Late Egyptian, Neo-Middle Egyptian, attached to a stative verb form) Alternative form of .tj (“you, she, her”)

Neo-Middle Egyptian; attached to a stative verb form; Neo-Middle Egyptian; attached to a stative verb form

(Late Egyptian, attached to a stative verb form) the general (unmarked) stative ending, used with all genders and numbers


ḥꜣtj

HAt:t*y (canonical)
ḥꜣtj (masculine singular)
ḥꜣtt (feminine singular)
ḥꜣtjwj (dual masculine)
ḥꜣtwj (dual masculine)
ḥꜣttj (dual feminine)
ḥꜣtjw (masculine plural)
ḥꜣtw (masculine plural)
ḥꜣtwt (feminine plural)
ḥꜣtt (feminine plural)

Demotic: ḥꜣṱ

Bohairic Coptic: ϩⲟⲩⲓⲧ (houit)

Fayyumic Coptic: ϩⲟⲩⲉⲓⲧ (houeit), ϩⲟⲩⲓⲧ (houit)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ϩⲟⲩⲓⲧ (houit)

Old Coptic: ϩⲟⲩⲓⲧ (houit)

Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲟⲩⲉⲓⲧ (houeit)

From ḥꜣt (“front”) + -j (nisba ending).
The noun is traditionally regarded as simply a nominalized use of this nisba adjective, thus literally ‘the frontal (organ)’. However, note the different developments in Coptic. Some have instead suggested an Indo-European source for the noun; compare Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr.


ꜥšꜣ

aSA:Z2 3-lit. (canonical)
ꜥšꜣ (infinitive)
ꜥšꜣw (infinitive negative)
ꜥšꜣ (infinitive negative)
ꜥšꜣt (infinitive)
ꜥšꜣ (imperative infinitive singular)
ꜥšꜣ (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜥšꜣ (stative)
ḥr ꜥšꜣ (imperfective)
m ꜥšꜣ (imperfective)
r ꜥšꜣ (prospective)
ꜥšꜣ.n (active perfect)
ꜥšꜣ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
ꜥšꜣt (active terminative)
ꜥšꜣ (active perfective)
ꜥšꜣ.ḫr (active obligative)
ꜥšꜣ (active imperfective)
ꜥšꜣ (active prospective)
ꜥšꜣ.kꜣ (active potential)
ꜥšꜣ (active subjunctive)
ꜥšꜣ.n (active participle perfect)
ꜥšꜣ (active participle perfective)
ꜥšꜣ (participle passive perfective)
ꜥšꜣw (participle passive perfective)
ꜥšꜣy (participle passive perfective)
ꜥšꜣ (active imperfective participle)
ꜥšꜣy (active imperfective participle)
ꜥšꜣw (active imperfective participle)
ꜥšꜣj (active imperfective participle)
ꜥšꜣ (imperfective participle passive)
ꜥšꜣw (imperfective participle passive)
ꜥšꜣ (active participle prospective)
ꜥšꜣtj (active participle prospective)
ꜥšꜣtj (participle prospective)
ꜥšꜣt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

ꜥšꜣt

ꜥšꜣ, ꜥšꜣy, ꜥšꜣw5

ꜥšꜣ, ꜥšꜣw5, ꜥšꜣy5

ꜥšꜣ, ꜥšꜣj6, ꜥšꜣy6

ꜥšꜣtj4, ꜥšꜣt4

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲁϣⲉⲓ (ašei)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲁϣⲁⲓ (ašai)

desc

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲁϣⲉⲉⲓ (ašeei), ⲁϣⲉⲓ (ašei)

Old Coptic: ⲁϣⲏⲉⲓ (ašēei)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲁϣⲁⲓ (ašai)

(intransitive, Late Egyptian) to be(come) too much, to be(come) excessive


ḏꜥ

Akhmimic Coptic: ϫⲟ (čo)

(Late Egyptian) altercation; fierce exchange of words


m-dj

(Late Egyptian, before an infinitive) and


jrj

ir 3ae inf. (canonical)
jrt (infinitive)
jrj (infinitive)
jrw (infinitive negative)
jr (infinitive negative)
jrwt (infinitive)
jryt (infinitive)
jr (imperative infinitive singular)
jr (imperative infinitive plural)
jry (imperative infinitive plural)
jr (stative)
jrr (stative)
ḥr jrt (imperfective)
ḥr jrj (imperfective)
m jrt (imperfective)
m jrj (imperfective)
r jrt (prospective)
r jrj (prospective)
jr.n (active perfect)
jrw (passive perfect)
jr (passive perfect)
jry (passive perfect)
jr.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
jrt (terminative)
jryt (terminative)
jr (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
jr.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
jr (active imperfective)
jry (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
jrw (active prospective)
jr (active prospective)
jry (active prospective)
jrw (passive prospective)
jr (passive prospective)
jry (passive prospective)
jr.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
jr (active subjunctive)
jry (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
jr.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
jrw (active participle perfective relative)
jry (active participle perfective relative)
jr (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
jr (active participle perfective)
jry (participle passive perfective)
jr (participle passive perfective)
jrr (active imperfective participle relative)
jrry (active imperfective participle relative)
jrrw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
jrr (active imperfective participle)
jrrj (active imperfective participle)
jrry (active imperfective participle)
jrr (imperfective participle passive)
jrrw (imperfective participle passive)
jrw (active participle prospective relative)
jry (active participle prospective relative)
jr (active participle prospective relative)
jrtj (active participle prospective relative)
jrwtj (participle prospective)
jrtj (participle prospective)
jrt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

jrt, jryt

jrw.tj1, jr.tj1, jry.tj1, jrw.tw2, jr.tw2, jry.tw2

⁵ Only in the masculine singular.
⁶ Only in the masculine.
⁷ Only in the feminine.
⁸ Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">-y</i> instead of the expected stative ending.

Demotic: jr(y)

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲉⲓⲣⲉ (eire)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲓⲣⲓ (iri)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲓⲗⲓ (ili)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲓⲣⲉ (ire)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲉⲓⲣⲉ (eire)

(Late Egyptian, catenative, with a verb in the subjunctive) to cause, make, let, allow

(Late Egyptian, transitive, with prefixed j. and following infinitive) forms the imperfective active participle

(Late Egyptian, transitive, with prefixed j. and following infinitive) forms the perfective active and passive participles, initially of verbs with four or more radicals, but after the New Kingdom increasingly of other verbs as well


𓀀

Representing a seated man with both arms flexed, the rearward arm overlapping the body, essentially portraying a man in a generic pose to draw little attention to any particular action or quality other than manhood. Compare the Chinese character 人. This and other glyphs depicting men conventionally color the skin red; the hair is typically black, and the clothing white (sometimes with black outlines or details).

egy-hiero-color-men

(Late Egyptian) Logogram for wj (first person dependent pronoun).


ptr

(Late Egyptian) behold, lo, look; presents the contents of a statement


wn

wn-n:O31 2-lit. (canonical)
wn (infinitive)
wnw (infinitive negative)
wn (infinitive negative)
wnt (infinitive)
wn (imperative infinitive singular)
j.wn (imperative infinitive singular)
wn (imperative infinitive plural)
j.wn (imperative infinitive plural)
wn (stative)
ḥr wn (imperfective)
m wn (imperfective)
r wn (prospective)
wn.n (active perfect)
wnw (passive perfect)
wn (passive perfect)
wn.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
wnt (terminative)
wn (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
wn.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
wn (active imperfective)
j.wn (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
wn (active prospective)
wnn (passive prospective)
wn.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
wn (active subjunctive)
j.wn (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
wn.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
wn (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
wn (active participle perfective)
wnn (participle passive perfective)
wnnj (participle passive perfective)
wn (participle passive perfective)
wnw (participle passive perfective)
wny (participle passive perfective)
j.wn (active imperfective participle relative)
wn (active imperfective participle relative)
wny (active imperfective participle relative)
wnw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.wn (active imperfective participle)
j.wnw (active imperfective participle)
wn (active imperfective participle)
wnj (active imperfective participle)
wny (active imperfective participle)
wn (imperfective participle passive)
wnw (imperfective participle passive)
wn (active participle prospective relative)
wntj (active participle prospective relative)
wntj (participle prospective)
wnt (participle prospective)

Demotic: wn

Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱⲛ (ouōn)

(transitive, Late Egyptian) to let (someone) out of confinement, to release

(transitive, Late Egyptian, of thieves) to break in to, to forcibly open (a building)


dj

Probably an Upper Egyptian dialect doublet of ꜥꜣ (“here, there”).


ꜣbw

ꜣbw (singular)
ꜣbwwj (dual)
ꜣbww (plural)


pꜣj

G41-A-y m sg demonstrative determiner (canonical)
pn (determiner masculine proximal-to-speaker singular)
tn (determiner feminine proximal-to-speaker singular)
jpnj (determiner dual masculine proximal-to-speaker)
jptnj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-speaker)
jptntj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-speaker)
jpn (determiner masculine plural proximal-to-speaker)
jptn (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-speaker)
nn (pronoun proximal-to-speaker)
pf (determiner distal masculine singular)
tf (determiner distal feminine singular)
jpfj (determiner distal dual masculine)
jptfj (determiner distal dual feminine)
jptftj (determiner distal dual feminine)
jpf (determiner distal masculine plural)
jptf (determiner distal feminine plural)
nf (distal pronoun)
pj (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
pw (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
p (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
tj (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
tw (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
jpwj (determiner dual masculine proximal-to-topic)
jptwj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-topic)
jptwtj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-topic)
jpw (determiner masculine plural proximal-to-topic)
jptw (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-topic)
jptwt (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-topic)
nw (pronoun proximal-to-topic)
pꜣ (determiner masculine singular vocative)
tꜣ (determiner feminine singular vocative)
nꜣ (pronoun vocative)
ꜥꜣ (adverb vocative)
pn (determiner masculine pronoun proximal singular)
tn (determiner feminine pronoun proximal singular)
nn (determiner plural pronoun proximal)
ꜥn (adverb proximal)
pf (determiner distal masculine pronoun singular)
pfꜣ (determiner distal masculine pronoun singular)
tf (determiner distal feminine pronoun singular)
tfꜣ (determiner distal feminine pronoun singular)
nf (determiner distal plural pronoun)
nfꜣ (determiner distal plural pronoun)
ꜥf (adverb distal)
pw (determiner masculine pronoun singular)
pwy (determiner masculine pronoun singular)
tw (determiner feminine pronoun singular)
twy (determiner feminine pronoun singular)
nw (determiner plural pronoun)
pꜣ (anaphoric determiner masculine pronoun singular)
tꜣ (anaphoric determiner feminine pronoun singular)
nꜣ (anaphoric determiner plural pronoun)
ꜥꜣ (adverb anaphoric)
pꜣw (pronoun)
dj (pronoun)
pꜣj (determiner masculine pronoun)
tꜣj (determiner feminine pronoun)
nꜣj (determiner plural pronoun)
dj (determiner pronoun)
pꜣy (masculine)
tꜣy (feminine)
nꜣy (plural)
dj
p-n (masculine possessive pronoun)
pꜣ (masculine possessive pronoun)
t-nt (feminine possessive pronoun)
tꜣ (feminine possessive pronoun)
nꜣyw (plural possessive pronoun)
nꜣ (plural possessive pronoun)
dj (possessive pronoun)
pꜣ (article definite masculine)
tꜣ (article definite feminine)
nꜣ (article definite plural)
dj (article definite)
wꜥ (article indefinite)
nhꜣy (article indefinite plural)
dj (article indefinite)

Coptic: ⲡⲁⲓ̈ (paï), ⲡⲉ (pe)

Compare with Classical Syriac ܦܪܚ (peraḥ).


.k

Compare with the Akkadian 1st person singular stative ending 𒆪 ((_a)-ku /-āku/).

(Middle Egyptian, Late Egyptian, attached to a stative verb form) Abbreviation of .kw (“I, me”).


.n

Most likely grammaticalized from the preposition n (“to, for”).

(Late Egyptian) Optionally marks the preterite of all verbs.

(Late Egyptian) Optionally marks the perfective active relative form of all verbs.


mḥ

mH (canonical)
mH (masculine singular)
mḥ (masculine singular)
mH:t (feminine singular)
mḥt (feminine singular)

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲙⲁϩ- (mah-)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲁϩ- (mah-)

desc

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲙⲉϩ- (meh-), ⲙⲁϩ- (mah-)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲙⲁϩ- (mah-)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲙⲉϩ- (meh-), ⲙⲁϩ- (mah-)

From a form of the verb mḥ (“to fill, to be(come) full”) above; the original sense may have been the number ‘brought to fullness’, ‘made complete’.

(Late Egyptian) Forms ordinal numbers greater than one from cardinal numbers.

(Late Egyptian) Also forms the ordinal number for one (‘first’).


ḏbꜥ

Dba (canonical masculine)
ḏbꜥ (singular)
ḏbꜥwj (dual)
ḏbꜥw (plural)

Akhmimic Coptic: ϯⲉⲓⲃⲉ (tieibe)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲧⲏⲃ (tēb)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲧⲉⲉⲃⲉ (teebe)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲧⲏⲃⲉ (tēbe)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲧⲏⲏⲃⲉ (tēēbe)

Compare with Arabic إصبع (ʔiṣbaʕ, “finger”) and Mina dzəbuŋ (“five”).

(anatomy, Late Egyptian) digit: a finger, thumb, or toe


wꜥ

Demotic: wꜥ

Coptic: ⲟⲩ- (ou-)

Formed as if the perfective active participle of wꜥj (“to be(come) alone”), although possibly the verb may be derived from the numeral instead.

(Late Egyptian) the singular indefinite article; a, an


pꜣ

egy-det

pA m sg anaphoricdemonstrative determiner

Demotic: pꜣ

Coptic: ⲡ- (p-) (Sahidic, Fayyumic, Akhmimic, Lycopolitan), ⲡⲉ- (pe-) (Sahidic, Fayyumic, Lycopolitan), ⲡⲓ- (pi-) (Bohairic, Fayyumic)

(Late Egyptian) the definite article; the

(Late Egyptian, with following noun) he of, this of, that of


jpw

jpw (singular)
jpwwj (dual)
jpww (plural)

From jp (“to count, to assess, to assign”) + -w.

af

(chiefly Late Egyptian) inventory, list, tax record


nꜣy

n:A-i-i pl demonstrative determiner (canonical)
pn (determiner masculine proximal-to-speaker singular)
tn (determiner feminine proximal-to-speaker singular)
jpnj (determiner dual masculine proximal-to-speaker)
jptnj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-speaker)
jptntj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-speaker)
jpn (determiner masculine plural proximal-to-speaker)
jptn (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-speaker)
nn (pronoun proximal-to-speaker)
pf (determiner distal masculine singular)
tf (determiner distal feminine singular)
jpfj (determiner distal dual masculine)
jptfj (determiner distal dual feminine)
jptftj (determiner distal dual feminine)
jpf (determiner distal masculine plural)
jptf (determiner distal feminine plural)
nf (distal pronoun)
pj (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
pw (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
p (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
tj (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
tw (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
jpwj (determiner dual masculine proximal-to-topic)
jptwj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-topic)
jptwtj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-topic)
jpw (determiner masculine plural proximal-to-topic)
jptw (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-topic)
jptwt (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-topic)
nw (pronoun proximal-to-topic)
pꜣ (determiner masculine singular vocative)
tꜣ (determiner feminine singular vocative)
nꜣ (pronoun vocative)
ꜥꜣ (adverb vocative)
pn (determiner masculine pronoun proximal singular)
tn (determiner feminine pronoun proximal singular)
nn (determiner plural pronoun proximal)
ꜥn (adverb proximal)
pf (determiner distal masculine pronoun singular)
pfꜣ (determiner distal masculine pronoun singular)
tf (determiner distal feminine pronoun singular)
tfꜣ (determiner distal feminine pronoun singular)
nf (determiner distal plural pronoun)
nfꜣ (determiner distal plural pronoun)
ꜥf (adverb distal)
pw (determiner masculine pronoun singular)
pwy (determiner masculine pronoun singular)
tw (determiner feminine pronoun singular)
twy (determiner feminine pronoun singular)
nw (determiner plural pronoun)
pꜣ (anaphoric determiner masculine pronoun singular)
tꜣ (anaphoric determiner feminine pronoun singular)
nꜣ (anaphoric determiner plural pronoun)
ꜥꜣ (adverb anaphoric)
pꜣw (pronoun)
dj (pronoun)
pꜣj (determiner masculine pronoun)
tꜣj (determiner feminine pronoun)
nꜣj (determiner plural pronoun)
dj (determiner pronoun)
pꜣy (masculine)
tꜣy (feminine)
nꜣy (plural)
dj
p-n (masculine possessive pronoun)
pꜣ (masculine possessive pronoun)
t-nt (feminine possessive pronoun)
tꜣ (feminine possessive pronoun)
nꜣyw (plural possessive pronoun)
nꜣ (plural possessive pronoun)
dj (possessive pronoun)
pꜣ (article definite masculine)
tꜣ (article definite feminine)
nꜣ (article definite plural)
dj (article definite)
wꜥ (article indefinite)
nhꜣy (article indefinite plural)
dj (article indefinite)

desc

⇒ Coptic: ⲛⲁ- (na-), ⲛⲉⲕ- (nek-), ⲛⲟⲩ- (nou-), ⲛⲉϥ- (nef-), ⲛⲉⲥ- (nes-), ⲛⲉⲛ- (nen-), ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄- (netn̄-), ⲛⲉⲩ- (neu-)

(Late Egyptian, with attached suffix pronoun) forms possessives; my, our, your, his, her, its, their, depending on which suffix pronoun is attached


tꜣy

t-A-i-i f sg demonstrative determiner (canonical)
pn (determiner masculine proximal-to-speaker singular)
tn (determiner feminine proximal-to-speaker singular)
jpnj (determiner dual masculine proximal-to-speaker)
jptnj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-speaker)
jptntj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-speaker)
jpn (determiner masculine plural proximal-to-speaker)
jptn (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-speaker)
nn (pronoun proximal-to-speaker)
pf (determiner distal masculine singular)
tf (determiner distal feminine singular)
jpfj (determiner distal dual masculine)
jptfj (determiner distal dual feminine)
jptftj (determiner distal dual feminine)
jpf (determiner distal masculine plural)
jptf (determiner distal feminine plural)
nf (distal pronoun)
pj (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
pw (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
p (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
tj (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
tw (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
jpwj (determiner dual masculine proximal-to-topic)
jptwj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-topic)
jptwtj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-topic)
jpw (determiner masculine plural proximal-to-topic)
jptw (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-topic)
jptwt (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-topic)
nw (pronoun proximal-to-topic)
pꜣ (determiner masculine singular vocative)
tꜣ (determiner feminine singular vocative)
nꜣ (pronoun vocative)
ꜥꜣ (adverb vocative)
pn (determiner masculine pronoun proximal singular)
tn (determiner feminine pronoun proximal singular)
nn (determiner plural pronoun proximal)
ꜥn (adverb proximal)
pf (determiner distal masculine pronoun singular)
pfꜣ (determiner distal masculine pronoun singular)
tf (determiner distal feminine pronoun singular)
tfꜣ (determiner distal feminine pronoun singular)
nf (determiner distal plural pronoun)
nfꜣ (determiner distal plural pronoun)
ꜥf (adverb distal)
pw (determiner masculine pronoun singular)
pwy (determiner masculine pronoun singular)
tw (determiner feminine pronoun singular)
twy (determiner feminine pronoun singular)
nw (determiner plural pronoun)
pꜣ (anaphoric determiner masculine pronoun singular)
tꜣ (anaphoric determiner feminine pronoun singular)
nꜣ (anaphoric determiner plural pronoun)
ꜥꜣ (adverb anaphoric)
pꜣw (pronoun)
dj (pronoun)
pꜣj (determiner masculine pronoun)
tꜣj (determiner feminine pronoun)
nꜣj (determiner plural pronoun)
dj (determiner pronoun)
pꜣy (masculine)
tꜣy (feminine)
nꜣy (plural)
dj
p-n (masculine possessive pronoun)
pꜣ (masculine possessive pronoun)
t-nt (feminine possessive pronoun)
tꜣ (feminine possessive pronoun)
nꜣyw (plural possessive pronoun)
nꜣ (plural possessive pronoun)
dj (possessive pronoun)
pꜣ (article definite masculine)
tꜣ (article definite feminine)
nꜣ (article definite plural)
dj (article definite)
wꜥ (article indefinite)
nhꜣy (article indefinite plural)
dj (article indefinite)

⇒ Coptic: ⲧⲁ- (ta-), ⲧⲉⲕ- (tek-), ⲧⲟⲩ- (tou-), ⲧⲉϥ- (tef-), ⲧⲉⲥ- (tes-), ⲧⲉⲛ- (ten-), ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄- (tetn̄-), ⲧⲉⲩ- (teu-)


pꜣy

pA-i-i m sg demonstrative determiner (canonical)
pn (determiner masculine proximal-to-speaker singular)
tn (determiner feminine proximal-to-speaker singular)
jpnj (determiner dual masculine proximal-to-speaker)
jptnj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-speaker)
jptntj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-speaker)
jpn (determiner masculine plural proximal-to-speaker)
jptn (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-speaker)
nn (pronoun proximal-to-speaker)
pf (determiner distal masculine singular)
tf (determiner distal feminine singular)
jpfj (determiner distal dual masculine)
jptfj (determiner distal dual feminine)
jptftj (determiner distal dual feminine)
jpf (determiner distal masculine plural)
jptf (determiner distal feminine plural)
nf (distal pronoun)
pj (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
pw (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
p (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
tj (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
tw (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
jpwj (determiner dual masculine proximal-to-topic)
jptwj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-topic)
jptwtj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-topic)
jpw (determiner masculine plural proximal-to-topic)
jptw (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-topic)
jptwt (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-topic)
nw (pronoun proximal-to-topic)
pꜣ (determiner masculine singular vocative)
tꜣ (determiner feminine singular vocative)
nꜣ (pronoun vocative)
ꜥꜣ (adverb vocative)
pn (determiner masculine pronoun proximal singular)
tn (determiner feminine pronoun proximal singular)
nn (determiner plural pronoun proximal)
ꜥn (adverb proximal)
pf (determiner distal masculine pronoun singular)
pfꜣ (determiner distal masculine pronoun singular)
tf (determiner distal feminine pronoun singular)
tfꜣ (determiner distal feminine pronoun singular)
nf (determiner distal plural pronoun)
nfꜣ (determiner distal plural pronoun)
ꜥf (adverb distal)
pw (determiner masculine pronoun singular)
pwy (determiner masculine pronoun singular)
tw (determiner feminine pronoun singular)
twy (determiner feminine pronoun singular)
nw (determiner plural pronoun)
pꜣ (anaphoric determiner masculine pronoun singular)
tꜣ (anaphoric determiner feminine pronoun singular)
nꜣ (anaphoric determiner plural pronoun)
ꜥꜣ (adverb anaphoric)
pꜣw (pronoun)
dj (pronoun)
pꜣj (determiner masculine pronoun)
tꜣj (determiner feminine pronoun)
nꜣj (determiner plural pronoun)
dj (determiner pronoun)
pꜣy (masculine)
tꜣy (feminine)
nꜣy (plural)
dj
p-n (masculine possessive pronoun)
pꜣ (masculine possessive pronoun)
t-nt (feminine possessive pronoun)
tꜣ (feminine possessive pronoun)
nꜣyw (plural possessive pronoun)
nꜣ (plural possessive pronoun)
dj (possessive pronoun)
pꜣ (article definite masculine)
tꜣ (article definite feminine)
nꜣ (article definite plural)
dj (article definite)
wꜥ (article indefinite)
nhꜣy (article indefinite plural)
dj (article indefinite)

⇒ Coptic: ⲡⲁ- (pa-), ⲡⲉⲕ- (pek-), ⲡⲟⲩ- (pou-), ⲡⲉϥ- (pef-), ⲡⲉⲥ- (pes-), ⲡⲉⲛ- (pen-), ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄- (petn̄-), ⲡⲉⲩ- (peu-)


jw

Coptic: ⲉ- (e-)

⇒ Coptic: ⲉⲧⲉ- (ete-)

⇒ Coptic: ⲣⲉϥ- (ref-)

(Late Egyptian) introduces a subordinate circumstantial clause

(Late Egyptian) introduces a sentence in the third future


ḏt

Demotic: ḏjṱ

Bohairic Coptic: ϫⲱⲓⲧ (čōit)

Fayyumic Coptic: ϫⲁⲓⲧ (čait)

Sahidic Coptic: ϫⲟⲉⲓⲧ (čoeit)

Borrowed from Semitic; compare Ugaritic 𐎇𐎚 (zt), Phoenician 𐤆𐤉𐤕 (zyt), Galilean Aramaic זֵיתָא (zētā), Classical Syriac ܙܝܬܐ (zaytā), Amharic ዘይት (zäyt, “olive oil”), Arabic زَيْتُون (zaytūn, “olive”), زَيْت (zayt, “oil, olive oil”), Hebrew זַיִת (záyit).


nḥḥ

Demotic: nḥḥ

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲛⲉϩ (neh), ⲛⲏϩ (nēh)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲛⲉϩ (neh)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲛⲉϩ (neh), ⲛⲏϩ (nēh)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲛⲉϩ (neh), ⲛϩ (nh), ⲛⲏϩ (nēh)

(Late Egyptian) (sesame) oil, used for cooking, as a salve, and as fuel for lamps


ḏd

Coptic: ϫⲉ- (če-)

(Late Egyptian) Alternative form of r ḏd (introduces a direct quotation or object clause)


ꜣs

(Late Egyptian, often reduplicated) quickly, hurriedly


ꜣꜥꜥ

A-a:a-Y1-A24 3-lit. (canonical)
ꜣꜥꜥ (infinitive)
ꜣꜥꜥw (infinitive negative)
ꜣꜥꜥ (infinitive negative)
ꜣꜥꜥt (infinitive)
ꜣꜥꜥ (imperative infinitive singular)
ꜣꜥꜥ (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜣꜥꜥ (stative)
ḥr ꜣꜥꜥ (imperfective)
m ꜣꜥꜥ (imperfective)
r ꜣꜥꜥ (prospective)
ꜣꜥꜥ.n (active perfect)
ꜣꜥꜥw (passive perfect)
ꜣꜥꜥ (passive perfect)
ꜣꜥꜥ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ꜣꜥꜥt (terminative)
ꜣꜥꜥ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ꜣꜥꜥ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ꜣꜥꜥ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ꜣꜥꜥ (active prospective)
ꜣꜥꜥꜥ (passive prospective)
ꜣꜥꜥ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ꜣꜥꜥ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ꜣꜥꜥ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ꜣꜥꜥ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ꜣꜥꜥ (active participle perfective)
ꜣꜥꜥ (participle passive perfective)
ꜣꜥꜥw (participle passive perfective)
ꜣꜥꜥy (participle passive perfective)
ꜣꜥꜥ (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜣꜥꜥy (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜣꜥꜥw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ꜣꜥꜥ (active imperfective participle)
ꜣꜥꜥj (active imperfective participle)
ꜣꜥꜥy (active imperfective participle)
ꜣꜥꜥ (imperfective participle passive)
ꜣꜥꜥw (imperfective participle passive)
ꜣꜥꜥ (active participle prospective relative)
ꜣꜥꜥtj (active participle prospective relative)
ꜣꜥꜥtj (participle prospective)
ꜣꜥꜥt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

ꜣꜥꜥt

ꜣꜥꜥ, ꜣꜥꜥy, ꜣꜥꜥw5

ꜣꜥꜥ, ꜣꜥꜥw5, ꜣꜥꜥy5

ꜣꜥꜥ, ꜣꜥꜥj6, ꜣꜥꜥy6

ꜣꜥꜥtj4, ꜣꜥꜥt4

(transitive, Late Egyptian) to coat, spread, or patch up with plaster; to plaster


ꜣꜥꜥ

According to the Rösslerian school of Egyptian comparison, from earlier *lꜥꜥ, from Proto-Afroasiatic *laɣ- (?) (“to speak”); compare Proto-Semitic *lɣz, Arabic لَغَزَ (laḡaza, “to speak enigmatically, to use puzzling or riddle-like language”), Hebrew לעז (“to speak a foreign language”).

cog

(intransitive, Late Egyptian) to speak a foreign language, to gibber


ꜣꜥꜥ

ꜣꜥꜥ (singular)
ꜣꜥꜥwj (dual)
ꜣꜥꜥw (plural)

(Late Egyptian) speaker of a foreign language, generally a foreigner or interpreter


ꜣꜥꜥt

ꜣꜥꜥt (singular)
ꜣꜥꜥtj (dual)
ꜣꜥꜥwt (plural)

aD:d-W-nw-V25-Z5-mn:n-t:Z9-nw-.-.-.-.-.-V1*V1*V1:V1*V1*V1:V1*V1*V1-V20-Z1-!-aD:d-W-nw-r-Z1-G38-mn:n-t:Z9-nw-.-.-V1*V1*V1-V20*V20*V20*V20:V20*V20*V20*V20-Z1*Z1*Z1:Z1*Z1-!-s-mi-i-i-nw-mn:n-t:Z9-nw-.-.-.-.-.-.-V20:V20-!-Y1:Z91-A-a:a-t-W24-d:n-s-mn:n-U32:O39-.-M12*M12*M12:M12*M12*M12:M12*M12*M12-V1-V20:V20-Z1*Z1*Z1:Z1*Z1
…
ꜥḏw ⸢ḥḏ⸣ mnt-.-.-911
ꜥḏw rꜣ mnt-.-.-385
smy mnt-.-.-20
dmḏ ꜣꜥꜥt dns-.-.-9125
…
⸢White⸣ fat: 911 jars

c. 1150 BCE, Papyrus Harris I, plate 15a, lines 7–10

Goose fat: 385 jars
Curds: 20 jars
Total of weighted jars: 9125


ꜥḥꜥ

aHa-a:D54 3-lit. (canonical)
ꜥḥꜥ (infinitive)
ꜥḥꜥw (infinitive negative)
ꜥḥꜥ (infinitive negative)
ꜥḥꜥt (infinitive)
ꜥḥꜥ (imperative infinitive singular)
ꜥḥꜥ (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜥḥꜥ (stative)
ḥr ꜥḥꜥ (imperfective)
m ꜥḥꜥ (imperfective)
r ꜥḥꜥ (prospective)
ꜥḥꜥ.n (active perfect)
ꜥḥꜥ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
ꜥḥꜥt (active terminative)
ꜥḥꜥ (active perfective)
ꜥḥꜥ.ḫr (active obligative)
ꜥḥꜥ (active imperfective)
ꜥḥꜥ (active prospective)
ꜥḥꜥ.kꜣ (active potential)
ꜥḥꜥ (active subjunctive)
ꜥḥꜥ.n (active participle perfect)
ꜥḥꜥ (active participle perfective)
ꜥḥꜥ (participle passive perfective)
ꜥḥꜥw (participle passive perfective)
ꜥḥꜥy (participle passive perfective)
ꜥḥꜥ (active imperfective participle)
ꜥḥꜥy (active imperfective participle)
ꜥḥꜥw (active imperfective participle)
ꜥḥꜥj (active imperfective participle)
ꜥḥꜥ (imperfective participle passive)
ꜥḥꜥw (imperfective participle passive)
ꜥḥꜥ (active participle prospective)
ꜥḥꜥtj (active participle prospective)
ꜥḥꜥtj (participle prospective)
ꜥḥꜥt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

ꜥḥꜥt

ꜥḥꜥ, ꜥḥꜥy, ꜥḥꜥw5

ꜥḥꜥ, ꜥḥꜥw5, ꜥḥꜥy5

ꜥḥꜥ, ꜥḥꜥj6, ꜥḥꜥy6

ꜥḥꜥtj4, ꜥḥꜥt4

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲱϩⲉ (ōhe)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲟϩⲓ (ohi)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲱϩⲓ (ōhi), ⲁϩⲓ (ahi)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲱϩⲉ (ōhe)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲱϩⲉ (ōhe), ⲟϩⲉ (ohe)

(intransitive, with n or ḥr, Late Egyptian) to wait for (someone or something)

(intransitive, with n or ḥr, Late Egyptian) to lack, to be missing (something), to need


ꜥ

Demotic: ꜥ (“state, condition”)

Demotic:  (ꜥ.wy, “arms, portion, pair”)

desc

Bohairic Coptic: ⲏⲓ (ēi, “pair, couple”)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲏⲓ (ēi, “pair, couple”)

⇒ Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲛ- (an-, collective numeral prefix; place-name prefix)

⇒ Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲛ- (an-, collective numeral prefix; place-name prefix)

Possibly related to Proto-Semitic *yad- (“hand”).

(chiefly Late Egyptian) state, condition

(chiefly Late Egyptian, with following infinitive as a genitive) manner (of doing something, such as moving or flying)


ꜥ

(chiefly Late Egyptian) wooden shaft, particularly as a carriage pole or drawbar


j.

(chiefly Old Egyptian and Late Egyptian) Forms the imperative of biliteral verbs, and in Late Egyptian also of former triliteral and third-weak verbs that have been reduced to two radicals. Optional in Late Egyptian.

(chiefly Old Egyptian and Late Egyptian) Forms the subjunctive of biliteral verbs.


j.

(Late Egyptian) Forms the participles and relative forms of fientive (non-adjectival) biliteral verbs, triliteral and third-weak verbs that have been reduced to biliterals through sound change, fourth-weak verbs, and a few other triliteral verbs.


kꜣmn

k:A-mn:n-D6 4-lit. (canonical)
kꜣmn (infinitive)
kꜣmnw (infinitive negative)
kꜣmn (infinitive negative)
kꜣmnt (infinitive)
kꜣmn (imperative infinitive singular)
kꜣmn (imperative infinitive plural)
kꜣmn (stative)
ḥr kꜣmn (imperfective)
m kꜣmn (imperfective)
r kꜣmn (prospective)
kꜣmn.n (active perfect)
kꜣmnw (passive perfect)
kꜣmn (passive perfect)
kꜣmn.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
kꜣmnt (terminative)
kꜣmn (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
kꜣmn.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
kꜣmn (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
kꜣmnw (active prospective)
kꜣmn (active prospective)
kꜣmnw (passive prospective)
kꜣmn (passive prospective)
kꜣmn.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
kꜣmn (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
kꜣmn.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
kꜣmn (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
kꜣmn (active participle perfective)
kꜣmn (participle passive perfective)
kꜣmnw (participle passive perfective)
kꜣmny (participle passive perfective)
kꜣmn (active imperfective participle relative)
kꜣmny (active imperfective participle relative)
kꜣmnw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
kꜣmn (active imperfective participle)
kꜣmnj (active imperfective participle)
kꜣmny (active imperfective participle)
kꜣmn (imperfective participle passive)
kꜣmnw (imperfective participle passive)
kꜣmn (active participle prospective relative)
kꜣmntj (active participle prospective relative)
kꜣmnwtj (participle prospective)
kꜣmntj (participle prospective)
kꜣmnt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

kꜣmnt

kꜣmnw.tj1, kꜣmn.tj1, kꜣmnw.tw2, kꜣmn.tw2

desc

Old Coptic: ϭⲱⲛⲙ̄ (cōnm̄, “to be blinded”)

(intransitive, Late Egyptian, of the eyes) To be blind.

(transitive, Late Egyptian) To blind (someone).

(intransitive, Late Egyptian) Used in the phrase k:A-mn:n-D6-wa:a*Z1-D4:t*Z1*F51A, meaning blind in one eye.

(intransitive, Late Egyptian, of the earth during a storm) To be dark.


kꜣmn

kꜣmn (singular)
kꜣmnwj (dual)
kꜣmnw (plural)


nꜣ

n:A anaphoric demonstrative pronoun (canonical)
pn (determiner masculine proximal-to-speaker singular)
tn (determiner feminine proximal-to-speaker singular)
jpnj (determiner dual masculine proximal-to-speaker)
jptnj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-speaker)
jptntj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-speaker)
jpn (determiner masculine plural proximal-to-speaker)
jptn (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-speaker)
nn (pronoun proximal-to-speaker)
pf (determiner distal masculine singular)
tf (determiner distal feminine singular)
jpfj (determiner distal dual masculine)
jptfj (determiner distal dual feminine)
jptftj (determiner distal dual feminine)
jpf (determiner distal masculine plural)
jptf (determiner distal feminine plural)
nf (distal pronoun)
pj (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
pw (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
p (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
tj (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
tw (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
jpwj (determiner dual masculine proximal-to-topic)
jptwj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-topic)
jptwtj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-topic)
jpw (determiner masculine plural proximal-to-topic)
jptw (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-topic)
jptwt (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-topic)
nw (pronoun proximal-to-topic)
pꜣ (determiner masculine singular vocative)
tꜣ (determiner feminine singular vocative)
nꜣ (pronoun vocative)
ꜥꜣ (adverb vocative)
pn (determiner masculine pronoun proximal singular)
tn (determiner feminine pronoun proximal singular)
nn (determiner plural pronoun proximal)
ꜥn (adverb proximal)
pf (determiner distal masculine pronoun singular)
pfꜣ (determiner distal masculine pronoun singular)
tf (determiner distal feminine pronoun singular)
tfꜣ (determiner distal feminine pronoun singular)
nf (determiner distal plural pronoun)
nfꜣ (determiner distal plural pronoun)
ꜥf (adverb distal)
pw (determiner masculine pronoun singular)
pwy (determiner masculine pronoun singular)
tw (determiner feminine pronoun singular)
twy (determiner feminine pronoun singular)
nw (determiner plural pronoun)
pꜣ (anaphoric determiner masculine pronoun singular)
tꜣ (anaphoric determiner feminine pronoun singular)
nꜣ (anaphoric determiner plural pronoun)
ꜥꜣ (adverb anaphoric)
pꜣw (pronoun)
dj (pronoun)
pꜣj (determiner masculine pronoun)
tꜣj (determiner feminine pronoun)
nꜣj (determiner plural pronoun)
dj (determiner pronoun)
pꜣy (masculine)
tꜣy (feminine)
nꜣy (plural)
dj
p-n (masculine possessive pronoun)
pꜣ (masculine possessive pronoun)
t-nt (feminine possessive pronoun)
tꜣ (feminine possessive pronoun)
nꜣyw (plural possessive pronoun)
nꜣ (plural possessive pronoun)
dj (possessive pronoun)
pꜣ (article definite masculine)
tꜣ (article definite feminine)
nꜣ (article definite plural)
dj (article definite)
wꜥ (article indefinite)
nhꜣy (article indefinite plural)
dj (article indefinite)

Demotic: nꜣ

q

Coptic: ⲛ- (n-), ⲛ̄- (n̄-) (Sahidic, Fayyumic, Akhmimic, Lycopolitan), ⲛⲉ- (ne-) (Sahidic, Fayyumic, Lycopolitan), ⲛⲓ- (ni-) (Bohairic, Fayyumic)

(Late Egyptian) the plural definite article; the

(Late Egyptian, with following noun) those of, these of


šzp

Szp-p:D40 3-lit. (canonical)
šzp (infinitive)
šzpw (infinitive negative)
šzp (infinitive negative)
šzpt (infinitive)
šzp (imperative infinitive singular)
šzp (imperative infinitive plural)
šzp (stative)
ḥr šzp (imperfective)
m šzp (imperfective)
r šzp (prospective)
šzp.n (active perfect)
šzpw (passive perfect)
šzp (passive perfect)
šzp.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
šzpt (terminative)
šzp (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
šzp.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
šzp (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
šzp (active prospective)
šzpp (passive prospective)
šzp.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
šzp (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
šzp.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
šzp (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
šzp (active participle perfective)
šzp (participle passive perfective)
šzpw (participle passive perfective)
šzpy (participle passive perfective)
šzp (active imperfective participle relative)
šzpy (active imperfective participle relative)
šzpw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
šzp (active imperfective participle)
šzpj (active imperfective participle)
šzpy (active imperfective participle)
šzp (imperfective participle passive)
šzpw (imperfective participle passive)
šzp (active participle prospective relative)
šzptj (active participle prospective relative)
šzptj (participle prospective)
šzpt (participle prospective)

Demotic: šp

Coptic: ϣⲱⲡ (šōp)

(intransitive with m or transitive, chiefly Late Egyptian) to accept, to admit (a delivery) (+ m: from (a place); + m-dj: from (someone))


jmj

Demotic: my, mꜥy, jw.my

Coptic: ⲙ- (m-)

(Late Egyptian, with following verb in the subjunctive-prospective) forms the causative imperative


bw

Ehret hypothesizes an origin in Proto-Afroasiatic *bǔ (“place”) and compares Arabic بِـ (bi-, “in, with, by”); as with other attempts at reconstructing Proto-Afroasiatic, academic consensus is lacking.


bw

Coptic: ⲙⲉ⸗ (me⸗)

Related to (and probably developed from) earlier nj (“not”). The spelling with b- may reflect a graphic phenomenon rather than a sound change. Compare the Late Egyptian development of bn from Earlier Egyptian nn.

(Late Egyptian, with following verb in the sdm.f form) not; forms the negative aorist of verbs

(Late Egyptian, with following verb in the sdmt.f form (from the Middle Egyptian terminative)) not yet

(Late Egyptian, chiefly literary, with following verb in the sdm.f form) not; forms the negative preterite of verbs


bꜣjr

bꜣjr (singular)
bꜣjrwj (dual)
bꜣjrw (plural)

> Demotic: br (inherited)

desctree

> Coptic: ⲃⲁⲁⲣⲉ (baare), ⲃⲁⲣⲓ (bari) — Bohairic (inherited)
→ Ancient Greek: βᾶρις (bâris)
→ English: baris (learned)
→ Latin: bāris (see there for further descendants)

(Late Egyptian) baris (a type of flat-bottomed freighter used on the Nile)


ꜥḥꜣwtj

ꜥḥꜣwtj (singular)
ꜥḥꜣwtjwj (dual)
ꜥḥꜣwtjw (plural)

Demotic: ḥwt(j)

Akhmimic Coptic: ϩⲁⲩⲧ (haut)

Bohairic Coptic: ϩⲱⲟⲩⲧ (hōout)

Fayyumic Coptic: ϩⲁⲟⲩⲧ (haout)

Old Coptic: ϩⲟⲟⲩⲛⲧ (hoount)

Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲟⲟⲩⲧ (hoout)

(Late Egyptian, often attributive) male
man, male human

(Late Egyptian, often attributive) male
gander

(Late Egyptian, often attributive) male
male god


ꜥḥꜣwtj

(Late Egyptian, intransitive) to be(come) quarrelsome, to quarrel (+ m-dj: to quarrel with (someone))


wḏꜣt

wḏꜣt (singular)
wḏꜣtj (dual)
wḏꜣwt (plural)

From wḏꜣ (“to be intact”) + -t (“feminine ending”).

suffix

(Late Egyptian) a volumetric measure of grain, possibly equivalent to the ḥqꜣt (“heqat”)


ẖnw

Xn:n-nw-w-pr (canonical masculine)
ẖnw (singular)
ẖnwwj (dual)
ẖnww (plural)

Demotic:  (ẖn)

Akhmimic Coptic: ⳉⲟⲩⲛ (xoun)

Bohairic Coptic: ϧⲟⲩⲛ (xoun)

Fayyumic Coptic: ϩⲟⲩⲛ (houn)

Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲟⲩⲛ (houn)

(Late Egyptian, as a genitive modifying another noun) inner, covering the interior


prj

pr:r-D54 3ae inf. (canonical)
prt (infinitive)
prj (infinitive)
prw (infinitive negative)
pr (infinitive negative)
prwt (infinitive)
pryt (infinitive)
pr (imperative infinitive singular)
pr (imperative infinitive plural)
pry (imperative infinitive plural)
pr (stative)
prr (stative)
ḥr prt (imperfective)
ḥr prj (imperfective)
m prt (imperfective)
m prj (imperfective)
r prt (prospective)
r prj (prospective)
pr.n (active perfect)
pr.jn (active consecutive contingent)
prt (active terminative)
pryt (active terminative)
pr (active perfective)
pr.ḫr (active obligative)
pr (active imperfective)
pry (active imperfective)
prw (active prospective)
pr (active prospective)
pry (active prospective)
pr.kꜣ (active potential)
pr (active subjunctive)
pry (active subjunctive)
pr.n (active participle perfect)
prw (active participle perfective)
pry (active participle perfective)
pr (active participle perfective)
pry (participle passive perfective)
pr (participle passive perfective)
prr (active imperfective participle)
prry (active imperfective participle)
prrw (active imperfective participle)
prrj (active imperfective participle)
prr (imperfective participle passive)
prrw (imperfective participle passive)
prw (active participle prospective)
pry (active participle prospective)
pr (active participle prospective)
prtj (active participle prospective)
prwtj (participle prospective)
prtj (participle prospective)
prt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

prt, pryt

prw.tj1, pr.tj1, pry.tj1, prw.tw2, pr.tw2, pry.tw2

Bohairic Coptic: ⲫⲓⲣⲓ (phiri)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲡⲉⲓⲣⲉ (peire)

Possibly from Proto-Afroasiatic *par-/*pir- (“to go out”).

inh

(intransitive, Late Egyptian, of land) to emerge or reappear after a flood, to no longer be flooded


gꜣš

gꜣš (singular)
gꜣšwj (dual)
gꜣšw (plural)

Demotic:  (gš)

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲕⲉϣ (keš)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲕⲁϣ (kaš)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲕⲉϣ (keš)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲕⲁϣ (kaš)


smn

s-mn:n-Y1V caus. 2-lit. (canonical)
smnt (infinitive)
smn (infinitive)
smnw (infinitive negative)
smn (infinitive negative)
smn (imperative infinitive singular)
smn (imperative infinitive plural)
smn (stative)
ḥr smn (imperfective)
m smn (imperfective)
r smn (prospective)
smn.n (active perfect)
smnw (passive perfect)
smn (passive perfect)
smn.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
smnt (terminative)
smn (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
smn.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
smn (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
smnw (active prospective)
smn (active prospective)
smny (active prospective)
smnw (passive prospective)
smn (passive prospective)
smny (passive prospective)
smn.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
smn (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
smn.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
smn (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
smn (active participle perfective)
smn (participle passive perfective)
smnw (participle passive perfective)
smny (participle passive perfective)
smn (active imperfective participle relative)
smny (active imperfective participle relative)
smnw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
smn (active imperfective participle)
smnj (active imperfective participle)
smny (active imperfective participle)
smn (imperfective participle passive)
smnw (imperfective participle passive)
smn (active participle prospective relative)
smntj (active participle prospective relative)
smnwtj (participle prospective)
smntj (participle prospective)
smnt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-caus-x-lit

causative biliteral / caus. 2-lit. / caus. 2rad.

egy-conj-table

smnt

smnw.tj1, smn.tj1, smny.tj1, smnw.tw2, smn.tw2, smny.tw2

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲥⲙⲓⲛⲉ (smine)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲥⲉⲙⲛⲓ (semni)

desc

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲥⲉⲙⲛⲓ (semni), ⲥⲙⲓⲛⲓ (smini)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲥⲙⲛⲛⲉ (smnne)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲙⲓⲛⲉ (smine)

s- (causative prefix) + mn (“to be established, to remain”).

af

(intransitive, Late Egyptian) to stand still, to not move

(intransitive, Late Egyptian) to hold position in battle (+ r ḥꜣt: in the face of; + ḥr: on (the battlefield))

(intransitive, Late Egyptian) to halt, to stop moving

(intransitive, Late Egyptian) to stick, to stay, to remain fixed, to endure

(intransitive, Late Egyptian) to dwell, to stay in a place

(intransitive, Late Egyptian) to be found at a place


ntw

egy-pron

n:t*W-Z3 pl 3. stressed (‘independent’) pronoun

n:t*W-Z3 pl 3. stressed pronoun (canonical)
.k (masculine pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.kj (masculine pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.ṯ (feminine pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.ṯn (feminine pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.f (masculine pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.fj (masculine pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.s (feminine pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.sj (feminine pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.nj (dual first-person pronoun suffix)
.ṯnj (dual feminine masculine pronoun second-person suffix)
.snj (dual feminine masculine pronoun suffix third-person)
.n (first-person plural pronoun suffix)
.ṯn (feminine masculine plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.sn (feminine masculine plural pronoun suffix third-person)
w (enclitic first-person pronoun singular)
wj (enclitic first-person pronoun singular)
wy (enclitic first-person pronoun singular)
kw (enclitic masculine pronoun second-person singular)
k (enclitic masculine pronoun second-person singular)
ṯw (enclitic masculine pronoun second-person singular)
ṯ (enclitic masculine pronoun second-person singular)
ṯm (enclitic feminine pronoun second-person singular)
ṯn (enclitic feminine pronoun second-person singular)
sw (enclitic masculine pronoun singular third-person)
s (enclitic masculine pronoun singular third-person)
s (enclitic feminine pronoun singular third-person)
ṯnj (dual enclitic feminine masculine pronoun second-person)
snj (dual enclitic feminine masculine pronoun third-person)
n (enclitic first-person plural pronoun)
ṯn (enclitic feminine masculine plural pronoun second-person)
sn (enclitic feminine masculine plural pronoun third-person)
jnk (first-person pronoun singular stressed)
ṯwt (masculine pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ṯmt (feminine pronoun second-person singular stressed)
swt (masculine pronoun singular stressed third-person)
stt (feminine pronoun singular stressed third-person)
ntsnj (dual feminine masculine pronoun stressed third-person)
ntṯn (feminine masculine plural pronoun second-person stressed)
ntsn (feminine masculine plural pronoun stressed third-person)
jntsn (feminine masculine plural pronoun stressed third-person)
.kj (first-person singular stative)
.k (first-person singular stative)
.tj (feminine masculine second-person singular stative)
.t (feminine masculine second-person singular stative)
.tj (feminine singular stative third-person)
.t (feminine singular stative third-person)
.tjwn (dual feminine masculine second-person stative)
.wy (dual masculine stative third-person)
.wj (dual masculine stative third-person)
.ty (dual feminine stative third-person)
.wn (first-person plural stative)
.nw (first-person plural stative)
.tjwn (feminine masculine plural second-person stative)
.w (masculine plural stative third-person)
.y (masculine plural stative third-person)
.wy (masculine plural stative third-person)
.tj (feminine plural stative third-person)
.t (feminine plural stative third-person)
.k (masculine pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.kj (masculine pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.ṯ (feminine pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.t (feminine pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.f (masculine pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.fj (masculine pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.s (feminine pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.sj (feminine pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.nj (dual first-person pronoun suffix)
.ṯnj (dual feminine masculine pronoun second-person suffix)
.tnj (dual feminine masculine pronoun second-person suffix)
.snj (dual feminine masculine pronoun suffix third-person)
.n (first-person plural pronoun suffix)
.ṯn (feminine masculine plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.tn (feminine masculine plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.sn (feminine masculine plural pronoun suffix third-person)
.w (feminine masculine plural pronoun suffix third-person)
wj (enclitic first-person pronoun singular)
w (enclitic first-person pronoun singular)
ṯw (enclitic masculine pronoun second-person singular)
tw (enclitic masculine pronoun second-person singular)
ṯn (enclitic feminine pronoun second-person singular)
tn (enclitic feminine pronoun second-person singular)
sw (enclitic masculine pronoun singular third-person)
st (enclitic masculine pronoun singular third-person)
sj (enclitic feminine pronoun singular third-person)
s (enclitic feminine pronoun singular third-person)
st (enclitic feminine pronoun singular third-person)
n (enclitic first-person plural pronoun)
ṯn (enclitic feminine masculine plural pronoun second-person)
tn (enclitic feminine masculine plural pronoun second-person)
sn (enclitic feminine masculine plural pronoun third-person)
st (enclitic feminine masculine plural pronoun third-person)
jnk (first-person pronoun singular stressed)
ntk (masculine pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ṯwt (masculine pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ntṯ (feminine pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ntt (feminine pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ṯwt (feminine pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ntf (masculine pronoun singular stressed third-person)
swt (masculine pronoun singular stressed third-person)
nts (feminine pronoun singular stressed third-person)
swt (feminine pronoun singular stressed third-person)
jnn (first-person plural pronoun stressed)
ntṯn (feminine masculine plural pronoun second-person stressed)
nttn (feminine masculine plural pronoun second-person stressed)
ntsn (feminine masculine plural pronoun stressed third-person)
.kw (first-person singular stative)
.tj (feminine masculine second-person singular stative)
.t (feminine masculine second-person singular stative)
.tw (feminine masculine second-person singular stative)
.tj (feminine singular stative third-person)
.t (feminine singular stative third-person)
.tw (feminine singular stative third-person)
.wn (first-person plural stative)
.wjn (first-person plural stative)
.tjwn (feminine masculine plural second-person stative)
.tjwnj (feminine masculine plural second-person stative)
.w (feminine masculine plural stative third-person)
.y (feminine masculine plural stative third-person)
tw.j (first-person proclitic pronoun singular)
tw.k (masculine proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
tw.t (feminine proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
sw (masculine proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
sj (feminine proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
st (feminine proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
tw.n (first-person plural proclitic pronoun)
tw.tn (feminine masculine plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
st (feminine masculine plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
.k (masculine pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.kw (masculine pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.t (feminine pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.f (masculine pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.fj (masculine pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.s (feminine pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.st (feminine pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.sw (feminine pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.n (first-person plural pronoun suffix)
.tn (feminine masculine plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.twn (feminine masculine plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.w (feminine masculine plural pronoun suffix third-person)
.sn (feminine masculine plural pronoun suffix third-person)
wj (enclitic first-person pronoun singular)
tw (enclitic feminine masculine pronoun second-person singular)
tj (enclitic feminine masculine pronoun second-person singular)
sw (enclitic feminine masculine pronoun singular third-person)
st (enclitic feminine masculine pronoun singular third-person)
n (enclitic first-person plural pronoun)
wn (enclitic first-person plural pronoun)
twn (enclitic feminine masculine plural pronoun second-person)
sn (enclitic feminine masculine plural pronoun third-person)
st (enclitic feminine masculine plural pronoun third-person)
jnk (first-person pronoun singular stressed)
mntk (masculine pronoun second-person singular stressed)
mtwk (masculine pronoun second-person singular stressed)
mntt (feminine pronoun second-person singular stressed)
mtwy (feminine pronoun second-person singular stressed)
mntf (masculine pronoun singular stressed third-person)
mntst (feminine pronoun singular stressed third-person)
mntjst (feminine pronoun singular stressed third-person)
jnn (first-person plural pronoun stressed)
mnttn (feminine masculine plural pronoun second-person stressed)
mntw (feminine masculine plural pronoun stressed third-person)
.kw (first-person singular stative)
.k (first-person singular stative)
.tj (feminine masculine second-person singular stative)
.tw (feminine masculine second-person singular stative)
.w (masculine singular stative third-person)
.y (masculine singular stative third-person)
.tj (feminine singular stative third-person)
.tw (feminine singular stative third-person)
.nw (first-person plural stative)
.tn (feminine masculine plural second-person stative)
.w (feminine masculine plural stative third-person)
.y (feminine masculine plural stative third-person)
tw.j (first-person proclitic pronoun singular)
tw.k (masculine proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
tw.t (feminine proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
sw (masculine proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
st (feminine proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
sw (feminine proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
tw.n (first-person plural proclitic pronoun)
tw.tn (feminine masculine plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
st (feminine masculine plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
sw (feminine masculine plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
swt (feminine masculine plural proclitic pronoun third-person)

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲛⲧⲁⲩ (ntau)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲛⲑⲱⲟⲩ (nthōou)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲛⲧⲁⲩ (ntau)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ (ntoou)

(Late Egyptian) they, them (see usage notes)


r ḏd

Coptic: ϫⲉ- (če-)

compound

infinitive of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">ḏd</i> (“to say”)

(Late Egyptian) introduces an object clause following verbs of speech and perception; that


ꜣbj

Ab-b-A2 3ae inf. (canonical)
ꜣbt (infinitive)
ꜣbj (infinitive)
ꜣbw (infinitive negative)
ꜣb (infinitive negative)
ꜣbwt (infinitive)
ꜣbyt (infinitive)
ꜣb (imperative infinitive singular)
ꜣb (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜣby (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜣb (stative)
ꜣbb (stative)
ḥr ꜣbt (imperfective)
ḥr ꜣbj (imperfective)
m ꜣbt (imperfective)
m ꜣbj (imperfective)
r ꜣbt (prospective)
r ꜣbj (prospective)
ꜣb.n (active perfect)
ꜣbw (passive perfect)
ꜣb (passive perfect)
ꜣby (passive perfect)
ꜣb.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ꜣbt (terminative)
ꜣbyt (terminative)
ꜣb (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ꜣb.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ꜣb (active imperfective)
ꜣby (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ꜣbw (active prospective)
ꜣb (active prospective)
ꜣby (active prospective)
ꜣbw (passive prospective)
ꜣb (passive prospective)
ꜣby (passive prospective)
ꜣb.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ꜣb (active subjunctive)
ꜣby (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ꜣb.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ꜣbw (active participle perfective relative)
ꜣby (active participle perfective relative)
ꜣb (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ꜣb (active participle perfective)
ꜣby (participle passive perfective)
ꜣb (participle passive perfective)
ꜣbb (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜣbby (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜣbbw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ꜣbb (active imperfective participle)
ꜣbbj (active imperfective participle)
ꜣbby (active imperfective participle)
ꜣbb (imperfective participle passive)
ꜣbbw (imperfective participle passive)
ꜣbw (active participle prospective relative)
ꜣby (active participle prospective relative)
ꜣb (active participle prospective relative)
ꜣbtj (active participle prospective relative)
ꜣbwtj (participle prospective)
ꜣbtj (participle prospective)
ꜣbt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

ꜣbt, ꜣbyt

ꜣbw.tj1, ꜣb.tj1, ꜣby.tj1, ꜣbw.tw2, ꜣb.tw2, ꜣby.tw2

Borrowed from Proto-Semitic *ʔabay-. Compare Hebrew אבה (ʾāḇā, “to be willing”).

(intransitive, with m, Late Egyptian) to take pleasure at, to be happy about


ḫnd

x:n-d:y-Y1-A24 3-lit. (canonical)
ḫnd (infinitive)
ḫndw (infinitive negative)
ḫnd (infinitive negative)
ḫndt (infinitive)
ḫnd (imperative infinitive singular)
ḫnd (imperative infinitive plural)
ḫnd (stative)
ḥr ḫnd (imperfective)
m ḫnd (imperfective)
r ḫnd (prospective)
ḫnd.n (active perfect)
ḫndw (passive perfect)
ḫnd (passive perfect)
ḫnd.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ḫndt (terminative)
ḫnd (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ḫnd.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ḫnd (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ḫnd (active prospective)
ḫndd (passive prospective)
ḫnd.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ḫnd (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ḫnd.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ḫnd (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ḫnd (active participle perfective)
ḫnd (participle passive perfective)
ḫndw (participle passive perfective)
ḫndy (participle passive perfective)
ḫnd (active imperfective participle relative)
ḫndy (active imperfective participle relative)
ḫndw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ḫnd (active imperfective participle)
ḫndj (active imperfective participle)
ḫndy (active imperfective participle)
ḫnd (imperfective participle passive)
ḫndw (imperfective participle passive)
ḫnd (active participle prospective relative)
ḫndtj (active participle prospective relative)
ḫndtj (participle prospective)
ḫndt (participle prospective)

Coptic: ϣⲱⲛⲧ (šōnt)

(transitive, Late Egyptian) to plait, to entwine (mats or wreaths)


ḥbs

ḥbs (singular)
ḥbswj (dual)
ḥbsw (plural)

Demotic: ḥbs

Akhmimic Coptic: ϩⲃⲟⲟⲥ (hboos)

desc

Bohairic Coptic: ϩⲃⲟⲥ (hbos), ϩⲃⲱⲥ (hbōs)

Fayyumic Coptic: ϩⲃⲁⲥ (hbas)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ϩⲃⲟⲟⲥ (hboos), ϩⲃⲁⲥ (hbas)

Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲃⲟⲟⲥ (hboos), ϩⲃⲟⲥ (hbos), ϩⲃⲱⲥ (hbōs)

Compare Arabic حَبَّسَ (ḥabbasa), Hebrew חָבַשׁ (ḥāḇáš).

cog

Hebrew חָבַשׁ (ḥāḇáš)


m-bjꜣt

(Late Egyptian, followed by a sentence negated with bn) on the contrary, no


stp-zꜣ

stp-zꜣ (singular)
stpwj-zꜣ (dual)
stpw-zꜣ (plural)

(Late Egyptian) the judgement hall in the afterlife


jhm

i-h-m-nDs 3-lit. (canonical)
jhm (infinitive)
jhmw (infinitive negative)
jhm (infinitive negative)
jhmt (infinitive)
jhm (imperative infinitive singular)
jhm (imperative infinitive plural)
jhm (stative)
ḥr jhm (imperfective)
m jhm (imperfective)
r jhm (prospective)
jhm.n (active perfect)
jhmw (passive perfect)
jhm (passive perfect)
jhm.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
jhmt (terminative)
jhm (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
jhm.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
jhm (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
jhm (active prospective)
jhmm (passive prospective)
jhm.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
jhm (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
jhm.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
jhm (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
jhm (active participle perfective)
jhm (participle passive perfective)
jhmw (participle passive perfective)
jhmy (participle passive perfective)
jhm (active imperfective participle relative)
jhmy (active imperfective participle relative)
jhmw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
jhm (active imperfective participle)
jhmj (active imperfective participle)
jhmy (active imperfective participle)
jhm (imperfective participle passive)
jhmw (imperfective participle passive)
jhm (active participle prospective relative)
jhmtj (active participle prospective relative)
jhmtj (participle prospective)
jhmt (participle prospective)

Demotic: jhm, jḥm

(intransitive, Late Egyptian) to mourn or be sad in general (not only of the heart)


pꜣw

G41-A-W demonstrative pronoun (canonical)
pn (determiner masculine proximal-to-speaker singular)
tn (determiner feminine proximal-to-speaker singular)
jpnj (determiner dual masculine proximal-to-speaker)
jptnj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-speaker)
jptntj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-speaker)
jpn (determiner masculine plural proximal-to-speaker)
jptn (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-speaker)
nn (pronoun proximal-to-speaker)
pf (determiner distal masculine singular)
tf (determiner distal feminine singular)
jpfj (determiner distal dual masculine)
jptfj (determiner distal dual feminine)
jptftj (determiner distal dual feminine)
jpf (determiner distal masculine plural)
jptf (determiner distal feminine plural)
nf (distal pronoun)
pj (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
pw (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
p (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
tj (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
tw (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
jpwj (determiner dual masculine proximal-to-topic)
jptwj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-topic)
jptwtj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-topic)
jpw (determiner masculine plural proximal-to-topic)
jptw (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-topic)
jptwt (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-topic)
nw (pronoun proximal-to-topic)
pꜣ (determiner masculine singular vocative)
tꜣ (determiner feminine singular vocative)
nꜣ (pronoun vocative)
ꜥꜣ (adverb vocative)
pn (determiner masculine pronoun proximal singular)
tn (determiner feminine pronoun proximal singular)
nn (determiner plural pronoun proximal)
ꜥn (adverb proximal)
pf (determiner distal masculine pronoun singular)
pfꜣ (determiner distal masculine pronoun singular)
tf (determiner distal feminine pronoun singular)
tfꜣ (determiner distal feminine pronoun singular)
nf (determiner distal plural pronoun)
nfꜣ (determiner distal plural pronoun)
ꜥf (adverb distal)
pw (determiner masculine pronoun singular)
pwy (determiner masculine pronoun singular)
tw (determiner feminine pronoun singular)
twy (determiner feminine pronoun singular)
nw (determiner plural pronoun)
pꜣ (anaphoric determiner masculine pronoun singular)
tꜣ (anaphoric determiner feminine pronoun singular)
nꜣ (anaphoric determiner plural pronoun)
ꜥꜣ (adverb anaphoric)
pꜣw (pronoun)
dj (pronoun)
pꜣj (determiner masculine pronoun)
tꜣj (determiner feminine pronoun)
nꜣj (determiner plural pronoun)
dj (determiner pronoun)
pꜣy (masculine)
tꜣy (feminine)
nꜣy (plural)
dj
p-n (masculine possessive pronoun)
pꜣ (masculine possessive pronoun)
t-nt (feminine possessive pronoun)
tꜣ (feminine possessive pronoun)
nꜣyw (plural possessive pronoun)
nꜣ (plural possessive pronoun)
dj (possessive pronoun)
pꜣ (article definite masculine)
tꜣ (article definite feminine)
nꜣ (article definite plural)
dj (article definite)
wꜥ (article indefinite)
nhꜣy (article indefinite plural)
dj (article indefinite)

(Late Egyptian) this, that, these, those


ḏꜣyw

ḏꜣyw (singular)
ḏꜣywwj (dual)
ḏꜣyww (plural)


yꜣ

Demotic: jwy

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲉⲓⲁ (eia)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲓⲉ (ie)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲉⲓⲉ (eie), ⲉⲉⲓⲉ (eeie)

Possibly a New Kingdom descendant of earlier ꜣ (intensifying particle). However, unlike that particle, yꜣ is not enclitic. It may have instead come from a contracted jw (clause-initial particle) + ꜣ (intensifying particle).

af

(Late Egyptian) affirmative particle; really, indeed, but


ꜣwj ḏrt r

ꜣwj (“to extend (a hand)”) + ḏrt (“hand”) + r (“toward”).

(Late Egyptian) to lay hands on (someone) hostilely, to do violence to


ꜥš

a:S-A2 2-lit. (canonical)
ꜥš (infinitive)
ꜥšw (infinitive negative)
ꜥš (infinitive negative)
ꜥšt (infinitive)
ꜥš (imperative infinitive singular)
j.ꜥš (imperative infinitive singular)
ꜥš (imperative infinitive plural)
j.ꜥš (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜥš (stative)
ḥr ꜥš (imperfective)
m ꜥš (imperfective)
r ꜥš (prospective)
ꜥš.n (active perfect)
ꜥšw (passive perfect)
ꜥš (passive perfect)
ꜥš.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ꜥšt (terminative)
ꜥš (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ꜥš.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ꜥš (active imperfective)
j.ꜥš (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ꜥš (active prospective)
ꜥšš (passive prospective)
ꜥš.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ꜥš (active subjunctive)
j.ꜥš (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ꜥš.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ꜥš (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ꜥš (active participle perfective)
ꜥšš (participle passive perfective)
ꜥššj (participle passive perfective)
ꜥš (participle passive perfective)
ꜥšw (participle passive perfective)
ꜥšy (participle passive perfective)
j.ꜥš (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜥš (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜥšy (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜥšw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.ꜥš (active imperfective participle)
j.ꜥšw (active imperfective participle)
ꜥš (active imperfective participle)
ꜥšj (active imperfective participle)
ꜥšy (active imperfective participle)
ꜥš (imperfective participle passive)
ꜥšw (imperfective participle passive)
ꜥš (active participle prospective relative)
ꜥštj (active participle prospective relative)
ꜥštj (participle prospective)
ꜥšt (participle prospective)

Demotic: ꜥš

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲱϣ (ōš)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲱϣ (ōš)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲱϣ (ōš)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲱϣ (ōš)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲱϣ (ōš)

(transitive, Late Egyptian) to specify, to provide (a name), to name names

(transitive, Late Egyptian) to read (something) aloud


jw.s pw

jw (imperfective relative form of jwj (“to come”)) + .s (“she, it”) + pw (“this is...”), literally ‘it is that it comes’.

imperfective relative form of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">jwj</i> (“to come”)

(Late Egyptian) formulaic statement made in the colophon or conclusion of a literary text; that’s how it goes, the end


sḫm

s-sxm-x-m 3-lit. (canonical)
sḫm (infinitive)
sḫmw (infinitive negative)
sḫm (infinitive negative)
sḫmt (infinitive)
sḫm (imperative infinitive singular)
sḫm (imperative infinitive plural)
sḫm (stative)
ḥr sḫm (imperfective)
m sḫm (imperfective)
r sḫm (prospective)
sḫm.n (active perfect)
sḫm.jn (active consecutive contingent)
sḫmt (active terminative)
sḫm (active perfective)
sḫm.ḫr (active obligative)
sḫm (active imperfective)
sḫm (active prospective)
sḫm.kꜣ (active potential)
sḫm (active subjunctive)
sḫm.n (active participle perfect)
sḫm (active participle perfective)
sḫm (participle passive perfective)
sḫmw (participle passive perfective)
sḫmy (participle passive perfective)
sḫm (active imperfective participle)
sḫmy (active imperfective participle)
sḫmw (active imperfective participle)
sḫmj (active imperfective participle)
sḫm (imperfective participle passive)
sḫmw (imperfective participle passive)
sḫm (active participle prospective)
sḫmtj (active participle prospective)
sḫmtj (participle prospective)
sḫmt (participle prospective)

[chiefly Pyramid Texts to Middle Kingdom]

(intransitive, with m, Late Egyptian, of sleep) to overpower, to overtake (the body)


jꜣwt

(Late Egyptian) Alternative form of ꜥwt (“four-legged animals, herds”)


ꜥn

Demotic: ꜥn, jn

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲁⲛ (an)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲟⲛ (on)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲁⲛ (an)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲁⲛ (an)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲛ (on)

(Late Egyptian) back, to a previous condition or place

(Late Egyptian) furthermore, in addition

(Late Egyptian, negated) nevermore, never again


m ḏd

(chiefly Late Egyptian) introduces a direct quotation; saying, with the words, as follows


ḏbꜣ

DbA-b-Y1 3-lit. (canonical)
ḏbꜣ (infinitive)
ḏbꜣw (infinitive negative)
ḏbꜣ (infinitive negative)
ḏbꜣt (infinitive)
ḏbꜣ (imperative infinitive singular)
ḏbꜣ (imperative infinitive plural)
ḏbꜣ (stative)
ḥr ḏbꜣ (imperfective)
m ḏbꜣ (imperfective)
r ḏbꜣ (prospective)
ḏbꜣ.n (active perfect)
ḏbꜣw (passive perfect)
ḏbꜣ (passive perfect)
ḏbꜣ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ḏbꜣt (terminative)
ḏbꜣ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ḏbꜣ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ḏbꜣ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ḏbꜣ (active prospective)
ḏbꜣꜣ (passive prospective)
ḏbꜣ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ḏbꜣ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ḏbꜣ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ḏbꜣ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ḏbꜣ (active participle perfective)
ḏbꜣ (participle passive perfective)
ḏbꜣw (participle passive perfective)
ḏbꜣy (participle passive perfective)
ḏbꜣ (active imperfective participle relative)
ḏbꜣy (active imperfective participle relative)
ḏbꜣw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ḏbꜣ (active imperfective participle)
ḏbꜣj (active imperfective participle)
ḏbꜣy (active imperfective participle)
ḏbꜣ (imperfective participle passive)
ḏbꜣw (imperfective participle passive)
ḏbꜣ (active participle prospective relative)
ḏbꜣtj (active participle prospective relative)
ḏbꜣtj (participle prospective)
ḏbꜣt (participle prospective)

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲧⲟⲩⲟⲩⲃⲉ (touoube)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲧⲱⲃ (tōb)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲧⲱⲱⲃⲓ (tōōbi)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲧⲱⲃⲉ (tōbe)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲧⲱⲱⲃⲉ (tōōbe)

(transitive, Late Egyptian) to buy (something)


jꜣbj

Perhaps related to jb (“heart”). Suffixed with -j (nisba ending).


ṯwfj

Demotic: ḏwf

Sahidic Coptic: ϫⲟⲟⲩϥ (čoouf)

desc

Bohairic Coptic: ϭⲟⲛϥ (conf), ϭⲟⲙϥ (comf)

→ Hebrew: סוּף

(Late Egyptian, uncountable) papyrus plant(s)

(Late Egyptian, uncountable) area where papyrus grows; papyrus marsh