wench

Sranan Tongo: wenke

The noun is derived from Middle English wench, wenche (“female baby; girl (especially unmarried); maiden, young woman; bondwoman; serving maid; beloved, sweetheart; concubine, mistress; harlot, prostitute”) [and other forms], a shortened form of Middle English wenchel (“girl; maiden; child”), from Old English wenċel, winċel (“child; servant; slave”), from Proto-Germanic *wankilą, from Proto-Germanic *wankijaną (“to sway; waver”). The English word is cognate with Old High German wenken (“to waver; to give way, yield”), wankōn (“to totter”).
The verb is derived from the noun.

cog

Nancy Basset, 28, likely wench, mulatto / Proved to be free. / Certified free as per General Birch Certificate. / / Patience Jackson, 23, very likely wench, mulatto / Says she was born free Rhode Island. / Certified free as per General Birch Certificate.

1776–1787, Carmelita Robertson, Elizabeth E. D. Eve, Black Loyalists of Nova Scotia: Tracing the History of Tracadie Loyalists, 1776–87 (Curatorial Report; no. 91), Halifax, N.S.: History Section, Nova Scotia Museum, Department of Tourism & Culture, published 2000, →ISBN:

Now, I bought a gal once, when I was in the trade,—a tight, likely wench she was, too, and quite considerable smart— [...]

1851 June – 1852 April, Harriet Beecher Stowe, “[Eliza’s Escape]”, in Uncle Tom’s Cabin; or, Life among the Lowly, volume I, Boston, Mass.: John P[unchard] Jewett & Company; Cleveland, Oh.: Jewett, Proctor & Worthington, published 20 March 1852, →OCLC, page 100:

A colored girl […] was fined ten dollars in the Freedman's Court yesterday, for being drunk and disorderly. Not having the money in her possession, she requested that a guard be sent with her to her residence to procure it. The Provost allowed a guard to wait on the wench, who, as soon as she found herself inside of her own door, locked it, and left the poor guard outside without the money. He returned to court without either the wench or fine.

1866 March 2, “Sharp Wench”, in The Appeal, St. Paul, Minneapolis, Minn.: Parker, Burgett & Hardy, →OCLC, page 3; quoted in Hannah Rosen, “Notes”, in Terror in the Heart of Freedom: Citizenship, Sexual Violence, and the Meaning of Race in the Postemancipation South (Gender and American Culture), Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 2009, →ISBN, footnote 186, page 282:

So complete was this illusion, claims [Eric] Lott, that many audience members, including Mark Twain's mother, believed they were seeing authentic, biologically black performers on New York stages. Of course, wench characters seem to especially test the bounds of authentic performance. Played by men, wenches were nonetheless read by audiences as beautiful women: [...] [E]xtant photographs and engravings of wench performers do not always represent them as blacked up, […] In antebellum minstrel shows, wench songs were most often sung about mulatto women rather than by them.

2014, Kirsten Pullen, “Light Egyptian: Lena Horne and the Representation of Black Femininity”, in Like a Natural Woman: Spectacular Female Performance in Classical Hollywood, New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, →ISBN, pages 106–107:

(US, archaic or historical) A black woman (of any age), especially if in a condition of servitude.


nancy

From Nancy, pet form of the female given names Agnes and Anne, under influence from earlier nan (“serving girl, maid; male homosexual”), itself from Nan, another pet form of the same names. Compare Mary.

(British, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, US, derogatory, slang, offensive) An effeminate man, especially a homosexual.


utilize

en-verb

utilize (third-person singular simple present utilizes, present participle utilizing, simple past and past participle utilized)

utilizes (present singular third-person)
utilizing (participle present)
utilized (participle past)
utilized (past)
utilise (alternative)

[ˈjʉː.ɾə.lɑɪz]

From French utiliser, from Italian utilizzare, from utile (“useful”), from Latin ūtilis, from ūtī (“use”).

(US, Canada, Oxford British English) Alternative spelling of utilise.


loogie

Unknown; possibly from Luger, Lou, Lue or Louie; possibly from the name of the baseball player Lou Gehrig (from the habit of baseball players of spitting); possible variant of booger.

to hock a loogie

(US, slang) A thick quantity of sputum, usually containing phlegm.

(US, slang) Any thick, disgusting liquid.


barge

From Middle English barge, borrowed from Old French barge (“boat”), from Vulgar Latin *barga, a variant of Late Latin barca, a regular syncope of Vulgar Latin *barica, from Classical Latin bāris, from Ancient Greek βᾶρις (bâris, “Egyptian boat”), from Coptic ⲃⲁⲁⲣⲉ (baare, “small boat”), from Demotic br, from Egyptian bꜣjrb-bA-A-y:r*Z1-P1 (“transport ship”). Doublet of bark, barque and baris.

der

w:Webster's Dictionary#Webster's New International Dictionary 1909

(US) A double-decked passenger or freight vessel, towed by a steamboat.

(US, dialect, dated, historical) A large bus used for excursions.


dot

"Have you the pictures still?" I asked.
"Yes; I am keeping them till my daughter is of marriageable age, and then I shall sell them. They will be her dot."

1919, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, “chapter 53”, in The Moon and Sixpence, [New York, N.Y.]: Grosset & Dunlap Publishers […], →OCLC:

As a bride, Madame de Talleyrand had brought a small dot of fifteen thousand francs to the family fund.

1927, Anna Bowman Dodd, Talleyrand: the Training of a Statesman:


crane

→ Burmese: ကရိန်း (ka.rin:)

→ Hindi: क्रेन (kren)

→ Irish: craein

→ Japanese: クレーン (kurēn)

→ Korean: 크레인 (keurein)

→ Malay: kren

→ Maori: kareni

→ Tagalog: kreyn

→ Thai: เครน (kreen)

From Middle English crane, from Old English cran (“crane”), from Proto-West Germanic *kran, *kranō, from Proto-Germanic *kranô (“crane”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (“to cry hoarsely”).
Cognate with Scots cran (“crane”), Dutch kraan (“crane”), German Low German Kroon (“crane”), German Kran (“crane”). The mechanical devices are named from their likeness to the bird.

Ardea herodias
Ardea herodias#Translingual

(US, dialect) Ardea herodias, the great blue heron.


crappy

en-adj

crappy (comparative crappier, superlative crappiest)

crappier (comparative)
crappiest (superlative)
crap (alternative)

That is such a crappy car.

The referee just made a really crappy call.

The food there used to be good but now it's crappy.

Think of the content mill as a modern-day literary sweatshop—writers hunkering down at hot keyboards, plowing away at 3,000 word articles for, literally, pennies. Content mills were born because someone figured out that by targeting popular search result terms, they could commission an army of crappy posts catering to these terms and dominate Google's results.

2015, Zachary Petit, The Essential Guide to Freelance Writing, Penguin, →ISBN:

She took a leap in 2019 and bought an investment property, a duplex in Missoula, Mont., intending to live in one unit and rent the other. “It was the crappiest house on the block,” she said.

2022 July 29, Jennifer Miller, “Investing in Real Estate as Self-Care”, in The New York Times:

“Many scientists and historians think we’re entering into a new epoch — one where things are simply … well, crappier,” declares the opening voice-over in a thick northern English accent (regularly used in Britain to indicate no-nonsense, tongue-in-cheek pragmatism).

2024 February 5, Elizabeth Paton, “Will Shoppers Ever Care About the Destruction of the Planet?”, in The New York Times:

(chiefly Canada, US, colloquial, mildly vulgar) Of very poor quality; unpleasant; distasteful.

I'm feeling really crappy - I think I need some fresh air.

(chiefly Canada, US, colloquial, mildly vulgar, especially with "feel") Bad, sick, or depressed.

Put the crappy diapers in the brown pail and the wet ones in the yellow pail.

(chiefly Canada, US, colloquial, mildly vulgar) Covered in crap (faeces/feces).


nappy

nappy (comparative nappier, superlative nappiest)

nappier (comparative)
nappiest (superlative)

They could scarcely bear their knowledge, nor could they have borne the sight of Rufus, but they knew why he was in the streets tonight, why he rode subways all night long, why his stomach growled, why his hair was nappy, his armpits funky, his pants and shoes too thin, and why he did not dare to stop and take a leak.

1962, James Baldwin, Another Country, New York, N. Y.: The Dial Press, published 1963 January, page 4:

We would talk about each other′s ugly, big lips and flat noses. We would call each other pickaninnies and nappy-haired so-and-so′s.

1987, Assata Shakur, Assata: An Autobiography, page 30:

For example, some Black people′s corporeal zones include nappy hair texture, wide noses, thick lips, and darker-than-white skin complexion, all of which come into play when an individual is interacting with a cultural “Other.”

2006, Ronald L. Jackson II, Scripting the Black Masculine Body, page 52:

She had decided to just cover her hair with a scarf because Aunt Bell was “old school” and Zollar did not want to have to explain why she had nappy hair.

2010, Nadine George-Graves, Urban Bush Women: Twenty Years of African American Dance Theater, Community Engagement, and Working It Out, page 50:

(US, informal, sometimes offensive) Of hair: tightly curled or twisted; frizzy (often specifically in reference to Afro textured hair)


diaper

en-noun

diaper (countable and uncountable, plural diapers)

From Middle English dyaper, from Old French dyapre, diaspre, from Medieval Latin diaspra, diasprum from Byzantine Greek δίασπρος (díaspros, adj), from δια- (dia-, “across”) + ἄσπρος (áspros, “white”).

der

(Canada, US, Philippines, India) An absorbent garment worn by a baby, by a young child not yet toilet trained, or by an adult who is incontinent; a nappy.

popok

absorbent garment worn by a baby, or by someone who is incontinent


shortening

en-noun

shortening (countable and uncountable, plural shortenings)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-shortening.wav

(US, cooking) Fat that is solid at room temperature, especially hydrogenated vegetable oil (known as vegetable shortening), used to make shortcrust pastry and in deep fat frying.


bulldog

→ French: bouledogue

→ German: Bulldogge

→ Portuguese: buldogue

From bull + dog, in reference to bullbaiting.

The bulldog's just gone to press.


rare

en-verb

rare (third-person singular simple present rares, present participle raring, simple past and past participle rared)

rares (present singular third-person)
raring (participle present)
rared (participle past)
rared (past)

Frank pretended to rare back as if bedazzled, shielding his eyes with a forearm.

2006, Thomas Pynchon, Against the Day, Vintage, published 2007, page 328:

(US, intransitive) To rear, rise up, start backwards.

Here I have to say that I was walking along dark-hearted, my nose out of joint about Audie's notice of her, for just as quickly as my feelings kindled, my old envy rared.

2013, Janet Peery, What the Thunder Said: A Novella and Stories, →ISBN:

(US, transitive) To rear, bring up, raise.


crab

crab (third-person singular simple present crabs, present participle crabbing, simple past and past participle crabbed)

crabs (present singular third-person)
crabbing (participle present)
crabbed (participle past)
crabbed (past)

From Middle English crabbe, from Old English crabba (“crab; crayfish; cancer”), from Proto-West Germanic *krabbō, from Proto-Germanic *krabbô, from *krabbōną (“to creep, crawl”), from Proto-Indo-European *grobʰeh₂yéti (“scratch, claw at”), a metathesised o-grade of *gerbʰ-. More at carve.
Cognates
See also Dutch krab, Low German Krabb, Danish krabbe, Swedish krabba.
Further cognates with frequentative-infix are Saterland Frisian krabbelje (“to creep, crawl”), Dutch krabbelen (“to scratch”) and German krabbeln (“to crawl”). Possibly related to English creep and Swedish krypa (“to creep, crawl”) etc.

cog

I thought at the time that that little speech meant a savin' of eight dollars,[…] But the Missus crabbed it a few minutes after her and Bess come in the room.

1916, Ring W. Lardner, “Three Kings and a Pair”, in The Saturday Evening Post:

‘Just so we understand each other,’ he said after a pause. ‘If you crab this case, you'll be in a jam.’

1940, Raymond Chandler, Farewell, My Lovely, Penguin, published 2010, page 224:


whack

Uncertain. Originally Scottish; probably onomatopoeic, but compare Middle English thakken < Old English þaccian (whence Modern thwack by conflation with whack). Sense 6 of the verb is likely a semantic loan from Malay hentam (“to strike; to do something carelessly”).

sl

The number arrested is not over 600 — at $805 a whack, New Jersey has made half-a-million dollars arresting gay men.

1989 April 15, Jon Autiello et al., “Police Cruisers Smash Queers”, in Gay Community News, page 5:

C'mon. Take a whack at it.

40 bucks a whack.

(US, slang) An attempt, a chance, a turn, a go, originally an attempt to beat someone or something.

"I'll stay if you will."
"Good—that's a whack."

1876, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], chapter VI, in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Hartford, Conn.: The American Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 70:

It's a whack!


sassy

en-adj

sassy (comparative sassier, superlative sassiest)

sassier (comparative)
sassiest (superlative)

A modification of saucy, equivalent to sass + -y, originally used in American English.

Yes, gemmen, we mus stan on our zarve rights. Wat! shall de sassy wite man Nullifly the Guberment? and shall not we, de color men, Nullifly de wite one?

1833, Elnathan Elmwood [pseudonym; Asa Greene], “A Meeting of Black Politicians—Cæsar Johnson’s Speech on Nullification”, in A Yankee among the Nullifiers: An Auto-biography, 2nd edition, New York, N.Y.: Printed and published by William Pearson; Cortlandt-Street, →OCLC, page 111:

When the red skins seed that the British and Americans war going to clapper clawing, they thought it war time for them to raze up thar brissls, and look out for plunder. They begun to be a leetle too sassy for cumfirt.

1840, [Davy] Crockett, “Colonel Crockett’s History of the Life of Gen. [William Henry] Harrison, alias Old Tippecanoe”, in The American Miscellany of Popular Tales, Essays, Sketches of Character, Poetry, and Jeux d’Esprit. By Transatlantic Authors, volume II, number 49, London: G. Berger, Holywell Street, Strand; Simpkin, Marshall, & Co.; and all booksellers, →OCLC, page 315, column 1:

Oh, did n't I handle my gun, boys, – / My gun, boys, with shout upon shout? / And did n't the balls rain among us? / And did n't the blood run about? / A shipmate was dashed dead beside me; / The splinters flew – death-yells uprolled; / Oh, sassy that fight of old Erie! / More sassy, though, Perry the Bold!

1867, Alfred B[illings] Street, “Perry the Bold”, in The Poems of Alfred B. Street. In Two Volumes, volume II, New York, N.Y.: Published by Hurd and Houghton, 459 Broome Street, page 129:

Brought her down with a crack of the bull-dogs, jest as she was makin' off: she's the sassiest of the whole lot, as white wenches always be.

1873, M. A. Avery, “The Guerillas.^([sic])—Death of Major Hunter.”, in The Rebel General’s Loyal Bride: A True Picture of Scenes in the Late Civil War, Springfield, Mass.: W. J. Holland and Company, →OCLC, page 116:

Jokes about blacks were more closely drawn from English jokes mocking servants and Irish people […] Many other jokes featured sassy servants besting their masters by playing dumb and taking instructions overly literally—another trope common in English servant jokes.

2006, John Wood Sweet, Bodies Politic: Negotiating Race in the American North, 1730–1830, Philadelphia, Pa.: University of Pennsylvania Press, →ISBN, page 303:

But for those of you that don't know, what men really like, is for you to talk to them with a feisty little attitude. You spark their fire when you do that. The feistier and sassier you act, the better.

2014, Rachel Renee, “Dirty Talk”, in She Rules: A Must Have Rulebook for Dating, Bloomington, Ind.: Balboa Press, Hay House, →ISBN, page 125:

Bold and spirited, cheeky, impudent, saucy.

дързък

bold and spirited, cheeky, impudent, saucy

The top isn't really slutty. Just a little sassier, more revealing than I'd usually go for.

2014, Jane Costello, chapter 20, in The Time of Our Lives, London: Simon & Schuster UK, →ISBN, page 179:

There was only so much packing one could do that was appropriate for army training and I was pretty sure my sassiest outfit and latest face enhancers were not required.

2014, Kate O'Leary, chapter 1, in Twell and the Rebellion (The Como Chronicles; book 2), White Bear Lake, Minn.: Fire and Ice, Melange Books, →ISBN, page 5:

Olives and preserved lemons add sassy tartness to salads, chicken tagines, and fish dishes […]

2012, Jeff Koehler, Morocco: A Culinary Journey with Recipes from the Spice-scented Markets of Marrakech to the Date-filled Oasis of Zagora, San Francisco, Calif.: Chronicle Books, →ISBN, page 10:

Talk-back or sass per Bell Hooks is "a gesture of defiance that heals...liberated voice" […]

2015, Gwendolyn D. Pough, Check It While I Wreck It: Black Womanhood, Hip-Hop Culture, and the Public Sphere, Boston, Massachusetts: Northeastern University, →ISBN, page 80:


sack

→ Japanese: サック (sakku)

From Middle English sak, sek, sach, zech (“bag, sackcloth”), from Old English sacc (“sack, bag”) and sæċċ (“sackcloth, sacking”); both from Proto-West Germanic *sakku, from late Proto-Germanic *sakkuz (“sack”), borrowed from Latin saccus (“large bag”), from Ancient Greek σάκκος (sákkos, “bag of coarse cloth”), from Semitic, possibly Phoenician or Hebrew.
Cognate with Dutch zak, German Sack, Swedish säck, Danish sæk, Hebrew שַׂק (śaq, “sack, sackcloth”), Aramaic סַקָּא, Classical Syriac ܣܩܐ, Ge'ez ሠቅ (śäḳ), Akkadian 𒆭𒊓 (saqqu), Egyptian sꜣgꜣ. Doublet of sac, saccus, saco, and sakkos.
Černý and Forbes suggest the word was originally Egyptian, a nominal derivative of sꜣq (“to gather or put together”) that also yielded Coptic ⲥⲟⲕ (sok, “sackcloth”) and was borrowed into Greek perhaps by way of a Semitic intermediary. However, Vycichl and Hoch reject this idea, noting that such an originally Egyptian word would be expected to yield Hebrew *סַק rather than שַׂק. Instead, they posit that the Coptic and Greek words are both borrowed from Semitic, with the Coptic word perhaps developing via Egyptian sꜣgꜣ.
Sense evolution
* “Pillage” senses from the use of sacks in carrying off plunder. From Middle French sac, shortened from the phrase mettre à sac (“put it in a bag”), a military command to pillage; also parallel meaning with Italian sacco (“plunder”), from Medieval Latin saccō (“pillage”). From Vulgar Latin saccare (“to plunder”), from saccus (“sack”). See also ransack. American football “tackle” sense from this “plunder, conquer” root.
* “Removal from employment” senses attested since 1825; the original formula was “to give (someone) the sack”, likely from the notion of a worker going off with his tools in a sack, or being given such a sack for his personal belongings as part of an expedient severance. Idiom exists earlier in French (on luy a donné son sac, 17c.) and Middle Dutch (iemand den zak geven). English verb in this sense recorded from 1841. Current verb, to sack (“to fire”) carries influence from the forceful nature of “plunder, tackle” verb senses.
* Slang meaning “bunk, bed” is attested since 1825, originally nautical, likely in reference to sleeping bags. The verb meaning “go to bed” is recorded from 1946.
* Slang meaning "scrotum" is an ellipsis of ballsack.

doublet

hit the sack

in the sack

(colloquial, US, literally or figurative) Bed.


gallon

→ Cebuano: galon

→ Czech: galon

→ Portuguese: galão

→ Serbo-Croatian: galon

→ Swahili: galoni

→ Turkish: galon

From Middle English gallon, galoun, galun, from Old Northern French galun, galon (“liquid measure”) (compare Old French jalon), from Late Latin galum, galus (“measure of wine”), from Vulgar Latin *galla (“vessel”), possibly from Gaulish [Term?], ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kel- (“goblet”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κύλιξ (kúlix, “cup”), Sanskrit कलश (kalaśa, “jar, pitcher; measure of liquid”). Related to Old French gille (“wine measure”) (from Medieval Latin gillō (“earthenware jar”)), Old French jale (“bowl”), Old French jaloie (“measure of capacity”).

cog

(US) 231 cubic inches or approximately 3.785 liters for liquids (a "U.S. liquid gallon")

(US) one-eighth of a U.S. bushel or approximately 4.405 liters for dry goods (a "U.S. dry gallon").


stockpile

The noun is derived from stock (“supply of anything ready for use”) + pile (“mass of things heaped together”).
The verb is derived from the noun.

nuclear pile

semantically quite different from a nuclear stockpile

Under the rice subsidy program, Yingluck [Shinawatra]'s administration paid farmers up to 50 percent more than market prices for their rice. The policy was popular with farmers but left Thailand with huge rice stockpiles and caused $8 billion in losses.

2017 August 25, Amy Sawitta Lefevre, Panarat Thepgumpanat, “Thailand’s ousted PM Yingluck has fled abroad: sources”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-01-09:

A supply (especially a large one) of something kept for future use, specifically in case the cost of the item increases or if there a shortage.

en:stock of nuclear weapons specifically

(specifically, military, weaponry) A supply of nuclear weapons kept by a country; a nuclear stockpile.

(mining) A pile of coal or ore heaped up on the ground after it has been mined.


stockpile

en-verb

stockpile (third-person singular simple present stockpiles, present participle stockpiling, simple past and past participle stockpiled)

stockpiles (present singular third-person)
stockpiling (participle present)
stockpiled (participle past)
stockpiled (past)

запасявам се

to accumulate or build up a supply of (something)

To accumulate or build up a supply of (something).

(specifically, military, weaponry) To build up a stock of (nuclear weapons).


dock

A dock (sense 1, sense 2) for cruise ships
A laptop docking (sense 5) station
A GUI dock (sense 6) on Linux
From Early Modern English meaning "area of mud in which a ship can rest at low tide, dock", borrowed from either Dutch dok (“dock, wharf”) or Middle Low German docke (“dock, wharf”), both from Middle Dutch docke (“port, harbour”), of uncertain origin. The original sense may have been "the furrow a grounded vessel makes in a mud bank". Compare Danish dok, Dutch dok, West Frisian dok, German Dock, Low German Dock, Swedish docka.
Some sources link this word to an unattested Middle Dutch *docke (“watercourse, trench, canal”), which is a ghost word, only being inferred from Mediaeval Latin documents in the form of ducta, doctus, doccia (“conduit, canal”). However, if this theory is correct, then it would relate the word to Italian doccia (“drainpipe”), making dock a doublet of douche and duct.
An alternative theory ties Middle Dutch docke to a North Germanic or Scandinavian source, notably Old Norse dǫkk, dökð (“depression in the landscape, pit, pool, trench”); compare Icelandic dökk, Norwegian dokk (“hollow, low ground”), Swedish dank (“marshy ground”). If so, this would make dock a doublet of dank.

multiple image

A dock (sense 􂀽1, sense 􂀽2) for cruise ships

ThinkPad Mini Dock Series 3, Type 4337-9664.jpg

noncog

With just the turn of a shoulder she indicated the water front, where, at the end of the dock on which they stood, lay the good ship, Mount Vernon, river packet, the black smoke already pouring from her stacks.

1910, Emerson Hough, “A Lady in Company”, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

(US, nautical) A fixed structure attached to shore to which a vessel is secured when in port; usually for loading and unloading.

прыча́л

fixed structure to which a vessel is secured

pantalán

for small ships, protrudes somewhat into the sea


U.S.

Russian officials have raised increasingly frustrated requests for greater support during discussions with Beijing in recent weeks, calling on China to live up to its affirmation of a “no limits” partnership made weeks before the war in Ukraine began. But China’s leadership wants to expand assistance for Russia without running afoul of Western sanctions and has set limits on what it will do, according to Chinese and U.S. officials.

2022 June 2, Cate Cadell, Ellen Nakashima, “Beijing chafes at Moscow’s requests for support, Chinese officials say”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-06-06:


proof

en-noun

proof (countable and uncountable, plural proofs)

→ Russian: пруф (pruf), пру́фы (prúfy)

desc

⇒ Russian: пруфли́нк (pruflínk, literally “proof + link”)

From Middle English proof, from Old French prove, from Late Latin proba (“a proof”), from Latin probō (“to prove”); see prove; compare also the doublet probe.

the proof of the pudding is in the eating

(US) A measure of the alcohol content of liquor. Originally, in Britain, 100 proof was defined as 57.1% by volume (no longer used). In the US, 100 proof means that the alcohol content is 50% of the total volume of the liquid; thus, absolute alcohol would be 200 proof.


liquor

en-noun

liquor (countable and uncountable, plural liquors)

From Middle English licour, from Anglo-Norman licour, from Latin liquor (“fluidity, liquidness, a fluid, a liquid”), from liquere (“to be fluid or liquid”); see liquid. Doublet of liqueur.

der

Here the proprietor has had the good sense of holding on to the good old fashion of giving his customers their moneyworth of good wines and liquors.

1879, Chas. McArmor, The New Handbook of Vienna […] , 2nd edition, Otto Maass, page 106:

(chiefly US, Canada, Australia) Strong alcoholic drink derived from fermentation and distillation; more broadly, any alcoholic drink.

كُحُول

strong alcoholic drink derived from fermentation and distillation


nutria

en-noun

nutria (countable and uncountable, plural nutrias)

→ Danish: nutria

→ Japanese: ヌートリア (nūtoria)

→ Korean: 뉴트리아 (nyuteuria)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-nutria.wav

From Spanish nutria (“otter”), from Latin lutra.

1986, Identifying and Managing Aquatic Rodents in Texas, Texas Agricultural Extension Service, page 13,
Nutria are native to South America and were successfully established in North America in the early 1930s as a new furbearing species.

Furthermore, nutria engage in the outright destruction of muskrat lodges to create nesting habitat for themselves.

2000, National Wetlands Newsletter, Volumes 22-23, Environmental Law Institute, page 8:

Myocastor coypus
Myocastor coypus#Translingual

(chiefly Canada, US) The coypu, Myocastor coypus.


seaman

From Middle English seeman, seman, from Old English sǣmann. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Seemon (“seaman, sailor”), West Frisian seeman (“seaman, sailor”), Dutch zeeman (“seaman, sailor”), German Low German Seemann (“seaman, sailor”), German Seemann (“seaman, sailor”), Swedish sjöman (“seaman, sailor”), Norwegian sjømann (“seaman, sailor”). Equivalent to sea + -man.

cog

petty officer third class
petty officer third class

(US, Navy) An enlisted rate in the United States Navy and United States Coast Guard, ranking below petty officer third class and above seaman apprentice.


kite

kites (plural)
kight (alternative)
kyte (alternative)

The noun is from Middle English kyte, kīte, kete (“a kite endemic to Europe, especially the red kite (Milvus milvus)”), from Old English cȳta (“kite; bittern”), from Proto-West Germanic *kūtijō, diminutive of Proto-Germanic *kūts (“bird of prey”), from Proto-Indo-European *gewH-d- (“to cry, screech”). The English word is cognate with Scots kyt, kyte (“kite; bird of prey”), Middle High German kiuzelīn, kützlīn (“owling”) (modern German Kauz (“owl”)). Possibly a doublet of coot.
Sense 3 (“lightweight toy”) is from the fact that it hovers in the air like the bird.
The verb is derived from the noun.

leko

military aviation, slang: aircraft — see also aircraft

leija

sailing, slang: spinnaker — see also spinnaker

Officers must maintain control by making sure their inmate count is correct, by checking inmates' passes as they walk the hall […] This helps prevent the occasional juggling of goods, gang communication, such as kites (a written request from one inmate to another), and inmate assaults, such as face cuts or stabbings.

2011, Gary L. Heyward, Corruption Officer: From Jail Guard to Perpetrator inside Rikers Island, New York, N.Y.: Atria Paperback, →ISBN, pages 69–70:

(US, prison slang) A (usually concealed) letter or oral message, especially one passed illegally into, within, or out of a prison.


kite

en-verb

kite (third-person singular simple present kites, present participle kiting, simple past and past participle kited)

kites (present singular third-person)
kiting (participle present)
kited (participle past)
kited (past)

извисявам

to cause (something) to move upwards rapidly

Rising interest rates have kited the cost of housing.

[…] when he saw the fuse of the firecracker was lighted, he turned the torch on the powder under the barrel of dried apples, and in a second everything went kiting; the barrel of dried apples with the cat in it went up to the ceiling, the stove was blown over the counter, the cheese box and the old groceryman went with a crash to the back end of the store, the front windows blew out on the sidewalk, the old man rushed out the back door with his whiskers singed and yelled "Fire!"

1907, Geo[rge] W[ilbur] Peck, chapter XVII, in Peck’s Bad Boy with the Cowboys, Chicago, Ill.: Stanton and Van Vliet Co., →OCLC, pages 292–293:

Lombard swung at the sweet pea he had dropped, caught it neatly with the toe of his shoe, and kited it upward with grim zest, as though doing that made him feel a lot better.

1942, William Irish [pseudonym; Cornell Woolrich], Phantom Lady (Story Press Book), Philadelphia, Pa., New York, N.Y.: J. B. Lippincott Co., →OCLC, page 189:

Today, the Bangs auction house would have been rubbing its hands with unconcealed glee and kiting the price of the manuscript into the stratosphere. In 1877, no bidding took place. Bangs merely announced that the letter had been sold for $13.

2009, Thomas Fleming, “George Washington: The Agonies of Honor”, in The Intimate Lives of the Founding Fathers, New York, N.Y.: Smithsonian Books, →ISBN; 1st Harper paperback edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper; Smithsonian Books, 2010, →ISBN, page 5:

(transitive) To cause (something) to move upwards rapidly like a toy kite; also (chiefly US, figuratively) to cause (something, such as costs) to increase rapidly.

Andy also kept a box of that [steel wool] in his cell, although he didn't get it from me—I imagine he kited it from the prison laundry.

1982 August 27, Stephen King, “Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption”, in Different Seasons, New York, N.Y.: Viking Press, →ISBN; republished in Stephen King Goes to the Movies, 1st Pocket Books paperback edition, New York, N.Y.: Pocket Books, February 2009, →ISBN, page 470:

Little bastards were always trying to kite stuff, particularly the candy and the girly magazines.

2001, Stephen King, Dreamcatcher: A Novel, New York, N.Y.: Pocket Books, →ISBN; 1st Gallery Books trade paperback edition, New York, N.Y.: Gallery Books, January 2018, →ISBN, page 611:

(ambitransitive, US, slang, by extension) To steal.

Prison Hall in Central Hospital was claimed by some patients to be "organized" in the more extensive manner of prisons for the sane. Here, it was claimed, an attendant could be bribed to "kite" a letter or bring in contraband, […]

1961, Erving Goffman, “The Underlife of a Public Institution: A Study of Ways of Making Out in a Mental Hospital”, in Asylums: Essays on the Social Situation of Mental Patients and Other Inmates (Anchor; A277), Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor Books, →OCLC; republished New Brunswick, N.J., London: Aldine Transaction, 2007 (2009 printing), →ISBN, footnote 166, page 301:

I have been working like a dam mule this morning and just found time to kite you.

1966, Rose Giallombardo, Society of Women: A Study of a Women’s Prison, New York, N.Y.: John Wiley & Sons, →OCLC, page 236:

(intransitive, US, prison slang) To pass a (usually concealed) letter or oral message, especially illegally, into, within, or out of a prison.


favor

en-noun

favor (countable and uncountable, plural favors)

tlb

(American spelling, alternative in Canada)

From Middle English favour, favor, faver, from Anglo-Norman favour, from mainland Old French favor, from Latin favor (“good will; kindness; partiality”), from faveō (“to be kind to”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂weh₁yeti (“to be favourable to”), from the root Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to shine, glow light”). Respelled in American English to more closely match its Latin etymon. Compare also Danish favør (“favor”), Irish fabhar (“favor”), from the same Romance source.

der

She enjoyed the queen's favor.

to fall out of favor

Then came a maid with hand-bag and shawls, and after her a tall young lady.[…]She looked around expectantly, and recognizing Mrs. Cooke's maid[…]Miss Thorn greeted her with a smile which greatly prepossessed us in her favor.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

Samara: She confuses her victims, twists their feelings. They will do anything for her favor.

2010, BioWare, Mass Effect 2 (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Normandy SR-2:


za

en-noun

za (countable and uncountable, plural zas)

In fact, not ordering a SUB or ZA (pizza) is almost impossible since places to eat in Sackville include Subway (subs), Ed's (subs), Joey's (subs and za), Pizza Delight (mostly za), The Snack Shop (subs and za) and One Plus One (subs and za).

1994, Sara Borins, The Real Guide to Canadian Universities, →ISBN, page 130:

But Chris, using some of his dated terminology, insisted that he wanted "za" for dinner. Back when Chris was a youngster in college, "za" was short for pizza--as if pizza were a lengthy word needing abbreviating.

2006, Lee Simon, The restaurant dream?: an inside look at restaurant development, from concept to reality, →ISBN, page 44:

They call me the Za-Lord.


bull-bitch

"They used to say, if you got something you can't figure out, give it to Mack. Fauna, it's your dice. You're a bull-bitch idear [sic] dame."

1954, John Steinbeck, Sweet Thursday, published 1960, page xxvi. 133:

(US, slang) A tough, uncompromising person; a hardass.


disco

You don't need to worry about these details at the complaint stage, we can get them in disco.

(US, law, informal) discovery (pre-trial phase in which evidence is gathered)

Has the disco come in from the defendants yet? We sent them requests almost six weeks ago.

(US, law, informal) discovery (materials revealed to the opposing party during the pre-trial phase in which evidence is gathered)


section

From Middle English seccioun, from Old French section, from Latin sectiō (“cutting, cutting off, excision, amputation of diseased parts of the body, etc.”), from sectus, past participle of secāre (“to cut”). More at saw.

разрэ́з

surgery: incision or the act of making an incision

(US, Canada, law and land surveying) Synonym of square mile, a unit of land area, especially in the contexts of Canadian surveys and American land grants and legal property descriptions.

acre (1

square mile when described as a 'section'


Anglo-Saxon

Anglo-Saxons (plural)
Anglosaxon (alternative)

/ˌæŋ.ɡləʊˈsæk.sən/

From Anglo- + Saxon, from Latin Anglosaxones (Anglo-Saxones), Latin Angli Saxones (literally “the English Saxons”), as distinguished from the Continental Saxons.

(US) A person of English ethnic descent.

(US, Mexican-American) A light-skinned and/or blond-haired person presumably of North European descent like British.


Anglo-Saxon

en-adj

Anglo-Saxon (comparative more Anglo-Saxon, superlative most Anglo-Saxon)

more Anglo-Saxon (comparative)
most Anglo-Saxon (superlative)
Anglosaxon (alternative)

/ˌæŋ.ɡləʊˈsæk.sən/

(US) Descended from some other North European settlers like the British (English).

Angla-Shacsanach

descended from white English or North European settlers


asshat

From ass + hat, from the slang expression have one's head up one's ass, thus, wearing the ass as a hat. The term is extended to people who are clueless or bumbling, who don't understand what is going on.

the same connotations as "FUCKWITS." for less extreme cases i suggest ASSHATS

1998 July 23, T..., “Re: GREEN RIVER NARROWS, NC: ALL PUTINS CLOSED!!”, in rec.boats.paddle (Usenet), retrieved 2018-10-04, message-ID <6p7j7t$r21$1@nnrp1.dejanews.com>:

1977 CHiPs 3 3/4" action figures (5 different: Ponch, Jon, Sarge,Jimmy Squeaks, Stupid Fucking Asshat Erik Mouse, and Wheels Willie) $10-15 each

1999 July 23, madge, “California Hustle,”, in alt.fan.erik (Usenet), retrieved 2018-10-04, message-ID <m-2307991051020001@ppp204184.asahi-net.or.jp>:

While I wait, the air is abuzz with tales of other marathons while many set of eyes cut in my direction. Eventually an asshat in a JUST DO IT T-shirt asks me, “How's your training going?”

2006, Jen Lancaster, Bitter is the New Black […] , Penguin, →ISBN, page 224:

Anyone who would make a claim like this on national TV is a real asshat.

2007, John Hargrave, Prank the Monkey: The Zug Book of Pranks, Citadel Press, →ISBN, page 188:

(Canada, US, derogatory, slang, sometimes considered, vulgar, often humorous) An obnoxiously ignorant person; a fool.


[Chorus:Michael Marshall] I got 5 on it (got it, good), grab your 40 let’s get keyed. I got 5 on it, messin’ with that Indo weed.

1995 July 4, “I got 5 on it”, in Operation Stackola, performed by Luniz and Michael Marshall (singer):

But when it's all said and done, I'll be forty / Before I know it with a 40 on the porch tellin' stories

2000, “Drug Ballad”, in The Marshall Mathers LP, performed by Eminem:

(US, slang) A bottle containing 40 fluid ounces of malt liquor beer.


So, given the ever growing list of J6ers that are real estate agents...has anyone looked into whether they attended whatever grift it was that 45 had going about training folks to be real estate agents?
(Tonight's random thought)

2022 September 5, Chirparrooo, Twitter, archived from the original on 2022-09-06:

(US politics, slang) Donald Trump, as the forty-fifth president of the United States.


midway

From Middle English mydwaye, mydweye, from Old English midweġ (“midway”), equivalent to mid- + way. Cognate with Dutch midweg (“midway”), Middle Low German midwech (“midway”).

(US) The part of a fair or circus where rides, entertainments, and booths are concentrated.

(US) The widest aisle in the middle of an industrial complex (such as railroad shops or a coach yard) along which various buildings are aligned


doughnut

doughnuts (plural)
donut (alternative)
dough-nut (alternative)

→ Afrikaans: donut, doughnut

→ Albanian: donut

→ Arabic: دُونَات (dūnāt)

Hijazi Arabic: دونت (dōnat)

→ Bengali: ডোনাট (ḍōnaṭ)

→ Bulgarian: донът (donǎt)

→ Burmese: ဒိုးနပ် (dui:nap)

→ Catalan: dònut

→ Cebuano: donut

→ Chinese:

desc

Cantonese: 多甩 (do¹ lat¹), 冬甩 (dung¹ lat¹)

Mandarin: 多拿滋 (duōnázī)

→ Danish: donut

→ Dutch: donut

→ French: donut

→ German: Donut, Doughnut

→ Hindi: डोनट (ḍonaṭ)

→ Indonesian: donat

→ Irish: taoschnó (calque)

→ Japanese: ドーナツ (dōnatsu), ドーナッツ (dōnattsu)

→ Korean: 도넛 (doneot)

→ Malay: donat

→ Maori: tōnati

→ Marshallese: tonaaj (via plural); to̧nōt

→ Persian: دونات (donât)

→ Portuguese: dónute, dônute (Brazil), donut (unadapted spelling)

→ Spanish: dona; dónat, dónut, donut

→ Swedish: donut

→ Tagalog: donat

→ Tausug: dunat

→ Thai: โดนัต (doo-nát), โดนัท (doo-nát) — popular spelling

→ Turkish: donut

→ Urdu: ڈونٹ (ḍonaṭ)

→ Yiddish: דאָנאַט (donat)

From dough + nut, 1809 because originally small, nut-sized balls of fried dough, or, more likely, from nut in the earlier sense of "small rounded cake or cookie", with the toroidal shape becoming common in the twentieth century. First attested in Knickerbocker’s History of New York, by Washington Irving, 1809.

take a flying fuck at a rolling doughnut

(figuratively) Any object in the shape of a torus.

(Australia, Canada, US) A peel-out or skid mark in the shape of a circle; a 360-degree skid.

mandazi

peel-out or skid-mark in the shape of a doughnut


brownie

en-noun

brownie (countable and uncountable, plural brownies)

→ Belarusian: бра́ўні (bráŭni)

→ Chinese: 布朗尼 (bùlǎngní)

→ Dutch: brownie

→ French: brownie

→ German: Brownie

→ Hungarian: brownie

→ Irish: donnóg (calque)

→ Italian: brownie

→ Japanese: ブラウニー (buraunī)

→ Lithuanian: braunis

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: brownie

→ Polish: brownie

→ Portuguese: brownie

→ Russian: бра́уни (bráuni)

→ Kazakh: брауни (brauni)

→ Spanish: brownie

→ Thai: บราวนี (bpraao-níi)

→ Turkish: brownie, browni, brovni

→ Welsh: browni

From brown + -ie (diminutive suffix). In folkloric sense, originally Scots.

[…]if she ever found out she was dying, she'd just eat brownies all day and night until the very end.

2000, Lori Gottlieb, Stick Figure: a diary of my former self, page 173:

Rona served Althea coffee with yellow milk curdling in the center, and a hunk of brownie, and Althea said, “Thanks so much.”

2000, Elizabeth Stuckey-French, “The Visible Man”, in The First Paper Girl in Red Oak, Iowa and Other Stories, New York, N.Y.: Doubleday, →ISBN, page 197:

On a Saturday afternoon, my wife bought her favorite treat for dessert that evening, a gourmet, nut-filled brownie.

2005, Aaron Lazare, On Apology, unnumbered page:

After cooking the brownies until we could smell the pot, we each ate a large brownie.

2005, Steve Otto, Memoirs of a Drugged-Up, Sex-Crazed Yippie, page 228:

“If she has to list everyone from school friends to teachers, this is going to take a while, huh?” Stephanie commented, slipping a generous slice of brownie onto a plate. […] She carried a plate with a slice of brownie around and set it in front of Basil, […]

2015, Lynsay Sands, The Immortal who Loved Me, London: Gollancz, →ISBN, pages 224–225:

As their coffee and cakes arrived – Tim had opted for a slice of brownie that looked about as impressive as the table – she noticed that the initials TL were inscribed on his cufflinks, and also, confirming what Molly had told her, that he had no ring on the fourth finger of his left hand.

2017, Cressida McLaughlin, The Once in a Blue Moon Guesthouse, London: HarperCollinsPublishers, →ISBN, page 37:

John A. Simpson
w:John Simpson (lexicographer)

The Oxford English Dictionary
w:Oxford English Dictionary

Clarendon Press
w:Oxford University Press

(usually countable, cooking, originally US) A small square piece of rich cake, usually made with chocolate.


garbage

From late Middle English garbage (“the offal of a fowl, giblets, kitchen waste”, originally “refuse, what is purged away”), from Anglo-Norman, from Old French garber (“to refine, make neat or clean”), of Germanic origin, from Frankish *garwijan (“to make ready”).
Akin to Old High German garawan (“to prepare, make ready”), Old English ġearwian (“to make ready, adorn”). More at garb, yare, gear

cog

Yet, even without the three second rule, where your big man could camp underneath and take those delightful “garbage” shots, there was little or no pivot offense, no cutting off the bucket.

[…] the aging pro, in a much-heralded "boys against the girls" tennis match, annihilated Margaret Court with an array of "garbage shots and cotton balls."

1981, Update 1981: The Great Contemporary Issues, New York Times Company, page 78:

(sports, slang, Canada, US, attributive) An easy shot.


garbage

en-verb

garbage (third-person singular simple present garbages, present participle garbaging, simple past and past participle garbaged)

garbages (present singular third-person)
garbaging (participle present)
garbaged (participle past)
garbaged (past)
garbidge (alternative)

I have bought at Boston a dozen Pidgeons ready pulled and garbidged for three pence.

1674, John Josselyn, Two Voyages to New England, Made During the Years 1638-63 (quoted in William Butts Mershon, The Passenger Pigeon, 1907, The Outing Publishing Company)

(transitive, chiefly US, Canada, obsolete) to eviscerate


John Doe

i.e. "to Tom, Dick or Harry:" the names like John Doe and Richard Roe are used indefinitely in Arab.

1885, Richard Burton, The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night, volume 4:

(US) A fictitious name used in legal documents for an unknown or anonymous, usually male, person.


John Doe

(US) Any unknown or anonymous, usually male, person.

פלוני m from Plony Almony - an unknown person in the biblical book of Ruth.

постражда́лий (postraždályj, literally “victim”)

невідомий (nevidomyj, literally “unknown someone”)


doll

en-noun

doll (plural dolls or (Internet slang) dollz)

desc

→ Kashubian: dolka (Canada, United States, New Zealand)

From Doll, a popular pet form of Dorothy.

"They didn't sell cigarettes where you were, doll?" Palmer asked.

(US, Australia, dated) A term of endearment: darling, sweetheart.

2017, Chunk in "Skate-lebrity", The ZhuZhus
Ow! These things are defective. Pipsqueak, be a doll, I need a new pair, pronto!

(US, dated) A good-natured, cooperative or helpful girl.


dolphin

From Middle English delphyn, from Latin delphīnus, from Ancient Greek δελφίς (delphís), from δελφύς (delphús, “womb”); the modern form in -ol- is probably influenced by the pronunciation of Middle French dauphin. Compare Swedish delfin. Doublet of dauphin. Displaced native Old English mereswīn (literally “sea pig”).

ncog

(US, slang) A person who buys shares on the primary market only to resell them immediately at a high profit.


porpoise

desc

→ Thai: พอร์พอยส์ (pɔɔ-pɔ́is)

→ Thai: พอร์พอยส์ (pɔɔ-pɔ́is)

From Middle English porpeys, purpeys, borrowed from Anglo-Norman porpeis, purpeis, Old French pourpois, porpois, pourpais, porpeis (“porpoise”), from Vulgar Latin *porcopiscis (“porpoise”, literally “pig-fish”), from Latin porcus (“pig”) + piscis (“fish”). Compare (in transposed order) obsolete Italian pesce porco and Portuguese peixe porco; also Latin porcus marinus (“sea hog”), akin in formation to German Meerschwein, English mereswine. More at mereswine.

der

(Canada, US, imprecisely) Any small dolphin.


rank

en-verb

rank (third-person singular simple present ranks, present participle ranking, simple past and past participle ranked)

ranks (present singular third-person)
ranking (participle present)
ranked (participle past)
ranked (past)
ranck (alternative)

From Middle English rank (“line, row”), from Old French ranc, rang, reng (“line, row, rank”) (Modern French rang), from Frankish *hring (“ring”), from Proto-Germanic *hringaz (“something bent or curved”).
Akin to Old High German (h)ring, Old Frisian hring, Old English hring, hrincg (“ring”), Old Norse hringr (“ring, circle, queue, sword; ship”). Doublet of ring and rink.


fudge

en-noun

fudge (countable and uncountable, plural fudges)

Probably a variant of fadge (“to fit”), the confectionery sense having evolved from the meaning of “merging together” or “turning out as expected”.

(chiefly uncountable) A type of very sweet candy or confection, usually made from sugar, butter, and milk or cream.


tag

From Middle English tagge (“small piece hanging from a garment”), probably of North Germanic origin. Compare Norwegian tagg (“point; prong; barb; tag”), Swedish tagg (“thorn; prickle; tine”), Icelandic tág (“a willow-twig”). Compare also tack.

cog

The subwoofer in the trunk was so loud, it vibrated the tag like an aluminum can.

(chiefly US) A vehicle number plate; a medal bearing identification data (animals, soldiers).


vum

en-verb

vum (third-person singular simple present vums, present participle vumming, simple past and past participle vummed)

vums (present singular third-person)
vumming (participle present)
vummed (participle past)
vummed (past)

I vum it's Sunday—you won't see that harpooneer to-night; he's come to anchor somewhere—come along then; do come; won't ye come?

1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “Ch. 3”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:


functionality

en-noun

functionality (countable and uncountable, plural functionalities)

(US, law, uncountable) In trademark law, the tendency of a product design to serve a function other than the identification of the product, preventing that design from being protected as a trademark.


ill

ill (countable and uncountable, plural ills)

From Middle English ille (“evil; wicked”), from Old Norse illr (adj), illa (adverb), ilt (noun) (whence Icelandic illur, Norwegian ille, Danish ilde), from Proto-Germanic *ilhilaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁elḱ- (whence Latin ulcus (“sore”), Ancient Greek ἕλκος (hélkos, “wound, ulcer”), Sanskrit अर्शस् (árśas, “hemorrhoids”).

cog

(US, slang, uncountable) PCP, phencyclidine.


tater

Representing an aphetic pronunciation of potato. Compare patater (“potato”), 'mater (“tomato”), and 'naner (“banana”).

We ate them taters up real good.

I went into the dining-room, and sot down afore a plate that had my name writ on a card onto it; and I did walk into the beef and 'taters and things about east.

1884, Hiram Bigelow, Family Companion, letter, quoted in Dictionary of Americanisms, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, page 198:

For sandwiches, you might sink your teeth into a Cape Cod reuben with crispy cod, Swiss and coleslaw with tater tots or sweet potato fries, fried chicken and waffle sandwich with maple aioli, or bacon jam burger — maple bourbon bacon jam, gorgonzola, fried egg, arugula, tomato.

2022 June 12, Lauren Daley, “How to eat through Blackstone Valley in a weekend”, in Boston Globe:

While Linder prefers his taters cut skinny, as they are in restaurant iterations of the dish, his co-author, the television chef Johanna Westman, says she prefers them thick, as in her Grandma Alva’s recipe.

2023 December 20, Eric Kim, “A Creamy, Melty Potato Casserole That’s Outrageously Easy to Make”, in The New York Times Magazine:

Playing 14 seasons in the major leagues, the right-handed-batting Scott was a three-time All-Star and hit 271 home runs, or taters, as he called them.

2013 July 29, Richard Goldstein, “George Scott, Slugger Who Boomed ‘Taters’ in Fenway, Dies at 69”, in The New York Times:


sign

en-noun

sign (countable and uncountable, plural signs)

From Middle English signe, sygne, syng, seine, sine, syne, from Old English seġn (“sign; mark; token”) and Old French signe, seing (“sign; mark; signature”); both from Latin signum (“a mark; sign; token”); root uncertain. Doublet of signum. Partially displaced native token.

teken

a fact that shows that something exists or may happen

նշան

any of several specialized non-alphabetic symbols

The hunters found deer sign at the end of the trail.

Animal sign is the key to eliminating guesswork when setting your traps. Only trap where there is sign. Sign is anything the animal leaves as a trace that indicates it may have passed through the area.

2015, Dave Canterbury, Advanced Bushcraft: An Expert Field Guide to the Art of Wilderness Survival, page 127:

(Canada, US, Australia, uncountable) Physical evidence left by an animal.


bay

From Middle English baye, baie, from Old English beġ (“berry”), as in beġbēam (“berry-tree”), conflated with Old French baie, from Latin bāca (“berry”).

(US, dialect) A tract covered with bay trees.


bakery

→ Bengali: বেকারি (bekari)

→ Hindi: बेकरी (bekrī)

→ Korean: 베이커리 (beikeori)

→ Mongolian: бэйкери (bejkeri)

From bake + -ery (“place of”). Replaced earlier bakehouse. Originally “place for making bread”; as “shop where baked goods are sold”, it was noted as an Americanism by British travelers by 1832.

couldn't organise a bun fight in a bakery

Fresh bakery!

1970-1975, Lou Sullivan, personal diary, quoted in 2019, Ellis Martin, Zach Ozma (editors), We Both Laughed In Pleasure
Bridget & Jacob were coming home from the hospital bout 11:30. Kathy & I made a little "brunch" of bakery & coffee.

Then, later, I think I saw them at Lemke's Tomahawk Foods getting roasted chicken from the delicatessen and at Nelson's County Market picking up some bakery and fruit. It looked like they were going on a picnic.

2011 January 27, Will Kalinke, Grandma Is a Saint, Trafford Publishing, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 9:

She set about preparing the house for everyone to come over. She and Danielle made the sandwiches and put them in the refrigerator. They got out plates, glasses, napkins and silverware and set up a buffet table. Chuck went to the bakery and got some bakery.

2011 September 7, Ann Carol, Dark Places, Author House, →ISBN, page 196:

Perhaps she would be able to bring me something to eat in the evening. Still it was doubtful if she could get away. I better had let her buy some bakery for me. With some inconceivable pride, or rather stubbornness, as I wanted money, I refused. In consequence, I suffered all night and the next day and the following night.

2017 May 1, James S. Peters, Sadakichi Hartmann, Alien Son: A Biography, Sunstone Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 121:

“The next morning I woke up and she was fast asleep. Guess I did pass out for a while. So I thought I would go surprise her, and I bought her some flowers and picked up some bakery in town. But when I got back, she wasn't in bed. […]”

2018 December 15, Hannah Katherine Klumb, The Suicide Bridge, Waterton Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 35:

Shen Lian thought for a moment, walked up to the table, and picked up some bakery, wine, and fruits. He then walked to the sofa in the corner of the hall and started eating without a care in the world.

2019 November 19, Wang YueShuangJiao, Super Bodyguard to Goddess Boss: Volume 2, Funstory, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 72:

- Thank you, Liza. Are you coming with me to get some fresh bakery?
- Sure, let's go.

2021 January 11, Olivier A. Guigues, Life, Liberty, Luxury - and Love?: The Short Version (Life, Liberty, Luxury - and Love?), BoD - Books on Demand, →ISBN, page 206:


Aryan

General American, Mary–marry–merry merger

From Sanskrit आर्य (ā́rya, “noble; noble one”) + -n. The Sanskrit word is from Proto-Indo-Iranian *áryas (the original Indo-Iranian autonym). Borrowed into English in the 19th century, at first as a term for the Indo-Iranian languages, and later partly extended to the Indo-European languages and peoples following a theory by Friedrich Schlegel that connected the Indo-Iranian words arya/ā́rya with German Ehre (“honor”) and some older Germanic names, thus assuming that it was the original Indo-European autonym meaning "the honorable people". The original meaning of the Indo-Iranian autonym and its possible Indo-European origin/cognates are disputed (see the Wikipedia article for further details).
The same Proto-Indo-Iranian root is the ultimate source of the country name Iran.

der

Cal tried to think of words that would convey Wolfgang Stahl to the ears and hands of a woman who’d never seen him and never, until now, had to imagine him.
 […]
 ‘Why not . . . why not think of your chap as a type? Tell me what type you’d sort of put him into.’
 ‘Sort of?’
 ‘You know . . . roughly.’
 ‘He’s an Aryan.’
 ‘Ah, one of those, eh? Odd when you think about it. I mean. How did they arrive at blue-eyed blonds as a racial type? Hitler’s short and dark and looks like Charlie Chaplin. Goebbels is short and ugly and looks like a rat. And as for Goering – well is that what Billy Bunter grew up to be?’

2004, John Lawton, Bluffing Mr. Churchill:

(chiefly US, informal, euphemistic) A Caucasian racist, often one who is an Aryan in the first sense.


Aryan

en-adj

Aryan (comparative more Aryan, superlative most Aryan)

more Aryan (comparative)
most Aryan (superlative)
Arian (alternative)

Imagine our outrage if the foreign press depicted Aryan groups as representing mainstream Christianity.

2006, Margaret Kleffner Nydell, Understanding Arabs: A Guide for Modern Times, Intercultural Press,, →ISBN, page 106:

(US, informal, euphemistic) Pertaining to Caucasian racists or their organisations, theories, etc.

Arisch

euphemistic: pertaining to Caucasian racists


rye

en-noun

rye (countable and uncountable, plural ryes)

From Middle English rie, reighe, from Old English ryġe, from Proto-West Germanic *rugi, from Proto-Germanic *rugiz, from Proto-Indo-European *Hrugʰís.
Germanic cognates include Dutch and West Frisian rogge, Low German Rogg, German Roggen, Rocken, Old Norse rugr (Danish rug, Swedish råg); non-Germanic cognates include Russian рожь (rožʹ) and Latvian rudzi.

“Gimme a shot of rye.” The whiskey stung his throat hot and fragrant.

1925, John Dos Passos, Manhattan Transfer, New York, N.Y., London: Harper & Brothers, →OCLC, 2nd section, page 146:

I bought a pint of rye at the liquor counter and carried it over to the stools and set it down on the cracked marble counter.

1939, Raymond Chandler, The Big Sleep, Penguin, published 2011, page 159:

Them good old boys were drinkin’ whiskey ’n rye/Singin’, "This’ll be the day that I die."

1971, “American Pie”, in American Pie, performed by Don McLean:

It concerns the gnomelike quality of the average American at a party. I have been to many parties where staid American business men have been transformed by a few ryes or bourbons into unpredictable gremlins out for adventure.

1946, George Johnston, Skyscrapers in the Mist, page 17:


scarf

en-verb

scarf (third-person singular simple present scarfs, present participle scarfing, simple past and past participle scarfed)

scarfs (present singular third-person)
scarfing (participle present)
scarfed (participle past)
scarfed (past)

Generally thought to be a variant, attested since the 1950s, of scoff (“eat (quickly)”) (of which scorf is another attested variant), itself a variant of scaff. Sometimes alternatively suggested to be a dialectal survival of Old English scearfian, sceorfan (“gnaw, bite”) (compare scurf).

You sure scarfed that pizza.

We dug in. We ate everything there was to eat on the table. We ate like there was no tomorrow. We didn't talk. We ate. We scarfed. We grazed that table. We were into serious eating. We finished everything, including half a strawberry pie.

(transitive, US, slang) To eat very quickly.


smash

smash (third-person singular simple present smashes, present participle smashing, simple past and past participle smashed)

smashes (present singular third-person)
smashing (participle present)
smashed (participle past)
smashed (past)

→ Catalan: esmaixar

From a blend of smack + mash. Compare Swedish smask (“to smack with the lips”), dialectal Swedish smaska (“to smack, kiss”), Danish smaske (“to smack with the lips”), Low German smaksen (“to smack with the lips, kiss”).

cog

I slowly smashed the modeling clay flat with the palm of my hand.

Using a fork, smash the avocado with all the remaining ingredients.

2016, Doreen Virtue, Jenny Ross, Veggie Mama, page 154:

(transitive, US) To deform through continuous pressure.


through

From Middle English thrugh, thruch, thruh, metathetic variants of thurgh, thurh, from Old English þurh, from Proto-Germanic *þurhw (“through”), from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥h₂kʷe, suffixed zero-grade from *terh₂- (“to pass through”) + *-kʷe (“and”). Cognate with Scots throch (“through”), West Frisian troch (“through”), German durch (“through”), Dutch door (“through”), Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷 (þairh, “through”), Latin trans (“across, over, through”), Albanian tërthor (“through, around”), Welsh tra (“through”). See also thorough.

thoo (alternative)
thorough (alternative)
thorow (alternative)
thorugh (alternative)
thro' (alternative)
throughe (alternative)
thru (alternative)
thrue (alternative)

it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God

look as if one has been dragged through a hedge backwards

the way to a man's heart is through his stomach

from 1945 through 1991;  the numbers 1 through 9;  your membership is active through March 15, 2013

It includes patent requests in machine learning through 2016, the last year for which details are available.
Audio (US): (file)

2019 February 3, “UN Study: China, US, Japan Lead World AI Development”, in Voice of America, archived from the original on 2019-02-07

(Canada, US) To (or up to) and including, with all intermediate values.


purse

From Middle English purse, from Old English purs (“purse”), partly from pusa (“wallet, bag, scrip”) and partly from burse (“pouch, bag”).
Old English pusa comes from Proto-West Germanic *pusō, from Proto-Germanic *pusô (“bag, sack, scrip”), from Proto-Indo-European *būs- (“to swell, stuff”), and is cognate with Old High German pfoso (“pouch, purse”), Low German pūse (“purse, bag”), Old Norse posi (“purse, bag”), Danish pose (“purse, bag”), Dutch beurs (“purse, bag”). Old English burse comes from Medieval Latin bursa (“leather bag”) (compare English bursar), from Ancient Greek βύρσα (búrsa, “hide, wine-skin”).
Compare also Old French borse (French bourse), Old Saxon bursa (“bag”), Old High German burissa (“wallet”).

der

you can't make a silk purse of a sow's ear

Master leathercrafter does handcrafted wallets, belts, purses, handbags etc., supporting self and helpers. Good enough to carve fantst art and portraits into leather.

1987 August 15, Robert Benitez, “Personal advertisement”, in Gay Community News, volume 15, number 5, page 14:

(US) A handbag (small bag usually used by women for carrying various small personal items)


bud

en-noun

bud (countable and uncountable, plural buds)

From Middle English budde (“bud, seed pod”), from Proto-Germanic *buddǭ (compare Dutch bot (“bud”), German Hagebutte (“hip, rosehip”), regional German Butzen (“seed pod”), Swedish dialect bodd (“head”)), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bʰew-, *bu- (“to swell”).

You got any buds?

(usually uncountable, slang) Potent cannabis taken from the flowering part of the plant (the "bud"), or marijuana generally.

(US, Canada, Australia, slang, usually in the plural) Cannabis that has been taken from the flowering part of the plant intended to be smoked.

Hey bro, want to smoke some bud?

(US, Canada, Australia, slang, uncountable) Marijuana.


bud

I like to hang out with my buds on Saturday night.

Anna's best bud, John (Malcolm Cumming), harbors a secret crush on her, which is indicative of the lazier, more derivative portions of the story that simply repeat tropes rather than comment on them.

2018 November 27, April Wolfe, “Anna And The Apocalypse is a Holiday-horror Cocktail of Singing, Maiming, and Clichés”, in The A.V. Club, archived from the original on 2019-11-04:


station

→ Hindi: स्टेशन (sṭeśan)

→ Irish: stáisiún

→ Malay: stesen

desc

ਸਟੇਸ਼ਨ (sṭeśan)

→ Punjabi: سٹیشن/ਸਟੇਸ਼ਨ (sṭeśan)

→ Scottish Gaelic: stèisean

→ Swahili: stesheni

→ Urdu: سْٹیشَن (sṭeśan), اِسْٹیشَن (isṭeśan)

From Middle English stacioun, borrowed from Anglo-Norman estation, from Latin statiōnem, accusative of statiō (“standing, post, job, position”), whence also Italian stazione. Doublet of stagione. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἵστημι (hístēmi), στάσις (stásis), Old English standan (whence English stand).

Localities across New Jersey imposed curfews to prevent looting. In Monmouth, Ocean and other counties, people waited for hours for gasoline at the few stations that had electricity. Supermarket shelves were stripped bare.

2012 October 31, David M. Halbfinger, New York Times, retrieved 2012-10-31:

A stopping place.
(US) A gas station, service station.

A stopping place.
A gas station, service station.


toke

I gave the maitre d’ a $10 toke and he just laughed.


toke

en-verb

toke (third-person singular simple present tokes, present participle toking, simple past and past participle toked)

tokes (present singular third-person)
toking (participle present)
toked (participle past)
toked (past)

You have to toke the maitre d’ at least $50 if you want a really good table.

(transitive, US casino slang) To give a gratuity to.


boil

From Middle English boillen, from Old French boillir (see French bouillir) from Latin bullīre (“to bubble, boil”), from bulla (“bubble”). Displaced native Old English weallan (intransitive) and wiellan (transitive). More at wall, well.

a down-home boil at the town hall

Men and boys also learn to cook at the public and semipublic food events at which men are the primary cooks. These include crawfish and seafood boils, family boucheries, and community festivals. For example, at one crab boil I attended, a grandfather and his eight-year-old grandson cooked the second batch of crabs […]. The advent of crawfish farming has expanded the availability of live crawfish beyond the old seasonal limits just described, but few Cajuns in St. Martin Parish have crawfish boils, or eat crawfish in any form, out of season.

1992, C. Paige Gutierrez, Cajun Foodways, Univ. Press of Mississippi, →ISBN, page 89:

The whole live crawfish typically are consumed at home and at crawfish boils and other social events where the crawfish is boiled[…]

1996, United States International Trade Commission, Crawfish Tail Meat from China, page 5:

I met him and his wife, Diane, at a shrimp boil I'd been invited to by another ex-trawler named Lindel.

2012 November 20, Jill Ann Harrison, Buoyancy on the Bayou: Shrimpers Face the Rising Tide of Globalization, Cornell University Press, →ISBN, page 89:

I also felt the desire to be in a more intimate, familiar setting where we could choose whether or not to talk about our memories of 2005; I ended up spending the evening at a shrimp boil hosted by good friends.

2018 June 4, Kate Parker Horigan, Consuming Katrina: Public Disaster and Personal Narrative, Univ. Press of Mississippi, →ISBN, page 109:

When Mondale had run for president two summers before, for some reason he opened his campaign in Beaufort, at a shrimp boil in our new waterfront park.

2020 February 17, Harriet Keyserling, Against the Tide: One Woman's Political Struggle, Univ of South Carolina Press, →ISBN, page 155:

en:social gathering featuring boiled food

(US) A social event at which people gather to boil and eat food, especially seafood. (Compare a bake or clambake.)


tush

Short for toches, from Yiddish תחת (tokhes), from Hebrew תַּחַת (taḥaṯ, “bottom”).

Are you gonna tell Glenn?...About you and that kid, and him squeezing your tush.

1998, Tim Herlihy, The Wedding Singer, spoken by Robbie Hart (Adam Sandler):


stickshift

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-stickshift.wav

manual

manual transmission or a vehicle that has one

Most cars in Europe have a stickshift.

(US) A manual transmission, controlled by a gear lever.

My old car was a stickshift, but my new one is an automatic.

Do you know how to drive stickshift?

(US, informal, uncountable) Cars, collectively, with such a transmission.

My stickshift has broken.


bushel

bushel (third-person singular simple present bushels, present participle busheling or bushelling, simple past and past participle busheled or bushelled)

bushels (present singular third-person)
busheling (participle present)
bushelling (participle present)
busheled (participle past)
busheled (past)
bushelled (participle past)
bushelled (past)

From Middle English busshel, from Old French boissel, from boisse, a grain measure based on Gaulish *bostyā (“handful”), from Proto-Celtic *bostā (“palm, fist”) (compare Breton boz (“hollow of the hand”), Old Irish bas), from Proto-Indo-European *gwost-, *gwosdʰ- (“branch”).

(US, tailoring, ambitransitive) To mend or repair clothes.


butt

From Middle English but, butte (“goal, mark, butt of land”), from Old English byt, bytt (“small piece of land”) and *butt (attested in diminutive Old English buttuc (“end, small piece of land”) > English buttock), from Proto-West Germanic *butt, from Proto-Germanic *buttaz (“end, piece”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰnós (“bottom”), later thematic variant of Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰmḗn ~ *bʰudʰn-, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“deep”). Cognate with Norwegian butt (“stump, block”), Icelandic bútur (“piece, fragment”), Low German butt (“blunt, clumsy”). Influenced by Old French but, butte (“but, mark”), ultimately from the same Germanic source. Compare also Albanian bythë (“buttocks”), Ancient Greek πυθμήν (puthmḗn, “bottom of vessel”), Latin fundus (“bottom”) and Sanskrit बुध्न (budhná, “bottom”), from the same Proto-Indo-European root. Related to bottom, boot.
 PIE word
 *bʰudʰmḗn.

приклад

larger or thicker end of anything; blunt end

perä

end of something, often distinguished from other end

I can see your butt.

(countable) The larger or thicker end of something; the blunt end, in distinction from the sharp or narrow end

(Canada, US, Philippines, slang) The buttocks or anus (used as a minced oath in idiomatic expressions; less objectionable than arse/ass).

(slang) The whole buttocks and pelvic region that includes one's private parts.

Get your butt to the car.

We can't chat today. I have to get my butt to work before I'm late.

Get up off your butt and get to work.

(US) A crust end-piece of a loaf of bread.

The waste end of anything.
A crust end-piece of a loaf of bread.


butt

en-verb

butt (third-person singular simple present butts, present participle butting, simple past and past participle butted)

butts (present singular third-person)
butting (participle present)
butted (participle past)
butted (past)

From Middle English butten, from Anglo-Norman buter, boter (“to push, butt, strike”), from Frankish *bautan (“to hit, beat”), from Proto-Germanic *bautaną (“to beat, push”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewd- (“to beat, push, strike”). Cognate with Old English bēatan (“to beat”). More at beat.

һөҙөшөү

(intransitive) to strike bluntly with the head

Teacher! He just butted me!

Additionally, kids are pinched, fondled, propositioned, and hit; and it all goes unseen amid the general confusion and nonspecific orders from the cafeteria supervisors who are yelling things like, "Keep it down, you people!" "No butting!" "Wait your turn, boys!" All of which sound as though there is law and order, just no actual justice to the victim.

2016, Chandler, Dan, Bullying in Plain Sight: How Inattentive Adults Encourage the School Bullies, Mustang, O.K.: Tate Publishing and Enterprises, LLC, →ISBN, page 45:

(transitive, intransitive, eastern Canada, parts of the northeastern US) To cut in line (in front of someone).


barrel

From Middle English barel, from Anglo-Norman baril, Old French baril, bareil (“barrel”), of uncertain origin. An attempt to link baril to Old French barre (“bar, bolt”) (compare Medieval Latin barra (“bar, rod”)) via assumed Vulgar Latin *barrīculum meets the phonological requirement, but fails to connect the word semantically. The alternative connection to Frankish *baril, *beril or Gothic *𐌱𐌴𐍂𐌹𐌻𐍃 (*bērils, “container for transport”), from Proto-Germanic *barilaz, *bērilaz (“barrel, jug, container”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to carry, transport”), is more plausible as it connects not only the form of the word but also the sense; equivalent to bear + -le. Compare also Old High German biril (“jug, large pot”), Luxembourgish Bärel, Bierel (“jug, pot”), Old Norse berill (“barrel for liquids”), Old English byrla (“barrel of a horse, trunk, body”). More at bear.

vat

round vessel made from staves bound with a hoop

Throw it into the trash barrel.

(US, specifically New England) A waste receptacle.


firkin

From Middle Dutch *vierdekijn, diminutive of vierde (“fourth”), from vier (“four”); equivalent to fourth + -kin.

(US) A small wooden vessel or cask of indeterminate size, used for butter, lard, etc.


hundredweight

en-noun

hundredweight (plural hundredweight or hundredweights)

hundredweight (plural)
hundredweights (plural)
cwt. (alternative)

→ Middle Bengali: *হন্দর্দ (*hondord)

Bengali: হন্দর (hondor)

A measure of weight containing a hundred pounds, variously understood as

(Canada, US) A unit of measurement containing 100 avoirdupois pounds (about 45.4 kg).


dicker

dicker (countable and uncountable, plural dickers)

From Middle English diker (“measure of ten”), from Late Latin dacra (“a dicker”), from Latin decuria (“a ten of something”), from decem (“ten”).

to make a dicker

“Grant that the North’s insulted, scorned, betrayed,
O'erreached in bargains with her neighbor made,
When selfish thrift and party held the scales
For peddling dicker, not for honest sales,—
Whom shall we strike? Who most deserves our blame?

1856, John Greenleaf Whittier, The Panorama:

(US) A chaffering, barter, or exchange, of small wares.


roll

en-verb

roll (third-person singular simple present rolls, present participle rolling, simple past and past participle rolled)

rolls (present singular third-person)
rolling (participle present)
rolled (participle past)
rolled (past)

From Middle English rollen, partly from Old French roller, roler, röeler, röoler, from Medieval Latin rotulāre (“to roll; to revolve”), from Latin rotula (“a little wheel”), diminutive of rota (“a wheel”); partly from Anglo-Latin rollāre, from the same ultimate source.

rol

to cause something to revolve by turning over and over

rol

to move, or cause to be moved, upon rollers or small wheels

I want to get there early; let's roll.

(chiefly US, Canada, colloquial, intransitive) To leave or begin a journey; sometimes with out.

OK guys, we're only down by two points. Let's roll!

(chiefly US, Canada, colloquial, intransitive) To compete, especially with vigor.

I was going to kick his ass, but he wasn't worth getting all worked up over; I don't roll like that.

"This is how we roll in Spring Valley," one teen reportedly boasted.

2006 November 21, Chris McKenna, “Kids at party chant as police sergeant is beaten by angry teens”, in Times Herald-Record, Middletown, NY, archived from the original on 2007-05-16:

(US, slang, intransitive) To behave in a certain way; to adopt a general disposition toward a situation.

The kids rolled the principal's house and yard.

(transitive, US) To enrobe in toilet-paper (as a prank or spectacle).


roll

That was a good roll.

(US, paddlesport) An instance of the act of righting a canoe or kayak which has capsized, without exiting the watercraft, or being assisted.


garnish

From Middle English garnysshen, from Old French garniss-, stem of certain forms of the verb garnir, guarnir, warnir (“to provide, furnish, avert, defend, warn, fortify, garnish”), from a conflation of Old Frankish *warnijan (“to refuse, deny”) and *warnōn (“warn, protect, prepare, beware, guard oneself”), from Proto-Germanic *warnijaną (“to worry, care, heed”) and Proto-Germanic *warnōną (“to warn”); both from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to defend, protect, cover”). Cognate with Old English wiernan (“to withhold, be sparing of, deny, refuse, reject, decline, forbid, prevent from, avert”) and warnian (“to warn, caution, take warning, take heed, guard oneself against, deny”). More at warn.


charge

en-verb

charge (third-person singular simple present charges, present participle charging, simple past and past participle charged)

charges (present singular third-person)
charging (participle present)
charged (participle past)
charged (past)

desc

→ Cantonese: 叉廚 /叉厨 (caa¹ cyu⁴), 叉 (caa¹)

→ Kashubian: czardżowac (United States)

→ Malay: caj, cas

→ Swahili: chaji

From Middle English chargen, from Old French chargier, from Late Latin carricō (“to load”), from Latin carrus (“a car, wagon”); see car. Doublet of cargo.

yükləmək

to place a burden upon, to assign a duty

yükləmək

to load equipment with material required for its use

Can I charge my purchase to my credit card?

Can I charge this purchase?

(transitive, chiefly US) To pay on account, as by using a credit card.


gad

From Middle English gad, gadde, borrowed from Old Norse gaddr (“goad, spike”), from Proto-Germanic *gazdaz (“spike, rod, stake”). Doublet of goad and yard.

der

Ist yoakes and bowes and gad and yoaksticks there?

1684, Meriton, Praise Ale, l. 100, in 1851, James Orchard Halliwell-Phillipps, The Yorkshire Anthology: A Collection of Ancient and Modern Ballads, Poems and Songs, Relating to the County of Yorkshire, page 71

Does your cow kick? Do not fly into a passion and pound her with a handspike, or trim her with a gad or a cow-hide.

Twain finds his voice after a short search for it and when he impels it forward it is a good, strong, steady voice in harness until the driver becomes absent-minded, when it stops to rest, and then the gad must be used to drive it on again.

Our thrifty dame, Mally, she rises soon at morn, She goes and tells the master I'm pulling up the corn; He clicks up the oxen gad and sair belabours me, For I'm Robin Spraggon's auld grey mare, ae how he's guided me!

1888, “Robin Spraggon's Auld Grey Mare”, in The Monthly Chronicle of North-country Lore and Legend, page 171:

On the morning of Palm-Sunday, the gamekeeper, some servant on the estate, brings with him a large gad or whip, with a long thong; the stock is made of the mountain ash, […]

1908, Folklore Society (Great Britain), Publications, page 288:

(especially UK, US, dialect) A goad, a sharp-pointed rod for driving cattle, horses, etc, or one with a whip or thong on the end for the same purpose.

And we'll prepare our limber gads,
Lang lines, and braw brass wheels;

1836, A Collection of Right Merrie Garlands for North Country Anglers, page 4:

Seek out thy tackle, thy creel and thy gad.

1876, Armstrong, Wanny Blossoms, page 33:

Woe to the lad / without a rowen-tree gad.

1879, William Henderson, Folklore Society (Great Britain), Notes on the Folk-lore of the Northern Counties of England and the Borders:

We'll splice oor gads nigh Barra Mill, Beneath yon auld birk tree.

1896, Proudlock, Borderland Muse, page 268:

(UK, US, dialect) A rod or stick, such as a fishing rod or a measuring rod.


woolly

From Middle English wolly, equivalent to wool + -y. Cognate with Saterland Frisian wullich (“woolly”), Dutch wollig (“woolly”), German wollig (“woolly”), Swedish ullig (“woolly”).


cider

en-noun

cider (countable and uncountable, plural ciders)

→ Bulgarian: са́йдер (sájder)

→ Finnish: siideri

→ Jersey Dutch: sâiter

→ Japanese: サイダー (saidā)

→ Korean: 사이다 (saida)

[ˈsʌɪ̯ɾə(ɹ)]

From Middle English sider, cidre, sidre, from Old French cisdre, sidre (“beverage made from fermented apples”), from Medieval Latin sīcera, from Ancient Greek σίκερα (síkera, “fermented liquor, strong drink”), from Hebrew שֵׁכָר (šēḵār, “liquor”). Doublet of cyser. Displaced native English apple wine.

der

Apfelsaft (may be specified as trüber Apfelsaft)

са́йдер

non-alcoholic sparkling beverage (apple)

サイダー

non-alcoholic sparkling beverage (lemon-lime)

She liked an aged cider. He liked a harder cider.

(US, Canada) A non-alcoholic still beverage consisting of the juice of early-harvest apples, usually unfiltered and still containing pulp; apple cider; sweet cider (without pulp such a beverage is called apple juice).


style

en-verb

style (third-person singular simple present styles, present participle styling, simple past and past participle styled)

styles (present singular third-person)
styling (participle present)
styled (participle past)
styled (past)
stile (alternative)
stile (alternative)

The noun is derived from Middle English stile, stel, stele, stiel, stiele, stil, still, stille, styele, style, styill, styll, styyl (“writing tool, stylus; piece of written work; characteristic mode of expression, particularly one regarded as high quality; demeanour, manner, way of life; person's designation or title; stem of a plant; period of time”), from Old French style, estile, stil, stile (modern French style), or from Medieval Latin stylus, both from Latin stilus (“pointed instrument, pale, spike, stake; writing tool, stylus; act of setting down in writing, composition; characteristic mode of expression, style; stem of a plant”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to be sharp; to pierce, prick, puncture, stab; to goad”). Doublet of stylus.
The English word is cognate with Catalan estil (“engraving tool, stylus; gnomon; manner of doing something, style; fashionable skill, grace”), German Stiel (“handle; stalk”), Italian stilo (“needle, stylus; fountain pen; beam; gnomon; part of pistil, style”), Occitan estil, Portuguese estilo (“writing tool, stylus; manner of doing something, style”), Spanish estilo (“writing tool, stylus; manner of doing something, style; fashionable skill, grace; part of pistil, style”).
The verb is derived from the noun.

cog

(intransitive, US, informal) To act in a way which seeks to show that one possesses style.


toll

From Middle English toll, tol, tolle, from Old English toll m or n and toln f (“toll, duty, custom”), from Proto-West Germanic *toll, *tolnu, from Proto-Germanic *tullaz, *tullō (“that which is counted or told, reckoning”), from Proto-Indo-European *dol- (“calculation, fraud”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Tol (“toll”), Dutch tol (“toll”), German Zoll (“toll, duty, customs”), Danish told (“toll, duty, tariff”), Swedish tull (“toll, customs”), Icelandic tollur (“toll, customs”). More at tell, tale.
Alternate etymology derives Old English toll, from Medieval Latin tolōneum, tolōnium, alteration (due to the Germanic forms above) of Latin telōneum, from Ancient Greek τελώνιον (telṓnion, “toll-house”), from τέλος (télos, “tax”).

der

We will be replacing some manned tolls with high-speed device readers.


vest

From French veste (“a vest, jacket”), from Latin vestis (“a garment, gown, robe, vestment, clothing, vesture”), from Proto-Indo-European *wéstis, from *wes- (“to be dressed”) (English wear). Cognate with Sanskrit वस्त्र (vastra) and Spanish vestir.

The Jones man was looking at her hard. Now he reached into the hatch of his vest and fetched out a couple of cigars, everlasting big ones, with gilt bands on them.

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter X, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

(Canada, US) A sleeveless garment that buttons down the front, worn over a shirt, and often as part of a suit; a waistcoat.

chalequillo m (Southern Spain, especially Seville - in this city, "chaleco" means "sweater" or "jumper")


vet

“A former soldier, sir. A vet. Theyʼre all vets, a little shellshocked.”

1952, Ralph Ellison, Invisible Man, Penguin Books (2014), page 73:

(colloquial, US) A veteran (a former soldier or other member of armed forces).


waterfall

/ˈwɔːtəfɔːl/

From Middle English waterfal, waterfalle, from Old English wæterġefeall (“waterfall”), equivalent to water + fall. Cognate with West Frisian wetterfal (“waterfall”), Dutch waterval (“waterfall”), German Wasserfall (“waterfall”), Swedish vattenfall (“waterfall”).

വെള്ളച്ചാട്ടം

veḷḷaccāṭṭaṁ

Hey man, can I take a waterfall from your bottle?

(slang, US) The action of drinking from a vessel without touching it with the lips, considered more sanitary for a shared vessel.


bounce

en-verb

bounce (third-person singular simple present bounces, present participle bouncing, simple past and past participle bounced)

bounces (present singular third-person)
bouncing (participle present)
bounced (participle past)
bounced (past)

From Middle English bounsen, bunsen (“to beat, thump”), cognate with Scots bunce, bonce (“to bounce”). Of uncertain origin. Perhaps imitative, related to bump, or related to Middle English bonchen (“to pound, beat”) and Dutch bonken (“to bump”).
Compare Saterland Frisian bumzje (“to pound, bang, bounce”), West Frisian bûnzje (“to throb, bounce, pulsate”), Dutch bonzen (“to thump, knock, throb, bounce”), German Low German bunsen, bumsen (“to beat, bounce”), German bumsen (“to thud, bang, pound”).

unc

uncertain

onomatopoeic

imitative

cog

Nobody took umbrage and bounced me out of the Union for being a pro.

Anyone who gets bounced out of [this bar] is not just pushed onto the street — he is walked home, or put in a cab.

1977 December 17, Tom Hurley, “The Evolution of Sporters”, in Gay Community News, volume 5, number 24, page 12:

(US, slang, dated) To eject violently, as from a room; to discharge unceremoniously, as from employment.


rap

From RAP (“record of arrest and prosecution”).

(US, law enforcement) Acronym of record of arrest and prosecution.


snit

Likely related to Proto-Germanic *snidaz, i.e. a a little, a bit. Also perhaps from obsolete German Schnitt which is a small amount of beer served in a larger glass.

The bartender served us each a snit with our Bloody Marys this morning.

(US, dialect) A beer chaser commonly served in three-ounce servings in highball or juice glasses with a Bloody Mary cocktail in the upper midwest states of United States including Minnesota, North Dakota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Michigan, and Illinois.


joint

The noun is from Middle English joynt (attested since the late 13th century), from Old French joint (“joint of the body”) (attested since the 12th century). The adjective (attested since the 15th century) is from Old French jointiz. Both Old French words are from Latin iūnctus, the past participle of iungō. See also join, jugular.
The meaning of "building, establishment", especially in connection with shady activities, appeared in Anglo-Irish by 1821 and entered general American English slang by 1877, especially in the sense of "opium den". The sense "marijuana cigarette" is attested since 1935. The development to meaning "any thing" also happened to the Scots and Memphian form junt and the Mid-Atlantic/Philadelphian form jawn.

verbinding

point of a rigid joint, means of joining in carpentry

en:place of business or human activity
en:tramp hangout

(chiefly US slang, may be somewhat derogatory) A place of business, particularly in the food service or hospitality industries; sometimes extended to any place that is a focus of human connection or activity (e.g., schools, hangouts, party spots).

(slang, dated) A place of resort for tramps.

en:place of business or human activity
en:opium den

I'm just trying to stay out of the joint.

en:place of business or human activity
en:prison, jail, or lockup

(slang, with the definite article) Prison, jail, or lockup.

It was the kind of joint you wouldn't want your boss to see you in.

"...Where's the ladies' in this joint? I've to powder me nose."

1996, Deirdre Purcell, Roses After Rain, page 335:

For a minute I stayed away from real crowded places like Big Ben's and even the new Ruthless spot, but I hung out in a few smaller Harlem joints when I wasn't running and lifting weights and getting ready for training camp.

2006, Noire [pseudonym], Thug-A-Licious: An Urban Erotic Tale, New York, N.Y.: One World, Ballantine Books, →ISBN, page 255:

Sham Shui Po might be one of Hong Kong’s poorest neighbourhoods but it has a rich immigrant history and a glut of fantastic street-food joints.

2021 August 18, Lee Cobaj, “Best things to do in Hong Kong”, in The Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-10-25:

Inez called up Camille on the phone repeatedly and had long talks with her; they even talked about his joint, or so Dean claimed.

1957, Jack Kerouac, chapter 1, in On the Road, Viking Press, →OCLC, part 4:

There I was, going down at last on the star of all those pornographic films that I had been producing in my head since I first laid a hand upon my own joint . . .

1969, Philip Roth, “Cunt Crazy”, in Portnoy’s Complaint, New York: Vintage, published 1994, page 158:

"Good, then," I said, my joint about to skeet like a water pistol. I was surprised too. I was known for having supreme dick control, and I could usually last a lot longer than this.

2006, Noire [pseudonym], Thug-A-Licious: An Urban Erotic Tale, New York, N.Y.: One World, Ballantine Books, →ISBN, page 17:


military

en-adj

military (not generally comparable, comparative more military, superlative most military)

more military (comparative)
most military (superlative)
milertary (alternative)

From Middle English militari, from Old French militaire, from Latin mīlitāris, from mīles (“soldier”). Doublet of militaire.

If you join a military force, you may end up killing people.

(Canada, US) Relating to armed forces such as the army, marines, navy and air force (often as distinguished from civilians or police forces).

զինվորական

(North America) relating to armed forces such as the army, marines, navy and air force


property

en-noun

property (countable and uncountable, plural properties)

properties (plural)
propretie (alternative)

From Middle English propertee, properte, propirte, proprete, borrowed from Anglo-Norman and Old French propreté, proprieté (“propriety, fitness, property”), from Latin proprietās (“a peculiarity, one's peculiar nature or quality, right or fact of possession, property”), from proprius (“special, particular, one's own”). Equivalent to proper + -ty. Doublet of propriety.

خَاصَّة

attribute or abstract quality associated with an object, individual or concept

characteristic

attribute or abstract quality of an object

(US) A script, book, screenplay, or the like that is on the market or has been bought for commercial production as a stage play, movie, or the like.

Is the property in which you are playing currently on Broadway – is it a musical?

1961, Darren McGavin, quoted at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=onJF43xXG2o?t=1331

(US, by extension, rare) A produced stage play, movie, or the like.


tight

en-adj

tight (comparative tighter, superlative tightest)

tighter (comparative)
tightest (superlative)

baggy

firmly held together; of clothing or other material

slack

antonym(s) of “well-rehearsed and accurate”

From Middle English tight, tyght, tyȝt, tiht, variants of thight, thiht, from Old English *þiht, *þīht (attested in meteþiht), from Proto-West Germanic *þį̄ht(ī), from Proto-Germanic *þinhtaz, from Proto-Indo-European *tenkt- (“dense, thick, tight”), from Proto-Indo-European *ten- (“to stretch, pull”).
Cognate with Scots ticht, West Frisian ticht, Danish tæt, Icelandic þéttur (“dense”), Norwegian tett, Swedish tät, Dutch dicht (“dense”), German dicht (“dense”).
The current form with t- /t/ rather than etymologically-expected th- /θ/ arose in Middle English under the influence of the etymologically-unrelated verbs tighten and tight.

der

(US, slang, motor racing) With understeer, primarily used to describe NASCAR stock cars.


dogleg

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-dogleg.wav

The noun is derived from dog + leg, referring to the shape of the hind leg of a dog. The verb is derived from the noun.

colzada

something with a sharp bend or turn in it

The Q Street crossing of Wisconsin Avenue is an extreme example of such a location, the dog-leg itself being so long, about 150 feet, that in reality two T intersections exist.

1962 May 25, Arthur A., Jr. Carter, Increasing the Traffic-Carrying Capability of Urban Arterial Streets: The Wisconsin Avenue Study, Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Public Roads, page 39:

At 4th Avenue and Korean Veterans Boulevard, the completion of Gateway Boulevard would correct the existing dog-leg intersection with Franklin Street.

2009 July 25, Gateway Boulevard Supplemental Draft Environmental Impact Statement, Washington, D.C.: Federal Highway Administration, page 3-6:

McCormack had been stalking its corridors for months, turning down its dog-legs and dead ends, doubling back on himself.

2022, Liam McIlvanney, The Heretic, page 15:

(US, also attributively) A single intersection consisting of two opposing T-junctions in close proximity; an intersection with a staggered cross street.

staggered crossroads

intersection consisting of two opposing T-intersections


barb

PIE word
 *bʰardʰéh₂
From Middle English barbe, from Middle French barbe, from Old French barbe (“beard, beard-like element”). Doublet of beard.

(US) The sciaenid fish Menticirrhus americanus, found along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of the United States.


hacker

Possibly from hack(ney cab) (“carriage pulled by a hackney horse, or motorized vehicle, available for public hire”) + -er (suffix forming agent nouns).

suffix

Start runnin' for a streetcar and they open up with machine guns and bump two pedestrians, a hacker asleep in his cab, and an old scrubwoman on the second floor workin' a mop. And they miss the guy they're after.

1938 January, Raymond Chandler, “Red Wind. Chapter 3.”, in Trouble is My Business, New York, N.Y.: Pocket Books, published May 1965, →OCLC, page 173:

Washington Hacker Charles A. Culp and his pet macaw parrot, Capt. Bligh, ran afoul of the law when a policeman charged Culp with failure to give full time and attention to driving, because he was tickling Capt. Bligh who has a perch in the cab.

1965 January 24, “Bird costs cabbie $10”, in The Hartford Courant, daily edition, number CXXVIII, Hartford, Conn.: The Hartford Courant Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 4A, columns 4–5:

"That's Brooklyn," the hacker said, his tone accusing. "I don't go to Brooklyn, mister. Anyways, I'm due at the garage." Nathan Shapiro is usually gentle with cab drivers. He was not, this hot afternoon of a fruitless day—and a day which was supposed to have been an off-duty day—Shapiro felt no gentleness.

1972, Richard Lockridge, chapter 11, in Write Murder Down, Philadelphia, Pa., New York, N.Y.: J[oshua] B[allinger] Lippincott Company, →ISBN, page 129:

(US, road transport) One who operates a taxicab; a cabdriver.


transfer

en-noun

transfer (countable and uncountable, plural transfers)

/tɹɑːnsˈfɜː/

transfer student
transfer student#English

(US, Canada, varsity sports) Short for transfer student.


really

From Middle English really, realy, rialliche, equivalent to real + -ly.

real-ly (alternative)
reälly (alternative)

وَٱللّٰه؟

indicating surprise at, or requesting confirmation of, some new information

gosh

incredulity, phatically contrived incredulity, or in ironic/sarcastic sense

A: That girl talks about herself way too much.

B: Really. She's a nightmare.

(informal, chiefly US) Indicating affirmation, agreement.


res

(Canada, US, informal) Clipping of reservation or reserve.


representative

From Middle English (implied in representatyfliche), from Old French representatif. By surface analysis, represent + -ative; See representation.

All representatives face re-election every two years.

(US, politics) Specifically, a member of the United States House of Representatives.


palaver

palaver (countable and uncountable, plural palavers)

→ Danish: palaver

→ Finnish: palaveri

→ German: Palaver

→ Hungarian: paláver

→ Swedish: palaver

Originally nautical slang, from Portuguese palavra (“word”), from Late Latin parabola (“parable, speech”). The term's use (especially in Africa) mimics the evolution of the word moot. As such, for sense development, see moot. Doublet of parable, parole, and parabola.

doublet

Frances pulled his hair heartily, and then went and seated herself on her husband’s knee, and there they were, like two babies, kissing and talking nonsense by the hour—foolish palaver that we should be ashamed of.

1847, Emily Brontë, chapter III, in Wuthering Heights:

These remarks were received with a differing demonstration: some of the company declaring that if the Dutchman cared to come round and smoke a pipe they would be glad to see him—perhaps he'd show where the thumbscrews had been put on; others being strongly of the opinion that they didn't want any more advice—they had already had advice enough to turn a donkey's stomach. What they wanted was to put forth their might without any more palaver; to do something, or for some one; to go out somewhere and smash something, on the spot—why not?—that very night.

1886, Henry James, The Princess Casamassima, London: Macmillan and Co.:

Knowing full well the right time and the wrong time for a palaver of regret and disavowal, this battalion struggled in the desperation of despair.

Some of the palavers could take half a day.

1979, V. S. Naipaul, A Bend in the River:

(Canada, US, archaic in Britain) Talk, especially unnecessary talk; chatter. [from 18th c.]


hajji

hajjis (plural)
hadji (alternative)
haji (alternative)

Borrowed from Middle French hagi, from Ottoman Turkish حاجی (hacı), from Classical Persian حَاجِی (hājī).

(derogatory, slang, US, ethnic slur) A Muslim or Arab.