下

Characters in the same phonetic series (下) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
In oracle bone script, it is an ideogram (指事) that shows the concept of "down" by showing one line below another (contrast 上). This form evolved into 下 in later scripts, the character used today.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(k/g)la-k/j/t (“to fall”) (STEDT):
* inside Sinitic, cognate with 落 (OC *ɡ·raːɡ, “to fall, to drop”), 露 (OC *ɡ·raːɡs, “dew”), 陊 (OC *l'aːlʔ, *l'alʔ, “to collapse”) and 阤 (OC *l'alʔ, *hljalʔ, “hillside, slope”);
* outside Sinitic, cognate with Mizo tla ~ tlâk (“to fall”), thla ~ thlâk (“to drop”), Burmese ကျ (kya., “to fall”) and ချ (hkya., “to drop”).
Schuessler (2007) instead proposed an Austroasiatic origin by comparing 下 (OC *ɡraːʔ, “to descend, down, below”) to Khmer [script needed] (gra'ka, “be low, debased”); additionally, he suggested that Sino-Tibetan influence had possibly caused the weakening of foreign final *-k to OC final *-ʔ. He derives the departing tone (去聲) pronunciation via two derivations:
* 下 (OC *ɡraːs, “to be put down”) is an exopassive derivation (ibid.);
* 下 (OC *ɡraːs, “to descend, to fall”) is a later, general departing tone derivative (ibid.).

cog

(transitive) (with limited objects, often figuratively) to put something down


儇

(Ningbonese, Shadi Wu) (of a child) good; obedient; clever; well-behaved


排

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *brɯːl): semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 非 (OC *pɯl) – to place in line.
Note resemblance to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s/m-ba ~ *s/m-baːy (“to throw”), whence Burmese ပယ် (pai, “to reject, disqualify”).


梗

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kraːŋʔ): semantic 木 + phonetic 更 (OC *kraːŋ, *kraːŋs) – a type of plant.

Han compound

(Ningbonese) Classifier for long, slender objects, including ropes, fish, feathers, sticks. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier


歇

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *qʰad): phonetic 曷 (OC *ɡaːd) + semantic 欠.
Related to 愒 (OC *kʰrad) (Sagart, 2007) and 憩 (OC *kʰrads) (Wang, 1982).

Han compound

1996, Tang Zhenzhu, Wu Xinmin, Wu Xinxian, 寧波方言詞典, page 363:

To learn a foreign language, you cannot do it without a radio.

要學外語，一隻錄音機歇勿來個

要学外语，一只录音机歇勿来个


脫

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (脫):
* → Vietnamese: thoát (脫)

→ Ahom: 𑜌𑜨𑜄𑜫 (thot)

→ Lao: ຖອດ (thǭt)

desc

→ Lü: ᦏᦸᧆᧈ (ṫhoad¹)

→ Lü: ᦏᦸᧆᧈ (ṫhoad¹)

→ Northern Thai: ᨳᩬᨯ

→ Tai Dón: ꪖꪮꪒ

→ Tai Nüa: ᥗᥨᥖᥱ (thǒt)

→ Thai: ถอด (tɔ̀ɔt)

→ Shan: ထွတ်ႇ (thàut)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd): semantic ⺼ + phonetic 兌 (OC *l'oːds).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-lwat (“free; release; slip; dislocate”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007).
:Within Chinese, cognate with 蛻 (OC *l̥ʰoːds, “exuviae (skin cast off during molting)”), 愉 (OC *lo, “relax > happy, pleased”), 悅 (OC lod, “contented”), 說 (OC *hljod, “to speak, to explain”), 說 (OC *hljods, “to persuade”), 偷 (OC *l̥ʰoː, “to steal”), 奪 (OC *Cə.lˁot, “to rob, to snatch”);
:Outside Chinese, cognate with Tibetan གློད་པ (glod pa, “loosen, relax, slacken”), Tibetan ཧློད་པ (hlod pa, “loose, relaxed”), Lepcha ᰒᰤᰦᰳ (flját), ᰒᰤᰩᰳ (fljót), Burmese လွှတ် (hlwat), Burmese ချွတ် (hkywat).
In its use in Northern Wu languages, such as Shanghainese, Suzhounese, and Ningbonese, as well as Lower Yangtze Mandarin, it is likely from a grammaticalisation of the verb. Compare with 落 (Wuxi, Changzhou) and 掉 (Haining, Danyang).

cog

2019, “垃圾分类再垃圾倒”, 王渊超 [Wang Yuanchao] (lyrics), 王渊超 [Wang Yuanchao] (music):

二噁英 二噁英 邪氣惡形 / 所以 濕垃圾脫乾垃圾要分分清

二𫫇英 二𫫇英 邪气恶形 / 所以 湿垃圾脱干垃圾要分分清


該

該個

该个


鏖

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) fierce

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) clamorous


鹽

Characters in the same phonetic series (監) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡ·lam, *ɡ·lams): phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms) + semantic 鹵 (“salt”).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-rjum (“salt”). The Min forms point to a fricative initial in Proto-Min *ziem (“a white encrustation formed from saltwater or brine”).

cog

盐
䀋
𪉹
𪉩
塩
𥂁
𪉟
盐
醃
豉
漬

(Ningbonese, of one's body) to be drenched in sweat

(Ningbonese) to apply soap to; to dab or cover with soap


屁眼

/pʰi⁵¹ jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰi⁵¹ jɑɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰei̯³³ ŋaːn¹³/

/pʰi⁵⁵ ŋe²¹/

/pʰi⁴⁵ ŋan⁴¹/

/pʰi³²⁴⁻³¹ ŋan³³/

/pʰi⁵¹ jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰi⁵¹ jɑɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰei̯³³ ŋaːn¹³/

/pʰi⁵⁵ ŋe²¹/

/pʰi⁴⁵ ŋan⁴¹/

/pʰi³²⁴⁻³¹ ŋan³³/

(Tianshui Mandarin, Shadi Wu, Ningbonese) buttocks


仙人

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ zin²³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ lin²⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²⁴/

/ɕi⁵⁵ n̠ʲin²¹/

/ɕi³³ n̠ʲiŋ⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ zin²³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ lin²⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²⁴/

/ɕi⁵⁵ n̠ʲin²¹/

/ɕi³³ n̠ʲiŋ⁵¹/

仙人拍鼓有時錯，跤步踏差啥人無 / 仙人拍鼓有时错，跤步踏差啥人无

sian-jîn phah kó͘ iú sî chhò, kha-pō͘ ta̍h-chha siáⁿ-lâng bô


後背

/xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ peɪ̯⁵¹/

/hɐu̯²² puːi̯³³/

/heu³² pᵘɔi³³⁻²¹/

/heu⁵³⁻⁵⁵ poɪ⁵³/

/xəu̯²¹⁻¹¹ pe̞i̯⁴⁵/

/xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ peɪ̯⁵¹/

/hɐu̯²² puːi̯³³/

/heu³² pᵘɔi³³⁻²¹/

/heu⁵³⁻⁵⁵ poɪ⁵³/

/xəu̯²¹⁻¹¹ pe̞i̯⁴⁵/

And, behold, a woman, which was diseased with an issue of blood twelve years, came behind him, and touched the hem of his garment.

現代臺灣客語譯本 (Today's Taiwan Hakka Version), 馬太福音 (Matthew) 9:20

Yû yit-ke fu-ngìn-kâ, pot hiet-leu-phiang sṳ̍p-ngi ngièn; kì hàng-to Yâ-sû ke heu-poi, miâ kì ke sâm-mî.

有一個婦人家，發血漏病十二年；姖行到耶穌个後背，摸佢个衫尾。

有一个妇人家，发血漏病十二年；姖行到耶稣个后背，摸佢个衫尾。

(Lichuan Gan, Hakka, Pinghua, Taishanese, Xiang, Ningbonese) behind; rear; back


𠀊

From part of 大 (“big”) and part of 小 (“small”) – not big, not small.

(Zhejiang Wu, including Jiande Wu, Ningbonese and Shaoxing Wu, of people or animals) not big but not small; medium; intermediate


果肉

/ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐoʊ̯⁵¹/

/kʷɔː³⁵ jʊk̚²/

/ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐoʊ̯⁵¹/

/kʷɔː³⁵ jʊk̚²/

(Ningbonese) shelled peanut; peanut kernel


造孽

/t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ni̯ɛ⁵¹/

/t͡sau²¹³ nʲiɛ²¹/

/t͡so²²⁻²¹ ɡiɛt̚⁴/

/t͡so³³⁻¹¹ ɡiɛt̚⁴/

/t͡sɤ³³⁻²¹ ɡiɛt̚⁴/

/t͡so²²⁻²¹ ɡiɛt̚¹²¹/

/t͡so²² ɡiɛt̚²⁴/

/t͡sʰɒu̯⁴⁵ n̠ʲi̯e̞²⁴/

/t͡sɒu̯²¹⁻¹¹ n̠ʲi̯e̞²⁴/

/d͡zɤ¹¹ ni³⁵/

/t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ni̯ɛ⁵¹/

/t͡sau²¹³ nʲiɛ²¹/

/t͡so²²⁻²¹ ɡiɛt̚⁴/

/t͡so³³⁻¹¹ ɡiɛt̚⁴/

/t͡sɤ³³⁻²¹ ɡiɛt̚⁴/

/t͡so²²⁻²¹ ɡiɛt̚¹²¹/

/t͡so²² ɡiɛt̚²⁴/

/t͡sʰɒu̯⁴⁵ n̠ʲi̯e̞²⁴/

/t͡sɒu̯²¹⁻¹¹ n̠ʲi̯e̞²⁴/

/d͡zɤ¹¹ ni³⁵/


嘸沒

/m̩²² məʔ⁴⁴/

/m̩²² məʔ⁴⁴/


啥地方

/ʂä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sa³³ di⁵⁵ fɑ̃²¹/

/sa⁴⁴ di²² fɑ̃⁴⁴/

/ʂä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sa³³ di⁵⁵ fɑ̃²¹/

/sa⁴⁴ di²² fɑ̃⁴⁴/

儂住辣啥地方？

侬住辣啥地方？

(Shanghainese, Ningbonese, dialectal Mandarin) where


罪過

/t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ku̯ɔ⁵¹/

/t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹ g̊u̯ɔ¹/

/t͡sɵy̯²² kʷɔː³³/

/t͡sʰuɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ kuo⁵³/

/t͡sue³³⁻²¹ kɤ²¹/

/t͡sue³³⁻¹¹ ko¹¹/

/t͡sue²²⁻²¹ ko²¹/

/zɐɪ²² kəu⁴⁴/

/zɐɪ²² kʰəu⁴⁴/

/t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ku̯ɔ⁵¹/

/t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹ g̊u̯ɔ¹/

/t͡sɵy̯²² kʷɔː³³/

/t͡sʰuɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ kuo⁵³/

/t͡sue³³⁻²¹ kɤ²¹/

/t͡sue³³⁻¹¹ ko¹¹/

/t͡sue²²⁻²¹ ko²¹/

/zɐɪ²² kəu⁴⁴/

/zɐɪ²² kʰəu⁴⁴/

/t͡se³³⁻²¹ kua²¹/

/t͡se²²⁻²¹ kua²¹/

/t͡se³³⁻¹¹ kua¹¹/

/t͡se³³⁻²² kua⁴¹/

/t͡se³³⁻²¹ kua²¹/

/t͡se²²⁻²¹ kua²¹/

/t͡se³³⁻¹¹ kua¹¹/

/t͡se³³⁻²² kua⁴¹/

You don't need to pity such a wicked person at all for getting executed by shooting.

介壞人吃槍斃，一眼好甮罪過渠個。

介坏人吃枪毙，一眼好甮罪过渠个。


卵黃

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (卵黃):
* → Japanese: 卵(らん)黄(おう) (ran'ō)
* → Korean: 난황(卵黃) (nanhwang)
* → Vietnamese: noãn hoàng (卵黃)

/lu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/lɵn³⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/

/lɔn³¹ ʋɔŋ¹¹/

/sɔŋ⁵⁵ uaŋ³³/

/l̃ouŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ uoŋ⁵³/

/nŋ̍²²⁻²¹ ŋ̍²⁴/

/lu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/lɵn³⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/

/lɔn³¹ ʋɔŋ¹¹/

/sɔŋ⁵⁵ uaŋ³³/

/l̃ouŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ uoŋ⁵³/

/nŋ̍²²⁻²¹ ŋ̍²⁴/


睏衫

/kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ sã⁴⁴/

/kʰun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sã³³/

/kʰun²¹⁻⁴¹ sã⁴⁴/

/kʰun¹¹⁻⁵³ sã⁴⁴/

/kʰuəŋ⁵⁵ sɛ³³/

/kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ sã⁴⁴/

/kʰun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sã³³/

/kʰun²¹⁻⁴¹ sã⁴⁴/

/kʰun¹¹⁻⁵³ sã⁴⁴/

/kʰuəŋ⁵⁵ sɛ³³/


渠儂

tlb

(Wu, obsolete in Shanghainese and Suzhounese)

/t͡ɕʰy³⁵ nʊŋ³⁵/

/d͡ʑy²² noŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰy³⁵ nʊŋ³⁵/

/d͡ʑy²² noŋ⁴⁴/

while 渠 is more common in other varieties

Chinese varieties in general do not distinguish gender

distinctions are only sometimes made in writing.佢 is commonly used in Yue

(dated in Ningbonese, still used in Tangxi Wu) he; she; it


阿裡

阿里
阿裏
嚡裡
鞋裡
何裡

(Northern Wu, including Shanghainese and Ningbonese) where

(Northern Wu, including Shanghainese and Ningbonese) which


有生

/joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/jɐu̯¹³ sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/i̯u²⁴⁻¹¹ sen²⁴/

/joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/jɐu̯¹³ sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/i̯u²⁴⁻¹¹ sen²⁴/


晦氣

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/

/hue²¹⁻⁵³ kʰi²¹/

/hue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰi⁴¹/

/hue⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi²¹/

/huɐɪ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³³/

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/

/hue²¹⁻⁵³ kʰi²¹/

/hue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰi⁴¹/

/hue⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi²¹/

/huɐɪ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³³/

(Ningbonese) to bring someone a misfortune

1996, Tang Zhenzhu, Wu Xinmin, Wu Xinxian, 寧波方言詞典, page 174:

介難看東西也會買買渠，和個來的晦氣鈔票

介难看东西也会买买渠，和个来的晦气钞票

(Ningbonese) to squander; to waste; to badly spend


𣍐

𫧃
不
未
袂
袜
沒
𬒮
賣
𠁞
𠊉
𫧃
𠊉
𫧃

上海去𣍐？

上海去𠊉？

(Ningbonese) Final interrogative particle, forming yes/no questions.


逐日

/tyʔ⁵⁻³³ nˡiʔ⁵/

/tak̚²³⁻² lit̚²³/

/tak̚²⁴⁻² lit̚²⁴/

/tak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ d͡zit̚¹²¹/

/tak̚³⁻³² d͡zɛt̚³/

/tyʔ⁵⁻³³ nˡiʔ⁵/

/tak̚²³⁻² lit̚²³/

/tak̚²⁴⁻² lit̚²⁴/

/tak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ d͡zit̚¹²¹/

/tak̚³⁻³² d͡zɛt̚³/

(Eastern Min, Hokkien, Taiwanese Hakka, Ningbonese) every day; daily


肺家

/feɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/fɐi̯³³ kaː⁵⁵/

/feɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/fɐi̯³³ kaː⁵⁵/

traditional Chinese medicine
traditional Chinese medicine

(traditional Chinese medicine or Hakka, Ningbonese) lung (organ)


羅漢豆

ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄏㄢˋ ㄉㄡˋ

ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄏㄢˋ ㄉㄡˋ

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ xän⁵¹⁻⁵³ toʊ̯⁵¹/

/lɔː²¹ hɔːn³³ tɐu̯²²⁻³⁵/

/ləu²² he⁵⁵ dœʏ³¹/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ xän⁵¹⁻⁵³ toʊ̯⁵¹/

/lɔː²¹ hɔːn³³ tɐu̯²²⁻³⁵/

/ləu²² he⁵⁵ dœʏ³¹/

Pisum sativum
Pisum sativum#Translingual


野老公

/ia²¹³⁻²¹ lau¹ kɔŋ⁴²/

/i̯a̠⁴¹ lɒu̯⁴¹ kʊŋ³³/

/i̯a̠⁴¹ lɒu̯⁴¹ kən³³/

/i̯ä³³ lɑʊ̯³³ kɤŋ⁴⁴⁵/

/ia²¹³⁻²¹ lau¹ kɔŋ⁴²/

/i̯a̠⁴¹ lɒu̯⁴¹ kʊŋ³³/

/i̯a̠⁴¹ lɒu̯⁴¹ kən³³/

/i̯ä³³ lɑʊ̯³³ kɤŋ⁴⁴⁵/

(Gan, Xiang, Ningbonese) paramour; male lover


作興

/t͡sɔ²⁴ eiŋ³³/

/t͡sɔ²⁴ eiŋ³³/

/t͡soʔ⁵ ɕĩ³¹/

/t͡soʔ³³ ɕin⁴⁴/

/t͡soʔ⁴³ ɕin⁴⁴/

/t͡soʔ⁴⁴ ɕin²³/

/t͡soʔ⁵ ɕĩ³¹/

/t͡soʔ³³ ɕin⁴⁴/

/t͡soʔ⁴³ ɕin⁴⁴/

/t͡soʔ⁴⁴ ɕin²³/


四角框

/si²¹³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾øyʔ²⁴⁻²¹ kʰuoŋ⁵⁵/

/si²¹⁻⁵³ kak̚³²⁻⁵ kʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/si⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kak̚⁵⁻²⁴ kʰiɪŋ³³/

/si²¹⁻⁵³ kak̚³²⁻⁴ kʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/si²¹³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾øyʔ²⁴⁻²¹ kʰuoŋ⁵⁵/

/si²¹⁻⁵³ kak̚³²⁻⁵ kʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/si⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kak̚⁵⁻²⁴ kʰiɪŋ³³/

/si²¹⁻⁵³ kak̚³²⁻⁴ kʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/

(Eastern Min, Southern Min, Ningbonese) The Chinese character component 囗.


外頭人

/βai²² təu²¹ ɲen²¹/

/ŋa²² dɤ⁵⁵ n̠ʲin²¹/

/ŋɑ²² døy³³ n̠ʲin/

/ŋa²² dœʏ⁵⁵ n̠ʲiŋ³¹/

/u̯ai̯²¹⁻¹¹ təu̯³ ʐən¹³/

/βai²² təu²¹ ɲen²¹/

/ŋa²² dɤ⁵⁵ n̠ʲin²¹/

/ŋɑ²² døy³³ n̠ʲin/

/ŋa²² dœʏ⁵⁵ n̠ʲiŋ³¹/

/u̯ai̯²¹⁻¹¹ təu̯³ ʐən¹³/

(Southern Pinghua, Shanghainese, Ningbonese, Danyang Wu) one who is not born in the area; non-local; out-of-towner

(Southern Pinghua, Shanghainese, Ningbonese, Danyang and Jinhua Wu, Changsha Xiang) outsider; stranger


卵漿

/lõ⁴¹ t͡si̯æn³³/

/lõ⁴¹ t͡ɕi̯æn³³/

/lõ⁴¹ t͡si̯æn³³/

/lõ⁴¹ t͡ɕi̯æn³³/


踏斗

/taʔ⁵⁻³³ tau³³/

/taʔ⁴⁻²¹ tau⁴⁵³/

/taʔ⁵⁻³³ tau³³/

/taʔ⁴⁻²¹ tau⁴⁵³/

(Ningbonese) a kind of tool for drawing water from a well


娘戲屄

(vulgar, slang) fuck your mother; fuck you


歇過

/ɕiɪʔ³³ ku⁴⁴/

/çiɪʔ⁴⁴ ku³⁵/

/ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵ kəu⁵²³/

/ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵ kəu³³/

/ɕiɪʔ³³ ku⁴⁴/

/çiɪʔ⁴⁴ ku³⁵/

/ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵ kəu⁵²³/

/ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵ kəu³³/

The father has no yielding power at all: the son treats him as if he doesn't even exist.

阿伯老頭一眼嘸沒怕權個，兒子當渠歇過一樣

阿伯老头一眼呒没怕权个，儿子当渠歇过一样

(Ningbonese) to not exist; to not be present


六斤四兩

/loʔ²² t͡ɕin³³ sz̩⁴⁴ liã/

/loʔ²² t͡ɕin³³ sz̩⁴⁴ liã/

It was said that in Qing dynasty, a man who embezzled 100 taels of silver (equal to 6 catties and 4 taels) will be beheaded.

(Northern Wu, including Ningbonese and Suzhounese, humorous) head


手提琴

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰe²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰim²⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰe²³⁻³³ kʰim²³/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰe²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰim²⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰe²³⁻³³ kʰim²³/

GT - General Taiwanese (no particular region identified)


爆醃

/bɔ²² ɦie³⁵/

/bɔ²² ɦie⁴⁴/

/bɔ²² ɦie³⁵/

/bɔ²² ɦie⁴⁴/

Let's just make a quick salted cucumber salad - no need to cook any other dishes.

⁷soq-shin₅ ⁷iq-tsaq₇ ⁶waon-ko₁ ⁶bau-yi₆-yi₆ ⁵shiau-tshe₅ ⁵hau ⁶viau ¹sau-leq₈

索性一隻黃瓜爆醃醃，小菜末好覅燒了。

索性一只黄瓜爆腌腌，小菜末好覅烧了。

(Shanghainese and Ningbonese) to quickly salt; to pickle for a short period of time


來勒

/le²² ləʔ⁴⁴/

/le²² lɐʔ⁴⁴/

/le²² ləʔ⁴⁴/

/le²² lɐʔ⁴⁴/

/le¹³ ləʔ²¹/


來當

/le²² tɔ̃⁴⁴/

/le²² tɔ̃⁴⁴/


來當

/le²² tɔ̃⁴⁴/

/le²² tɔ̃⁴⁴/


做七頭

/t͡səu³³ t͡ɕʰiɪʔ⁴⁴ dœʏ⁵⁵/

/t͡səu³³ t͡ɕʰiɪʔ⁴⁴ dœʏ⁵⁵/

(Ningbonese) to perform Buddhist or Taoist rituals every seven days after a person's death, till the 49th day


啥幹

Contraction of 啥 and 事幹／事干.
Compare e.g. Shanghainese, Suzhounese 啥體／啥体 from 啥 + 事體／事体.


飯𣖄

/vɛ²² t͡ɕʰiɔ⁴⁴/

/vẽ̞¹¹ t͡ɕʰɔ⁵³/

/vɛ²² t͡ɕʰiɔ⁴⁴/

/vẽ̞¹¹ t͡ɕʰɔ⁵³/

(Hangzhounese and Ningbonese) rice scoop; rice spoon


腳甲掐

/t͡ɕiɐʔ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɐʔ³³ kʰɐʔ³¹/

/t͡ɕiɐʔ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɐʔ³³ kʰɐʔ³¹/

GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)


瓶蓋頭

/biŋ²² ke⁴⁴ dœʏ⁵⁵/

/biŋ²² ke⁴⁴ dœʏ⁵⁵/


夜點心

/ɦia²² ti⁵⁵ ɕiŋ³¹/

/ɦia²² te⁵⁵ ɕiŋ³¹/

/ɦia²² ti⁵⁵ ɕiŋ³¹/

/ɦia²² te⁵⁵ ɕiŋ³¹/

(Suzhounese and Ningbonese) late-night snack; supper


嫩相

/nen¹¹ ɕiæ̃⁵³/

/nəŋ²² ɕiã⁴⁴/

/nəŋ⁵³ siɑŋ⁵⁵/

/nen¹¹ ɕiæ̃⁵³/

/nəŋ²² ɕiã⁴⁴/

/nəŋ⁵³ siɑŋ⁵⁵/

(Hakka, Hangzhounese, Ningbonese, Danyang and Jinhua Wu) looking much younger than one's actual age


嫩面

/nəŋ²² mi⁴⁴/

/nəŋ²² mi⁴⁴/

(Wanrong Mandarin, Ningbonese) looking much younger than one's actual age


勤梗括得

Be quieter as you're doing this, don't mess with it so boisterously.

手腳輕眼，莫勤梗括得亂弄。

手脚轻眼，莫勤梗括得乱弄。

The kid is being so loud, I might as well die of annoyance like this.

小人勤梗括得個，人真真撥其煩煞𡀂。

小人勤梗括得个，人真真拨其烦煞𡀂。

(Ningbonese, onomatopoeia) loud clanking or disrupting noises


放樹

/fɔ̃⁵⁵ zz̩ʷ³³/

/xɔŋ¹³⁻³³ ʑy¹¹/

/fɔ̃⁵⁵ zz̩ʷ³³/

/xɔŋ¹³⁻³³ ʑy¹¹/

(dialectal Mandarin, Huizhou, Ningbonese, Loudi Xiang) to chop down trees; to chop wood


朋友家

/bã²² ɦiʏ⁴⁴ ko⁵⁵/

/bã²² ɦiʏ⁴⁴ ko⁵⁵/


應嘴

/jɪŋ³³ t͡sɵy̯³⁵/

/iŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩ʷ³³/

/jɪŋ³³ t͡sɵy̯³⁵/

/iŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩ʷ³³/

(Cantonese, Taiwanese Hakka, Ningbonese) to answer back (to one's parents or superiors); to talk back


懶撲

/ɦlæ³¹ pʰoʔ⁵/

/lɛ²² pʰoʔ⁴⁴/

/ɦlæ³¹ pʰoʔ⁵/

/lɛ²² pʰoʔ⁴⁴/

(Shadi Wu and Ningbonese) lazy fellow; lazybones


牢監犯

/lɔ²² kɛ⁴⁴ vɛ⁵⁵/

/lɔ²² kɛ⁴⁴ vɛ⁵⁵/


打迷鼾

/tɑ⁵³ mi²² hẽ̞³⁴/

/tɑ⁵³ mi²² hẽ̞³⁴/