連

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 辶 (“to walk”) + 車 (“chariot”) – man-drawn carriage.
According to Duan Yucai, 聯 /联 (lián) and 連 are two characters for a same word, with the former used in the Zhou dynasty and the latter in the Han dynasty.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-rjan (“equal; to place in a row; to align; row”); related to 聯 (OC *ɡ·ron) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007).

inh

(grammar) Short for 連詞／连词 (liáncí, “conjunction”).

Lien Chan (chairman of the Kuomintang from 2000 to 2005)

連戰

连战


逼

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *prɯɡ): semantic 辶 + phonetic 畐 (OC *pʰrɯɡ, *bɯɡ).


逼

(Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to interpret (one's fortune, etc.)


遇

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ŋos): semantic 辶 + phonetic 禺 (OC *ŋo, *ŋos).
Possibly cognate with 遘 (OC *koːs, *koːs, “to meet”)，覯 (OC *koːs, “to come across”).


運

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (運):
* → Japanese: 運(うん) (un)
* → Korean: 운(運) (un)
* → Vietnamese: vận (運)

Characters in the same phonetic series (軍) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɢuns): semantic 辵 (“motion”) + phonetic 軍 (OC *kun).
STEDT relates it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *wal (“round; circular”), which is also connected to the following:
* 圓 (OC *ɢon, “round”)
* 圜 (OC *ɡʷraːn, “round”)
* 旋 (OC *sɢʷans, “to revolve; to return”)
* 環 (OC *ɡʷraːn, “ring”)
* 還 (OC *ɡʷraːn, “to return”)
* 院 (OC *ɦŋons, “courtyard”).
暈 (OC *ɢuns, “halo”) is the same word (Schuessler, 2007). It is possibly related to 雲 (OC *ɢun, “cloud”) (ibid.).
Additionally, Karlgren (1933) relates it to 圍 (OC *ɢʷɯl, “to surround”), and Wang (1982) to 回 (OC *ɡuːl, “to return”).


遍

遍歷

遍历

Such paltry charity cannot reach all. The people will not follow you.

小惠未遍，民弗從也。

小惠未遍，民弗从也。

to be everywhere; to be spread out; to lay out

(literary, or in compounds) common; widespread; universal; pervasive; general; ubiquitous

請再說一遍。

请再说一遍。

已經講咗N遍

已经讲咗N遍

Multiple-pass compilation allows for more extensive and thorough optimization, resulting in a higher quality target program.

Duō biàn biānyì nénggòu shǐ yōuhuà gōngzuò zuò dé gèngduō, gèng chōngfēn, kě huòdé gèng gāo zhìliàng de mùbiāo chéngxù.

多遍編譯能夠使優化工作做得更多、更充分，可獲得更高質量的目標程序。

多遍编译能够使优化工作做得更多、更充分，可获得更高质量的目标程序。

(computing) pass, a run through a document as part of a translation, compilation or reformatting process.


道

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (道):
* → Japanese: 道(どう) (dō)
* → Korean: 도(道) (do)
* → Vietnamese: đạo (道)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *l'uːʔ): semantic 辵 (“walking”) + phonetic 首 (OC *hljuʔ, *hljus).
Possibly derived from 導 (OC *duːs, “to go along, to bring along, to conduct”):
* > "to explain" > "to talk about", and
* > "road, way".
Possibly cognate with Proto-Hmong-Mien *kləuX (“road, way”) (White Hmong kev (“road”)). See also 首 (OC *hljuʔ, *hljus).

och-l

噵
衜
衟
𡬹
𨔞
𨕐
𨕥
𨖁
𨗓

京畿道

(historical) circuit: an administrative division of late imperial China comprising 2 or more commanderies


遞

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *l'eːʔ, *l'eːs): semantic 辶 + phonetic 虒 (OC *sle).

Han compound

递
逓
遰
遆
𨓝
𨔛
𨕑
𨘬
𨓠
𨒾
𮞏
𨔄

(literary, or in compounds) in succession; in order; successively; progressively


選

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sqʰonʔ, *sqʰons) and ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): semantic 辵 + phonetic 巽 (OC *sqʰuːns).

Han compound

他選了一顆紅蘋果。

他选了一颗红苹果。


避

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *beɡs): semantic 辶 (“to walk”) + phonetic 辟 (OC *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ).


部

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *boːʔ, *boːʔ, *boːʔ, *boːʔ): phonetic 咅 (OC *pʰɯʔ, *pʰl'oːs) + semantic 邑.

Han compound

我想去看一部電影。

我想去看一部电影。

Classifier for works of literature, films, machines (cars, telephones...), etc. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier


鄉

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 𠨍 (“two people facing each other”) + 皀 (“a round-mouthed food vessel”) – to feast; the original script of 饗 (OC *qʰaŋʔ). The sense "village" was a result of phonetic borrowing or semantic shifting.
In early writing, the character was virtually indistinguishable from 卿 (OC *kʰraŋ). Semantically, 卿 (OC *kʰraŋ, “elder; leader”) and 鄉 (OC *qʰaŋ, “community; district; village”), likely cognates too, were both represented by the event depicted in the ideogram – 饗 (OC *qʰaŋʔ, “ritual feasting”), which was central to the community life (Yang, 1965).
The right half is unrelated to 郎, as 良 in 鄉 was derived from 皀 during the formation of the clerical script.


醉

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (醉):
* → Korean: 취(醉) (chwi)
* → Vietnamese: túy (醉)

/t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ʔsuds): semantic 酉 (“alcoholic drink”) + phonetic 卒 (OC *ʔsuːd, *sʰuːd, *ʔsud).

Han compound

醉蝦

醉虾


醋

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰaːɡs): semantic 酉 + phonetic 昔 (OC *sjaːɡ).


醒

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (醒):
* → Vietnamese: tỉnh (醒)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs): semantic 酉 (“alcohol”) + phonetic 星 (OC *sleːŋ).
Cognate with 清 (OC *sʰleŋ, “clear”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more.


重

/t͡sʰi̯uŋ¹¹/

/t͡sʰi̯uŋ¹¹/

Characters in the same phonetic series (重) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs) and ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 東 (OC *toːŋ, “bag”) – a man carrying a bag. A glyph 土 (“earth”) was later added to show that the bag-carrying man is standing on the ground. From this composition (𡍺) is the current form. In the modern form, the man on top can be seen as 亻 (however, the upper part of the character is unrelated to 千).
See also 以, in which a person is carrying something, 央, in which a person is carrying a pole, and 年, in which a person is carrying the harvest.
Schuessler (2007) notes that the etymology is uncertain and compares the word to Burmese စုံ (cum, “to be sufficient; pair”), which STEDT puts under Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dzum ~ tsum (“pair”).
Pronunciation 3 is the exoactive derivation of pronunciation 1.

inh

多重人格障礙

多重人格障碍

Liǎng'àn yuán shēng tí bùzhù, qīngzhōu yǐ guò wàn chóng shān.

兩岸猿聲啼不住，輕舟已過萬重山。

两岸猿声啼不住，轻舟已过万重山。


量

Characters in the same phonetic series (量) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Inconclusive. In the oracle bone and bronze scripts, the most common form was 日 (“sun”) + 東 (“bag; east”). Here are a few proposed interpretations as an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意):
* 日 was sometimes replaced with 田, so Qiu Xigui thinks that it may be the original character of 糧 (OC *raŋ, “grain field”).
* Yu Xingwu interprets it as measuring something under the sun.
* Guo Moruo interprets it as the sun rising in the east – original character of 亮 (OC *raŋs).
* Huang Dekuan suspects the 日 is actually 昜 (OC *laŋ) as the phonetic component.
Shuowen interprets this as a phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *raŋ, *raŋs): phonetic 曏 (OC *qʰjaŋʔ, *qʰjaŋs, *qʰaŋʔ, *qʰaŋs) + 重 (“weight; heavy”).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)raŋ (“to count, to measure”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007). Cognate to Tibetan བགྲང (bgrang, “to count”), Khaling ʾkhran-ne, Burmese ခြင် (hkrang, “to measure capacity”), Nusu xɹɯ³¹ (“to count”).
Pronunciation 2 is possibly a *-s suffixed exopassive derivation of Pronunciation 1; thus it means "what is measured → a measure" and is cognate to Tibetan གྲངས (grangs, “number”) (see also Unger (1983))


金

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (金):
* → Japanese: 金(きん) (kin)
* → Korean: 금(金) (geum), 김(金) (gim)
* → Vietnamese: kim (金)

→ Bouyei: jiml (“gold”)

→ Lao: ຄຳ (kham, “gold”)

→ Thai: คำ (kam, “gold”)

→ Zhuang: gim (“gold”)

→ Tagalog: ginto (“gold”)

Characters in the same phonetic series (金) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *krɯm): semantic 士 (“upside-down ritual axe perhaps made of precious materials”) + semantic 丷 (“two blocks of metal”) + phonetic 亼. The semantic component in folk etymology is very often misinterpreted as 王. The minerals, originally drawn as : and then as 丷, are sometimes indicated as 呂, however the latter is the pictogram of two vertebrae.
The upper component 亼 is the ancient form for 今 (OC *krɯm) and it represents an open mouth flipped upside down; it indicates the original pronunciation of the whole character.
Shuowen interprets it as an image of metal in the earth (Xu Shen writes "象金在土中形") with 亼 as phonetic. But the most ancient versions do not contain the pictogram of the earth.
Originally referred to copper, first used during the Copper Age and the Jade Age in China (hence before the Bronze Age, during which the first bronzes were produced); later the meaning was extended to metal as a whole, and then to gold.
Starostin reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gǝ̆m (“metal”); compare Tedim Chin xam (“gold”) and Lepcha ᰀᰩᰮ (kóm, “silver, coin, money”).
“Copper” [prior to 5th BCE] → “metals in general” → “gold”.
The main senses now are “gold” and “metal”.
Some of the Manchu people with this surname are descendants of the Qing imperial family and is a calque of Manchu ᠠᡳᠰᡳᠨ (aisin, “gold”) in their original surname ᠠᡳᠰᡳᠨ
ᡤᡳᠣᡵᠣ (aisin gioro).

defdate

prior to 5th <small class='ce-date'>BCE</small>

𠊍
𨤾
⿳仺𭕄一
𠈘
𠉓
𨥀
𨥄
⿱丿⿴囗⿱二水

(～朝, ～國) (historical) Synonym of 後金 /后金 (Hòujīn), the Jurchen Later Jin state (1616–1636)


針

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (針):
* → Korean: 침(針) (chim)
* → Vietnamese: châm (針)

→ Bouyei: jiml (“needle”)

→ Proto-Mien: *simᴬ (“needle”)

desctree

→ Proto-Tai: *qemᴬ (“needle”)
Northern Tai
Nong Zhuang: chaem
Tai Do: hểm
Zhuang: caemz
Central Tai
Tày: khêm
Southwestern Tai
Thai: เข็ม (kěm)
Lao: ເຂັມ (khem)
Lü: ᦃᦲᧄ (ẋiim)
Tai Dam: ꪹꪄꪸꪣ
Shan: ၶဵမ် (khǎem)
Tai Nüa: ᥑᥥᥛᥴ (xém), ᥔᥥᥛᥴ (sém)
Ahom: 𑜁𑜢𑜉𑜫 (khim)

→ Proto-Vietic: *kiːm

Middle Vietnamese: kim
Vietnamese: kim

Muong: kim

→ Vietnamese: găm

→ Zhuang: cim (“needle”)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kjum, *kjums): semantic 釒 (“metal”) + phonetic 十 (OC *ɡjub).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-ra(p/m) (“needle”); compare Tibetan ཁབ (khab), Burmese အပ် (ap) (STEDT; Hill, 2017). See also 簪 (OC *ʔsɯːm, *ʔsrɯm, “hairpin”), 譖 (OC *ʔsrums, “to accuse, slander”) (STEDT).

Han compound

alt. forms: 箴 (zhēn)

(countable) needle (Classifier: 根 m; 枚 m; 枝 c mn; 眼 c)

打針／打针

防疫針／防疫针

流感針／流感针 [Cantonese] ― lau⁴ gam² zam¹ [Jyutping] ― flu shot

荷爾蒙針／荷尔蒙针 [Cantonese] ― ho⁶ ji⁵ mung⁴ zam¹ [Jyutping] ― hormone injection

(Cantonese) spy; informer; probe (Classifier: 條／条 c)

Classifier for the number of injections.


釣

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *pleːwɢs): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 勺 (OC *pljewɢ, *bljewɢ).

Han compound

GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

(figurative) to go after; to tempt; to lure


鈴

現今車主為了自己部車美觀，條鈴有咁大得咁大，但各位車主知唔知輪圈大一吋對部車有咩影響呢？

2017 April 20, “【車主教室】車鈴越大制動越弱 雨天高危隨時水上飄”, in Apple Daily, archived from the original on 2021-06-21:

Car owners nowadays try to make their cars to have a better appearance and makes the car's wheel rim as large as possible. But do you car owners know what are the effects does a larger wheel rim have on the car?

(Cantonese) Alternative form of 軨 /𫐉 (“wheel rim”) (Classifier: 條／条 c)


銀

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (銀):
* → Japanese: 銀(ぎん) (gin)
* → Okinawan: 銀(じん) (jin)
* → Korean: 은(銀) (eun)
* → Vietnamese: ngân (銀)

→ Proto-Hmong-Mien: *ɲʷi̯ən (“silver”)

White Hmong: nyiaj (“silver, money”)

→ Lao: ເງິນ (ngœn, “silver, money”)

→ Thai: เงิน (ngən, “silver, money”)

desc

→ Vietnamese: ngần (“silvery white; very white”)

→ Zhuang: ngaenz (“silver, money”)

/ᵑɡan²²⁻²²⁵/

/ᵑɡan²²⁻²²⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ŋrɯn): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋul ~ (d-)ŋur. Cognate with Tibetan དངུལ (dngul), Burmese ငွေ (ngwe).


銅

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (銅):
* → Japanese: 銅(どう) (dō)
* → Korean: 동(銅) (dong)
* → Vietnamese: đồng (銅, “copper; dong (Vietnamese currency)”) (see there for further descendants)

desc

→ Khmer: ទង់ (tŭəng, “bronze; red copper; alloy of copper and gold”), ថង (thɑɑng, “gold”), ទង (tɔɔng, “gold”)

→ Lao: ທອງ (thǭng, “copper; gold; metal”)

→ Thai: ทอง (tɔɔng, “gold”)

→ Zhuang: doengz (“copper; brass”)

Characters in the same phonetic series (同) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *doːŋ): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 同 (OC *doːŋ).
Since metals are typically associated with color, the word is probably related to 彤 (OC *l'uːŋ, “red”) (Schuessler, 2007).
The word "copper" occurs in some Southeast Asian languages with initial l- (Sagart, 1999). Examples include Zhuang luengz, Bouyei luangz and Bu-Nao Bunu loŋ², which are early loans from Chinese.
Tibetan དོང་ཙེ (dong tse, “Chinese copper coin”) was borrowed from Chinese 銅子／铜子 (tóngzǐ).

zh-l

銅子／铜子 (tóngzǐ)


鋪

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *pʰaː, *pʰaːs, *pʰa): semantic 金 (“gold; metal”) + phonetic 甫 (OC *paʔ).

Han compound

玩一鋪／玩一铺 [Cantonese] ― waan⁴⁻² jat¹ pou¹ [Jyutping] ― play one round

一鋪清袋／一铺清袋 [Cantonese] ― jat¹ pou¹ cing¹ doi⁶⁻² [Jyutping] ― to lose all money or everything at once

(Cantonese) Classifier for games or matches.


鋪

/pʰou̯³³⁻³⁵/

/pʰou̯³³⁻³⁵/

鋪頭／铺头 [Cantonese] ― pou³ tau⁴⁻² [Jyutping] ― store

Alternative form: 堡


鋼

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *klaːŋ, *klaːŋs): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 岡 (OC *klaːŋ).
Along with 剛 (OC *klaːŋ, “hard, firm, stiff”), derived from the terminative of 固 (OC *kaːs, “firm, solid, hard”), literally "having become solid, hard" (Schuessler, 2007).
For the identity of the unknown preinitial *C reconstructed by Baxter & Sagart (2014), compare the pre-syllable *t- of Proto-Vietic *t-kaːŋ, its reflex.


鐵

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (鐵):
* → Japanese: 鉄(てつ) (tetsu)
* → Korean: 철(鐵) (cheol)

→ Proto-Hmong: *ʰluwꟲ

→ Proto-Mien: *ʰrɛkᴰ

→ Proto-Tai: *ʰlekᴰ

Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ʰlekᴰ¹ˢ

Ahom: 𑜎𑜢𑜀𑜫 (lik)

Lao: ເຫຼັກ (lek)

Lü: ᦵᦜᧅ (l̇ek)

Shan: လဵၵ်း (láek)

Tai Nüa: ᥘᥥᥐᥱ (lěk)

Thai: เหล็ก (lèk)

Nong Zhuang: liak

Zhuang: lek, lik

→ Proto-Vietic: *k-rac

Middle Vietnamese: sắt

Vietnamese: sắt

Muong: khách

→ Zhuang: diet

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *l̥ʰiːɡ): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 𢧤 (). The original version, according to the Shuowen Jiezi, is 𨮯, with 大 on top, hence the original phonetic component should be not 𢧜.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *hljak (“iron”). Cognate with Tibetan ལྕགས (lcags). According to the Shuowen, alternative forms included 銕 (OC *l'iːl, *l̥ʰiːd). Compare 驖 (OC *l̥ʰiːɡ, *l'iːɡ, “black horse”).

Han compound

铁
𨬿
鐡
𨮯
𨫓
銕
鉄
䥫
*鋨

手無寸鐵／手无寸铁

陀鐵／陀铁 [Cantonese] ― to⁴ tit³ [Jyutping] ― to carry a gun

鐵拳／铁拳

鐵漢／铁汉

咱倆關係鐵。

咱俩关系铁。

鐵定／铁定 ― tiědìng ― ironclad

鐵的紀律／铁的纪律

你識條鐵咩？

你识条铁咩？

(Cantonese, colloquial, always with the classifier) nothing; damn all; jack shit; bugger all (Classifier: 條／条 c)


鑽

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ʔsoːn, *ʔsoːns): semantic 釒 + phonetic 贊 (OC *ʔsaːns).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsow-t (“to pierce, plant, erect; a thorn”). Cognate with Burmese စူး (cu:, “to be pierced”), 竄 (OC *sʰoːn, *sʰoːns, “to flee, exile”) (STEDT).

och-l

to go deep into or go through; to get into; to break through; to pierce


閃

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 門 (“gate”) + 人 (“person”) — a person running through a gate.
Possibly iterative devoicing of 燄 (OC *lamʔ, “to be flaming up”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Han compound

打閃

打闪


閉

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 門 (“door”) + abbreviated 材 (“material; timber”).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pi-t (“to close”), which appears to be an areal word. Cognate with Burmese ပိတ် (pit, “to close”), as well as Thai ปิด (bpìt, “to close”).

閉門／闭门

閉氣／闭气

閉會／闭会


閑

4th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "barrier" (𝌉)


闖

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意) – a horse (馬) rushing through a gate (門).


闖

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɑŋ²¹⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɑŋ²¹⁴/


防

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *baŋ, *baŋs): semantic 阝 + phonetic 方 (OC *paŋ, *baŋ).


阿

→ English: Ah

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *qaːl): semantic 阜 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ): Originally meaning a big mound.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔa(ŋ/k)- (noun prefix) (STEDT). Compare Burmese အ- (a.-, “idem”) (Schuessler, 2007, p. 149).
; “atto-”

阿胡拉·馬茲達

Āhúlā Mǎzīdá

阿胡拉·马兹达

Āhúlā Mǎzīdá

Alternative forms: (dated) 亞 /亚, (Hong Kong Cantonese neologism) 牙

阿爸

阿扁

《阿Q正傳》

《阿Q正传》

A Zhen fell in love with A Qiang / One night under a starlit sky

2016, 仁科, 茂涛 (lyrics and music), 《阿珍爱上了阿强》, performed by 五条人

Ā Zhēn àishàng le Ā Qiáng / zài yīge yǒu xīngxīng de yèwǎn

阿珍愛上了阿強 / 在一個有星星的夜晚

阿珍爱上了阿强 / 在一个有星星的夜晚

Prefix used in front of the surname or last character of someone’s given name to express familiarity or friendliness (traditionally used in rural or southern Chinese dialects).


降

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (降):
* → Vietnamese: giáng (降)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kruːŋs, *ɡruːŋ) and ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): semantic 阝 (“hill, wall”) + phonetic 夅 (OC *ɡruːŋ, “to descend”) – descending a hill.

Han compound

夅
𨹓
𡲣
𡲛
夅
𨹓
𡲣
𡲛
𫱔

降落

to fall; to drop; to descend; to come down

降價／降价


降

夅
𨹓
𡲣
𡲛
夅
𨹓
𡲣
𡲛
𫱔

2012, 黃翠芳 [Grace Huang] (lyrics and music), “阿奶好作 [Easy To Be A Lady]”, in 牽等你介手 [Hold Your Hands], performed by 黃翠芳 [Grace Huang]:

People are not born to wait to be served

ngin m heˇ giungˇ haˋ loi ciu+ denˊ ngin fugˋ sii+

人毋係降下來就等人服侍

人毋系降下来就等人服侍


院

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋons): semantic 阝 + phonetic 完 (OC *ɦŋoːn).


陣

Derivation from 敶, itself derived from an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 東 (“sack?”) + 東 + 攴; later, one 東 was abbreviated, and a 阜 added on the left.

風水陣／风水阵

一陣雨

一阵雨

Classifier for short periods of an event: spell; burst; gust ⇒ all nouns using this classifier

(Cantonese) beam; crossbeam (Classifier: 條／条 c)

(Cantonese) Alternative form of 𠹻 (zam6, “classifier for smells”)


除

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *l'a, *l'as): semantic 阜 + phonetic 余 (OC *la).

Han compound

除衫 [Cantonese] ― ceoi⁴ saam¹ [Jyutping] ― to undress (literally, “to take off clothes”)

除鞋 [Cantonese] ― ceoi⁴ haai⁴ [Jyutping] ― to take off shoes

Please always wear the mask, and moderate your conversation in the whole ride.

daap³ sing⁴ dei⁶ tit³ gwo³ cing⁴ zung¹, ceng² nei⁵ cyun⁴ cing⁴ pui³ daai³ hau² zaau³, m⁴ hou² ceoi⁴ dai¹, ce¹ soeng¹ noi⁶ gaam² siu² gaau¹ taam⁴.

搭乘地鐵過程中，請你全程佩戴口罩，唔好除低，車廂內減少交談。

搭乘地铁过程中，请你全程佩戴口罩，唔好除低，车厢内减少交谈。

(Cantonese) to take off (clothes or accessories); to peel off; to strip


陪

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *bɯː): semantic 阜 (“soil mountain”) + phonetic 咅 (OC *pʰɯʔ, *pʰl'oːs)
The 阜 suggests, by extension from the meaning of “pile up soil”, to join up with, to be close to: to accompany.

Han compound

He kept me company while I visited mum in hospital.

Zài wǒ qù yīyuàn tànwàng māma shí, tā yīzhí péizhe wǒ.

在我去醫院探望媽媽時，他一直陪著我。

在我去医院探望妈妈时，他一直陪着我。

keep someone company
keep someone company

to keep someone company; to accompany; to go with


隊

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *l'uːds): semantic 阜 + phonetic 㒸 ().

Han compound

排隊／排队

插隊／插队


隨

→ English: Sui

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ljol): semantic 辵 (“walking”) + abbreviated phonetic 𡐦

Han compound

17th hexagram of the I Ching; "following"


雄

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (雄):
* → Japanese: 雄(ゆう) (yū)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡʷɯŋ): phonetic 厷 (OC *kʷɯːŋ) + semantic 隹.
Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gaŋ (“penis, male”) (STEDT), cognate with Karbi chò-kàng (“penis”), Garo ri-gong (“penis”), Lepcha ᰠᰫᰵᰃᰦᰵ (sun̊-gan̊, “penis”), Pattani gàŋ mì (“male”).
However, Zev Handel doubts the Old Chinese word's cognate status, as "OC labialized initial plus schwa vocalism would normally correspond to a rounded vowel in PTB".

Han compound

雄兵

雄壯

雄壮


集

/t͡saːp̚²⁻³⁵/

/t͡saːp̚²⁻³⁵/

Pictogram (象形) – a bird (隹 (zhuī)) in the tree (木 (mù)).
The variant 雧 (jí) shows three birds instead.
Cognate with 雜 (OC *zuːb, “mixed”) (Karlgren, 1956). Compare Khmer ជួប (cuəp, “to meet”) (Schuessler, 2007).


雷

Ancient simplification of 靁, which was a phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ruːl): semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 畾 (OC *ruːl).
The Northern Min initial s- may be due to the loss of a pre-initial which might have been a velar considering dialect forms in Henan, Hebei and Shanxi, e.g. Taiyuan Jin 忽雷 (hueh4 lui1) (Schuessler, 2007).
Perhaps from Sino-Tibetan. Compare Mizo râwl (“voice; cry (of an animal); sound”), Tibetan ཁྲོལ (khrol).
;"spoiler"
; "loyalty"

cog

畾
𡈶
𩇓
𤴐
𩂩
𤳳
䨓
𩄣
靁
㗊
𤴑

避雷針／避雷针

雷擊／雷击


露

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡ·raːɡs): semantic 雨 + phonetic 路 (OC *ɡ·raːɡs).
Possibly a derivative of 落 (OC *ɡ·raːɡ) (Schuessler, 2007) with exopassivising suffix *-s, literally, "what has been dropped".

Han compound

(literary, or in compounds) fruity beverage; syrup; nectar; juice


靜

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *zleŋʔ): semantic 青 + phonetic 爭 (OC *ʔsreːŋ).
Perhaps from Mon-Khmer; compare Old Khmer siṅ (“to stay in/at; to abide; to be still”) (Schuessler, 2007). 靖 (OC *zleŋʔ) is the same word (ibid.).


靠

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kʰuːɡs): phonetic 告 (OC *kuːɡs, *kuːɡ) + semantic 非.
Compare perhaps Burmese ခု (hku., “to prop up, be filling”).


頂

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (頂):
* → Vietnamese: đỉnh (頂)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *teːŋʔ): phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ) + semantic 頁 (“head”).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-tjaŋ (“upper part”) (STEDT). The sense “damn” is a clipping of 頂你個肺／顶你个肺 (ding² nei⁵ go³ fai³).

inh

兩頂帽／两顶帽 [Cantonese] ― loeng⁵ deng² mou⁶⁻² [Jyutping] ― two hats

一頂轎子／一顶轿子 ― yī dǐng jiàozi ― a palanquin

Classifier for objects with a top, such as hats and palanquins. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier

(Southern Min) Classifier for vehicles. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier


項

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡroːŋʔ): phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ) + semantic 頁 (“head”).

Han compound

項鏈／项链

Goose, goose, goose, it arches its neck and sings to the sky.

鵝鵝鵝，曲項向天歌。

鹅鹅鹅，曲项向天歌。


順

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (順):
* → Japanese: 順(じゅん) (jun)
* → Korean: 순(順) (sun)
* → Vietnamese: thuận (順)

desc

→ Vietnamese: thuần (“docile; experienced”)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɢljuns): phonetic 川 (OC *kʰjon) + semantic 頁.
Shuowen considers it to be an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 川 (“river”) + 頁 (“head”) - flowing in the river, i.e. following/obeying the river's current. Compare the English phrase go with the flow.


領

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (領):
* → Japanese: 領(りょう) (ryō)
* → Korean: 영(領) (yeong), 령(領) (ryeong)
* → Vietnamese: lĩnh (領)

→ Indonesian: nia (“collar”)

→ Old Turkic: ling

Turkmen: lüň (mark for border)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *reŋʔ): phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs) + semantic 頁.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/m-liŋ (“neck”) (STEDT, Schuessler 2007). Cognate with Tibetan མཇིང་པ (mjing pa, “neck”), Mizo ring (“neck”), Burmese လည် (lany, “neck”). Semantics: "neck, collar" > ("to take by the neck" > ) "to lead, to guide" (Schuessler 2007).

Han compound

It will be like the action of turning up your fur collar by simply curling your five fingers and pulling on it—it goes smoothly numberless times.

Ruò qiè qiú lǐng, qū wǔzhǐ ér dùn zhī, shùn zhě bùkě shèng shuò yě.

若挈裘領，詘五指而頓之，順者不可勝數也。

若挈裘领，诎五指而顿之，顺者不可胜数也。

要領

要领

一領衫

一领衫

For the funeral of an executed convict, one is not allowed to assemble his family and friends, but rather summons only his wife and children. The coffin's thickness may be only three inches. There may be only three layers of burial clothing and coverings. One is not allowed to decorate the coffin. One is not allowed to have the funeral procession during the day, but must rather perform the interment at night.

Xíngyú zuìrén zhī sàng, bùdé hé zúdǎng, dú shǔ qīzǐ, guānguǒ sān cùn, yīqīn sān lǐng, bùdé shì guān, bùdé zhòuxíng, yǐ hūn jìn.

刑餘罪人之喪，不得合族黨，獨屬妻子，棺槨三寸，衣衾三領，不得飾棺，不得晝行，以昏殣。

刑余罪人之丧，不得合族党，独属妻子，棺椁三寸，衣衾三领，不得饰棺，不得昼行，以昏殣。

Classifier for items such as clothes, mats and screens.


頭

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (頭):
* → Japanese: 頭(ず) (zu); 頭(とう) (tō)
* → Korean: 두(頭) (du)
* → Vietnamese: đầu (頭)

→? Proto-Tai: *truǝᴬ (“head”)

Ahom: 𑜑𑜥 (hū), 𑜍𑜥 (rū), 𑜍𑜤𑜈𑜫 (ruw)

Lao: ຫົວ (hūa)

Lü: ᦷᦠ (ḣo)

Northern Thai: ᩉ᩠ᩅᩫ

Shan: ႁူဝ် (hǒ)

Tai Dam: ꪬꪺ

Thai: หัว (hǔua)

Zhuang: hu

→ Proto-Tai:

Ahom: 𑜄𑜥 (tū), 𑜄𑜤 (tu)

Bouyei: duez

Lao: ໂຕ (tō), ຕົວ (tūa)

Lü: ᦷᦎ (ṫo)

Northern Thai: ᨲᩫ᩠ᩅ

Saek: ทั๊ว

Shan: တူဝ် (tǒ)

Tai Dam: ꪶꪔ

Thai: ตัว (dtuua)

Zhuang: duz

/tʰɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/tʰɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/

Burmese language
French language
German language
Khmer language
Latin language
Middle High German language
Nuosu language
Proto-Loloish language
Proto-Mon-Khmer language
Proto-Sino-Tibetan language
Tibetan language

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *doː): phonetic 豆 (OC *doːs) + semantic 頁 (“head”).
Replaced earlier 首 (MC syuwX, “head”) due to homophony with 手 (ɕɨuX, “hand”) (Sagart, 1999).
Several etymologies have been proposed:
* From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-bu-s (“head”) or its allofam *du (“head”); compare Tibetan དབུ (dbu, “head”), Burmese ဦး (u:, “head”), Nuosu ꀑ (o, “head”), Proto-Loloish *ʔ-du² (“head”) (Benedict, 1972; Schuessler, 2007; STEDT; Starostin).
* Contraction of 髑髏 (OC *doːɡ roː, “skull”) (Wu, 2006).
* From Proto-Mon-Khmer *duul() (“to carry on one's head”), whence Khmer ទូល (tul); this is phonologically plausible since final consonants are often lost after a long vowel in loanwords (Schuessler, 2007).
* A variant of 豆 (OC *doːs, “a kind of vessel”), as skulls could have been used as drinking recipients; compare French tête (“head”) from Latin testa (“pot; jug”) and German Kopf (“head”) from Middle High German kopf (“drinking vessel”) (Maréchal, 1994; Sagart, 1999). However, Schuessler (2007) notes that 豆 (*doːs) seems like a tone C (去聲) derivation from 頭 (*doː), which may have originally meant “skull”.
* Baxter and Sagart (2014) reconstructs the Old Chinese with a *m- prefix for human body parts, deriving it from 兜 (*toː, “helmet; hood”).

cog-lite

罐頭／罐头

石頭／石头

Suffix that forms nouns.
Added to a noun.

裡頭／里头

前頭／前头

Suffix that forms nouns.
Added to a locative word.

念頭／念头

电影的看頭兒

电影的看头儿

活頭兒／活头儿 ― huótour

Added to a verb to form an abstract noun.

甜頭／甜头

Added to an adjective to form an abstract noun.


顆

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kʰloːlʔ): phonetic 果 (OC *kloːlʔ) + semantic 頁 (“head”).

Han compound

一顆珠子／一颗珠子

Rì dàn lìzhī sān bǎi kē, bùcí cháng zuò lǐngnán rén.

日啖荔枝三百顆，不辭長作嶺南人。

日啖荔枝三百颗，不辞长作岭南人。

In the sky of history blink a few stars; in the human world gallops a heroic spirit hither and thither.

1994, 王健 Wang Jian (lyricist), 谷建芬 Gu Jianfen (composer), "The Sky of History"《歷史的天空》

Lìshǐ de tiānkōng shǎnshuò jǐ kē xīng; rénjiān yī gǔ yīngxióng qì zài chíchěng zònghéng.

歷史的天空閃爍幾顆星；人間一股英雄氣在馳騁縱橫。

历史的天空闪烁几颗星；人间一股英雄气在驰骋纵横。

Classifier for small round objects. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier


題

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *deː, *deːs): phonetic 是 (OC *djeʔ) + semantic 頁 (“head”) – “forehead”.

Han compound

命題

命题

to solve exam questions or exercise problems

解題

解题

刷題

刷题

送命題

送命题

question; quiz; problem (Classifier: 道 m; 條／条 c mn-t)

Classifier for questions. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier


類

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ruːls, *ruds): phonetic 頪 (OC *roːds) + semantic 犬.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rus (“bone”) (STEDT).

Han compound

這類問題

这类问题

Classifier for types of things: type, kind, sort


顧

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kʷaːs): phonetic 雇 (OC *kʷaːs, *ɡʷaːʔ) + semantic 頁.

Han compound

Gu Yanwu (Chinese scholar-official during the latter part of the Ming dynasty into the early part of the Qing)

顧炎武

顾炎武


飄

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *pʰew, *bew): phonetic 票 (OC *pʰew) + semantic 風 (“wind”).


養

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (養):
* → Vietnamese: dưỡng (養)

→ Proto-Tai: *liəŋꟲ (“to raise”)

desc

Thai: เลี้ยง (líiang, “to raise, to bring up”)

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *laŋʔ, *laŋs): phonetic 羊 (OC *laŋ, “sheep”) + semantic 食 (“to feed”).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-klawŋ (“to guard; to tend cattle; to graze; to be at leisure”), whence Tibetan སྐྱོང (skyong, “to keep; to nurture”), Burmese ကျောင်း (kyaung:, “to look after, tend”) (STEDT).

cog

養小人

养小人


首

Sino-Austronesian languages
Warring States

Characters in the same phonetic series (首) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Simplified from 𩠐 (巛 → 丷). Originally pictographic (象形) of an animal with a long mouth and horns. In the oracle bone script, it appeared with or without hair (巛), but 𩠐, the form with hair, was the form that was perpetuated.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-lu; cognate with Mizo lu (“head”). This word has also been compared with Proto-Austronesian *quluh (“head”) (Malay hulu) and Proto-Tai *klawꟲ ~ krawꟲ (“head; hair knot”) (Thai เกล้า (glâao, “hair; head”)), and was used by Sagart to support his Sino-Austronesian hypothesis. Compare 道 (OC *l'uːʔ, “path, road”) (with the same phonetic component) and its relationship with Proto-Hmong-Mien *kləuX (“road, way”).
This word was replaced by 頭 (OC *doː, “head”) by the Warring States period, possibly due to early homophony with 手 (OC *hnjɯwʔ, “hand”).

cog

Classifier for songs and poems. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier


騙

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *pʰens): semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 扁 (OC *pʰen, *benʔ, *peːnʔ, *beːnʔ) – to mount a horse by swinging a leg across it.
; to swindle; to deceive


鬧

In the current form, ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 鬥 (“to fight”) + 市 (“market; town”) – noisy.


鬼

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (鬼):
* → Japanese: 鬼(き) (ki)
* → Korean: 귀(鬼) (gwi)
* → Vietnamese: quỷ (鬼)

→ Thai: กุ๊ย (gúi)

Characters in the same phonetic series (鬼) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形) – a kneeling man or figure with an ugly face (甶). The ugly face could be a mask. The lower right “dot” is a small 厶; it is a residual tail that was added later – compare 离. Related to 畏 (variant 𠂽), which originally depicts a ghost standing with a stick in hand.
Compare 異 (“different, strange”), in which the 田 also derives from a face and indicates a mask. Compare also 禺, in which the top component represents either a mask or a monkey's head.
Unknown. May be related to:
* 威 (OC *qul, “to overawe, to terrorise”) with k-nominalisation and endoactive tone B, lit. "the thing which is doing the overawing" (Childs-Johnson, 1995 apud Schuessler, 2007; Baxter & Sagart, 2014), or
* 歸 (OC *klul, “to return”) (Shuowen Jiezi https://ctext.org/shuo-wen-jie-zi/gui-bu?searchu=%E6%AD%B8&searchmode=showall#result; Liezi https://ctext.org/liezi/tian-rui?searchu=%E9%AC%BC%E6%AD%B8%E4%B9%9F&searchmode=showall#result; Carr, 1985 apud Schuessler, 2007), yet Baxter & Sagart (2014) consider this connection, while semantically plausible, to be a folk etymology; as 鬼 (OC *k-ʔujʔ) and 歸 (OC *[k]ʷəj) had different Old Chinese rhymes & thus were likely unrelated.
See also 詭 (OC *krolʔ, “to deceive; peculiar”).

Han etyl

這房子常常鬧鬼。

这房子常常闹鬼。

人之鬼，非人也。

They prepare the ancestral temple (to receive the tablet of the departed), and there they present offerings to the disembodied spirit.

Classic of Filial Piety, circa 475 – 221 BCE

為之宗廟，以鬼享之。

为之宗庙，以鬼享之。

ghost; apparition; spirit (Classifier: 隻／只)


鮮

→ Vietnamese: tươi

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sen, *senʔ, *sens): semantic 魚 (“fish”) + abbreviated phonetic 羴 (OC *qʰreːn, *qʰljen).
Alternatively, may be ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 魚 (“fish”) + 羊 (“sheep”) – delicious.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gsjar (“new; fresh”) (STEDT). Cognate with Proto-Tibeto-Burman *g-sar (“new; fresh”), whence Tibetan གསར་བ (gsar ba, “new; fresh”), Rawang angsar (“new”), Drung aksal (“new”), Mizo tʰarᴴ (“new”) (Schuessler, 2007); cognate with Tibetan གསར་ (gsar, “new”), Burmese ဆန်း (hcan:, “new, fresh”) (Hill, 2019).

cog

鲜
鱻/𱈜
䲆
觧
⿰⿱⺈冂羊
𱆮
⿰𩵋羊
鲜
*鱻
尟
赻
*尠
鲜


鳥

→ Thai: เจี๊ยว (jíao)

/ni̯aʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴/

/n̠ʲi̯ɒu̯⁴¹/

/ni̯aʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴/

/n̠ʲi̯ɒu̯⁴¹/

Characters in the same phonetic series (鳥) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形): a bird with a dangling tail.
Compare 烏, which is very similar, of similar origin, and 隹, which originated from a similar image of a bird, but is today rather more abstract and less recognizable. Compare to Egyptian 𓄿
Originally pronounced with a /t-/ initial (compare 島 (OC *tuːwʔ, “island”)). In many dialects, it changed to a /n-/ initial to avoid homophony with the vulgar word 屌 (diǎo, “penis”), which may ultimately have developed from the sense “bird”. Birds/fowl are characteristically associated with Chinese slang for genitalia; compare 雀 (“sparrow > penis”) and 雞 (“chicken > penis”).
Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) hypothesised that the /n-/ initial form for “bird” may be unrelated to the /t-/ form. Instead, it may be connected with the Tai-Kadai word for bird; compare Proto-Tai *C̬.nokᴰ (“bird”), whence Thai นก (nók).
The /t-/ form may be derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *daw (“bird”), cognate with Proto-Karen *thoᴮ (“bird”) and Proto-Bodo-Garo *tao² (“bird”).

Han etyl

養鳥

养鸟


鹽

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (鹽):
* → Japanese: 塩(えん) (en)
* → Korean: 염(鹽) (yeom)
* → Vietnamese: diêm (鹽)

Characters in the same phonetic series (監) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡ·lam, *ɡ·lams): phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms) + semantic 鹵 (“salt”).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-rjum (“salt”). The Min forms point to a fricative initial in Proto-Min *ziem (“a white encrustation formed from saltwater or brine”).

cog

盐
䀋
𪉹
𪉩
塩
𥂁
𪉟
盐
醃:Wu

鹽放多了。

盐放多了。

Its articles of tribute were salt, fine cloth of dolichos fibre, productions of the sea of various kinds.

The Book of Documents, circa 4ᵗʰ – 3ʳᵈ century BCE

厥貢鹽絺，海物惟錯。

厥贡盐𫄨，海物惟错。

salt; salty substance, especially table salt

(Southern Min) sweat stain; salt efflorescence

Passwords that are not salted are easily cracked.

沒有加鹽的密碼容易被破解。

没有加盐的密码容易被破解。


鹽

盐
䀋
𪉹
𪉩
塩
𥂁
𪉟
盐
醃:Wu

…, sprinkled on it pieces of cinnamon and ginger, and added salt. It could be eaten thus when dried.

The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE

Xiè guì yǔ jiāng yǐ sǎ zhū shàng ér yàn zhī, qián ér shí zhī.

屑桂與薑以灑諸上而鹽之，乾而食之。

屑桂与姜以洒诸上而盐之，干而食之。

(Classical, Min or Wu) to salt; to lay in brine; to pickle; to marinate

(Southern Min, of a wound) irritated; painful (from salt or medication)


麗

Book of Documents
Book of Rites
Chu Ci
Rites of Zhou
Zuozhuan

Pictogram (象形) – a deer with antlers.
Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructed this word's OC pronunciation as *rêh and considered it a possible allofam of 麗 (OC *rê(k)h) "number" < "what is calculated", exopassive derivative of 歷 (OC *rêk) "to calculate".
麗 underwent this historical semantic shift: from "a pair" (Zhouli), to "mate, companion" (儷) (Zuo), to "paired", to "well-proportioned" (Liji), and finally to "elegant, beautiful" (Chuci) as well as "refinement" (Shu).

丽
𠀙
𠀞
𠧥
𮭶
𮭷
𮭹
𪋘
丽
婯
𡡜
𠪕
䴡

beautiful; lovely; pretty; fair; elegant


麗

丽
𠀙
𠀞
𠧥
𮭶
𮭷
𮭹
𪋘
丽
婯
𡡜
𠪕
䴡

Only used in 高麗／高丽 (Gāolí, “Goryeo”) and 高句麗／高句丽 (Gāogōulí, “Goguryeo”).

麗祖

麗末

麗史

麗制

(Korean Classical Chinese) Short for 高麗 /高丽 (“Goryeo”).


黨

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (黨):
* → Japanese: 党(とう) (tō)
* → Korean: 당(黨) (dang)
* → Vietnamese: đảng (黨)

→ Zhuang: dangj

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *taːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋʔ): phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs) + semantic 黑 (“black”) – black; dark.
The endoactive of 當 (OC *taːŋ, “to be equal of”), literally "that which is equal in rank" (Schuessler, 2007).

Han compound

(for one-party states, in press releases or official media) the ruling party

(Wa State, specifically) United Wa State Party

party
the ruling party
United Wa State Party


鼓

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (鼓):
* → Japanese: 鼓(こ) (ko)
* → Korean: 고(鼓) (go)
* → Vietnamese: cổ (鼓)

Wutunhua: guu

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 壴 (“drum”) + 支 (“hand holding drumstick”). Compare 殸. See also the right component of 段.
Area word; compare Proto-Tai *klɔŋᴬ (“drum”), Saek [script needed] (tlɔɔŋᴬ¹), Proto-Hlai *laŋ¹ (“drum”), Proto-Wa (*kloʔ, "bronze-drum") (Schuessler, 2007).
瞽 (OC *kʷaːʔ, “blind man; musician”) is a derivative.

Han compound

鼔
皷
𡔷
𪔐
𪔨
𪔎
𩉨
𩉲
𩉩
𩊉

仙人拍鼓有時錯，跤步踏差啥人無 / 仙人拍鼓有时错，跤步踏差啥人无

sian-jîn phah kó͘ iú sî chhò, kha-pō͘ ta̍h-chha siáⁿ-lâng bô

Yǎn jiǎozhì, shǐ Jiāodōng, Lǔguó gǔ zhù yán tiě. Hái, zòu shì, xǐ wèi tàicháng chéng.

偃矯制，使膠東、魯國鼓鑄鹽鐵。還，奏事，徙為太常丞。

偃矫制，使胶东、鲁国鼓铸盐铁。还，奏事，徙为太常丞。


齊

Characters in the same phonetic series (齊) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Ideogram (指事): a field of grain, hence of uniform height. Compare 森, in which three trees represent a whole forest.
Either related to Mizo čelʔᴸ (“equal, to endure”) or, more phonologically likely, Tibetan ཚིར (tshir, “queue, order, succession”) as Tibetan /tsʰir/'s final /-r/ can explain the Middle Chinese retroflex initial of 儕 (OC *zriːl), which is derived from 齊 (OC *zliːl). Note also similarities to Burmese စီ (ci, “to line up”), စေ့ (ce., “to keep things close together”).

cog

齐
斉
斊
立
亝
𠫼
𠄷
齐
褿
全
仝
巢
樵
昭
𤍫
焦
勻

Great Sage, Equal to Heaven (An epithet for Sun Wukong, the main character in the classic novel Journey to the West.)

齊天大聖

齐天大圣

"When we see men of worth, we should think of equaling them; when we see men of a contrary character, we should turn inwards and examine ourselves."

The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

“jiànxiánsīqí yān, jiàn bù xián ér nèi zì xǐng yě.”

「見賢思齊焉，見不賢而內自省也。」

「见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也。」

齊白石

齐白石


齊

齐
斉
斊
立
亝
𠫼
𠄷
齐
褿
全
仝
巢
樵
昭
𤍫
焦
勻


龍

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (龍):
* → Japanese: 竜(りゅう) (ryū)
* → Korean: 룡>용(龍) (ryong>yong)
* → Vietnamese: long (龍)

→ Indonesian: liong

desctree

→ Proto-Vietic: *-roːŋ
Tho:
Cuoi Cham: ʐoŋ²
Lang Lo: ʐoŋ²
Viet-Muong:
Muong: rồng
Middle Vietnamese: 蠬 (ròu᷄), 𧏵 (ròu᷄)
Vietnamese: rồng

→ Old Turkic: 𐰠𐰇 (lü)

→ Middle Mongol: ᠯᠤᠤ (luu)

Classical Mongolian: ᠯᠤᠤ (luu)

Mongolian: ᠯᠤᠤ /луу (luu)

→ Zhuang: lungz

Old Turkic language
Proto-Hmong-Mien language
Proto-Vietic language
Turkish language
Vietnamese language
White Hmong language

Characters in the same phonetic series (龍) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形) – originally a serpent with prominent whiskered mouth and eyes.
Current form developed in large seal script, with serpent’s body on right (tail at upper right, legs on right), whiskered/fanged mouth at lower left, and eyes/crown at upper left. Left side was subsequently simplified and abstracted, with some influence of 立 and ⺼/月. Note that 竜 existed as a traditional variant dating back to large seal script, and figures a dragon seen face-on, rather than curled around.
Compare 𣎆, which represents a particular kind of dragon.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-bru(ŋ/k) (“dragon; thunder”). Cognate with Tibetan འབྲུག ('brug, “dragon; thunder”). The STEDT database also lists 隆 (OC *ɡ·ruːŋ, “thunder; sound of thunder”) and 雹 (OC *bruːɡ, “hail”) as cognates. Also compare 靐 (OC *brɯŋs, “sound of thunder”) and 霹靂 (OC *pʰeːɡ reːɡ, “thunder”).
This word is found in many languages of the region. Compare Proto-Hmong-Mien *-roŋ (“dragon”) (White Hmong zaj), Proto-Vietic *-roːŋ (“dragon”) (Vietnamese rồng), Vietnamese thuồng luồng (“serpent-like monster”), Khmer រោង (roong, “year of the dragon”), Thai มะโรง (má-roong, “dragon; year of the dragon”), Lao ມະໂລງ (ma lōng, “year of the dragon”), perhaps also Old Turkic [script needed]|[Term?] (*-lan, suffix denoting a wild, predatory animal) (Turkish aslan (“lion”), kaplan (“tiger”), yılan (“snake”)).

cog-lite

龙
㡣
䮾
䰱
竜
龒
𠉒
𠊋
𢀀
𢄫
𢅛
𥪐
𥪑
𥪖
𥪢
𥫆
𥫈
𦱉
𦱸

(mythology) Chinese dragon (Classifier: 條／条 m c h; 尾 mn)


鵝

→ Guiqiong: wo

/ᵑɡᵘɔ²²⁻²²⁵/

/ᵑɡᵘɔ²²⁻²²⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ŋaːl): phonetic 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ) + semantic 鳥.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋa-n (“goose”); cognate with Tibetan ངང་པ (ngang pa), Burmese ငန်း (ngan:). However, the final consonants of the proposed cognates are possibly irreconcilable; they could instead be independently coined through onomatopoeia (Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2019).
Related to 雁 (OC *ŋraːns, “wild goose”); see there for more.

Han compound

domestic goose (as opposed to a wild goose – 雁 (yàn)) (Classifier: 隻／只 m c mn)


抱歉

/pɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/pʰɤ³³⁻²¹ kʰiam⁴¹/

/pʰo³³⁻¹¹ kʰiam⁵³/

/pʰo²²⁻²¹ kʰiam⁵³/

/pʰau²²⁻²¹ kʰiam⁵³/

/pʰo³³⁻¹¹ kʰiam¹¹/

/pʰɤ³³⁻²¹ kʰiam²¹/

/pʰɤ³³⁻²¹ kʰiam⁴⁴/

/pʰo³³⁻¹¹ kʰiam⁴⁴/

/pʰo³³⁻¹¹ kʰiam³³/

/pʰɤ³³⁻²¹ kʰiam³³/

/pɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/pʰɤ³³⁻²¹ kʰiam⁴¹/

/pʰo³³⁻¹¹ kʰiam⁵³/

/pʰo²²⁻²¹ kʰiam⁵³/

/pʰau²²⁻²¹ kʰiam⁵³/

/pʰo³³⁻¹¹ kʰiam¹¹/

/pʰɤ³³⁻²¹ kʰiam²¹/

/pʰɤ³³⁻²¹ kʰiam⁴⁴/

/pʰo³³⁻¹¹ kʰiam⁴⁴/

/pʰo³³⁻¹¹ kʰiam³³/

/pʰɤ³³⁻²¹ kʰiam³³/


不好意思

ㄅㄨˋ ㄏㄠˇ ㄧˋ ˙ㄙ

/pu⁵¹ xɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹ sz̩¹/

/pɐt̚⁵ hou̯³⁵ jiː³³ siː⁵⁵/

/pɐt̚⁵ hou̯³⁵ jiː³³ siː³³/

/pəʔ³³ hɔ⁵⁵ i²² sz̩²¹/

/pu⁵¹ xɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹ sz̩¹/

/pɐt̚⁵ hou̯³⁵ jiː³³ siː⁵⁵/

/pɐt̚⁵ hou̯³⁵ jiː³³ siː³³/

/pəʔ³³ hɔ⁵⁵ i²² sz̩²¹/

I'm so sorry for putting you to the expense.

真不好意思，讓你破費了。

真不好意思，让你破费了。

Sorry, I'm in the middle of something, can I call you back later?

Bùhǎoyìsi, wǒ xiànzài shǒu shang yǒu shì zài zuò, yīhuìr dǎ gěi nǐ hǎo ma?

不好意思，我現在手上有事在做，一會兒打給你好嗎？

不好意思，我现在手上有事在做，一会儿打给你好吗？


出生

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ saːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰuʔ²⁴⁻²¹ sɛiŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ sĩ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ sĩ³³/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ sɛ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ sẽ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚²⁻⁵ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ sŋ̍³³/

/t͡sʰuk̚²⁻⁴ sẽ³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ saːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰuʔ²⁴⁻²¹ sɛiŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ sĩ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ sĩ³³/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ sɛ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ sẽ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚²⁻⁵ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ sŋ̍³³/

/t͡sʰuk̚²⁻⁴ sẽ³³/

A loyal minister behaves in just this fashion. If he can advantage his ruler and profit his state, he will not consider shirking or evading anything, even killing himself and abjuring life to accompany his ruler in death. … Hong Yan can be called loyal. He killed himself and gave up his own life to accompany his lord.

Lü Buwei, Master Lü's Spring and Autumn Annals, 239 BCE

Zhōngchén yì rán. Gǒu biàn yú zhǔ lì yú guó, wú gǎn cíwéi shāshēn chūshēng yǐ xùn zhī....... Hóng Yǎn kěwèi zhōng yǐ, shāshēn chūshēng yǐ xùn qí jūn.

忠臣亦然。苟便於主利於國，無敢辭違殺身出生以徇之。……弘演可謂忠矣，殺身出生以徇其君。

忠臣亦然。苟便于主利于国，无敢辞违杀身出生以徇之。……弘演可谓忠矣，杀身出生以徇其君。

A sparrow, pursued by a bird of prey, flies into someone's arms or enters someone's dwelling. It is not that the sparrow is casting away its life, but that to the rear there is something to fear.

Zhìniǎo zhú què, yǒu xí rén zhī huái, rù rén zhī shì zhě, fēi chūshēng yě, hòu yǒu dàn yě.

鷙鳥逐雀，有襲人之懷，入人之室者，非出生也，後有憚也。

鸷鸟逐雀，有袭人之怀，入人之室者，非出生也，后有惮也。

(obsolete) to lay down one's own life, to give up one's own life


蛋糕

→ Dongxiang: dangao

/tän⁵¹ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tæ̃⁴⁴ kɔ²⁴/

/tan²²⁻²¹ ko⁴⁴/

/tan⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ko³³/

/taŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ko³³/

/tan²¹⁻¹¹ kɒu̯³³/

/tän⁵¹ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tæ̃⁴⁴ kɔ²⁴/

/tan²²⁻²¹ ko⁴⁴/

/tan⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ko³³/

/taŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ko³³/

/tan²¹⁻¹¹ kɒu̯³³/

這個蛋糕的味道真好！

这个蛋糕的味道真好！

(countable) cake (Western sweet food made from flour, eggs, etc.) (Classifier: 個／个 m c; 塊／块 m)


房子

→ Russian: фанза (fanza)

/fɑŋ³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/faŋ²¹ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/fɑŋ²⁴ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/fɔːŋ²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/vɑ̃²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/fɑŋ³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/faŋ²¹ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/fɑŋ²⁴ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/fɔːŋ²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/vɑ̃²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/


公司

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (公司):
* → Japanese: 公(こう)司(し) (kōshi)
* → Vietnamese: công ti (公司)

→ Japanese: 公(コン)司(ス) (konsu)

desctree

→ Malay: kongsi
Indonesian: kongsi
→ English: kongsi
→ Dutch: kongsi

→ Thai: กงสี (gong-sǐi) (via Teochew)

→ Tibetan: ཀུང་སི (kung si)

→ Zhuang: gunghswh

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/kuŋ²⁴ sz̩²⁴/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/kɵŋ³³ ɬu³³⁻³³⁵/

/kuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨ²⁴/

/kʊŋ⁴⁴ sz̩⁴⁴/

/kuŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾ni⁵⁵/

/kɒŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ ^((ɬ-))ni⁵³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² si⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ si³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² si⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ si⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ si⁴⁴/

/koŋ³³⁻²³ si³³/

/koŋ⁵⁵ sz̩²¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/kuŋ²⁴ sz̩²⁴/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/kɵŋ³³ ɬu³³⁻³³⁵/

/kuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨ²⁴/

/kʊŋ⁴⁴ sz̩⁴⁴/

/kuŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾ni⁵⁵/

/kɒŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ ^((ɬ-))ni⁵³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² si⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ si³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² si⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ si⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ si⁴⁴/

/koŋ³³⁻²³ si³³/

/koŋ⁵⁵ sz̩²¹/

(dated) kongsi; clan hall (benevolent organisation of overseas Chinese of the same origin) (Classifier: 個／个; 家; 間／间)


教授

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕiɔː²⁴ ʂou⁴⁴/

/kaːu̯³³ sɐu̯²²/

/kau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siu⁴¹/

/ka²¹³⁻⁵⁵ siu³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕiɔː²⁴ ʂou⁴⁴/

/kaːu̯³³ sɐu̯²²/

/kau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siu⁴¹/

/ka²¹³⁻⁵⁵ siu³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/kaːu̯³³ sɐu̯²²/

晉升為教授

晋升为教授

盧卡斯數學教授席位

卢卡斯数学教授席位

Many teachers and students are now jointly writing to request the cancellation of the teacher’s professor eligibility.

Xiànzài yǒu hěn duō shīshēng dōu liánmíng xiěxìn yāoqiú qǔxiāo lǎoshī de jiàoshòu zīgé.

現在有很多師生都聯名寫信要求取消老師的教授資格。

现在有很多师生都联名写信要求取消老师的教授资格。

Is he qualified for the position of professor?

他勝任教授崗位嗎？

他胜任教授岗位吗？

báitiān shì jiàoshòu, wǎnshang shì qínshòu

白天是教授，晚上是禽獸

白天是教授，晚上是禽兽

訓誨

chiefly of superiors to subordinates, or old to young


教授

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕiɔː²⁴ ʂou⁴⁴/

/kaːu̯³³ sɐu̯²²/

/kau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siu⁴¹/

/ka²¹³⁻⁵⁵ siu³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕiɔː²⁴ ʂou⁴⁴/

/kaːu̯³³ sɐu̯²²/

/kau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siu⁴¹/

/ka²¹³⁻⁵⁵ siu³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/kaːu̯³³ sɐu̯²²/

她教授東方美術史。

她教授东方美术史。


蜜蜂

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (蜜蜂):
* → Korean: 밀봉(蜜蜂) (milbong)

/mi⁵¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/mi⁵¹ fɤ̃ɻ⁵⁵/

/mɐt̚² fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/mɐt̚²² fɔŋ²¹³/

/miəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ fəŋ¹¹/

/mi⁴² pʰɔŋ⁵⁴/

/miʔ⁵⁻⁵⁵ pʰuŋ⁵⁵/

/bit̚²⁴⁻² pʰaŋ³³/

/bit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ pʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/bit̚⁴⁻³² pʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/bit̚⁴⁻³ pʰaŋ³³/

/bik̚⁴⁻² pʰaŋ³³/

/bek̚⁴⁻² pʰaŋ³³/

/mət̚²⁴ føŋ⁵³/

/miɪʔ¹¹ foŋ²³/

/ɦmiəʔ²² foŋ⁵⁵/

/miɪʔ²² foŋ³³/

/miəʔ²² foŋ³⁴/

/miɪʔ²² foŋ³⁵/

/mi²⁴ xʊŋ³³/

/mi³⁵ xɤŋ⁴⁴⁻³³/

/mi⁵¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/mi⁵¹ fɤ̃ɻ⁵⁵/

/mɐt̚² fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/mɐt̚²² fɔŋ²¹³/

/miəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ fəŋ¹¹/

/mi⁴² pʰɔŋ⁵⁴/

/miʔ⁵⁻⁵⁵ pʰuŋ⁵⁵/

/bit̚²⁴⁻² pʰaŋ³³/

/bit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ pʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/bit̚⁴⁻³² pʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/bit̚⁴⁻³ pʰaŋ³³/

/bik̚⁴⁻² pʰaŋ³³/

/bek̚⁴⁻² pʰaŋ³³/

/mət̚²⁴ føŋ⁵³/

/miɪʔ¹¹ foŋ²³/

/ɦmiəʔ²² foŋ⁵⁵/

/miɪʔ²² foŋ³³/

/miəʔ²² foŋ³⁴/

/miɪʔ²² foŋ³⁵/

/mi²⁴ xʊŋ³³/

/mi³⁵ xɤŋ⁴⁴⁻³³/

bee; honeybee (Classifier: 隻／只 m c; 群 m)

蜜蜂章

The Bee, the sixteenth sura of the Qur'an


理想

/li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lei̯¹³ sœːŋ³⁵/

/l̃i³³⁻³⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾luoŋ³³/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ⁵³/

/li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ⁴¹/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siaŋ⁵³/

/li⁵²⁻³⁵ siaŋ⁵²⁻²¹/

/li²² ɕiã⁴⁴/

/li⁵⁵ ɕiæ̃²¹/

/li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lei̯¹³ sœːŋ³⁵/

/l̃i³³⁻³⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾luoŋ³³/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ⁵³/

/li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ⁴¹/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siaŋ⁵³/

/li⁵²⁻³⁵ siaŋ⁵²⁻²¹/

/li²² ɕiã⁴⁴/

/li⁵⁵ ɕiæ̃²¹/


少年

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

/ʂɔ⁴⁴ niæ̃²⁴/

/siau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liɛn²⁴/

/siau²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ni⁵⁵/

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

/ʂɔ⁴⁴ niæ̃²⁴/

/siau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liɛn²⁴/

/siau²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ni⁵⁵/

少年時代

少年时代

early youth (from ten to sixteen years old)


少年

Sino-Xenic (少年):
* → Japanese: 少(しょう)年(ねん) (shōnen)
* → Korean: 소년(少年) (sonyeon)
* → Vietnamese: thiếu niên (少年)

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

/ʂɔ⁴⁴ niæ̃²⁴/

/siau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liɛn²⁴/

/siau²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ni⁵⁵/

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

/ʂɔ⁴⁴ niæ̃²⁴/

/siau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liɛn²⁴/

/siau²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ni⁵⁵/

(literary or Hokkien, Zhao'an Hakka) young


眼鏡

Sino-Xenic (眼鏡):
* → Japanese: 眼(がん)鏡(きょう) (gankyō)
* → Okinawan: 眼(がん)鏡(ちょー) (ganchō)
* → Korean: 안경(眼鏡) (an'gyeong)

/jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiɤ̯̃ɻ⁵¹/

/iɛn⁵³ t͡ɕin²¹³/

/ŋaːn¹³ kɛːŋ³³⁻³⁵/

/ŋaːn¹³ kɛːŋ³³/

/ᵑɡan⁵⁵ kiaŋ³³⁻³³⁵/

/ŋi̯an³¹ ki̯aŋ⁵⁵/

/nie⁵³ t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/

/ŋiaŋ³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiɑŋ²¹³/

/ɡan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiã²¹/

/ɡan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiã⁴¹/

/ɡan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiã²¹/

/ɡan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiã¹¹/

/ɡan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiã²¹/

/ŋe²² t͡ɕin⁴⁴/

/jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiɤ̯̃ɻ⁵¹/

/iɛn⁵³ t͡ɕin²¹³/

/ŋaːn¹³ kɛːŋ³³⁻³⁵/

/ŋaːn¹³ kɛːŋ³³/

/ᵑɡan⁵⁵ kiaŋ³³⁻³³⁵/

/ŋi̯an³¹ ki̯aŋ⁵⁵/

/nie⁵³ t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/

/ŋiaŋ³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiɑŋ²¹³/

/ɡan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiã²¹/

/ɡan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiã⁴¹/

/ɡan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiã²¹/

/ɡan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiã¹¹/

/ɡan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiã²¹/

/ŋe²² t͡ɕin⁴⁴/

戴眼鏡／戴眼镜

摘眼鏡／摘眼镜

除眼鏡／除眼镜 [Cantonese] ― ceoi⁴ ngaan⁵ geng³⁻² [Jyutping] ― to take off one's glasses

glasses; eyeglasses; spectacles (Classifier: 副 m c)


口袋

/kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴ d̥aɪ̯⁴/

/kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴ d̥ɑɻ⁴/

/kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/hɐu̯³⁵ tɔːi̯²²/

/kʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ te²²/

/kʰio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tə⁴¹/

/kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴ d̥aɪ̯⁴/

/kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴ d̥ɑɻ⁴/

/kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/hɐu̯³⁵ tɔːi̯²²/

/kʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ te²²/

/kʰio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tə⁴¹/


乒乓球

→ Bouyei: pinypangyqiuf

→ Zhuang: binghbanghgiuz

/pʰiŋ⁵⁵ pʰɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

ㄆㄧㄥ ㄆㄤ ㄑㄧㄡˊㄦ

/pʰiŋ⁵⁵ pʰɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/pɪŋ⁵⁵ pɐm⁵⁵ kʰɐu̯²¹/

/pʰin⁴⁴ pʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kʰiu¹¹/

/pʰiŋ¹¹ pʰa¹¹ t͡ɕʰiəu¹¹/

/pʰiŋ⁵⁵ pʰaŋ⁵⁵ kiu²¹/

/pʰin⁴⁴⁻²² pʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiu²⁴/

/pʰin³³ pʰɔŋ³³ kiu²⁴/

/pʰin⁴⁴⁻²² pʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiu¹³/

/piŋ³³⁻²³ poŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu⁵⁵/

/pʰin⁵⁵ pʰã³³ d͡ʑiɤ²¹/

/pʰiŋ⁵⁵ pʰɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/pʰiŋ⁵⁵ pʰɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/pɪŋ⁵⁵ pɐm⁵⁵ kʰɐu̯²¹/

/pʰin⁴⁴ pʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kʰiu¹¹/

/pʰiŋ¹¹ pʰa¹¹ t͡ɕʰiəu¹¹/

/pʰiŋ⁵⁵ pʰaŋ⁵⁵ kiu²¹/

/pʰin⁴⁴⁻²² pʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiu²⁴/

/pʰin³³ pʰɔŋ³³ kiu²⁴/

/pʰin⁴⁴⁻²² pʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiu¹³/

/piŋ³³⁻²³ poŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu⁵⁵/

/pʰin⁵⁵ pʰã³³ d͡ʑiɤ²¹/


耳朵

/ˀɤɻ²¹⁴ d̥u̯ɔ⁴/

/ˀɤɻ²¹⁴ tʰu̯ɔ⁴/

/ˀɤɻ²¹⁴ tʰoʊ̯⁴/

/ˀɤɻ²¹⁴ d̥oʊ̯⁴/

/ɛɻ⁵¹ tuɛ²⁴/

/jiː¹³ tɔː³⁵/

/jiː¹³ tœː³⁵/

/ɵ²¹³⁻²¹ tau¹/

/əɻ⁵³ tuɤ¹¹/

/n̠ʲi²² tu⁴⁴/

/ɦəl²² tu⁴⁴/

/ˀɤɻ²¹⁴ d̥u̯ɔ⁴/

/ˀɤɻ²¹⁴ tʰu̯ɔ⁴/

/ˀɤɻ²¹⁴ tʰoʊ̯⁴/

/ˀɤɻ²¹⁴ d̥oʊ̯⁴/

/ɛɻ⁵¹ tuɛ²⁴/

/jiː¹³ tɔː³⁵/

/jiː¹³ tœː³⁵/

/ɵ²¹³⁻²¹ tau¹/

/əɻ⁵³ tuɤ¹¹/

/n̠ʲi²² tu⁴⁴/

/ɦəl²² tu⁴⁴/

別彈我的耳朵！

别弹我的耳朵！

豎起你們的耳朵。

竖起你们的耳朵。


西瓜

Sino-Xenic (西瓜):
* → Japanese: 西瓜(すいか) (suika)
* → Korean: 서과(西瓜) (seogwa)

→ Brunei Malay: sikoi

→ English: xigua

→ Mongolian: шийгуа (šiigua)

→ Zhuang: sihgvah, sae'gva

/ɕi⁵⁵ ku̯ä⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ g̊u̯ä²/

/si³¹⁻³³ kua³¹/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ kʷaː⁵⁵/

/ˈɕi⁴² kua⁴²/

/si²⁴⁻¹¹ ku̯a²⁴/

/sɛ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ua⁵⁵/

/si⁴⁴⁻²² kue⁴⁴/

/si⁴⁴⁻³³ kue⁴⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² kue⁴⁴/

/si⁴⁴⁻²² kua⁴⁴/

/si³³⁻²¹ kua³³/

/si³³⁻²³ kue³³/

/ɕi³³ ku̯a̠³³/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ku̯ä⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ g̊u̯ä²/

/si³¹⁻³³ kua³¹/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ kʷaː⁵⁵/

/ˈɕi⁴² kua⁴²/

/si²⁴⁻¹¹ ku̯a²⁴/

/sɛ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ua⁵⁵/

/si⁴⁴⁻²² kue⁴⁴/

/si⁴⁴⁻³³ kue⁴⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² kue⁴⁴/

/si⁴⁴⁻²² kua⁴⁴/

/si³³⁻²¹ kua³³/

/si³³⁻²³ kue³³/

/ɕi³³ ku̯a̠³³/


森林

Sino-Xenic (森林):
* → Japanese: 森林(しんりん) (shinrin)
* → Korean: 삼림(森林) (samnim)

/sɐm⁵⁵ lɐm²¹/

/sɛiŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ˡ⁻⁾nˡiŋ⁵³/

/sɔm⁴⁴⁻²² lin¹³/

/sɔm⁴⁴⁻³³ lim²³/

/sɐm⁵⁵ lɐm²¹/

/sɛiŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ˡ⁻⁾nˡiŋ⁵³/

/sɔm⁴⁴⁻²² lin¹³/

/sɔm⁴⁴⁻³³ lim²³/

森林砍伐率

to attach importance to forest conservation

注重保護森林

注重保护森林

請愛護森林。

请爱护森林。

(countable) forest; trees (Classifier: 片 m)


人工

/ʐən³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/jɐn²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋin¹¹ kuŋ²⁴/

/ŋin⁵⁵ kuŋ⁵³/

/zin²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/d͡zin¹³⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/lin²⁴⁻²² kaŋ³³/

/lin²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/lin²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/d͡zin¹³⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lin²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lin²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ³³/

/naŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kaŋ³³/

/n̠ʲin²² koŋ⁴⁴/

/ʐən³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/jɐn²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋin¹¹ kuŋ²⁴/

/ŋin⁵⁵ kuŋ⁵³/

/zin²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/d͡zin¹³⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/lin²⁴⁻²² kaŋ³³/

/lin²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/lin²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/d͡zin¹³⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lin²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lin²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ³³/

/naŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kaŋ³³/

/n̠ʲin²² koŋ⁴⁴/

/laŋ²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/laŋ²⁴⁻²² kaŋ³³/

/laŋ¹³⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/laŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/laŋ²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/ʐən³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/jɐn²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/laŋ²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/laŋ²⁴⁻²² kaŋ³³/

/laŋ¹³⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/laŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/laŋ²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/n̠ʲin²² koŋ⁴⁴/


人家

/ʐən³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/ʐəŋ²⁴ t͡ɕia⁵¹/

/jɐn²¹ kaː⁵⁵/

/zin²³⁻³³ ke⁴⁴/

/lin²⁴⁻¹¹ ke⁴⁴/

/lin²⁴⁻²² ke³³/

/lin²⁴⁻²² ke⁴⁴/

/lin²⁴⁻²² ka³³/

/lin²⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴/

/d͡zin¹³⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴/

/naŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ke³³/

/n̠ʲin²³ kɑ¹¹/

/ʐən³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/ʐəŋ²⁴ t͡ɕia⁵¹/

/jɐn²¹ kaː⁵⁵/

/zin²³⁻³³ ke⁴⁴/

/lin²⁴⁻¹¹ ke⁴⁴/

/lin²⁴⁻²² ke³³/

/lin²⁴⁻²² ke⁴⁴/

/lin²⁴⁻²² ka³³/

/lin²⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴/

/d͡zin¹³⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴/

/naŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ke³³/

/n̠ʲin²³ kɑ¹¹/

/ʐən³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯ä³/

/ʐən³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯ä³/

/jɐn²¹ kaː⁵⁵/

吃人家的嘴軟，拿人家的手軟 / 吃人家的嘴软，拿人家的手软

chī rénjia de zuǐ ruǎn, nà rénjia de shǒu ruǎn

Look at how other people's children are all not only pretty, but also talented. And you? Scored zero on your exam. (mother to child)

Nǐ kàn rénjia de háizi yòu piàoliàng yòu yǒucái, nǐ què kǎo ge língfēn.

你看人家的孩子又漂亮又有才，你卻考個零分。

你看人家的孩子又漂亮又有才，你却考个零分。

(chiefly Mandarin, Wu) others (i.e. besides the speaker and the listener); everybody else

Don't say bad stuff about him. He can understand Chinese.

Bié shuō rénjia de huàihuà, rénjia tīng de dǒng zhōngwén.

別說人家的壞話，人家聽得懂中文。

别说人家的坏话，人家听得懂中文。

(chiefly Mandarin, Wu) someone specific that the speaker does not wish to name explicitly: he; she; they

Where did you go? I've been waiting here forever.

Shàng nǎr qù le, ràng rénjia zài zhèr děng bàntiān.

上哪兒去了，讓人家在這兒等半天。

上哪儿去了，让人家在这儿等半天。

(chiefly Mandarin, chiefly women's speech, endearing) I; me (first-person singular pronoun)


人口

/ʐən³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɐn²¹ hɐu̯³⁵/

/ŋin¹¹ kʰi̯eu̯³¹/

/iŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^((kʰ-))ŋɛu³³/

/zin²³⁻³³ kʰau⁴¹/

/d͡zin¹³⁻²² kʰau⁵³/

/lin²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰau⁵³/

/lin²⁴⁻²² kʰau⁵³/

/lin²⁴⁻²² kʰio⁵⁵⁴/

/naŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kʰau⁵²/

/zən²² kʰɤ⁴⁴/

/ʐən³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɐn²¹ hɐu̯³⁵/

/ŋin¹¹ kʰi̯eu̯³¹/

/iŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^((kʰ-))ŋɛu³³/

/zin²³⁻³³ kʰau⁴¹/

/d͡zin¹³⁻²² kʰau⁵³/

/lin²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰau⁵³/

/lin²⁴⁻²² kʰau⁵³/

/lin²⁴⁻²² kʰio⁵⁵⁴/

/naŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kʰau⁵²/

/zən²² kʰɤ⁴⁴/

城市人口

控制人口增長

控制人口增长

人口分佈

人口分布

人口密集

低端人口

常住人口

population (people living within a political or geographical boundary)


人類

Sino-Xenic (人類):
* → Japanese: 人類(じんるい) (jinrui)
* → Korean: 인류(人類) (illyu)
* → Vietnamese: nhân loại (人類)

/ʐən³⁵ leɪ̯⁵¹/

/jɐn²¹ lɵy̯²²/

/ŋin¹¹ luɪ⁵³/

/iŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ˡ⁻⁾nˡui²⁴²/

/d͡ziŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lui¹¹/

/naŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lui¹¹/

/ʐən³⁵ leɪ̯⁵¹/

/jɐn²¹ lɵy̯²²/

/ŋin¹¹ luɪ⁵³/

/iŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ˡ⁻⁾nˡui²⁴²/

/d͡ziŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lui¹¹/

/naŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lui¹¹/

人類前途

人类前途

人類遺址

人类遗址

人類活動導致的氣候變化

人类活动导致的气候变化

to concern the survival of the human race

關係到人類的生死存亡

关系到人类的生死存亡

Libraries contain knowledge of human experience as vast as the open sea.

圖書館是人類知識的海洋。

图书馆是人类知识的海洋。

The book is the ladder of human progress.

書籍是人類進步的階梯。

书籍是人类进步的阶梯。

Archaeology is a science that studies human cultures and history.

haau² gu² hok⁶ hai⁶ jat¹ mun⁴ jin⁴ gau³ jan⁴ leoi⁶ man⁴ faa³ tung⁴ lik⁶ si² ge³ hok⁶ fo¹.

考古學係一門研究人類文化同歷史嘅學科。

考古学系一门研究人类文化同历史嘅学科。

(collective) humanity; humans; humankind; the human race; hominid


筷子

→ Esperanto: kvajzo

→ Tibetan: ཁོ་ཙེ (kho tse)

→ Uyghur: كويزا (koyza)

/kʰu̯aɪ̯⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/kʰuɛ⁴⁴ t͡sz̩²⁴/

/faːi̯³³ t͡siː³⁵/

/kʰuai²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sz̩¹/

/kʰu̯ai̯³²⁴⁻³¹ t͡sz̩³/

/kʰu̯aɪ̯⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/kʰuɛ⁴⁴ t͡sz̩²⁴/

/faːi̯³³ t͡siː³⁵/

/kʰuai²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sz̩¹/

/kʰu̯ai̯³²⁴⁻³¹ t͡sz̩³/

The Old Chinese words for "chopsticks" were 箸 (OC *das) and 梜 (OC *keːb). 箸 is preserved in almost all Min dialects (Taiwanese tī, tū; Fuzhou dê̤ṳ) and some other dialects, especially those in some contact with Min; it is also preserved in loans to other languages, e.g. Korean 젓가락 (jeotgarak), Vietnamese đũa and Zhuang dawh. Starting from the Ming Dynasty, the change to 筷子 occurred in Mandarin, Wu and some Cantonese dialects. The 15th century book Shuyuan Miscellanies (《菽園雜記》) by Lu Rong (陸容) mentioned this change:
:
The bamboo radical (竹) was later added to 快 to form 筷.

zh-l

As mariners regarded 住 (zhù, “to stay; to stop (in the sea)”) as a taboo […], they called 箸 (zhù, “chopsticks”) 快兒 (lit. "quick + diminutive suffix").

如舟行諱「住」……，以「箸」為「快兒」

如舟行讳「住」……，以「箸」为「快儿」

用筷子吃飯

用筷子吃饭

一次性筷子

免洗筷子

chopsticks (Classifier: 雙／双 m c; 對／对 m c; 把 m; 副 m; 根 m; 枝 c; 隻／只 c)


翅膀

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹ pɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹ pɑ̃ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sz̩²¹³ paŋ⁵³/

/t͡sʰz̩²⁴ pɑŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiː³³ pʰɔːŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰiː³³ pɔːŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰz̩²¹³⁻²¹ paŋ¹/

/t͡sʰz̩⁴⁵ pɒ̃⁵³/

/tʰi²¹³⁻⁵⁵ pʰaŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰz̩⁵⁵ pɑ̃²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁴⁵ pan⁴¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹ pɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹ pɑ̃ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sz̩²¹³ paŋ⁵³/

/t͡sʰz̩²⁴ pɑŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiː³³ pʰɔːŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰiː³³ pɔːŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰz̩²¹³⁻²¹ paŋ¹/

/t͡sʰz̩⁴⁵ pɒ̃⁵³/

/tʰi²¹³⁻⁵⁵ pʰaŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰz̩⁵⁵ pɑ̃²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁴⁵ pan⁴¹/

張開翅膀

张开翅膀


大小

/tä⁵¹ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² siːu̯³⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² siːu̯³⁵/


手指

/ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/səu⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/sɐu̯³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/su³¹ t͡sɨ³¹/

/ʃiu²⁴⁻³³ t͡ʃi²⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡si⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡si⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ t͡sai⁴⁴⁵/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sai⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sãi⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sãi⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sõĩ⁵²⁻²¹/

/sɤ³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/səu⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/sɐu̯³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/su³¹ t͡sɨ³¹/

/ʃiu²⁴⁻³³ t͡ʃi²⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡si⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡si⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ t͡sai⁴⁴⁵/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sai⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sãi⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sãi⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sõĩ⁵²⁻²¹/

/sɤ³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡si⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡si⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡si⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiu⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ t͡si⁴⁴⁵/

/t͡sʰiu⁴²⁻²⁴ t͡si⁴²/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sãi⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡si⁵²⁻²¹/

/t͡sʰiu³¹⁻⁵⁵ t͡si³¹/

/t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡si⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡si⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡si⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiu⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ t͡si⁴⁴⁵/

/t͡sʰiu⁴²⁻²⁴ t͡si⁴²/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sai⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sãi⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡si⁵²⁻²¹/

/t͡sʰiu³¹⁻⁵⁵ t͡si³¹/

交叉手指

Please do not poke your fingers through the cage.

Qǐng qièwù jiāng shǒuzhǐ shēnrù lóng zhōng.

請切勿將手指伸入籠中。

请切勿将手指伸入笼中。

(anatomy) finger (Classifier: 根 m; 隻／只 m c)

(Hong Kong Cantonese, informal) flash drive; thumb drive (Classifier: 隻／只 c)


手指

/ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/səu⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/sɐu̯³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/su³¹ t͡sɨ³¹/

/ʃiu²⁴⁻³³ t͡ʃi²⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡si⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡si⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ t͡sai⁴⁴⁵/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sai⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sãi⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sãi⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sõĩ⁵²⁻²¹/

/sɤ³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/səu⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/sɐu̯³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/su³¹ t͡sɨ³¹/

/ʃiu²⁴⁻³³ t͡ʃi²⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡si⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡si⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ t͡sai⁴⁴⁵/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sai⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sãi⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sãi⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sõĩ⁵²⁻²¹/

/sɤ³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡si⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡si⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡si⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiu⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ t͡si⁴⁴⁵/

/t͡sʰiu⁴²⁻²⁴ t͡si⁴²/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sãi⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡si⁵²⁻²¹/

/t͡sʰiu³¹⁻⁵⁵ t͡si³¹/

/t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡si⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡si⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡si⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiu⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ t͡si⁴⁴⁵/

/t͡sʰiu⁴²⁻²⁴ t͡si⁴²/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sai⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sãi⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡si⁵²⁻²¹/

/t͡sʰiu³¹⁻⁵⁵ t͡si³¹/

[I] give you this unfated ring; thank you for being by my side all these years.

Sàng lí chit kha bô-iân ê chhiú-chí, kám-siā lí pôe-phōaⁿ góa chiah chōe nî.

送你這卡無緣的手指，感謝你陪伴我這多年。

送你这卡无缘的手指，感谢你陪伴我这多年。

(Min) finger ring; ring (Classifier: 奇 mn)


自由

→ Zhuang: swyouz

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ joʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡siː²² jɐu̯²¹/

/t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ i̯u¹¹/

/t͡sʰɨ³³ ʒiu⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰz̩⁵³⁻⁵⁵ iu¹¹/

/t͡sz̩⁴⁵ iəu¹¹/

/t͡sy²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ieu⁵³/

/t͡su³³⁻¹¹ iu²⁴/

/t͡su³³⁻²¹ iu²³/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ iu¹³/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ iu²⁴/

/t͡sɯ⁴¹⁻²² iu²⁴/

/t͡si⁴¹⁻²² iu²⁴/

/t͡sɯ³⁵⁻¹¹ iu⁵⁵/

/t͡su³⁵⁻¹¹ iu⁵⁵/

/zz̩²² ɦiɤ⁴⁴/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ joʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡siː²² jɐu̯²¹/

/t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ i̯u¹¹/

/t͡sʰɨ³³ ʒiu⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰz̩⁵³⁻⁵⁵ iu¹¹/

/t͡sz̩⁴⁵ iəu¹¹/

/t͡sy²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ieu⁵³/

/t͡su³³⁻¹¹ iu²⁴/

/t͡su³³⁻²¹ iu²³/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ iu¹³/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ iu²⁴/

/t͡sɯ⁴¹⁻²² iu²⁴/

/t͡si⁴¹⁻²² iu²⁴/

/t͡sɯ³⁵⁻¹¹ iu⁵⁵/

/t͡su³⁵⁻¹¹ iu⁵⁵/

/zz̩²² ɦiɤ⁴⁴/

Attestable from at least the Han dynasty.


中央

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jœːŋ⁵⁵/

/tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ oŋ²⁴/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ i̯oŋ²⁴/

/tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ oŋ²⁴/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ (j)i̯oŋ²⁴/

/tɔŋ³³ ɔŋ⁵⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ ŋ̍³³/

/tiɔŋ³³ ŋ̍³³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ŋ̍⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ŋ̍⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ iɔŋ³³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iaŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɪŋ⁴⁴/

/toŋ³³⁻²³ iaŋ³³/

/tã³³⁻²³ ŋ³³/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ iã²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jœːŋ⁵⁵/

/tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ oŋ²⁴/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ i̯oŋ²⁴/

/tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ oŋ²⁴/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ (j)i̯oŋ²⁴/

/tɔŋ³³ ɔŋ⁵⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ ŋ̍³³/

/tiɔŋ³³ ŋ̍³³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ŋ̍⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ŋ̍⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ iɔŋ³³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iaŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɪŋ⁴⁴/

/toŋ³³⁻²³ iaŋ³³/

/tã³³⁻²³ ŋ³³/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ iã²¹/

在球場中央

在球场中央

在馬路中央

在马路中央

The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

溯游從之，宛在水中央。

溯游从之，宛在水中央。

centre (of all sides, ends, surfaces, etc.); middle (of a road)

中央廣播電視塔

中央广播电视塔

Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China

中共中央宣傳部

中共中央宣传部

Tíngchē Zǎoyuán lù, jì cóngqián, rénmín gémìng, zhōngyāng céng zhù.

停車棗園路，記從前，人民革命，中央曾駐。

停车枣园路，记从前，人民革命，中央曾驻。

to make irresponsible remarks about the imperial or central government

妄議中央

妄议中央


中央

ja-r

中(ちゅう)央(おう) (chūō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (中央):
* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)央(おう) (chūō)
* → Korean: 중앙(中央) (jung'ang)
* → Vietnamese: trung ương (中央)

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jœːŋ⁵⁵/

/tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ oŋ²⁴/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ i̯oŋ²⁴/

/tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ oŋ²⁴/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ (j)i̯oŋ²⁴/

/tɔŋ³³ ɔŋ⁵⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ ŋ̍³³/

/tiɔŋ³³ ŋ̍³³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ŋ̍⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ŋ̍⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ iɔŋ³³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iaŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɪŋ⁴⁴/

/toŋ³³⁻²³ iaŋ³³/

/tã³³⁻²³ ŋ³³/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ iã²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jœːŋ⁵⁵/

/tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ oŋ²⁴/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ i̯oŋ²⁴/

/tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ oŋ²⁴/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ (j)i̯oŋ²⁴/

/tɔŋ³³ ɔŋ⁵⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ ŋ̍³³/

/tiɔŋ³³ ŋ̍³³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ŋ̍⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ŋ̍⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ iɔŋ³³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iaŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɪŋ⁴⁴/

/toŋ³³⁻²³ iaŋ³³/

/tã³³⁻²³ ŋ³³/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ iã²¹/

(～區) Chūō (one of 23 special wards in Tokyo prefecture, Japan)

(～市) Chūō (a city in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan)


交通

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kaːu̯⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kau̯²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰuŋ²⁴/

/kau⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kau³³ tʰɔŋ³³/

/kau⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kau⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kau⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kau³³⁻²³ tʰoŋ³³/

/t͡ɕiɔ⁵⁵ tʰoŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kaːu̯⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kau̯²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰuŋ²⁴/

/kau⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kau³³ tʰɔŋ³³/

/kau⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kau⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kau⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kau³³⁻²³ tʰoŋ³³/

/t͡ɕiɔ⁵⁵ tʰoŋ²¹/


英雄

/iŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

/iŋ²⁴ ɕyŋ²⁴/

/jɪŋ⁵⁵ hʊŋ²¹/

/iŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋyŋ⁵³/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hiɔŋ²⁴/

/iɪŋ³³ hiɔŋ²⁴/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hiɔŋ¹³/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɔŋ²⁴/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɔŋ²³/

/eŋ³³⁻²³ hioŋ⁵⁵/

/in⁵⁵ ɦioŋ²¹/

/*ʔaŋ [ɢ]ʷəŋ/

/iŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

/iŋ²⁴ ɕyŋ²⁴/

/jɪŋ⁵⁵ hʊŋ²¹/

/iŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋyŋ⁵³/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hiɔŋ²⁴/

/iɪŋ³³ hiɔŋ²⁴/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hiɔŋ¹³/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɔŋ²⁴/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɔŋ²³/

/eŋ³³⁻²³ hioŋ⁵⁵/

/in⁵⁵ ɦioŋ²¹/

傳說中的英雄

传说中的英雄

平民英雄

英雄豪傑

英雄豪杰

人民英雄永垂不朽。

King Wu asked the Grand Duke: “If a king wants to raise an army, how should he go about selecting and training heroes and determine their moral qualifications?”

Six Secret Teachings, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on Ralph D. Sawyer's version

Wǔwáng wèn Tàigōng yuē: “Wángzhě jǔbīng, yù jiǎnliàn yīngxióng, zhī shì zhī gāoxià, wéi zhī nàihé?”

武王問太公曰：「王者舉兵，欲簡練英雄，知士之高下，為之奈何？」

武王问太公曰：「王者举兵，欲简练英雄，知士之高下，为之奈何？」

(literally, martial arts, figuratively) hero


英雄

ja-r

英雄(えいゆう) (eiyū)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (英雄):
* → Japanese: 英雄(えいゆう) (eiyū)
* → Korean: 영웅(英雄) (yeong'ung)
* → Vietnamese: anh hùng (英雄)

→ Vietnamese: yêng hùng

/iŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

/iŋ²⁴ ɕyŋ²⁴/

/jɪŋ⁵⁵ hʊŋ²¹/

/iŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋyŋ⁵³/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hiɔŋ²⁴/

/iɪŋ³³ hiɔŋ²⁴/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hiɔŋ¹³/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɔŋ²⁴/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɔŋ²³/

/eŋ³³⁻²³ hioŋ⁵⁵/

/in⁵⁵ ɦioŋ²¹/

/*ʔaŋ [ɢ]ʷəŋ/

/iŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

/iŋ²⁴ ɕyŋ²⁴/

/jɪŋ⁵⁵ hʊŋ²¹/

/iŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋyŋ⁵³/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hiɔŋ²⁴/

/iɪŋ³³ hiɔŋ²⁴/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hiɔŋ¹³/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɔŋ²⁴/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɔŋ²³/

/eŋ³³⁻²³ hioŋ⁵⁵/

/in⁵⁵ ɦioŋ²¹/

英雄事蹟

英雄事迹

英雄的中國人民

英雄的中国人民

武漢是英雄的城市。

武汉是英雄的城市。

1978 March 5, National anthem of the People's Republic of China (1978-1982)

前進，各民族英雄的人民！

前进，各民族英雄的人民！


招待

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡siːu̯⁵⁵ tɔːi̯²²/

/ˈt͡sɛu⁴² tʰai¹¹/

/t͡seu̯²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰai̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sau⁴⁴⁻³⁵ tʰaɪ⁵³/

/t͡ɕiɑu³³ tɛ⁵³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɒu̯³³ tai̯⁴⁵/

/t͡sɒu̯³³ tai̯⁴⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡siːu̯⁵⁵ tɔːi̯²²/

/ˈt͡sɛu⁴² tʰai¹¹/

/t͡seu̯²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰai̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sau⁴⁴⁻³⁵ tʰaɪ⁵³/

/t͡ɕiɑu³³ tɛ⁵³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɒu̯³³ tai̯⁴⁵/

/t͡sɒu̯³³ tai̯⁴⁵/


法律

Sino-Xenic (法律):
* → Japanese: 法律(ほうりつ) (hōritsu)
* → Korean: 법률(法律) (beomnyul)
* → Vietnamese: pháp luật (法律)

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ly⁵¹/

/huaʔ²⁴⁻²¹ l̃uʔ⁵/

/huat̚³²⁻⁵ lut̚¹²¹/

/faʔ³³ liɪʔ⁴⁴/

/fɑʔ⁴⁴ liɪʔ⁴⁴/

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ly⁵¹/

/huaʔ²⁴⁻²¹ l̃uʔ⁵/

/huat̚³²⁻⁵ lut̚¹²¹/

/faʔ³³ liɪʔ⁴⁴/

/fɑʔ⁴⁴ liɪʔ⁴⁴/

Attestable in Classical Chinese. Popularised from Japanese 法律(ほうりつ) (hōritsu).

制定法律

執行法律

执行法律

訴諸法律

诉诸法律

觸犯法律

触犯法律

詮釋法律

诠释法律

法律條文

法律条文

法律推理

適用法律

适用法律

法律法規

法律法规

採取法律行動

采取法律行动

法律面前人人平等。

law (body of binding rules and regulations) (Classifier: 部 m)


草原

Sino-Xenic (草原):
* → Japanese: 草原(そうげん) (sōgen)
* → Korean: 초원(草原) (chowon)
* → Vietnamese: thảo nguyên (草原)

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/t͡sʰo³¹ ŋi̯en¹¹/

/t͡sʰo³¹ ŋi̯an¹¹/

/t͡sʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²⁴/

/t͡sʰau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡuan²⁴/

/t͡sʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan¹³/

/t͡sʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²⁴/

/t͡sʰau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²³/

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/t͡sʰo³¹ ŋi̯en¹¹/

/t͡sʰo³¹ ŋi̯an¹¹/

/t͡sʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²⁴/

/t͡sʰau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡuan²⁴/

/t͡sʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan¹³/

/t͡sʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²⁴/

/t͡sʰau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²³/

草原縱獵床頭臥 酒肆狂歌井-底眠

The grasslands of Qinghai cannot be seen at a glance.

1978, 費玉清 (Fei Yu-ching) (lyricist 劉家昌), 中華民國頌

青海的草原 一眼看不完


太太

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ tʰaɪ̯¹/

/tʰɛ⁴⁴ tʰɛ²⁴/

/tʰaːi̯³³ tʰaːi̯³³⁻³⁵/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ tʰai̯⁵⁵/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ tʰai²¹/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰai⁴¹/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ tʰai²¹/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ tʰai¹¹/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ tʰai²¹/

/tʰa⁵⁵ tʰa²¹/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ tʰaɪ̯¹/

/tʰɛ⁴⁴ tʰɛ²⁴/

/tʰaːi̯³³ tʰaːi̯³³⁻³⁵/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ tʰai̯⁵⁵/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ tʰai²¹/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰai⁴¹/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ tʰai²¹/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ tʰai¹¹/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ tʰai²¹/

/tʰa⁵⁵ tʰa²¹/

(dialectal Mandarin, Wu) great-grandmother


猴子

/xoʊ̯³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/xəu²¹ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/hɐu̯²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/xəu̯¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/ɣ̊ɘu̯¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/xoʊ̯³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/xəu²¹ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/hɐu̯²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/xəu̯¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/ɣ̊ɘu̯¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

(Central Plains and Lanyin Mandarin, dialectal Gan, dialectal Hakka, dialectal Jin) praying mantis


老虎

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋɔu¹³ fu³⁵/

/lau²¹³⁻²⁴ ˈfu²¹³/

/lo²⁴⁻³³ fu²⁴/

/lau⁵³⁻¹¹ xu⁵³/

/l̃au²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾u³³/

/lau²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ɔu⁴⁵³/

/lau²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ɔu³³²/

/lau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔ⁵³/

/lau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/lau³³⁻²¹ hɔ⁴¹/

/lau²²⁻²¹ hɔ⁴²/

/lau²¹ hɔ⁴⁴⁵/

/lau³³⁻¹¹ hɔ⁵³/

/lau³⁵⁻¹¹ hõũ⁵²/

/læ²² həu³³/

/lɒu̯⁴¹ ɸu³/

/lɑʊ̯³³ fu³³/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋɔu¹³ fu³⁵/

/lau²¹³⁻²⁴ ˈfu²¹³/

/lo²⁴⁻³³ fu²⁴/

/lau⁵³⁻¹¹ xu⁵³/

/l̃au²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾u³³/

/lau²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ɔu⁴⁵³/

/lau²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ɔu³³²/

/lau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔ⁵³/

/lau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/lau³³⁻²¹ hɔ⁴¹/

/lau²²⁻²¹ hɔ⁴²/

/lau²¹ hɔ⁴⁴⁵/

/lau³³⁻¹¹ hɔ⁵³/

/lau³⁵⁻¹¹ hõũ⁵²/

/læ²² həu³³/

/lɒu̯⁴¹ ɸu³/

/lɑʊ̯³³ fu³³/

老 (lǎo, “old; venerable”) is used to indicate respect for the dangerous animal, which is subject to taboo. Compare ancient Chu dialect 於菟.

There simply isn't a single tiger within the 10-mile radius.

Zài zhè fāngyuán shí lǐ zhīnèi gēnběn jiù méiyǒu lǎohǔ.

在這方圓十里之內根本就沒有老虎。

在这方圆十里之内根本就没有老虎。

(figurative) one who uses one's power and influence to engage in large-scale embezzlement, theft or tax evasion


少女

Sino-Xenic (少女):
* → Japanese: 少(しょう)女(じょ) (shōjo)
* → Korean: 소녀(少女) (sonyeo)
* → Vietnamese: thiếu nữ (少女)

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːu̯³³ nɵy̯¹³/

/seu̯⁵⁵ ŋ̍³¹/

/siau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːu̯³³ nɵy̯¹³/

/seu̯⁵⁵ ŋ̍³¹/

/siau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lɯ⁵⁵⁴/


姓名

ja-r

姓名(しょうみょう) (shōmyō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (姓名):
* → Japanese: 姓名(せいめい) (seimei); 姓名(しょうみょう) (shōmyō)
* → Korean: 성명(姓名) (seongmyeong)

/ɕiŋ⁵¹ miŋ³⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ mɪŋ²¹/

/si̯aŋ⁵⁵ mi̯aŋ¹¹/

/siŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ miŋ⁵³/

/sĩ²¹⁻⁵³ miã²⁴/

/sĩ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ miã²⁴/

/sĩ¹¹⁻⁵³ miã²⁴/

/sẽ²¹⁻⁴¹ miã²³/

/sɛ̃²¹⁻⁵³ miã¹³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ biɪŋ¹³/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ biɪŋ²⁴/

/sẽ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ mĩã⁵⁵/

/ɕiŋ⁵¹ miŋ³⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ mɪŋ²¹/

/si̯aŋ⁵⁵ mi̯aŋ¹¹/

/siŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ miŋ⁵³/

/sĩ²¹⁻⁵³ miã²⁴/

/sĩ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ miã²⁴/

/sĩ¹¹⁻⁵³ miã²⁴/

/sẽ²¹⁻⁴¹ miã²³/

/sɛ̃²¹⁻⁵³ miã¹³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ biɪŋ¹³/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ biɪŋ²⁴/

/sẽ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ mĩã⁵⁵/


重大

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ²² taːi̯²²/

/t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵ tʰai̯⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ tai³³/

/tiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ tai²²/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ tai³³/

/tiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ tua²²/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ²² taːi̯²²/

/t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵ tʰai̯⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ tai³³/

/tiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ tai²²/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ tai³³/

/tiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ tua²²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ tä⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ tä⁵¹/

重慶大學 w:zh:重慶大學


文字

Sino-Xenic (文字):
* → Japanese: 文(もん)字(じ) (monji)
* → Korean: 문자(文字) (munja)
* → Vietnamese: văn tự (文字)

/wən³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/vəŋ²⁴ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/mɐn²¹ t͡siː²²/

/uŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^((t͡s-))ʒɛi²⁴²/

/mɔŋ¹³⁻⁴² t͡so²¹/

/muoŋ¹³⁻⁴² t͡sɵ²¹/

/bun²⁴⁻¹¹ li³³/

/bun²⁴⁻²² li⁴¹/

/bun²³⁻³³ li³³/

/bun²⁴⁻²² li²²/

/bun²³⁻³³ zi³³/

/bun¹³⁻²² d͡zi²²/

/buŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ d͡zi¹¹/

/wən³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/vəŋ²⁴ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/mɐn²¹ t͡siː²²/

/uŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^((t͡s-))ʒɛi²⁴²/

/mɔŋ¹³⁻⁴² t͡so²¹/

/muoŋ¹³⁻⁴² t͡sɵ²¹/

/bun²⁴⁻¹¹ li³³/

/bun²⁴⁻²² li⁴¹/

/bun²³⁻³³ li³³/

/bun²⁴⁻²² li²²/

/bun²³⁻³³ zi³³/

/bun¹³⁻²² d͡zi²²/

/buŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ d͡zi¹¹/

writing style wording; language (Classifier: 種／种; 個／个)


否定

/foʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵¹/

/fɐu̯³⁵ tɪŋ²²/

/hɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪŋ²²/

/hɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiɪŋ³³/

/hɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪŋ³³/

/hɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiɪŋ³³/

/hɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪŋ²²/

/hɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪŋ³³/

/hio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiɪŋ⁴¹/

/hou⁵²⁻³⁵ tĩã¹¹/

/foʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵¹/

/fɐu̯³⁵ tɪŋ²²/

/hɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪŋ²²/

/hɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiɪŋ³³/

/hɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪŋ³³/

/hɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiɪŋ³³/

/hɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪŋ²²/

/hɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪŋ³³/

/hio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiɪŋ⁴¹/

/hou⁵²⁻³⁵ tĩã¹¹/


制度

→ Zhuang: cidu

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu⁵¹/

/t͡sɐi̯³³ tou̯²²/

/t͡sɨ⁵⁵ tʰu⁵⁵/

/t͡sz̩⁵³⁻⁵⁵ tu⁵³/

/t͡se²¹⁻⁵³ tɔ²²/

/t͡se²¹⁻⁴¹ tɔ³³/

/t͡se¹¹⁻⁵³ tɔ³³/

/t͡se⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tɔ⁴¹/

/t͡si²¹⁻⁵³ tɔ²²/

/t͡si²¹³⁻⁵⁵ tou¹¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu⁵¹/

/t͡sɐi̯³³ tou̯²²/

/t͡sɨ⁵⁵ tʰu⁵⁵/

/t͡sz̩⁵³⁻⁵⁵ tu⁵³/

/t͡se²¹⁻⁵³ tɔ²²/

/t͡se²¹⁻⁴¹ tɔ³³/

/t͡se¹¹⁻⁵³ tɔ³³/

/t͡se⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tɔ⁴¹/

/t͡si²¹⁻⁵³ tɔ²²/

/t͡si²¹³⁻⁵⁵ tou¹¹/

社會主義制度

社会主义制度

世襲制度

世袭制度

土地制度

土地私有制度

社會福利制度

社会福利制度

婚姻制度

種姓制度

种姓制度

紅黑名單制度

红黑名单制度

Singapore abolished its jury system in 1969, so all criminal defendants are tried before judges.

Xīnjiāpō zài 1969 nián fèichú le péishěntuán zhìdù, yīncǐ suǒyǒu xíngshì ànjiàn de bèigàorén jūn yóu fǎguān shěnpàn.

新加坡在1969年廢除了陪審團制度，因此所有刑事案件的被告人均由法官審判。

新加坡在1969年废除了陪审团制度，因此所有刑事案件的被告人均由法官审判。


包括

Sino-Xenic (包括):
* → Japanese: 包括(ほうかつ) (hōkatsu)
* → Korean: 포괄(包括) (pogwal)
* → Vietnamese: bao quát (包括)

/pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ kʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ku̯ä⁵⁵/

/paːu̯⁵⁵ kʰuːt̚³/

/pɔ⁵⁵ kuaʔ²¹/

/pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ kʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ku̯ä⁵⁵/

/paːu̯⁵⁵ kʰuːt̚³/

/pɔ⁵⁵ kuaʔ²¹/

包括但不限於

包括但不限于

Face everything, including failure, with a grateful mind, and you will find that life is actually wonderful.

Yǐ gǎn'ēn de xīntài miànduì yīqiè, bāokuò shībài, nǐ huì fāxiàn, rénshēng qíshí hěn jīngcǎi.

以感恩的心態面對一切、包括失敗，你會發現，人生其實很精彩。

以感恩的心态面对一切、包括失败，你会发现，人生其实很精彩。


日記

Sino-Xenic (日記):
* → Japanese: 日(にっ)記(き) (nikki)
* → Okinawan: 日(にっ)記(ち) (nitchi)
* → Korean: 일기(日記) (ilgi)
* → Vietnamese: nhật ký (日記)

/ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/lit̚⁴⁻³² ki¹¹/

/lit̚²⁴⁻² ki⁴¹/

/lit̚⁴⁻³² ki²¹/

/d͡zit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ki²¹/

/zit̚⁴⁻³² ki²¹/

/zəʔ¹¹ t͡ɕi²³/

/ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/lit̚⁴⁻³² ki¹¹/

/lit̚²⁴⁻² ki⁴¹/

/lit̚⁴⁻³² ki²¹/

/d͡zit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ki²¹/

/zit̚⁴⁻³² ki²¹/

/zəʔ¹¹ t͡ɕi²³/

記日記

记日记

他正在寫日記呢。

他正在写日记呢。


理由

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ joʊ̯³⁵/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/lei̯¹³ jɐu̯²¹/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iu²⁴/

/li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ iu²⁴/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iu¹³/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iu²⁴/

/li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iu²³/

/li⁵²⁻³⁵ iu⁵⁵/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ joʊ̯³⁵/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/lei̯¹³ jɐu̯²¹/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iu²⁴/

/li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ iu²⁴/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iu¹³/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iu²⁴/

/li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iu²³/

/li⁵²⁻³⁵ iu⁵⁵/

Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 理(り)由(ゆう) (riyū).


解答

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tä³⁵/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tap̚³²/

/kai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tap̚⁵/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tap̚³²/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tap̚³²/

/kai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tap̚³²/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tä³⁵/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tap̚³²/

/kai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tap̚⁵/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tap̚³²/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tap̚³²/

/kai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tap̚³²/


人物

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (人物):
* → Japanese: 人物(じんぶつ) (jinbutsu)
* → Korean: 인물(人物) (inmul)
* → Vietnamese: nhân vật (人物)

/jɐn²¹ mɐt̚²⁻³⁵/

/jɐn²¹ mɐt̚²/

/ŋin¹¹ ʋut̚⁵/

/d͡zin¹³⁻²² but̚¹²¹/

/lin²⁴⁻²² but̚²⁴/

/naŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ mueʔ⁴/

/n̠ʲin²² vəʔ⁴⁴/

/jɐn²¹ mɐt̚²⁻³⁵/

/jɐn²¹ mɐt̚²/

/ŋin¹¹ ʋut̚⁵/

/d͡zin¹³⁻²² but̚¹²¹/

/lin²⁴⁻²² but̚²⁴/

/naŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ mueʔ⁴/

/n̠ʲin²² vəʔ⁴⁴/


土地

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹/

/tʰu³¹ tʰi⁵⁵/

/tʰu⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɛi²⁴²/

/tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tue²²/

/tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tue³³/

/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tue⁴¹/

/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ te⁴¹/

/tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ te²²/

/tʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ te³³/

/tʰou⁵²⁻³⁵ ti¹¹/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹/

/tʰu³¹ tʰi⁵⁵/

/tʰu⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɛi²⁴²/

/tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tue²²/

/tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tue³³/

/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tue⁴¹/

/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ te⁴¹/

/tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ te²²/

/tʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ te³³/

/tʰou⁵²⁻³⁵ ti¹¹/

/tʰu²¹⁴ d̥i⁴/

/tʰou̯³⁵ tei̯²²⁻³⁵/

/tʰu³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɛi²⁴²/

/tʰu²¹⁴ d̥i⁴/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹/

/tʰou̯³⁵ tei̯²²⁻³⁵/

/tʰu³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɛi²⁴²/


土地

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹/

/tʰu³¹ tʰi⁵⁵/

/tʰu⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɛi²⁴²/

/tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tue²²/

/tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tue³³/

/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tue⁴¹/

/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ te⁴¹/

/tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ te²²/

/tʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ te³³/

/tʰou⁵²⁻³⁵ ti¹¹/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹/

/tʰu³¹ tʰi⁵⁵/

/tʰu⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɛi²⁴²/

/tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tue²²/

/tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tue³³/

/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tue⁴¹/

/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ te⁴¹/

/tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ te²²/

/tʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ te³³/

/tʰou⁵²⁻³⁵ ti¹¹/

/tʰu²¹⁴ d̥i⁴/

/tʰou̯³⁵ tei̯²²⁻³⁵/

/tʰu³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɛi²⁴²/

/tʰu²¹⁴ d̥i⁴/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹/

/tʰou̯³⁵ tei̯²²⁻³⁵/

/tʰu³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɛi²⁴²/

Alternative name for 土地公 (Tǔdìgōng, “Tudigong”).


改正

/kaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/kɔːi̯³⁵ t͡sɪŋ³³/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ²¹/

/kai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ²¹/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ¹¹/

/kai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ²¹/

/koi⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sĩã²¹³/

/kaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/kɔːi̯³⁵ t͡sɪŋ³³/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ²¹/

/kai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ²¹/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ¹¹/

/kai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ²¹/

/koi⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sĩã²¹³/

改正錯誤

改正错误


自然

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ ʐän¹/

/t͡sz̩⁴⁴ ʐæ̃²⁴/

/t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ i̯en¹¹/

/t͡sʰz̩⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ian¹¹/

/t͡su⁴² iŋ²¹/

/t͡sy²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ yoŋ⁵³/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ liɛn²⁴/

/t͡su³³⁻¹¹ liɛn²⁴/

/t͡sɯ⁴¹⁻²² liɛn²⁴/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ d͡ziɛn¹³/

/t͡su³³⁻²¹ ziɛn²³/

/t͡si⁴¹⁻²² liɛn²⁴/

/t͡sɯ³⁵⁻¹¹ d͡ziaŋ⁵⁵/

/zz̩²² zø⁴⁴/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ ʐän¹/

/t͡sz̩⁴⁴ ʐæ̃²⁴/

/t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ i̯en¹¹/

/t͡sʰz̩⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ian¹¹/

/t͡su⁴² iŋ²¹/

/t͡sy²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ yoŋ⁵³/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ liɛn²⁴/

/t͡su³³⁻¹¹ liɛn²⁴/

/t͡sɯ⁴¹⁻²² liɛn²⁴/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ d͡ziɛn¹³/

/t͡su³³⁻²¹ ziɛn²³/

/t͡si⁴¹⁻²² liɛn²⁴/

/t͡sɯ³⁵⁻¹¹ d͡ziaŋ⁵⁵/

/zz̩²² zø⁴⁴/

Attested earliest in the Tao Te Ching:
*
*

When the work is completed and affairs succeeded, the common people say, "We are like this by ourselves."

Gōngchéng shìsuì, bǎixìng jiē wèi: “Wǒ zìrán.”

功成事遂，百姓皆謂：「我自然。」

功成事遂，百姓皆谓：「我自然。」

Man takes his law from the Earth; the Earth takes its law from Heaven; Heaven takes its law from the Dao. The law of the Dao is its being what it is.

Rénfǎ dì, dìfǎ tiān, tiānfǎ dào, dàofǎ zìrán.

人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然。

愛護自然

爱护自然

親近自然

亲近自然


自然

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ ʐän¹/

/t͡sz̩⁴⁴ ʐæ̃²⁴/

/t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ i̯en¹¹/

/t͡sʰz̩⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ian¹¹/

/t͡su⁴² iŋ²¹/

/t͡sy²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ yoŋ⁵³/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ liɛn²⁴/

/t͡su³³⁻¹¹ liɛn²⁴/

/t͡sɯ⁴¹⁻²² liɛn²⁴/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ d͡ziɛn¹³/

/t͡su³³⁻²¹ ziɛn²³/

/t͡si⁴¹⁻²² liɛn²⁴/

/t͡sɯ³⁵⁻¹¹ d͡ziaŋ⁵⁵/

/zz̩²² zø⁴⁴/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ ʐän¹/

/t͡sz̩⁴⁴ ʐæ̃²⁴/

/t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ i̯en¹¹/

/t͡sʰz̩⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ian¹¹/

/t͡su⁴² iŋ²¹/

/t͡sy²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ yoŋ⁵³/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ liɛn²⁴/

/t͡su³³⁻¹¹ liɛn²⁴/

/t͡sɯ⁴¹⁻²² liɛn²⁴/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ d͡ziɛn¹³/

/t͡su³³⁻²¹ ziɛn²³/

/t͡si⁴¹⁻²² liɛn²⁴/

/t͡sɯ³⁵⁻¹¹ d͡ziaŋ⁵⁵/

/zz̩²² zø⁴⁴/

功成事遂，百姓皆謂：「我自然。」

功成事遂，百姓皆谓：「我自然。」

人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然。

自然美麗

自然美丽


自然

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ ʐän¹/

/t͡sz̩⁴⁴ ʐæ̃²⁴/

/t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ i̯en¹¹/

/t͡sʰz̩⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ian¹¹/

/t͡su⁴² iŋ²¹/

/t͡sy²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ yoŋ⁵³/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ liɛn²⁴/

/t͡su³³⁻¹¹ liɛn²⁴/

/t͡sɯ⁴¹⁻²² liɛn²⁴/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ d͡ziɛn¹³/

/t͡su³³⁻²¹ ziɛn²³/

/t͡si⁴¹⁻²² liɛn²⁴/

/t͡sɯ³⁵⁻¹¹ d͡ziaŋ⁵⁵/

/zz̩²² zø⁴⁴/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ ʐän¹/

/t͡sz̩⁴⁴ ʐæ̃²⁴/

/t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ i̯en¹¹/

/t͡sʰz̩⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ian¹¹/

/t͡su⁴² iŋ²¹/

/t͡sy²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ yoŋ⁵³/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ liɛn²⁴/

/t͡su³³⁻¹¹ liɛn²⁴/

/t͡sɯ⁴¹⁻²² liɛn²⁴/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ d͡ziɛn¹³/

/t͡su³³⁻²¹ ziɛn²³/

/t͡si⁴¹⁻²² liɛn²⁴/

/t͡sɯ³⁵⁻¹¹ d͡ziaŋ⁵⁵/

/zz̩²² zø⁴⁴/

功成事遂，百姓皆謂：「我自然。」

功成事遂，百姓皆谓：「我自然。」

人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然。

naturally; of course; as a matter of course


大人

Sino-Xenic (大人):
* → Japanese: 大人(たいじん) (taijin); 大人(だいにん) (dainin)
* → Korean: 대인(大人) (daein)
* → Vietnamese: đại nhân (大人)

/tä⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/ta⁴⁴ ʐəŋ²⁴/

/taːi̯²² jɐn²¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ ŋin¹¹/

/tai³⁵⁻¹¹ d͡ziŋ⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/ta⁴⁴ ʐəŋ²⁴/

/taːi̯²² jɐn²¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ ŋin¹¹/

/tai³⁵⁻¹¹ d͡ziŋ⁵⁵/

; address towards Japanese officials; "police officer"

法官大人

(honorific) Your Excellency; His Excellency (form of address to a higher-up)


地位

/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/tei̯²² wɐi̯²²/

/te³³⁻²¹ ui³³/

/te⁴¹⁻²² ui⁴¹/

/te²²⁻²¹ ui²²/

/tue³³⁻¹¹ ui³³/

/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/tei̯²² wɐi̯²²/

/te³³⁻²¹ ui³³/

/te⁴¹⁻²² ui⁴¹/

/te²²⁻²¹ ui²²/

/tue³³⁻¹¹ ui³³/

支配地位

國際地位

国际地位

position (in society, the world, etc.); standing; status (Classifier: 個／个 m)


地下

/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/tʰi⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ha⁵³/

/te³³⁻²¹ ha³³/

/te²²⁻²¹ ha²²/

/tue³³⁻¹¹ ha³³/

/te⁴¹⁻²² ha²²/

/te²²⁻²¹ hɛ²²/

/tue³³⁻¹¹ e³³/

/tue²²⁻²¹ e²²/

/te³³⁻²¹ e³³/

/te²²⁻²¹ ɛ²²/

/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/tʰi⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ha⁵³/

/te³³⁻²¹ ha³³/

/te²²⁻²¹ ha²²/

/tue³³⁻¹¹ ha³³/

/te⁴¹⁻²² ha²²/

/te²²⁻²¹ hɛ²²/

/tue³³⁻¹¹ e³³/

/tue²²⁻²¹ e²²/

/te³³⁻²¹ e³³/

/te²²⁻²¹ ɛ²²/

Etymology tree
Chinese 地
Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(k/g)la-k/j/tder.?
Chinese 下 (xià)
Chinese 地下


失敗

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ paɪ̯⁵¹/

/sɐt̚⁵ paːi̯²²/

/sɨt̚² pʰai̯⁵⁵/

/ʃit⁵⁻² pʰai³³/

/sit̚³²⁻⁵⁴ pai²²/

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ paɪ̯⁵¹/

/sɐt̚⁵ paːi̯²²/

/sɨt̚² pʰai̯⁵⁵/

/ʃit⁵⁻² pʰai³³/

/sit̚³²⁻⁵⁴ pai²²/

他們的計劃註定要失敗。

他们的计划注定要失败。

(intransitive) to fail; to come to nothing; to fall through


愛情

ja-r

愛情(あいじょう) (aijō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (愛情):
* → Japanese: 愛情(あいじょう) (aijō)
* → Korean: 애정(愛情) (aejeong)
* → Vietnamese: ái tình (愛情)

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ³⁵/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ¹/

/ɔːi̯³³ t͡sʰɪŋ²¹/

/oɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰin¹¹/

/ai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡siɪŋ²⁴/

/ai¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡siɪŋ²⁴/

/ai²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡siɪŋ²³/

/ai²¹⁻⁵³ t͡siɪŋ²⁴/

/ai²¹⁻⁵³ t͡siɪŋ¹³/

/ai²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡siŋ²³/

/ai¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡siŋ²⁴/

/ãĩ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰeŋ⁵⁵/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ³⁵/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ¹/

/ɔːi̯³³ t͡sʰɪŋ²¹/

/oɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰin¹¹/

/ai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡siɪŋ²⁴/

/ai¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡siɪŋ²⁴/

/ai²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡siɪŋ²³/

/ai²¹⁻⁵³ t͡siɪŋ²⁴/

/ai²¹⁻⁵³ t͡siɪŋ¹³/

/ai²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡siŋ²³/

/ai¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡siŋ²⁴/

/ãĩ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰeŋ⁵⁵/

愛情故事

爱情故事

愛情不分性別。

爱情不分性别。

Tā yīzhí xiàngwǎng zhe chúnjié de àiqíng.

她一直嚮往著純潔的愛情。

她一直向往着纯洁的爱情。

[I] clearly knew love is a poison, [but I] still drank it; by the time the fire of love was ceaselessly burning, [I still] could not find a painkilling antidote.

Bêng-chai ài-chêng sī to̍k-io̍h, phian-phian chi̍t chhùi kā lim lo̍h; tán kah chîng hóe it-ti̍t sio, chhōe bô chí-thiàⁿ ê kái-io̍h.

明知愛情是毒藥，偏偏一嘴甲喝落；等到情火一直燒，找無止痛的解藥。

明知爱情是毒药，偏偏一嘴甲喝落；等到情火一直烧，找无止痛的解药。

love (of a romantic nature) (Classifier: 場／场 m; 種／种 m)


家具

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵¹/

/kaː⁵⁵ kɵy̯²²/

/ˈka⁴² t͡ɕʰy¹¹/

/t͡ɕia¹¹ t͡ɕy⁴⁵/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ ku³³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² ku²²/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² ki²²/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰu³³/

/ka⁵⁵ d͡ʑy²¹/

/t͡ɕia⁵⁵ d͡ʑy²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯a̠³³ t͡ɕy⁴⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵¹/

/kaː⁵⁵ kɵy̯²²/

/ˈka⁴² t͡ɕʰy¹¹/

/t͡ɕia¹¹ t͡ɕy⁴⁵/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ ku³³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² ku²²/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² ki²²/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰu³³/

/ka⁵⁵ d͡ʑy²¹/

/t͡ɕia⁵⁵ d͡ʑy²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯a̠³³ t͡ɕy⁴⁵/

That store has a good selection of furniture.

Nà jiā diàn yǒu hěn duō jiājù kě gōng tiǎoxuǎn.

那家店有很多家具可供挑選。

那家店有很多家具可供挑选。


委員

/weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/wɐi̯³⁵ jyːn²¹/

/ui⁴⁵³⁻¹³ œŋ¹³/

/ui³³²⁻⁵⁵ yøŋ¹³/

/ui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ uan²⁴/

/ui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ uan²⁴/

/ui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ uan²³/

/ui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ uan¹³/

/ui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²⁴/

/ui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²³/

/ui⁵²⁻³⁵ ueŋ⁵⁵/

/weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/wɐi̯³⁵ jyːn²¹/

/ui⁴⁵³⁻¹³ œŋ¹³/

/ui³³²⁻⁵⁵ yøŋ¹³/

/ui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ uan²⁴/

/ui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ uan²⁴/

/ui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ uan²³/

/ui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ uan¹³/

/ui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²⁴/

/ui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²³/

/ui⁵²⁻³⁵ ueŋ⁵⁵/


意志

Sino-Xenic (意志):
* → Japanese: 意志(いし) (ishi)
* → Korean: 의지(意志) (uiji)
* → Vietnamese: ý chí (意志)

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/jiː³³ t͡siː³³/

/i⁵⁵ t͡sɨ⁵⁵/

/i²¹⁻⁵³ t͡si²¹/

/i⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡si⁴¹/

/i²¹⁻⁵³ t͡si²¹/

/i¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡si¹¹/

/i²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡si²¹/

/i²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡si²¹³/

/i³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/jiː³³ t͡siː³³/

/i⁵⁵ t͡sɨ⁵⁵/

/i²¹⁻⁵³ t͡si²¹/

/i⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡si⁴¹/

/i²¹⁻⁵³ t͡si²¹/

/i¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡si¹¹/

/i²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡si²¹/

/i²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡si²¹³/

/i³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

堅強意志

坚强意志

政府意志


維持

/weɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/

/wɐi̯²¹ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/vi¹¹ t͡sʰɨ¹¹/

/ui²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi²⁴/

/ui¹³⁻²² t͡sʰi¹³/

/i²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi²⁴/

/i²³⁻³³ t͡sʰi²³/

/i²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi²⁴/

/bi²⁴⁻²² ti²⁴/

/ui¹³⁻²² ti¹³/

/d͡zui⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰi⁵⁵/

/weɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/

/wɐi̯²¹ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/vi¹¹ t͡sʰɨ¹¹/

/ui²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi²⁴/

/ui¹³⁻²² t͡sʰi¹³/

/i²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi²⁴/

/i²³⁻³³ t͡sʰi²³/

/i²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi²⁴/

/bi²⁴⁻²² ti²⁴/

/ui¹³⁻²² ti¹³/

/d͡zui⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰi⁵⁵/


異常

Sino-Xenic (異常):
* → Japanese: 異(い)常(じょう) (ijō)
* → Korean: 이상(異常) (isang)
* → Vietnamese: dị thường (異常)

/i⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/i²¹³ t͡sʰaŋ²¹/

/jiː²² sœːŋ²¹/

/i³³⁻¹¹ siɔŋ²⁴/

/i²²⁻²¹ siɔŋ²⁴/

/i⁴¹⁻²² siɔŋ²⁴/

/i³³⁻²¹ siɔŋ²³/

/i²²⁻²¹ siaŋ¹³/

/i³⁵⁻¹¹ sĩõ⁵⁵/

/i⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/i²¹³ t͡sʰaŋ²¹/

/jiː²² sœːŋ²¹/

/i³³⁻¹¹ siɔŋ²⁴/

/i²²⁻²¹ siɔŋ²⁴/

/i⁴¹⁻²² siɔŋ²⁴/

/i³³⁻²¹ siɔŋ²³/

/i²²⁻²¹ siaŋ¹³/

/i³⁵⁻¹¹ sĩõ⁵⁵/

抛出異常

抛出异常

捕獲異常

捕获异常

異常處理

异常处理


以上

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/jiː¹³ sœːŋ²²/

/i²⁴⁻¹¹ soŋ⁵⁵/

/(j)i²⁴⁻¹¹ soŋ⁵⁵/

/i²¹ t͡siɔŋ⁵⁵/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ²²/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ³³/

/i⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ³³/

/i⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɔŋ⁴¹/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siaŋ²²/

/i⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siaŋ³³/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siaŋ³³/

/ĩ⁵²⁻³⁵ siaŋ³⁵/

/i⁴¹ ʂan²¹⁻¹¹/

/i⁴¹ san²¹⁻¹¹/

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/jiː¹³ sœːŋ²²/

/i²⁴⁻¹¹ soŋ⁵⁵/

/(j)i²⁴⁻¹¹ soŋ⁵⁵/

/i²¹ t͡siɔŋ⁵⁵/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ²²/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ³³/

/i⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ³³/

/i⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɔŋ⁴¹/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siaŋ²²/

/i⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siaŋ³³/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siaŋ³³/

/ĩ⁵²⁻³⁵ siaŋ³⁵/

/i⁴¹ ʂan²¹⁻¹¹/

/i⁴¹ san²¹⁻¹¹/


以上

ja-r

以上(いじょう) (ijō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (以上):
* → Japanese: 以上(いじょう) (ijō)
* → Korean: 이상(以上) (isang)

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/jiː¹³ sœːŋ²²/

/i²⁴⁻¹¹ soŋ⁵⁵/

/(j)i²⁴⁻¹¹ soŋ⁵⁵/

/i²¹ t͡siɔŋ⁵⁵/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ²²/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ³³/

/i⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ³³/

/i⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɔŋ⁴¹/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siaŋ²²/

/i⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siaŋ³³/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siaŋ³³/

/ĩ⁵²⁻³⁵ siaŋ³⁵/

/i⁴¹ ʂan²¹⁻¹¹/

/i⁴¹ san²¹⁻¹¹/

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/jiː¹³ sœːŋ²²/

/i²⁴⁻¹¹ soŋ⁵⁵/

/(j)i²⁴⁻¹¹ soŋ⁵⁵/

/i²¹ t͡siɔŋ⁵⁵/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ²²/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ³³/

/i⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ³³/

/i⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɔŋ⁴¹/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siaŋ²²/

/i⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siaŋ³³/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siaŋ³³/

/ĩ⁵²⁻³⁵ siaŋ³⁵/

/i⁴¹ ʂan²¹⁻¹¹/

/i⁴¹ san²¹⁻¹¹/

2021 April 15, 立法院未來國會願景規劃諮詢委員會, quoting 丘如華, “立法院未來國會願景規劃諮詢委員會第一次會議”, in 立法院遷(改)建計畫網站, Taipei, page 13:

I am still at work even at 2~3 at midnight, [so] you can ask me any time. I may not 24-7, but I am 7-eleven. That's all.

Wǎnshàng 2-3 diǎn wǒ dōu hái zài shàngbān, suíshí dōu kěyǐ wèn wǒ, bùshì 24 xiǎoshí, kěshì shì 7-eleven, yǐshàng.

晚上2-3點我都還在上班，隨時都可以問我，不是24小時，可是是7-eleven，以上。

晚上2-3点我都还在上班，随时都可以问我，不是24小时，可是是7-eleven，以上。

(usually Internet slang, influenced by Japanese) that's it; that's all (used at the end of a text to indicate that there is nothing further)


一生

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/jɐt̚⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/it̚³²⁻⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/it̚³²⁻⁵ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/it̚⁵⁻²⁴ sŋ̍³³/

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/jɐt̚⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/it̚³²⁻⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/it̚³²⁻⁵ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/it̚⁵⁻²⁴ sŋ̍³³/

你已成为我一生中最伟大的骄傲 [MSC, simp.]
nǐ yǐ chéngwéi wǒ yīshēng zhōng zuì wěidà de jiāo'ào [Pinyin]

劉德華, 你是我一生中最大的驕傲 你已成為我一生中最偉大的驕傲 [MSC, trad.]

You've become the greatest source of pride in my life

lifetime; all one's life; one's whole life


一致

/i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/jɐt̚⁵ t͡siː³³/

/it̚² t͡sɨ⁵⁵/

/it̚³²⁻⁴ ti²¹/

/it̚⁵⁻²⁴ ti⁴¹/

/it̚³²⁻⁵ ti²¹/

/it̚³²⁻⁴ ti¹¹/

/it̚³²⁻⁴ ti²¹/

/t͡sek̚⁴⁻² ti²¹³/

/iɪʔ³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/jɐt̚⁵ t͡siː³³/

/it̚² t͡sɨ⁵⁵/

/it̚³²⁻⁴ ti²¹/

/it̚⁵⁻²⁴ ti⁴¹/

/it̚³²⁻⁵ ti²¹/

/it̚³²⁻⁴ ti¹¹/

/it̚³²⁻⁴ ti²¹/

/t͡sek̚⁴⁻² ti²¹³/

/iɪʔ³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

The two passwords that you entered are inconsistent.

兩次輸入的密碼不一致。

两次输入的密码不一致。

大家的觀點都一致。

大家的观点都一致。

in agreement; identical; in unanimity; in chorus; consistent; same


一致

/i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/jɐt̚⁵ t͡siː³³/

/it̚² t͡sɨ⁵⁵/

/it̚³²⁻⁴ ti²¹/

/it̚⁵⁻²⁴ ti⁴¹/

/it̚³²⁻⁵ ti²¹/

/it̚³²⁻⁴ ti¹¹/

/it̚³²⁻⁴ ti²¹/

/t͡sek̚⁴⁻² ti²¹³/

/iɪʔ³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/jɐt̚⁵ t͡siː³³/

/it̚² t͡sɨ⁵⁵/

/it̚³²⁻⁴ ti²¹/

/it̚⁵⁻²⁴ ti⁴¹/

/it̚³²⁻⁵ ti²¹/

/it̚³²⁻⁴ ti¹¹/

/it̚³²⁻⁴ ti²¹/

/t͡sek̚⁴⁻² ti²¹³/

/iɪʔ³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

一致同意

一致反對

一致反对

unanimously; without exception; consistently


一致

/i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/jɐt̚⁵ t͡siː³³/

/it̚² t͡sɨ⁵⁵/

/it̚³²⁻⁴ ti²¹/

/it̚⁵⁻²⁴ ti⁴¹/

/it̚³²⁻⁵ ti²¹/

/it̚³²⁻⁴ ti¹¹/

/it̚³²⁻⁴ ti²¹/

/t͡sek̚⁴⁻² ti²¹³/

/iɪʔ³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/jɐt̚⁵ t͡siː³³/

/it̚² t͡sɨ⁵⁵/

/it̚³²⁻⁴ ti²¹/

/it̚⁵⁻²⁴ ti⁴¹/

/it̚³²⁻⁵ ti²¹/

/it̚³²⁻⁴ ti¹¹/

/it̚³²⁻⁴ ti²¹/

/t͡sek̚⁴⁻² ti²¹³/

/iɪʔ³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

(linguistics, grammar) agreement; grammatical agreement; concord


移動

Sino-Xenic (移動):
* → Japanese: 移(い)動(どう) (idō)
* → Korean: 이동(移動) (idong)
* → Vietnamese: di động (移動)

/jiː²¹ tʊŋ²²/

/i¹¹ tʰuŋ⁵⁵/

/ie⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾louŋ²⁴²/

/i¹³⁻⁴² ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɒŋ²¹/

/i²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ²²/

/i²⁴⁻¹¹ tɔŋ³³/

/i²³⁻³³ tɔŋ³³/

/i¹³⁻²² tɔŋ²²/

/i²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ²²/

/i²⁴⁻¹² tɔŋ²²/

/i⁵⁵⁻¹¹ toŋ³⁵/

/jiː²¹ tʊŋ²²/

/i¹¹ tʰuŋ⁵⁵/

/ie⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾louŋ²⁴²/

/i¹³⁻⁴² ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɒŋ²¹/

/i²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ²²/

/i²⁴⁻¹¹ tɔŋ³³/

/i²³⁻³³ tɔŋ³³/

/i¹³⁻²² tɔŋ²²/

/i²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ²²/

/i²⁴⁻¹² tɔŋ²²/

/i⁵⁵⁻¹¹ toŋ³⁵/

(Mainland China) Short for 中國移動／中国移动 (Zhōngguó Yídòng, “China Mobile”).


違反

Sino-Xenic (違反):
* → Japanese: 違(い)反(はん) (ihan)
* → Korean: 위반(違反) (wiban)
* → Vietnamese: vi phản (違反)

/weɪ̯³⁵ fän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɐi̯²¹ faːn³⁵/

/ui²⁴⁻²² huan⁵⁵⁴/

/weɪ̯³⁵ fän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɐi̯²¹ faːn³⁵/

/ui²⁴⁻²² huan⁵⁵⁴/

違反校規

违反校规

違反醫囑

违反医嘱

違反交通規則

违反交通规则

to violate; to run counter to; to transgress; to infringe; to breach; to break; to go against


前天

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiːn²¹ tʰiːn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰie¹¹ tʰie¹¹/

/ʑi²² tʰi⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiːn²¹ tʰiːn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰie¹¹ tʰie¹¹/

/ʑi²² tʰi⁴⁴/

day before yesterday
day before yesterday


白天

/paɪ̯³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/pɛ²¹ tʰiɛn⁵⁵/

/baʔ¹¹ tʰi²³/

/paɪ̯³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/pɛ²¹ tʰiɛn⁵⁵/

/baʔ¹¹ tʰi²³/

to turn on the headlights in broad daylight

白天開大燈

白天开大灯

báitiān shì jiàoshòu, wǎnshang shì qínshòu

白天是教授，晚上是禽獸

白天是教授，晚上是禽兽


印刷

/in⁵¹ ʂu̯ä⁵⁵/

/jɐn³³ t͡sʰaːt̚³/

/in²¹⁻⁵³ suaʔ³²/

/in⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sua³³/

/in²¹⁻⁵³ sua⁴⁴/

/in¹¹⁻⁵³ suat̚³²/

/in²¹⁻⁴¹ suat̚³²/

/iŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ sueʔ²/

/ɦin²² səʔ⁴⁴/

/in⁵¹ ʂu̯ä⁵⁵/

/jɐn³³ t͡sʰaːt̚³/

/in²¹⁻⁵³ suaʔ³²/

/in⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sua³³/

/in²¹⁻⁵³ sua⁴⁴/

/in¹¹⁻⁵³ suat̚³²/

/in²¹⁻⁴¹ suat̚³²/

/iŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ sueʔ²/

/ɦin²² səʔ⁴⁴/

印刷精美

銅版印刷

铜版印刷

to print (to produce one or more copies of a text or image on a surface by machine)


印象

/in⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/iŋ⁴⁴ ɕiɑŋ⁴⁴/

/jɐn³³ t͡sœːŋ²²/

/iŋ⁴² ɬyɒŋ²¹/

/iŋ⁴² ɬyøŋ²¹/

/in⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siɔŋ⁴¹/

/in¹¹⁻⁵³ siɔŋ³³/

/in²¹⁻⁴¹ siɔŋ³³/

/in²¹⁻⁵³ siɔŋ²²/

/in⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siɔŋ²²/

/in²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰiaŋ²²/

/in¹¹⁻⁵³ siɔŋ⁵³/

/in²¹⁻⁴¹ siɔŋ⁴¹/

/eŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ siaŋ³⁵/

/in⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/iŋ⁴⁴ ɕiɑŋ⁴⁴/

/jɐn³³ t͡sœːŋ²²/

/iŋ⁴² ɬyɒŋ²¹/

/iŋ⁴² ɬyøŋ²¹/

/in⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siɔŋ⁴¹/

/in¹¹⁻⁵³ siɔŋ³³/

/in²¹⁻⁴¹ siɔŋ³³/

/in²¹⁻⁵³ siɔŋ²²/

/in⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siɔŋ²²/

/in²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰiaŋ²²/

/in¹¹⁻⁵³ siɔŋ⁵³/

/in²¹⁻⁴¹ siɔŋ⁴¹/

/eŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ siaŋ³⁵/

給某人留下深刻印象

给某人留下深刻印象

impression (feeling left on someone about someone or something)


上班

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ pän⁵⁵/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ pɑɻ⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ¹³ paːn⁵⁵/

/soŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ pan²⁴/

/ʃoŋ⁵³ pan⁵³/

/sɔŋ⁴⁴ pan⁴⁴/

/ɬyɒŋ²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾maŋ⁵³³/

/ɬyøŋ²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾maŋ⁵³³/

/siɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² pan³³/

/siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ pan⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ pan⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ pan⁴⁴/

/siaŋ²²⁻²¹ pan⁴⁴/

/t͡siũ²²⁻²¹ pan⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔ̃²²⁻²¹ pan⁴⁴/

/t͡sĩẽ³⁵⁻¹¹ paŋ³³/

/t͡sĩõ³⁵⁻¹¹ paŋ³³/

/zɑ̃²² pe⁴⁴/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ pän⁵⁵/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ pɑɻ⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ¹³ paːn⁵⁵/

/soŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ pan²⁴/

/ʃoŋ⁵³ pan⁵³/

/sɔŋ⁴⁴ pan⁴⁴/

/ɬyɒŋ²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾maŋ⁵³³/

/ɬyøŋ²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾maŋ⁵³³/

/siɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² pan³³/

/siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ pan⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ pan⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ pan⁴⁴/

/siaŋ²²⁻²¹ pan⁴⁴/

/t͡siũ²²⁻²¹ pan⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔ̃²²⁻²¹ pan⁴⁴/

/t͡sĩẽ³⁵⁻¹¹ paŋ³³/

/t͡sĩõ³⁵⁻¹¹ paŋ³³/

/zɑ̃²² pe⁴⁴/

我每天坐地鐵去上班。

我每天坐地铁去上班。

There's never anything for me to do at work.

我天天上班沒事幹。

我天天上班没事干。

to be on duty; to go to work; to begin one's work day; to begin one's shift


普通

Sino-Xenic (普通):
* → Japanese: 普(ふ)通(つう) (futsū)
* → Korean: 보통(普通) (botong)
* → Vietnamese: phổ thông (普通)

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰou̯³⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰu⁵⁵ hɵŋ³³/

/pʰu²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰuŋ²⁴/

/pʰu⁵³ tʰuŋ⁵³/

/pʰu⁴⁴ tʰʊŋ⁴⁴/

/pʰɔu⁴⁵³⁻²¹ ^((tʰ-))lɒŋ⁵³³/

/pʰɔu³³²⁻²¹ ^((tʰ-))lɒŋ⁵³³/

/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/pʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰɔŋ³³/

/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/pʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/pʰou⁵²⁻³⁵ tʰoŋ³³/

/pʰu³³ tʰoŋ⁴⁴/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰou̯³⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰu⁵⁵ hɵŋ³³/

/pʰu²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰuŋ²⁴/

/pʰu⁵³ tʰuŋ⁵³/

/pʰu⁴⁴ tʰʊŋ⁴⁴/

/pʰɔu⁴⁵³⁻²¹ ^((tʰ-))lɒŋ⁵³³/

/pʰɔu³³²⁻²¹ ^((tʰ-))lɒŋ⁵³³/

/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/pʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰɔŋ³³/

/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/pʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/pʰou⁵²⁻³⁵ tʰoŋ³³/

/pʰu³³ tʰoŋ⁴⁴/


紅茶

Sino-Xenic (紅茶):
* → Japanese: 紅茶(こうちゃ) (kōcha)
* → Korean: 홍차(紅茶) (hongcha)
* → Vietnamese: hồng trà (紅茶)

/xʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ t͡sʰaː²¹/

/hɵŋ²² t͡sʰa²²/

/fuŋ¹¹ t͡sʰa¹¹/

/øyŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾na⁵³/

/aŋ²³⁻³³ te²³/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²² te²⁴/

/aŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ te²⁴/

/aŋ¹³⁻²² tɛ¹³/

/aŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ te⁵⁵/

/ɦoŋ²² zo⁴⁴/

/xʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ t͡sʰaː²¹/

/hɵŋ²² t͡sʰa²²/

/fuŋ¹¹ t͡sʰa¹¹/

/øyŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾na⁵³/

/aŋ²³⁻³³ te²³/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²² te²⁴/

/aŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ te²⁴/

/aŋ¹³⁻²² tɛ¹³/

/aŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ te⁵⁵/

/ɦoŋ²² zo⁴⁴/

紅／红 (hóng, “red”) refers to the reddish color of the steeped tea.


統計

/tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ kɐi̯³³/

/tʰuŋ³¹ ki̯e⁵⁵/

/tʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ke²¹/

/tʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ke⁴¹/

/tʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ke²¹/

/tʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ke¹¹/

/tʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ke²¹/

/tʰoŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ koi²¹³/

/tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ kɐi̯³³/

/tʰuŋ³¹ ki̯e⁵⁵/

/tʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ke²¹/

/tʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ke⁴¹/

/tʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ke²¹/

/tʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ke¹¹/

/tʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ke²¹/

/tʰoŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ koi²¹³/


愛護

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu⁵¹/

/ɔːi̯³³ wuː²²/

/ai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hɔ⁴¹/

/ai²¹⁻⁴¹ hɔ³³/

/ai¹¹⁻⁵³ hɔ³³/

/ai²¹⁻⁵³ hɔ²²/

/ai²¹⁻⁴² hɔ²²/

/ãĩ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ hu³⁵/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu⁵¹/

/ɔːi̯³³ wuː²²/

/ai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hɔ⁴¹/

/ai²¹⁻⁴¹ hɔ³³/

/ai¹¹⁻⁵³ hɔ³³/

/ai²¹⁻⁵³ hɔ²²/

/ai²¹⁻⁴² hɔ²²/

/ãĩ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ hu³⁵/

愛護公物

爱护公物

愛護自然

爱护自然

Please show respect for historical sites.

請愛護古跡。

请爱护古迹。

請愛護森林。

请爱护森林。

to take good care of; to cherish; to show respect for; to protect


管子

desc

→ Mongolian: ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠨᠵᠠ (ɣuwanǰa), гуанз (guanz)

/ku̯än²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/ku̯än²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/ku̯än²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ku̯än²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


速度

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (速度):
* → Japanese: 速(そく)度(ど) (sokudo)
* → Korean: 속도(速度) (sokdo)
* → Vietnamese: tốc độ (速度)

/su⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu⁵¹/

/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵ tou̯²²/

/ɬɒʔ¹⁻⁴² tɔu²¹/

/ɬɒʔ²⁻²⁴ tɔu²¹/

/sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tɔ²²/

/sɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ tɔ⁴¹/

/sɔk̚³²⁻⁵ tɔ²²/

/sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tɔ³³/

/sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tɔ³³/

/su⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu⁵¹/

/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵ tou̯²²/

/ɬɒʔ¹⁻⁴² tɔu²¹/

/ɬɒʔ²⁻²⁴ tɔu²¹/

/sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tɔ²²/

/sɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ tɔ⁴¹/

/sɔk̚³²⁻⁵ tɔ²²/

/sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tɔ³³/

/sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tɔ³³/


統一

/tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵⁵/

/tʰuŋ²⁴ i²⁴/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ jɐt̚⁵/

/tʰuŋ³¹ it̚²/

/tʰuŋ²⁴⁻³³ ʒit⁵/

/tʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ it̚³²/

/tʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ it̚⁵/

/tʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ it̚³²/

/tʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ it̚³²/

/tʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ it̚³²/

/tʰoŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ ik̚²/

/tʰoŋ³³ iɪʔ⁴⁴/

/tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵⁵/

/tʰuŋ²⁴ i²⁴/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ jɐt̚⁵/

/tʰuŋ³¹ it̚²/

/tʰuŋ²⁴⁻³³ ʒit⁵/

/tʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ it̚³²/

/tʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ it̚⁵/

/tʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ it̚³²/

/tʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ it̚³²/

/tʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ it̚³²/

/tʰoŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ ik̚²/

/tʰoŋ³³ iɪʔ⁴⁴/

統一標準／统一标准

統一天下／统一天下

to unify; to unite; to integrate; to consolidate


統一

Sino-Xenic (統一):
* → Japanese: 統一(とういつ) (tōitsu)
* → Korean: 통일(統一) (tong'il)
* → Vietnamese: thống nhất (統一)

/tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵⁵/

/tʰuŋ²⁴ i²⁴/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ jɐt̚⁵/

/tʰuŋ³¹ it̚²/

/tʰuŋ²⁴⁻³³ ʒit⁵/

/tʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ it̚³²/

/tʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ it̚⁵/

/tʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ it̚³²/

/tʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ it̚³²/

/tʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ it̚³²/

/tʰoŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ ik̚²/

/tʰoŋ³³ iɪʔ⁴⁴/

/tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵⁵/

/tʰuŋ²⁴ i²⁴/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ jɐt̚⁵/

/tʰuŋ³¹ it̚²/

/tʰuŋ²⁴⁻³³ ʒit⁵/

/tʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ it̚³²/

/tʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ it̚⁵/

/tʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ it̚³²/

/tʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ it̚³²/

/tʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ it̚³²/

/tʰoŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ ik̚²/

/tʰoŋ³³ iɪʔ⁴⁴/


軍隊

Sino-Xenic (軍隊):
* → Japanese: 軍隊(ぐんたい) (guntai)
* → Korean: 군대(軍隊) (gundae)
* → Vietnamese: quân đội (軍隊)

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/kʷɐn⁵⁵ tɵy̯²²⁻³⁵/

/kun³³ ui³²⁻³²⁵/

/kun³³ t͡sui³²⁻³²⁵/

/kun³³ tui³²⁻³²⁵/

/ki̯un²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰu̯i⁵⁵/

/ki̯un²⁴⁻¹¹ tu̯i⁵⁵/

/kœyŋ⁵⁴ ty⁵⁵/

/kuŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nui²⁴²/

/kuŋ³³⁻²³ tui¹¹/

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/kʷɐn⁵⁵ tɵy̯²²⁻³⁵/

/kun³³ ui³²⁻³²⁵/

/kun³³ t͡sui³²⁻³²⁵/

/kun³³ tui³²⁻³²⁵/

/ki̯un²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰu̯i⁵⁵/

/ki̯un²⁴⁻¹¹ tu̯i⁵⁵/

/kœyŋ⁵⁴ ty⁵⁵/

/kuŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nui²⁴²/

/kuŋ³³⁻²³ tui¹¹/

統率軍隊

统率军队

撤回軍隊

撤回军队

(collective, military) army; troops; forces (Classifier: 支; 個／个)


特殊

/tʰɤ⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

/tɐk̚² syː²¹/

/tiɪk̚⁴⁻³² su²⁴/

/tiɪk̚⁴⁻³² su²³/

/tiɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ su¹³/

/tʰɤ⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

/tɐk̚² syː²¹/

/tiɪk̚⁴⁻³² su²⁴/

/tiɪk̚⁴⁻³² su²³/

/tiɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ su¹³/

特殊情況

特殊情况


構造

/koʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/kʰɐu̯³³ t͡sou̯²²/

/kɐu̯³³ t͡sou̯²²/

/kio⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡so²²/

/kɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡so³³/

/kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ t͡so²²/

/kɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sɤ³³/

/koʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/kʰɐu̯³³ t͡sou̯²²/

/kɐu̯³³ t͡sou̯²²/

/kio⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡so²²/

/kɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡so³³/

/kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ t͡so²²/

/kɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sɤ³³/

structure; construction (Classifier: 個／个 m)


事件

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/sz̩⁴⁴ t͡ɕiæ̃²⁴/

/siː²² kiːn²²⁻³⁵/

/sɨ⁵⁵ kʰi̯en⁵⁵/

/sɨ⁵⁵ kʰi̯an⁵⁵/

/sy²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾yɔŋ²⁴²/

/su³³⁻¹¹ kiã³³/

/su³³⁻²¹ kiã³³/

/su²²⁻²¹ kiã²²/

/sɯ⁴¹⁻²² kiã²²/

/sɯ¹¹ kĩã³⁵/

/zz̩²² t͡ɕi⁴⁴/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/sz̩⁴⁴ t͡ɕiæ̃²⁴/

/siː²² kiːn²²⁻³⁵/

/sɨ⁵⁵ kʰi̯en⁵⁵/

/sɨ⁵⁵ kʰi̯an⁵⁵/

/sy²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾yɔŋ²⁴²/

/su³³⁻¹¹ kiã³³/

/su³³⁻²¹ kiã³³/

/su²²⁻²¹ kiã²²/

/sɯ⁴¹⁻²² kiã²²/

/sɯ¹¹ kĩã³⁵/

/zz̩²² t͡ɕi⁴⁴/

歷史事件

历史事件

重大事件

意外事件

恐襲事件

恐袭事件

暗殺事件

暗杀事件

極端天氣事件

极端天气事件

大規模槍擊事件

大规模枪击事件

有新聞價值的事件

有新闻价值的事件

免疫接種後的不良事件

免疫接种后的不良事件

Special administrative regions should seriously punish civil servants who violate regulations.

Tèqū yīng yánsù chǔlǐ gōngwùyuán wéiguī shìjiàn.

特區應嚴肅處理公務員違規事件。

特区应严肃处理公务员违规事件。

event; incident; occurrence (Classifier: 個／个 m; 起 m)

(physics) event (point in spacetime) (Classifier: 個／个 m)

硬件事件

(computing) event (action which triggers an event handler) (Classifier: 個／个 m)

不可能事件

(probability theory) event (subset of the sample space) (Classifier: 個／个 m)


平方

Sino-Xenic (平方):
* → Japanese: 平方(へいほう) (heihō)
* → Korean: 평방(平方) (pyeongbang)
* → Vietnamese: bình phương (平方)

/pʰiŋ³⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ fɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰen²² fɔŋ³³/

/pʰen²² fɔŋ³³⁻³³⁵/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ³³/

/piɪŋ¹³⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/piɪŋ²³⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/pʰeŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ huaŋ³³/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ fɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰen²² fɔŋ³³/

/pʰen²² fɔŋ³³⁻³³⁵/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ³³/

/piɪŋ¹³⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/piɪŋ²³⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/pʰeŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ huaŋ³³/

Yòng jiǎn xián wài, yǒu shíliù, kāi píngfāng, chú dé sì bù wèi gōu, bèi zhī wèi suǒ gē zhíjìng.

用減弦外，有十六，開平方，除得四步為勾，倍之為所割直徑。

用减弦外，有十六，开平方，除得四步为勾，倍之为所割直径。

(arithmetic) square (as in square foot, square mile, square root); second power


立方

/li⁵¹ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

/laːp̚² fɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/lɐp̚² fɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/lip̚³² fɔŋ³³/

/lip̚³² fɔŋ³³⁻³³⁵/

/lip̚⁴⁻³² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lip̚²⁴⁻² hɔŋ³³/

/lip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lip̚⁴⁻³² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lip̚⁴⁻³² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/li⁵¹ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

/laːp̚² fɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/lɐp̚² fɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/lip̚³² fɔŋ³³/

/lip̚³² fɔŋ³³⁻³³⁵/

/lip̚⁴⁻³² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lip̚²⁴⁻² hɔŋ³³/

/lip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lip̚⁴⁻³² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lip̚⁴⁻³² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

Short for 立方米 (lìfāngmǐ, “cubic meter”).


兔子

/tʰu⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/tʰu⁴⁴ t͡sz̩²⁴/

/tʰou̯³³ t͡siː³⁵/

/tʰu²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sz̩¹/

/tʰu³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/tʰu⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

/tʰu⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/tʰu⁴⁴ t͡sz̩²⁴/

/tʰou̯³³ t͡siː³⁵/

/tʰu²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sz̩¹/

/tʰu³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/tʰu⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

(Harbin Mandarin) female rascal or prostitute


頭髮

Sino-Xenic (頭髮):
* → Japanese: 頭髪(とうはつ) (tōhatsu)
* → Korean: 두발(頭髮) (dubal)

Wutunhua: tekhua

/tʰoʊ̯³⁵ fä³/

/tʰoʊ̯³⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰəu²¹ fa²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/tʰɐu̯²¹ faːt̚³/

/tʰəɯ²⁴ pue²⁴/

/tʰəu¹¹ faʔ²/

/tʰau⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uɔʔ²⁴/

/tʰau¹³⁻⁴² ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾uei²¹/

/dɤ²² faʔ⁴⁴/

/døy²² fɑʔ³³/

/tʰəu̯¹³ ɸa̠²⁴/

/tʰoʊ̯³⁵ fä³/

/tʰoʊ̯³⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰəu²¹ fa²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/tʰɐu̯²¹ faːt̚³/

/tʰəɯ²⁴ pue²⁴/

/tʰəu¹¹ faʔ²/

/tʰau⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uɔʔ²⁴/

/tʰau¹³⁻⁴² ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾uei²¹/

/tʰau¹³⁻⁴² ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾uei²¹/

/dɤ²² faʔ⁴⁴/

/døy²² fɑʔ³³/

/tʰəu̯¹³ ɸa̠²⁴/

梳頭髮

梳头发

一縷頭髮

一缕头发

種植頭髮

种植头发

我把頭髮染成了粉的。

我把头发染成了粉的。

hair on the head (Classifier: 條／条 m c; 根 m; 縷／缕 m; 綹／绺 m)


鼻子

→? English: beezer

/piəʔ⁵⁴ t͡səʔ¹/

/piəʔ⁵⁴ t͡səʔ¹/

/pi³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pi³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(dialectal Mandarin, Jin, Xiang) nasal mucus; snot


脖子

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/pə²⁴ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/paʔ⁵⁴ t͡səʔ¹/

/bɑʔ²² t͡sz̩³⁴/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/pə²⁴ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/paʔ⁵⁴ t͡səʔ¹/

/bɑʔ²² t͡sz̩³⁴/

(chiefly Mandarin, Jin, Hangzhounese) neck


地球

Sino-Xenic (地球):
* → Japanese: 地(ち)球(きゅう) (Chikyū)
* → Korean: 지구(地球) (Jigu)
* → Vietnamese: Địa Cầu (地球)

→ Vietnamese: Trái Đất (calque)

/ti⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/ti⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/tei̯²² kʰɐu̯²¹/

/tʰi⁵⁵ kʰi̯u¹¹/

/ti⁴⁵ t͡ɕʰiəu¹¹/

/ti²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ieu⁵³/

/te³³⁻²¹ kiu²³/

/te²²⁻²¹ kiu²⁴/

/te⁴¹⁻²² kiu²⁴/

/te²²⁻²¹ kiu¹³/

/di²² d͡ʑiɤ⁴⁴/

/ti²¹⁻¹¹ t͡ɕʰi̯əu̯¹³/

/ti⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/ti⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/tei̯²² kʰɐu̯²¹/

/tʰi⁵⁵ kʰi̯u¹¹/

/ti⁴⁵ t͡ɕʰiəu¹¹/

/ti²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ieu⁵³/

/te³³⁻²¹ kiu²³/

/te²²⁻²¹ kiu²⁴/

/te⁴¹⁻²² kiu²⁴/

/te²²⁻²¹ kiu¹³/

/di²² d͡ʑiɤ⁴⁴/

/ti²¹⁻¹¹ t͡ɕʰi̯əu̯¹³/

地球自轉

地球自转

地球繞太陽公轉。

地球绕太阳公转。


理論

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən⁵¹/

/li²⁴⁻¹¹ lun⁵⁵/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun²²/

/li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lun⁴¹/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun²²/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun³³/

/li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lun³³/

/li⁵²⁻³⁵ luŋ³⁵/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən⁵¹/

/li²⁴⁻¹¹ lun⁵⁵/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun²²/

/li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lun⁴¹/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun²²/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun³³/

/li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lun³³/

/li⁵²⁻³⁵ luŋ³⁵/

馬克思主義理論

马克思主义理论

(mathematics, physics, literary, politics, etc.) theory


活躍

/xu̯ɔ³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/wuːt̚² jœːk̚³/

/wuːt̚² jœːk̚²/

/huat̚⁴⁻³² iɔk̚⁴/

/huat̚²⁴⁻² iɔk̚²⁴/

/huat̚¹²¹⁻²¹ iau²²/

/ua(ʔ)²⁴⁻² iɔk̚²⁴/

/ua(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ iau²²/

/xu̯ɔ³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/wuːt̚² jœːk̚³/

/wuːt̚² jœːk̚²/

/huat̚⁴⁻³² iɔk̚⁴/

/huat̚²⁴⁻² iɔk̚²⁴/

/huat̚¹²¹⁻²¹ iau²²/

/ua(ʔ)²⁴⁻² iɔk̚²⁴/

/ua(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ iau²²/

活躍用戶

活跃用户


活躍

/xu̯ɔ³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/wuːt̚² jœːk̚³/

/wuːt̚² jœːk̚²/

/huat̚⁴⁻³² iɔk̚⁴/

/huat̚²⁴⁻² iɔk̚²⁴/

/huat̚¹²¹⁻²¹ iau²²/

/ua(ʔ)²⁴⁻² iɔk̚²⁴/

/ua(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ iau²²/

/xu̯ɔ³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/wuːt̚² jœːk̚³/

/wuːt̚² jœːk̚²/

/huat̚⁴⁻³² iɔk̚⁴/

/huat̚²⁴⁻² iɔk̚²⁴/

/huat̚¹²¹⁻²¹ iau²²/

/ua(ʔ)²⁴⁻² iɔk̚²⁴/

/ua(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ iau²²/

(intransitive) to be active; to be dynamic; to be lively

活躍市場

活跃市场

(transitive) to liven up; to enliven; to animate; to invigorate


進化

/t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/t͡sɵn³³ faː³³/

/t͡siŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuɑ²¹³/

/t͡sin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hua⁴¹/

/t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/t͡sɵn³³ faː³³/

/t͡siŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuɑ²¹³/

/t͡sin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hua⁴¹/

Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 進(しん)化(か) (shinka).


禁止

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (禁止):
* → Japanese: 禁(きん)止(し) (kinshi)
* → Korean: 금지(禁止) (geumji)
* → Vietnamese: cấm chỉ (禁止)

/t͡ɕin⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐm³³ t͡siː³⁵/

/kim²¹⁻⁵³ t͡si⁵³/

/kim⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡si⁵⁵⁴/

/kim²¹⁻⁵³ t͡si⁵³/

/kim¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡si⁵³/

/kim²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡si⁴¹/

/kim²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡si⁵²⁻²¹/

/t͡ɕin⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐm³³ t͡siː³⁵/

/kim²¹⁻⁵³ t͡si⁵³/

/kim⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡si⁵⁵⁴/

/kim²¹⁻⁵³ t͡si⁵³/

/kim¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡si⁵³/

/kim²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡si⁴¹/

/kim²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡si⁵²⁻²¹/

禁止侵入

禁止泊車。

禁止泊车。

禁止吸煙。

禁止吸烟。

禁止攝影。

禁止摄影。

禁止攝像。

禁止摄像。

禁止使用閃光燈。

禁止使用闪光灯。

禁止大聲喧嘩。

禁止大声喧哗。

很多國家禁止捕鯨。

很多国家禁止捕鲸。

Refrain from intercourse during recovery.

患病期間禁止行房。

患病期间禁止行房。


生物

/sɐŋ⁵⁵ mɐt̚²/

/saŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ vut̚⁵/

/sɛn⁴⁴ ʋut̚⁵/

/saŋ⁴⁴ ʋut̚⁵/

/ɬɛŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mɔʔ⁴/

/ɬɛŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾muoʔ²⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² but̚¹²¹/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ but̚⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² but̚⁴/

/sŋ̍³³ but̚²⁴/

/sẽ³³⁻²³ mueʔ⁴/

/sən⁵⁵ vəʔ²¹/

/sɐŋ⁵⁵ mɐt̚²/

/saŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ vut̚⁵/

/sɛn⁴⁴ ʋut̚⁵/

/saŋ⁴⁴ ʋut̚⁵/

/ɬɛŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mɔʔ⁴/

/ɬɛŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾muoʔ²⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² but̚¹²¹/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ but̚⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² but̚⁴/

/sŋ̍³³ but̚²⁴/

/sẽ³³⁻²³ mueʔ⁴/

/sən⁵⁵ vəʔ²¹/

(biology) organism; living being; lifeform (Classifier: 個／个)


消失

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/siːu̯⁵⁵ sɐt̚⁵/

/ɕiɔ⁵⁵ səʔ²¹/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/siːu̯⁵⁵ sɐt̚⁵/

/ɕiɔ⁵⁵ səʔ²¹/

Love will disappear. Promises will lapse.

愛會消失，承諾會失效。

爱会消失，承诺会失效。


作文

/t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹ wən³⁵/

/t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹ wəɻ³⁵/

/t͡sɔːk̚³ mɐn²¹⁻³⁵/

/t͡sɔk̚¹ ʋun¹¹/

/t͡suaʔ²⁻⁵⁴ vəŋ¹¹/

/t͡sɔ²⁴ uɔŋ²¹/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ bun²⁴/

/t͡sɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ bun²⁴/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁵ bun¹³/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ bun²⁴/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ bun²³/

/t͡sak̚²⁻⁴ buŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡soʔ³³ vən⁴⁴/

/t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹ wən³⁵/

/t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹ wəɻ³⁵/

/t͡sɔːk̚³ mɐn²¹⁻³⁵/

/t͡sɔk̚¹ ʋun¹¹/

/t͡suaʔ²⁻⁵⁴ vəŋ¹¹/

/t͡sɔ²⁴ uɔŋ²¹/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ bun²⁴/

/t͡sɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ bun²⁴/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁵ bun¹³/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ bun²⁴/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ bun²³/

/t͡sak̚²⁻⁴ buŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡soʔ³³ vən⁴⁴/


作者

/t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɔːk̚³ t͡sɛː³⁵/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sia⁵³/

/t͡sɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sia⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sia⁵³/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sia⁵³/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sia⁴¹/

/t͡sak̚²⁻⁴ t͡sia⁵²⁻²¹/

/t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɔːk̚³ t͡sɛː³⁵/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sia⁵³/

/t͡sɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sia⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sia⁵³/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sia⁵³/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sia⁴¹/

/t͡sak̚²⁻⁴ t͡sia⁵²⁻²¹/


作家

/t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/t͡sɔːk̚³ kaː⁵⁵/

/tɔk̚⁵⁵ ka³³⁻³³⁵/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/t͡sɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ ka³³/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁵ kɛ⁴⁴/

/t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/t͡sɔːk̚³ kaː⁵⁵/

/tɔk̚⁵⁵ ka³³⁻³³⁵/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/t͡sɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ ka³³/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁵ kɛ⁴⁴/

Tā shì wǒ zuì xǐhuān de zuòjiā, méiyǒu zhīyī.

她是我最喜歡的作家，沒有之一。

她是我最喜欢的作家，没有之一。


作家

/t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/t͡sɔːk̚³ kaː⁵⁵/

/tɔk̚⁵⁵ ka³³⁻³³⁵/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/t͡sɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ ka³³/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁵ kɛ⁴⁴/

/t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/t͡sɔːk̚³ kaː⁵⁵/

/tɔk̚⁵⁵ ka³³⁻³³⁵/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/t͡sɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ ka³³/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁵ kɛ⁴⁴/


支持

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/t͡sz̩⁴² t͡sʰz̩²/

/t͡sɨ²⁴ t͡sʰɨ¹¹/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰi²⁴/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰi²³/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi¹³/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi²⁴/

/ki³³⁴ t͡sʰi¹¹/

/ki⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi²⁴/

/t͡sĩ³³⁻²³ tʰi⁵⁵/

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ zz̩²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/t͡sz̩⁴² t͡sʰz̩²/

/t͡sɨ²⁴ t͡sʰɨ¹¹/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰi²⁴/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰi²³/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi¹³/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi²⁴/

/ki³³⁴ t͡sʰi¹¹/

/ki⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi²⁴/

/t͡sĩ³³⁻²³ tʰi⁵⁵/

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ zz̩²¹/


支持

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/t͡sz̩⁴² t͡sʰz̩²/

/t͡sɨ²⁴ t͡sʰɨ¹¹/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰi²⁴/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰi²³/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi¹³/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi²⁴/

/ki³³⁴ t͡sʰi¹¹/

/ki⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi²⁴/

/t͡sĩ³³⁻²³ tʰi⁵⁵/

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ zz̩²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/t͡sz̩⁴² t͡sʰz̩²/

/t͡sɨ²⁴ t͡sʰɨ¹¹/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰi²⁴/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰi²³/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi¹³/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi²⁴/

/ki³³⁴ t͡sʰi¹¹/

/ki⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi²⁴/

/t͡sĩ³³⁻²³ tʰi⁵⁵/

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ zz̩²¹/

技術支持

技术支持

政府的支持


指示

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡siː³⁵ siː²²/

/t͡sɨ³¹ sɨ⁵⁵/

/t͡si³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛi²⁴²/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si²²/

/t͡si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ si⁴¹/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si²²/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si³³/

/t͡si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ si³³/

/t͡si⁵²⁻³⁵ si¹¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡siː³⁵ siː²²/

/t͡sɨ³¹ sɨ⁵⁵/

/t͡si³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛi²⁴²/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si²²/

/t͡si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ si⁴¹/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si²²/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si³³/

/t͡si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ si³³/

/t͡si⁵²⁻³⁵ si¹¹/


指示

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡siː³⁵ siː²²/

/t͡sɨ³¹ sɨ⁵⁵/

/t͡si³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛi²⁴²/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si²²/

/t͡si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ si⁴¹/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si²²/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si³³/

/t͡si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ si³³/

/t͡si⁵²⁻³⁵ si¹¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡siː³⁵ siː²²/

/t͡sɨ³¹ sɨ⁵⁵/

/t͡si³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛi²⁴²/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si²²/

/t͡si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ si⁴¹/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si²²/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si³³/

/t͡si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ si³³/

/t͡si⁵²⁻³⁵ si¹¹/