懷

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡruːl) and ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 褱 (OC *ɡruːl, *ɡruːl, “to miss; bosom”). The original meaning is "to miss, to long for". Originally written 褱, see there for more. Hence, the phonetic component also adds part of the original meaning.

Han compound

(Magong Hokkien) pocket (bag sewn into clothing)


疆

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaŋ): semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 彊 (OC *kaŋs, *ɡaŋ, *ɡaŋʔ).
Variant or allofam of 境 (OC *kraŋʔ, “boundary”) (Schuessler, 2007). Compare also Burmese ကင်း (kang:, “to be free from, keep away from”).

cog

(Hsinchu and Magong Hokkien) very big bowl


誰

谁
谁
倽
上
仩
谁
𪝊
𫢗
谁
谁
孰:chiâ
咜:chôa

(Hokkien, including Xiamen, Kinmenese, Magong and Singapore Hokkien; Teochew; Hainanese) who; whom


風

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (風):
* → Japanese: 風(ふう) (fū)
* → Korean: 풍(風) (pung)
* → Vietnamese: phong (風)

→? Old Korean: (via Old Chinese) (Zhao, 2007)

desctree

Middle Korean: ᄇᆞᄅᆞᆷ (polom, “wind”)
Korean: 바람 (baram)

Drung language
Jingpho language
Shuowen
dissimilation

Characters in the same phonetic series (凡) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *plum, *plums): phonetic 凡 (OC *bom) + semantic 虫 (“insects”); the point inside 凡 is still visible above the insect, hence this component appears as 䖝. Ancient Chinese people thought that insects appear with wind. (Insects refer to any kind of animal, such as tigers (大蟲)).
In the oracle bone script, the character 鳳 (OC *bums, “male fenghuang”) was phonetically borrowed to represent 風 (OC *plum, *plums). The right part of the bronze inscription of the character consists of phonetic 凡 (OC *bom) at the top, and three parts depicting the fur on the tail of the male fenghuang at the bottom. Subsequent forms of 風 are based on the right part of its bronze inscription, with two of the three threads of "fur" removed for simplification. The 虫 in the Chu script and Qin script of 風 was likely a result of further simplification of the "fur". Shuowen misinterpreted the character 風 by associating it with insects. (Li, 2012)
Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *buŋ (“wind”) (STEDT). Velar nasal final -ŋ, restored later in Middle Chinese (Schuessler, 2007), is preserved in cognates like Proto-Central Naga *m-puŋ, Jingpho mabung, nbung, Drung nvmbeung.
Pronunciations 1, 2, and 3 are all cognates; with both 2 and 3 evolving from *prəm-s, exoactive (with causative suffix -s) of *prəm (Schuessler, 2007). It is unclear how Old Chinese *prəm is related to Tibetan རླུང (rlung) and Proto-Tai *C̬.lɯmᴬ.
Korean 바람 (baram) may have been borrowed from Chinese (Zhao, 2007). The Chinese word has a wide range of extended meanings, and interestingly many of these have exact parallels in the Korean item. Compare Chinese 風流 and 風騷 with Korean 바람둥이 (baramdung'i).
Cognate with:
* 飛廉 (OC *pɯl ɡ·rem, “wind god”)
* 蜚蠊 (OC *pɯlʔ/bɯls ɡ·rem, “cockroach”) (note the preservation of the -r- infix in Old Chinese through disyllabification, also 嵐 (OC *b·ruːm), 葻 (OC *b·uːm))
* 瘋 (OC *plum, “mad, insane”)
* 諷 (OC *plums, “to mock, to advise”)
* 帆 (OC *bom, *boms, “sail”)
The development from Old Chinese to Middle Chinese was irregular, driven by dissimilation of the initial and coda bilabial consonants.

Han compound

风
凨
凬
𠙈
𠙄
𠙊
凮
𠙗
飌
𩙣
𠂡


大同

/tä⁵¹ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² tʰʊŋ²¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ tʰuŋ¹¹/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² tɔŋ²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ¹³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ tɔŋ²⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ tɔŋ²³/

/tä⁵¹ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² tʰʊŋ²¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ tʰuŋ¹¹/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² tɔŋ²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ¹³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ tɔŋ²⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ tɔŋ²³/

The philosophical sense is from the Book of Rites, Book 9 (《禮記·禮運》)

… In this way (selfish) schemings were repressed and found no development. Robbers, filchers, and rebellious traitors did not show themselves, and hence the outer doors remained open, and were not shut. This was (the period of) what we call the Grand Union.

The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

...... Shìgù móu bì ér bù xīng, dàoqiè luànzéi ér bù zuò, gù wàihù ér bù bì, shì wèi dàtóng.

……是故謀閉而不興，盜竊亂賊而不作，故外戶而不閉，是謂大同。

……是故谋闭而不兴，盗窃乱贼而不作，故外户而不闭，是谓大同。

(Taiwanese Hokkien, chiefly Tainan and Magong Hokkien) green pepper


正面

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ mi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ miːn²²/

/t͡siã²¹⁻⁵³ bin³³/

/t͡siã²¹⁻⁴¹ bin³³/

/t͡siã²¹⁻⁵³ bin²²/

/t͡siã⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ bin⁴¹/

/t͡siã¹¹⁻⁵³ bin³³/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ biɛn²²/

/t͡sĩã²¹³⁻⁵⁵ miŋ¹¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ mi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ miːn²²/

/t͡siã²¹⁻⁵³ bin³³/

/t͡siã²¹⁻⁴¹ bin³³/

/t͡siã²¹⁻⁵³ bin²²/

/t͡siã⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ bin⁴¹/

/t͡siã¹¹⁻⁵³ bin³³/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ biɛn²²/

/t͡sĩã²¹³⁻⁵⁵ miŋ¹¹/

GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

(Magong, Sanxia and Tainan Hokkien) right side; the right


鵝仔菜

/ŋo¹¹ e³¹ t͡sʰoi̯⁵⁵/

/ɡo²⁴⁻²² a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai²¹/

/ɡɤ²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰai²¹/

/ɡia²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai¹¹/

/ŋo¹¹ e³¹ t͡sʰoi̯⁵⁵/

/ɡo²⁴⁻²² a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai²¹/

/ɡɤ²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰai²¹/

/ɡia²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai¹¹/


頭梳

/tʰau⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lœ⁵⁵/

/tʰau⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lœ⁵⁵/

(Northern Min, Eastern Min, Magong Hokkien, Wenzhounese) comb


挂墓紙

(Taichung and Magong Hokkien, figurative) to pay respects to a dead person at their grave


薟薑醬

(Magong Hokkien) red pepper paste; chili sauce


狗毛仔蟲

/kau⁵³⁻²⁴ mŋ̍²⁴⁻¹² a⁵³⁻²⁴ tʰaŋ²⁴/

/kau⁵³⁻²⁴ mŋ̍²⁴⁻¹² a⁵³⁻²⁴ tʰaŋ²⁴/

(Kinmenese and Magong Hokkien) caterpillar


番仔蘆黍

/huan⁴⁴⁻²² a³¹⁻²² lɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ sue³¹/

/huan⁴⁴⁻²² a³¹⁻²² lɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ sue³¹/

(Tong'an and Magong Hokkien) corn; maize