а

Хареса ти, а?

Утре заминаваш, а?

used when you are not certain about something and you would like confirmation: eh, well, right, or translated with a tag question


е

Cyrillic script
Appendix:Cyrillic script

The sixth letter of the Bulgarian alphabet, called е (e), and written in the Cyrillic script.


по

Вървя по улицата.

used to indicate movement over a surface or movement bound to certain limits (usually continuous or repeating in time), on, over, through, along

По евро за книга.

Двама по двама.

Тичам по малко (всеки ден).

in conjunction with countable nouns for price or quantity, expressing quantity, expressing distribution, by


по

По́ я обичам!

Той е по́ юнак от теб.

used for nouns, verbs and other parts of speech to form a comparative, more


я

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish یا (ya), from Classical Persian یا (yā).

Я да видя!

Я ти да се махаш от тук!

(colloquial) Used in imperative sentence for emphasis.

A: Няма повече мляко в хладилника.
B: Няма, я!

A: Njama poveče mljako v hladilnika.
B: Njama, ja!

A: There isn't any milk left in the fridge.
B: You're damn right there isn't!

(colloquial) Used to emphasize that what has just been said is true.


я

Я има вода, я няма.

Я се върне, я не.

(colloquial) used to introduce two alternative options; either, or


я

Я, не знаех, че си бил тук.

Я, колко хубави цветя!

used to express surprise, wonder or amazement; oh


да

LL-Q7918 (bul)-Kiril kovachev-да (unstressed).wav

From Proto-Slavic *da (in the conjunction sense), related to the first etymology.

Искам да напусна.

Не знам как да го кажа.

Да се греши е човешко.

Започва да вали.

Да ти кажа истината,...

Мога да плувам.

Трябва да тръгвам.

particle: used to mark an infinitive, to (or in some other cases, such as with modal verbs, it is not translated)


май

Май че ще вали.

It looks like rain; l'm afraid it's going to rain; I fancy it will rain.

in all probability/likelihood, most probably, apparently, to all appearances, by all appearances, very likely


не

Inherited from Old Church Slavonic не (ne), from Proto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *né.

inh+

Не знам.

Не мога.

Мария не им даде възможност да се извинят.

Marija ne im dade vǎzmožnost da se izvinjat.

Maria didn't give them a chance to apologize.

Не Мария им даде възможност да се извинят.

Ne Marija im dade vǎzmožnost da se izvinjat.

It was not Maria who gave them a chance to apologize. (Someone else did.)

Не на тях Мария даде възможност да се извинят.

Ne na tjah Marija dade vǎzmožnost da se izvinjat.

It was not to them that Maria gave a chance to apologize. (She gave it to someone else.)

Не възможност да се извинят им даде Мария.

Ne vǎzmožnost da se izvinjat im dade Marija.

It was not a chance to apologize that Maria gave them. (She gave them something else.)

Не да се извинят им даде възможност Мария.

Ne da se izvinjat im dade vǎzmožnost Marija.

It was not a chance to apologize that Maria gave them. (She gave them a chance to do something else.)

used to negate the meaning of the following word or phrase, not, n't


море

bg-noun

море́ • (moré) n (relational adjective мо́рски)

море́ (canonical)
moré (romanization)
мо́рски (adjective relational)
море́ (indefinite singular)
море́та (indefinite plural)
моря́ (archaic indefinite plural poetic)
море́то (definite singular)
море́тата (definite plural)
моря́та (archaic definite plural poetic)

From Proto-Slavic *moře, reanalyzed as an *-ę stem, from Proto-Indo-European *móri.

(figuratively) thousands of, a wilderness of, as in море от люде - thousands of people


на

пристигането на гостите

избухването на войната

used with nouns formed from intransitive verbs to indicate the subject of the action, of

четенето на книгата

изобретяването на компютъра

used with nouns formed from transitive verbs to indicate the direct object of the action, of

Времето е на дъжд.

Вятърът духа на пролет.

The wind is blowing like spring is coming.

да обичаш на инат

used to introduce a noun phrase that describes the verb, or if it is a linking verb, to describe the subject of the verb


ли

Ще ходиш ли там?

Коя химикалка искаш – червената ли, синята ли, някаква друга ли?

Koja himikalka iskaš – červenata li, sinjata li, njakakva druga li?

Which pen do you want - the red one, the blue one or another one?

interrogative particle for multiple-choice questions

Какво ли искаше тоя човек?

Видя ли го, ще му кажа.

when, as soon as, once, whenever, every time (in questions)


ни

Не мисля, че ни видяха да идваме.

short form of the first-person plural pronoun in the accusative case, used as the direct object of a verb; us


си

Върви си!

Go home!/Go away!/Go your way!/Go where you came from!

Трябва да си тръгвам.

I must go home now./I must be going now./It’s time I were moving.

Тя си отиде.

She left./She went her way./She went home.

used with certain verbs of movement, meaning that the movement is directed towards one's home or towards the place one came from

нещо си

някой си

някъде си

used after indefinite pronouns and adverbs to intensify the indefiniteness


то

Ако пристигнеш навреме, то ще можеш веднага да се включиш.

Ako pristigneš navreme, to šte možeš vednaga da se vključiš.

If you arrive on time, then you can immediately join in.

Ако те не отидат, то и ние няма да отидем.

Ako te ne otidat, to i nie njama da otidem.

If they do not go, we shan’t go there either.

used to show the logical result of a particular statement or situation; then, in that case


ба

Аре ба!


че

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *če (neuter relative particle).

inh+

Видях я, че плаче.

Видях го, че влиза в сградата.

present participle
present participle#English

used to introduce a clause that indicates an action taken by the main verb's direct object, translated with the present participle or the bare infinitive


еле

head

е́ле • (éle)

е́ле (canonical)
éle (romanization)
е́ля (alternative dialectal)
е́ли (alternative dialectal)

Inherited from Old Church Slavonic ѥлѣ (jelě), from Proto-Slavic *je lě.

inh+

Еле каква стана?

Еле че хубаво!

adds emphasis to a statement or а question

Намери кого да питаш. Еля знаеш, че не съм тукашен?

Nameri kogo da pitaš. Elja znaeš, če ne sǎm tukašen?

You found [the wrong] person to ask. Don't you know that I am not [originally] from here?


ще

Ще му кажа.

Като се прибереш, ще съм почистил къщата.

Kato se pribereš, šte sǎm počistil kǎštata.

By the time you get home, I will have cleaned the house.

used to form the future and the future perfect tense, will, shall, going to


ма

Ма, то наистина било хубаво!

Ма, какво му мислите толкова?

expresses irritation, objection, impatiance


нека

head

не́ка • (néka)

From Proto-Slavic *nekъ. Compare Serbo-Croatian не̏ка/nȅka, Slovak nech, and Polish niech.


еде

е́де • (éde)

е́де (canonical)
éde (romanization)
е́ди (alternative)

Inherited from Old Church Slavonic ѥде (jede), from Proto-Slavic *je de. Probably originally a determinative pronoun.

inh+

еде кой

еде що

еде кога

еде как

adds sense of indeterminateness to interrogative pronouns


мари

head

мари́ • (marí)

(informal, dated) Used when addressing a female, usually as an intensifier, but seldom used independently. This particle hints familiarity and is primarily used in questions or expressions of wander/bewilderment.


нали

нали́ • (nalí)

нали́ (canonical)
nalí (romanization)
не́ли (alternative dialectal)

From Proto-Slavic *neli. Altered under the influence of дали (dali).

Той беше готов да отговори веднага. Та нали това му е специалността!

Toj beše gotov da otgovori vednaga. Ta nali tova mu e specialnostta!

He was ready to reply immediately, since this (topic/question) was within his sphere of expertise.

Лесно е да искаш туй и онуй, когато си дете. Нали някой друг плаща!

Lesno e da iskaš tuj i onuj, kogato si dete. Nali njakoj drug plašta!

It's easy to ask for things, when you are kid. After all, someone else pays!

emphatic particle: expresses or introduces new relevant information/evidence: after all, given that


пък

From Proto-Slavic *pьkъ. Originally a discourse marker, related to Bulgarian по (po, “at, upon”), па (pa, “so, afterwards”).

тоз пък

ти пък

какво пък

как пък

emphatic participle for reinforcing demonstrative or interrogative pronouns: hell, damn, for all the world


ето

е́то • (éto)

е́то (canonical)
éto (romanization)
е́те (alternative dialectal)
те (alternative dialectal)

е́то ме


аджеба

а́джеба • (ádžeba)

а́джеба (canonical)
ádžeba (romanization)
а́джаба (alternative)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish عجبا (acaba), perhaps influenced by Ottoman Turkish عجب (acep).

bor+

Изтракаха по калдъръма няколко конника. Минаха край нас и кривнаха към хана на Янаки чорбаджи. Агите се спогледаха и си думат: кой ще да е този, аджеба.

1982, Петко Росен, „През гори зелени“:

Several horsemen clopped out onto the cobbled path. They passed us by and wended towards the inn owned by the master Yanaki. The aghas exchanged glances and muttered: who might this one be, I wonder?

Iztrakaha po kaldǎrǎma njakolko konnika. Minaha kraj nas i krivnaha kǎm hana na Janaki čorbadži. Agite se spogledaha i si dumat: koj šte da e tozi, adžeba.

(colloquial) I wonder; interrogative particle, expressing uncertainty


жда

žda (romanization)
жа (alternative colloquial dialectal)
жи (alternative colloquial dialectal)

Convergence of ща да (šta da, “to will, to seek to”) (< Old Church Slavonic хътѣти (xŭtěti)< Proto-Slavic *xъtěti) and dialectal жъда́ (žǎdá, “to await”) (< Old Church Slavonic жьдати (žĭdati)< Proto-Slavic *žьdati).

(nonstandard, dialectal) used to form (periphrastic) future and future perfect tense


джанъм

head

джа́нъм • (džánǎm)

джа́нъм (canonical)
džánǎm (romanization)

From Ottoman Turkish جانيم (canım), cognate with Macedonian џанам (džanam).

bor

<i class="Latn mention" lang="tr">canım</i>


льо

Откога се е, мила моя майно льо, зора зазорила…

1848, “Откак се е, мила моя майно льо (Otkak se e, mila moja majno ljo) [Since when, O dear mother]”:

Otkoga se e, mila moja majno ljo, zora zazorila…

(dialect or poetic, postpositive) Vocative particle, used by the speaker to address the antecedent; O.