ລາວ

Compare Thai ลาว (laao), Northern Thai ᩃᩣ᩠ᩅ, Lü ᦟᦱᧁ (laaw), Shan လၢဝ်း (láao), Khmer ឡាវ (laav), Proto-Austroasiatic *k.raw. More at Lao.

ພາສາລາວ

ຄົນລາວ


ໂຕ

Ultimately from Chinese 頭 (OC *[m-t]ˁo). Cognate with Northern Thai ᨲᩫ᩠ᩅ, Thai ตัว (dtuua), Lü ᦷᦎ (ṫo), Tai Dam ꪶꪔ, Shan တူဝ် (tǒ), Ahom 𑜄𑜥 (tū) or 𑜄𑜤 (tu), Zhuang duz, Saek ทั๊ว and Khmer តួ (tuə). Compare also Japanese 頭 (tō, “counter for certain animals”).

cog

of animals, clothing, furniture, playing cards


ໂຕ

(informal) a second person pronoun, used to address a person of equal or lower status.


ຂ້ອຍ

lo-pronoun

ຂ້ອຍ • (khǭi)

Derived from the elision of the disyllabic polite pronoun ຂ້ານ້ອຍ (khā nǭi) into the monosyllable ຂ້ອຍ (khǭi). Cognate with Thai ข้อย (kɔ̂ɔi), Isan ข้อย, Northern Thai ᨡᩬ᩠᩶ᨿ, Khün ᨡᩭ᩶, Lü ᦃᦾᧉ (ẋoay²).

cog

Lü ᦃᦾᧉ (ẋoay²)


ຂ້າ

From Proto-Tai *kraːꟲ (“slave”). Cognate with Ahom 𑜁𑜠 (kha), Thai ข้า (kâa), Lü ᦃᦱᧉ (ẋaa²), Shan ၶႃႈ (khāa), Tai Nüa ᥑᥣᥲ (xàa).

Lü ᦃᦱᧉ (ẋaa²)


ເຈົ້າ

lo-noun

ເຈົ້າ • (chao)

From Proto-Tai *ɕɤwꟲ, from Middle Chinese 主 (MC tsyuX, “master; owner”). Cognate with Thai เจ้า (jâao), Lü ᦈᧁᧉ (ṫsaw²), Tai Dam ꪹꪊ꫁ꪱ, Shan ၸဝ်ႈ (tsāo), Ahom 𑜋𑜈𑜫 (chaw) or 𑜋𑜨𑜧 (chow).

cog

Lü ᦈᧁᧉ (ṫsaw²)


ອັນນີ້

lo-pronoun

ອັນນີ້ • (ʼan nī)


ພວກເຮົາ

ພວກເຮົາ • (phūak hao)

[pʰuːə̯k̚˥˨.haw˧˥]

[pʰuːə̯k̚˧˦.haw˩˨]


ເຮົາ

ເຮົາ • (hao)

From Proto-Tai *rawᴬ (“first person plural pronoun”). Cognate with Thai เรา (rao), Northern Thai ᩁᩮᩢᩣ, Isan เฮา, Lü ᦣᧁ (haw), Tai Dam ꪹꪭꪱ, Tai Nüa ᥞᥝᥰ (häw), Shan ႁဝ်း (háo), Ahom 𑜍𑜧 (raw), 𑜍𑜈𑜫 (raw) or 𑜍𑜧𑜈𑜫 (raww), Bouyei rauz, Zhuang raeuz.


ຂ້າພະເຈົ້າ

lo-pronoun

ຂ້າພະເຈົ້າ • (khā pha chao)

khā pha chao (romanization)
ຂ້າພຣະເຈົ້າ (alternative)

[kʰaː˥˥˨.pʰa(ʔ˧˨).t͡ɕaw˧˦]

ຂ້າ-ພະ-ເຈົ້າ

ຂ້າ ພະ ເຈົ້າ

Derived from the elision of the pentasyllabic pronoun ຂ້າພຣະພຸດທະເຈົ້າ (khāp ra phut tha chao) into the trisyllabic ຂ້າພະເຈົ້າ (khā pha chao).


ເຫລົ່ານີ້

ເຫລົ່ານີ້ • (lao nī)

lao nī (romanization)
ເຫຼົ່ານີ້ (alternative)


ຕົນເອງ

ຕົນເອງ • (ton ʼēng)

[ton˩˨.ʔeːŋ˩˨]

(reflexive pronoun) oneself; myself/himself/yourself etc.


ຂອງພວກເຮົາ

ຂອງພວກເຮົາ • (khǭng phūak hao)

[kʰɔːŋ˩(˧).pʰuːə̯k̚˥˨.haw˧˥]

[kʰɔːŋ˥˧˧.pʰuːə̯k̚˧˦.haw˩˨]

ຂອງ-ພວກ-ເຮົາ

ຂອງ ພວກ ເຮົາ


ຂ້ານ້ອຍ

head

ຂ້ານ້ອຍ • (khā nǭi)

khā nǭi (romanization)
ຂ້ອຍນ້ອຍ (alternative)

[kʰaː˧˩.nɔːj˥˨]

[kʰaː˥˥˨.nɔːj˧˦]

From ຂ້າ (khā, “servant”) + ນ້ອຍ (nǭi, “small, little”) ("inferior servant"). Cognate with Isan ข้าน้อย, Khün ᨡ᩶ᩣᨶᩭ᩶ (khaa³ nɔɔy⁶), Lü ᦃᦱᧉᦓᦾᧉ (ẋaa²noay²).

cog

Isan ข้าน้อย

Khün ᨡ᩶ᩣᨶᩭ᩶ (khaa³ nɔɔy⁶)

Lü ᦃᦱᧉᦓᦾᧉ (ẋaa²noay²)

(formal) a first person pronoun employed when addressing a person of higher status.


ຜູ້ຂ້າ

head

ຜູ້ຂ້າ • (phū khā)

phū khā (romanization)
ຜູ່ຂ້າ (alternative)

[pʰuː˧˩.kʰaː˧˩]

[pʰuː˥˥˨.kʰaː˥˥˨]

From ຜູ້ (phū, “person”) + ຂ້າ (khā, “servant”) ("servant person"). Cognate with Isan ผู้ข่า, Khün ᨹᩪ᩶ᨡ᩶ᩣ, and Lü ᦕᦴᧉᦃᦱᧉ (ṗhuu²ẋaa²).

cog

Lü ᦕᦴᧉᦃᦱᧉ (ṗhuu²ẋaa²)


ຂ້າເຈົ້າ

lo-pronoun

ຂ້າເຈົ້າ • (khā chao)

[kʰaː˧˩.t͡ɕaw˥˨]

[kʰaː˥˥˨.t͡ɕaw˧˦]


ຂ້າພຣະພຸດທະເຈົ້າ

ຂ້າພຣະພຸດທະເຈົ້າ • (khāp ra phut tha chao)

From ຂ້າ (khā, “servant”) + ພຣະພຸດທະເຈົ້າ (phra phut tha chao, literally “divine enlightened lord”); literally "servant of divine enlightened lord".

compound

ພຣະພຸດທະເຈົ້າ

a first person pronoun, employed by a commoner when addressing a monarch or high-ranking royal person.


ກູ

From Proto-Tai *kuːᴬ (“I”, singular first-person pronoun (weak)). Cognate with Thai กู (guu), Zhuang gou.


ຂ້ອຍນ້ອຍ

lo-pronoun

ຂ້ອຍນ້ອຍ • (khǭi nǭi)

[kʰɔːj˧˩.nɔːj˥˨]

[kʰɔːj˥˥˨.nɔːj˧˦]

ຂ້ານ້ອຍ ຂ້ານ້ອຍ#Lao


ຕູ

From Proto-Tai *tu. Cognate with Thai ตู (dtuu), Lao ຕູ (tū), Shan တူ (tǔu).


ຕູຂ້ອຍ

ຕູຂ້ອຍ • (tū khǭi)

[tuː˩˨.kʰɔːj˥˥˨]

From ຕູ (tū, “we”) + ຂ້ອຍ (khǭi, “servants”) ("us servants"). Compare Lü ᦎᦴᦃᦾᧉ (ṫuuẋoay²).

cog

Lü ᦎᦴᦃᦾᧉ (ṫuuẋoay²)


ຕູຂ້າ

lo-pronoun

ຕູຂ້າ • (tū khā)

[tuː˩˨.kʰaː˥˥˨]

From ຕູ (tū, “we”) + ຂ້າ (khā, “slaves”) ("us slaves").


ເຂົາເຈົ້າ

ເຂົາເຈົ້າ • (khao chao)


ອາດຍາ

ອາດຍາ • (ʼā da nyā)

ʼā da nyā (romanization)
ອາຍາ (alternative)

[ʔaːt̚˧˩.ɲaː˧˥]

[ʔaːt̚˥˥˨.ɲaː˩˨]

Borrowed from Sanskrit आज्ञा (ājñā, “authority; command; order; power; etc.”).

bor

you (talking to a high ranking nobleman or aristocrat, sometimes also high ranking Buddhist monks)


ພຣະອົງ

[pʰa(ʔ˧˨).ʔoŋ˩˨]

From ພຣະ (phra, “prefix for gods, royal persons, and things relating to them”, literally “divine; excellent; precious; etc”) + ອົງ (ʼong, “being; body; form; etc”); probably derived from Old Khmer braḥ ʼaṅga. Compare Modern Khmer ព្រះអង្គ (prĕəh ʼɑng); Thai พระองค์ (prá-ong).

cog

Khmer ព្រះអង្គ (prĕəh ʼɑng)

a second or third person pronoun referring to a god, religious personage, high priest, or royal person.


ໃຜ

Cognate with Northern Thai ᨹᩲ, Isan ใผ or ไผ, Lü ᦺᦕ (ṗhay), Shan ၽႂ် (phǎue), Tai Nüa ᥚᥬᥴ (pháue), Aiton ၸၞ် (phaü), Ahom 𑜇𑜧 (phaw) or 𑜇𑜨𑜧 (phow).


ຜູ້ໃດ

lo-pronoun

ຜູ້ໃດ • (phū dai)

[pʰuː˥˥˨.daɰ˩˨]


ເພິ່ນ

ເພິ່ນ • (phœn)


ທ່ານ

ທ່ານ • (thān)

Compare with Thai ท่าน (tâan), Isan ท่าน, Northern Thai ᨴ᩵ᩤ᩠ᨶ, Tai Dam ꪕ꪿ꪱꪙ.


ມຶງ

ມຶງ • (mưng)

From Proto-Tai *mɯŋᴬ (“singular second-person pronoun (weak)”).
Cognate with Thai มึง (mʉng), Lü ᦙᦹᧂ (mueng), Tai Dam ꪣꪳꪉ, Zhuang mwngz.
Compare Proto-Hlai *C-mɯː (“you (singular)”).