orang

ms-classifier

orang (Jawi spelling اورڠ, singular seorang)

اورڠ (Jawi)
seorang (singular)
org (alternative Internet abbreviation)

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *uraŋ (“person”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uʀaŋ (“outsider”). Possible cognate with Javanese wong.
First attested in the Telaga Batu inscription, 683 CE, as Old Malay [script needed] (urang).

inh+

seorang lelaki


anu

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *a-nu, from Proto-Austronesian *-nu.

si anu

hajat anu

Someone or something whose name is not mentioned (on purpose, due to forgetting, etc.).


sy

(informal, text messaging, Internet slang) abbreviation of saya (“I”)


saya

ساي (Jawi)
sahaya (alternative)
سهاي (alternative)
sy (alternative)

Indonesian: saya

North Moluccan Malay: saya

From Sanskrit सहाय (sahāya, “follower”).

kau-

informal/towards God; friendly/older towards younger


itu

From Proto-Malayic *(i)tu(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)tu, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)Cu. Compare Tagalog ito (“this”).


ia

head

ia (Jawi spelling اي, cliticized form -nya)

From Proto-Malayic *ia, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(si-)ia, from Proto-Austronesian *(si-)ia.

Ia merupakan Perdana Menteri Kanada.

Genderless third person pronoun; he, she, they.


dia

Ambonese Malay: dia

Betawi: dia

Indonesian: dia

Cognate with ia, -nya, from Proto-Malayic *ia, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(si-)ia, from Proto-Austronesian *(si-)ia.

Dia adik lelaki saya.

Genderless third person pronoun; he, she, it.


aku

اکو (Jawi)
daku (alternative poetic)
ak (alternative Internet)
aque (alternative Internet)
aq (alternative Internet)

Indonesian: aku

From Proto-Malayic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.
First attested in the Telaga Batu inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (aku).

Aku orang itu.

Ini aku.

Ini beg aku.

(when placed after a noun) my (first person singular possesive pronoun)


teman

ms-noun

teman (Jawi spelling تمن, plural teman-teman)

friend (person whose company one enjoys)


kita

کيت (Jawi)
kite (alternative pronunciation-spelling)
kiter (alternative)

Indonesian: kita

desc

Manado Malay: (first person singular personal pronoun) kita (“I”)

North Moluccan Malay: (first person singular personal pronoun) kita (“I”)

From Proto-Malayic *kita(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kita, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kita.

we, us (inclusive of the person spoken to)

(informal) we, us (exclusive of the person spoken to)

(informal, chiefly women's speech in Malaysia) I, me (used by women and tenderhearted person)


kami

Indonesian: kami

From Proto-Malayic *kami, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.

we, us, our (exclusive of the person spoken to)


hang

(informal, Kedah, Penang, Perlis) The person being spoken to; you.


beta

(Palace Malay) I, me, my (exclusive use in royalty, subject is either king or queen)


beta

ms-noun

beta (Jawi spelling بيتا, plural beta-beta)

beta (second letter of the Greek alphabet)


mu

Shortened form of kamu, from Proto-Malayic *kamu(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kamu, *kamiu, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kamu, *kamiu.


tu

Shortened form of itu, from Proto-Malayic *(i)tu(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)tu, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)Cu.

itu (alternative)
تو (alternative)
ايت (alternative)

(colloquial) that (what is being indicated)


ini

First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684AD. From Proto-Malayic *(i)ni(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)ni, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)ni.

this (The thing, item, etc. being indicated)


apa

> Indonesian: apa (inherited)

→ Min Nan: 啊吧 (a-pā)

From Proto-Malayic *apa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *apa (compare Maori aha).

Ya apa tidak?


kawan

kawan (Jawi spelling کاون, plural kawan-kawan)

کاون (Jawi)
kawan-kawan (plural)
کاون (alternative)


hamba

همبا (Jawi)
ambo (alternative pronunciation-spelling)
ambe (alternative pronunciation-spelling)

Indonesian: hamba

Borrowed from Sanskrit हम्भाय (hambhāya, “low”), compare to Sanskrit हंबतारा (haṃbatārā, “good man”).

cog

(dialectal, Kelantan-Pattani, Negeri Sembilan, Terengganu) I (me, my).


engkau

اڠکاو (Jawi)
kau (alternative)
kau- (alternative)
-kau (alternative)
dikau (alternative)

From Proto-Malayic *kau, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *i-kahu, from Proto-Austronesian *i-kaSu. The eng- component is epenthetical to avoid a monosyllabic pronunciation.


kaula

(Javanese, possibly obsolete) I (me, my)


beliau

Indonesian: beliau

Uncertain, probably from Malay belia (“young”), from Sanskrit बाल्य (bālya, “relating to children”).
* Originally used to refer to someone who the speaker did not want to name. The word undergoes amelioration, but the reduplicated form (beliau-beliau) for plural pronoun still preserved the original meaning of "undesirable third persons" used as pejoration.

der

(honorific) he, she (someone highly respected or of high status)


kamu

From Proto-Malayic *kamu(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kamu, *kamiu, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kamu, *kamiu.
First attested in the Telaga Batu inscription, 683 CE, as Old Malay [script needed] (kamu).


anda

From earlier *awaknda. Reanalysable as awak (“body; you”) + -anda (“honorific suffix”).

suffix

Anda siapa?


daku

داکو (Jawi)
aku (alternative)
ku (alternative)
ku- (alternative)
-ku (alternative)

Variant of aku, from Proto-Malayic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.


siapa

سياڤا (Jawi)
sape (alternative colloquial pronunciation-spelling)

Indonesian: siapa

From Proto-Malayic *si-apa. By surface analysis, si + apa (“what”). Compare with Pangasinan siopa.

Siapa itu?

Ini baju siapa?

Siapa nama kamu?

Nama budak tu siapa?

what (when enquiring about someone's name)


ku

کو (Jawi)
aku (alternative)
daku (alternative)

Shortened form of aku, from Proto-Malayic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

Kutahu.


yang mana

yg mana (alternative)
yg mn (alternative)
yg mane (alternative)

Baju yang mana mesti kupakai?


org

(Internet, text messaging) abbreviation of orang (“I; me; my”)


sape

pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling

(colloquial) pronunciation spelling of siapa


kau

Shortened form of engkau, from Proto-Malayic *kau, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kahu, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kaSu.


Beta

A pronoun which is used by Malay royal sovereigns to refer to themselves.


bila

Indonesian: bila

Bila kau pergi sekolah?

Sampai bila kau nak meniru-niru jawapan orang lain?

Until when do you want to keep on copying other people's answers?


bila

Bila dia gelak, dia mesti tersenyum lebar.

When he laughs, he always has a wide smile.

(proscribed) alternative form of apabila


beberapa

any, some, several, certain, few, various, divers


beberapa

Indonesian: beberapa


sini

First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD.


aq

Aq nk gi mkn.

(Internet slang, text messaging) abbreviation of aku


apakah

Apakah nama buku yang kita baca malam semalam?

What is the name of the book that we read last night?

Apakah tujuan Ikmal sebenarnya?

2003, Nor Arlisa Irena Abu Bakar, Penulis buku politik Kelantan tiada agenda:

Interrogative pronoun used to inquire something about a certain thing; what.

Apakah kita tidak mampu berdikari lagi?

Is it the case that we can't stand by ourselves anymore?

Apakah akhirnya dia akan kembali pada tanah?

Is it that he will finally return to land?

Interrogative pronoun used to inquire about the truth of a statement; "is it that", "is it the case that".


korg

Korg ada nak order pape?

korg ni kenapa bebal sgt makan apa korg ni

What did y'all ate for y'all to be this dumb

Harap ini membantu korg byeee.

2024 June 15, 🌈cherrybloom🌈, Lemon8, archived from the original on 2025-05-20:

(Internet, text messaging) alternative form of korang


kome

Synonym(s): kamu semua, korang, lu orang


kapan

> Indonesian: kapan (inherited)

From Javanese ꦏꦥꦤ꧀ (kapan), from Old Javanese kapan.


kalian

Clipping of sekalian, equivalent to se- + kali + -an.

Kalian tengah buat apa sekarang?


saudara

ms-noun

saudara (Jawi spelling ساودارا, plural saudara-saudara)

From Sanskrit सोदर (sodara, “brother from the same womb”), सउदर (saüdara), स (sa, “having the same”) + उदर (udara, “uterus”); or Sanskrit सहोदर (sahodara).


saudara

ساودارا (Jawi)


-nya

-ڽا (Jawi)
-nye (alternative pronunciation-spelling)
-nyo (alternative pronunciation-spelling)

Indonesian: -nya

→ Petjo: -nja

From Proto-Malayic *ña, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ni-a, from Proto-Austronesian *ni-a. Compare Tagalog niya.

ibunya

Third person singular oblique enclitic pronoun.

Aku memeluknya.

Kami belum memberitahunya tentang ini.

Aku pinjam pensel ini daripadanya.

As an object of a preposition, with the exception for 'di', 'ke', and sometimes 'dalam' (see the usage notes below).

Bangunannya lawa.

(in some contexts and positions only) Used to mark definiteness.

bukunya aku

abangnya Dani

Used to mark possessive, especially in some context where it needs to be clear.


saudari

ساوداري (Jawi)


awak

ms-noun

awak (Jawi spelling اوق, plural awak-awak)

From Proto-Malayic *awak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hawak, from Proto-Austronesian *Sawak (“waist”).

perawakan [causative passive + resultative

(usually in compounds) crew;
A person in a crew.


dikau

Variant of engkau, from Proto-Malayic *kau(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kahu, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kaSu.


tuanku

توانکو (Jawi)

Affixation of tuan + -ku. Literally, “my master/lord”.

Daulat tuanku!


-kau

Shortened form of engkau, from Proto-Malayic *kau(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kahu, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kaSu.

Mereka akan membawakau.

Dia akan tinggal dengankau.

Tanah ini ialah tanahkau.


sahaya

From Sanskrit सहाय (sahāya, “follower”).


saudara-saudari

saudara + saudari. Both saudara and saudari is from Sanskrit.


kita orang

Manado Malay: torang

North Moluccan Malay: torang

Papuan Malay: kitorang

Calque of Hokkien 我儂 /我侬 (góa-lâng, “we; us; our”, literally “me people”), in which kita is likely meant to be a first-person singular pronoun. Compare dia orang and kau orang, and also the development of French on (“we, person”).

calque

kitorang (alternative)
torang (alternative)


dia orang

Calque of Hokkien 伊儂 /伊侬 (i-lâng, “they; them; their”, literally “he/she people”). Originally Baba Malay. Compare kita orang and kau orang.

diorang (alternative)
dorang (alternative)


kau orang

Calque of Hokkien 汝儂 /汝侬 (lú-lâng, “you (plural)”, literally “you people”). Compare kita orang and dia orang.


engkau orang

head

engkau orang (colloquial, incorrect usage for kalian)

Direct translation from Chinese 你们 (nǐmen) (you (plural)).


kau-

From kau, shortened form of engkau, from Proto-Malayic *kau, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kahu, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kaSu.

Siapa yang kautanya?

Alternative form of kau when used in the passive voice.


manira

Indonesian: manira

Borrowed from Javanese ꦩꦤꦶꦫ (manira, “first person pronoun”).


ingsun

ايڠسون (Jawi)


pacal

Indonesian: pacal


kawula

Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula), from Old Javanese kawula (“servant, follower, subject”).


apa-apa

Aku boleh makan apa-apa yang kau berikan kepadaku.

anything; whatever (any thing of any kind)


siapa-siapa

Senyum kepada siapa-siapa yang kamu jumpai.


sesiapa

سسياڤا (Jawi)

Sesiapa yang pergi ke tandas tanpa kebenaran cikgu akan dikenakan tindakan disiplin.

Whoever goes to the toilet without the teacher's permission will be given a punishment.

Senyum kepada sesiapa yang kamu jumpai.


korunk

korunk cakap pew nie?

2023 February 23, seiferalmercy, lowyat.net, archived from the original on 2025-05-20:

(Internet slang, text messaging, rare) eye dialect spelling of korang


baginda

بݢيندا (Jawi)

From Court Malay, Sanskrit भाग्य (bhāgya).

(Palace Malay) he, she (exclusive use in royalty)


diorang

Dan apa bila diorang soedah melihat bintang itoe, maka soekalah ija dengan kasoekaän yang amat besar.

1816, Indjil jang tersoerat oleh Mataj [Gospel of Matthew], FASAL JANG KA II, page 5:

And when they saw the star, they rejoiced with exceeding great joy.


barang siapa

بارڠ سياڤا (Jawi)

[bäräŋ sʲäpə]

Barang siapa yang memakan donat sudah pasti akan melompat pada hari Ahad.

Whoever eats donuts will surely jump on Sunday.


korang

korg (alternative Internet)
korunk (alternative pronunciation-spelling)

Maksudnya korang dah boleh set date untuk bagitahu korang nak break.

2015, Skuad Terfaktab, Kitab Terfaktab: Konotasi Rasa: Kitab Terfaktab, Terfaktab Media, →ISBN:

What this means is that you can now set a date to say that you want a break.


Yang Berhormat

yang (“your”) + berhormat (“honourable”)


adakah

Adakah dia selamat?

Is he safe? (lit. "Is it the case that he is safe?")

Question pronoun used to inquire about the truth of a statement; "is it the case that".


sekalian

Sekalian sedang membuat apa?


awak semua

اوق سموا (Jawi)

Compound of awak (“you (singular)”) + semua (“all”).


kaola

Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula, “I”, literally “citizen, subject; servant”), from Old Javanese kawula (“servant, follower, subject”).

bor+

(Bahasa Dalam Brunei) the first person personal pronoun for

the Raja Isteri when addressing the Royal Family, Wazir-Wazir, Cheteria-Cheteria and Pengiran Pengiran Berteras;

the Royal Family, Wazir-Wazir, Cheteria-Cheteria, Pengiran-Pengiran, Pehin-Pehin Manteri and the common people when addressing the Pehin-Pehin Manteri

the common women when addressing the Cheteria-Cheteria and Pengiran-Pengiran;

the Female Pengiran-Pengiran when addressing the Royal Family, Wazir-Wazir, Cheteria-Cheteria and Pengiran-Pengiran.


uolls

Borrowed from English y'all, and English you all.

uoll (alternative apocopic)
uols (alternative)

(Malaysia, Internet slang, text messaging, chiefly women's speech) y'all


iolls

A play on word of Malay uolls, which is borrowed from English y'all.

ioll (alternative apocopic)
iols (alternative)

(Malaysia, Internet slang, text messaging, chiefly women's speech) I, me, my


kamu semua

کامو سموا (Jawi)

Compound of kamu (“you”) + semua (“all”). Literally, “you all”.