you

you (second person, singular or plural, nominative or objective, possessive determiner your, possessive pronoun yours, singular reflexive yourself, plural reflexive yourselves)

en-pron

your (determiner possessive)
yours (possessive pronoun without-noun)
yourself (reflexive singular)
yourselves (plural reflexive)

Belizean Creole: yu

Bislama: yu

Cameroon Pidgin: you

Jamaican Creole: yuh

Nigerian Pidgin: yu

Sranan Tongo: yu

Tok Pisin: yu

Torres Strait Creole: yu

From Middle English you, yow, ȝow (object case of ye), from Old English ēow (“you”, dative case of ġē), from Proto-Germanic *iwwiz (“you”, dative case of *jīz), Western form of *izwiz (“you”, dative case of *jūz), from Proto-Indo-European *yūs (“you”, plural), *yū́.
Cognate with Scots you (“you”), Saterland Frisian jou (“you”), West Frisian jo (“you”), Low German jo, joe and oe (“you”), Dutch jou and u (“you”), Middle High German eu, iu (“you”, object pronoun), Latin vōs (“you”), Avestan 𐬬𐬋 (vō, “you”), Ashkun yë̃́ (“you”), Kamkata-viri šó (“you”), Sanskrit यूयम् (yūyám, “you”)
See usage notes. Ye, you and your are cognate with Dutch jij/je, jou, jouw; Low German ji, jo/ju, jug and German ihr, euch and euer respectively. Ye is also cognate with Danish I and archaic Swedish I.

inh

dative case of <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">ġē</i>

der

dative case of <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*jīz</i>

julle

object pronoun: the group being addressed

(familiar in Portugal, archaic in Brazil) vos (without prepositions) convosco (attached to the preposition "com")

(after preposition "a":) (familiar in Spain, archaic in Latin America) vosotros m

mo

object pronoun: the person being addressed

contigo (familiar, attached to the preposition "com")

(polite in Portugal, general in most of Brazil) você (polite in Portugal, general in most of Brazil, with or without prepositions)

a f (without prepositions) consigo (attached to the preposition "com"; only used with this meaning in Portugal)

шәара

subject pronoun: the group being addressed

(usually indicated by the suffix only) (informal) -tok

貴方達

(generic) (discourteous if used for a superior)

너희

generic, discourteous if used for a superior

vós

archaic or poetic outside rural northern Portugal

with the widespread use of kinship terms as pronouns

y'all

subject pronoun: persons spoken/written to; plural

thee

object pronoun: person spoken/written to

ye

object pronoun: persons spoken/written to

you kiss your grandfather with that mouth

:Category:English second person pronouns

If I may counsaile you, some day or two / Your Highnesse shall repose you at the Tower [...].

c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):

And Lot went out, and spake unto his sons in law, which married his daughters, and said, Up, get you out of this place; for the Lord will destroy this city.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis XIX::

'Draw near, and wash you in the living flames, and take their virtue into your poor frames in all its virgin strength[.]'

1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

‘Pull you up a chair,’ she offered.

You'd better get you a gun and kill him before he kills you or somebody.

(reflexive pronoun, now US colloquial) (To) yourselves, (to) yourself.

I charge you, as ye woll have my love, that ye warne your kynnesmen that ye woll beare that day the slyve of golde uppon your helmet.

c. 1485, Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur, Book VIII:

(object pronoun) The person spoken to or written to, as an object. (Replacing thee; originally as a mark of respect.)

You are all supposed to do as I tell you.

Are you excited? ― Yes, I am excited!
Audio (US): (file)

2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)

(subject pronoun) The people spoken to or written to, as a subject. (Replacing ye.)

You are right, Fanny, to protest against such an office, but you need not be afraid.

1814 May 9, [Jane Austen], chapter IX, in Mansfield Park: […], volume II, London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 208:

(subject pronoun) The person spoken to or written to, as a subject. (Originally as a mark of respect.)

уара

subject pronoun: the person being addressed

(usually indicated by the suffix only) (informal) -sz

yer

subject pronoun: person spoken/written to

plus the alternative forms listed above and at Appendix:English personal pronouns

You can't choose your family, your lovers are difficult and volatile, but, oh, you can choose your friends - so doesn't it make much more sense to live and holiday with them instead?

(indefinite personal pronoun) Anyone, one; an unspecified individual or group of individuals (as subject or object).

kina

indicative mood used instead of interrogative mood


you

‘Eff. You. En,’ said Mr Banstead. ‘Fun![…]’

1969, Michael Feld, The Sabbatical Year, London: Alan Ross Ltd, page 301:

It said, in a whispering, buzzing voice, "Gee-you-ess-ess-ay-dash-em-ee-ar-ar-wye-dash-em-eye-en-gee-oh-dash-pee-eye-pee-dash-pee-ee-ar-ar-wye-dash-pee-eye-en-gee-oh."

2004, Will Rogers, The Stonking Steps, page 170:

‘S-S-C…sitting on a tree…eff-you-cee-kay-i-en-ji.’

2019, Anand Ranganathan, Chitra Subramaniam, The Rat Eater, Bloomsbury India, →ISBN:

The name of the Latin-script letter U/u.


you

thou, thee, 2nd person singular subject and object personal pronoun


whether

From Middle English whether, whather, from Old English hweþer, hwæþer, from Proto-West Germanic *hwaþar, from Proto-Germanic *hwaþeraz, comparative form of *hwaz (“who”). Cognate with German weder (“neither”), Swedish var, Icelandic hvor (“each of two, which of two”).

cog

He chose the correct answer, but whether by luck or by skill I don't know.

As a political system democracy seems to me extraordinarily foolish,[…]. My servant is, so far as I am concerned, welcome to as many votes as he can get.[…]I do not suppose that it matters much in reality whether laws are made by dukes or cornerboys, but I like, as far as possible, to associate with gentlemen in private life.

1915, G[eorge] A. Birmingham [pseudonym; James Owen Hannay], chapter I, in Gossamer, New York, N.Y.: George H. Doran Company, →OCLC:

The incident immediately revived the debate about goal-line technology, with a final decision on whether it is introduced expected to be taken in Zurich on 5 July.

2012 June 19, Phil McNulty, “England 1–0 Ukraine”, in BBC Sport:

Whether modern, industrial man is less or more warlike than his hunter-gatherer ancestors is impossible to determine. The machine gun is so much more lethal than the bow and arrow that comparisons are meaningless. One thing that is true, though, is that murder rates have fallen over the centuries, as policing has spread and the routine carrying of weapons has diminished.

2013 July 20, “Old soldiers?”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:

Indicates doubt between possibilities (usually with correlative or).

Do you know whether he's coming?

Without a correlative, introduces a simple indirect question.

ли

placed after the first word in the sentence or phrase

He's coming, whether you like it or not.

Whether or not you're successful, you can be sure you did your best.

The years have gone by and still we know not whether or no Mallory and Irvine reached the summit. But the will to climb Mount Everest is still alive.

1931 April, Francis Younghusband, “Preface”, in The Epic of Mount Everest, London: Edward Arnold & Co., →OCLC, →OL, page 5:

Introduces a disjunctive adverbial clause qualifying the main clause (with correlative or).

是否

introducing adverbial clause; no matter whether or not

whether ys it easyer to saye to the sicke of the palsey, thy synnes ar forgeven the: or to saye, aryse, take uppe thy beed and walke?

1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Mark ij:[9]:

Whether hadst thou rather be a Faulconbridge, [...] Or the reputed sonne of Cordelion?

c. 1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Iohn”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:

(obsolete) Introduces a direct question between alternatives (often with correlative or).


which

From Middle English which, hwic, wilche, hwilch, whilk, hwilc, from Old English hwelċ (“which”), from Proto-Germanic *hwilīkaz (“what kind”, literally “like what”), derived from *hwaz, equivalent to who + like. Cognates include Scots whilk (“which”), West Frisian hokker (“which”), Dutch welk (“which”), Low German welk (“which”), German welcher (“which”), Danish hvilken (“which”), Swedish vilken (“which”), Norwegian hvilken (“which”), Icelandic hvílíkur (“which”).

inh

Flour contains starch, which is a type of carbohydrate.

I found my camera, which I thought I'd lost, under the bed.

I entered the room, at the far end of which was a small table.

Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke.[…]A silver snaffle on a heavy leather watch guard which connected the pockets of his corduroy waistcoat, together with a huge gold stirrup in his Ascot tie, sufficiently proclaimed his tastes.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter II, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

There was a neat hat-and-umbrella stand, and the stranger's weary feet fell soft on a good, serviceable dark-red drugget, which matched in colour the flock-paper on the walls.

1913, Mrs. [Marie] Belloc Lowndes, chapter II, in The Lodger, London: Methuen, →OCLC; republished in Novels of Mystery: The Lodger; The Story of Ivy; What Really Happened, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green and Co., […], [1933], →OCLC, page 0091:

Many genes with reproductive roles also have antibacterial and immune functions, which indicate that the threat of microbial attack on the sperm or egg may be a major influence on rapid evolution during reproduction.

2013 May-June, Katrina G. Claw, “Rapid Evolution in Eggs and Sperm”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3:

non-restrictive relative clause
non-restrictive relative clause#English

(relative) In a non-restrictive relative clause, referring to something previously mentioned.

She had a young child, which cried incessantly.

(chiefly archaic) Used of people (now generally who, whom, that; which remains possible with words also referred to by it such as baby, child).

The front door was open, which concerned me.

He had to leave, which was very difficult.

She saved my life, for which I am eternally grateful.

Plastics are energy-rich substances, which is why many of them burn so readily. Any organism that could unlock and use that energy would do well in the Anthropocene. Terrestrial bacteria and fungi which can manage this trick are already familiar to experts in the field.

2013 July 20, “Welcome to the plastisphere”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:

This is the letter which I received.

This is the letter in which he explains his decision.

Forasmuch as many have taken in hand to set forth in order a declaration of those things which are most surely believed among us...

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Luke 1:1:

restrictive relative clause
restrictive relative clause#English

(relative, sometimes proscribed, see usage notes) In a restrictive relative clause, referring to a noun previously mentioned.

The men which acompanyed him on his waye stode amased, for they herde a voyce, butt sawe no man.

1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Acts:


aku

Inherited from Malay aku, from Proto-Malayic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

Pagi ini aku makan ikan.

Dia mengajak aku berjalan-jalan di taman.

He invited me to take a walk in the park.

Kucing aku sedang tidur.

(casual or informal) First person singular pronoun: I, me, my

poetic.Notes:This table only shows some personal pronouns that are commonly used in the standard language.The second person pronouns is avoided when speaking politely in casual contexts

older.Not including the clitic pronouns.See Appendix:Indonesian personal pronouns for more information.


aku

From Proto-Polynesian *qa-ku. Cognates include Maori āku.


ben

head

ben (definite accusative beni, plural biz)

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish بَنْ (ban /ben/, “I”), from Old Anatolian Turkish بن (/bän/, “I”), from Common Turkic *bän (“I”), from Proto-Turkic *ben- (“me”), oblique of *be (“I”).
Cognate with Azerbaijani mən, Turkmen men; Uzbek men, Uyghur مەن (men), Karakhanid مَنْ (man /män/, “I”); Crimean Tatar men, Armeno-Kipchak մեն (men), Tatar мин (min), Bashkir мин (min), Kazakh мен (men), Kyrgyz мен (men); Old Turkic 𐰋𐰤 (b²n² /bän/, “I”), 𐰢𐰤 (mn² /män/); Chuvash эпӗ (ep̬ĕ); etc.
Possibly related to Mongolian ᠪᠢ (bi, “I”) / би (bi), Evenki бӣ (bī), Manchu ᠪᡳ (bi, “I”).


sama

sama (nominative singular)
samat (nominative plural)
saman (genitive singular)
samojen (genitive plural)
samaa (partitive singular)
samoja (partitive plural)
sama (accusative singular)
saman (accusative singular)
samat (accusative plural)
samassa (inessive singular)
samoissa (inessive plural)
samasta (elative singular)
samoista (elative plural)
samaten (causative singular)
samaan (illative singular)
samoihin (illative plural)
samalla (adessive singular)
samoilla (adessive plural)
samalta (ablative singular)
samoilta (ablative plural)
samalle (allative singular)
samoille (allative plural)
samana (essive singular)
samoina (essive plural)
samaksi (singular translative)
samoiksi (plural translative)
samatta (abessive singular)
samoitta (abessive plural)
samoin (instructive plural)
samoine (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *sama (compare Estonian sama, Karelian sama, Votic sama), borrowed from Proto-Germanic *samaz (compare Swedish samma, English same; also borrowed into Sami, compare Northern Sami seamma).

saman verran

samaa alkuperää

samaan aikaan

samalla kertaa

Sama tapaus on ollut esillä aikaisemmin.

The same case has been brought up before.

Sama jatkuu edelleen.

Näemme taas huomenna samaan aikaan.

Se on pysynyt samana.

Tilaan samaa kuin sinäkin.

Samaa se on kaikkialla.

Se on minulle aivan sama.

It doesn't matter to me at all. (literally, “It's the completely same to me.”)


they

head

they (third-person, nominative case, usually plural, sometimes singular, objective case them, possessive their, possessive noun theirs, reflexive themselves, or reflexive singular themself)

en-pron

them (objective)
their (possessive)
theirs (noun possessive)
themselves (reflexive)
themself (reflexive singular)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *tóy
Proto-Germanic *þai
Proto-Norse *ᚦᚨᛁᛉ (*þaiʀ)
Old Norse þeirbor.
Middle English þei
English they From Middle English þei, borrowed in the 1200s from Old Norse þeir, plural of the demonstrative sá which acted as a plural pronoun. Displaced native Middle English he from Old English hīe — which vowel changes had left indistinct from he (“he”) — by the 1400s, being readily incorporated alongside native words beginning with the same sound (the, that, this). Used as a singular pronoun since 1300, e.g. in the 1325 Cursor Mundi.
The Norse term (whence also Icelandic þeir (“they”), Faroese teir (“they”), Danish de (“they”), Swedish de (“they”), Norwegian Nynorsk dei (“they”)) is from Proto-Germanic *þai (“those”) (from Proto-Indo-European *to- (“that”)), whence also Old English þā (“those”) (whence obsolete English tho), Scots thae, thai, thay (“they; those”).
The origin of the determiner they (“the, those”) is unclear. The OED, English Dialect Dictionary and Middle English Dictionary define it and its Middle English predecessor thei as a demonstrative determiner or adjective meaning "those" or "the". This could be a continuation of the use of the English pronoun they's Old Norse etymon þeir as a demonstrative meaning "those", but the OED and EDD say it is limited to southern, especially southwestern, England, specifically outside the region of Norse contact.

etymon

it doesn't matter what they say about you as long as they spell your name right

other attested third-person singular pronouns

They say it’s a good place to live.

They didn’t have computers in the old days.

Always get a second source, they tell us in investigative lexicography;[…]

1986 February 16, William Safire, “On Language; Moon Of My Delight”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-24, Section 6 / Magazine, page 10:

I am beautiful, no matter what they say

2002, Linda Perry (lyrics and music), “Beautiful”, in Stripped, performed by Christina Aguilera:

(indefinite pronoun, vague meaning) People; some people; people in general; someone, excluding the speaker.


so

From Middle High German sō, from Old High German sō, from Proto-West Germanic *swā, from Proto-Germanic *swa, *swē, compare with Old Dutch so and Dutch zo.

Er rennt so schnell wie der Blitz.

as (followed by an adjective or adverb plus wie in a statement of equality)

Wirst du wieder gesund, so freue ich mich.

If you get healthy again, then I'll be happy.


so

Derhalben sind die Christen schuldig, der Obrigkeit unterthan […] zu seyn in Allem, so ohne Sünde geschehen mag.

That do the Christians owe: to be obedient to the authority […] in all that may be done without sin. (Augsburger Bekenntnis)


so

So, das sind die Entscheidungen der größten Gelehrten über die doch nicht ganz unwichtige Frage, wie eine der Sprachen auszusprechen sei, in der jahraus jahrein in Deutschland gutgezählte 50 000 junge Menschenkinder unterrichtet werden.
Trotz jenen Entscheidungen ist natürlich noch lange nicht daran zu denken, daß dem Unfug einer als gänzlich falsch erkannten Aussprache des Griechischen ein Ende gesetzt wäre. Der Schlendrian wird auf diesem Gebiete des Schulwesens wohl ebenso lange dauern, wie auf vielen andern; denn bequem ist allerdings jener Schlendrian, nur wissenschaftlich ist er nicht, und unbrauchbar für das Leben ist er obendrein. Die Beseitigung des Schlendrians werde ich wohl nicht mehr erleben, auch dann nicht, wenn Plato selber aus der Asche auferstünde und die deutschen Schulmänner die richtige Aussprache lehrte. Sie würden ihm beweisen, daß er sich irre: er habe in den mehr als zwei Jahrtausenden seit seinem Tode gewiß die richtige Aussprache vergessen; sie aber, die deutschen Oberlehrer und Direktoren, kennten sie ganz genau: sie wäre buchstäblich so wie das Neuhochdeutsche des 20. Jahrhunderts gewesen.

1887, Eduard Engel, Griechische Frühlingstage, 4th, purer edition, Radebeul bei Dresden: Haupt & Hammon, published 1927, page 361:

So these are the reckonings of the greatest scholars about the not quite insignificant question how one of the languages which is taught to about 50 000 young lads per annum should be pronounced.
In spite of these reckonings by far it is not to think that this buffoonery of an utterly wrong pronunciation of Greek would come to an end. The litherness in this field of schooling will last as long as in many others; for convenient it is forsooth, but scientific it is not, and devoid of use for life ’tis on top. The elimination of this litherness I will not be an observer of in my lifetime, even if Plato himself were to rise from his ashes and teach the pedants the right pronunciation. They would shew him his being at fault: he surely has forgot the right pronunciation; but them, the senior and head teachers know it very well; it would be literally like the New High German of the 20th century.

discourse marker
discourse marker#English

(colloquial) a discourse marker in the beginning of a sentence indicating a topic having been dealt with and another being tackled


ber

Inherited from Middle High German wer, from Old High German wer, from Proto-West Germanic *hwaʀ, from Proto-Germanic *hwaz. Cognate with German wer, English who.

Bobrall du geast, gedenkhte ber du pist.


all

From Middle English all, from Old English eall, from Proto-West Germanic *all, from Proto-Germanic *allaz, of uncertain origin but perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“beyond, other”). Cognate with West Frisian al (“all”), Dutch al (“all”), Scots a' (“all”), German all (“all”), Swedish all (“all”), Norwegian all (“all”), Icelandic allur (“all”), Welsh holl (“all”), Irish uile (“all”), Lithuanian aliái (“all, each, every”).
The dialectal sense “all gone” is a calque of German alle. The use in who all, where all etc. also has equivalents in German (see alles).

der

The store is open all day and all night. (= through the whole of the day and the whole of the night.)

I’ve been working on this all year. (= from the beginning of the year until now.)

Throughout the whole of (a stated period of time; generally used with units of a day or longer).

ամբողջ

throughout the whole of (a stated period of time)


she

head

she (third-person singular, feminine, nominative case, oblique and possessive her, possessive hers, reflexive herself)

en-pron

her (oblique possessive)
hers (possessive)
herself (reflexive)

Inherited from Middle English sche, scho, hyo, ȝho (“she”), whence also Yorkshire dialectal shoo (“she”), Scots she, sho (“she”).
Probably from Old English hēo (whence dialectal English hoo), with an irregular change in stress from hēo to heō /hjoː/, then a development from /hj-/ to /ç/ to /ʃ-/, similar to the derivation of Shetland from Old Norse Hjaltland. In this case, she is from Proto-West Germanic *hiju, from Proto-Germanic *hijō f (“this, this one”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱe-, *ḱey- (“this, here”), and is cognate with Saterland Frisian jo, ju, West Frisian hja, North Frisian jü, Danish hun, Swedish hon; more at he.
A derivation from Old English sēo (“the or that", occasionally "she”) is also possible, though less likely. In that case, sēo would have undergone a change in stress from sēo to seō /sjoː/, then a change from /sj-/ to /ʃ-/, similar to the derivation of sure from Old French seur. It would then be cognate to Dutch zij and German sie.
Neither etymology would be expected to yield the modern vocalism in /iː/ (the expected form would be shoo, which is in fact found dialectally). It may be due to influence from he, but both hēo and sēo also have rare variants (hīe and sīe) that may give modern English /iː/.

cog

not used in Dyirbal (Dyirbal has no third-person pronoun)

es (in reference to some neuter common nouns like Mädchen)

(subject pronouns usually omitted, or a demonstrative is used: medial, proximal, and distal:) αὕτη f (haútē)

(usually indicated by the zero suffix only) -∅

I asked Mary, but she said that she didn't know.

After the cat killed a mouse, she left it on our doorstep.

Goodly she entertaind those noble knights, / And brought them vp into her castle hall […]

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto IX”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

The mother, Ekaterina Pavlovna, who at one time had been handsome, but now, asthmatic, depressed, vague, and over-feeble for her years, tried to entertain me with conversation about painting. Having heard from her daughter that I might come to Shelkovka, she had hurriedly recalled two or three of my landscapes which she had seen in exhibitions in Moscow, and now asked what I meant to express by them.

1917, Anton Chekhov, translated by Constance Garnett, The Darling and Other Stories, Project Gutenberg, published 9 September 2004, →ISBN, page 71:

(personal) The female (typically) person or animal previously mentioned or implied.

Optimal experience is thus something that we make happen. For a child, it could be placing with trembling fingers the last block on a tower she has built, higher than any she has built so far; for a swimmer, it could be trying to beat his own record; for a violinist, mastering an intricate musical passage.

(personal, nonstandard) A person whose gender is unknown or irrelevant (used in a work, along with or in place of he, as an indefinite pronoun).


she

(African-American Vernacular) Synonym of her


she

Pat is definitely a she.

Come, come, we know very well what all the matter is; but if one won’t, another will; so pretty a gentleman need never want a lady. I am sure, if I was you, I would see the finest she that ever wore a head hanged, before I would go for a soldier for her.

1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC:

And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare / As any she belied with false compare.

1609, William Shakespeare, “Sonnet 130”, in Shake-speares Sonnets. […], London: By G[eorge] Eld for T[homas] T[horpe] and are to be sold by William Aspley, →OCLC:

he came home to find […] honest Swartz in her favourite amber-coloured satin, with turquoise bracelets, countless rings, flowers, feathers, and all sorts of tags and gimcracks, about as elegantly decorated as a she chimney-sweep on May-day.

1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC:

Plucked her eyebrows on the way / Shaved her legs and then he was a she

1972, Lou Reed (lyrics and music), “Walk on the Wild Side”, in Transformer:

A world where the hes are so much more common than the shes can hardly be seen as a welcoming place for women.

2000, Sue V. Rosser, Building inclusive science volume 28, issues 1–2, page 189


ourself

head

ourself (first person, singular reflexive of we)

From Middle English oure-selfe; equivalent to our + -self.

In the present study, we will limit ourself to the simplest of cases.

Without in any way committing ourself upon this point, we have merely to observe, that we are ready to receive sealed offers containing a full specification of age, temper, appearance, and condition[…]

1838, Charles Dickens, Sketches of Young Gentlemen:

He then offered to guide us down to see for ourself, but one look down that dark hole to the water about 60 feet below completely dampened our speluncean ardor.

1962, Princeton Alumni Weekly, volume 63, page 24:

(reflexive pronoun) The reflexive of the royal or editorial we: myself (as used by a monarch, writer or speaker who is referring to themself as we).

We should love our neighbor as ourself.

(reflexive pronoun) The reflexive of the generic we: oneself.


met

mie (nominative singular)
met (nominative plural)
minun (genitive singular)
meiđän (genitive plural)
meän (genitive plural)
minnuu (partitive singular)
minua (partitive singular)
meitä (partitive plural)
minun (accusative singular)
meiđät (accusative plural)
meät (accusative plural)
minhuun (illative singular)
meihin (illative plural)
minussa (inessive singular)
meissä (inessive plural)
minusta (elative singular)
meistä (elative plural)
minule (allative singular)
minulet (allative singular)
mulle (allative singular)
mullet (allative singular)
meile (allative plural)
meilet (allative plural)
minula (adessive singular)
mulla (adessive singular)
meilä (adessive plural)
minulta (ablative singular)
multa (ablative singular)
meiltä (ablative plural)
minuna (singular translative)
meinä (plural translative)
minuksi (essive singular)
meiksi (essive plural)
minutta (abessive singular)
meittä (abessive plural)

From Finnish me, from Proto-Finnic *mek, from Proto-Uralic *me.


kita

From Malay kita (“we (inclusive)”), from Proto-Malayic *kita(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kita, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kita.

Kita so biking nga pe kopi ni.

Tadi ada orang mabo bage pa kita.

There was a drunk person who hit me earlier.

Dia ada simpang kita pe hape di depe tas.

(casual) First person singular pronoun: I, me, my

Notes:The short forms are mostly dependant.The second pronouns is avoided when speaking politely

older.See each entry for more information.


kita

From Proto-Polynesian *ki-ta. Cognates include Tongan kita and Samoan kita.


that

From Middle English that, from Old English þæt (“the, that”, neuter definite article and relative pronoun), from Proto-West Germanic *þat, from Proto-Germanic *þat. Cognate to Saterland Frisian dät, West Frisian dat, Dutch dat, Low German dat, German dass and das, Danish det, Swedish det, Icelandic það, Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌰 (þata). Further from Proto-Indo-European *tód; compare Ancient Greek τό (tó), Sanskrit तद् (tád), Waigali ta, Lithuanian taĩ, Polish to.

tuo

when pointed to or indicated by the speaker

se (when not pointed to or indicated by the speaker, for closer objects, in relative clauses or referring to what was said before)

is that what the kids are calling it these days

that accounts for the milk in the coconut

that and a dollar will get you a cup of coffee

that's for me to know and you to find out

that which doesn't kill you makes you stronger

that which has been seen cannot be unseen

the place that [= where or to which] I went last year

the last time that [= when] I went to Europe

(relative, colloquial) Used in place of relative adverbs such as where or when; often omitted.


that

As such, they do not have the ontological weight of "Being" and "Not-being," but serve simply as an explanatory vocabulary necessary to describe our world of thises and thats.

1998, David L. Hall, Roger T. Ames, Thinking from the Han, page 247:

(philosophy) Something being indicated that is there; one of those.


that

English: that

Scots: that

Yola: at, et, thet, that, th', y'at

From Old English þæt, þat, þet (“the, that”), from Proto-Germanic *þat.


that

English: that

Scots: that


that

English: that

Scots: that


that

English: that

Scots: that


that

thie (masculine nominative singular)
that (neuter nominative singular)
thia (feminine nominative singular)
thie (nominative plural)
then (accusative masculine singular)
that (accusative neuter singular)
thie (accusative feminine singular)
thie (accusative plural)
thes (genitive masculine singular)
thes (genitive neuter singular)
thero (feminine genitive singular)
there (genitive plural)
themo (dative masculine singular)
themo (dative neuter singular)
thero (dative feminine singular)
then (dative plural)
thiu (instrumental masculine neuter singular)

desctree

Middle Dutch: dat
Dutch: dat, het
Afrikaans: dat
Limburgish: det


ourselves

head

ourselves (first personal plural pronoun, reflexive case of we)

We should keep this for ourselves.

(reflexive pronoun) Us; the group including the speaker as the object of a verb or preposition when that group also is the subject.


he

Transliteration of various Semitic letters, such as Phoenician 𐤄 (h), Hebrew ה (h), Classical Syriac ܗ (h, “hē”), and Old South Arabian 𐩠 (h).

The name of the first letter of the Old South Arabian abjad.


he

hän (nominative singular)
he (nominative plural)
hänen (genitive singular)
heidän (genitive plural)
häntä (partitive singular)
heitä (partitive plural)
hänet (accusative singular)
heidät (accusative plural)
hänessä (inessive singular)
heissä (inessive plural)
hänestä (elative singular)
heistä (elative plural)
häneen (illative singular)
heihin (illative plural)
hänellä (adessive singular)
heillä (adessive plural)
häneltä (ablative singular)
heiltä (ablative plural)
hänelle (allative singular)
heille (allative plural)
hänenä (essive singular)
heinä (essive plural)
häneksi (singular translative)
heiksi (plural translative)
hänettä (abessive singular)
heittä (abessive plural)

Kven: het

From Proto-Finnic *hek, from Proto-Finno-Permic *sej. Cognates include Northern Sami sii, Erzya сынь (siń). The word is inflected as plural, but there is no plural marker in the nominative, except in dialects (het). See hän for more details on history of usage.

they (in indirect speech: referring to the subjects of the main clause, regardless of whether they are human beings or not, i.e. logophoric pronoun)


he

he (accusative him or hine, genitive his or hisen, possessive determiner his)

him (accusative)
hine (accusative)
his (genitive)
hisen (genitive)
his (determiner possessive)

English: he

Scots: he

Yola: hea, he, hey, hay

From Old English hē, from Proto-West Germanic *hiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *hiz (“this, this one”).

14th century, Chaucer, General Prologue

Benynge he was, and wonder diligent
Kind he was, and very diligent

Third-person singular masculine pronoun: he

(impersonal) Third-person singular impersonal pronoun: one; you


he

he (accusative hem or he, genitive heres or heren, possessive determiner here)

hem (accusative)
he (accusative)
heres (genitive)
heren (genitive)
here (determiner possessive)

Yola: hi, h'

Mani þusen hi drapen mid hungær.

p. 1154, “AD 1137”, in Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (MS. Laud Misc. 636, continuation), Peterborough, folio 89, verso; republished at Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 2018 February 8:

Many thousands they overcame with hunger.

Third-person plural nominative pronoun: they

Third-person plural accusative pronoun: them


itself

itself (the third person singular, neuter, personal pronoun, the reflexive form of it, masculine himself, feminine herself, gender-neutral themself, plural themselves)

en-pron

it (reflexive-of)
himself (masculine)
herself (feminine)
themself (gender-neutral)
themselves (plural)

From Middle English hit-self, equivalent to it + -self.

a house divided against itself cannot stand

The door closed by itself

(reflexive pronoun) it; A thing as the object of a verb or preposition that also appears as the subject


herself

head

herself (the third person singular, feminine, personal pronoun, the reflexive form of she, masculine himself, neuter itself, gender-neutral singular themself or themselves, plural themselves)

en-pron

she (reflexive-of)
himself (masculine)
itself (neuter)
themself (gender-neutral singular)
themselves (gender-neutral singular)
themselves (plural)

From Middle English. Equivalent to her + -self.

She injured herself.

This time was most dreadful for Lilian. Thrown on her own resources and almost penniless, she maintained herself and paid the rent of a wretched room near the hospital by working as a charwoman, sempstress, anything. In a moment she had dropped to the level of a casual labourer.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XVII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

(reflexive pronoun) Her; the female object of a verb or preposition that also appears as the subject.


ba

From Middle High German wā, from Old High German wār, hwār, from Proto-West Germanic *hwār, from Proto-Germanic *hwar (“where”). Cognate with German wo, English where.

dar faff ba de pridighet

(Sette Comuni, relative) that; which; who


ba

Ba pisto gabéest in gantzen tag?


ba

Ba khalt!

(Sette Comuni, attributive only) how (modifier used to express surprise, delight, etc.)


myself

From Middle English myself, meself, from Old English mē selfum and similar phrases, equivalent to me + self, later partly reinterpreted as my + self / -self. Cognate with Scots mysel, mysell (“myself”), West Frisian mysels (“myself”), Dutch mijzelf (“myself”), German mich selbst, mir selbst (“myself”), Norwegian Bokmål meg selv (“myself”).

I taught myself.

Thinks I to myself, “Sol, you're run off your course again. This is a rich man's summer ‘cottage’ and if you don't look out there's likely to be some nice, lively dog taking an interest in your underpinning.”

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

(reflexive pronoun) Me, as direct or indirect object the speaker as the object of a verb or preposition, when the speaker is also the subject.


themselves

head

themselves (third-person, reflexive of they)

same

masculine inanimate and all other genders

mateixos

the persons of unspecified gender previously mentioned, as the object of a verb or following a preposition

(reflexively):
They’ve hurt themselves.

(after a preposition):
They fought among themselves.

(for emphasis):
They are going to try climbing Mount Everest themselves.

The preposterous altruism too![…]Resist not evil. It is an insane immolation of self—as bad intrinsically as fakirs stabbing themselves or anchorites warping their spines in caves scarcely large enough for a fair-sized dog.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XVI, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

personal pronoun
personal pronoun#English

(reflexive pronoun) The reflexive case of they, the third-person plural personal pronoun. The group of people, animals, or objects previously mentioned, as the object of a verb or following a preposition (also used for emphasis).

сябе́

the reflexive case of they, the third-person plural personal pronoun

(reflexively):
Would whoever stole my phone please make themselves known.

(after a preposition):
I don't want anyone to fight among themselves.

(for emphasis):
Everyone must do it themselves.

Let nothing be done through strife or vainglory; but in lowliness of mind let each esteem other better than themselves.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Philippians 2:3:

In fact she was so busy doing all the things that anyone might, who finds themselves alone in an empty house, that she did not notice at first when it began to turn dusk and the rooms to grow dim.

1967, Barbara Sleigh, Jessamy, Sevenoaks, Kent: Bloomsbury, published 1993, →ISBN, page 18:

(reflexive pronoun) The reflexive case of they, the third-person singular personal pronoun. The single person previously mentioned, as the object of a verb or following a preposition (also used for emphasis).


thine

From Middle English thyn, þyn, from Old English þīn, from Proto-West Germanic *þīn, from Proto-Germanic *þīnaz. Cognate to German dein, Danish, Swedish and Norwegian din, Faroese tín and Icelandic þinn.

Thine oxe shall be slaine before thine eyes, and thou shalt not eat thereof: thine asse shall be violently taken away from before thy face, and shal not be restored to thee: thy sheepe shall bee giuen vnto thine enemies, and thou shalt haue none to rescue them.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Deuteronomy 28:31:

Thine alabaster cities gleam / Undimmed by human tears!

1895, “America the Beautiful”, Katharine Lee Bates (lyrics), Samuel A. Ward (music):

(archaic) Singular second person prevocalic possessive determiner (preconsonantal form: thy).


get

From Middle Dutch iewet, iet. The diphthong /ie̯/ developed into /je/ word-initially, as it did in High German, and the onset was then enclitically hardened to ⟨g⟩ (/ʝ/). Cognate with Dutch iets, Central Franconian jet, northern Luxembourgish jett, gett, English aught.

Doe has get höng.

(indefinite pronoun) Placed before a plural noun, indicating general cases of people or things: some


we

we (first-person plural nominative case, objective case us, possessive determiner our, possessive pronoun ours, reflexive ourselves, reflexive singular ourself)

us (objective)
our (determiner possessive)
ours (possessive pronoun without-noun)
ourselves (reflexive)
ourself (reflexive singular)

Jamaican Creole: wi

Sranan Tongo: wi

From Middle English we, from Old English wē (“we”), from Proto-West Germanic *wiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *wīz, *wiz (“we”), from Proto-Indo-European *wéy (“we (plural)”). Cognate with Scots wee, we (“we”), North Frisian we (“we”), West Frisian wy (“we”), Low German wi (“we”), Dutch we, wij (“we”), German wir (“we”), Danish, Swedish and Norwegian vi (“we”), Icelandic vér, við (“we”), Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬨 (vaēm), Sanskrit वयम् (vayám).

inh

the devil we know is better than the devil we don't know

the real treasure is the friends we made along the way

what a tangled web we weave when first we practice to deceive

what tangled webs we weave when first we practice to deceive

It’s time to overcome queasiness and restraint. We, the liberal and progressive people of the world, are at war with the far right to save the earth.

2017 February 20, Paul Mason, “Climate scepticism is a far-right badge of honour – even in sweltering Australia”, in the Guardian:

(personal) The speakers/writers, or the speaker/writer and at least one other person (not the person being addressed). (This is the exclusive we.)

awp

generic we (the speaker and at least one other person, regardless of whether it's the person being addressed)

我们

generic in most dialects, but exclusive in some

(usually indicated by the suffix only) -unk

kami

exclusive we (the speaker and at least one other person, but excluding the person(s) being addressed)

In light of the promulgation of the aforementioned laws and decisions, we (the administration) propose to make the following amendments to local legislation to implement the relevant requirements on oath taking by public officers.

2021, Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau, “Paper No. CMAB C4/9/1”, in Documents of the Hong Kong Legislative Council, page 1:

(personal) The institution which the speaker/writer is acting for. (This is the editorial we, used by writers and others when speaking with the authority of their publication or organisation.)

(personal, royal) The sovereign alone in their capacity as monarch. (This is the royal we. The reflexive case of this sense of we is ourself.)

نحن

the royal we (referring to the sovereign alone acting in their capacity as monarch)

Hey guys, how's it going? Today we are going to be playing a new game.

All Vice President [Mike] Pence has to do is send it back to the states to recertify and we become president and you are the happiest people.

2021 January 6, 3:38:03 from the start, in Rally on Electoral College Vote Certification (television broadcast), spoken by Donald Trump, Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network (C-SPAN):

[Today is] not a day to think about fishing so we will get back to working on the shelter. [cut in video] Cool, so I guess the best analogy for this, then, is that we've basically framed the house, and now we get to shingle.

2021 June 24, “Far from Home” (3:07 from the start), in Alone, season 9, episode 4 (televison production), spoken by Theresa Emmerich Kamper, via HISTORY Channel:

The elephant in the room, you know, we had a stroke back in May.

2022 October 25, 32:11 from the start, Vote 2022, in Joseph Camp, director, PBS NewsHour (television production), spoken by John Fetterman, via Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), archived from the original on 2022-10-25:

(colloquial) The speaker themselves, used to imply connection between the speaker's experiences and a group of listeners. (Compare the plural of modesty.)


we

We Canadians like to think of ourselves as different.

The speakers/writers, or the speaker/writer and at least one other person.


we

we, us 1st person plural subject and object personal pronoun


we

possessive determiner
possessive determiner#English

our, 1st person plural possessive determiner


we

ik (first-person personal pronoun singular stressed subjective)
'k (first-person personal pronoun singular subjective unstressed)
mij (first-person objective personal pronoun singular stressed)
me (first-person objective personal pronoun singular unstressed)
mijn (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular stressed)
m'n (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular unstressed)
mijne (first-person personal possessive predicative pronoun)
me (first-person personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive)
mijner (archaic first-person genitive personal predicative pronoun)
mijns (archaic first-person genitive personal predicative pronoun)
jij (personal pronoun second-person singular stressed subjective)
je (personal pronoun second-person singular subjective unstressed)
jou (objective personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
je (objective personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
jouw (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular stressed)
je (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
jouwe (personal possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
je (personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
jouwer (archaic genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
jouws (archaic genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
gij (archaic dialectal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed subjective)
ge (archaic dialectal personal pronoun second-person singular subjective unstressed)
u (archaic dialectal objective personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uw (archaic dialectal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uwe (archaic dialectal personal possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
u (archaic dialectal personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
uwer (archaic dialectal genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
uws (archaic dialectal genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
u (formal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed subjective)
u (formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uw (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uwe (formal personal possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
zich (formal personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
uwer (archaic formal genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
uws (archaic formal genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
hij (masculine personal pronoun singular stressed subjective third-person)
ie (masculine personal pronoun singular subjective third-person unstressed)
hem (masculine objective personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
'm (masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zijn (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular stressed third-person)
z'n (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zijne (masculine personal possessive predicative pronoun third-person)
zich (masculine personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive third-person)
zijner (archaic genitive masculine personal predicative pronoun third-person)
zijns (archaic genitive masculine personal predicative pronoun third-person)
zij (feminine personal pronoun singular stressed subjective third-person)
ze (feminine personal pronoun singular subjective third-person unstressed)
haar (feminine objective personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
h'r (feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
'r (feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
d'r (feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
haar (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular stressed third-person)
h'r (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
'r (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
d'r (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
hare (feminine personal possessive predicative pronoun third-person)
zich (feminine personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive third-person)
harer (archaic feminine genitive personal predicative pronoun third-person)
haars (archaic feminine genitive personal predicative pronoun third-person)
het (neuter personal pronoun singular stressed subjective third-person)
't (neuter personal pronoun singular subjective third-person unstressed)
het (neuter objective personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
't (neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zijn (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular stressed third-person)
z'n (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zijne (neuter personal possessive predicative pronoun third-person)
zich (neuter personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive third-person)
zijner (archaic genitive neuter personal predicative pronoun third-person)
zijns (archaic genitive neuter personal predicative pronoun third-person)
wij (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
we (first-person personal plural pronoun unstressed)
ons (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
onze (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
onze (first-person personal plural possessive predicative pronoun)
ons (first-person personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive)
onzer (archaic first-person genitive personal plural predicative pronoun)
onzes (archaic first-person genitive personal plural predicative pronoun)
jullie (personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
je (personal plural pronoun second-person unstressed)
je (personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
gij (archaic dialectal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
ge (archaic dialectal personal plural pronoun second-person unstressed)
u (archaic dialectal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uw (archaic dialectal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uwe (archaic dialectal personal plural possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
u (archaic dialectal personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
uwer (archaic dialectal genitive personal plural predicative pronoun second-person)
uws (archaic dialectal genitive personal plural predicative pronoun second-person)
u (formal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uw (formal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uwe (formal personal plural possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
zich (formal personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
uwer (archaic formal genitive personal plural predicative pronoun second-person)
uws (archaic formal genitive personal plural predicative pronoun second-person)
zij (personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
ze (personal plural pronoun third-person unstressed)
hen (personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
hun (personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
hunne (personal plural possessive predicative pronoun third-person)
zich (personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive third-person)
hunner (archaic genitive personal plural predicative pronoun third-person)
huns (archaic genitive personal plural predicative pronoun third-person)

Jersey Dutch: wê


we

head

we (accusative us, we, genitive oure, possessive determiner oures)

us (accusative)
we (accusative)
oure (genitive)
oures (determiner possessive)

desctree

English: we
Jamaican Creole: wi
Sranan Tongo: wi

Scots: we, oo

Yola: wough, wu, wee, we, w'

from Old English wē (“we”), from Proto-West Germanic *wiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *wīz, *wiz (“we”), from Proto-Indo-European *wéy (“we (plural)”). Compare wit (first person dual pronoun).

First-person plural accusative pronoun: us


we

Inherited from Middle English we, from Old English wē (“we”), from Proto-West Germanic *wiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *wīz, *wiz (“we”), from Proto-Indo-European *wéy (“we (plural)”). Cognate with English we.


who

head

who (singular or plural, nominative case, objective whom, who, possessive whose)

whom (objective)
who (objective)
whose (possessive)

From Middle English who, hwo, huo, wha, hwoa, hwa, from Old English hwā (dative hwām, genitive hwæs), from Proto-West Germanic *hwaʀ, from Proto-Germanic *hwaz, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷos, *kʷis.
The sound change /hw/ > /h/ (without a corresponding change in spelling) was due to wh-cluster reduction after an irregular change of /ɑː/ to /oː/ in Middle English (instead of the expected /ɔː/) and further to /uː/ regularly in Early Modern English. A similar change occurred in two. Compare how, which underwent wh-reduction earlier (in Old English), and thus is spelt with h.
Compare Scots wha, West Frisian wa, Dutch wie, Low German we, German wer, Swedish vem, Danish hvem, Norwegian Bokmål hvem, Norwegian Nynorsk kven, Icelandic hver.

谁

sûi, chûi, chūi, cho̍ah, chiâ, chôa, tiâng, siáng, siâng

啥物人

siáⁿ-mih-lâng, siáⁿ-mí-lâng, sáng-n̂g, siàng-n̂g

Who are the Miami Heat?

(informal, especially non-US) Also used with names of collective nouns that are groups of people, especially singularly-named musical groups or sports teams.


ye

From Old English ġē, from Proto-West Germanic *jiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́ (with the nominative ending added). Compare the second-person dual pronoun ȝit.

1511, Promptorium Parvulorum (de Worde), sig. M.iiiᵛ/2

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Address a single person by the use of the pronoun ye instead of thou.


ye

Inherited from Middle English ye, ȝe, from Old English ġē (“ye”), the nominative case of the second-person plural personal pronoun, from Proto-West Germanic *jiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *jīz, a North-West variant of Proto-Germanic *jūz (“ye”), from Proto-Indo-European *yūs, *yū́ (“ye”), plural of *túh₂.

you (2nd person singular and plural, nominative and accusative)


me

me (first-person singular pronoun, referring to the speaker)

en-pron

Bislama: mi

Jamaican Creole: mi

Nigerian Pidgin: mi

Pijin: mi

Sranan Tongo: mi

Ancient Greek language
Dutch language
German language
Icelandic language
Low German language
Me
Middle English language
North Frisian language
Sanskrit language
Saterland Frisian language
Scots language

From Middle English me, from Old English mē (“me”, originally dative, but later also accusative), from Proto-West Germanic *miʀ, from Proto-Germanic *miz (“me”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁me- (“me”).
Cognates
Cognate with Scots me (“me”), North Frisian me (“me”), Saterland Frisian mie (“me”), Dutch me, mij (“me”), Low German mi (“me”), German mir (“me”, dative), Icelandic mér (“me”, dative), Latin mē (“me”), Ancient Greek μέ (mé), ἐμέ (emé, “me”), Sanskrit मा (mā, “me”).

inh

And I awoke, and found me here.

1819, John Keats, La Belle Dame sans Merci:

The first-person singular, as the object (of a verb, preposition, etc).

(archaic, proscribed) Myself; as a reflexive direct object of a verb.

men

only when no other indication of being the object is given

When I get to college, I'm gonna get me a white Nissan Sentra.

(colloquial, proscribed) Myself; as a reflexive indirect object of a verb; the ethical dative.

minä

depending on the case, one of the inflictions of this word

Who's there? —Me.

Who did this? —Me. I did it. (≈ It was me. I did it.)

Used for the pronoun in isolation or in apposition.

“I should stick to Tarzan,” he [Johnny Weissmuller] explains. “You see, I’m no actor. Well, I didn’t have to act in ‘Tarzan, the Ape Man’—just said, ‘Me Tarzan, you Jane.’ I'll never be able to act.”

1932 June, Katherine Albert, “Hey! Hey! Here Comes Johnny”, in James R. Quirk, editor, Photoplay, volume XLII, number 1, Chicago, Ill.: Photoplay Publishing Company, page 119, column 2:

May opened the door, and a huge Indian walked into the room. “Me Bear Tracks,” he said. “Me hungry.”

1954 February 3, Mrs. John F. Underhill, “The Last Leaf; Chapter Three: Bear Tracks”, in Lawrence Maxwell, editor, Junior Guide, volume 2, number 5, Washington, D.C., page 7, column 2:

(nonstandard or proscribed) I, the first-person singular, as the subject.

(nonstandard, in apposition) Would be the subject of a copula in standard English, though the copula is omitted; used to indicate or imitate limited English fluency.


me

From mi (“third note of a major scale”) + -e (“flat”), from Glover's solmization, Italian mi in the solmization of Guido of Arezzo, from the first syllable of Latin mīra in the lyrics of the scale-ascending hymn Ut queant laxis by Paulus Deacon.

af

(music) The solfeggio syllable used to indicate the flat of the third note of a major scale.


me

From Latin me. Akin to Spanish me and French me.

First-person singular dative, accusative and prepositional pronoun; me

French language
Latin language
Spanish language

The contracted forms are used before verbs beginning with vowel sounds

In Ribagorçan the contracted form to' is used before third-person pronouns and the adverbial pronoun en

nusotros

The forms shown in the table are the most widespread ones. Some varieties use different forms

mos. Before third-person pronouns and the adverbial pronoun en the contracted form mo' is used.

el. The contracted form l' is used before verbs beginning with vowel sounds and 'l after pronouns ending in vowels and no.

els. These forms are contracted to 's and 'ls after pronouns ending in vowels and no.


me

From Proto-Brythonic *mi, from Proto-Celtic *mī, from Proto-Indo-European *me (“me”). Cognate to Welsh mi.


me

head

me (enclitic, contracted 'm, proclitic em, contracted proclitic m')

'm (contracted)
em (proclitic)
m' (contracted proclitic)
jo (first-person personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
mi (first-person personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
em (direct-object first-person objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
m’ (direct-object first-person objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-me (direct-object enclitic first-person objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’m (direct-object enclitic first-person objective personal pronoun singular weak)
em (first-person indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
m’ (first-person indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-me (enclitic first-person indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’m (enclitic first-person indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular weak)
meu (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
nós (first-person formal majestic personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
ens (direct-object first-person formal majestic objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-nos (direct-object enclitic first-person formal majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’ns (direct-object enclitic first-person formal majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
ens (first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-nos (enclitic first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’ns (enclitic first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
nostre (first-person formal majestic personal possessive pronoun singular)
tu (personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
et (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
t’ (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-te (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’t (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
et (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
t’ (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-te (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’t (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
teu (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
vós (formal personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
us (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-vos (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
-us (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
us (formal indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-vos (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
-us (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
vostre (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
vostè (formal personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
el (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
l’ (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-lo (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’l (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
li (formal indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-li (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
seu (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
ell (masculine personal pronoun singular strong subjective third-person)
el (direct-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
l’ (direct-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-lo (direct-object enclitic masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
’l (direct-object enclitic masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (indirect-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic indirect-object masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
ella (feminine personal pronoun singular strong subjective third-person)
la (direct-object feminine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
l’ (direct-object feminine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-la (direct-object enclitic feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (feminine indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic feminine indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
ho (direct-object neuter objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-ho (direct-object enclitic neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (indirect-object neuter objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic indirect-object neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
si (personal pronoun reflexive singular strong subjective third-person)
es (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
s’ (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
-se (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
’s (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
es (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
s’ (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
-se (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
’s (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
seu (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
nosaltres (first-person personal plural pronoun)
ens (first-person personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-nos (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
’ns (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
nostre (first-person personal plural pronoun)
vosaltres (personal plural pronoun second-person)
us (personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
-vos (enclitic personal plural pronoun second-person)
-us (enclitic personal plural pronoun second-person)
vostre (personal plural pronoun second-person)
vostès (formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
els (formal personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
-los (enclitic formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
’ls (enclitic formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
seu (formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
ells (masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
els (masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-los (enclitic masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
’ls (enclitic masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
seu (masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
elles (feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
les (feminine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-les (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
els (feminine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-los (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
’ls (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
seu (feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
si (personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
es (personal plural proclitic pronoun reflexive third-person)
s’ (personal plural proclitic pronoun reflexive third-person)
-se (enclitic personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
’s (enclitic personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
seu (personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
en (ablative genitive personal plural proclitic pronoun)
n’ (ablative genitive personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-ne (ablative enclitic genitive personal plural pronoun)
’n (ablative enclitic genitive personal plural pronoun)
hi (locative personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-hi (enclitic locative personal plural pronoun)

Inherited from Latin mē (accusative of ego).


me

Pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling


me

me (genitive)
meid (partitive)
mina (long-form nominative singular)
ma (nominative short-form singular)
meie (long-form nominative plural)
me (nominative plural short-form)
minu (genitive long-form singular)
mu (genitive short-form singular)
meie (genitive long-form plural)
me (genitive plural short-form)
mind (long-form partitive short-form singular)
meid (long-form partitive plural short-form)
minusse (illative long-form singular)
musse (illative short-form singular)
meisse (illative plural short-form)
minus (inessive long-form singular)
mus (inessive short-form singular)
meis (inessive plural short-form)
minust (elative long-form singular)
must (elative short-form singular)
meist (elative plural short-form)
minule (allative long-form singular)
mulle (allative short-form singular)
meile (allative plural short-form)
minul (adessive long-form singular)
mul (adessive short-form singular)
meil (adessive plural short-form)
minult (ablative long-form singular)
mult (ablative short-form singular)
meilt (ablative plural short-form)
minuks (long-form singular translative)
meieks (long-form plural translative)
meiks (plural short-form translative)
minuni (long-form singular terminative)
meieni (long-form plural terminative)
minuna (essive long-form singular)
meiena (essive long-form plural)
minuta (abessive long-form singular)
meieta (abessive long-form plural)
minuga (comitative long-form singular)
muga (comitative short-form singular)
meiega (comitative long-form plural)

Short form of meie, from Proto-Finnic *mek.


me

minä (nominative singular)
me (nominative plural)
minun (genitive singular)
meidän (genitive plural)
minua (partitive singular)
meitä (partitive plural)
minut (accusative singular)
meidät (accusative plural)
minussa (inessive singular)
meissä (inessive plural)
minusta (elative singular)
meistä (elative plural)
minuun (illative singular)
meihin (illative plural)
minulla (adessive singular)
meillä (adessive plural)
minulta (ablative singular)
meiltä (ablative plural)
minulle (allative singular)
meille (allative plural)
minuna (essive singular)
meinä (essive plural)
minuksi (singular translative)
meiksi (plural translative)
minutta (abessive singular)
meittä (abessive plural)

Kven: met

From Proto-Finnic *mek, from Proto-Uralic *me. The word is inflected as plural, but there is no plural marker in the nominative, except in dialects (met).

Me emme unohda.

Näin meidän kesken...

Mennäänkö meille?


me

Middle French language
Old French language

From Middle French me, from Old French me, from Latin mē (accusative of ego), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁me- (“me”). Northern dialects have preserved a form mi for the indirect object (also found in Old French in the Oaths of Strasbourg), from Latin mihi, dative singular of ego, through a Vulgar Latin *mi, whereas in standard French, it has merged into me.

3 Also used when a group has both men and women

4 Also used as third person plural reflexive

Est-ce que tu me vois ?

Émilien me donne un peu d’argent. ― Émilien gave some money to me.


me

English: me

Scots: me

Yola: mee, me

From Old English mē, from Proto-Indo-European. More at English me.


me

French: me

moy

first-person singular object and indirect object pronoun

me, first-person singular object pronoun

to me, first-person singular indirect object pronoun


me

Angloromani: me


me

Inherited from Middle English me, from Old English mē (“me”, originally dative, but later also accusative), from Proto-West Germanic *miʀ, from Proto-Germanic *miz (“me”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁me- (“me”).


me

mẹ̑ (canonical)
jàz (first-person nominative singular)
tí (nominative second-person singular)
méne (accusative first-person singular)
me (accusative first-person singular)
tébe (accusative second-person singular)
te (accusative second-person singular)
sébe (accusative reflexive singular)
se (accusative reflexive singular)
méne (first-person genitive singular)
me (first-person genitive singular)
tébe (genitive second-person singular)
te (genitive second-person singular)
sébe (genitive reflexive singular)
se (genitive reflexive singular)
méni (dative first-person singular)
mi (dative first-person singular)
tébi (dative second-person singular)
ti (dative second-person singular)
sébi (dative reflexive singular)
si (dative reflexive singular)
méni (first-person locative singular)
tébi (locative second-person singular)
sébi (locative reflexive singular)
menój (first-person instrumental singular)
máno (first-person instrumental singular)
tebój (instrumental second-person singular)
tábo (instrumental second-person singular)
sebój (instrumental reflexive singular)
sábo (instrumental reflexive singular)
mój (first-person possessive singular)
tvój (possessive second-person singular)
svój (possessive reflexive singular)
mídva m (dual first-person nominative)
médve (dual first-person nominative)
mídve f (dual first-person nominative)
n (dual first-person nominative)
vídva m (dual nominative second-person)
védve (dual nominative second-person)
vídve f (dual nominative second-person)
n (dual nominative second-person)
náju (accusative dual first-person)
váju (accusative dual second-person)
sébe (accusative dual reflexive)
se (accusative dual reflexive)
náju (dual first-person genitive)
váju (dual genitive second-person)
sébe (dual genitive reflexive)
se (dual genitive reflexive)
náma (dative dual first-person)
váma (dative dual second-person)
sébi (dative dual reflexive)
si (dative dual reflexive)
náju (dual first-person locative)
váju (dual locative second-person)
sébi (dual locative reflexive)
náma (dual first-person instrumental)
váma (dual instrumental second-person)
sebój (dual instrumental reflexive)
sábo (dual instrumental reflexive)
nájin (dual first-person possessive)
vájin (dual possessive second-person)
svój (dual possessive reflexive)
mí m (first-person nominative plural)
mé f (first-person nominative plural)
n (first-person nominative plural)
ví m (nominative plural second-person)
vé f (nominative plural second-person)
n (nominative plural second-person)
nàs (accusative first-person plural)
vàs (accusative plural second-person)
sébe (accusative plural reflexive)
se (accusative plural reflexive)
nàs (first-person genitive plural)
vàs (genitive plural second-person)
sébe (genitive plural reflexive)
se (genitive plural reflexive)
nàm (dative first-person plural)
vàm (dative plural second-person)
sébi (dative plural reflexive)
si (dative plural reflexive)
nàs (first-person locative plural)
vàs (locative plural second-person)
sébi (locative plural reflexive)
nàmi (first-person instrumental plural)
vàmi (instrumental plural second-person)
sebój (instrumental plural reflexive)
sábo (instrumental plural reflexive)
nàš (first-person plural possessive)
vàš (plural possessive second-person)
svój (plural possessive reflexive)

we (feminine and neuter plural, more than two)


er

ich (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
i (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
mich (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
mi (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
mir (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
mier (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
mer (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
min (first-person masculine personal possessive pronoun singular)
miin (first-person masculine personal possessive pronoun singular)
du (familiar nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
dich (accusative familiar personal pronoun second-person singular)
di (accusative familiar personal pronoun second-person singular)
dir (dative familiar personal pronoun second-person singular)
dier (dative familiar personal pronoun second-person singular)
din (familiar masculine personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
diin (familiar masculine personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
Si (accusative nominative personal polite pronoun second-person singular)
Ine (dative personal polite pronoun second-person singular)
Ene (dative personal polite pronoun second-person singular)
-ne (dative personal polite pronoun second-person singular)
Ire (masculine personal polite possessive pronoun second-person singular)
er (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
in (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
en (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
im (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
sin (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
siin (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
si (accusative feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
ire (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ire (feminine masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
es (accusative neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
's (accusative neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
-s (accusative neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
im (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
sin (masculine neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
siin (masculine neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
mir (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
mer (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
üs (accusative dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
öis (accusative dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
ois (accusative dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
eus (accusative dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
üse (first-person masculine personal plural possessive pronoun)
öise (first-person masculine personal plural possessive pronoun)
oise (first-person masculine personal plural possessive pronoun)
euse (first-person masculine personal plural possessive pronoun)
ir (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
ier (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
öi (accusative dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
eu (accusative dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
öie (masculine personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
eure (masculine personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
si (accusative nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
ine (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
ene (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
-ne (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
ire (masculine personal plural possessive pronoun third-person)

From Old High German er, from Proto-Germanic *iz. Cognate with German er.


er

From Middle High German er, from Old High German er (“he”). Cognate with German er.


er

i (first-person personal pronoun singular)
biar (first-person personal plural pronoun)
du (personal pronoun second-person singular)
iar (personal plural pronoun second-person)
er (personal pronoun singular third-person)
si (personal pronoun singular third-person)
'z (personal pronoun singular third-person)
se (personal plural pronoun third-person)

From Middle High German ër, from Old High German er, from Proto-West Germanic *iʀ (“he, it”), from Proto-Germanic *iz (“he, she, it, they”). Cognate with German er.


er

ich (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
du (nominative personal pronoun singular)
-e (nominative personal pronoun singular)
er (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
sie (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
-se (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
es (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
wir (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
ihr (nominative personal plural pronoun)
sie (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
-se (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
Sie (nominative personal pronoun)
Ihr (nominative personal pronoun)
meiner (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
mein (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
deiner (genitive personal pronoun singular)
dein (genitive personal pronoun singular)
seiner (genitive masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
sein (genitive masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ihrer (feminine genitive personal pronoun singular third-person)
seiner (genitive neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
sein (genitive neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
unser (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
euer (genitive personal plural pronoun)
ihrer (genitive personal plural pronoun third-person)
Ihrer (genitive personal pronoun)
Euer (genitive personal pronoun)
mir (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
dir (dative personal pronoun singular)
ihm (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ihr (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ihm (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
uns (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
euch (dative personal plural pronoun)
ihnen (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
Ihnen (dative personal pronoun)
Euch (dative personal pronoun)
mich (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
dich (accusative personal pronoun singular)
ihn (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
sie (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
-se (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
es (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
uns (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
euch (accusative personal plural pronoun)
sie (accusative personal plural pronoun third-person)
-se (accusative personal plural pronoun third-person)
Sie (accusative personal pronoun)
Euch (accusative personal pronoun)

From Middle High German ër, from Old High German er, from Proto-West Germanic *iʀ, from Proto-Germanic *iz. In northern Middle High German and Old High German there also existed forms with initial h-, namely Middle High German her, Old High German her, from Proto-Germanic *hiz, whence Central Franconian hä and (from the accusative) Luxembourgish hien. Compare English he. The unusual spelling ih- in the forms ihm, ihn is not related to this. It was introduced in early modern German to distinguish these forms from im, in (when *iem, *ien could have been read as *jem, *jen).

Dort steht ein Baum. Er ist über hundert Jahre alt.

There stands a tree. It is more than 100 years old.

(personal) it (when the grammatical gender of the object/article/thing/animal etc., being referred to, is masculine (der)).

Im Frauengefängnis versuchte ein Häftling zu flüchten, aber er kam nicht weit.

In the women’s prison, an inmate tried to escape, but she didn’t get very far.

(personal) she (when the grammatical gender of the noun being referred to and designating a female person, is masculine (der)).

, Clemens Brentano, Geschichte vom braven Kasperl und dem schönen Annerl (edited). In: 1835, F. W. Gubitz (editor), Jahrbuch des Nützlichen und Unterhaltenden für 1835, p. 171

Then the old woman sprang up, surprised, and said: Dear gentleman, do go home and say your prayers and go to bed.

Da fuhr die Alte überraſcht auf und ſprach: Lieber Herr, gehe er doch nach Haus und bete er fein und lege er ſich ſchlafen.

Da sprach er „Vater, ich sehe wohl, bei ihm werd ich nicht satt, will er mir einen Stab von Eisen verschaffen, der stark ist, und den ich vor meinen Knien nicht zerbrechen kann, so will ich wieder fort gehen.“ Da war der Bauer froh, und spannte seine zwei Pferde vor den Wagen, fuhr zum Schmied, und holte einen Stab so groß und dick, als ihn die zwei Pferde nur fahren konnten.

1837, Brothers Grimm, “Der junge Riese”, in Kinder- und Haus-Märchen, Band 2^(https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Der_junge_Riese_(1837)), page 27:

Then he said: "Father, I can see that I shall not be able to eat my fill here. If you bring me a strong rod of iron that I cannot break, I shall go away again." Then the farmer was glad, and he harnessed his horses to the wagon, drove to the smithy, and fetched a rod so long and thick that his two horses could barely pull it.

(personal, archaic) Alternative spelling of Er (you (polite))


er

ich (first-person nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular)
eich (first-person nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular)
-ich (enclitic first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
mich (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular stressed unstressed)
meich (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular stressed unstressed)
meer (dative first-person personal pronoun singular stressed)
mer (dative first-person personal pronoun singular unstressed)
m'r (dative first-person personal pronoun singular unstressed)
du (informal nominative personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
dau (informal nominative personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
Dau (informal nominative personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
-du (enclitic informal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
-de (enclitic informal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
-Dau (enclitic informal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
-De (enclitic informal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
dich (accusative informal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed unstressed)
deich (accusative informal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed unstressed)
Deich (accusative informal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed unstressed)
deer (dative informal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
d'r (dative informal personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
D'r (dative informal personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
er (masculine nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
där (masculine nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
-er (enclitic masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
ihn (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
en (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
ihm (dative masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
em (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
sie (feminine nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
-se (enclitic feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
sie (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
ihns (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
se (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
eer (dative feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
ehr (dative feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
re (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
es (neuter nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
et (neuter nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
't (neuter nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
's (enclitic neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
es (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
et (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
-et (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
-'t (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
ihm (dative neuter personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
em (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
meer (first-person nominative personal plural proclitic pronoun)
mer (enclitic first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
uns (accusative dative first-person personal plural pronoun stressed unstressed)
uhs (accusative dative first-person personal plural pronoun stressed unstressed)
deer (nominative personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
Ehr (nominative personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
Dehr (nominative personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
eich (accusative dative personal plural pronoun second-person stressed unstressed)
Auch (accusative dative personal plural pronoun second-person stressed unstressed)
sie (nominative personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-se (enclitic nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
sie (accusative personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
se (accusative personal plural pronoun third-person unstressed)
denne (dative personal plural pronoun stressed third-person unstressed)

From Old High German er, from Proto-Germanic *iz. Displaced the northern Old High German forms with h-, e.g. hē, her (see he).


er

Old Norse er, from Proto-Germanic *iz (“he”), from Proto-Indo-European *ís (“he, that”).

Það er sú bók, er menn þekkja eigi höfund hennar.

There is a book whose author people don't know.

demonstrative pronoun
demonstrative pronoun

(archaic) in relations with a demonstrative pronoun (this, that, these) or personal pronoun (I, we, they), which represents the genitive of a relative pronoun.


er

orrym (first-person singular)
ort (second-person singular)
er (masculine singular third-person)
urree (singular)
orrin (first-person plural)
erriu (plural second-person)
orroo (plural third-person)
orryms (emphatic first-person singular)
orts (emphatic second-person singular)
ersyn (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
urreeish (emphatic singular)
orrinyn (emphatic first-person plural)
erriuish (emphatic plural second-person)
orroosyn (emphatic plural third-person)

From a conflation of three Old Irish prepositions:
# ar, air (“for”) (triggering lenition), from Proto-Celtic *ɸare (“in front of”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂i. Cognates include Ancient Greek παρά (pará, “beside”) and English fore.
# for (“on”) (triggering no mutation), from Proto-Celtic *uɸer (“over, on”) (compare Welsh ar, Breton war), from Proto-Indo-European *upér (compare Latin super, Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér), Old English ofer).
# íar (“after”) (triggering eclipsis), from Proto-Celtic *eɸirom (“after, behind”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.
Cognates include Irish ar and Scottish Gaelic air.


er

i (first-person personal pronoun singular)
biar (first-person personal plural pronoun)
du (personal pronoun second-person singular)
ir (personal plural pronoun second-person)
er (personal pronoun singular third-person)
si (personal pronoun singular third-person)
s (personal pronoun singular third-person)
sei (personal plural pronoun third-person)


er

ich (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
du (nominative personal pronoun singular)
de (nominative personal pronoun singular)
dihr (nominative personal pronoun singular)
Sie (nominative personal pronoun singular)
er (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
sie (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
se (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
es (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
mir (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
mer (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
dihr (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sie (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
mir (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
mer (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
dir (dative personal pronoun singular)
eich (dative personal pronoun singular)
Ihne (dative personal pronoun singular)
Ne (dative personal pronoun singular)
ihm (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
em (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ihre (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
re (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ihm (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
em (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
uns (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
eich (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
ihne (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
ne (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
mich (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
dich (accusative personal pronoun singular)
eich (accusative personal pronoun singular)
Sie (accusative personal pronoun singular)
ihn (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
en (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
sie (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
se (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
es (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
uns (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
eich (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sie (accusative personal plural pronoun third-person)


what

wot (all only in British, Australian, New Zealand, New York City accents with the wine–whine merger)

From Middle English what, from Old English hwæt (“what”), from Proto-West Germanic *hwat, from Proto-Germanic *hwat (“what”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷód (“what”), neuter form of *kʷós (“who”). Cognate with Scots whit (“what”), North Frisian wat (“what”), Saterland Frisian wat (“what”), West Frisian wat (“what”), Dutch wat (“what”), Low German wat (“what”), German was (“what”), Danish hvad (“what”), Norwegian Bokmål hva (“what”), Swedish vad (“what”), Norwegian Nynorsk kva (“what”), Icelandic hvað (“what”), Latin quod (“what, which”).

This shows what beauty there is in nature.

You know what nonsense she talks.

I found out what a liar he is.

Emphasises that something is noteworthy or remarkable in quality or degree, in either a good or bad way; may be used in combination with certain other determiners, especially 'a', less often 'some'.

What nonsense!

Wow! What a speech.

What beautiful children you have.

With what passion she sings!

Little Red Riding Hood, traditional folk tale
“Oh Granny, what big eyes you have,” said Little Red Riding Hood.

(exclamative) Used to form exclamations indicating that something is remarkable, in either a good or bad way.


what

In short; what by the indiscretion of people here, what by the rebound which came often back from London, what by the private interests and ambitious views of persons in the French court, and what by other causes unnecessary to be examined now, the most private transactions came to light [...]

1787, Henry St. John, Lord Viscount Bolingbroke, Letters on the Study and Use of History: A Letter to Sir William Windham, page 83:

The Chinese of all ranks, and in every place, received my books gladly, and listened with patience to what I had to say about the true God.—So that what from opportunities of attending to the object of my Mission among the Chinese—what from seasons of religious instruction to Dutch and English—what from intercourse with gentlemen of education and knowledge of the world—what from occasions of stating clearly the object of Missions, and of endeavouring to remove prejudices against them—and what from the view of a highly cultivated country, happy under an enlightened and liberal government, I have much reason to be satisfied with this journey …

1815, Rev. Mr. Milne, letter reprinted in The Evangelical Magazine and Missionary Chronicle, Volume 23, page 82. https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=EPE6AQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA82&dq=%22what+from%22

Used before a prepositional phrase to emphasise that something is taken into consideration as a cause or reason; usually used in combination with 'with' (see what with), and much less commonly with other prepositions.


what

“That’s riled them,” said my compaion. “Good work, what?”

1918, Denis Garstin, The Shilling Soldiers, London: Hodder and Stoughton, page 83:

Chuffy: WHAT? No, no, no, no, no. My casa is your casa, what?

1991 May 12, “Kidnapped!”, in Jeeves and Wooster, Series 2, Episode 5:

It’s a nice day, what?

(British, colloquial, dated) Clipping of what do you say? Used as a type of tag question to emphasise a statement and invite agreement, often rhetorically.


what

Yola: fad

From Old English hwæt, from Proto-West Germanic *hwat, from Proto-Germanic *hwat, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷód.

And as for on C good knyghtes I haue my self / but I fawte / l / for so many haue ben slayne in my dayes / and so Ladegreans delyuerd his doughter Gweneuer vnto Merlyn / and the table round with the C knyghtes / and so they rode fresshly with grete royalte / what by water and what by land / tyl that they came nyghe vnto london

1485, Sir Thomas Malory, “primum”, in Le Morte Darthur, book III (in Middle English):

Used to introduce each of two coordinate phrases or concepts; both...and...


what

From Middle English what, from Old English hwæt, from Proto-West Germanic *hwat. Cognates include English what and Yola faade.