it

head

it (subjective and objective it, reflexive and intensive itself, possessive determiner and pronoun its, plural subjective they, plural objective case them)

it (objective subjective)
itself (emphatic reflexive)
its (determiner possessive pronoun without-noun)
they (plural subjective)
them (objective plural)

Received Pronunciation, General American, GenAus

From Middle English it, hit ( > dialectal English hit (“it”)), from Old English hit (“it”), from Proto-West Germanic *hit, from Proto-Germanic *hit (“this, this one”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱe-, *ḱey- (“this, here”). Cognate with West Frisian it (“it”), Saterland Frisian et, 't (“it”), Dutch het (“it”), Low German it (“it”), German es (“it”). Compare also Gothic 𐌹𐍄𐌰 (ita, “it”), Latin cis (“on this”), hic (“this”). More at he.

αὐτό

when referring to inanimate thing or neuter noun

impersonal pronoun, used without referent

impersonal pronoun, used as a placeholder

Take this book and put it on the shelf.

Take each day as it comes.

I found a poor little cat. It seems to be half starving.

It is not a pen. It is a book.
Audio (US): (file)

2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)

The Nansi District was formerly known as the "Jiaba Community", and was one of the early territories of the Taivoan, as well as where the Zou resided. Later, due to the invasion of the Siraya tribe, the community members later migrated out to regions such as Gongguan, Paoziliao (Kaohsiung County), and Daciouyuan. During the time of the Japanese occupation, because of its location at the west of the "Nanzihsian River", it was therefore renamed Nansi ("si" meaning "west"). A village and village hall were established here, under the governance of Sinhua District of Tainan Province. After the war in 1945, it was renamed Nansi Township, and was changed to Nansi District after the merging of Tainan City and County on December 25th, 2010.

2018 August 6, “Brief Introduction of Nansi”, in Nansi District Office, Tainan City, archived from the original on 2022-02-16:

The third-person singular neuter personal pronoun used to refer to an inanimate object, abstract entity, or non-human living thing.

She took the baby and held it in her arms.

A child cannot quarrel with its elders, as I had done; cannot give its furious feelings uncontrolled play, as I had given mine, without experiencing afterwards the pang of remorse and the chill of reaction.

1847, Charlotte Brontë, chapter IV, in Jane Eyre:

I could only encourage Mrs. Clements to speak next of Anne's early days […] "There was nobody else, sir, to take the little helpless creature in hand," replied Mrs. Clements. "The wicked mother seemed to hate it—as if the poor baby was in fault!—from the day it was born. My heart was heavy for the child, and I made the offer to bring it up as tenderly as if it was my own."
"Did Anne remain entirely under your care from that time?"
"Not quite entirely, sir. Mrs. Catherick had her whims and fancies about it at times, and used now and then to lay claim to the child, as if she wanted to spite me for bringing it up.

1859, Wilkie Collins, The Woman in White:

The sky was dripping. Like a tap that a child has tried its hardest to turn off but hasn't quite managed.

2005, Marcus Zusak, The Book Thief, part 10:

A third-person singular personal pronoun used to refer to a baby or child, especially of unknown gender.

"[…] It's my belief that you don't know your own mind."
"I don't, dear," said Hulda, nestling to him.
"Why, what a puss it is!" cried Sir Philip, kissing her tenderly.

1890, George Manville Fenn, Black Blood:

1897, Olive Pratt Rayner (Grant Allen), The Type-Writer Girl
She caught my eye, and laughed. “What a funny girl it is!” she cried. “You are so comical! But it isn't the least use your trying to frighten me. I can see the twinkle in your big black eyes; and I like you in spite of your trying to be horrid. Do you know, I liked you from the first moment I saw you.”

WILLIAM: You don't like me better?
CLARA: Indeed I do.
WILLIAM (laughing): Well, what a dear girl it is.
CLARA (flinging her arms around his neck with suddenly disclosed passion): Oh, I do love you!

1905, The Harvard Monthly, volumes 39-40, page 183:

(obsolete) An affectionate third-person singular personal pronoun.

1977-1980, Lou Sullivan, personal diary, quoted in 2019, Ellis Martin, Zach Ozma (editors), We Both Laughed In Pleasure
Next morning bought her [a drag queen] breakfast & she asked for a couple dollars to get a drink. Gave her $3, walked her to a bar. […] Some teenage boys watched us walking & began shouting. When I left her at the bar door & kissed her goodbye, they began shouting "Ugh! You kissed it!!"

"Oh, don't be silly. I am neither male nor female. I'm a farfel." […] "It. Refer to me as an it."
"That seems pretty rude," I said nervously.
"Not as rude as calling me a he or a she," it said.

1993, Bruce Coville, Aliens Ate My Homework, pages 72–73:

The individual known as Maia Arson Crimew was born as Tillie Kottmann on 7 August 1999 in Lucerne, Switzerland. Kottmann/Crimew has expressed on its website a desire to be referred to by ‘it’ pronouns (Crimew 2021), so this article will interchangeably refer to it by its preferred terms as either ‘Maia Arson Crimew’ or ‘it’.
Crimew is a well-known figure among hacking and cybersecurity circles. It has either taken credit for or been attributed to hacks from several major multinational corporations, including […]

2024 January 16, Matteo Garofalo, “Singular Purpose: Calculating the Degree of Ethno-Religious Over-representation in the USNo-Fly List”, in International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy:

(chiefly derogatory, offensive) A third-person singular personal pronoun used to refer to an animate referent who is transgender or non-binary.


it

ik (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
my (first-person objective personal pronoun singular)
mysels (first-person objective personal pronoun reflexive singular)
myn (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
mines (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
do (informal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
dû (informal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
dy (informal objective personal pronoun second-person singular)
dysels (informal objective personal pronoun reflexive second-person singular)
dyn (informal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
dines (informal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
jo (formal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
jo (formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular)
josels (formal objective personal pronoun reflexive second-person singular)
jo (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
jowes (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
hy (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
him (masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person)
himsels (masculine objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
syn (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
sines (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
sy (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
hja (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
har (feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person)
harsels (feminine objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
har (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
harres (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
it (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
it (neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person)
himsels (neuter objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
syn (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
sines (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
wy (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
ús (first-person objective personal plural pronoun)
ússels (first-person objective personal plural pronoun reflexive)
ús (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
uzes (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
jim (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
jimme (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
jim (objective personal plural pronoun second-person)
jimme (objective personal plural pronoun second-person)
jimsels (objective personal plural pronoun reflexive second-person)
jinsels (objective personal plural pronoun reflexive second-person)
jim (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
jimme (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
jimmes (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
sy (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
hja (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
har (objective personal plural pronoun third-person)
harren (objective personal plural pronoun third-person)
harsels (objective personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
har (personal plural possessive pronoun third-person)
harren (personal plural possessive pronoun third-person)
harres (personal plural possessive pronoun third-person)
^ Now mostly archaic and unused (personal pronoun)

From Old Frisian hit, from Proto-Germanic *hit.

it (third-person singular neuter pronoun)


was

From Middle High German waz, from Old High German waz, hwaz, from Proto-Germanic *hwat, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷod. Cognate with Bavarian was, wås, Silesian East Central German woas (was), Dutch wat, English what, Danish hvad. Doublet of wat.

wat

in western and parts of northern Germany

Ich komm was später.


el

From Latin ille, possibly through a Vulgar Latin *illus. Compare Romanian el, Megleno-Romanian iel.

ea/ia

feminine equivalent (third-person singular nominative)

ãl

masculine singular accusative- short/unstressed form

lui

masculine singular genitive and masculine singular dative- long/stressed form

ãlj

masculine singular dative- short/unstressed form

elj

third-person (masculine or mixed) plural


el

el m (feminine la, masculine plural els, feminine plural les)

la (feminine)
els (masculine plural)
les (feminine plural)

From earlier lo, from Latin illum, from Latin ille. The initial e- was inserted as an epenthetic vowel after the unstressed -o had begun to be dropped.

masculine singular definite article for given names

el bo i el dolent

el que hem de fer

neuter definite article used to make abstract nouns from adjectives; the; what, that which


el

From Old Occitan [Term?], from Latin ille.

he (third-person singular subject pronoun)

it (third-person singular subject pronoun)


i

From Middle High German ich, from Old High German ih, from Proto-West Germanic *ik. Cognates include German ich and Yiddish איך (ikh).

I halts nit aus, des Scheißgefühl, i kann di doch liaben wann und wo i will!

2013, “I halts nit aus [I can't endure it]”, performed by Hannah:

I can't endure this shitty feeling, I can, after all, love you when and where I want!


i

3rd person singular subject personal pronoun

it

in higher registers closer to English with corresponding gender distinction

ele

Camfranglais with Romance gender distinction


i

i (first-person personal pronoun singular)
biar (first-person personal plural pronoun)
du (personal pronoun second-person singular)
iar (personal plural pronoun second-person)
er (personal pronoun singular third-person)
si (personal pronoun singular third-person)
'z (personal pronoun singular third-person)
se (personal plural pronoun third-person)

From Middle High German ich, from Old High German ih, from Proto-West Germanic *ik. Cognate with German ich, English I.

I hån an pruadar un a sbestar.


i

From the earlier li. Compare Italian i (“the”) and Romanian îi (“them”).


i

mer (dative)
i (first-person personal pronoun singular)
biar (first-person personal plural pronoun)
du (personal pronoun second-person singular)
ir (personal plural pronoun second-person)
er (personal pronoun singular third-person)
si (personal pronoun singular third-person)
s (personal pronoun singular third-person)
sei (personal plural pronoun third-person)

From Middle High German ich, from Old High German ih, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek. Cognate with German ich, English I.


i

i (2nd class, 3rd person singular and plural, 1st class equivalent a'e)

Nheengatu: i

Gûyrá i porang

Aîkutuk


i

The ninth letter of the Scottish Gaelic alphabet, written in the Latin script. It is preceded by h and followed by l. Its traditional name is iodh (“yew”).


i

From Proto-Brythonic *mi, from Proto-Celtic *mī.


mi

From English me. Cognate with Tok Pisin mi and Pijin mi.

Bang i wantem mi faen from mi ovaspen.

2008, Miriam Meyerhoff, Social lives in language--sociolinguistics and multilingual speech, →ISBN, page 344:

1) Used only as an object of a preposition

a verb. *) Some speakers may not distinguish various plurality categories

two plural pronouns. **) The collective pronouns specify that the action is performed by all subjects together


mi

mi (first person direct object, indirect object)

From Latin mē, and possibly, as an indirect object, in part from Latin mihi.


mi

mi (nominative)
minket (accusative)
nekünk (dative)
velünk (instrumental)
értünk (causal-final)
bennünk (inessive)
rajtunk (superessive)
nálunk (adessive)
belénk (illative)
ránk (sublative)
hozzánk (allative)
belőlünk (elative)
rólunk (delative)
tőlünk (ablative)
declension of mi

mielőttünk etc

mi + a postposition with the first-person plural personal suffix; see Appendix:Hungarian postpositions

mihozzánk etc

mi + one of the declined forms listed in the table above; see Appendix:Hungarian pronouns


mi

Mi gyönyörűség!


mi

mi (nominative singular)
mit (nominative plural)
min (genitive singular)
min (genitive plural)
mitä (partitive singular)
mitä (partitive plural)
mih (illative singular)
mih (illative plural)
missä (inessive singular)
missä (inessive plural)
mistä (elative singular)
mistä (elative plural)
millä (adessive singular)
millä (adessive plural)
miltä (ablative singular)
miltä (ablative plural)
miksi (singular translative)
miksi (plural translative)
minä (essive singular)
minä (essive plural)
mineh (comitative plural)
mittä (abessive singular)
mittä (abessive plural)
mi (nominative singular)
mit (nominative plural)
min (genitive singular)
min (genitive plural)
midä (partitive singular)
midä (partitive plural)
mih (illative singular)
mih (illative plural)
missä (inessive singular)
missä (inessive plural)
mistä (elative singular)
mistä (elative plural)
millä (adessive singular)
millä (adessive plural)
mildä (ablative singular)
mildä (ablative plural)
miksi (singular translative)
miksi (plural translative)
minä (essive singular)
minä (essive plural)
minke (comitative singular)
minke (comitative plural)
mittä (abessive singular)
mittä (abessive plural)

From Proto-Finnic *mi. Cognates include Veps mi and Finnish mi-.


mi

English: my

Geordie English: my, maw

Scots: my, ma, me

Yola: mee

An apocopic form of min, myn, from Old English mīn (“my, mine”), from Proto-Germanic *mīnaz (“my, mine”, pron.).

inh

And he ſeide to hem þat ſelden culueris / take ȝe awei from hennes þeſe þingis .· ⁊ nyle ȝe make þe hous of my fadir an hows of marchaundiſe

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Joon 2:16, page 45r, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

And he said to those who sold doves: "Take those things out of here; you won't make my father's house a place of business!"

First-person singular genitive determiner: my.


mi

From Latin mē and, as an indirect object pronoun, possibly in part from mihi.


mi

Gdje mi je auto?

(emphatic, possessive, dative) my, of mine (clitic dative singular of jȃ (“I”))


mi

mȋ (canonical)
jàz (first-person nominative singular)
tí (nominative second-person singular)
méne (accusative first-person singular)
me (accusative first-person singular)
tébe (accusative second-person singular)
te (accusative second-person singular)
sébe (accusative reflexive singular)
se (accusative reflexive singular)
méne (first-person genitive singular)
me (first-person genitive singular)
tébe (genitive second-person singular)
te (genitive second-person singular)
sébe (genitive reflexive singular)
se (genitive reflexive singular)
méni (dative first-person singular)
mi (dative first-person singular)
tébi (dative second-person singular)
ti (dative second-person singular)
sébi (dative reflexive singular)
si (dative reflexive singular)
méni (first-person locative singular)
tébi (locative second-person singular)
sébi (locative reflexive singular)
menój (first-person instrumental singular)
máno (first-person instrumental singular)
tebój (instrumental second-person singular)
tábo (instrumental second-person singular)
sebój (instrumental reflexive singular)
sábo (instrumental reflexive singular)
mój (first-person possessive singular)
tvój (possessive second-person singular)
svój (possessive reflexive singular)
mídva m (dual first-person nominative)
médve (dual first-person nominative)
mídve f (dual first-person nominative)
n (dual first-person nominative)
vídva m (dual nominative second-person)
védve (dual nominative second-person)
vídve f (dual nominative second-person)
n (dual nominative second-person)
náju (accusative dual first-person)
váju (accusative dual second-person)
sébe (accusative dual reflexive)
se (accusative dual reflexive)
náju (dual first-person genitive)
váju (dual genitive second-person)
sébe (dual genitive reflexive)
se (dual genitive reflexive)
náma (dative dual first-person)
váma (dative dual second-person)
sébi (dative dual reflexive)
si (dative dual reflexive)
náju (dual first-person locative)
váju (dual locative second-person)
sébi (dual locative reflexive)
náma (dual first-person instrumental)
váma (dual instrumental second-person)
sebój (dual instrumental reflexive)
sábo (dual instrumental reflexive)
nájin (dual first-person possessive)
vájin (dual possessive second-person)
svój (dual possessive reflexive)
mí m (first-person nominative plural)
mé f (first-person nominative plural)
n (first-person nominative plural)
ví m (nominative plural second-person)
vé f (nominative plural second-person)
n (nominative plural second-person)
nàs (accusative first-person plural)
vàs (accusative plural second-person)
sébe (accusative plural reflexive)
se (accusative plural reflexive)
nàs (first-person genitive plural)
vàs (genitive plural second-person)
sébe (genitive plural reflexive)
se (genitive plural reflexive)
nàm (dative first-person plural)
vàm (dative plural second-person)
sébi (dative plural reflexive)
si (dative plural reflexive)
nàs (first-person locative plural)
vàs (locative plural second-person)
sébi (locative plural reflexive)
nàmi (first-person instrumental plural)
vàmi (instrumental plural second-person)
sebój (instrumental plural reflexive)
sábo (instrumental plural reflexive)
nàš (first-person plural possessive)
vàš (plural possessive second-person)
svój (plural possessive reflexive)


mi

Sino-Vietnamese word from 眉 (“eyebrows”). Doublet of mày. Probably unrelated to mí (“eyelid”).


mi

From Proto-Vietic *miː, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *miiʔ. See also mày.

(chiefly Central Vietnam, derogatory in other dialects) you (second person singular pronoun, referring to a person held in low esteem)

(archaic, literary) you (second person singular pronoun)


mi

đô, rê, mi

(music) mi (third note of diatonic scale)


mi

head

mi (triggers soft mutation on the following verb)

Mi werthes i hanner dwsin.

(North Wales) used with inflected verbs to mark affirmative statements.


mi

qualifier

Estonian: mis (genitive mille, partitive mida; nominative -s from see; the stem is extended to mill- in most forms); miks

Finnish: mikä (genitive minkä, partitive mitä)

Ingrian: mikä (genitive minen, partitive mitä); mi (rare), min

Karelian:

North Karelian: mi

South Karelian: mi

Livvi: mi

Ludian: mi

Veps: mi

Võro: miä (genitive mink, partitive midä/mitä)

Votic: mi, mikä


mi

Breton: me

Cornish: my

Welsh: mi, fi, i

From Proto-Celtic *mī, from Proto-Indo-European *me (“me”).


mi

Komi:

Komi-Permyak: ми (mi)

Komi-Zyrian: ми (mi)

Old Komi: 𐍜𐍙̈ (mi)

Udmurt: ми (mi)

From Proto-Uralic *me. Cognates include Proto-Finnic *mek and Proto-Samic *mij.


one

PIE word
 *h₁óynos
From Middle English oon, on, oan, an, from Old English ān (“one”), from Proto-West Germanic *ain, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz (“one”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos (“single, one”).
Cognate with Scots ae, ane, wan, yin (“one”); North Frisian ån (“one”); Saterland Frisian aan (“one”); West Frisian ien (“one”); Dutch een, één (“one”); German Low German een; German ein, eins (“one”); Danish en (“one”); Swedish en (“one”); Norwegian Nynorsk ein (“one”), Icelandic einn (“one”); Latin ūnus (“one”) (Old Latin oinos); Russian оди́н (odín), Spanish uno. Doublet of a, an, and Uno.
The use as an indefinite personal pronoun may have been influenced by unrelated French on, although the Germanic languages widely use cognates for the same sense (usually in non-subject function, but also in subject function, e.g. Luxembourgish een).
Verb form from Middle English onen.

inh

see for numerical forms in other scripts

One day the prince set forth to kill the dragon that had brought terror to his father’s kingdom for centuries.

One morning I had been driven to the precarious refuge afforded by the steps of the inn, after rejecting offers from the Celebrity to join him in a variety of amusements. But even here I was not free from interruption, for he was seated on a horse-block below me, playing with a fox terrier.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:


one

òne (canonical)
о̀не (Cyrillic)
ȏn (masculine nominative singular)
òna (feminine nominative singular)
òno (neuter nominative singular)
òni (masculine nominative plural)
òne (feminine nominative plural)
òna (neuter nominative plural)
njȅga (genitive masculine singular)
ga (genitive masculine singular)
njȇ (feminine genitive singular)
je (feminine genitive singular)
njȅga (genitive neuter singular)
ga (genitive neuter singular)
njȋh (genitive masculine plural)
ih (genitive masculine plural)
njȋh (feminine genitive plural)
ih (feminine genitive plural)
njȋh (genitive neuter plural)
ih (genitive neuter plural)
njȅmu (dative masculine singular)
mu (dative masculine singular)
njȏj (dative feminine singular)
joj (dative feminine singular)
njȅmu (dative neuter singular)
mu (dative neuter singular)
njȉma (dative masculine plural)
im (dative masculine plural)
njȉma (dative feminine plural)
im (dative feminine plural)
njȉma (dative neuter plural)
im (dative neuter plural)
njȅga (accusative masculine singular)
ga (accusative masculine singular)
nj (accusative masculine singular)
njȗ (accusative feminine singular)
ju (accusative feminine singular)
je (accusative feminine singular)
njȅga (accusative neuter singular)
ga (accusative neuter singular)
nj (accusative neuter singular)
njȋh (accusative masculine plural)
ih (accusative masculine plural)
njȋh (accusative feminine plural)
ih (accusative feminine plural)
njȋh (accusative neuter plural)
ih (accusative neuter plural)
njȅm (locative masculine singular)
njȅmu (locative masculine singular)
njȏj (feminine locative singular)
njȅm (locative neuter singular)
njȅmu (locative neuter singular)
njȉma (locative masculine plural)
njȉma (feminine locative plural)
njȉma (locative neuter plural)
njȋm (instrumental masculine singular)
njíme (instrumental masculine singular)
njȏm (feminine instrumental singular)
njóme (feminine instrumental singular)
njȋm (instrumental neuter singular)
njíme (instrumental neuter singular)
njȉma (instrumental masculine plural)
njȉma (feminine instrumental plural)
njȉma (instrumental neuter plural)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ony, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ónos.

they (nominative plural of òna (“she”)); nonvirile third-person plural pronoun, used for all groups not containing men


one

óne (canonical)
òn (masculine nominative singular)
ôna (feminine nominative singular)
ôno (neuter nominative singular)
njêga (ga, -nj) (accusative masculine singular)
njó (jo, -njo) (accusative feminine singular)
njêga (ga, -nj) (accusative neuter singular)
njêga (ga) (genitive masculine singular)
njé (je) (feminine genitive singular)
njêga (ga) (genitive neuter singular)
njêmu (mu) (dative masculine singular)
njéj (dative feminine singular)
njèj (dative feminine singular)
njì (ji) (dative feminine singular)
njêmu (mu) (dative neuter singular)
njêm (locative masculine singular)
njéj (feminine locative singular)
njèj (feminine locative singular)
njì (feminine locative singular)
njêm (locative neuter singular)
njím (instrumental masculine singular)
njó (feminine instrumental singular)
njím (instrumental neuter singular)
njegôv (masculine possessive singular)
njegòv (masculine possessive singular)
njén (feminine possessive singular)
njegôv (neuter possessive singular)
njegòv (neuter possessive singular)
ônadva (dual masculine nominative)
ônidve (dual feminine nominative)
onédve (dual feminine nominative)
ônidve (dual neuter nominative)
onédve (dual neuter nominative)
njíju (ju, -nju) (accusative dual masculine)
plural (accusative dual masculine)
njíju (ju, -nju) (accusative dual feminine)
plural (accusative dual feminine)
njíju (ju, -nju) (accusative dual neuter)
plural (accusative dual neuter)
njíju (ju) (dual genitive masculine)
plural (dual genitive masculine)
njíju (ju) (dual feminine genitive)
plural (dual feminine genitive)
njíju (ju) (dual genitive neuter)
plural (dual genitive neuter)
njíma (dative dual masculine)
jima (dative dual masculine)
njíma (dative dual feminine)
jima (dative dual feminine)
njíma (dative dual neuter)
jima (dative dual neuter)
njíju (dual locative masculine)
plural (dual locative masculine)
njíju (dual feminine locative)
plural (dual feminine locative)
njíju (dual locative neuter)
plural (dual locative neuter)
njíma (dual instrumental masculine)
njíma (dual feminine instrumental)
njíma (dual instrumental neuter)
njún (dual masculine possessive)
njún (dual feminine possessive)
njún (dual neuter possessive)
ôni (masculine nominative plural)
ône (feminine nominative plural)
ôna (neuter nominative plural)
njìh (jih, -nje) (accusative masculine plural)
njìh (jih, -nje) (accusative feminine plural)
njìh (jih, -nje) (accusative neuter plural)
njìh (jih) (genitive masculine plural)
njìh (jih) (feminine genitive plural)
njìh (jih) (genitive neuter plural)
njìm (jim) (dative masculine plural)
njìm (jim) (dative feminine plural)
njìm (jim) (dative neuter plural)
njìh (locative masculine plural)
njìh (feminine locative plural)
njìh (locative neuter plural)
njími (instrumental masculine plural)
njími (feminine instrumental plural)
njími (instrumental neuter plural)
njíhov (masculine plural possessive)
njíhov (feminine plural possessive)
njíhov (neuter plural possessive)


o

The twenty-first letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


o

men (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
sen (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
o (nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
biz (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
siz (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
olar (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
meni (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
seni (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
onı (accusative personal pronoun singular third-person)
bizni (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
sizni (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
olarnı (accusative personal plural pronoun third-person)
maña (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
saña (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
oña (dative personal pronoun singular third-person)
bizge (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
sizge (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
olarǧa (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
mende (first-person locative personal pronoun singular)
sende (locative personal pronoun second-person singular)
onda (locative personal pronoun singular third-person)
bizde (first-person locative personal plural pronoun)
sizde (locative personal plural pronoun second-person)
olarda (locative personal plural pronoun third-person)
menden (ablative first-person personal pronoun singular)
senden (ablative personal pronoun second-person singular)
ondan (ablative personal pronoun singular third-person)
bizden (ablative first-person personal plural pronoun)
sizden (ablative personal plural pronoun second-person)
olardan (ablative personal plural pronoun third-person)
menim (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
seniñ (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
onıñ (genitive personal pronoun singular third-person)
bizim (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
siziñ (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
olarnıñ (genitive personal plural pronoun third-person)

From Proto-Turkic *ol. Compare Turkish o and Azerbaijani o.


o

From Ottoman Turkish او (o), from older اول (ol). Merger of Old Anatolian Turkish [script needed] (ol) and [script needed] (an, “she, he, that, it”), (Old Turkic 𐰆𐰞 (ul¹) and [script needed] (an), respectively); both from Proto-Turkic *ol. Cognate with Karakhanid اُلْ (“he, she, it; that”) and Chinese 兀 (wù, “that”).

der

The eighteenth letter of the Turkish alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.


o

Aphetic form of efô, reinforced form of ef


her

From Middle English here, hir, hire, from Old English hire (“her”), from Proto-Germanic *hezōi (dative and genitive singular of *hijō).
Cognate with North Frisian hör, Saterland Frisian hier, hiere (“her”), West Frisian har (“her”), Dutch haar (“her”), German Low German hör (“her”), German ihr (“her”).

inh

dative and genitive singular of <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*hijō</i>

possessive concord + -khe class 1 (most common)

This is her book

Prodigal in everything, summer spreads her blessings with lavish unconcern, and waving her magic wand across the landscape of the world, she bids the sons of men to enter in [...]

1928, The Journal of the American Dental Association, page 765:

Her crew knew that deep in her heart beat engines fit and able to push her blunt old nose ahead at a sweet fourteen knots, come Hell or high water.

1932, Delos W. Lovelace, King Kong, published 1965, page 1:

On top of the circle she wrote her name, Louise, just above where the 12 on a clock would be.

2001, Betsy Gould Hearne, Wishes, Kisses, and Pigs, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN, page 78:

On 24 April Nelson rejoined his ship, her battle damage repaired […]

2010, Andrew Lambert, Nelson: Britannia's God of War, Faber & Faber, →ISBN:

Belonging to her (belonging to that female person or animal, or in poetic or old-fashioned language that ship, city, season, etc).


wij

ik (first-person personal pronoun singular stressed subjective)
'k (first-person personal pronoun singular subjective unstressed)
mij (first-person objective personal pronoun singular stressed)
me (first-person objective personal pronoun singular unstressed)
mijn (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular stressed)
m'n (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular unstressed)
mijne (first-person personal possessive predicative pronoun)
me (first-person personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive)
mijner (archaic first-person genitive personal predicative pronoun)
mijns (archaic first-person genitive personal predicative pronoun)
jij (personal pronoun second-person singular stressed subjective)
je (personal pronoun second-person singular subjective unstressed)
jou (objective personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
je (objective personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
jouw (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular stressed)
je (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
jouwe (personal possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
je (personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
jouwer (archaic genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
jouws (archaic genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
gij (archaic dialectal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed subjective)
ge (archaic dialectal personal pronoun second-person singular subjective unstressed)
u (archaic dialectal objective personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uw (archaic dialectal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uwe (archaic dialectal personal possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
u (archaic dialectal personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
uwer (archaic dialectal genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
uws (archaic dialectal genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
u (formal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed subjective)
u (formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uw (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uwe (formal personal possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
zich (formal personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
uwer (archaic formal genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
uws (archaic formal genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
hij (masculine personal pronoun singular stressed subjective third-person)
ie (masculine personal pronoun singular subjective third-person unstressed)
hem (masculine objective personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
'm (masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zijn (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular stressed third-person)
z'n (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zijne (masculine personal possessive predicative pronoun third-person)
zich (masculine personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive third-person)
zijner (archaic genitive masculine personal predicative pronoun third-person)
zijns (archaic genitive masculine personal predicative pronoun third-person)
zij (feminine personal pronoun singular stressed subjective third-person)
ze (feminine personal pronoun singular subjective third-person unstressed)
haar (feminine objective personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
h'r (feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
'r (feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
d'r (feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
haar (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular stressed third-person)
h'r (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
'r (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
d'r (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
hare (feminine personal possessive predicative pronoun third-person)
zich (feminine personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive third-person)
harer (archaic feminine genitive personal predicative pronoun third-person)
haars (archaic feminine genitive personal predicative pronoun third-person)
het (neuter personal pronoun singular stressed subjective third-person)
't (neuter personal pronoun singular subjective third-person unstressed)
het (neuter objective personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
't (neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zijn (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular stressed third-person)
z'n (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zijne (neuter personal possessive predicative pronoun third-person)
zich (neuter personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive third-person)
zijner (archaic genitive neuter personal predicative pronoun third-person)
zijns (archaic genitive neuter personal predicative pronoun third-person)
wij (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
we (first-person personal plural pronoun unstressed)
ons (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
onze (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
onze (first-person personal plural possessive predicative pronoun)
ons (first-person personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive)
onzer (archaic first-person genitive personal plural predicative pronoun)
onzes (archaic first-person genitive personal plural predicative pronoun)
jullie (personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
je (personal plural pronoun second-person unstressed)
je (personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
gij (archaic dialectal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
ge (archaic dialectal personal plural pronoun second-person unstressed)
u (archaic dialectal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uw (archaic dialectal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uwe (archaic dialectal personal plural possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
u (archaic dialectal personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
uwer (archaic dialectal genitive personal plural predicative pronoun second-person)
uws (archaic dialectal genitive personal plural predicative pronoun second-person)
u (formal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uw (formal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uwe (formal personal plural possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
zich (formal personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
uwer (archaic formal genitive personal plural predicative pronoun second-person)
uws (archaic formal genitive personal plural predicative pronoun second-person)
zij (personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
ze (personal plural pronoun third-person unstressed)
hen (personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
hun (personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
hunne (personal plural possessive predicative pronoun third-person)
zich (personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive third-person)
hunner (archaic genitive personal plural predicative pronoun third-person)
huns (archaic genitive personal plural predicative pronoun third-person)

Jersey Dutch: wāi

Negerhollands: wellie

From Middle Dutch wi, from Old Dutch wī, from Proto-West Germanic *wiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *wīz, from Proto-Indo-European *wéy-, plural of *éǵh₂.
Compare Low German wi, West Frisian wy, German wir, English we, Danish vi.

personal pronoun
personal pronoun#English

the first-person plural personal pronoun; refers to the speakers; we


men

From Middle Dutch men, an unstressed variety of man (“man”). Accordingly, originally pronounced with [ə]; now predominantly with a full vowel [ɛ], especially in those areas where the word is chiefly literary. Compare German man, Middle English men (indefinite pronoun).

Men zegt dat...

Men weet nooit wat er gaat gebeuren.

(indefinite, subject) one, you, they, everyone; humanity, (the) people, the public opinion


men

An unstressed pronunciation of mònn (“man”). Compare German man, Dutch men for a similar construct.

Bou mu men parkiarn?


both

From Middle English bothe, boþe, from Old English bā þā (“both the; both those”) and possibly reinforced by Old Norse báðir, from Proto-Germanic *bai. Cognate with Saterland Frisian bee (“both”), West Frisian beide (“both”), Dutch beide (“both”), German beide (“both”), Swedish både, båda, Danish både, Norwegian både, Icelandic báðir. Replaced Middle English bō, from Old English bā, a form of Old English bēġen.

Both children are such dolls.

Which one do you need? ―I need both of them.

Abraham took sheep and oxen, and gave them unto Abimelech; and both of them made a covenant.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 21:27:

He will not bear the loss of his rank, because he can bear the loss of his estate; but he will bear both, because he is prepared for both.

1717, Viscount Bolingbroke, Reflexions upon Exile:

Each of the two; one and the other; referring to two individuals or items.

find one's ass with both hands and a flashlight


both

Did you want this one or that one? ―Give me both.

They were both here.

Irregular bedtimes may disrupt healthy brain development in young children, according to a study of intelligence and sleeping habits. ¶ Going to bed at a different time each night affected girls more than boys, but both fared worse on mental tasks than children who had a set bedtime, researchers found.

2013 July 19, Ian Sample, “Irregular bedtimes may affect children's brains”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 34:


both

[…] having much aduantage both in number, valure, and forepreparation […]

1598, Philip Sidney, The countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia, page 211:

Both mongrel, puppy, whelp, and hound.

1766, [Oliver Goldsmith], The Vicar of Wakefield: […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), Salisbury, Wiltshire: […] B. Collins, for F[rancis] Newbery, […], →OCLC:

He prayeth well who loveth well both man and bird and beast.

1797–1798 (date written), [Samuel Taylor Coleridge], “The Rime of the Ancyent Marinere”, in Lyrical Ballads, with a Few Other Poems, London: […] J[ohn] & A[rthur] Arch, […], published 1798, →OCLC:

[…] as he appreciates its beauty and its rich gifts, as he regards it with venerant love, fed by both his intellectual powers, his contemplation, and his meditation.

1892, Richard Congreve, Essays Political, Social, and Religious, volume 2, page 615:

(obsolete) Including all of (used with and).


anu

Inherited from Proto-Cushitic *ʔani, from Proto-Afroasiatic *ˀanāku. Cognates include Oromo ani, Saho anu, Somali áan and Arabic أَنَا (ʔanā).

Anú tuffác akmé.


air

head

air (+ dative, triggers lenition in certain established phrases)

in certain established phrases (triggers-lenition)
orm (first-person singular)
ormsa (emphatic first-person singular)
ort (second-person singular)
ortsa (emphatic second-person singular)
air (masculine singular third-person)
airsan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)

From a conflation of three Old Irish prepositions:
# ar, air (“for”) (triggering lenition), from Proto-Celtic *ɸare (“in front of”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂i. Cognates include Ancient Greek παρά (pará, “beside”) and English fore.
# for (“on”) (triggering no mutation), from Proto-Celtic *uɸer (“over, on”) (compare Welsh ar, Breton war), from Proto-Indo-European *upér (compare Latin super, Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér), Old English ofer).
# íar (“after”) (triggering eclipsis), from Proto-Celtic *eɸirom (“after, behind”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.
Cognates include Irish ar and Manx er.

dè an t-ainm a tha ort?

what's your name? (literally, “what the name that is on you?”)

tha an t-acras orm

I'm hungry (literally, “the hunger is on me”)

tha falt dubh orra

they have black hair (literally, “black hair is on them”)

tha an cnatan oirre

she has a bad cold (literally, “the cold is on her”)

(idiomatic) Used to indicate inalienable possession, feelings and minor medical conditions


ajo

sq-personal pronoun

ajo f sg (accusative atë, dative asaj, ablative asaj)

atë (accusative)
asaj (dative)
asaj (ablative)
ajo (feminine nominative singular third-person)
asaj (ablative feminine singular third-person)
saj (ablative feminine singular third-person)
atë (accusative feminine singular third-person)
e (accusative clitic feminine singular third-person)
asaj (dative feminine singular third-person)
i (clitic dative feminine singular third-person)
i saj (feminine singular third-person)
i saji (feminine possessive pronoun singular third-person)

From Proto-Albanian *a-jā, compound of proclitic particle a and jā, from *h₁eyéh₂ (compare Latin eā), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey. More at ai.


haar

Afrikaans: haar

From Middle Dutch haer, from Old Dutch hiro, from Proto-Germanic *hezōi.

Ik zeg het tegen haar (1), maar je kunt haar (2) beter nog een mailtje sturen.

(1) accusative personal pronoun, (2) dative personal pronoun

I’ll mention it to her, but you’d better send her a mail as well.

(personal) third-person singular, feminine object pronoun: her


hi

ni (absolutive first-person singular)
hi (absolutive second-person singular)
zu (absolutive second-person singular)
gu (absolutive first-person plural)
zuek (absolutive plural second-person)
nik (ergative first-person singular)
hik (ergative second-person singular)
zuk (ergative second-person singular)
guk (ergative first-person plural)
zuek (ergative plural second-person)
niri (dative first-person singular)
hiri (dative second-person singular)
zuri (dative second-person singular)
guri (dative first-person plural)
zuei (dative plural second-person)
nire (first-person genitive singular)
ene (first-person genitive singular)
hire (genitive second-person singular)
zure (genitive second-person singular)
gure (first-person genitive plural)
zuen (genitive plural second-person)
nirekin (comitative first-person singular)
enekin (comitative first-person singular)
hirekin (comitative second-person singular)
zurekin (comitative second-person singular)
gurekin (comitative first-person plural)
zuekin (comitative plural second-person)
nigatik (causative first-person singular)
niregatik (causative first-person singular)
enegatik (causative first-person singular)
higatik (causative second-person singular)
hiregatik (causative second-person singular)
zugatik (causative second-person singular)
zuregatik (causative second-person singular)
gugatik (causative first-person plural)
guregatik (causative first-person plural)
zuengatik (causative plural second-person)
niretzat (benefactive first-person singular)
niretako (benefactive first-person singular)
enetzat (benefactive first-person singular)
enetako (benefactive first-person singular)
hiretzat (benefactive second-person singular)
hiretako (benefactive second-person singular)
zuretzat (benefactive second-person singular)
zuretako (benefactive second-person singular)
guretzat (benefactive first-person plural)
guretako (benefactive first-person plural)
zuentzat (benefactive plural second-person)
zuendako (benefactive plural second-person)
nitaz (first-person instrumental singular)
hitaz (instrumental second-person singular)
zutaz (instrumental second-person singular)
gutaz (first-person instrumental plural)
zuetaz (instrumental plural second-person)
nigan (first-person inessive singular)
niregan (first-person inessive singular)
nire baitan (first-person inessive singular)
nitan (first-person inessive singular)
enegan (first-person inessive singular)
ene baitan (first-person inessive singular)
higan (inessive second-person singular)
hiregan (inessive second-person singular)
hire baitan (inessive second-person singular)
hitan (inessive second-person singular)
zugan (inessive second-person singular)
zuregan (inessive second-person singular)
zure baitan (inessive second-person singular)
zutan (inessive second-person singular)
gugan (first-person inessive plural)
guregan (first-person inessive plural)
gure baitan (first-person inessive plural)
gutan (first-person inessive plural)
zuengan (inessive plural second-person)
zuen baitan (inessive plural second-person)
zuetan (inessive plural second-person)
nire baitako (first-person locative singular)
ene baitako (first-person locative singular)
hire baitako (locative second-person singular)
gu baitako (locative second-person singular)
gure baitako (locative second-person singular)
zu baitako (first-person locative plural)
zure baitako (first-person locative plural)
zuen baitako (locative plural second-person)
niregana (allative first-person singular)
nireganat (allative first-person singular)
nire baitara (allative first-person singular)
nire baitarat (allative first-person singular)
enegana (allative first-person singular)
eneganat (allative first-person singular)
ene baitara (allative first-person singular)
ene baitarat (allative first-person singular)
hiregana (allative second-person singular)
hireganat (allative second-person singular)
hire baitara (allative second-person singular)
hire baitarat (allative second-person singular)
zugana (allative second-person singular)
zuregana (allative second-person singular)
zuganat (allative second-person singular)
zureganat (allative second-person singular)
zu baitara (allative second-person singular)
zure baitara (allative second-person singular)
zu baitarat (allative second-person singular)
zure baitarat (allative second-person singular)
gugana (allative first-person plural)
guregana (allative first-person plural)
guganat (allative first-person plural)
gureganat (allative first-person plural)
gu baitara (allative first-person plural)
gure baitara (allative first-person plural)
gu baitarat (allative first-person plural)
gure baitarat (allative first-person plural)
zuengana (allative plural second-person)
zuenganat (allative plural second-person)
zuen baitara (allative plural second-person)
zuen baitarat (allative plural second-person)
nireganaino (first-person singular terminative)
nire baitaraino (first-person singular terminative)
eneganaino (first-person singular terminative)
higanaino (second-person singular terminative)
hireganaino (second-person singular terminative)
hire baitaraino (second-person singular terminative)
zuganaino (second-person singular terminative)
zureganaino (second-person singular terminative)
zu baitaraino (second-person singular terminative)
zure baitaraino (second-person singular terminative)
guganaino (first-person plural terminative)
gureganaino (first-person plural terminative)
gu baitaraino (first-person plural terminative)
gure baitaraino (first-person plural terminative)
zuenganaino (plural second-person terminative)
zuen baitaraino (plural second-person terminative)
niganantz (directive first-person singular)
nireganantz (directive first-person singular)
eneganantz (directive first-person singular)
higanantz (directive second-person singular)
hireganantz (directive second-person singular)
zuganantz (directive second-person singular)
zureganantz (directive second-person singular)
guganantz (directive first-person plural)
gureganantz (directive first-person plural)
zuenganantz (directive plural second-person)
niganako (destinative first-person singular)
nireganako (destinative first-person singular)
eneganako (destinative first-person singular)
higanako (destinative second-person singular)
hireganako (destinative second-person singular)
zuganako (destinative second-person singular)
zureganako (destinative second-person singular)
guganako (destinative first-person plural)
gureganako (destinative first-person plural)
zuenganako (destinative plural second-person)
nireganik (ablative first-person singular)
niregandik (ablative first-person singular)
nire baitatik (ablative first-person singular)
nire baitarik (ablative first-person singular)
eneganik (ablative first-person singular)
enegandik (ablative first-person singular)
ene baitatik (ablative first-person singular)
ene baitarik (ablative first-person singular)
higanik (ablative second-person singular)
hireganik (ablative second-person singular)
higandik (ablative second-person singular)
hiregandik (ablative second-person singular)
hire baitatik (ablative second-person singular)
hire baitarik (ablative second-person singular)
zuganik (ablative second-person singular)
zureganik (ablative second-person singular)
zugandik (ablative second-person singular)
zuregandik (ablative second-person singular)
zu baitatik (ablative second-person singular)
zu baitarik (ablative second-person singular)
zure baitatik (ablative second-person singular)
zure baitarik (ablative second-person singular)
guganik (ablative first-person plural)
gureganik (ablative first-person plural)
gugandik (ablative first-person plural)
guregandik (ablative first-person plural)
gu baitatik (ablative first-person plural)
gu baitarik (ablative first-person plural)
gure baitatik (ablative first-person plural)
gure baitarik (ablative first-person plural)
zuenganik (ablative plural second-person)
zuengandik (ablative plural second-person)
zuen baitatik (ablative plural second-person)
zuen baitarik (ablative plural second-person)
neu (absolutive first-person singular)
heu (absolutive second-person singular)
zeu (absolutive second-person singular)
geu (absolutive first-person plural)
zeuek (absolutive plural second-person)
neuk (ergative first-person singular)
heuk (ergative second-person singular)
zeuk (ergative second-person singular)
geuk (ergative first-person plural)
zeuek (ergative plural second-person)
neuri (dative first-person singular)
heuri (dative second-person singular)
zeuri (dative second-person singular)
geuri (dative first-person plural)
zeuei (dative plural second-person)
neure (first-person genitive singular)
heure (genitive second-person singular)
zeure (genitive second-person singular)
geure (first-person genitive plural)
zeuen (genitive plural second-person)
neurekin (comitative first-person singular)
heurekin (comitative second-person singular)
zeurekin (comitative second-person singular)
geurekin (comitative first-person plural)
zeuekin (comitative plural second-person)
neugatik (causative first-person singular)
neuregatik (causative first-person singular)
heugatik (causative second-person singular)
heuregatik (causative second-person singular)
neuretzat (benefactive first-person singular)
neuretako (benefactive first-person singular)
heuretzat (benefactive second-person singular)
heuretako (benefactive second-person singular)
zeuretzat (benefactive second-person singular)
zeuretako (benefactive second-person singular)
geuretzat (benefactive first-person plural)
geuretako (benefactive first-person plural)
zeuentzat (benefactive plural second-person)
zeuendako (benefactive plural second-person)
neutaz (first-person instrumental singular)
heutaz (instrumental second-person singular)
zeutaz (instrumental second-person singular)
geutaz (first-person instrumental plural)
zeuetaz (instrumental plural second-person)
neugan (first-person inessive singular)
heuregan (inessive second-person singular)
heure baitan (inessive second-person singular)
zeugan (inessive second-person singular)
zeuregan (inessive second-person singular)
geugan (first-person inessive plural)
geuregan (first-person inessive plural)
zeuengan (inessive plural second-person)
neure baitako (first-person locative singular)
heure baitako (locative second-person singular)
zeure baitako (locative second-person singular)
geure baitako (first-person locative plural)
zeuen baitako (locative plural second-person)
neuregana (allative first-person singular)
heugana (allative second-person singular)
heuregana (allative second-person singular)
heure baitara (allative second-person singular)
heure baitarat (allative second-person singular)
zeugana (allative second-person singular)
zeuregana (allative second-person singular)
geugana (allative first-person plural)
geuregana (allative first-person plural)
zeuengana (allative plural second-person)
neuregaino (first-person singular terminative)
heuganaino (second-person singular terminative)
heureganaino (second-person singular terminative)
heure baitaraino (second-person singular terminative)
zeuganaino (second-person singular terminative)
zeureganaino (second-person singular terminative)
geuganaino (first-person plural terminative)
geureganaino (first-person plural terminative)
zeuenganaino (plural second-person terminative)
neuganantz (directive first-person singular)
heuganantz (directive second-person singular)
heureganantz (directive second-person singular)
zeuganantz (directive second-person singular)
zeureganantz (directive second-person singular)
geuganantz (directive first-person plural)
geureganantz (directive first-person plural)
zeuenganantz (directive plural second-person)
neureganako (destinative first-person singular)
heuganako (destinative second-person singular)
heureganako (destinative second-person singular)
zeuganako (destinative second-person singular)
zeureganako (destinative second-person singular)
geuganako (destinative first-person plural)
geureganako (destinative first-person plural)
zeuenganako (destinative plural second-person)
neuganik (ablative first-person singular)
neugandik (ablative first-person singular)
heuganik (ablative second-person singular)
heureganik (ablative second-person singular)
heugandik (ablative second-person singular)
heuregandik (ablative second-person singular)
heure baitatik (ablative second-person singular)
heure baitarik (ablative second-person singular)
zeuganik (ablative second-person singular)
zeureganik (ablative second-person singular)
zeugandik (ablative second-person singular)
zeuregandik (ablative second-person singular)
geuganik (ablative first-person plural)
geureganik (ablative first-person plural)
geugandik (ablative first-person plural)
geuregandik (ablative first-person plural)
zeuenganik (ablative plural second-person)
zeuengandik (ablative plural second-person)

(informal, familiar) Second-person singular personal pronoun; you


hi

From Proto-Celtic *sī. Cognate to Welsh hi.


hi

jo (first-person personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
mi (first-person personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
em (direct-object first-person objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
m’ (direct-object first-person objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-me (direct-object enclitic first-person objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’m (direct-object enclitic first-person objective personal pronoun singular weak)
em (first-person indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
m’ (first-person indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-me (enclitic first-person indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’m (enclitic first-person indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular weak)
meu (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
nós (first-person formal majestic personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
ens (direct-object first-person formal majestic objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-nos (direct-object enclitic first-person formal majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’ns (direct-object enclitic first-person formal majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
ens (first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-nos (enclitic first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’ns (enclitic first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
nostre (first-person formal majestic personal possessive pronoun singular)
tu (personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
et (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
t’ (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-te (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’t (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
et (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
t’ (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-te (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’t (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
teu (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
vós (formal personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
us (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-vos (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
-us (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
us (formal indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-vos (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
-us (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
vostre (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
vostè (formal personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
el (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
l’ (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-lo (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’l (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
li (formal indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-li (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
seu (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
ell (masculine personal pronoun singular strong subjective third-person)
el (direct-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
l’ (direct-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-lo (direct-object enclitic masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
’l (direct-object enclitic masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (indirect-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic indirect-object masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
ella (feminine personal pronoun singular strong subjective third-person)
la (direct-object feminine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
l’ (direct-object feminine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-la (direct-object enclitic feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (feminine indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic feminine indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
ho (direct-object neuter objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-ho (direct-object enclitic neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (indirect-object neuter objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic indirect-object neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
si (personal pronoun reflexive singular strong subjective third-person)
es (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
s’ (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
-se (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
’s (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
es (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
s’ (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
-se (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
’s (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
seu (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
nosaltres (first-person personal plural pronoun)
ens (first-person personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-nos (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
’ns (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
nostre (first-person personal plural pronoun)
vosaltres (personal plural pronoun second-person)
us (personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
-vos (enclitic personal plural pronoun second-person)
-us (enclitic personal plural pronoun second-person)
vostre (personal plural pronoun second-person)
vostès (formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
els (formal personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
-los (enclitic formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
’ls (enclitic formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
seu (formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
ells (masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
els (masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-los (enclitic masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
’ls (enclitic masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
seu (masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
elles (feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
les (feminine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-les (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
els (feminine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-los (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
’ls (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
seu (feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
si (personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
es (personal plural proclitic pronoun reflexive third-person)
s’ (personal plural proclitic pronoun reflexive third-person)
-se (enclitic personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
’s (enclitic personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
seu (personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
en (ablative genitive personal plural proclitic pronoun)
n’ (ablative genitive personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-ne (ablative enclitic genitive personal plural pronoun)
’n (ablative enclitic genitive personal plural pronoun)
hi (locative personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-hi (enclitic locative personal plural pronoun)

Inherited from Old Catalan y, i, hic, from Latin hīc (“here”) and ibī (“there”). Compare French y.

(Central) in combination with other object pronouns, the third-person singular indirect object pronoun ("to him", "to her", "to it")


hi

hī (canonical)
ik (first-person nominative singular)
thū (nominative second-person singular)
hī (masculine nominative singular third-person)
hiū (feminine nominative singular third-person)
hiō (feminine nominative singular third-person)
hit (neuter nominative singular third-person)
wī (first-person nominative plural)
jī (nominative plural second-person)
hiā (nominative plural third-person)
mī (accusative first-person singular)
thī (accusative second-person singular)
hine (accusative masculine singular third-person)
hiā (accusative feminine singular third-person)
hit (accusative neuter singular third-person)
ūs (accusative first-person plural)
jū (accusative plural second-person)
jō (accusative plural second-person)
hiā (accusative plural third-person)
mī (dative first-person singular)
thī (dative second-person singular)
him (dative masculine singular third-person)
hire (dative feminine singular third-person)
hiāre (dative feminine singular third-person)
him (dative neuter singular third-person)
ūs (dative first-person plural)
jū (dative plural second-person)
jō (dative plural second-person)
him (dative plural third-person)
hirem (dative plural third-person)
hiārem (dative plural third-person)
mīn (first-person genitive singular)
thīn (genitive second-person singular)
sīn (genitive masculine singular third-person)
hire (feminine genitive singular third-person)
hiāre (feminine genitive singular third-person)
sīn (genitive neuter singular third-person)
ūser (first-person genitive plural)
jūwer (genitive plural second-person)
hira (genitive plural third-person)
hiāra (genitive plural third-person)

North Frisian:

Most dialects: hi, he

Halligen: hii

Saterland Frisian: hie

West Frisian: hy

From Proto-West Germanic *hiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *hiz. Cognates include Old English hē and Old Dutch hie.


hi

From Proto-Celtic *sī (compare Old Irish sí).


whom

head

whom (singular and plural objective case of who)

From Middle English whom, wham, from Old English hwām, hwǣm, from Proto-Germanic *hwammai, dative case of *hwaz (“who, what”). Cognate with Scots wham (“whom”), German wem (“whom, to whom”), Danish hvem (“who, whom”), Swedish vem (“who, whom”).

wie

what person; object of a verb (accusative)

مَنْ

what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)

keiden pl (inflected for some prepositions)

Whom was Lemmy bassist for? Motörhead!

(informal, especially non-US) Also used with names of collective nouns that are groups of people, especially singularly-named musical groups or sports teams.


mine

From Middle English min, myn, from Old English mīn, from Proto-West Germanic *mīn, from Proto-Germanic *mīnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *méynos.
Cognate with Saterland Frisian mien, West Frisian myn, Dutch mijn, Low German mien, German mein, Danish, Swedish and Norwegian min, Icelandic mín.

The house itself is mine, but the land is not.

These books are mine.

Ah, but how beautiful (my baby boy) is! And he is mine, mine for ever. Even if he hates me he will be mine. He cannot help it, he is made out of me; I am his father.

1905, E. M. Forster, Where Angels Fear to Tread, chapter 7

That or those belonging to me.
Used predicatively.

(Attic Greek, possessive adjective with article in appropriate gender and number) ὁ ἐμός (ho emós)

This house of mine is over 100 years old.

double possessive
double possessive#English

That or those belonging to me.
As double possessive.


mine

[…] Flesh and blood, / You, brother mine, that entertain'd ambition, / […]

1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:

Used attributively after the noun it modifies.

Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord: / […]

1862 February, Julia Ward Howe, “The Battle Hymn of the Republic”, in The Atlantic Monthly, volume IX, number LII, page 10:

1930 Winter, Packard Motor Car Company, The Packard Magazine, Volume 9, Number 2, page 6,
Mine host, it seemed, did favors for everybody...

(archaic) My; belonging to me.
Used attributively before a vowel.


mine

I, me; first-person singular absolute pronoun.


mine

Inherited from Middle English min, myn, from Old English mīn, from Proto-West Germanic *mīn, from Proto-Germanic *mīnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *méynos.


ai

sq-personal pronoun

ai m sg (accusative atë, dative atij, ablative atij)

atë (accusative)
atij (dative)
atij (ablative)
ai (masculine nominative singular third-person)
atij (ablative masculine singular third-person)
tij (ablative masculine singular third-person)
atë (accusative masculine singular third-person)
e (accusative clitic masculine singular third-person)
atij (dative masculine singular third-person)
i (clitic dative masculine singular third-person)
i tij (masculine singular third-person)
i tiji (masculine possessive pronoun singular third-person)

From Proto-Albanian *a-ei (compound of proclitic particle *a and an ancient demostrative *ei), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey combined with Proto-Indo-European *ís (“he, this (one)”). Compare Latin is, German er, Lithuanian jìs, Sanskrit अयम् (ayám)).


ai

ai (masculine nominative singular)
ajo (feminine nominative singular)
ata (masculine nominative plural)
ato (feminine nominative plural)
atë (accusative masculine singular)
atë (accusative feminine singular)
ata (accusative masculine plural)
ato (accusative feminine plural)
atij (ablative dative genitive masculine singular)
asaj (ablative dative feminine genitive singular)
atyre (ablative dative genitive masculine plural)
atyre (ablative dative feminine genitive plural)


ai

From Proto-Polynesian *hai. Cognates include Tongan hai and Maori wai.


ai

From Proto-Polynesian *hai. Cognates include Hawaiian ai and Samoan ai.


bee

From Old Frisian bēthe, from Proto-Germanic *bai (“both”) + *sa (“the”). Cognates include West Frisian beide and German beide.


son

„[...] Macht Platz Leute! en Wagen wär' so übel nicht in soner Hitze.“

1857, Der Glücksstern. Novelle von Julie Burow (Frau Pfannenschmidt), Bromberg, page 95

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


son

son (nominative)
sū (genitive)
sū (accusative)
sutnje (illative)
sūs (locative)
suinna (comitative)
sūnin (essive)


son

son (nominative singular)
suäna (dual nominative)
sij (nominative plural)
suu (genitive singular)
suännai (dual genitive)
sij (genitive plural)
suu (accusative singular)
suännaid (accusative dual)
siʹjjid (accusative plural)
suʹnne (illative singular)
suännaid (dual illative)
siʹjjid (illative plural)
suʹst (locative singular)
suännast (dual locative)
siiʹst (locative plural)
suin (comitative singular)
suännain (comitative dual)
siʹjjivuiʹm (comitative plural)
suutää (abessive singular)
suännaitää (abessive dual)
siʹjjitää (abessive plural)
suuʹnen (essive singular)
suännan (dual essive)
suuʹđed (partitive singular)


them

head

them (third-person, personal pronoun, objective case of they)

From Middle English þem, from Old Norse þeim.

ata

third personal plural pronoun used after a preposition or as the object of a verb

nich (genitive, locative after preposition)

jimi (instrumental) nimi (instrumental after preposition)

(indirect object, colloquial; enclitic, becomes glie when used with a direct object) gli

wọ́n

following a complex verb or monosyllabic verb ending in a low- or mid-tone

wọn

following a monosyllabic verb ending in a high tone

hänet

third-person singular pronoun of indeterminate gender

häneltä

she", of which the ones listed are the most frequently used

She treated them for a cold.

(in the plural) Those ones.
Used as the direct object of a verb.

She wrote them a letter.

(in the plural) Those ones.
Used as the indirect object of a verb.

Give it to them.

(in the plural) Those ones.
Used as the object of a preposition.


him

Jamaican Creole: im

Pijin: hem

Pijin: -im

'em for unstressed in some pronunciations.

From Middle English him, from Old English him, from Proto-Germanic *himmai (“to this, to this one”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian him (“him”), West Frisian him (“him”), Sylt North Frisian ham, höm (“him”), Dutch hem (“him”), German Low German hum, hüm, em (“him”), German ihm (“him”, dative).

inh

Now him and Bernie are best friends.

Released a [statement] warning that him and 25,000 troops were going to stage a coup.

(colloquial) As a grammatical subject or object when joined with a conjunction.


him

ech (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular stressed)
mech (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular stressed)
mir (dative first-person personal pronoun singular stressed)
mer (dative first-person personal pronoun singular unstressed)
like dat. and acc. (first-person personal pronoun reflexive singular)
du (informal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
de (informal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
dech (accusative informal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
dir (dative informal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
like dat. and acc. (informal personal pronoun reflexive second-person singular)
Dir (formal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
Der (formal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
Iech (accusative formal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
Iech [əɕ] (accusative formal personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
Iech (dative formal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
Iech [əɕ] (dative formal personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
Iech (formal personal pronoun reflexive second-person singular)
hien (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
en (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
hien (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
en (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
him (dative masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
em (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
sech (masculine personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
si (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
se (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
si (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
se (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
hir (dative feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
er (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
sech (feminine personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
hatt (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
et (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
't (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed clitic)
hatt (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
et (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
't (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed clitic)
him (dative neuter personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
em (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
sech (neuter personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
mir (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun stressed)
mer (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun unstressed)
eis (ons) (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
eis (ons) (dative first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
eis (ons) (first-person personal plural pronoun reflexive)
dir (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
iech (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
iech [əɕ] (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person unstressed)
iech (dative personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
iech [əɕ] (dative personal plural pronoun second-person unstressed)
iech (personal plural pronoun reflexive second-person)
si (nominative personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
se (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person unstressed)
si (accusative personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
se (accusative personal plural pronoun third-person unstressed)
hinnen (dative personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
en (dative personal plural pronoun third-person unstressed)
sech (personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)

Hie war gëschter mat him am Kino.

He went to the cinema with her yesterday.

third-person neuter singular, dative: her, to her; (rarely: it, to it)


him

English: him

Yola: him, ham, em

From Old English him. Originally a dative form; gradually displaced accusative hine.

Third-person singular masculine pronoun indicating a grammatical object: him.

Stille þou be peter. Wel i þe icnowe. / þou wolt fur ſake me þrien . ar þe coc him crowe.

c. 1275, Judas (Roud 2964, Child Ballad 23, Trinity College MS. B.14.39), folio 34, recto, lines 36-37; republished at Cambridge: Wren Digital Library (Trinity College), 2019 May 29:

"Quiet now, Peter. I know you well; / You'll forsake me three times when the cock crows (himself)."

Third-person singular neuter pronoun indicating a grammatical object: it.

(impersonal) Third-person singular neuter pronoun indicating a grammatical object one, you.


man

head

man (accusative en or én, possessive ens or éns)

en (accusative)
én (accusative)
ens (possessive)
éns (possessive)

The same word as the noun mand (“man”). Calque of German man.

Kan man spise dem?

Can one eat them? (i.e., Are they edible?)

Man siger, at huset er hjemsøgt.

you, one, they, people (a general, unspecified person)

I (used modestly instead of the first-person pronoun)

you (used derogatorily instead of the second-person pronoun)


man

From Middle High German man, from Old High German man, from Proto-West Germanic *mann, from Proto-Germanic *mann- (“person”).

Man kann nicht immer kriegen, was man will.

Manchmal muss man Kompromisse machen.

Zumindest sagt man das so...

Kann man es fühlen, wenn man schwanger ist?

2008, Frank Behmeta, Wenn ich die Augen öffne, page 55:

one, you, they (indefinite pronoun, referring to people at large; construed as a third-person singular)


man

From Old English man, reduced form of mann; see Etymology 1 above.

Typically singular, indefinite pronoun: one, you (indefinite).


man

From an unstressed variant of Old Frisian mon (“man”). Compare Dutch men and German man.

Sjooët, n Maiden skäl n Bäiden undfange, n Súun skäl ju uurwinne, un man skäl him dän Nome Immanuel reke, dät hat uursät: God is mäd uus.

2000, Marron C. Fort, transl., Dät Näie Tästamänt un do Psoolme in ju aasterlauwerfräiske Uurtoal fon dät Seelterlound, Fräislound, Butjoarlound, Aastfräislound un do Groninger Umelounde [The New Testament and the Psalms in the East Frisian language, native to Saterland, Friesland, Butjadingen, East Frisia and the Ommelanden of Groningen], →ISBN, Dät Evangelium ätter Matthäus 1:23:

Behold, a virgin shall become pregnant with a child, she will give birth to a son, and they shall give him the name Immanuel, which is translated: God is with us.


to

to (second person informal singular, plural vouzòt, ouzòt, zòt, zo, objective twa, possessive determiner tô, possessive pronoun tokin, tochin)

vouzòt (plural)
ouzòt (plural)
zòt (plural)
zo (plural)
twa (objective)
tô (determiner possessive)
tokin (possessive pronoun without-noun)
tochin (possessive pronoun without-noun)

To té paʼlé gra. / To te pale gra.

You spoke with an accent. (literally: "You had spoken thick.")


to

Polish: to

Silesian: to

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *to. First attested in the 14th century.

then (in that case, used in if constructions)


to

Inherited from Old Polish to. Cognate with Czech to, Russian то (to), Ancient Greek τό (tó), German das, dass, English that.

Janek to mój brat.

Górnicy to jest takie specyficzne społeczeństwo.

used to attribute to the known object a characteristic that helps one know more about the topic; may optionally be followed by jest [with nominative]

Nasze straty są minimalne, ale bez śmierci się nie obejdzie. Wojna to wojna.

Our losses are minimal but some casualties are inevitable. War is war.

No, ale rozkaz to rozkaz. Nie mnie podważać.

Well, but an order is an order. Not for me to question.

used to indicate that the subject of the conversation has peculiarities which are familiar to the interlocutors, so that nothing else needs to be said about it in order to understand the topic

Coordinate term: jeśli

„Wiem, co chcę zrobić.” „To to zrób”.

“I know what I want to do.” “Then do it.”

Jeśli to zrobisz, to daj mi znać.

„Jeżeli zbuduję sobie kiedyś własny dom, to właśnie taki” – myślałam.

“If I ever build my own house one day, this is the one,” I thought.

in that case, then (used in if-constructions)


to

Parę razy mi się udało. Z jedną to nawet bardzo.

I have succeeded a couple of times. With one it was even very successful.

used to indicate what one is talking about

W tych ścianach to ona była królową i musiała mieć królewskie wejście.

Within these walls, it was her who was the queen and had to have a royal entrance.

used to indicate what can be said about the topic, in contrast to all that cannot be said about it


from

Alternative form of faram (“along with me, beside me; in addition to me; as good as me”)


us

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *n̥smé
Proto-Germanic *uns
Old English ūs
Middle English us
English us
From Middle English us, from Old English ūs (“us”, dative personal pronoun), from Proto-Germanic *uns (“us”), from Proto-Indo-European *ne-, *nō-, *n-ge-, *n̥smé (“us”). The compensatory lengthening was lost in Middle English due to the word being unstressed while being used. Cognate with Saterland Frisian uus (“us”), West Frisian us, ús (“us”), Low German us (“us”), Dutch ons (“us”), German uns (“us”), Danish os (“us”), Latin nōs (“we, us”).

inh

my very educated mother just served us nachos

my very educated mother just served us nine pizzas

my very educated mother just served us nine pumpkins

my very educated mother just served us noodles

my very excellent mother just served us nine pizzas

Forasmuch as many have taken in hand to set forth in order a declaration of those things which are most surely believed among us...

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Luke 1:1:

Who's there? —Us. (or) —It's us.
Who's going to go? —Us. We'll go.

Used where "me" would be used instead of "I", e.g. for the pronoun in isolation or as the complement of the copula

(personal) Me and at least one other person; the objective case of we.

Give us a look at your paper.

Give us your wallet!

She's turned the weans against us!

(Commonwealth, colloquial, chiefly with give) Me.

Look at us while you’re speaking to us.

Could you do that for us?


us

It's not good enough for us teachers.

The speakers/writers, or the speaker/writer and at least one other person.


us

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


us

head

us (proclitic and contracted enclitic, enclitic vos)

vos (enclitic)
jo (first-person personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
mi (first-person personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
em (direct-object first-person objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
m’ (direct-object first-person objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-me (direct-object enclitic first-person objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’m (direct-object enclitic first-person objective personal pronoun singular weak)
em (first-person indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
m’ (first-person indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-me (enclitic first-person indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’m (enclitic first-person indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular weak)
meu (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
nós (first-person formal majestic personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
ens (direct-object first-person formal majestic objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-nos (direct-object enclitic first-person formal majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’ns (direct-object enclitic first-person formal majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
ens (first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-nos (enclitic first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’ns (enclitic first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
nostre (first-person formal majestic personal possessive pronoun singular)
tu (personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
et (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
t’ (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-te (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’t (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
et (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
t’ (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-te (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’t (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
teu (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
vós (formal personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
us (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-vos (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
-us (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
us (formal indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-vos (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
-us (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
vostre (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
vostè (formal personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
el (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
l’ (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-lo (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’l (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
li (formal indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-li (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
seu (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
ell (masculine personal pronoun singular strong subjective third-person)
el (direct-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
l’ (direct-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-lo (direct-object enclitic masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
’l (direct-object enclitic masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (indirect-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic indirect-object masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
ella (feminine personal pronoun singular strong subjective third-person)
la (direct-object feminine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
l’ (direct-object feminine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-la (direct-object enclitic feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (feminine indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic feminine indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
ho (direct-object neuter objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-ho (direct-object enclitic neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (indirect-object neuter objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic indirect-object neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
si (personal pronoun reflexive singular strong subjective third-person)
es (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
s’ (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
-se (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
’s (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
es (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
s’ (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
-se (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
’s (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
seu (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
nosaltres (first-person personal plural pronoun)
ens (first-person personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-nos (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
’ns (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
nostre (first-person personal plural pronoun)
vosaltres (personal plural pronoun second-person)
us (personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
-vos (enclitic personal plural pronoun second-person)
-us (enclitic personal plural pronoun second-person)
vostre (personal plural pronoun second-person)
vostès (formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
els (formal personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
-los (enclitic formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
’ls (enclitic formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
seu (formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
ells (masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
els (masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-los (enclitic masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
’ls (enclitic masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
seu (masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
elles (feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
les (feminine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-les (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
els (feminine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-los (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
’ls (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
seu (feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
si (personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
es (personal plural proclitic pronoun reflexive third-person)
s’ (personal plural proclitic pronoun reflexive third-person)
-se (enclitic personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
’s (enclitic personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
seu (personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
en (ablative genitive personal plural proclitic pronoun)
n’ (ablative genitive personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-ne (ablative enclitic genitive personal plural pronoun)
’n (ablative enclitic genitive personal plural pronoun)
hi (locative personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-hi (enclitic locative personal plural pronoun)


us

English: us

Scots: us, hus

Yola: ouse, ouz, uz

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *n̥smé
Proto-Germanic *uns
Old English ūs
Middle English us
From Old English ūs (“us”, dative personal pronoun), from Proto-Germanic *uns (“us”), from Proto-Indo-European *ne-, *nō-, *n-ge-, *n-sme- (“us”).

etymon

First-person plural accusative pronoun: us.


us

Inherited from Middle English us, from Old English ūs (“us”, dative personal pronoun), from Proto-Germanic *uns (“us”), from Proto-Indo-European *ne-, *nō-, *n-ge-, *n̥smé (“us”).


whose

From Middle English whos, from Old English hwæs, from Proto-Germanic *hwes, genitive case of *hwaz (“who”) *hwat (“what”).


saya

From Malay saya, from earlier sahaya, from Sanskrit सहाय (sahāya).

Saya akan pergi ke kebun.

Mereka suka bercanda dengan saya.

Atasan saya sedang sibuk.

(polite) First person singular pronoun: I, me, my


saya

From Malay saya, from earlier sahaya, from Sanskrit सहाय (sahāya, “companion, follower, assistant”).

der

Notes:The short forms are mostly dependant.The second pronouns is avoided when speaking politely

older.See each entry for more information.


as

Cas as an raidió.

Chuir mé an solas as.

off (in or into a state of non-operation or non-existence: of a machine, light, etc.)

Tá an tine as.

out (in or into a state of non-operation or non-existence: of a fire, etc.)


pen

themselves (third-person plural reflexive pronoun)


an

From Old Norse hann. Cognate with Swedish han.


an

head

an (triggers eclipsis, takes a leniting relative clause)

Is demniu liunn a n-ad·chiam hua sulib ol·daas an ro·chluinemmar hua chluasaib.

What we see with the eyes is more certain for us than what we hear with the ears.


dia

Middle Irish: dia

Irish: dá

Manx: dy

Scottish Gaelic: nan


ia

From Proto-Polynesian *ia, from Proto-Oceanic *ia, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *ia, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *ia, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(si-)ia, from Proto-Austronesian *(si-)ia.


ia

From Proto-Polynesian *ia. Cognates include Hawaiian ia and Samoan ia.

Ko kimatou, ia tagata o Tokelau, e takutino

1948, Tūlāfono fakavae a Tokelau [Constitution of Tokelau], page 1:


ia

Proto-Nuclear Polynesian:

Proto-Eastern Polynesian:

Marquesic

Hawaiian: ia

Tahitic

Maori: ia

Rapa Nui: ia

Samoic-Outlier

Ellicean

Tuvaluan: ia

Samoic

Samoan: ia

Tokelauan: ia

Tongic

Niuean: ia

Tongan: ia

From Proto-Central Pacific *ia, from Proto-Oceanic *ia, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *ia, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *ia, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(si-)ia, from Proto-Austronesian *(si-)ia.


ia

Proto-Nuclear Polynesian:

Proto-Eastern Polynesian:

Marquesic

Hawaiian: ia

Tahitic

Maori: ia

Tongic

Niuean: ia

Tongan: ia

From Proto-Oceanic [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ia.