hij

ik (first-person personal pronoun singular stressed subjective)
'k (first-person personal pronoun singular subjective unstressed)
mij (first-person objective personal pronoun singular stressed)
me (first-person objective personal pronoun singular unstressed)
mijn (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular stressed)
m'n (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular unstressed)
mijne (first-person personal possessive predicative pronoun)
me (first-person personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive)
mijner (archaic first-person genitive personal predicative pronoun)
mijns (archaic first-person genitive personal predicative pronoun)
jij (personal pronoun second-person singular stressed subjective)
je (personal pronoun second-person singular subjective unstressed)
jou (objective personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
je (objective personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
jouw (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular stressed)
je (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
jouwe (personal possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
je (personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
jouwer (archaic genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
jouws (archaic genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
gij (archaic dialectal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed subjective)
ge (archaic dialectal personal pronoun second-person singular subjective unstressed)
u (archaic dialectal objective personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uw (archaic dialectal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uwe (archaic dialectal personal possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
u (archaic dialectal personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
uwer (archaic dialectal genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
uws (archaic dialectal genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
u (formal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed subjective)
u (formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uw (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uwe (formal personal possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
zich (formal personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
uwer (archaic formal genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
uws (archaic formal genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
hij (masculine personal pronoun singular stressed subjective third-person)
ie (masculine personal pronoun singular subjective third-person unstressed)
hem (masculine objective personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
'm (masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zijn (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular stressed third-person)
z'n (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zijne (masculine personal possessive predicative pronoun third-person)
zich (masculine personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive third-person)
zijner (archaic genitive masculine personal predicative pronoun third-person)
zijns (archaic genitive masculine personal predicative pronoun third-person)
zij (feminine personal pronoun singular stressed subjective third-person)
ze (feminine personal pronoun singular subjective third-person unstressed)
haar (feminine objective personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
h'r (feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
'r (feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
d'r (feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
haar (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular stressed third-person)
h'r (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
'r (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
d'r (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
hare (feminine personal possessive predicative pronoun third-person)
zich (feminine personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive third-person)
harer (archaic feminine genitive personal predicative pronoun third-person)
haars (archaic feminine genitive personal predicative pronoun third-person)
het (neuter personal pronoun singular stressed subjective third-person)
't (neuter personal pronoun singular subjective third-person unstressed)
het (neuter objective personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
't (neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zijn (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular stressed third-person)
z'n (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zijne (neuter personal possessive predicative pronoun third-person)
zich (neuter personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive third-person)
zijner (archaic genitive neuter personal predicative pronoun third-person)
zijns (archaic genitive neuter personal predicative pronoun third-person)
wij (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
we (first-person personal plural pronoun unstressed)
ons (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
onze (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
onze (first-person personal plural possessive predicative pronoun)
ons (first-person personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive)
onzer (archaic first-person genitive personal plural predicative pronoun)
onzes (archaic first-person genitive personal plural predicative pronoun)
jullie (personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
je (personal plural pronoun second-person unstressed)
je (personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
gij (archaic dialectal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
ge (archaic dialectal personal plural pronoun second-person unstressed)
u (archaic dialectal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uw (archaic dialectal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uwe (archaic dialectal personal plural possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
u (archaic dialectal personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
uwer (archaic dialectal genitive personal plural predicative pronoun second-person)
uws (archaic dialectal genitive personal plural predicative pronoun second-person)
u (formal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uw (formal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uwe (formal personal plural possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
zich (formal personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
uwer (archaic formal genitive personal plural predicative pronoun second-person)
uws (archaic formal genitive personal plural predicative pronoun second-person)
zij (personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
ze (personal plural pronoun third-person unstressed)
hen (personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
hun (personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
hunne (personal plural possessive predicative pronoun third-person)
zich (personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive third-person)
hunner (archaic genitive personal plural predicative pronoun third-person)
huns (archaic genitive personal plural predicative pronoun third-person)

Afrikaans: hy

Javindo: hij, gij

Jersey Dutch: hai, he

Petjo: hij

From Middle Dutch hi, from Old Dutch hie, hē, from Proto-West Germanic *hiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *hiz. Doublet of ie.

Hij loopt.

De tafel is duur omdat hij van glas is gemaakt.

The table is expensive because it is made of glass.

Third-person singular, masculine, subjective: he


ik

Afrikaans: ek

Berbice Creole Dutch: eke

Jersey Dutch: äk

Petjo: ik

Skepi Creole Dutch: ek

From Middle Dutch ic, from Old Dutch ik, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Compare Low German ik, West Frisian ik, German ich, English I, Danish jeg.
See I (English, etymology 3).

I (first-person singular personal pronoun)

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache


ik

ik (ek) (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
mî (mê, mik, mek) (accusative dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
mîn (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
mîner (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
dû (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
dî (dê, dik, dek) (accusative dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
dîn (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
dîner (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
hê (hî, hie) (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
ēne (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
en (ȫne, ȫn) (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ēme (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
em (ȫme, en) (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
sîn (genitive masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
sîner (genitive masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
it (et) (accusative neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
ēme (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
em (ȫme, en) (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
sîn (genitive neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
sîner (genitive neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
sê (sî, sie, sü̂) (accusative feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
ēre (dative feminine genitive personal pronoun singular third-person)
ēr (ērer, ȫrer) (dative feminine genitive personal pronoun singular third-person)
wî (wê, wie) (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
uns (ûs, ös, ü̂sik) (accusative dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
unser (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
ûser (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
gî (jê, î) (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
jû (jûwe, û, jük, gik) (accusative dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
jûwer (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
ûwer (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
sê (sî, sie) (accusative nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
em (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
öm (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
jüm (en, ēnen, ȫnen) (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
ēre (genitive personal plural pronoun third-person)
ēr (ērer, ȫrer) (genitive personal plural pronoun third-person)

Low German: ik

German Low German: ik, ek

Low Prussian: eck, öck


ik

ik (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
my (first-person objective personal pronoun singular)
mysels (first-person objective personal pronoun reflexive singular)
myn (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
mines (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
do (informal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
dû (informal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
dy (informal objective personal pronoun second-person singular)
dysels (informal objective personal pronoun reflexive second-person singular)
dyn (informal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
dines (informal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
jo (formal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
jo (formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular)
josels (formal objective personal pronoun reflexive second-person singular)
jo (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
jowes (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
hy (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
him (masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person)
himsels (masculine objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
syn (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
sines (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
sy (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
hja (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
har (feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person)
harsels (feminine objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
har (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
harres (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
it (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
it (neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person)
himsels (neuter objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
syn (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
sines (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
wy (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
ús (first-person objective personal plural pronoun)
ússels (first-person objective personal plural pronoun reflexive)
ús (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
uzes (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
jim (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
jimme (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
jim (objective personal plural pronoun second-person)
jimme (objective personal plural pronoun second-person)
jimsels (objective personal plural pronoun reflexive second-person)
jinsels (objective personal plural pronoun reflexive second-person)
jim (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
jimme (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
jimmes (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
sy (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
hja (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
har (objective personal plural pronoun third-person)
harren (objective personal plural pronoun third-person)
harsels (objective personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
har (personal plural possessive pronoun third-person)
harren (personal plural possessive pronoun third-person)
harres (personal plural possessive pronoun third-person)
^ Now mostly archaic and unused (personal pronoun)

From Old Frisian ik, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

I (first person singular nominative pronoun)


het

From Middle Dutch dat, which was contracted to 't in usual speech. This form was later interpreted as being the same as the neuter pronoun het (etymology 2, see below), which was contracted in the same way. This then led to the modern merge with het, which some might see as being unetymological.

het boek

het meisje


het

Jersey Dutch: hät, it

From Middle Dutch het, hit, from Old Dutch it, hit, from Proto-Germanic *it, *hit.

1) Not as common in written language.2) Inflected as an adjective.3) In prescriptivist use

used only as direct object.4) In prescriptivist use

and in fixed expressions.6) To differentiate from the singular gij

gelle and variants are commonly used colloquially in Belgium. Archaic forms are gijlieden and gijlui ().

Het is een mooi huis, maar een beetje klein.

it; third-person singular, neuter, subjective

Kun je het goed zien?

Ik doe het als jij het wilt.

I'll do it if you want it. (i.e. "if you want me to")

Het katje heeft honger, geef het een boterham.

The kitty is hungry, give it a sandwich.

it; third-person singular, neuter, objective

Het is laat.

Het regent alweer.

Hoe gaat het?


het

het (nominative singular)
hetit (nominative plural)
het (accusative nominative singular)
hetit (accusative nominative plural)
hetin (accusative genitive singular)
hetit (accusative genitive plural)
hetin (genitive singular)
hetien (genitive plural)
hetiä (partitive singular)
hetejä (partitive plural)
hetissä (inessive singular)
heteissä (inessive plural)
hetistä (elative singular)
heteistä (elative plural)
hetiin (illative singular)
heteihin (illative plural)
hetillä (adessive singular)
heteillä (adessive plural)
hetiltä (ablative singular)
heteiltä (ablative plural)
hetille (allative singular)
heteille (allative plural)
hetinä (essive singular)
heteinä (essive plural)
hetiksi (singular translative)
heteiksi (plural translative)
hetittä (abessive singular)
heteittä (abessive plural)
hetein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
hetini (nominative singular)
hetini (nominative plural)
hetini (accusative nominative singular)
hetini (accusative nominative plural)
hetini (accusative genitive singular)
hetini (accusative genitive plural)
hetini (genitive singular)
hetieni (genitive plural)
hetiäni (partitive singular)
hetejäni (partitive plural)
hetissäni (inessive singular)
heteissäni (inessive plural)
hetistäni (elative singular)
heteistäni (elative plural)
hetiini (illative singular)
heteihini (illative plural)
hetilläni (adessive singular)
heteilläni (adessive plural)
hetiltäni (ablative singular)
heteiltäni (ablative plural)
hetilleni (allative singular)
heteilleni (allative plural)
hetinäni (essive singular)
heteinäni (essive plural)
hetikseni (singular translative)
heteikseni (plural translative)
hetittäni (abessive singular)
heteittäni (abessive plural)
heteineni (comitative plural)
hetisi (nominative singular)
hetisi (nominative plural)
hetisi (accusative nominative singular)
hetisi (accusative nominative plural)
hetisi (accusative genitive singular)
hetisi (accusative genitive plural)
hetisi (genitive singular)
hetiesi (genitive plural)
hetiäsi (partitive singular)
hetejäsi (partitive plural)
hetissäsi (inessive singular)
heteissäsi (inessive plural)
hetistäsi (elative singular)
heteistäsi (elative plural)
hetiisi (illative singular)
heteihisi (illative plural)
hetilläsi (adessive singular)
heteilläsi (adessive plural)
hetiltäsi (ablative singular)
heteiltäsi (ablative plural)
hetillesi (allative singular)
heteillesi (allative plural)
hetinäsi (essive singular)
heteinäsi (essive plural)
hetiksesi (singular translative)
heteiksesi (plural translative)
hetittäsi (abessive singular)
heteittäsi (abessive plural)
heteinesi (comitative plural)
hetimme (nominative singular)
hetimme (nominative plural)
hetimme (accusative nominative singular)
hetimme (accusative nominative plural)
hetimme (accusative genitive singular)
hetimme (accusative genitive plural)
hetimme (genitive singular)
hetiemme (genitive plural)
hetiämme (partitive singular)
hetejämme (partitive plural)
hetissämme (inessive singular)
heteissämme (inessive plural)
hetistämme (elative singular)
heteistämme (elative plural)
hetiimme (illative singular)
heteihimme (illative plural)
hetillämme (adessive singular)
heteillämme (adessive plural)
hetiltämme (ablative singular)
heteiltämme (ablative plural)
hetillemme (allative singular)
heteillemme (allative plural)
hetinämme (essive singular)
heteinämme (essive plural)
hetiksemme (singular translative)
heteiksemme (plural translative)
hetittämme (abessive singular)
heteittämme (abessive plural)
heteinemme (comitative plural)
hetinne (nominative singular)
hetinne (nominative plural)
hetinne (accusative nominative singular)
hetinne (accusative nominative plural)
hetinne (accusative genitive singular)
hetinne (accusative genitive plural)
hetinne (genitive singular)
hetienne (genitive plural)
hetiänne (partitive singular)
hetejänne (partitive plural)
hetissänne (inessive singular)
heteissänne (inessive plural)
hetistänne (elative singular)
heteistänne (elative plural)
hetiinne (illative singular)
heteihinne (illative plural)
hetillänne (adessive singular)
heteillänne (adessive plural)
hetiltänne (ablative singular)
heteiltänne (ablative plural)
hetillenne (allative singular)
heteillenne (allative plural)
hetinänne (essive singular)
heteinänne (essive plural)
hetiksenne (singular translative)
heteiksenne (plural translative)
hetittänne (abessive singular)
heteittänne (abessive plural)
heteinenne (comitative plural)
hetinsä (nominative singular)
hetinsä (nominative plural)
hetinsä (accusative nominative singular)
hetinsä (accusative nominative plural)
hetinsä (accusative genitive singular)
hetinsä (accusative genitive plural)
hetinsä (genitive singular)
hetiensä (genitive plural)
hetiään (partitive singular)
hetiänsä (partitive singular)
hetejään (partitive plural)
hetejänsä (partitive plural)
hetissään (inessive singular)
hetissänsä (inessive singular)
heteissään (inessive plural)
heteissänsä (inessive plural)
hetistään (elative singular)
hetistänsä (elative singular)
heteistään (elative plural)
heteistänsä (elative plural)
hetiinsä (illative singular)
heteihinsä (illative plural)
hetillään (adessive singular)
hetillänsä (adessive singular)
heteillään (adessive plural)
heteillänsä (adessive plural)
hetiltään (ablative singular)
hetiltänsä (ablative singular)
heteiltään (ablative plural)
heteiltänsä (ablative plural)
hetilleen (allative singular)
hetillensä (allative singular)
heteilleen (allative plural)
heteillensä (allative plural)
hetinään (essive singular)
hetinänsä (essive singular)
heteinään (essive plural)
heteinänsä (essive plural)
hetikseen (singular translative)
hetiksensä (singular translative)
heteikseen (plural translative)
heteiksensä (plural translative)
hetittään (abessive singular)
hetittänsä (abessive singular)
heteittään (abessive plural)
heteittänsä (abessive plural)
heteineen (comitative plural)
heteinensä (comitative plural)

heth (eighth letter of the Hebrew and Phoenician scripts and the Northwest Semitic abjad)


het

hän (nominative singular)
het (nominative plural)
hänen (genitive singular)
heiđän (genitive plural)
heän (genitive plural)
häntä (partitive singular)
heitä (partitive plural)
hänen (accusative singular)
heiđät (accusative plural)
heät (accusative plural)
hänheen (illative singular)
heihin (illative plural)
hänessä (inessive singular)
heissä (inessive plural)
hänestä (elative singular)
heistä (elative plural)
hänele (allative singular)
hänelet (allative singular)
hälle (allative singular)
hället (allative singular)
heile (allative plural)
heilet (allative plural)
hänelä (adessive singular)
hällä (adessive singular)
heillä (adessive plural)
häneltä (ablative singular)
hältä (ablative singular)
heiltä (ablative plural)
hänenä (singular translative)
heinä (plural translative)
häneksi (essive singular)
heiksi (essive plural)
hänettä (abessive singular)
heittä (abessive plural)

From Finnish he, from Proto-Finnic *hek.


everybody

Selwyn, sitting up rumpled and cross-legged on the floor, after having boloed Drina to everybody's exquisite satisfaction, looked around at the sudden rustle of skirts to catch a glimpse of a vanishing figure—a glimmer of ruddy hair and the white curve of a youthful face, half-buried in a muff.

1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter I, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:


whatever

From Middle English whatever. By surface analysis, what + ever.

Whatever doubts I had were quickly dispelled.

Write down whatever thoughts come into your mind.

So may whatever tempest mars
Mid-ocean, spare thee, sacred bark;
And balmy drops in summer dark
Slide from the bosom of the stars.

1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto XVII, page 28:

Whatever utility the work may have outside of its stated boundaries will be largely because of such a nonprovincial approach.

1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, page viii:

In an expression that reflects the pathos of a person without memory of a recent past, Milner quotes H.M. as saying, "Every day is alone in itself, whatever enjoyment I've had, and whatever sorrow I've had Right now, I'm wondering. Have I done or said anything amiss? That's what worries me. It's like waking from a dream; I just don't remember."

1997, Warren S. Brown, Nancey C. Murphy, H. Newton Malony, Whatever Happened to the Soul?:, page 115:

Any ... that; of no matter what type or kind that.

He must be stopped, whatever the cost.


whatever

So you don't like Mrs Jones. Whatever. What's that got to do with my question?

Go brush your teeth. – Whatever!

"It's not silk, it's muslin." "Whatever."

1991 January 20, Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine, page 66:

Yeah, whatever you old dried up fat hog.

1998 June 3, “Conjoined Fetus Lady”, in South Park, season 2, episode 5:

(colloquial) A holophrastic expression used to dismiss something that the speaker doesn't care about, doesn't think important, or doesn't want to consider or discuss any further.

طُز

indicating the speaker does not care what someone says


whatever

en-adj

whatever (comparative more whatever, superlative most whatever)

more whatever (comparative)
most whatever (superlative)

All in all, I guess I shouldn't be complaining, but the rest of the show, imho, was very whatever-ish.

1996, Mathias, “Lake Placid Comments”, in rec.music.phish (Usenet):

She's like so whatever / You can do so much better

2007, Avril Lavigne (lyrics and music), “Girlfriend”, in The Best Damn Thing:

(colloquial) Unexceptional or unimportant; blah.


dat

Petjo: dat

Skepi Creole Dutch: dat

From Middle Dutch dat, from Old Dutch that, from Proto-Germanic *þat, neuter form of *sa.
Cognate with German das, English that.

Wat is dat?


dat

A regional form adopted into colloquial standard German. In western Germany from Central Franconian dat, from northern Middle High German dat, from northern Old High German that, dat, an unshifted relict form possibly due to Frankish influence. In northern Germany from German Low German dat, from Middle Low German dat, from Old Saxon that.

Gibste mir ma’ dat Wasser?

(colloquial, regional, also Ruhrdeutsch) Alternative form of das


dat

Dat weiß ich nich'.

(colloquial, regional) Alternative form of das


dat

Ich glaub, dat der 'n bisschen übertreibt.

I believe that he's exaggerating a little.

(colloquial, regional) Alternative form of dass


dat

Dutch: dat, het

Afrikaans: dat

Limburgish: det

From Old Dutch that, from Proto-Germanic *þat.


few

head

few (comparative fewer or less, superlative fewest or least)

fewer (comparative)
less (comparative)
fewest (superlative)
least (superlative)

From Middle English fewe, from Old English fēaw (“few”), from Proto-West Germanic *fau, from Proto-Germanic *fawaz (“few”), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- (“few, small”).
Cognate with Old Saxon fā (“few”), Old High German fao, fō (“few, little”), Old Norse fár (“few”), Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍃 (faus, “few”). Also related with Latin paucus (“little, few”) and pauper (“poor”), from which latter English poor and pauper; see these.

der

you've got to crack a few eggs to make an omelette

There are very few people who understand quantum theory.

I was expecting a big crowd at the party, but very few people (=almost none) turned up.

Your men are valiant but their number few,
And cannot terrifie his mightie hoſt, […]

c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act III, scene iii:

Already we're seeing fewer cache misses by avoiding creating cache entries for the idle task and expect to see even fewer with changes to the TLB reload code to uncache the page tables.

1999, Proceedings of the Third Symposium on Operating Systems:

However, the above passage could have been written more efficiently — if Strunkian concision, using the fewest words possible, is understood as the measure of verbal efficiency.

2020, Victoria Rosner, Machines for Living: Modernism and Domestic Life, page 62:

(used alone) Not many; a small (in comparison with another number stated or implied) but somewhat indefinite number of.


may

may (infinitive)
maq (agentive)
maspa (participle present)
masqa (participle past)
mana (future participle)
mani (first-person indicative present singular)
manki (indicative present second-person singular)
man (indicative present singular third-person)
manchik (first-person inclusive indicative plural present)
mayku (exclusive first-person indicative plural present)
maniku (exclusive first-person indicative plural present)
mankichik (indicative plural present second-person)
manku (indicative plural present third-person)
marqani (first-person indicative past singular)
marqanki (indicative past second-person singular)
marqan (indicative past singular third-person)
marqanchik (first-person inclusive indicative past plural)
marqayku (exclusive first-person indicative past plural)
marqaniku (exclusive first-person indicative past plural)
marqankichik (indicative past plural second-person)
marqanku (indicative past plural third-person)
masqani (first-person indicative past singular)
masqanki (indicative past second-person singular)
masqan (indicative past singular third-person)
masqanchik (first-person inclusive indicative past plural)
masqayku (exclusive first-person indicative past plural)
masqaniku (exclusive first-person indicative past plural)
masqankichik (indicative past plural second-person)
masqanku (indicative past plural third-person)
masaq (first-person future indicative singular)
manki (future indicative second-person singular)
manqa (future indicative singular third-person)
masunchik (first-person future inclusive indicative plural)
masaqku (exclusive first-person future indicative plural)
mankichik (future indicative plural second-person)
manqaku (future indicative plural third-person)
may (imperative second-person singular)
machun (imperative singular third-person)
masun (first-person imperative inclusive plural)
masunchik (first-person imperative inclusive plural)
maychik (imperative plural second-person)
machunku (imperative plural third-person)
ama (imperative negative second-person singular)
maychu (imperative negative second-person singular)
ama (imperative negative singular third-person)
machunchu (imperative negative singular third-person)
ama masunchu (first-person imperative inclusive negative plural)
ama masunchikchu (first-person imperative inclusive negative plural)
ama (imperative negative plural second-person)
maychikchu (imperative negative plural second-person)
ama (imperative negative plural third-person)
machunkuchu (imperative negative plural third-person)


tao

From Proto-Vietic *soː (“I; me”). Cognate with Thavung โซว.
There are 1st person single pronouns in Northern Austroasiatic branches with back vocalism and null-initial such as Mang ʔuː⁴, Khmu [Cuang] ʔoʔ, Riang [Sak] ʔoʔ¹, Pnar o. However, the only case of competing *s- vs. null-onset in Vietic is Proto-Vietic *suh ~ *ʔuh (“nest”), which gave rise to Vietnamese tổ and ổ respectively.

(impolite, familiar, disrespectful or hostile) I/me


ami

ami (nominative singular)
amik (nominative plural)
amit (accusative singular)
amiket (accusative plural)
aminek (dative singular)
amiknek (dative plural)
amivel (instrumental singular)
amikkel (instrumental plural)
amiért (causal-final singular)
amikért (causal-final plural)
amivé (singular translative)
amikké (plural translative)
amiig (singular terminative)
amikig (plural terminative)
amiként (essive-formal singular)
amikként (essive-formal plural)
amiben (inessive singular)
amikben (inessive plural)
amin (singular superessive)
amiken (plural superessive)
aminél (adessive singular)
amiknél (adessive plural)
amibe (illative singular)
amikbe (illative plural)
amire (singular sublative)
amikre (plural sublative)
amihez (allative singular)
amikhez (allative plural)
amiből (elative singular)
amikből (elative plural)
amiről (delative singular)
amikről (delative plural)
amitől (ablative singular)
amiktől (ablative plural)
amié (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
amiké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
amiéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
amikéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
amim (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
amijeim (or amiim) (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
amid (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
amijeid (or amiid) (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
amije (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
amijei (or amii) (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
amink (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
amijeink (or amiink) (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
amitek (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
amijeitek (or amiitek) (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
amijük (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
amijeik (or amiik) (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)


a-

L means this form triggers lenition.N means this form triggers nasalization(N) means this form triggers nasalization in some texts but not in others.


thou

Butch [Cassidy] gave him 3 thous in cash 1 thous for the lawyer another thous if the lawyer wins & 1 thous for Tom O'Day.

1977, Larry Pointer, “Belle Fourche”, in In Search of Butch Cassidy (Red River Books), Norman, Okla.: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1988, →ISBN, page 132:

He has a few thou in the account, enough to make your everyday living expenses, not enough to keep current with the bigger bills.

1999, Don Winslow, chapter 58, in California Fire and Life, New York, N.Y.: Alfred A. Knopf, →ISBN; 1st Vintage Crime/Black Lizard edition, New York, N.Y.: Vintage Books, September 2007, →ISBN, page 169:

Well, we'll need a few thou, Carlos. Got to get together a few thou first. For rent, you know. Rent and making contacts with artists, all that.

2000 November, Sheri S[tewart] Tepper, “Benita”, in The Fresco, New York, N.Y.: Eos, HarperCollins, →ISBN; 1st Eos paperback edition, New York, N.Y.: Eos, HarperCollins, February 2002, →ISBN, page 17:

(slang) A thousand, especially a thousand of some currency (dollars, pounds sterling, etc.).


inc

From Old English inc, dative form of ġit, from Proto-Germanic *inkwiz, dative form of *jut. Initial /j/ is due to the influence of ȝit.

Second-person dual accusative pronoun: you twain, the two of you.


eo

head

eo (first person singular, possessive meu)

From Latin egō, from Proto-Italic *egō, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Compare Italian io, Sicilian iu.


y

10th century; from Old French i, from Latin hīc (“here”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰi-ḱe (“this, here”)), with meaning influenced by Old French iv (“there, thither”), itself from Latin ibī. Derivation from the latter poses difficulty from a phonetic standpoint. Compare Catalan hi.

der

3 Also used when a group has both men and women

4 Also used as third person plural reflexive

adverbial phrase
adverbial phrase#English

Used as a pronoun to replace an adverbial phrase starting with à.

With verbs: see Appendix:French verbs followed by à for verbs which use this structure.


y

lương y như từ mẫu

(literary) a good physician is like a good mother


and

Middle Irish: ann

Irish: ann

Manx: ayn

Scottish Gaelic: ann

From Proto-Celtic *andom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥dó. The adverbial sense of this term is the original one, and it has an etymology independent of i.

Is and didiu for·téit spiritus ar n-énirti-ni in tain bes n-inun accobor lenn .i. la corp et anim et la spirut.

So it is then that the spirit helps our weakness when we have the same desire, to wit, body and soul and spirit.


fy

head

fy (triggers nasal mutation of a following consonant)

of a following consonant (triggers-mutation-nasal)

'm

used after some prepositions, does not trigger mutation

Byddant yn fy nghyflogi dros dro.

me (as the direct object of a verbal noun)


ci

Ultimately from either Latin hīc (“here”) or hinc (“from here”). Akin to Italian ci; see there for more. Compare Sicilian cci.


ci

Uncertain. Rohlfs and Von Wartburg favoured/favored Late Latin ecce hīc. Maiden casts doubt on this etymology, pointing out that Italian ci is an unstressed 'weak' form, while Latin hic otherwise survives in Italian only in stressed forms (reinforced by Latin ecce or eccum) such as ciò, qua, and qui. (It should also be noted that all of the latter trigger syntactic doubling in a following word, thanks to their original final /k/, while ci does not.) Maiden proposes instead an origin in Latin hince, variant of hinc (“hence, from here”), pointing out that in parts of southern Italy there exists a 1PL pronoun 'nci (cf. also 'nce). Treccani, on the other hand, proposes an origin in Latin hīce, a variant of hīc (“here”). In any case, the Italian term is certainly cognate with Neapolitan ce, Sicilian cci and Sassarese zi, all three of which share similar adverbial senses, with the latter two also having pronominal senses.

with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects

Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects. Unlike the singular forms

the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language

and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead

Ci arrabbiamo

Ci amiamo

(reflexive pronoun) ourselves; each other


is

(Sette Comuni) Alternative form of es (“it”)


die

Afrikaans: die

Berbice Creole Dutch: dida

Jersey Dutch: dî

Negerhollands: die, di, i, dida, da die

From Middle Dutch die, a merger of Old Dutch thie, thē, thia, thiu and similar forms of the demonstrative. As in Old High German ther, der it replaced the original masculine and feminine nominative forms from Proto-Germanic *sa.

Die vrouw vraagt als iemand aardvruchten wil kopen.

A woman is asking if anyone wants to buy root vegetables.

Ik heb die wagen geslagen.

(Suriname, colloquial) a certain, a particular; some; this; referring to a thing or a person invisible or unknown to the audience.


die

From Old Frisian thī, from Proto-West Germanic *þiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *þiz. Cognates include West Frisian dy and German dir.


vi

Cf. the corresponding ni for noi. Compare Romanian vă. Compare also Italian vi

(indirect object) (to) you (group being addressed)


vi

From voi (“you”). Compare Italian vi and Romanian vi.

you (plural, both direct or indirect object)


vi

vi (first-person plural nominative, accusative os, genitive vores, c vor, n vort, pl vore)

os (accusative)
vores (genitive)
vor (common-gender genitive)
vort (genitive neuter)
vore (genitive plural)

From Old Norse vér, from Proto-Germanic *wīz, from Proto-Indo-European *wéy, plural of *éǵh₂.


vi

From Latin ibi (“there; then”), from Proto-Italic *iðei or *ifei with iambic shortening, from the pronominal stem Proto-Indo-European *éy.

Ma eddu rilpundendi, dizisi: No v’ andu. Ma poi, pintiddu, v’ andesi.

1866 [1770s], Antonio Martini, chapter XXI, in Giovanni Spano, transl., L'ebagneliu sigundu S. Matteju [The Gospel according to St. Matthew], London, translation of Il santo Vangelo di Gesù Cristo secondo Matteo (in Italian), verse 29, page 84:

But he, answering, said: "I will not go there". But afterwards, regretful, he went there.


vi

E li dizisi: Viniddi dareddu a me, e vi aggiu a fà pilcadori d’ omini.

1866 [1770s], Antonio Martini, chapter IV, in Giovanni Spano, transl., L'ebagneliu sigundu S. Matteju [The Gospel according to St. Matthew], London, translation of Il santo Vangelo di Gesù Cristo secondo Matteo (in Italian), verse 19, page 11:

And he said to them: "Come after me, and I will make you fishers of men.

[…] un’oasi prupizia pa’ pudé / cu lu pientu annittavvi da li fàuri / chi vi sò già incighendi.

1989, Giovanni Maria Cherchi, “Puisia [Poem]”, in La poesia di l'althri [The poetry of others] (overall work in Italian and Sassarese), Sassari: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, page 19:

A propitious oasis, so I can cleanse you with my tears from the lies that are already blinding you.

Abà vi diggu la veriddai

I'll tell you the truth now (literally, “Now to you I tell the truth”)

Palchì vi diggu in viriddai; finza chi passia lu zelu e la terra, no ha a vinì mancu un etti, o un puntu di la leggi finza chi tuttu si cumplia.

1866 [1770s], Antonio Martini, translated by Giovanni Spano, L'ebagneliu sigundu S. Matteju [The Gospel according to St. Matthew], London, translation of Il santo Vangelo di Gesù Cristo secondo Matteo (in Italian), verse 18, page 14:

for truly I say to you, until the heaven and the earth may pass away, one iota or one tittle may not pass away from the Law, until all may come to pass


vi

vȋ (canonical)
ви̑ (Cyrillic)
tȋ (nominative singular)
vȋ (nominative plural)
tȅbe (genitive singular)
te (genitive singular)
vȃs (genitive plural)
tȅbi (dative singular)
ti (dative singular)
vȁma (dative plural)
vam (dative plural)
tȅbe (accusative singular)
te (accusative singular)
vȃs (accusative plural)
ti (singular vocative)
vȋ (plural vocative)
tȅbi (locative singular)
vȁma (locative plural)
tȍbōm (instrumental singular)
vȁma (instrumental plural)

(formal) you (formal singular and plural)


vi

vȋ (canonical)
jàz (first-person nominative singular)
tí (nominative second-person singular)
méne (accusative first-person singular)
me (accusative first-person singular)
tébe (accusative second-person singular)
te (accusative second-person singular)
sébe (accusative reflexive singular)
se (accusative reflexive singular)
méne (first-person genitive singular)
me (first-person genitive singular)
tébe (genitive second-person singular)
te (genitive second-person singular)
sébe (genitive reflexive singular)
se (genitive reflexive singular)
méni (dative first-person singular)
mi (dative first-person singular)
tébi (dative second-person singular)
ti (dative second-person singular)
sébi (dative reflexive singular)
si (dative reflexive singular)
méni (first-person locative singular)
tébi (locative second-person singular)
sébi (locative reflexive singular)
menój (first-person instrumental singular)
máno (first-person instrumental singular)
tebój (instrumental second-person singular)
tábo (instrumental second-person singular)
sebój (instrumental reflexive singular)
sábo (instrumental reflexive singular)
mój (first-person possessive singular)
tvój (possessive second-person singular)
svój (possessive reflexive singular)
mídva m (dual first-person nominative)
médve (dual first-person nominative)
mídve f (dual first-person nominative)
n (dual first-person nominative)
vídva m (dual nominative second-person)
védve (dual nominative second-person)
vídve f (dual nominative second-person)
n (dual nominative second-person)
náju (accusative dual first-person)
váju (accusative dual second-person)
sébe (accusative dual reflexive)
se (accusative dual reflexive)
náju (dual first-person genitive)
váju (dual genitive second-person)
sébe (dual genitive reflexive)
se (dual genitive reflexive)
náma (dative dual first-person)
váma (dative dual second-person)
sébi (dative dual reflexive)
si (dative dual reflexive)
náju (dual first-person locative)
váju (dual locative second-person)
sébi (dual locative reflexive)
náma (dual first-person instrumental)
váma (dual instrumental second-person)
sebój (dual instrumental reflexive)
sábo (dual instrumental reflexive)
nájin (dual first-person possessive)
vájin (dual possessive second-person)
svój (dual possessive reflexive)
mí m (first-person nominative plural)
mé f (first-person nominative plural)
n (first-person nominative plural)
ví m (nominative plural second-person)
vé f (nominative plural second-person)
n (nominative plural second-person)
nàs (accusative first-person plural)
vàs (accusative plural second-person)
sébe (accusative plural reflexive)
se (accusative plural reflexive)
nàs (first-person genitive plural)
vàs (genitive plural second-person)
sébe (genitive plural reflexive)
se (genitive plural reflexive)
nàm (dative first-person plural)
vàm (dative plural second-person)
sébi (dative plural reflexive)
si (dative plural reflexive)
nàs (first-person locative plural)
vàs (locative plural second-person)
sébi (locative plural reflexive)
nàmi (first-person instrumental plural)
vàmi (instrumental plural second-person)
sebój (instrumental plural reflexive)
sábo (instrumental plural reflexive)
nàš (first-person plural possessive)
vàš (plural possessive second-person)
svój (plural possessive reflexive)


te

From Latin te. Akin to Spanish te and French te.

Second-person singular dative, accusative and prepositional pronoun; you

The contracted forms are used before verbs beginning with vowel sounds

In Ribagorçan the contracted form to' is used before third-person pronouns and the adverbial pronoun en

nusotros

The forms shown in the table are the most widespread ones. Some varieties use different forms

mos. Before third-person pronouns and the adverbial pronoun en the contracted form mo' is used.

el. The contracted form l' is used before verbs beginning with vowel sounds and 'l after pronouns ending in vowels and no.

els. These forms are contracted to 's and 'ls after pronouns ending in vowels and no.


te

From Proto-Brythonic *ti, from Proto-Celtic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Cognate to Welsh ti.


te

te (enclitic, contracted 't, proclitic et, contracted proclitic t')

't (contracted)
et (proclitic)
t' (contracted proclitic)
jo (first-person personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
mi (first-person personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
em (direct-object first-person objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
m’ (direct-object first-person objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-me (direct-object enclitic first-person objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’m (direct-object enclitic first-person objective personal pronoun singular weak)
em (first-person indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
m’ (first-person indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-me (enclitic first-person indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’m (enclitic first-person indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular weak)
meu (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
nós (first-person formal majestic personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
ens (direct-object first-person formal majestic objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-nos (direct-object enclitic first-person formal majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’ns (direct-object enclitic first-person formal majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
ens (first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-nos (enclitic first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’ns (enclitic first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
nostre (first-person formal majestic personal possessive pronoun singular)
tu (personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
et (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
t’ (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-te (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’t (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
et (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
t’ (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-te (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’t (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
teu (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
vós (formal personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
us (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-vos (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
-us (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
us (formal indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-vos (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
-us (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
vostre (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
vostè (formal personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
el (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
l’ (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-lo (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’l (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
li (formal indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-li (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
seu (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
ell (masculine personal pronoun singular strong subjective third-person)
el (direct-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
l’ (direct-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-lo (direct-object enclitic masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
’l (direct-object enclitic masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (indirect-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic indirect-object masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
ella (feminine personal pronoun singular strong subjective third-person)
la (direct-object feminine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
l’ (direct-object feminine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-la (direct-object enclitic feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (feminine indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic feminine indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
ho (direct-object neuter objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-ho (direct-object enclitic neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (indirect-object neuter objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic indirect-object neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
si (personal pronoun reflexive singular strong subjective third-person)
es (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
s’ (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
-se (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
’s (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
es (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
s’ (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
-se (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
’s (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
seu (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
nosaltres (first-person personal plural pronoun)
ens (first-person personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-nos (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
’ns (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
nostre (first-person personal plural pronoun)
vosaltres (personal plural pronoun second-person)
us (personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
-vos (enclitic personal plural pronoun second-person)
-us (enclitic personal plural pronoun second-person)
vostre (personal plural pronoun second-person)
vostès (formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
els (formal personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
-los (enclitic formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
’ls (enclitic formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
seu (formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
ells (masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
els (masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-los (enclitic masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
’ls (enclitic masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
seu (masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
elles (feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
les (feminine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-les (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
els (feminine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-los (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
’ls (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
seu (feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
si (personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
es (personal plural proclitic pronoun reflexive third-person)
s’ (personal plural proclitic pronoun reflexive third-person)
-se (enclitic personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
’s (enclitic personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
seu (personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
en (ablative genitive personal plural proclitic pronoun)
n’ (ablative genitive personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-ne (ablative enclitic genitive personal plural pronoun)
’n (ablative enclitic genitive personal plural pronoun)
hi (locative personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-hi (enclitic locative personal plural pronoun)


te

of teie (short-form)
sina (long-form nominative singular)
sa (nominative short-form singular)
teie (long-form nominative plural)
te (nominative plural short-form)
sinu (genitive long-form singular)
su (genitive short-form singular)
teie (genitive long-form plural)
te (genitive plural short-form)
sind (long-form partitive short-form singular)
teid (long-form partitive plural short-form)
sinusse (illative long-form singular)
susse (illative short-form singular)
teisse (illative plural short-form)
sinus (inessive long-form singular)
sus (inessive short-form singular)
teis (inessive plural short-form)
sinust (elative long-form singular)
sust (elative short-form singular)
teist (elative plural short-form)
sinule (allative long-form singular)
sulle (allative short-form singular)
teile (allative plural short-form)
sinul (adessive long-form singular)
sul (adessive short-form singular)
teil (adessive plural short-form)
sinult (ablative long-form singular)
sult (ablative short-form singular)
teilt (ablative plural short-form)
sinuks (long-form singular translative)
teieks (long-form plural translative)
teiks (plural short-form translative)
sinuni (long-form singular terminative)
teieni (long-form plural terminative)
sinuna (essive long-form singular)
teiena (essive long-form plural)
sinuta (abessive long-form singular)
teieta (abessive long-form plural)
sinuga (comitative long-form singular)
suga (comitative short-form singular)
teiega (comitative long-form plural)


te

sinä (nominative singular)
te (nominative plural)
sinun (genitive singular)
teidän (genitive plural)
sinua (partitive singular)
teitä (partitive plural)
sinut (accusative singular)
teidät (accusative plural)
sinussa (inessive singular)
teissä (inessive plural)
sinusta (elative singular)
teistä (elative plural)
sinuun (illative singular)
teihin (illative plural)
sinulla (adessive singular)
teillä (adessive plural)
sinulta (ablative singular)
teiltä (ablative plural)
sinulle (allative singular)
teille (allative plural)
sinuna (essive singular)
teinä (essive plural)
sinuksi (singular translative)
teiksi (plural translative)
sinutta (abessive singular)
teittä (abessive plural)

Kven: tet

From Proto-Finnic *tek, from Proto-Uralic *te. The word is inflected as plural, but there is no plural marker in the nominative, except in dialects (tet).

(personal) you (second-person plural; when addressing many persons or when addressing politely or formally one person)


te

From Middle French te, from Old French te, from Latin tē, (accusative of tū), from Proto-Indo-European *twé, *te, accusative of *túh₂ (“you”).

Tu te souviens d’elle.

You remember her. (literally, “You remind yourself of her.”)


te

te (nominative)
téged (accusative)
neked (dative)
veled (instrumental)
érted (causal-final)
benned (inessive)
rajtad (superessive)
nálad (adessive)
beléd (illative)
rád (sublative)
hozzád (allative)
belőled (elative)
rólad (delative)
tőled (ablative)
declension of te

From the same Proto-Uralic root *tinä as e.g. Finnish sinä, Erzya тон (ton), Eastern Mari тый (tyj) and Komi-Zyrian тэ (te).

(personal) you (second-person singular, nominative, informal form)

teelőtted etc

te + a postposition with the second-person singular personal suffix; see Appendix:Hungarian postpositions

tehozzád etc

te + one of the declined forms listed in the chart above; see Appendix:Hungarian pronouns


te

French: te

toy

second-person singular object and indirect object pronoun

you, second-person singular object pronoun

to you, second-person singular indirect object pronoun


te

From Latin tē (accusative of tū), from Proto-Indo-European *twé, *te, accusative of *túh₂ (“you”).

masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown

when the subject is plural and of mixed gender

Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity

Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to


yourself

yourself (referring to the person being spoken to, previously mentioned, the reflexive case of you)

en-pron

From Middle English yourself, equivalent to your + -self.

check yourself before you wreck yourself

Be careful with that fire or you'll burn yourself.

(reflexive pronoun) Your own self (singular).


yours

From Middle English youres, ȝoures, attested since the 1300s. Equivalent to your + -s (compare -'s); formed by analogy to his. Displaced yourn in standard speech.

yourn

obsolete outside Britain and US dialects

you scratch my back and I'll scratch yours

Yours sincerely,  Yours faithfully,  Yours,  Sincerely yours,

Written at the end of a letter, before the signature.


A

The first letter of the Scots alphabet, called aw and written in the Latin script.


on

on (nominative singular)
jeho (genitive singular stressed)
jej (genitive singular stressed)
něho (genitive singular stressed)
něj (genitive singular stressed)
ho (clitic genitive singular)
jej (clitic genitive singular)
jemu (dative singular stressed)
němu (dative singular stressed)
mu (clitic dative singular)
jej (accusative singular stressed)
něj (accusative singular stressed)
jeho (accusative animate singular stressed)
něho (accusative animate singular stressed)
jej (accusative clitic singular)
ho (accusative clitic singular)
-ň (accusative clitic singular)
něm (locative singular)
jím (instrumental singular)
ním (instrumental singular)

Inherited from Old Czech on, from Proto-Slavic *onъ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ónos.


on

→ Esperanto: oni
→ Ido: onu

Inherited from Old French hom, om (nominative form), from Latin homō (“human being”) (compare homme from the Old French oblique form home, from the Latin accusative form hominem). Its pronominal use is of Germanic origin. Compare Old English man (“one, they, people”), reduced form of Old English mann (“person”); Catalan hom; German man (“one, they, people”); Dutch men (“one, they, people”). In the second sense, meaning "we", also compare the development Malay kita orang (“we (incl.) + person”) and the dialectal forms found in eastern Indonesia: kitorang, kitong, torang.

noncog

2003, Natasha St. Pier, L’instant d’après (album), Quand on cherche l’amour (song)

On ne peut pas pêcher ici

(indefinite) one, people, you, someone (an unspecified individual)


on

ȏn (canonical)
о̑н (Cyrillic)
ȏn (masculine nominative singular)
òna (feminine nominative singular)
òno (neuter nominative singular)
òni (masculine nominative plural)
òne (feminine nominative plural)
òna (neuter nominative plural)
njȅga (genitive masculine singular)
ga (genitive masculine singular)
njȇ (feminine genitive singular)
je (feminine genitive singular)
njȅga (genitive neuter singular)
ga (genitive neuter singular)
njȋh (genitive masculine plural)
ih (genitive masculine plural)
njȋh (feminine genitive plural)
ih (feminine genitive plural)
njȋh (genitive neuter plural)
ih (genitive neuter plural)
njȅmu (dative masculine singular)
mu (dative masculine singular)
njȏj (dative feminine singular)
joj (dative feminine singular)
njȅmu (dative neuter singular)
mu (dative neuter singular)
njȉma (dative masculine plural)
im (dative masculine plural)
njȉma (dative feminine plural)
im (dative feminine plural)
njȉma (dative neuter plural)
im (dative neuter plural)
njȅga (accusative masculine singular)
ga (accusative masculine singular)
nj (accusative masculine singular)
njȗ (accusative feminine singular)
ju (accusative feminine singular)
je (accusative feminine singular)
njȅga (accusative neuter singular)
ga (accusative neuter singular)
nj (accusative neuter singular)
njȋh (accusative masculine plural)
ih (accusative masculine plural)
njȋh (accusative feminine plural)
ih (accusative feminine plural)
njȋh (accusative neuter plural)
ih (accusative neuter plural)
njȅm (locative masculine singular)
njȅmu (locative masculine singular)
njȏj (feminine locative singular)
njȅm (locative neuter singular)
njȅmu (locative neuter singular)
njȉma (locative masculine plural)
njȉma (feminine locative plural)
njȉma (locative neuter plural)
njȋm (instrumental masculine singular)
njíme (instrumental masculine singular)
njȏm (feminine instrumental singular)
njóme (feminine instrumental singular)
njȋm (instrumental neuter singular)
njíme (instrumental neuter singular)
njȉma (instrumental masculine plural)
njȉma (feminine instrumental plural)
njȉma (instrumental neuter plural)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *onъ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ónos.


on

ȍn (canonical)
ȍn (nominative)
ónadva (nominative)
onȃdva (nominative)
óni (nominative)
onȋ (nominative)
njéga (genitive)
njȋju (genitive)
njȉh (genitive)
njȗ (genitive)
njému (dative)
njȋma (dative)
njȉm (dative)
njéga (accusative)
njȋju (accusative)
njȉh (accusative)
njȗ (accusative)
njẹ̑ (accusative)
njém (locative)
njému (locative)
njȋju (locative)
njȉh (locative)
njím (instrumental)
njȋma (instrumental)
njȋmi (instrumental)
ȍn (vocative)
ȏnadva (vocative)
onȃdva (vocative)
ȏni (vocative)
onȋ (vocative)
ga (genitive singular)
ju (dual genitive)
jih (dual genitive)
jih (genitive plural)
mu (dative singular)
jima (dative dual)
jim (dative plural)
ga (accusative singular)
ju (accusative dual)
jih (accusative plural)
-nj (singular)
-ənj (singular)
-nju (dual)
-nje (plural)
njẹ̑ (plural stressed)
njȉh (plural stressed)

From Proto-Slavic *onъ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ónos.


de

From Old Danish thē, from Old Norse þeir, from Proto-Germanic *þai.

de grønne huse


de

(personal pronoun) they (third-person plural)

(personal pronoun, nonstandard) they (gender-neutral third-person singular)


de

lía de

Cía thés hí loc bes ardu, ní ardu de; ní samlid són dúnni, air ⟨im⟩mi ardu-ni de tri dul isna lucu arda.

Though he may go into a higher place, he is not the higher; this is not the case for us, for we are the higher through going into the high places.

Used after the comparative degree of an adjective in the meaning of English “the” before a comparative


your

possessive determiner
possessive determiner#English

2nd person singular possessive determiner


ten

ten (masculine nominative singular)
ta (feminine nominative singular)
to (neuter nominative singular)
toho (genitive masculine singular)
té (feminine genitive singular)
toho (genitive neuter singular)
tomu (dative masculine singular)
té (dative feminine singular)
tomu (dative neuter singular)
toho (accusative animate masculine singular)
ten (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
tu (accusative feminine singular)
to (accusative neuter singular)
tom (locative masculine singular)
té (feminine locative singular)
tom (locative neuter singular)
tím (instrumental masculine singular)
tou (feminine instrumental singular)
tím (instrumental neuter singular)
ti (animate masculine nominative plural)
ty (feminine nominative plural)
ty (inanimate masculine nominative plural)
ta (neuter nominative plural)
těch (genitive plural)
těm (dative plural)
ty (accusative feminine masculine plural)
ta (accusative neuter plural)
těch (locative plural)
těmi (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Old Czech ten, from Proto-Slavic *tъ.


ten

ten (masculine nominative singular)
ta (feminine nominative singular)
to (neuter nominative singular)
toho (genitive masculine singular)
té (feminine genitive singular)
toho (genitive neuter singular)
tomu (dative masculine singular)
tej (dative feminine singular)
téj (dative feminine singular)
tomu (dative neuter singular)
toho (accusative masculine singular)
ten (accusative masculine singular)
tu (accusative feminine singular)
to (accusative neuter singular)
tom (locative masculine singular)
tej (feminine locative singular)
téj (feminine locative singular)
tom (locative neuter singular)
tiem (instrumental masculine singular)
tú (feminine instrumental singular)
tiem (instrumental neuter singular)
ta (dual masculine nominative)
tě (dual feminine neuter nominative)
tú (dual genitive)
těma (dative dual)
ta (accusative dual masculine)
tě (accusative dual feminine neuter)
tú (dual locative)
těma (dual instrumental)
ti (masculine nominative plural)
ty (feminine nominative plural)
ta (neuter nominative plural)
těch (genitive plural)
těm (dative plural)
ty (accusative feminine masculine plural)
ta (accusative neuter plural)
těch (locative plural)
těmi (instrumental plural)

Czech: ten


ten

Polish: ten

Silesian: tyn

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tъ. First attested in the 14th century.


ten

Inherited from Old Polish ten. Cognate with Russian тот (tot), Lithuanian tas, Ancient Greek ὁ (ho, “the”), German der (“the”), English the.

A no, ten...


nine

you, you all; second-person plural absolute pronoun.


in

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)ni, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)ni.

demonstrative, first person inclusive singular


thee

head

thee (second-person singular, objective case, nominative thou, reflexive thyself)

From Middle English þe, from Old English þē (“thee”, originally dative, but later also accusative), from Proto-Germanic *þiz (“thee”), from Proto-Indo-European *te (“second-person singular pronoun”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian die (“thee”), West Frisian dy (“thee”), German Low German di (“thee”), German dir (“thee”, dative pron.), Icelandic þér (“thee”). More at thou.

inh

[H]e immediately perceived when I was taken ill, and, after seeing Mama, said to me "I am afraid Thee art not well thyself?"

1773, Frances Burney, Journals & Letters, Penguin 2001, page 23:

"He says he's our man, Bildad," said Peleg, "he wants to ship."
"Dost thee?" said Bildad, in a hollow tone

1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “The Ship”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 84:

"What does thee want, father?" said Rachel.

1852, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom's Cabin:


its

Equivalent to it + -s (possessive marker). From the earlier form it's (it + -'s), which is now considered nonstandard. Began to displace his as the possessive of the neuter pronoun in the Middle English period; had fully displaced it by the 1700s.

… both Houses have resolved to rob the North of a good friend of its and yours.

1645, Philip Wharton, 4th Baron Wharton, Letter to Ferdinando Fairfax, 6 February 1645

EBay Canada argued in court that the data sought by tax collectors was not its to give.

2007 October 1, Ian Austen, “Canadian Court Opens Up eBay Data to Tax Agency”, in New York Times:

...the Board of Trade of Chicago can at least feel that it has played its part manfully and patriotically, and that no act of its has stood in the way of National victory.

1917, Charles Henry Taylor, History of the Board of Trade of the City of Chicago, volume 2, page 1259:

свой

when referring to the subject of the sentence


too

too (nominative singular)
noo (nominative plural)
toon (genitive singular)
noijen (genitive plural)
toon (accusative singular)
noo (accusative plural)
toota (partitive singular)
noita (partitive plural)
tooho (illative singular)
noihe (illative plural)
toos (inessive singular)
nois (inessive plural)
toost (elative singular)
noist (elative plural)
toolle (allative singular)
noille (allative plural)
tool (adessive singular)
noil (adessive plural)
toolt (ablative singular)
noilt (ablative plural)
tooks (singular translative)
noiks (plural translative)
toonna (essive singular)
noinna (essive plural)

From Proto-Finnic *too, from Proto-Uralic *to. Cognates include Finnish tuo and Karelian tuo.


too

From Proto-Uralic *to. Compare Erzya тона (tona).


too

Estonian: too

Finnish: tuo, toi

Ingrian: too

Karelian: tuo

Võro: tuu


here

English: her (obsolete)

Yola: aar, 'ar

From Old English heora, hira, genitive of hīe (“they”).

Third-person plural possessive pronoun: theirs, of them


qua

Borrowed from French qui, que, Italian che, Spanish que, ultimately from Latin quī / quid.

Qua kamizo vu portos?


his

From Middle English his, from Old English his (“his; its”), from Proto-Germanic *hes (“of this”), genitive of Proto-Germanic *hiz (“this, this one”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱe-, *ḱey- (“this”). Cognate with Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, Icelandic hans (“his”). More at he; see also its.

Ahab his mark for Ahab's mark.

Sejanus his Fall

(archaic) Used as a genitive marker in place of ’s after a noun, especially a masculine noun ending in -s, to express the possessive case.


his

head

his (nominative masculine pronoun he, nominative neuter pronoun hit)

he (masculine nominative pronoun)
hit (neuter nominative pronoun)

English: his

Scots: his

Yola: his, hys, hays

From Old English his, from Proto-Germanic *hes (“of this”), genitive of Proto-Germanic *hiz (“this, this one”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱe-, *ḱey- (“this”).

Third-person singular masculine possessive determiner: his, of him.

Third-person singular neuter possessive determiner: its, of it.

And Claudas his knyghts brake theire spearis

Used in place of the possessive suffix -es to denote possession by an antecedent noun.


his

English: his

Third-person singular masculine genitive pronoun: his.


theirs

From Middle English theires, attested since the 1300s. Equivalent to their + -s (compare -'s); formed by analogy to his. Displaced theirn (from Middle English theiren, formed by analogy to mine, thine) in standard speech.

This luggage is theirs. These passports are also theirs.

Theirs cost a lot more than ours.

That cat of theirs got into our garden again. (double possessive)

The letter had been given to the two Englishmen by a good friend of theirs in London, who had been in America two years previously, and had singled out Mr. J. L. Westgate from the many friends he had left there as the consignee, as it were, of his compatriots.

1878, Henry James, An International Episode:

That or those belonging to them; the possessive case of they, used without a following noun.


ours

From Middle English oures, attested since the 1300s. Equivalent to our + -s (compare -'s); formed by analogy to his. Displaced ourn (from Middle English ouren) in standard speech.

You can't take that! It's ours!

Could we ask you to move, please. These seats are ours.

Ours looks much nicer than theirs.

This beach is a favourite of ours. (double possessive)

That or those belonging to us; the possessive case of we, used without a following noun.

(article and possessive adjective in appropriate gender and number) ὁ ἡμέτερος (ho hēméteros)


my

my (nominative plural)
nás (genitive plural)
nám (dative plural)
nás (accusative plural)
nás (locative plural)
námi (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Old Czech my, from Proto-Slavic *my, from Proto-Indo-European *wéy.


my

jáz (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
já (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
ty (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
mne (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
mě (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
tebe (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
tě (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
sebe (genitive personal pronoun reflexive singular)
sě (genitive personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mně (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
mi (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
tobě (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
ti (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sobě (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
si (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mě (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
mne (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
tě (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
tebe (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sě (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
sebe (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mně (first-person locative personal pronoun singular)
tobě (locative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sobě (locative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mnú (first-person instrumental personal pronoun singular)
tobú (instrumental personal pronoun second-person singular)
tebú (instrumental personal pronoun second-person singular)
sobú (instrumental personal pronoun reflexive singular)
sebú (instrumental personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mój (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
tvój (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
svój (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular)
vě (dual first-person nominative personal pronoun)
va (dual first-person nominative personal pronoun)
ma (dual first-person nominative personal pronoun)
vy (dual nominative personal pronoun second-person)
najú (dual first-person genitive personal pronoun)
vajú (dual genitive personal pronoun second-person)
sebe (dual genitive personal pronoun reflexive)
sě (dual genitive personal pronoun reflexive)
náma (dative dual first-person personal pronoun)
váma (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sobě (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
si (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
ny (accusative dual first-person personal pronoun)
najú (accusative dual first-person personal pronoun)
vy (accusative dual personal pronoun second-person)
vajú (accusative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sě (accusative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
sebe (accusative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
najú (dual first-person locative personal pronoun)
vajú (dual locative personal pronoun second-person)
sobě (dual locative personal pronoun reflexive)
náma (dual first-person instrumental personal pronoun)
váma (dual instrumental personal pronoun second-person)
sobú (dual instrumental personal pronoun reflexive)
sebú (dual instrumental personal pronoun reflexive)
náš (dual first-person personal possessive pronoun)
najú (dual first-person personal possessive pronoun)
váš (dual personal possessive pronoun second-person)
vajú (dual personal possessive pronoun second-person)
svój (dual personal possessive pronoun reflexive)
my (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
vy (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
nás (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
vás (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
sebe (genitive personal plural pronoun reflexive)
sě (genitive personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nám (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
nem (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
vám (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
vem (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sobě (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
si (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
ny (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
nás (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
vy (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
vás (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sě (accusative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
sebe (accusative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nás (first-person locative personal plural pronoun)
vás (locative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sobě (locative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
námi (first-person instrumental personal plural pronoun)
vámi (instrumental personal plural pronoun second-person)
sobú (instrumental personal plural pronoun reflexive)
sebú (instrumental personal plural pronoun reflexive)
náš (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
váš (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
svój (personal plural possessive pronoun reflexive)

Czech: my


my

my (nominative plural)
wa (dual nominative)
nas (genitive plural)
naju (dual genitive)
nam (dative plural)
nama (dative dual)
nas (accusative plural)
wa (accusative dual)
nami (instrumental plural)
nama (dual instrumental)
nas (locative plural)
naju (dual locative)

Polish: my

Silesian: my

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *my. First attested in the 14th century.


my

my (nominative plural)
nas (genitive plural)
nam (dative plural)
nas (accusative plural)
nami (instrumental plural)
nas (locative plural)


my

my (nominative plural)
nŏs (genitive plural)
nas (genitive plural)
nōm (dative plural)
nam (dative plural)
nŏs (accusative plural)
nas (accusative plural)
nami (instrumental plural)
nŏs (locative plural)
nas (locative plural)


my

ja (nominative personal pronoun singular)
mój (dual nominative personal pronoun)
my (nominative personal plural pronoun)
mje (genitive personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) mnje (genitive personal pronoun singular)
naju (dual genitive personal pronoun)
nas (genitive personal plural pronoun)
mi (dative personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) mni (dative personal pronoun singular)
namaj (dative dual personal pronoun)
nam (dative personal plural pronoun)
mje (accusative personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) mnje (accusative personal pronoun singular)
naju (accusative dual personal pronoun)
nas (accusative personal plural pronoun)
mnu (instrumental personal pronoun singular)
namaj (dual instrumental personal pronoun)
nami (instrumental personal plural pronoun)
mni (locative personal pronoun singular)
namaj (dual locative personal pronoun)
nas (locative personal plural pronoun)
ty (nominative personal pronoun singular)
wój (dual nominative personal pronoun)
wy (nominative personal plural pronoun)
će (genitive personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) tebje (genitive personal pronoun singular)
waju (dual genitive personal pronoun)
was (genitive personal plural pronoun)
ći (dative personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) tebi (dative personal pronoun singular)
wamaj (dative dual personal pronoun)
wam (dative personal plural pronoun)
će (accusative personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) tebje (accusative personal pronoun singular)
waju (accusative dual personal pronoun)
was (accusative personal plural pronoun)
tobu (instrumental personal pronoun singular)
wamaj (dual instrumental personal pronoun)
wami (instrumental personal plural pronoun)
tebi (locative personal pronoun singular)
wamaj (dual locative personal pronoun)
was (locative personal plural pronoun)
wón (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular)
wona (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular)
wono (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular)
wonaj (dual nominative personal pronoun virile)
wonej (dual nominative personal pronoun)
woni (nominative personal plural pronoun)
wone (nominative personal plural pronoun)
jeho (genitive masculine personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) njeho (genitive masculine personal pronoun singular)
jeje (feminine genitive personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) njeje (feminine genitive personal pronoun singular)
jeho (genitive neuter personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) njeho (genitive neuter personal pronoun singular)
jeju (dual genitive personal pronoun virile)
jeju (genitive personal pronoun)
jich (genitive personal plural pronoun)
(after preposition) nich (genitive personal plural pronoun)
jemu (dative masculine personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) njemu (dative masculine personal pronoun singular)
jej (dative feminine personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) njej (dative feminine personal pronoun singular)
jemu (dative neuter personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) njemu (dative neuter personal pronoun singular)
jimaj (dative dual personal pronoun virile)
jimaj (dative personal pronoun)
(after preposition) nimaj (dative dual personal pronoun virile)
(after preposition) nimaj (dative personal pronoun)
jim (dative personal plural pronoun)
(after preposition) nim (dative personal plural pronoun)
jón (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) njón (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular)
jeho (accusative animate masculine personal pronoun singular)
njeho (accusative animate masculine personal pronoun singular)
ju (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) nju (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular)
jo (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular)
je (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) njo (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular)
nje (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular)
jeju (accusative dual personal pronoun virile)
(after preposition) njeju (accusative dual personal pronoun virile)
jej (accusative dual personal pronoun)
(after preposition) njej (accusative dual personal pronoun)
jich (accusative personal plural pronoun)
(after preposition) nich (accusative personal plural pronoun)
je (accusative personal plural pronoun)
(after preposition) nje (accusative personal plural pronoun)
nim (instrumental masculine personal pronoun singular)
njej (feminine instrumental personal pronoun singular)
nim (instrumental neuter personal pronoun singular)
nimaj (dual instrumental personal pronoun virile)
nimaj (instrumental personal pronoun)
nimi (instrumental personal plural pronoun)
nim (locative masculine personal pronoun singular)
njej (feminine locative personal pronoun singular)
nim (locative neuter personal pronoun singular)
nimaj (dual locative personal pronoun virile)
nimaj (locative personal pronoun)
nich (locative personal plural pronoun)

From Proto-Slavic *my, from Proto-Indo-European *wéy.


my

jãzъ (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
ty̑ (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
mę̑ (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
tę̑ (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sę̑ (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mȅne (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
tȅbe (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
sȅbe (genitive personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mьně̀ (first-person locative personal pronoun singular)
tebě̀ (locative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sebě̀ (locative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mьně̀ (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
tebě̀ (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
ti (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sebě̀ (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
si (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mъnòjǫ (first-person instrumental personal pronoun singular)
mъnojǫ̀ (first-person instrumental personal pronoun singular)
tobòjǫ (instrumental personal pronoun second-person singular)
tobojǫ̀ (instrumental personal pronoun second-person singular)
sobòjǫ (instrumental personal pronoun reflexive singular)
sobojǫ̀ (instrumental personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mojь (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
tvojь (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
svojь (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular)
vě̑ (dual first-person nominative personal pronoun)
vȃ (dual nominative personal pronoun second-person)
nȃ (accusative dual first-person personal pronoun)
vȃ (accusative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sę̑ (accusative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
nàju (dual first-person genitive personal pronoun)
vàju (dual genitive personal pronoun second-person)
sȅbe (dual genitive personal pronoun reflexive)
nàju (dual first-person locative personal pronoun)
vàju (dual locative personal pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (dual locative personal pronoun reflexive)
nàma (dative dual first-person personal pronoun)
vàma (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
va (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
si (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
nàma (dual first-person instrumental personal pronoun)
vàma (dual instrumental personal pronoun second-person)
sobòjǫ (dual instrumental personal pronoun reflexive)
sobojǫ̀ (dual instrumental personal pronoun reflexive)
našь (dual first-person personal possessive pronoun)
vašь (dual personal possessive pronoun second-person)
svojь (dual personal possessive pronoun reflexive)
my̑ (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
vy̑ (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
ny̑ (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
vy̑ (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sę̑ (accusative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàsъ (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
vàsъ (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
sȅbe (genitive personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàsъ (first-person locative personal plural pronoun)
vàsъ (locative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (locative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàmъ (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
vàmъ (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
si (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàmi (first-person instrumental personal plural pronoun)
vàmi (instrumental personal plural pronoun second-person)
sobòjǫ (instrumental personal plural pronoun reflexive)
sobojǫ̀ (instrumental personal plural pronoun reflexive)
našь (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
vašь (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
svojь (personal plural possessive pronoun reflexive)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мꙑ (my)

Old Ruthenian: мы (my)

Belarusian: мы (my)

Carpathian Rusyn: мы (mŷ)

Ukrainian: ми (my)

Russian: мы (my)

Old Novgorodian: мꙑ (my)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: мꙑ (my)

Glagolitic script: [Term?]

Bulgarian: ние (nie) (re-formed by analogy)

Macedonian: ние (nie) (re-formed by analogy), ми (mi) (dialectal), мие (mie) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ми̑

Latin script: mȋ

Slovene: mȋ (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: my

Czech: my

Old Polish: my
Polish: my
Silesian: my

Slovak: my

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: më

Slovincian: më

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: my

Upper Sorbian: my

From Proto-Indo-European *wéy, with an irregular change from *w- to *m- (whence *méy). The same irregular change happened in middle Indo-Iranian languages and German dialects. Cognate with Lithuanian mẽs and Old Armenian մեք (mekʻ).


any

From Middle English any, eny, ony, ani, aniȝ, eniȝ, æniȝ, from Old English ǣniġ (“any”), from Proto-West Germanic *ainīg, *ainag, from Proto-Germanic *ainagaz, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz (“one”), equivalent to one + -y.
Cognate to Saterland Frisian eenich (“some”), West Frisian iennich (“only”), Dutch enig (“any, some”), Afrikaans enig (“any”), German Low German enig (“some”), German einig (“some”), Italian unico (“unique”), French unique (“unique”). Piecewise doublet of unique.

Near-synonym: some

Do you have any biscuits?

Do you have any food?

I haven't got any money.

It won't do you any good.

"Give me your pen." — "I don't have any pen."

No man knoweth the Son, but the Father; neither knoweth any man the Father, save the Son.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew xi:27:

In the old days, to my commonplace and unobserving mind, he gave no evidences of genius whatsoever. He never read me any of his manuscripts,[…], and therefore my lack of detection of his promise may in some degree be pardoned.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter I, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

Meanwhile Nanny Broome was recovering from her initial panic and seemed anxious to make up for any kudos she might have lost, by exerting her personality to the utmost. She took the policeman's helmet and placed it on a chair, and unfolded his tunic to shake it and fold it up again for him.

1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 19, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

(chiefly in the negative or interrogative, chiefly with plural or uncountable nouns) One at all; at least one; at least one kind of; some; a positive quantity of.


en

en (proclitic, contracted n', enclitic ne, contracted enclitic 'n)

n' (contracted)
ne (enclitic)
'n (contracted enclitic)
jo (first-person personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
mi (first-person personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
em (direct-object first-person objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
m’ (direct-object first-person objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-me (direct-object enclitic first-person objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’m (direct-object enclitic first-person objective personal pronoun singular weak)
em (first-person indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
m’ (first-person indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-me (enclitic first-person indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’m (enclitic first-person indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular weak)
meu (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
nós (first-person formal majestic personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
ens (direct-object first-person formal majestic objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-nos (direct-object enclitic first-person formal majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’ns (direct-object enclitic first-person formal majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
ens (first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-nos (enclitic first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’ns (enclitic first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
nostre (first-person formal majestic personal possessive pronoun singular)
tu (personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
et (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
t’ (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-te (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’t (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
et (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
t’ (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-te (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’t (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
teu (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
vós (formal personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
us (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-vos (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
-us (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
us (formal indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-vos (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
-us (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
vostre (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
vostè (formal personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
el (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
l’ (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-lo (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’l (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
li (formal indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-li (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
seu (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
ell (masculine personal pronoun singular strong subjective third-person)
el (direct-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
l’ (direct-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-lo (direct-object enclitic masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
’l (direct-object enclitic masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (indirect-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic indirect-object masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
ella (feminine personal pronoun singular strong subjective third-person)
la (direct-object feminine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
l’ (direct-object feminine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-la (direct-object enclitic feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (feminine indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic feminine indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
ho (direct-object neuter objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-ho (direct-object enclitic neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (indirect-object neuter objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic indirect-object neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
si (personal pronoun reflexive singular strong subjective third-person)
es (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
s’ (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
-se (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
’s (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
es (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
s’ (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
-se (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
’s (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
seu (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
nosaltres (first-person personal plural pronoun)
ens (first-person personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-nos (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
’ns (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
nostre (first-person personal plural pronoun)
vosaltres (personal plural pronoun second-person)
us (personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
-vos (enclitic personal plural pronoun second-person)
-us (enclitic personal plural pronoun second-person)
vostre (personal plural pronoun second-person)
vostès (formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
els (formal personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
-los (enclitic formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
’ls (enclitic formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
seu (formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
ells (masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
els (masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-los (enclitic masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
’ls (enclitic masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
seu (masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
elles (feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
les (feminine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-les (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
els (feminine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-los (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
’ls (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
seu (feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
si (personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
es (personal plural proclitic pronoun reflexive third-person)
s’ (personal plural proclitic pronoun reflexive third-person)
-se (enclitic personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
’s (enclitic personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
seu (personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
en (ablative genitive personal plural proclitic pronoun)
n’ (ablative genitive personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-ne (ablative enclitic genitive personal plural pronoun)
’n (ablative enclitic genitive personal plural pronoun)
hi (locative personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-hi (enclitic locative personal plural pronoun)

Inherited from Latin inde (“thence”). Compare French en, Italian ne.

Represents an indeterminate number or quantity of a given noun.

Represents a place (associated with the action described by the verb) that would be introduced by the preposition de.

Replaces a phrase introduced by the preposition de.

Replaces the object of a causative verb.


en

From Middle French en, from Old French en, from Latin in, from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).

une chaise en hêtre

une fourchette en métal

of, made of (used to describe composition)


en

a personal pronoun marker, wherein "en" is followed by a class III pronoun


en

en (accusative masculine nominative)
eng (accusative feminine nominative)
en (accusative neuter nominative)
eng (accusative nominative plural)
engem (dative masculine)
enger (dative feminine)
engem (dative neuter)
engen (dative plural)

From Old High German ein, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz.

Ech droen en Hutt, wann et reent.

Hues du e bloe Stëft?


some

From Middle English som, sum, from Old English sum (“some, a certain one”), from Proto-West Germanic *sum, from Proto-Germanic *sumaz (“some, a certain one”), from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“one, whole”). Cognate Scots sum, some (“some”), North Frisian som, sam, säm (“some”), West Frisian sommige, somlike (“some”), dialectal Dutch som, saom (“some”), standard Dutch sommige (“some”), Low German somige (“some”), German dialectal summige (“some”), Danish somme (“some”), Swedish somlig (“some”), Norwegian sum, som (“some”), Icelandic sumur (“some”), Gothic 𐍃𐌿𐌼𐍃 (sums, “one, someone”). More at same.

der

Please give me some of the cake.

Everyone is wrong some of the time.