sabato

eo-head

sabato (accusative singular sabaton, plural sabatoj, accusative plural sabatojn)

sabaton (accusative singular)
sabatoj (plural)
sabatojn (accusative plural)

From Italian sabato, from Latin sabbatum (“Sabbath; Saturday”), from Ancient Greek σάββατον (sábbaton, “Sabbath”), from Biblical Hebrew שַׁבָּת (šabbā́ṯ, “Sabbath”). Compare Portuguese and Spanish sábado, Polish sobota, Russian суббота (subbota), French samedi, Yiddish שבת (shabes). Doublet of ŝabato.

der

Hodiaŭ estas sabato, kaj morgaŭ estos dimanĉo.

Today is Saturday, and tomorrow will be Sunday.

days of the week: tago de semajno: lundo · mardo · merkredo · ĵaŭdo · vendredo · sabato · dimanĉo [edit]


mardo

eo-head

mardo (accusative singular mardon, plural mardoj, accusative plural mardojn)

mardon (accusative singular)
mardoj (plural)
mardojn (accusative plural)

From French mardi, from Latin *Martis diēs, a variant of diēs Martis (literally “day of Mars”).


vintro

vintro (accusative singular vintron, plural vintroj, accusative plural vintrojn)

vintron (accusative singular)
vintroj (plural)
vintrojn (accusative plural)

Borrowed from German Winter and English winter.

seasons: sezono: printempo · somero · aŭtuno · vintro [edit]


ia

head

ia (plural iaj, accusative singular ian, accusative plural iajn)

iaj (plural)
ian (accusative singular)
iajn (accusative plural)

From i- (indeterminate correlative prefix) + -a (correlative suffix of kind).

affix

some kind of (indeterminate correlative of kind)


du

From Latin duo, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.


kies

head

kies (interrogative and relative correlative of genitives, plural kies, accusative singular kies, accusative plural kies)

genitives (correlative-of interrogative relative)
kies (plural)
kies (accusative singular)
kies (accusative plural)

From ki- (“interrogative and relative correlative prefix”) + -es (“correlative suffix of genitives”).


tri

Borrowed from Russian три (tri), Latin trēs, English three, etc., all ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.


kaj

Mi volas picon kaj refreŝigaĵon.


ĵaŭdo

eo-head

ĵaŭdo (accusative singular ĵaŭdon, plural ĵaŭdoj, accusative plural ĵaŭdojn)

ĵaŭdon (accusative singular)
ĵaŭdoj (plural)
ĵaŭdojn (accusative plural)
jhaudo (alternative)
jxauxdo (alternative)

From French jeudi, from Latin Jovis diēs, Iovis diēs, both variants of diēs Iovis (“day of Jupiter”). Compare Spanish jueves, Italian giovedì, Arabic يُوفَادَاشْ (yūfādāš), Romanian joi.

cog

Arabic يُوفَادَاشْ (yūfādāš)


io

From i- (indeterminate correlative prefix) + -o (correlative suffix of objects).

affix

something (indeterminate correlative of objects)


septembro

eo-head

septembro (accusative singular septembron, plural septembroj, accusative plural septembrojn)

septembron (accusative singular)
septembroj (plural)
septembrojn (accusative plural)

(sometimes capitalized) September (ninth month of the Gregorian calendar)


pasko

pasko (accusative singular paskon, plural paskoj, accusative plural paskojn)

paskon (accusative singular)
paskoj (plural)
paskojn (accusative plural)

From Latin pascha, from Ancient Greek πάσχα (páskha), from Aramaic פסחא (pasḥa), from Hebrew פסח. Doublet of Pesaĥo. Compare French Pâques.

La “letero al diplomatio”, skribita dum la pasko 1915, estis lia cigno-kanto.

c. 1929, Ernest Drezen, “Lasta tragedio de Zamenhof”, in Zamenhof, Omnibus Typografi, published 2000, →ISBN, page 24:

Resurekto kaj pasko estas la plej gravaj okazintaĵoj en la ortodoksa kredo, sed ĉe Tolstoj ne temas pri tiu resurekto aŭ iu transmonda miraklo.

2000, Wolfgang Kirschstein, “Tolstoj instigas ankoraŭ hodiaŭ”, in La Ondo de Esperanto, volume 11, number 73, archived from the original on 2013-05-11:


ankaŭ

ankau (alternative)
ankaux (alternative)

Li parolas ankaŭ tri indianajn lingvojn.

He also speaks three Native American languages.

Ankaŭ al mi ĝi plaĉas.

Ŝi ankaŭ demandis al mi, de kie mi devenas.

John Cyprian Rust and A. E. Wackrill (translators), New Testament, Sankta Mateo (Matthew) 6.10,
plenumiĝu Via volo, kiel en la ĉielo, tiel ankaŭ sur la tero.
thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven (lit. as in heaven, so also on earth)


aprilo

aprilo (accusative singular aprilon, plural apriloj, accusative plural aprilojn)

aprilon (accusative singular)
apriloj (plural)
aprilojn (accusative plural)

From German April, Italian aprile, Latin Aprilis.

Januaro estas la unua monato de la jaro, Aprilo estas la kvara, Novembro estas la dek-unua, Decembro estas la dek-dua.

1903, L. L. Zamenhof, Fundamenta Krestomatio:

January is the first month of the year, April is the fourth, November is the eleventh, December is the twelfth.

(sometimes capitalized) April (fourth month of the Gregorian calendar)


aŭgusto

aŭgusto (accusative singular aŭguston, plural aŭgustoj, accusative plural aŭgustojn)

aŭguston (accusative singular)
aŭgustoj (plural)
aŭgustojn (accusative plural)
augusto (alternative)
auxgusto (alternative)
Aŭgusto (alternative)

From German August, English August, Latin augustus.

(sometimes capitalized) August (eighth month of the Gregorian calendar)


aŭtuno

aŭtuno (accusative singular aŭtunon, plural aŭtunoj, accusative plural aŭtunojn)

aŭtunon (accusative singular)
aŭtunoj (plural)
aŭtunojn (accusative plural)
autuno (alternative)
auxtuno (alternative)


bela

bela (accusative singular belan, plural belaj, accusative plural belajn)

belan (accusative singular)
belaj (plural)
belajn (accusative plural)

1907, Filipina Esperantisto, Volumes 1-2:

How beautiful are its tall mountains completely covered with plants!

1915, L. L. Zamenhof (translator), Malnova Testamento, Genezo 12:14.
Kaj kiam Abram venis Egiptujon, la Egiptoj vidis, ke la virino estas tre bela.
And when Abram came to Egypt, the Egyptians saw that the woman was very beautiful.


bruna

bruna (accusative singular brunan, plural brunaj, accusative plural brunajn)

brunan (accusative singular)
brunaj (plural)
brunajn (accusative plural)


dek

From Ancient Greek δέκα (déka), Latin decem.


nul

Akvo glaciiĝas je nul celsiaj gradoj.


novembro

novembro (accusative singular novembron, plural novembroj, accusative plural novembrojn)

novembron (accusative singular)
novembroj (plural)
novembrojn (accusative plural)

(sometimes capitalized) November (eleventh month of the Gregorian calendar)


multa

multa (accusative singular multan, plural multaj, accusative plural multajn)

multan (accusative singular)
multaj (plural)
multajn (accusative plural)


varma

varma (accusative singular varman, plural varmaj, accusative plural varmajn)

varman (accusative singular)
varmaj (plural)
varmajn (accusative plural)

Borrowed from English warm and German warm, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *warmaz. Compare Yiddish וואַרעם (varem).

Ni portis eksteren garbojn da pajlo kaj kovris nin per feloj, sub kiuj ni restis sufiĉe varmaj kaj sekaj.

1999, Anna Löwenstein, La ŝtona urbo, Antwerp: Flandra Esperanto-Ligo, →ISBN, →OCLC:

He carried out sheaves of straw and covered us with pelts, under which we stayed warm and dry enough.


ie

From i- (indeterminate correlative prefix) + -e (correlative suffix of place).

affix

somewhere (indeterminate correlative of place)


kvar

From Latin quar-, analyzed as the root of quartus (“fourth”).


julio

eo-head

julio (accusative singular julion, plural julioj, accusative plural juliojn)

julion (accusative singular)
julioj (plural)
juliojn (accusative plural)

(sometimes capitalized) July (seventh month of the Gregorian calendar)


junio

junio (accusative singular junion, plural junioj, accusative plural juniojn)

junion (accusative singular)
junioj (plural)
juniojn (accusative plural)

(sometimes capitalized) June (sixth month of the Gregorian calendar).


senti

senti (present sentas, past sentis, future sentos, conditional sentus, volitive sentu)

sentas (present)
sentis (past)
sentos (future)
sentus (conditional)
sentu (volitive)
sentas (present)
sentis (past)
sentos (future)
sentanta (active participle present singular)
sentantaj (active participle plural present)
sentinta (active participle past singular)
sentintaj (active participle past plural)
sentonta (active future participle singular)
sentontaj (active future participle plural)
sentantan (accusative active participle present singular)
sentantajn (accusative active participle plural present)
sentintan (accusative active participle past singular)
sentintajn (accusative active participle past plural)
sentontan (accusative active future participle singular)
sentontajn (accusative active future participle plural)
sentata (participle passive present singular)
sentataj (participle passive plural present)
sentita (participle passive past singular)
sentitaj (participle passive past plural)
sentota (future participle passive singular)
sentotaj (future participle passive plural)
sentatan (accusative participle passive present singular)
sentatajn (accusative participle passive plural present)
sentitan (accusative participle passive past singular)
sentitajn (accusative participle passive past plural)
sentotan (accusative future participle passive singular)
sentotajn (accusative future participle passive plural)
sentanto (active noun-from-verb participle present singular)
sentantoj (active noun-from-verb participle plural present)
sentinto (active noun-from-verb participle past singular)
sentintoj (active noun-from-verb participle past plural)
sentonto (active future noun-from-verb participle singular)
sentontoj (active future noun-from-verb participle plural)
sentanton (accusative active noun-from-verb participle present singular)
sentantojn (accusative active noun-from-verb participle plural present)
sentinton (accusative active noun-from-verb participle past singular)
sentintojn (accusative active noun-from-verb participle past plural)
sentonton (accusative active future noun-from-verb participle singular)
sentontojn (accusative active future noun-from-verb participle plural)
sentato (noun-from-verb participle passive present singular)
sentatoj (noun-from-verb participle passive plural present)
sentito (noun-from-verb participle passive past singular)
sentitoj (noun-from-verb participle passive past plural)
sentoto (future noun-from-verb participle passive singular)
sentotoj (future noun-from-verb participle passive plural)
sentaton (accusative noun-from-verb participle passive present singular)
sentatojn (accusative noun-from-verb participle passive plural present)
sentiton (accusative noun-from-verb participle passive past singular)
sentitojn (accusative noun-from-verb participle passive past plural)
sentoton (accusative future noun-from-verb participle passive singular)
sentotojn (accusative future noun-from-verb participle passive plural)
sentante (active adverbial participle present)
sentinte (active adverbial participle past)
sentonte (active adverbial future participle)
sentate (adverbial participle passive present)
sentite (adverbial participle passive past)
sentote (adverbial future participle passive)
senti (infinitive plural present)
sentu (imperative past plural)
sentus (conditional future plural)

Ido: sentar

From French sentir and Italian sentire, from Latin sentiō.

Ŝi sentis malbone hieraŭ, sed ŝi sentas pli bone hodiaŭ.

She was feeling badly yesterday, but she is feeling better today.


decembro

decembro (accusative singular decembron, plural decembroj, accusative plural decembrojn)

decembron (accusative singular)
decembroj (plural)
decembrojn (accusative plural)

From French décembre, English December, Latin December.

(sometimes capitalized) December (twelfth month of the Gregorian calendar)


dekstra

dekstra (accusative singular dekstran, plural dekstraj, accusative plural dekstrajn)

dekstran (accusative singular)
dekstraj (plural)
dekstrajn (accusative plural)

1915, L. L. Zamenhof (translator), Malnova Testamento, Eliro 15:12.
Vi etendis Vian dekstran manon,
Kaj ilin englutis la tero.
You stretched out Your right hand,


dimanĉo

dimanĉo (accusative singular dimanĉon, plural dimanĉoj, accusative plural dimanĉojn)

dimanĉon (accusative singular)
dimanĉoj (plural)
dimanĉojn (accusative plural)
dimancho (alternative)
dimancxo (alternative)

Borrowed from French dimanche, ultimately from Latin diēs Dominicus (literally “day of the Lord”). Compare Spanish and Portuguese domingo, Italian domenica, Romanian duminică.


kia

eo-det

kia (accusative singular kian, plural kiaj, accusative plural kiajn)

kian (accusative singular)
kiaj (plural)
kiajn (accusative plural)

From ki- (interrogative and relative correlative prefix) + -a (correlative suffix of kind).

af

Mi ne scias kian koloron almeti por la ĉielo.

I do not know what kind of color to put on for the sky.

what kind of, which kind of (the interrogative and relative correlative of kind)


ies

head

ies (plural ies, accusative singular ies, accusative plural ies)

ies (plural)
ies (accusative singular)
ies (accusative plural)

From i- (indeterminate correlative prefix) + -es (correlative suffix of genitives).

affix

someone's (indeterminate correlative of genitives)


merkredo

eo-head

merkredo (accusative singular merkredon, plural merkredoj, accusative plural merkredojn)

merkredon (accusative singular)
merkredoj (plural)
merkredojn (accusative plural)

From French mercredi, from Latin Mercuriī diēs, a variant of diēs Mercuriī (“day of Mercury”). Compare Italian mercoledì, Spanish miércoles, Romanian miercuri.


lundo

lundo (accusative singular lundon, plural lundoj, accusative plural lundojn)

lundon (accusative singular)
lundoj (plural)
lundojn (accusative plural)

From French lundi, from Latin *Lūnae diēs, a variant of diēs Lūnae (“day of the moon”). Compare Italian lunedì, Spanish lunes, Romanian luni.

Monday, first day of the week (according to ISO 8601)


vendredo

vendredo (accusative singular vendredon, plural vendredoj, accusative plural vendredojn)

vendredon (accusative singular)
vendredoj (plural)
vendredojn (accusative plural)

From French vendredi, from Latin Veneris diēs, a variant of diēs Veneris (“day of Venus”). Compare Italian venerdì, Spanish viernes, Romanian vineri.


kiu

eo-det

kiu (accusative singular kiun, plural kiuj, accusative plural kiujn)

kiun (accusative singular)
kiuj (plural)
kiujn (accusative plural)

ki- (“interrogative and relative correlative prefix”) + -u (“correlative suffix of individuals”)


kie

ki- (interrogative and relative correlative prefix) + -e (correlative suffix of place)


kiam

ki- (“interrogative and relative correlative prefix”) + -am (“correlative suffix of time”)

when (interrogative correlative of time)


kial

ki- (“interrogative and relative correlative prefix”) + -al (“correlative suffix of reason”)


kial

Ne estas malfacile kompreni kial ŝi koleriĝis.

It isn't difficult to understand why she became angry.

Kial vi ĉiuj ne dancas?


hieraŭ

Ido: hiere

Borrowed from French hier (ultimately from Latin herī̆) + -aŭ.

hierau (alternative)
hieraux (alternative)


morgaŭ

From German morgen, Yiddish מאָרגן (morgn) + -aŭ.

morgau (alternative)
morgaux (alternative)


hodiaŭ

hodiau (alternative)
hodiaux (alternative)


iu

head

iu (plural iuj, accusative singular iun, accusative plural iujn)

iuj (plural)
iun (accusative singular)
iujn (accusative plural)

From i- (indeterminate correlative prefix) + -u (correlative suffix of individuals).

affix

Iu, kiu dezirus korespondi kun eksterlandaj gesamseksemuloj, bonvole skribu al […]

1973 December 29, J. C. Kilburn, “Esperantistoj! (personal advertisement)”, in Gay Community News, volume 1, number 28, page 10:


iel

From i- (indeterminate correlative prefix) + -el (correlative suffix of manner or degree).


iom

From i- (indeterminate correlative prefix) + -om (correlative suffix of quantity).

some of (indeterminate correlative of quantity)


nigra

eo-head

nigra (accusative singular nigran, plural nigraj, accusative plural nigrajn)

nigran (accusative singular)
nigraj (plural)
nigrajn (accusative plural)

Estas alta viro, maldika, kun nigraj haroj kaj verdaj okuloj.

1983, Claude Piron, chapter 20, in Gerda malaperis!:

It's a tall man, thin, with black hair and green eyes.


griza

griza (accusative singular grizan, plural grizaj, accusative plural grizajn)

grizan (accusative singular)
grizaj (plural)
grizajn (accusative plural)

From French gris, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *grīsaz. Compare Spanish gris, dialectal German gries, Dutch grijs, Italian grigio, English grizzle.


kvin

From Latin quīnque. Doublet of Pompejo, punĉo, and keno.


naŭ

From Latin novem, German neun, English nine.


preskaŭ

preskau (alternative)
preskaux (alternative)

Pripensante tion, Antonio preskaŭ ekploris.

Thinking about that, Antonio almost burst into tears.


havi

havi (present havas, past havis, future havos, conditional havus, volitive havu)

havas (present)
havis (past)
havos (future)
havus (conditional)
havu (volitive)
havas (present)
havis (past)
havos (future)
havanta (active participle present singular)
havantaj (active participle plural present)
havinta (active participle past singular)
havintaj (active participle past plural)
havonta (active future participle singular)
havontaj (active future participle plural)
havantan (accusative active participle present singular)
havantajn (accusative active participle plural present)
havintan (accusative active participle past singular)
havintajn (accusative active participle past plural)
havontan (accusative active future participle singular)
havontajn (accusative active future participle plural)
havata (participle passive present singular)
havataj (participle passive plural present)
havita (participle passive past singular)
havitaj (participle passive past plural)
havota (future participle passive singular)
havotaj (future participle passive plural)
havatan (accusative participle passive present singular)
havatajn (accusative participle passive plural present)
havitan (accusative participle passive past singular)
havitajn (accusative participle passive past plural)
havotan (accusative future participle passive singular)
havotajn (accusative future participle passive plural)
havanto (active noun-from-verb participle present singular)
havantoj (active noun-from-verb participle plural present)
havinto (active noun-from-verb participle past singular)
havintoj (active noun-from-verb participle past plural)
havonto (active future noun-from-verb participle singular)
havontoj (active future noun-from-verb participle plural)
havanton (accusative active noun-from-verb participle present singular)
havantojn (accusative active noun-from-verb participle plural present)
havinton (accusative active noun-from-verb participle past singular)
havintojn (accusative active noun-from-verb participle past plural)
havonton (accusative active future noun-from-verb participle singular)
havontojn (accusative active future noun-from-verb participle plural)
havato (noun-from-verb participle passive present singular)
havatoj (noun-from-verb participle passive plural present)
havito (noun-from-verb participle passive past singular)
havitoj (noun-from-verb participle passive past plural)
havoto (future noun-from-verb participle passive singular)
havotoj (future noun-from-verb participle passive plural)
havaton (accusative noun-from-verb participle passive present singular)
havatojn (accusative noun-from-verb participle passive plural present)
haviton (accusative noun-from-verb participle passive past singular)
havitojn (accusative noun-from-verb participle passive past plural)
havoton (accusative future noun-from-verb participle passive singular)
havotojn (accusative future noun-from-verb participle passive plural)
havante (active adverbial participle present)
havinte (active adverbial participle past)
havonte (active adverbial future participle)
havate (adverbial participle passive present)
havite (adverbial participle passive past)
havote (adverbial future participle passive)
havi (infinitive plural present)
havu (imperative past plural)
havus (conditional future plural)

Borrowed from English have, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to have”). Compare German haben, Swedish hava.

Mi havas elektran torĉon, sed mi ne havas bateriojn.

I have a flashlight, but I don't have batteries.


koni

koni (present konas, past konis, future konos, conditional konus, volitive konu)

konas (present)
konis (past)
konos (future)
konus (conditional)
konu (volitive)
konas (present)
konis (past)
konos (future)
konanta (active participle present singular)
konantaj (active participle plural present)
koninta (active participle past singular)
konintaj (active participle past plural)
kononta (active future participle singular)
konontaj (active future participle plural)
konantan (accusative active participle present singular)
konantajn (accusative active participle plural present)
konintan (accusative active participle past singular)
konintajn (accusative active participle past plural)
konontan (accusative active future participle singular)
konontajn (accusative active future participle plural)
konata (participle passive present singular)
konataj (participle passive plural present)
konita (participle passive past singular)
konitaj (participle passive past plural)
konota (future participle passive singular)
konotaj (future participle passive plural)
konatan (accusative participle passive present singular)
konatajn (accusative participle passive plural present)
konitan (accusative participle passive past singular)
konitajn (accusative participle passive past plural)
konotan (accusative future participle passive singular)
konotajn (accusative future participle passive plural)
konanto (active noun-from-verb participle present singular)
konantoj (active noun-from-verb participle plural present)
koninto (active noun-from-verb participle past singular)
konintoj (active noun-from-verb participle past plural)
kononto (active future noun-from-verb participle singular)
konontoj (active future noun-from-verb participle plural)
konanton (accusative active noun-from-verb participle present singular)
konantojn (accusative active noun-from-verb participle plural present)
koninton (accusative active noun-from-verb participle past singular)
konintojn (accusative active noun-from-verb participle past plural)
kononton (accusative active future noun-from-verb participle singular)
konontojn (accusative active future noun-from-verb participle plural)
konato (noun-from-verb participle passive present singular)
konatoj (noun-from-verb participle passive plural present)
konito (noun-from-verb participle passive past singular)
konitoj (noun-from-verb participle passive past plural)
konoto (future noun-from-verb participle passive singular)
konotoj (future noun-from-verb participle passive plural)
konaton (accusative noun-from-verb participle passive present singular)
konatojn (accusative noun-from-verb participle passive plural present)
koniton (accusative noun-from-verb participle passive past singular)
konitojn (accusative noun-from-verb participle passive past plural)
konoton (accusative future noun-from-verb participle passive singular)
konotojn (accusative future noun-from-verb participle passive plural)
konante (active adverbial participle present)
koninte (active adverbial participle past)
kononte (active adverbial future participle)
konate (adverbial participle passive present)
konite (adverbial participle passive past)
konote (adverbial future participle passive)
koni (infinitive plural present)
konu (imperative past plural)
konus (conditional future plural)

From French connaître and Italian conoscere, influenced by English know, German kennen, Yiddish קענען (kenen).

Mi ne scias, kial ŝi invitis min al ŝia nupto...mi apenaŭ konas ŝin!

I don't know why she invited me to her wedding...I barely know her!

(transitive) to be well acquainted with, be familiar with, know


scii

scii (present scias, past sciis, future scios, conditional scius, volitive sciu)

scias (present)
sciis (past)
scios (future)
scius (conditional)
sciu (volitive)
scias (present)
sciis (past)
scios (future)
scianta (active participle present singular)
sciantaj (active participle plural present)
sciinta (active participle past singular)
sciintaj (active participle past plural)
scionta (active future participle singular)
sciontaj (active future participle plural)
sciantan (accusative active participle present singular)
sciantajn (accusative active participle plural present)
sciintan (accusative active participle past singular)
sciintajn (accusative active participle past plural)
sciontan (accusative active future participle singular)
sciontajn (accusative active future participle plural)
sciata (participle passive present singular)
sciataj (participle passive plural present)
sciita (participle passive past singular)
sciitaj (participle passive past plural)
sciota (future participle passive singular)
sciotaj (future participle passive plural)
sciatan (accusative participle passive present singular)
sciatajn (accusative participle passive plural present)
sciitan (accusative participle passive past singular)
sciitajn (accusative participle passive past plural)
sciotan (accusative future participle passive singular)
sciotajn (accusative future participle passive plural)
scianto (active noun-from-verb participle present singular)
sciantoj (active noun-from-verb participle plural present)
sciinto (active noun-from-verb participle past singular)
sciintoj (active noun-from-verb participle past plural)
scionto (active future noun-from-verb participle singular)
sciontoj (active future noun-from-verb participle plural)
scianton (accusative active noun-from-verb participle present singular)
sciantojn (accusative active noun-from-verb participle plural present)
sciinton (accusative active noun-from-verb participle past singular)
sciintojn (accusative active noun-from-verb participle past plural)
scionton (accusative active future noun-from-verb participle singular)
sciontojn (accusative active future noun-from-verb participle plural)
sciato (noun-from-verb participle passive present singular)
sciatoj (noun-from-verb participle passive plural present)
sciito (noun-from-verb participle passive past singular)
sciitoj (noun-from-verb participle passive past plural)
scioto (future noun-from-verb participle passive singular)
sciotoj (future noun-from-verb participle passive plural)
sciaton (accusative noun-from-verb participle passive present singular)
sciatojn (accusative noun-from-verb participle passive plural present)
sciiton (accusative noun-from-verb participle passive past singular)
sciitojn (accusative noun-from-verb participle passive past plural)
scioton (accusative future noun-from-verb participle passive singular)
sciotojn (accusative future noun-from-verb participle passive plural)
sciante (active adverbial participle present)
sciinte (active adverbial participle past)
scionte (active adverbial future participle)
sciate (adverbial participle passive present)
sciite (adverbial participle passive past)
sciote (adverbial future participle passive)
scii (infinitive plural present)
sciu (imperative past plural)
scius (conditional future plural)

From Latin scīre. Compare Italian scire, Romanian ști.

Mi ne scias la respondon.


frua

frua (accusative singular fruan, plural fruaj, accusative plural fruajn)

fruan (accusative singular)
fruaj (plural)
fruajn (accusative plural)


mateno

mateno (accusative singular matenon, plural matenoj, accusative plural matenojn)

matenon (accusative singular)
matenoj (plural)
matenojn (accusative plural)

Mi ŝatus pasigi la matenon legante la ĵurnalon kaj trinkante kafon.

I would like to spend the morning reading the paper and drinking coffee.


semajno

semajno (accusative singular semajnon, plural semajnoj, accusative plural semajnojn)

semajnon (accusative singular)
semajnoj (plural)
semajnojn (accusative plural)

Orthographic borrowing from French semaine, derived from Late Latin septimāna, derived from Latin septimānus (“of or pertaining to the seventh in a series”). Compare Spanish semana, Italian settimàna, as well as Romanian săptămână and Moroccan Arabic سيمانة (sīmāna).

der

septimānus<t:of or pertaining to the seventh in a series>

der+

En jaro estas kvindek du semajnoj.

Nia Tommy jam tutan semajnon parolas pri nenio alia.

Our Tommy already for the whole week has talked about nothing else.


vespero

eo-head

vespero (accusative singular vesperon, plural vesperoj, accusative plural vesperojn)

vesperon (accusative singular)
vesperoj (plural)
vesperojn (accusative plural)

From Latin vesper, from Proto-Indo-European *wekʷsperos. Doublet of vesperto.

amuzvespero

evening of entertainment; evening party, soirée; fun night


esperi

esperi (present esperas, past esperis, future esperos, conditional esperus, volitive esperu)

esperas (present)
esperis (past)
esperos (future)
esperus (conditional)
esperu (volitive)
esperas (present)
esperis (past)
esperos (future)
esperanta (active participle present singular)
esperantaj (active participle plural present)
esperinta (active participle past singular)
esperintaj (active participle past plural)
esperonta (active future participle singular)
esperontaj (active future participle plural)
esperantan (accusative active participle present singular)
esperantajn (accusative active participle plural present)
esperintan (accusative active participle past singular)
esperintajn (accusative active participle past plural)
esperontan (accusative active future participle singular)
esperontajn (accusative active future participle plural)
esperata (participle passive present singular)
esperataj (participle passive plural present)
esperita (participle passive past singular)
esperitaj (participle passive past plural)
esperota (future participle passive singular)
esperotaj (future participle passive plural)
esperatan (accusative participle passive present singular)
esperatajn (accusative participle passive plural present)
esperitan (accusative participle passive past singular)
esperitajn (accusative participle passive past plural)
esperotan (accusative future participle passive singular)
esperotajn (accusative future participle passive plural)
esperanto (active noun-from-verb participle present singular)
esperantoj (active noun-from-verb participle plural present)
esperinto (active noun-from-verb participle past singular)
esperintoj (active noun-from-verb participle past plural)
esperonto (active future noun-from-verb participle singular)
esperontoj (active future noun-from-verb participle plural)
esperanton (accusative active noun-from-verb participle present singular)
esperantojn (accusative active noun-from-verb participle plural present)
esperinton (accusative active noun-from-verb participle past singular)
esperintojn (accusative active noun-from-verb participle past plural)
esperonton (accusative active future noun-from-verb participle singular)
esperontojn (accusative active future noun-from-verb participle plural)
esperato (noun-from-verb participle passive present singular)
esperatoj (noun-from-verb participle passive plural present)
esperito (noun-from-verb participle passive past singular)
esperitoj (noun-from-verb participle passive past plural)
esperoto (future noun-from-verb participle passive singular)
esperotoj (future noun-from-verb participle passive plural)
esperaton (accusative noun-from-verb participle passive present singular)
esperatojn (accusative noun-from-verb participle passive plural present)
esperiton (accusative noun-from-verb participle passive past singular)
esperitojn (accusative noun-from-verb participle passive past plural)
esperoton (accusative future noun-from-verb participle passive singular)
esperotojn (accusative future noun-from-verb participle passive plural)
esperante (active adverbial participle present)
esperinte (active adverbial participle past)
esperonte (active adverbial future participle)
esperate (adverbial participle passive present)
esperite (adverbial participle passive past)
esperote (adverbial future participle passive)
esperi (infinitive plural present)
esperu (imperative past plural)
esperus (conditional future plural)

Borrowed from French espérer and Spanish esperar, from Latin spērō; ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *speh₁- (“to prosper, succeed”).

der

Mi esperas, ke li ne preterlasis la vagonaron.

1907, Henri Vallienne, Kastelo de Prelongo, ch. 1:

Mi esperas, ke mi mem min helpos.

1910, L. L. Zamenhof (translator), Marta, Paris: Librairie Hachette, translation of original by Eliza Orzeszkowa, page 67:

Ĉu vi supozus, ke mi ĝojos pri la malnobleco de viaj parencoj? — gratulos min, ke mi esperas parencojn, kies vivkondiĉoj estas tiom definitive sub la miaj?

(Can we date this quote?), Donald J. Harlow (translator), Fiereco kaj antaŭjuĝemo, translation of Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen, archived from the original on 2012-03-02, chapter 34:

Could you expect me to rejoice in the inferiority of your connexions? — to congratulate myself on the hope of relations, whose condition in life is so decidedly beneath my own?


hela

eo-head

hela (accusative singular helan, plural helaj, accusative plural helajn)

helan (accusative singular)
helaj (plural)
helajn (accusative plural)

Li estas juna homo kun helaj, bravaj okuloj.

1997, Henrik Ibsen, translated by Odd Tangerud, John Gabriel Borkman:

He is a young man with bright, brave eyes.


nokto

nokto (accusative singular nokton, plural noktoj, accusative plural noktojn)

nokton (accusative singular)
noktoj (plural)
noktojn (accusative plural)


majo

majo (accusative singular majon, plural majoj, accusative plural majojn)

majon (accusative singular)
majoj (plural)
majojn (accusative plural)

(sometimes capitalized) May (fifth month of the Gregorian calendar)


ial

From i- (indeterminate correlative prefix) + -al (correlative suffix of reason).

affix

for some reason (indeterminate correlative of reason)


multaj

head

multaj pl (singular multa, accusative singular multan, accusative plural multajn)

multa (singular)
multan (accusative singular)
multajn (accusative plural)


januaro

eo-head

januaro (accusative singular januaron, plural januaroj, accusative plural januarojn)

januaron (accusative singular)
januaroj (plural)
januarojn (accusative plural)
Januaro (alternative)

Januaro estas la unua monato de la jaro, Aprilo estas la kvara, Novembro estas la dek-unua, Decembro estas la dek-dua.

(sometimes capitalized) January (first month of the Gregorian calendar)


februaro

februaro (accusative singular februaron, plural februaroj, accusative plural februarojn)

februaron (accusative singular)
februaroj (plural)
februarojn (accusative plural)
Februaro (alternative)

(sometimes capitalized) February (second month of the Gregorian calendar)


oktobro

oktobro (accusative singular oktobron, plural oktobroj, accusative plural oktobrojn)

oktobron (accusative singular)
oktobroj (plural)
oktobrojn (accusative plural)

(sometimes capitalized) October (tenth month of the Gregorian calendar)


printempo

printempo (accusative singular printempon, plural printempoj, accusative plural printempojn)

printempon (accusative singular)
printempoj (plural)
printempojn (accusative plural)

Borrowed from French printemps, ultimately from Latin prīmum tempus.


supren

up, upwards (direction away from the center of the Earth)


marto

marto (accusative singular marton, plural martoj, accusative plural martojn)

marton (accusative singular)
martoj (plural)
martojn (accusative plural)

Borrowed from Russian март (mart), ultimately from Latin Mārtius, from Old Latin Māvors (“Mars”). Cognates include German März, Yiddish מאַרץ (marts), English March, Italian marzo, French mars. Doublet of Marso.

(sometimes capitalized) March (third month of the Gregorian calendar)


somero

somero (accusative singular someron, plural someroj, accusative plural somerojn)

someron (accusative singular)
someroj (plural)
somerojn (accusative plural)


sezono

sezono (accusative singular sezonon, plural sezonoj, accusative plural sezonojn)

sezonon (accusative singular)
sezonoj (plural)
sezonojn (accusative plural)

From French saison, ultimately from Latin satiō (“a sowing; planting”). Compare Spanish sazón, Portuguese sazão, Romanian sezon, Irish séasún.

Kia bela sezono estas la printempo!

season (four divisions of a year: spring, summer, autumn and winter)


antaŭhieraŭ

antauhierau (alternative)
antauxhieraux (alternative)

— Ĉu Lemuel pasigis ĉi tie la nokton antaŭhieraŭ, — ŝi demandis.

1924, H.A. Luyken, Pro Iŝtar: Romano el la antikva Babela historio, Leipzig: Ferdinand Hirt & Sohn:

"Did Lemuel spend the night here the day before yesterday?", she asked.

day before yesterday
day before yesterday


postmorgaŭ

From post (“after”) + morgaŭ (“tomorrow”).

postmorgau (alternative)
postmorgaux (alternative)

Sed mi devas iradi hodiaŭ kaj morgaŭ kaj postmorgaŭ, ĉar ne povas esti, ke profeto pereos ekster Jerusalem. [Luko 13:33]

1916, Britaj pastroj, La Sankta Biblio, London: Brita kaj Alilanda Biblia Societo:

Nevertheless I must journey on today and tomorrow and the next day; for it cannot be that a prophet would perish outside of Jerusalem. [Luke 13:33]


rozkolora

rozkolora (accusative singular rozkoloran, plural rozkoloraj, accusative plural rozkolorajn)

rozkoloran (accusative singular)
rozkoloraj (plural)
rozkolorajn (accusative plural)
rozokolora (alternative)

From rozo (“rose”) + kolora (“colored”).