usta

ūstà (canonical neuter plural)
b (accent-paradigm)
ūstà (nominative plural)
ũstъ (genitive plural)
ūstòmъ (dative plural)
ūstà (accusative plural)
ũsty (instrumental plural)
ũstěxъ (locative plural)
ūstà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: уста (usta)
Old Ruthenian: уста (usta)
Carpathian Rusyn: уста́ (ustá)
Ukrainian: вуста́ (vustá), уста́ (ustá)
Russian: уста́ (ustá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: оуста (usta)

Bulgarian: уста́ (ustá)

Macedonian: уста (usta)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: у́ста

Latin script: ústa

Slovene: ústa (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: usta, ústa, ousta
Czech: ústa

Old Polish: usta
Polish: usta

Polabian: vaustă

Slovak: ústa

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wusta

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃éh₁os (“mouth”).

ustàtъ

having big mouth; figr. chatty, garrulous


utro

ùtro (canonical neuter)
a (accent-paradigm)
ùtro (nominative singular)
ùtrě (dual nominative)
ùtra (nominative plural)
ùtra (genitive singular)
ùtru (dual genitive)
ùtrъ (genitive plural)
ùtru (dative singular)
ùtroma (dative dual)
ùtromъ (dative plural)
ùtro (accusative singular)
ùtrě (accusative dual)
ùtra (accusative plural)
ùtrъmь (instrumental singular)
ùtromь (instrumental singular)
ùtroma (dual instrumental)
ùtrȳ (instrumental plural)
ùtrě (locative singular)
ùtru (dual locative)
ùtrě̄xъ (locative plural)
ùtro (singular vocative)
ùtrě (dual vocative)
ùtra (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: утро (utro)

Russian: у́тро (útro)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

desc

Old Cyrillic script: оутро (utro), ютро (jutro)

Glagolitic script: ⱆⱅⱃⱁ (utro), ⱓⱅⱃⱁ (jutro)

Bulgarian: у́тро (útro); Bulgarian: ютру (jutru) (dialectal)

Macedonian: утро (utro)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ју̏тро

Latin script: jȕtro

Slovene: jútro (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jutro
Czech: jitro

desctree

Old Polish: jutro
Polish: jutro
Silesian: jutro

Old Slovak: jutro

desc

Pannonian Rusyn: ютре (jutre), ютро (jutro)

Slovak: jutro (obsolete)

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: witro, jitro, jutro, witre

Slovincian: wjitrô

Polabian: jautrü

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: jutro

Lower Sorbian: jutšo

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *auštrā́ˀ (“dawn, morning”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewsér (“of the dawn or morning, matutinal; eastern”), from *h₂ews- (“dawn; east”).
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian aušrà, dial. auštrà (“dawn”), Latvian àustra, aũstra (“dawn”). Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek αὔρᾱ (aúrā, “(esp. cool) breeze, fresh air of the morning”), Latin auster (“south wind”), Proto-Germanic *austrą (“east”), Proto-Germanic *Austrǭ (“Easter, springtime; name of a goddess”) (presumably from the goddess of the dawn, lust, fertility and spring, associated with the beginning of the year).
A variant *jutro appears in West Slavic, Slovenian and Serbo-Croatian, and is also attested in Old Church Slavonic, but considered secondary; there are further Slavic lexemes that display an alternation *ju- in West and South Slavic vs. *u- in East Slavic. Variants with *(j)ustr- point to *ustr- < *usr-, the loss of -s- being either due to dissimilation or perhaps due to the law of open syllables, if the -s- was variably assigned to the end of the first syllable. According to Kortlandt, the acute on the root implies a zero-grade variant (which would have parallels in Sanskrit उस्र (usrá-, “reddish, ruddy, bright, matutinal”), उस्रा (usrā́-, “dawn, morning”)), which, however, is not attested. The intrusive -t- is regular in Proto-Slavic, compare *ostrъ, *strumy.


vysь

a (accent-paradigm)
vysь (nominative singular)
vỳsi (dual nominative)
vỳsьjē (nominative plural)
vỳsī (genitive singular)
vỳsьju (dual genitive)
vỳsьjь (genitive plural)
vỳsi (dative singular)
vỳsьma (dative dual)
vỳsьmъ (dative plural)
vysь (accusative singular)
vỳsi (accusative dual)
vỳsi (accusative plural)
vỳsьmь (instrumental singular)
vỳsьma (dual instrumental)
vỳsьmī (instrumental plural)
vỳsī (locative singular)
vỳsьju (dual locative)
vỳsьxъ (locative plural)
vysi (singular vocative)
vỳsi (dual vocative)
vỳsьjē (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: вис m (vis, “summit”) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ви̑с m

Latin script: vȋs m

Formally comparable with Old Irish úas (“above”), Ancient Greek ὕψι (húpsi, “aloft”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ewps-, but with problematic long grade in Slavic. Possibly further related to the adverb *upó (“above, over”).
Compare also Proto-Slavic *vъz- (“up-, super-”), *vy- (“out-, ex-”).


spěšiti

spěšenьje (noun-from-verb)
spěšiti (infinitive)
spěšitъ (supine)
spěšilъ (l-participle)
spěšenъ (participle passive past)
spěšimъ (participle passive present)
spěšь (active participle past)
spěšę (active participle present)
spěšixъ (aorist first-person singular)
spěši (aorist second-person singular)
spěši (aorist singular third-person)
spěšǫ (first-person present singular)
spěšiši (present second-person singular)
spěšitь (present singular third-person)
spěšixově (aorist dual first-person)
spěšista (aorist dual second-person)
spěšiste (aorist dual third-person)
spěšivě (dual first-person present)
spěšita (dual present second-person)
spěšite (dual present third-person)
spěšixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
spěšiste (aorist plural second-person)
spěšišę (aorist plural third-person)
spěšimъ (first-person plural present)
spěšite (plural present second-person)
spěšętь (plural present third-person)
spěšaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
spěšaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
spěšaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
spěši (imperative second-person singular)
spěši (imperative singular third-person)
spěšaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
spěšaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
spěšaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
spěšivě (dual first-person imperative)
spěšita (dual imperative second-person)
spěšaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
spěšaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
spěšaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
spěšimъ (first-person imperative plural)
spěšite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: спѣшити (spěšiti)

Belarusian: спе́шыць (spjéšycʹ)

Russian: спеши́ть (spešítʹ, “to hurry”), 1sg. спешу́ (spešú), 3sg. спеши́т (spešít)

Ukrainian: спіши́ти (spišýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: спѣшити (spěšiti, “to strive, to hurry”)

Glagolitic: ⱄⱂⱑⱎⰻⱅⰻ (spěšiti)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: spẹ́šiti (“to hurry, to rush”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. spẹ̑šim (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: spěšiti (“to hurry”)

Czech: spíšiti (obsolete), spěšiti (“to hurry”) (obsolete)

Polish: śpieszyć (“to hurry”)

From *spě̑xъ (“haste”) + *-iti, from *spě̀ti (“advance, ripen, hurry”) + *-xъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *spḗˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *spéh₁-ti (root present), from *speh₁- (“succeed, prosper”). Compare Proto-West Germanic *spōdijan.


sǫdi

sǫdì (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
sǫdь̀ja (nominative singular)
sǫdь̀ji (dual nominative)
sǫdь̀ję̇ (nominative plural)
sǫdь̀ję̇ (genitive singular)
sǫdь̀ju (dual genitive)
sǫdь̀jь (genitive plural)
sǫdь̀ji (dative singular)
sǫdь̀jama (dative dual)
sǫdь̀jamъ (dative plural)
sǫdь̀jǫ (accusative singular)
sǫdь̀ji (accusative dual)
sǫdь̀ję̇ (accusative plural)
sǫdь̀jejǫ (instrumental singular)
sǫdь̀jǫ (instrumental singular)
sǫdь̀jama (dual instrumental)
sǫdь̀jamī (instrumental plural)
sǫdь̀ji (locative singular)
sǫdь̀ju (dual locative)
sǫdь̀jasъ (locative plural)
sǫdь̀jaxъ (locative plural)
sǫdьje (singular vocative)
sǫdь̀ji (dual vocative)
sǫdь̀ję̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: сꙋди (sudi), сꙋдии (sudii), сꙋдиꙗ (sudija)

Belarusian: суддзя́ (suddzjá), судзьдзя́ (sudzʹdzjá)

Russian: судья́ (sudʹjá)

Ukrainian: суддя́ (suddjá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: сѫди (sǫdi), сѫдии (sǫdii)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: съдия́ (sǎdijá)

Macedonian: судија (sudija)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: су̀дија

Latin script: sùdija

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: sọ́dij, sọ́dja (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: sãdza

Old Czech: sudí

Czech: sudí

Old Polish: sędzia

Polish: sędzia

Silesian: syńdzia

From Proto-Indo-European *som-dʰh₁-ih₂, from *som- + *dʰeh₁- + *-ih₂. Cognate with Lithuanian samdà (“rent”), samdýti (“to hire”), Sanskrit संधि (saṃdhí, “connection, treaty, peace”).


sǫditi

sǫdìti (canonical)
sǭdìti (canonical imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
sǫďenьje (noun-from-verb)
sǫditi (infinitive)
sǫditъ (supine)
sǫdilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
sǫďenъ (participle passive past)
sǫdimъ (participle passive present)
sǫďь (active participle past)
sǫdę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
sǫdixъ (aorist first-person singular)
sǫdi (aorist second-person singular)
sǫdi (aorist singular third-person)
sǫďǫ (first-person present singular)
sǫdiši (present second-person singular)
sǫditь (present singular third-person)
sǫdixově (aorist dual first-person)
sǫdista (aorist dual second-person)
sǫdiste (aorist dual third-person)
sǫdivě (dual first-person present)
sǫdita (dual present second-person)
sǫdite (dual present third-person)
sǫdixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sǫdiste (aorist plural second-person)
sǫdišę (aorist plural third-person)
sǫdimъ (first-person plural present)
sǫdite (plural present second-person)
sǫdętь (plural present third-person)
sǫďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sǫďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sǫďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sǫdi (imperative second-person singular)
sǫdi (imperative singular third-person)
sǫďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sǫďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sǫďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sǫdivě (dual first-person imperative)
sǫdita (dual imperative second-person)
sǫďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sǫďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sǫďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sǫdimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sǫdite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сѫди́ти (sǫdíti)

Old Ruthenian: суди́ти (sudíti)

Belarusian: судзі́ць (sudzícʹ)

Ukrainian: суди́ти (sudýty)

Middle Russian: суди́ти (sudíti)

Russian: суди́ть (sudítʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: сѫдити (sǫditi)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱘⰴⰺⱅⰺ (sǫditi)

Bulgarian: съ́дя (sǎ́dja)

Macedonian: суди (sudi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: су́дити

Latin script: súditi

Slovene: sọ́diti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: súditi

Czech: soudit

desctree

Old Polish: sędzić
Polish: sądzić
Silesian: sōndzić

Slovak: súdiť

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: sãdzëc

Slovincian: sãdzëc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: sudźić

Lower Sorbian: suźiś

→ Albanian: sodit

→ Estonian: sundima

→ Romanian: osândi


voňь

vòňь (canonical)
vòňa (canonical feminine)
b (accent-paradigm)
vòňь (nominative singular)
voňì (dual nominative)
voňì (nominative plural)
vòňi (genitive singular)
vòňьju (dual genitive)
voňь̀jь (genitive plural)
voňì (dative singular)
vòňьma (dative dual)
voňь̀mъ (dative plural)
vòňь (accusative singular)
voňì (accusative dual)
voňì (accusative plural)
vòňьjǫ (instrumental singular)
vòňьma (dual instrumental)
vòňьmī (instrumental plural)
vòňi (locative singular)
vòňьju (dual locative)
voňь̀xъ (locative plural)
voňi (singular vocative)
voňì (dual vocative)
voňì (plural vocative)
b (accent-paradigm)
vòňa (nominative singular)
vòňi (dual nominative)
vòňę̇ (nominative plural)
vòňę̇ (genitive singular)
vòňu (dual genitive)
vòňь (genitive plural)
vòňi (dative singular)
vòňama (dative dual)
vòňamъ (dative plural)
vòňǫ (accusative singular)
vòňi (accusative dual)
vòňę̇ (accusative plural)
vòňejǫ (instrumental singular)
vòňǫ (instrumental singular)
vòňama (dual instrumental)
vòňamī (instrumental plural)
vòňi (locative singular)
vòňu (dual locative)
vòňasъ (locative plural)
vòňaxъ (locative plural)
voňe (singular vocative)
vòňi (dual vocative)
vòňę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вонꙗ (vonja)

desc

Old Ruthenian: вонь (vonʹ), вонꙗ (vonja)

Ukrainian: во́ня (vónja)

Middle Russian: вонь (vonʹ), вонꙗ (vonja)

Russian: вонь (vonʹ, “stench, bad smell”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: вонꙗ (vonja), вонь (vonĭ)

Bulgarian: воня́ (vonjá)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: во̑њ (“stench, bad smell in modern usage”), во̏ња

Latin script: vȏnj (“stench, bad smell in modern usage”), vȍnja

Slovene: vọ́nja (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vóně

Czech: vůně

Kashubian: wòniô

Polabian: vińă

Polish: woń

Silesian: wōń

Slovak: vôňa

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wón

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wánjāˀ; Derksen suggests a possible derivation as jā-stem from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁- (“to breathe”).


ulьjь

ulьjь (nominative singular)
ulьja (dual nominative)
ulьji (nominative plural)
ulьja (genitive singular)
ulьju (dual genitive)
ulьjь (genitive plural)
ulьju (dative singular)
ulьjema (dative dual)
ulьjemъ (dative plural)
ulьjь (accusative singular)
ulьja (accusative dual)
ulьję̇ (accusative plural)
ulьjьmь (instrumental singular)
ulьjemь (instrumental singular)
ulьjema (dual instrumental)
ulьji (instrumental plural)
ulьji (locative singular)
ulьju (dual locative)
ulьjixъ (locative plural)
ulьju (singular vocative)
ulьja (dual vocative)
ulьji (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ву́лей (vúljej)

Russian: у́лей (úlej)

Carpathian Rusyn: уль (ulʹ)

Ukrainian: у́лій (úlij), ву́лій (vúlij)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: улей (ulej)

Macedonian: улиште (ulište) (< *ulьjьšče)

Slovene: ȗlj

West: Slavic:

Old Czech: úlí

Czech: úl

Bohemian (Chod dialect): houl

Polish: ul

Slovak: úľ

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wul

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *aulios, whence also Lithuanian aulỹs (“(bee)hive”), Latvian aũlis (“(bee)hive”), and Old Prussian aulis (“shin(bone)”); from an i-stem derivative of Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewlós, nominalization of *h₂ewlo- (“tube, hole, channel”), to which compare the dialectal meanings “hollow tree” in Slovene and “pipe,
opening” in Bulgarian.
Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek αὐλός (aulós, “tube, pipe, flute; haulm”), αὐλών (aulṓn, “hollow, channel, strait”), Old Armenian ուղի (ułi, “road, path, way”), Hittite [script needed] (halluwa-, “hollow, pit”) and/or 𒀀𒌑𒇷𒅖 (a-ú-li-iš /aulis/, “tube-shaped organ in the neck”), Latin alvus (“hollow, cavity; trough, hold of a ship”), and dialectal Norwegian aul (“(hollow stalk of) wild angelica”).


trupъ

trȗpъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
trȗpъ (nominative singular)
trȗpa (dual nominative)
trȗpi (nominative plural)
trȗpa (genitive singular)
trupù (dual genitive)
trũpъ (genitive plural)
trȗpu (dative singular)
trupomà (dative dual)
trupòmъ (dative plural)
trȗpъ (accusative singular)
trȗpa (accusative dual)
trȗpy (accusative plural)
trȗpъmь (instrumental singular)
trȗpomь (instrumental singular)
trupomà (dual instrumental)
trupý (instrumental plural)
trȗpě (locative singular)
trupù (dual locative)
trupě̃xъ (locative plural)
trupe (singular vocative)
trȗpa (dual vocative)
trȗpi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: трупъ (trupŭ)

Old Ruthenian: трупъ (trup)

Belarusian: труп (trup)

Ukrainian: труп (trup)

Middle Russian: трупъ (trup)

Russian: труп (trup)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: троупъ (trupŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱅⱃⱆⱂⱏ (trupŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тру̑п

Latin script: trȗp

Slovene: trȗp

→ Slovak: trup

→ Czech: trup

West Slavic:

Old Czech: trúp

Kashubian: trup

Old Polish: trup

Polish: trup

Other:

→ Albanian: trup

→ Megleno-Romanian: trup

→ Romanian: trup

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *traupás. Cognate with Lithuanian traupùs (“fragile, brittle”).