above

From Middle English above, aboven, abuven, from Old English ābufan, onbufan, from on (“on”) + bufan (“over”), (akin to Icelandic ofan (“from above”), Middle Dutch bōven, Old Frisian bova, Middle High German bobene) from bī (“by”) + ufan (“over”); also cognate with Danish oven, Dutch boven, German oben, Swedish ovan, Old Saxon oƀan, Old High German obana.
The preposition, adjective and the noun derive from the adverb.

above and beyond the call of duty

over and above


abroad

First attested in mid 13th century. From Middle English abrood (“broadly widely scattered”), from a- (“on, in”) + brood (“broad”). Equivalent to a- + broad.

inh

abrode (alternative obsolete)
overbroad (alternative obsolete)
abread (alternative Scotland)
abreed (alternative Scotland)
abrede (alternative Scotland)
abraid (alternative Scotland)

A closer look at North Korean history reveals what Pyongyang’s leaders really want their near-farcical belligerence to achieve — a reminder to the world that North Korea exists, and an impression abroad that its leaders are irrational and unpredictable.

2013 April 9, Andrei Lankov, “Stay Cool. Call North Korea’s Bluff.”, in New York Times:

Another prince, deposed by the Revolution, was living abroad.

1848, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter XIV, in The History of England from the Accession of James II, volume 3:

Beyond the bounds of a country; in foreign countries.

I went to St. James', where another was preaching in the court abroad.

p. 1650, John Evelyn, edited by William Bray, Diary, Frederic Warne and Company, published 1818, entry for 1650 July 7, page 207:

Again: The lonely fox roams far abroad, / On ſecret rapine bend and midnight fraud; […]

1718, Matthew Prior, Solomon, and other Poems on several Occasions:

She spoke to Strickland in a language of her own, and whenever in her walks abroad she saw things calculated to destroy the peace of Her Majesty the Queen Empress, she returned to her master and gave him information.

1891, Rudyard Kipling, The Return of Imray:

Was it so irreconcilable, Warwick wondered, as still to peal out the curfew bell, which at nine o'clock at night had clamorously warned all negroes, slave or free, that it was unlawful for them to be abroad after that hour, under penalty of imprisonment or whipping?

1900, Charles W. Chesnutt, chapter 1, in The House Behind the Cedars:

But the time was soon over, and before he realized it Tarzan found himself abroad again. Several times De Coude had called, and when he found that Tarzan was anxious for employment of some nature he promised to see what could be done to find a berth for him.

1913, Edgar Rice Burroughs, The Return of Tarzan, New York: Ballantyne Books, published 1963, page 55:

There were very few people abroad and the two men standing quietly under a tree on the opposite side of the boulevard looked out of place.

1953, Ian Fleming, chapter 6, in Casino Royale, page 34:

(dated) Without a certain confine; outside the house; away from one's abode.

на открито

without a certain confine; outside the house

Not on target; astray; in error; confused; dazed.

(sports) Played elsewhere than one's home grounds.


abroad

[...] much shorter than an abroad trip at eight nights although the average spending per person night is only slightly less on a US trip than an abroad trip, $37 compared with $41. Around half of Canadian trips to other countries are to Europe.

1991, Alan Jefferson, Leonard John Lickorish, Marketing Tourism: A Practical Guide:

[...] an abroad trip was going to raise some heat in the town, amongst our relatives. My family has always been the pioneers of middle-classism. My mother has still never owned a diamond.

2018 January 25, Shalini & Brajesh, My Traditional Dil-E-Maa, Notion Press, →ISBN:

[...] as her father had an abroad trip, he had dropped her mother here.

2018 April 12, Beena Sunil, Thorns of Love, Notion Press, →ISBN:

Sreeja argued with Lalit to reduce his abroad trip and Lalit did listen to her. [...] Sreeja started to feel lonely even when Lalit was around. At certain point Lalit couldn't take it anymore and left for months to an abroad trip.

2022 February 19, Deepika Kathiresan, Yuva Janani, Felicible Paradise, Unvoiced Heart, page 31:

He had contracted the disease during an abroad trip to draw up an agreement for the mass production of low-power engines.

2022 June 24, Alessandro Ferrari, Pietro Pizzo, Injection Technologies and Mixture Formation Strategies For Spark Ignition and Dual-Fuel Engines, SAE International, →ISBN, page 3:

(nonstandard, chiefly non-native speakers' English) International.


on

Etymology tree
Proto-West Germanic *ana
Old English on
Middle English on
English on
From Middle English on, from Old English on, an (“on, upon, onto, in, into”), from Proto-West Germanic *ana, from Proto-Germanic *ana (“on, at”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂en-.
Cognate with North Frisian a (“on, in”), Saterland Frisian an (“on, at”), West Frisian oan (“on, at”), Dutch aan (“on, at, to”), Low German an (“on, at”), German an (“to, at, on”), Swedish å (“on, at, in”), Faroese á (“on, onto, in, at”), Icelandic á (“on, in”), Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌰 (ana), Ancient Greek ἀνά (aná, “up, upon”), Albanian në (“in”); and from Old Norse upp á: Danish på, Swedish på, Norwegian på, see upon.

etymon

Southern US, Midland US, Philadelphia, Baltimore

(informal, chiefly in set phrases) Ellipsis of I swear on: on my life, on God, on everything, etc.


in

PIE word
 *h₁en
Preposition and verb from Middle English in, from Old English in, from Proto-Germanic *in.
Adverb, noun and adjective from Middle English in, from Old English inn and inne, from Proto-Germanic *innai.
Sense 1/2 "in"/"into" are from the original PIE prefix, with locative/accusative case respectively. Sense 3/4 "qualification"/"means" are from the PIE metaphor of all infinitives coming from locatives.

My birthday is in the first week of December.

Easter falls in the fourth lunar month.

The country reached a high level of prosperity in his first term.

Used to indicate location, inclusion, or position within spatial, temporal or abstract limits.

Will you be able to finish this in a week?

The massacre resulted in over 1000 deaths in three hours.

Within (a certain elapsed time); by the end of.


close

en-adj

close (comparative closer, superlative closest)

closer (comparative)
closest (superlative)

open

antonym(s) of “articulated with the tongue body relatively close to the hard palate”

Borrowed from French clos, from Latin clausum, participle of claudō.

close only counts in horseshoes and darts

close only counts in horseshoes and hand grenades

Is your house close?

Christmas is getting close.

[…] St. Bede's at this period of its history was perhaps the poorest and most miserable parish in the East End of London. Close-packed, crushed by the buttressed height of the railway viaduct, rendered airless by huge walls of factories, it at once banished lively interest from a stranger's mind and left only a dull oppression of the spirit.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter VII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

Having little difference or distance in place, position, or abstractly; see also close to.

At little distance; near in space or time.

No, but you were close.

We were so close to winning!

She wasn't quite in tears but she was close.

Finance is seldom romantic. But the idea of peer-to-peer lending comes close. This is an industry that brings together individual savers and lenders on online platforms. Those that want to borrow are matched with those that want to lend.

2013 June 1, “End of the peer show”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8838, page 71:

Almost, but not quite (getting to an answer, goal, or other state); near.

Phew! That was close!

(in particular) Almost resulting in disaster.

Their ages are quite close.

His face is a close fit with the artist's impression.

It was a close contest.

Nearly equal; almost evenly balanced; almost exactly matching.

a close translation; a close copy

Adhering strictly to a standard or original; exact or nearly so.

He is a close friend.

My brother and I were close when we were younger, but not so much now.

For Christmas we just had a few close relatives round.

a close colleague; a close ally

Intimate or immediate in personal relationship.

We have a close affiliation with the college.

I keep in close contact with my former colleagues.

Involving a tight connection; involving frequent communication, shared or cooperative activity, etc.

Compressed, restricted, constrained, etc.

(Ireland, UK, weather) Hot, humid, with no wind.


close

→ Irish: clós

→ Welsh: clos

closes surrounded by the venerable abodes of deans and canons.

1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter III, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:


here

From Middle English her, from Old English hēr (“at this place”), from Proto-West Germanic *hēr, from Proto-Germanic *hē₂r, from *hiz + *-r, from Proto-Indo-European *kís, from *ḱe + *ís.
Cognates
Cognate with Saterland Frisian hier, West Frisian hjir, Dutch hier, German Low German hier, German hier, Danish her, Swedish här, Norwegian her, Faroese her, Icelandic hér. Also related to the English pronoun he (“this/that person”), and the words hither (“to this place”) and hence (“from this place”).

Smith ... Here! ... Jones ... Here! ... Walters ... ... Anyone seen Walters?

Said in response to one's name being called during a roll call, indicating that one is present.


at

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd
Proto-Germanic *at
Old English æt
Middle English at
English at
From Middle English at, from Old English æt (“at, near, by, toward”), from Proto-Germanic *at (“at, near, to”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“near, at”). Cognate with Scots at (“at”), North Frisian äät, äit, et, it (“at”), Danish at (“to”), Swedish åt (“for, toward”), Norwegian åt (“to”), Faroese at (“at, to, toward”), Icelandic að (“to, towards”), Gothic 𐌰𐍄 (at, “at”), Latin ad (“to, near”).

em

not distinct from the senses expressed in English by in or on

a (unproductive; only used with a few words, as in à mesa: at the table)

(no preposition is used, e.g.:) 五點鐘 /五点钟 (wǔ diǎnzhōng) or 五點 /五点 (wǔ diǎn, literally “at five o'clock”)

at six o’clock; at dawn; at closing time; at the age of twelve; at night; at the moment

Lafayette was major-general in the American army at the age of 18 […]

Other global taboos, such as sex and suicide, manifest themselves widely online, with websites offering suicide guides and Hot XXX Action seconds away at the click of a button. The UK government will come under pressure to block access to pornographic websites this year when a committee of MPs publishes its report on protecting children online.

2012 April 19, Josh Halliday, “Free speech haven or lawless cesspool – can the internet be civilised?”, in the Guardian:

Hi, Anne. Are you busy? — Hi, Anna. Yes. At 10 a.m. I am writing.

2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)

Indicating time of occurrence, especially an instant of time, or a period of time relatively short in context or from the speaker’s perspective.

balance as at 20th March 1999

n.d., quoted in Longmans Business Dictionary

(UK, Commonwealth, Ireland, especially finance) (also as at; before dates) On (a particular date).


north

en-noun

north (countable and uncountable, plural norths)

From Middle English north, from Old English norþ, from Proto-West Germanic *norþr, from Proto-Germanic *nurþrą, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *nér (“below (the surface)”). The meaning developed either from "region where the sun is below (the earth)" or from "left side of someone who turns to the east when praying".
Cognate with various Germanic counterparts such as Dutch noord, West Frisian noard, German Nord, Danish and Norwegian nord; also with Greek νέρτερος (nérteros, “infernal, lower”) and Sanskrit नरक (naraka, “hell”)

cog

по́лночь f (pólnočʹ) (obsolete, now means "midnight")

(physics) The positive or north pole of a magnet, which seeks the magnetic pole near Earth's geographic North Pole (which, for its magnetic properties, is a south pole).


east

westward

antonym(s) of “situated or lying in or towards the east”

From Middle English est, from Old English ēast, from Proto-West Germanic *austr, from Proto-Germanic *austrą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewsér (“east”). Compare West Frisian east, Dutch oost, German Ost, Danish øst, Norwegian Nynorsk aust, Swedish öst.

Situated or lying in or towards the east; eastward.

eastward

the east front of a cathedral

Throughout the book I refer directionally to the altar and chancel of St. Andrew's as situated at ecclesiastical east (to avoid overcomplicating matters), not geographical or magnetic southeast. Thus, the altar is located at the east end of the church, and the gallery, at the west.

2014, Paul Porwoll, Against All Odds: History of Saint Andrew's Parish Church, Charleston, 1706-2013, WestBow Press, →ISBN, page 365:

The tapestry by Graham Sutherland that occupies the whole wall of the liturgical east and geographic north of the cathedral is recognisable […] a huge image of Christ on the [liturgical] east end, filling the entire wall and to be visible through the [liturgical] West Window (Fig. 24.2).

2019, Sarah Hosking, "Coventry Cathedral", in Prickett Stephen Prickett, Edinburgh Companion to the Bible and the Arts, Edinburgh University Press, →ISBN, page 371:

(ecclesiastical) Designating, or situated in, the liturgical east.


east

→ Cornish: est


south

en-verb

south (third-person singular simple present souths, present participle southing, simple past and past participle southed)

souths (present singular third-person)
southing (participle present)
southed (participle past)
southed (past)

From Middle English south, from Old English sūþ, from Proto-West Germanic *sunþr, from Proto-Germanic *sunþrą (whence also West Frisian súd, Dutch zuid, German Süd, Danish syd). Ultimately equivalent to sun + -ther (“-ward”).

The moon souths at nine.

(astronomy) To come to the meridian; to cross the north and south line.


west

PIE word
 *wek(ʷ)speros
From Middle English west, from Old English west, from Proto-West Germanic *westr, from Proto-Germanic *westrą.
Cognate with Scots wast, Saterland Frisian Wääste, West Frisian west, Dutch west, German West, Danish vest. Cognate also with Old French west, French ouest, Spanish oeste, Portuguese oeste, Catalan oest, Galician oeste, Italian ovest (all ultimately borrowings of the English word). Compare also Latin vesper (“evening”), with which it is possibly cognate via Proto-Indo-European.

Situated or lying in or toward the west; westward.


northeast

en-adj

northeast (not generally comparable, comparative more northeast, superlative most northeast)

more northeast (comparative)
most northeast (superlative)
north-east (alternative UK)
nor'-east (alternative)
NE (alternative abbreviation)

A northeast wind.

Coming from the northeast; northeasterly.


northwest

northwest (not generally comparable, comparative more northwest, superlative most northwest)

more northwest (comparative)
most northwest (superlative)
north-west (alternative UK)
nor'-west (alternative)
NW (alternative abbreviation)

A northwest wind.

Coming from the northwest; northwesterly.


southwest

southwest (not generally comparable, comparative more southwest, superlative most southwest)

more southwest (comparative)
most southwest (superlative)
south-west (alternative UK)
sou'-west (alternative)
SW (alternative abbreviation)

From Middle English southwest, southewest, from Old English sūþwest and sūþanwestan, equivalent to south + west. Cognate with West Frisian súdwest, Dutch zuidwest, German Südwesten, Danish sydvest, Swedish sydväst.

A southwest wind.

Coming from the southwest; southwesterly.


southeast

southeast (not generally comparable, comparative more southeast, superlative most southeast)

more southeast (comparative)
most southeast (superlative)
south-east (alternative UK)
sou'-east (alternative)
SE (alternative abbreviation)

A southeast wind.

Coming from the southeast; southeasterly.


down

up

antonym(s) of “From the higher end to the lower”

From Middle English doun, doune, from Old English dūne (“down”), aphetic form of adūne (“down, downward”), from earlier ofdūne (“down”, literally “off the hill”), from of (“of, off of”) + dūn (“hill, mount, dune, down”). More at Etymology 2 below. For the development from directional phrases to prepositions, compare Middle Low German dāle (“down, downwards”, literally “(in/to the) dale/valley”), whence German Low German dal (“down”). Compare also Saterland Frisian deel (“down”, literally “to/into the dale”).

ncog

I'll see you later down the pub.

(colloquial) At (a given place that is seen as removed from one's present location or other point of reference).


down

en-adj

down (comparative more down, superlative most down)

tlb

(chiefly predicative, but see usage notes)

more down (comparative)
most down (superlative)

I'm a TS who has been down for over 5 years and will be going up for parole in the next 1 to 3 years.

1988 February 7, Crystal Dawn Boyd, “Let's Start Caring About Ourselves”, in Gay Community News, volume 15, number 29, page 5:


against

Formed from Middle English ayenes, agenes, againes (“in opposition to”), a southern variant of agen, or directly from again, either way with adverbial genitive singular ending -es; the parasitic -t was added circa 1350, probably by confusion with the superlative ending -est. By surface analysis, again + -st (excrescent ending).

surf

againest (alternative)
agaynest (alternative)
agaynst (alternative)
ageinest (alternative)
ageinst (alternative)
agenest (alternative)
agenst (alternative)
ageynest (alternative)
ageynst (alternative)
agin (alternative)
'gainst (alternative)
gainst (alternative)

a house divided against itself cannot stand

He stands out against his classmates.

This report sets out the risks against the benefits.

The Tigers will play against the Bears this weekend.

“[…] it is not fair of you to bring against mankind double weapons ! Dangerous enough you are as woman alone, without bringing to your aid those gifts of mind suited to problems which men have been accustomed to arrogate to themselves.”

1910, Emerson Hough, chapter I, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

The breakthrough came through Torres who, pilloried for his miss against Manchester United a week earlier, scored his second goal of the season.

2011 September 24, Aled Williams, “Chelsea 4-1 Swansea”, in BBC Sport:

Doing this is against my principles.

It is against the law to smoke on these premises.

There was no car in sight so we crossed against the red light.

The vouchers are redeemable against West End shows and theatre breaks.

The studio weren't sure the movie would ever get made, so they only paid $50,000 against $200,000. That way they wouldn't be out very much if filming never began.

“Hollywood noises” yielded an early $35,000 option against $100,000 if the movie was made.

2011, Charles Foran, Mordecai: The Life & Times:

(Hollywood) To be paid now in contrast to the following amount to be paid later under specified circumstances, usually that a movie is made or has started filming.


hither

From Old English hider, from Proto-Germanic *hidrê. Cognate with Latin citer.

The essential Not-self could be perceived very clearly in things and in living creatures on the hither side of good and evil.

1954, Aldous Huxley, The Doors of Perception, Chatto & Windus, page 30:


thither

From Middle English thider, from Old English þider, an alteration (probably by analogy with hider (“hither”)) of earlier þæder (“to there”), from Proto-Germanic *þadrê.

The argument tended thither.

(archaic) To that point, end, or result.


there

From Middle English there, ther, thare, thar, thore, from Old English þēr, þǣr, þār (“there; at that place”), from Proto-West Germanic *þār, from Proto-Germanic *þar (“at that place; there”), from Proto-Indo-European *tó-r (“there”), from demonstrative pronominal base *to- (“the, that”) + adverbial suffix *-r.
Cognate with Scots thar, thair (“there”), North Frisian dear, deer, där (“there”), Saterland Frisian deer (“there”), West Frisian dêr (“there”), Dutch daar (“there”), Low German dar (“there”), German da, dar- (“there”), Danish der (“there”), Norwegian der (“there”), Swedish där (“there”), Icelandic þar (“in that place, there”).

inh

dar (alternative)
der (alternative)
dere (alternative)
thur (alternative)
thar (alternative)
dey (alternative)
thare (alternative)

duman

far from both the speaker and the listener

diyan

away from the speaker, but close to the listener

tuolla

the place, which is pointed at, which is more distant or less accurately confined

tuossa

the place, which is pointed at, which is less distant or more accurately confined

siellä

the place, which is not pointed at, which is more distant or less accurately confined

siinä

the place, which is not pointed at, which is less distant or more accurately confined

allí

further, more specific, somewhat like "in/right there"

allá

further, less specific, somewhat like "over there"

He started to talk about ... you know ... and I told him please don't go there.

(location) To or into a place or location; thither.

Into an undesirable topic or subject matter; see also go there.

You say that the president is a crook, and I certainly agree with you there.

(figuratively) In that matter, relation, etc..

atje

in that matter, relation, etc.; at that point, stage, etc.


back

en-adv

back (comparative further back, superlative furthest back)

further back (comparative)
furthest back (superlative)

From Middle English bak, from Old English bæc, from Proto-West Germanic *bak, from Proto-Germanic *baką, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg- (“to bend”). The adverb represents an aphetic form of aback.
Compare Middle Low German bak (“back”), from Old Saxon bak, and West Frisian bekling (“chair back”), Old High German bah, Swedish and Norwegian bak. Cognate with German Bache (“sow [adult female hog]”).

The meeting has been moved back an hour. It was at 3 o’clock; now it's at 4 o’clock.

To a later point in time. See also put back.


among

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-among.wav

Etymology tree
Old English on
Proto-Indo-European *ḱe-?
Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm
Proto-Germanic *ga-
Proto-West Germanic *ga-
Old English ġe-
Old English mang
Old English ġemang
Old English onġemang
Old English amang
Middle English among
English among
From Middle English among, amang, amonge, amange, from Old English amang, onġemang, equivalent to a- + mong (“crowd; group; throng”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian monk, monken (“among”), West Frisian mank (“among”), Dutch mank, maank (“among”), German Low German mank, manken (“among”), dialectal German mang (“among”).

etymon

amonge (alternative)
amoung (alternative)

He is among the few who completely understand the subject.

All this has led to an explosion of protest across China, including among a middle class that has discovered nimbyism.

2013 August 10, “Can China clean up fast enough?”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8848:

Denotes a belonging of a person or a thing to a group.


before

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

Inherited from Middle English before /bifore, from Old English beforan, from be- + foran (“before”), from fore, from Proto-Germanic *furai, from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“front”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian befoar (“before”), German Low German bevör (“before”), German bevor (“before”).

inh+

I want this done before Monday.

We made an odd party before the arrival of the Ten, particularly when the Celebrity dropped in for lunch or dinner.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:


near

en-adj

near (comparative nearer, superlative nearest)

nearer (comparative)
nearest (superlative)

off

antonym(s) of “side of an animal or vehicle”

From Middle English nere, ner, from Old English nēar (“nearer”, comparative of nēah (“nigh”), the superlative would become next), influenced by Old Norse nær (“near”), both originating from Proto-Germanic *nēhwiz (“nearer”), comparative of the adverb *nēhw (“near”), from the adjective *nēhwaz, ultimately from Pre-Proto-Germanic *h₂nḗḱwos, a lengthened-grade adjective derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₂neḱ- (“to reach”).
Cognate with Old Frisian niār (“nearer”), Dutch naar (“to, towards”), German näher (“nearer”), Danish nær (“near, close”), Norwegian nær (“near, close”) Swedish nära (“near, close”). See also nigh.
Near appears to be derived from (or at the very least influenced by) the North Germanic languages; compare Danish nær (“near, close”), Norwegian nær (“near, close”) Swedish nära (“near, close”), as opposed to nigh, which continues the inherited West Germanic adjective, like Dutch na (“close, near”), German nah (“close, near, nearby”), Luxembourgish no (“nearby, near, close”). Both, however, are ultimately derived from the same Proto-Germanic root: *nēhw (“near, close”).

cog

The end is near.

We're getting near to Xmas.


home

From Middle English hōm, from Old English hām, from Proto-West Germanic *haim, from Proto-Germanic *haimaz (“home, village”), from Proto-Indo-European *tḱóymos (“village, home”), from the root *tḱey-. Doublet of heyem.
Cognates
Germanic cognates: see *haimaz.
Cognate with Irish caoimh (“dear”), Lithuanian kaimas (“village”), šeima (“family”), Albanian komb (“nation, people”), Old Church Slavonic сѣмь (sěmĭ, “seed”), Ancient Greek κώμη (kṓmē, “village”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱey- (“to lie”) (compare Hittite [script needed] (kittari, “it lies”), Ancient Greek κεῖμαι (keîmai, “to lie down”), Latin civis (“citizen”), Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬈 (saēte, “he lies, rests”), Sanskrit शये (śáye, “he lies”)).

cog

it takes a heap of living to make a house a home

it takes a heap o' livin' to make a house a home

it takes a lot of living to make a house a home

inici

home directory — see also home directory


yon

Buttonhole row: (K1, p1) 3 times, yon, k2tog, (k1,p1) 5 times, yon, k2tog, […]

2006, Heather Dixon, Not Your Mama's Knitting, page 222:


yonder

From Middle English yonder, yondre, ȝondre, ȝendre, from Old English ġeonre (“thither; yonder”, adverb), equivalent to yond (from ġeond, from Proto-Germanic *jainaz) + -er, as in hither, thither.
Cognate with Scots ȝondir (“yonder”), Saterland Frisian tjunder (“over there, yonder”), Dutch ginder (“over there; yonder”), Middle Low German ginder, gender (“over there”), German jenseits (“on the other side, beyond”), Gothic 𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐍂𐌴 (jaindrē, “thither”).

cog

See who yonder is.

c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merry Wiues of Windsor”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], line 149:

"A fine man, that Dunwody, yonder," commented the young captain, as they parted, and as he turned to his prisoner. "We'll see him on in Washington some day. He is strengthening his forces now against Mr. Benton out there."

Whose doublewide is that over yonder?

(archaic or dialect especially Cumbria, Southern US) At or in a distant but indicated place.

allá

less specific, somwhat like "over yonder"

allí

more specific, somewhat like "in/right yonder"

As for me and the childe, we wyl go yonder.

They headed on over yonder.

(archaic or dialect) Synonym of thither: to a distant but indicated place.


yonder

en-adjective

yonder (comparative more yonder, superlative most yonder)

more yonder (comparative)
most yonder (superlative)
younder (alternative)

"You have all necessary proofs in your possession, though you may not be aware of their existence," replied Arden; "will you allow me to open yonder box?"

1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XIII, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 163:

(archaic or dialect) The farther, the more distant of two choices.


yonder

The yonder is Queen Niobe.

(archaic or dialect, as a pronoun) One who or which is over yonder, usually distant but within sight.


yonder

Off we go in to the wild blue yonder,
Climbing high into the sun...

1939, Robert MacArthur Crawford, Army Air Corps::

(literary) The vast distance, particularly the sky or trackless forest.


hence

A later Middle English spelling, retaining the voiceless -s, of hennes (henne + adverbial genitive ending -s), from Old English heonan (“away", "hence”), from a Proto-West Germanic *hin-, from Proto-Germanic *hiz, and Proto-Germanic *-anē.
Cognate with Old Saxon hinan, Old High German hinnan (German hinnen), Dutch heen, Swedish hän. Related to Old English her (“here”).

A year hence it will be forgotten.

[…]And now farewell / Till half an hour hence.

1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:

There may be an occasion to do so two years hence.

2024, Marshall H. Tanick, “Diversity on the bench should not only be about gender and race”, in MinnPost:

(of a length of time) In the future from now.

I shall go to Japan and hence will not be here in time for the party.

The purse is handmade and hence very expensive.

Hence that general is skillful in attack whose opponent does not know what to defend; and he is skillful in defense whose opponent does not know what to attack.

1910, Sun Tzu, Lionel Giles (translator), The Art of War, Section VI: Weak Points and Strong, 8

Hence it comes that all armed Prophets have been victorious, and all unarmed Prophets have been destroyed.

1910, [1513], Niccolò Machiavelli, chapter VI, in Ninian Hill Thomson, transl., The Prince:

That hence arises the peculiar Unhappiness of that Business, which other Callings are no way liable to;

1731 May 27, Benjamin Franklin, “Apology for Printers”, in The Pennsylvania Gazette:

(conjunctive) As a result; therefore, for this reason.


hence

en-verb

hence (third-person singular simple present hences, present participle hencing, simple past and past participle henced)

hences (present singular third-person)
hencing (participle present)
henced (participle past)
henced (past)

(obsolete, transitive) To utter "hence!" to; to send away.

(dated, intransitive) To depart; to go away.


without

From Middle English withoute, withouten, from Old English wiþūtan (literally “against the outside of”). Compare Dutch buiten (“outside of, without”), Danish uden (“without”), Swedish utan (“without”), Norwegian uten (“without”). By surface analysis, with- + out.
Superseded non-native Middle English sauns, sans (“without”), from Old French sans, sanz, senz (“without”).

inh

withoute (alternative obsolete)
wythoute (alternative obsolete)
wythowt (alternative obsolete)
wythowte (alternative obsolete)

And as each and all of them were warmed without by the sun, so each had a private little sun for her soul to bask in; some dream, some affection, some hobby, at least some remote and distant hope which, though perhaps starving to nothing, still lived on, as hopes will.

1891, Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d'Urbervilles, volume 1, London: James R. Osgood, McIlvaine and Co., page 18:

Strange silence here: without, the sounding street
Heralds the world's swift passage to the fire

1900, Ernest Dowson, Benedictio Domini, lines 13–14:

I knew that someone had entered the house cautiously from without.

1904, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Adventure of the Golden Pince-Nez, Norton, published 2005, page 1100:

The feeling seemed to come not from without, but from within each body, as though every person had become a vibrating string.

2016, Liu Cixin, translated by Ken Liu, Death's End, Tor, translation of 死神永生, →ISBN, page 236:

Brainiac: This earthquake is quite literally worldwide.
Alex Danvers: But the seismic activity [isn't] coming from within the planet, it's coming from without.

2019 December 8, Supergirl (TV series), season 5, episode 8, "Crisis on Infinite Earths"

(archaic or literary) Outside, externally.


whither

en-verb

whither (third-person singular simple present whithers, present participle whithering, simple past and past participle whithered)

term-label

(British, dialectal, especially Scotland)

whithers (present singular third-person)
whithering (participle present)
whithered (participle past)
whithered (past)
wuther (alternative)

The verb is borrowed from Scots whidder, whither (“(of the wind) to bluster; to move quickly”), a frequentative form of whid (“(of wind) to gust; to move quickly”), of Scandinavian/North Germanic origin, from Old Norse hviða (“gust of wind”).
Related to Middle English hwiþa, whyȝt (“breeze; wind”), Old English hwiþa, hwiþu, hweoþu (“breeze”). The noun is derived from the verb.

To move quickly, to rush, to whiz; also, to make a rushing sound; to whizz.


whence

From Middle English whennes, from Old English hwanon (with adverbial genitive -s), related to hwonne (whence when). Analyzable as when + -s.

The work is slow and dangerous, whence the high costs.

I scored more than you in the exam, whence we can conclude that I am better at the subject than you are.

(literary, poetic) Used for introducing the result of a fact that has just been stated; thence


thence

From Middle English þennes, from þenne + -es (“adverbial ending”), the former from þanan, þanona, from Proto-West Germanic *þananā. Cognate with Westphalian Low German diëne.

I had a really bad car accident, and thence came all my backpains.

(literary) Deriving from this fact or circumstance; therefore, therefrom.


away

From Middle English away, awey, awei, oway, o wey, on way, from Old English āweġ, onweġ (“away”), originally on weġ (“on one's way; onward; on”), equivalent to a- (“on”) + way.
Cognate with Scots awa, away (“away”), Old Frisian aweg, awei (“away”), Saterland Frisian wäch, wääge (“away”), Dutch weg (“away”), German weg (“away”), Danish væk (“away”), Swedish i väg (“away; off; along”).

(Scotland, dismissal) Away with you! Go away!


away

This is the entrance for away supporters.

Next, they are playing away in Dallas.

(chiefly sports) Not on one's home territory.

Two men away in the bottom of the ninth.

(baseball, following the noun modified) Out.


amongst

From amongs + -t (excrescent), from among + -s (genitive). By surface analysis, among + -st (excrescent). Root among from Old English ongemang, from on (“in”) + gemang (“assemblage, mingling”).

surf

among (alternative)
amongest (alternative)
amoungst (alternative)
amoungest (alternative)

Janek feels very at ease amongst his friends, but gets incredibly nervous when meeting new people.

And novv thee vvorſhip, mongſt that bleſſed throng / Of heauenlie Poets and Heroes ſtrong.

[1591, Ed[mund] Sp[enser], “The Ruines of Time”, in Complaints. Containing Sundrie Small Poemes of the Worlds Vanitie. […], London: […] William Ponsonbie, […], →OCLC, signature C2, verso:

a. 1627 (date written), Francis Bacon, “[Baconiana Politico-Moralia. […].] It is my purpoſe to give a true and plain Account, of the Deſigns and Labours of a very great Philoſopher amongſt us; and to offer to the World, in ſome tollerable Method, thoſe Remains of his, which to that end, were put into my Hands.”, in [Thomas Tenison], editor, Baconiana. Or Certain Genuine Remains of Sr. Francis Bacon, […], London: […] J. D. for Richard Chiswell, […], published 1679, →OCLC, page 21:

The smart little locomotives, mostly 0-6-0 saddletanks, which are always busy shunting traffic amongst the vast dockside warehouses, belong to the Manchester Ship Canal Railway, a line of considerable importance.

1959 October, Norman Jones, “The Manchester Ship Canal Railway”, in Trains Illustrated, page 488:

Denotes a mingling or intermixing with distinct or separable objects. See usage note at amidst.

entre

Used to denote a mingling or intermixing


across

From Middle English acros, from early Middle English a-croiz, a-creoyz, from Anglo-Norman an (“in, on”) + croiz (“in the form of a cross”); Equivalent to a- + cross. More at cross.

And make sure you're parked across the mall in the outside lot. […] Last time I was there, I parked in a parking structure and paid an arm and a leg for it.

1994 June 21, Thong P Tong <tongtp@coyote.cig.mot.com>, "Re: Battle Tech Center", message-ID <2u7lsi$79n@delphinium.cig.mot.com>, comp.sys.ibm.pc.games, Usenet http://groups.google.com/group/comp.sys.ibm.pc.games/msg/28d5e0700985bbe6

On another occasion, Clinton asked Patterson to drive him to Chelsea's school, Booker Elementary, where Clinton met the department store clerk and climbed into her car.
"I parked across the entrance and stood outside the car looking around, about 120 feet from where they were parked in a lot that was pretty well lit," Patterson recalled. "[…]They stayed in the car for thirty to forty minutes."

1995, Ronald Kessler, Inside the White House, published 1996, →ISBN, page 243:

A boy that sat across me politely introduced himself as Jackson Klausner.

2011, Danielle Butler, Scars of Eternity, page 30:

(Southern US, African-American Vernacular) across from: on the opposite side, relative to something that lies between, from (a point of interest).


opposite

From Old French oposite, from Latin oppositus, perfect passive participle of oppōnō (“I oppose”). Compare oppose.

There’s a bus stop opposite the faculty entrance, right on the other side of the road.

It was April 22, 1831, and a young man was walking down Whitehall in the direction of Parliament Street.[…]. He halted opposite the Privy Gardens, and, with his face turned skywards, listened until the sound of the Tower guns smote again on the ear and dispelled his doubts.

1906, Stanley J[ohn] Weyman, chapter I, in Chippinge Borough, New York, N.Y.: McClure, Phillips & Co., →OCLC, page 01:


up

From Middle English up, from Old English upp, from Proto-Germanic *upp, see more there.

I'll see you later up the snooker club.

“I'll tell you how I got on in the fight if I should see you up the Smokers.”

2016, Alan Moore, Jerusalem, Liveright, published 2016, page 94:

(colloquial) At (a given place, especially one imagined to be higher or more distant from a central location).


up

down

antonym(s) of “traveling towards a major terminus”

The fearefull newes that whilſt the flame doth but begin,
Sad pollicie may ſerue to quench the fire:
The Commons nowe are vp in Kent, let vs not ſuffer this firſt attempt too farre.

1593, anonymous author, The Life and Death of Iacke Straw […], Act I:

(obsolete) Risen up, rebelling, in revolt.


out

in

antonym(s) of “disqualified from playing”

closeted

antonym(s) of “openly acknowledging that one is LGBT+”

From Middle English out, oute, from a combination of Old English ūt (“out”, preposition & adverb), from Proto-West Germanic *ūt, from Proto-Germanic *ūt (“out”); and Old English ūte (“outside; without”, adverb), from Proto-Germanic *ūtai (“out; outside”); both from Proto-Indo-European *úd (“upwards, away”).
Cognate with Scots oot, out (“out”), Saterland Frisian uut, uute (“out”), West Frisian út (“out”), Dutch uit (“out”), German Low German ut (“out”), German aus (“out”), Norwegian/Swedish ut, ute (“out; outside”), Danish ud, ude (“out; outside”).

vyautovaný

cricket, baseball: disqualified from playing further in an inning

The garden looks beautiful now that the roses are out.

Available to be seen, or to be interacted with in some way:


adjacent

/ə(ɖ)d͡ʒəˈsɛɳʈ/

Borrowed from Latin adiacēns, adiacentis, derivative of adiaceō (“I lie beside”); from ad (“to”) + iaceō (“I lie down”).

Because the conference room is filled, we will have our meeting in the adjacent room.

Lying next to, close, or contiguous; neighboring; bordering on.

مُجَاوِر

lying next to, close, or contiguous; neighboring

It would be false to suggest CBD is nothing more than an obsession for reiki-adjacent bicoastal millennials.

2018 October 27, Alex Williams, “Why Is CBD Everywhere?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

First of all, she's probably the most popular politics-adjacent figure in the country. She's not a politician. She's never run for anything, but I have said for a long time – I think we all agree – if she did ever want to run for something, she would be right at the front of the line.

2018 December 25, “Faith Leaders Speak about Leading Through Natural Disasters; Who's Been Naughty and Nice in 2018 Politics?”, in New Day, Chris Cillizza (actor), via CNN, retrieved 2019-07-27:

(figuratively, postpositive) Related to; suggestive of; bordering on.

らしい

(postpositive) suggestive of, bordering on


adjacent

/ə(ɖ)d͡ʒəˈsɛɳʈ/

Again, the key colors have twice the area of the adjacents.

1980, Faber Birren, The textile colorist:

Picking out the opposite, the adjacent, and the hypotenuse[…]

2011, Mark Zegarelli, ACT Math For Dummies, page 194:

Something that lies next to something else, especially the side of a right triangle that is neither the hypotenuse nor the opposite.


adjacent

/ə(ɖ)d͡ʒəˈsɛɳʈ/

While Amazon has increasingly become a one-stop shop for some people, we’re also seeing a large proliferation of online companies looking to connect with users wherever they happen to be spending the most time, whether that’s on a social media platform, or on a site that caters to interests adjacent to the businesses’s own — and most importantly not necessarily on the company’s own web properties.

2008 March 27, Ingrid Lunden, “Braintree launches Extend to integrate loyalty, fraud prevention and other services into payments”, in TechCrunch, retrieved 2019-07-26:

(figuratively) Related to; suggestive of; bordering on.


afore

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-afore.wav

From Middle English afore, aforn, from Old English onforan or ætforan; equivalent to a- + fore.

affor (alternative obsolete)
avore (alternative obsolete poetic)

Stephano: He's in his fit now ; and doe's not talke after the wiſeſt ; hee ſhall taſte of my Bottle : if hee haue neuer drunke wine afore, it will goe neere to remoue his Fit :[…]

1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:

A chap named Eleazir Kendrick and I had chummed in together the summer afore and built a fish-weir and shanty at Setuckit Point, down Orham way. For a spell we done pretty well.

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y.; London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

He sees the soldiers, with their red coats lighted up by the torches carried afore, closing in round him.

1860 December – 1861 August, Charles Dickens, chapter III, in Great Expectations […], volume I, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published October 1861, →OCLC, page 39:

(archaic, dialect) Before, in front, spatially.

Before, in front, spatially.
In the fore part of a ship.


afore

He said he was jealous, and craved something to ease his care. 'It's but a small thing I ask,' says he, 'but it will make me a happy man, and nothing ever shall come atween us. Tryst wi' me for Beltane's E'en on the Sker sands, at the green link o' the burn where the sands begin, on the ebb o' the tide when midnight is by, but afore cockcrow. For,' said he, 'that was our forbears' tryst for true lovers, and wherefore no for you and me?'

1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:

"Oh aye!" his face lit up with a smile. "I mind that! Where was that?" "That was us when we all worked in the shop, afore the War." "Oh aye …?" he frowned. "Who …?" She took the photograph back from him and reached inside her apron pocket for her spectacles.

1982, Edward Chisnall, Bell in the Tree: The Glasgow story:


afore

Now the hand of the Lord was vpon mee in the euening, afore hee that was escaped came, and had opened my mouth vntill hee came to mee in the morning, and my mouth was opened, and I was no more dumbe.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Ezekiel 33:22:


ahead

From a- + head. Perhaps originally a nautical term, "beyond the head (of a ship)", then drifting into more general English usage where it is used to describe something as being "in front of".

He paid his rent ahead.

At an earlier time; beforehand; in advance.


along

From Middle English, from Old English andlang, from prefix and- + lang (“long”). Doublet of endlong.

Don't stop here. Just move along.

I stumbled along through the young pines and huckleberry bushes. Pretty soon I struck into a sort of path that, I cal'lated, might lead to the road I was hunting for. It twisted and turned, and, the first thing I knew, made a sudden bend around a bunch of bayberry scrub and opened out into a big clear space like a lawn.

Onward, forward, with progressive action.


amid

From Middle English amidde, Old English on middan, a- + mid.

At last the first glimpse from a bridge of an open-top red bus, and a noticeable darkening of the atmosphere from the smoke of London: then the increasingly dingy stations with double-barrel names, set amid what has always been to me the outstanding feature of the "Premier Line" approach to London—the positively marvellous display of crazy chimney-pots on the grey inner suburban houses. As many as twenty, all of varying style, standing together like ranks of jagged teeth, and providing a Dickensian back-cloth which no other route can boast.

1951 October, R. S. McNaught, “Lines of Approach”, in Railway Magazine, page 704:

The resulting social divisions can seem so "real" and "natural" to those living amid them that there is a strong tendency to believe that they are timeless biological or scientific facts, rather than social facts that have been assembled and built up through human effort.

2006, Matt Wray, Not Quite White, page 141:

Amid all the fevered anticipation of this fixture, few would have expected to witness an aesthetically pleasing example of the beautiful game.

2014 November 14, Stephen Halliday, “Scotland 1-0 Republic of Ireland: Maloney the hero”, in The Scotsman:

In Osaka, the big action scenes take place with arrows as well as swords, amid glass display cases holding samurai costumes, a classic Wick setting.

2023 March 14, Caryn James, “John Wick: Chapter 4: 'Soars above most action films'”, in BBC:

In the middle of; in the center of; surrounded by.


amidst

From amids + -t (excrescent), from amid + -s (genitive). By surface analysis, amid + -st (excrescent). Root amid from Middle English amidde, amiddes, on midden, from Old English on middan (“in the middle”), from midd (“central”) (English mid).

surf

amidest (alternative)
amiddst (alternative)
amiddest (alternative)
amydst (alternative)
amyddst (alternative)
amyddest (alternative)

Be a philosopher ; but amidst all your philosophy, be still a man.

1748, [David Hume], chapter 4, in Philosophical Essays Concerning Human Understanding, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC:

Not so, however, with Tarzan, the man-child. His life amidst the dangers of the jungle had taught him to meet emergencies with self-confidence, and his higher intelligence resulted in a quickness of mental action far beyond the powers of the apes.

1912 October, Edgar Rice Burroughs, “Tarzan of the Apes”, in The All-Story, New York, N.Y.: Frank A. Munsey Co., →OCLC; republished as chapter 5, in Tarzan of the Apes, New York, N.Y.: A. L. Burt Company, 1914 June, →OCLC:

In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among.

بَيْن

in the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among


outside

en-adv

outside (comparative more outside, superlative most outside)

more outside (comparative)
most outside (superlative)
owtside (alternative obsolete)

/ˈæʊʔ.so̞ɪd/

/ˈɛʊʔ.so̞ɪd/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Nattes à chat-outside.wav

It is the prison that supports the image of the criminal […] he's lost when he's outside.

1964, Merfyn Turner, A Pretty Sort of Prison, page 15:

To or in the outdoors or outside; to or in an area that is beyond the scope, limits, or borders of a given place.


inside

From Middle English ynneside; equivalent to in- + side.
Compare German Innenseite (“inside”), Danish inderside (“inside”), Swedish insida (“inside”), Dutch binnenzijde (“inside”), German Low German Binnensied, Binnersied (“inside”), Saterland Frisian Binnersiede (“inside”).

cog

the call is coming from inside the house

The job was finished inside two weeks.

Then he commenced to talk, really talk, and inside of two flaps of a herring's fin he had me mesmerized, like Eben Holt's boy at the town hall show. He talked about the ills of humanity, and the glories of health and Nature and service and land knows what all.

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter IV, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y.; London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:


apart

From Middle English apart, aparte, a-part, a part, from Anglo-Norman a part, from Latin ad partem (“to the side”).

Having been taken apart; disassembled, in pieces.


over

From Middle English over, from Old English ofer, from Proto-West Germanic *obar, from Proto-Germanic *uber (“over”), from Proto-Indo-European *upér, related to *upó.
Akin to Scots ower, West Frisian oer, Dutch over, Low German over, över, German ober, über, Danish over, Norwegian over, Swedish över, Icelandic yfir, Faroese yvir, Gothic 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂 (ufar), Latin super, Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér), Albanian upri (“group of peasants”), Sanskrit उपरि (upári).
Doublet of uber, super, and hyper.

all over the place like a mad woman's custard

the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

I need to cross the river. Can you take me over in your boat?

Describing a physical change of position or state.

Across from one side of something to the other.


under

From Middle English under, from Old English under, from Proto-West Germanic *undar, from Proto-Germanic *under, from a merger of Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥dʰér (“under”) and *h₁entér (“inside”).
Akin to German unter, Dutch onder, Danish and Norwegian under; also Old High German untar (“under”), Sanskrit अन्तर् (antar, “within”), Latin infrā (“below, beneath”) and inter (“between, among”).

Who lives in a pineapple under the sea? SpongeBob SquarePants!

1998, “SpongeBob SquarePants Theme”, in Stephen Hillenburg, Derek Drymon (lyrics), SpongeBob SquarePants: Original Theme Highlights:

Beneath; below; at or to the bottom of, or the area covered or surmounted by.


distant

en-adj

distant (comparative more distant, superlative most distant)

more distant (comparative)
most distant (superlative)
distaunt (alternative obsolete)
dystant (alternative obsolete)
dystaunt (alternative obsolete)

Inherited from Middle English distaunt, from Old French distant, from Latin distāns.

We heard a distant rumbling but didn't pay any more attention to it. She was surprised to find that her fiancé was a distant relative of hers. His distant look showed that he was not listening to me.

Judge Short had gone to town, and Farrar was off for a three days' cruise up the lake. I was bitterly regretting I had not gone with him when the distant notes of a coach horn reached my ear, and I descried a four-in-hand winding its way up the inn road from the direction of Mohair.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

Far off (physically, logically or mentally).


over there

(US, colloquial, originally military) overseas to Europe (for military engagement), especially to the Western Front in France during World War I


nearby

From Middle English ner-bi, neer by, equivalent to near + by.

In each of these markets the nearbys are almost invariably at a discount — a discount that tends to widen in bull markets and narrow in bear markets.

1984, Jack D. Schwager, A Complete Guide to the Futures Markets, page 496:

The deferred contract should be expected to rise, and buying the deferred while selling the nearby is then profitable.

1989, Raymond M. Leuthold, Joan C. Junkus, Jean E. Cordier, The Theory and Practice of Futures Markets, page 67:

(finance) A futures contract, of a particular group, whose settlement date is the earliest.


off

off (comparative more off, superlative most off)

more off (comparative)
most off (superlative)
offn (alternative)

(older Received Pronunciation, General American) -ɔːf

From Middle English of, from Old English of, af, æf (“from, off, away”), from Proto-West Germanic *ab, from Proto-Germanic *ab (“from”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epo (“from, off, back”). Doublet of of.
Cognates
Cognate with Scots of, af (“off, away”), West Frisian af, ôf (“off, away”), Dutch af (“off, from”), German Low German of (“off, from”), German ab (“off, from”), Danish af (“of, off”), Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk and Swedish av (“of, off”), Icelandic af (“of, off”), Gothic 𐌰𐍆 (af, “of, from”); and with Latin ab (“of, from, by”), Ancient Greek ἀπό (apó, “from”), and others.

inh

off to see the wizard

And they're off! Whatsmyname takes an early lead, with Remember The Mane behind by a nose.

—Hello, Bloom. Where are you off to?
—Hello, M’Coy. Nowhere in particular.

1922, James Joyce, chapter V, in Ulysses:

"But I'm off, Mr. Malone. We sit once a week and have done for four years without a break. Eight o'clock Thursdays."

1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “(please specify the chapter number)”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:

Let them glimpse a green man coming at them with intent, and they're off like a bride's nighty. Even after capture some of them will seize every attempt to suicide — they just can't live with the tremendous loss of face.

1990, Peter Pinney, The glass cannon: a Bougainville diary, 1944-45:


ayont

How he escaped a broken neck in that dreadful place no human being will ever ken. The sweat, he has told me, stood in cold drops upon his forehead; he scarcely was aware of the saddle in which he sat, and his eyes were stelled in his head so that he saw nothing but the sky ayont him.

1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:

Ayont the windows in the waning of the afternoon, Chris could see the frozen glister of night on the Grampians […].

1934, Lewis Grassic Gibbon, Grey Granite (A Scots Quair), Polygon, published 2006, page 485:


below

From Middle English bilooghe, equivalent to be- + low. Compare also earlier Middle English alogh, alow, aloȝ, alowe (“below”), benethen (“beneath”), Dutch omlaag (“downwards”).

The captain went below to inspect the engine.

the landlubbers lying down below

(nautical) On or to a lower deck, especially as relative to the main deck.


aside

From Middle English aside, asyde, a-side, oside, from Middle English on side, from Old English on sīdan (literally “on (the) side (of)”), equivalent to a- + side. Compare beside.

der

Move aside, please, so that these people can come through.

But soft! but soft! aside: here comes the king.

c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:

[…] and thou shalt set aside that which is full.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Kings 4:4:

The storm rush'd in, and Arcite stood aghast; / The flames were blown aside, yet shone they bright, / Fann'd by the wind, and gave a ruffled light.

1700, John Dryden, Palamon and Arcite, book 3, translation of The Knight's Tale by Geoffrey Chaucer:

Here was my chance. I took the old man aside, and two or three glasses of Old Crow launched him into reminiscence.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter II, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

An indulgent playmate, Grannie would lay aside the long scratchy-looking letter she was writing (heavily crossed ‘to save notepaper’) and enter into the delightful pastime of ‘a chicken from Mr Whiteley's’.

1977, Agatha Christie, chapter 4, in An Autobiography, part I, London: Collins, →ISBN:

To or on one side so as to be out of the way.


within

From Middle English withinne, withinnen, from Old English wiþinnan; equivalent to with + in.

w/i (alternative abbreviation)
w/in (alternative abbreviation)

within her studio

The Rat[…] lightly stepped into a little boat which the Mole had not observed. It was painted blue outside and white within, and was just the size for two animals; and the Mole's whole heart went out to it at once[…].

1908 October, Kenneth Grahame, The Wind in the Willows, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC:

In the inner part, spatially; physically inside.


through

From Middle English thrugh, thruch, thruh, metathetic variants of thurgh, thurh, from Old English þurh, from Proto-Germanic *þurhw (“through”), from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥h₂kʷe, suffixed zero-grade from *terh₂- (“to pass through”) + *-kʷe (“and”). Cognate with Scots throch (“through”), West Frisian troch (“through”), German durch (“through”), Dutch door (“through”), Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷 (þairh, “through”), Latin trans (“across, over, through”), Albanian tërthor (“through, around”), Welsh tra (“through”). See also thorough.

thoo (alternative pronunciation-spelling)
thorough (alternative)
thorow (alternative obsolete)
thorugh (alternative common)
thro' (alternative archaic poetic)
throughe (alternative obsolete)
thru (alternative US informal)
thrue (alternative obsolete)

it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God

look as if one has been dragged through a hedge backwards

the way to a man's heart is through his stomach

I drove through Lausanne on my way from Geneva to Zurich.

The bullet went right through his leg.

A “moving platform” scheme[…]is more technologically ambitious than maglev trains even though it relies on conventional rails. Local trains would use side-by-side rails to roll alongside intercity trains and allow passengers to switch trains by stepping through docking bays.

2013 June 1, “Ideas coming down the track”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8838, page 13 (Technology Quarterly):

From one side or end of (something) to the other.

So as to enter (something), pass within or across, and then leave.

The virus broke out in the capital city and is now spreading quickly through the country.

I'm working through this box set of 'Downton Abbey'.

So as to progress within (something) or towards the end or limit of (something).

Go straight ahead and through that door.

Look through the window.

From one side of (an opening) to the other.

خِلَالَ

from one side of an opening to the other

I hope to start in the autumn, but I've got to get through the interview first.

The finance bill did not get through Congress.

We're through the worst part.

The going will be easier once we're through the bog.

You can't see through a brick wall!

Risk is everywhere.[…]For each one there is a frighteningly precise measurement of just how likely it is to jump from the shadows and get you. “The Norm Chronicles”[…]aims to help data-phobes find their way through this blizzard of risks.

2013 June 22, “Snakes and ladders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 76:

To or beyond the other side of (an obstacle); past.

Have you got through all those chocolates already?!

The company went through its £100m startup investment in six months.

(in phrases such as 'go through', 'get through' etc.) Indicating that something has been consumed or used up.

We're halfway through the year.

Along the course of; used in expressions of progress towards the end of something.

He worked through the night.

I never want to sit through another meeting like that again.

The project failed through lack of investment.

Our minds and hearts are corrupted with the Adamic virus at birth, and through a lifetime of sin and tragedy, our hearts and thoughts get more evil and more corrupted as we experience life's tragedies.

2012, Dimitri Yanuli, You Might Be Right, but You Ain't Right with the Word of God:


through

Manchester United are through to the FA Cup Final for the thirteenth time.

(chiefly UK, Commonwealth, Ireland, rare in Canada) (usually followed by "to") Able to progress (to the next stage or a higher level) following success in an exam, sports match, etc.


underground

en-adj

underground (comparative more underground, superlative most underground)

more underground (comparative)
most underground (superlative)
under ground (alternative uncommon)

/ˌʌndəˈɡɹaʊnd/

/ˌʌndɚˈɡɹaʊnd/

From Middle English undergrounde (adverb), equivalent to under + ground or under- + ground. Compare Dutch ondergrond, ondergronds, German Untergrund, Danish undergrunds.

There is an underground tunnel that takes you across the river.

One of the hidden glories of Victorian engineering is proper drains. Isolating a city’s effluent and shipping it away in underground sewers has probably saved more lives than any medical procedure except vaccination.

2014 June 14, “It's a gas”, in The Economist, volume 411, number 8891:

(not comparable) Below the ground; below the surface of the Earth.

ընդերկրյա

below the ground — see also subterranean

These criminals operate through an underground network.

(figurative) Hidden, furtive, secretive.


underground

/ˌʌndəˈɡɹaʊnd/

/ˌʌndɚˈɡɹaʊnd/


underground

undergrounds (plural)
under ground (alternative uncommon)

/ˌʌndəˈɡɹaʊnd/

/ˌʌndɚˈɡɹaʊnd/

(geography) Regions beneath the surface of the earth, both natural (eg. caves) and man-made (eg. mines).

podzemí

regions beneath the surface of the earth


apposite

apposite (comparative more apposite, superlative most apposite)

more apposite (comparative)
most apposite (superlative)

From Latin appositus, past participle of adponere, from ad- + ponere (“to put, place”). See apposition.

If the shift in theatrical setting and the shift in dramaturgy are at all related, they are apposite developments, independent yet homologous signs of a changing political and cultural climate.

2000, David Skeele, “"All That Monarchs Do": The Obscured Stages of Authority in Pericles”, in Pericles: Critical Essays:


around

From Middle English around, arounde, from a- (from Old English a- (“on, at”)) + Middle English round (“circle, round”) borrowed from French, equivalent to a- + round. Cognate with Scots aroond, aroon (“around”). Displaced earlier Middle English umbe, embe (“around”) (from Old English ymbe (“around”)).

round (alternative)
arownd (alternative obsolete)
ron (alternative)
'round (alternative contraction)

a lie can run around the world before the truth can get its boots on

throw nickels around like manhole covers

She wore a gold chain around her neck.

I planted a row of lilies around the statue.

The jackals began to gather around the carcass.

Ancient nomads, wishing to ward off the evening chill and enjoy a meal around a campfire, had to collect wood and then spend time and effort coaxing the heat of friction out from between sticks to kindle a flame. With more settled people, animals were harnessed to capstans or caged in treadmills to turn grist into meal.

2013 July-August, Henry Petroski, “Geothermal Energy”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 4:

Forming a circle or closed curve containing (something).

rrethoj

forming a circle or closed curve containing


beyond

From Middle English biyonde, from Old English beġeondan, from be- + ġeond; related to yonder.

Your staff went beyond my expectations in refunding my parking ticket.

He was a painter who was trying to get beyond painting, to escape from purely visual experience and lead his art in a more conceptual direction with a systematic approach.

2006, Janis Mink, Joan Miró, →ISBN, page 55:

Greater than; so as to exceed or surpass.


overseas

/ˌəʊvəˈsiːz/

From earlier oversea, equivalent to oversea + -s. Compare West Frisian oerseesk, Dutch overzees, German Übersee, Danish oversøisk.

Overseas Chinese communities exist in North and South America.

The reputations of our universities and our research base are already under threat because of the fallout from the EU referendum result, which is making the UK an unfriendlier place for overseas scholars and students, as well as cutting off access to an important stream of research funding and to a vibrant and well-developed ecosystem for collaborative work.

2016 October 18, Stephen Curry, “Why the Higher Education and Research Bill must be amended”, in The Guardian:

Used with ethnicities, nationalities, or religious affiliations: living (being resident) in a foreign country.


upward

From Old English upweardes, equivalent to up + -ward.

We ran upward.

Looking inward, we are stricken dumb; looking upward, we speak and prevail.

1594–1597, Richard Hooker, edited by J[ohn] S[penser], Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie, […], London: […] Will[iam] Stansby [for Matthew Lownes], published 1611, →OCLC, (please specify the page):

If the afternoon was fine they strolled together in the park, very slowly, and with pauses to draw breath wherever the ground sloped upward. The slightest effort made the patient cough.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXIII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

In a direction from lower to higher; toward a higher place; in a course toward the source or origin.

Dagon his name, sea monster, upward man, / And downward fish.

1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

From twenty years old and upward.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Numbers 1:3:

Yet more; indefinitely more; above; over.


upward

upward (comparative more upward, superlative most upward)

more upward (comparative)
most upward (superlative)

with upward eye; with upward course

насочен нагоре

moving up, directed toward a higher place


beneath

From Middle English benethe, from Old English bineoþan (“beneath, under, below”), equivalent to be- + neath. Cognate with Low German benedden (“beneath”), Dutch beneden (“beneath, under, down”), obsolete German benieden (“below”).

inh

beneathe (alternative)
neath (alternative)


beside

From Middle English beside, besiden, bisyde (also besides > besides), from Old English be sīdan, bī sīdan (“by the side (of), on the side (of)”), equivalent to be- + side. Compare Saterland Frisian biesiede (“aside”), German Low German bisied (“aside”), German beiseite (“aside, to one side”). Compare also Dutch terzijde (“aside”).


on board

Is that new teammate properly on board yet?

(idiomatic) Joining in or participating.


astern

en-adv

astern (comparative more astern, superlative most astern)

more astern (comparative)
most astern (superlative)

From a- (“towards”) + stern (“rear part of a vessel”).

prefix

After we had row'd, or rather driven about a League and a Half, as we reckon'd it, a raging Wave, Mountain-like, came rowling a-stern of us, and plainly bad us expect the Coup-de-Grace.

1719 May 6 (Gregorian calendar), [Daniel Defoe], The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, […], London: […] W[illiam] Taylor […], →OCLC, page 50:

In the direction of the stern; backward (motion); to the rear.


astern

If one ship is following another, the first is astern of the second.

When we first espied the Dutch fleet sailing towards us, our whole blue squadron was astern much farther from us, so that Prince Rupert thought it absolutely necessary to slacken sail that they might have time to join us.

1838, M. Guizot, edited by J. Stuart Wortley, Memoirs of George Monk, Duke of Albemarle, London: Richard Bentley, page 307:

Every yachtsman knows that if the ballast of a ship be too afore or too astern.

1872, Hunt's Yachting Magazine, volume 21, page 288:

The chief engineer's evidence of the S.S. Lennox was the best given; but, as will be seen, he asserted that from the orders he received the Lennox's course was more astern than ahead.

1883, Lieutenant J. Menteith Brebner, RETURN WRECKS AND CASUALTIES IN INDIAN WATERS, page 140:

but when near Cape Palmas the wind will perhaps be more astern

1883, Alexander George Findlay, A Sailing Directory for the Ethiopic Or South Atlantic Ocean:

The galley fire was lighted; coffee was boiled; the sun shone brightly, and the ship astern was coming up fast.

1901, W. Clark Russell, The Ship's Adventure, Westminster: Archibald Constable, page 304:

The steamer was more than ahead of us, just on our quarter as we say, and the light was more astern.

1966, Peter Padfield, The Titanic and the Californian, page 233:

Behind a vessel; having a bearing of 180 degrees from ahead.


on top of

There's a house on top of the mountain.

Living on top of one another in a refugee camp is stressful.

At peak times, a telephone operator must handle a number of calls, one on top of the next.

Very close to, in any orientation or in time.

[…] and on top of all that, I got a puncture!

No Ammonite or Moabite is to enter the congregation of GOD, even to the tenth generation, nor any of his children, ever. Those nations didn’t treat you with hospitality on your travels out of Egypt, and on top of that they also hired Balaam son of Beor from Pethor in Mesopotamia to curse you.

2018, “Deuteronomy 23”, in Eugene H. Peterson, transl., The Message Deluxe Gift Bible, Tyndale House Publishers, →ISBN, page 195:

(idiomatic) In addition to something else.

I have sorted out the problems and am now on top of the situation.

You will need to get on top of your nutrition in addition to training for washboard abs.

(idiomatic) Fully informed about, and in control of, something; up to speed with.


upstage

en-adj

upstage (comparative more upstage, superlative most upstage)

more upstage (comparative)
most upstage (superlative)

From up- + stage. The figurative uses “haughty” and “to draw attention away” derive from actors moving to a higher and thus more visible position on a sloped stage.

If she hasn't time for this or that, if she refuses to make or keep appointments, if her face does not greet all comers with a sweet and charming smile, then the word is passed around that ‘So-and-So is getting high-hat and up-stage.’

1929 December, Betty Boone, “The Price of this Stardom”, in Screenland, page 22:


underneath

en-noun

underneath (usually uncountable, plural underneaths)

From Middle English undernethe, undernethen, from Old English underneoþan (“underneath”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *underniþer.

The underneath is music from the latest album by ….

2009, Jay Trachtenberg (radio host), KUT-FM Radio, Austin, Texas, 17 Dec.

A background radio sound track played during a specific announcement or program.


above ground

underground

antonym(s) of “existing within or produced by the establishment”

/əˈbʌvˌɡɹaʊnd/

More disturbing was that zines and underground culture didn't seem to be any sort of threat to this aboveground world.

2003, Henry Jenkins III, Tara McPherson, Jane Shattuc, Hop on Pop: The Politics and Pleasures of Popular Culture, page 228:

And they argue that if aboveground activists continue to express public sympathy for their underground counterparts […]

2006 March, “Watching What You Eat”, in Indianapolis Monthly, page 82:

But there is yet another interlocutor that precedes the underground culture of zines: the aboveground world of straight society.

2014, Stephen Duncombe, Notes from Underground: Zines and the Politics of Alternative Culture:

Not of or relating to the social or political underground; in the open; existing within or produced by the establishment.


downtown

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-downtown.wav

John walked every day to his downtown job.

“Human flesh got stuck to me,” he recalls now, as we sit in the ambulance control centre in downtown Karachi.

2017 April 6, Samira Shackle, “On the frontline with Karachi’s ambulance drivers”, in The Guardian:

Of, relating to, or situated in the central business district


downtown

You need to go downtown four blocks.

When you're alone and life is making you lonely / You can always go downtown

1964, Tony Hatch, “Downtown”, performed by Petula Clark:

In or towards the central business district.

keskustassa oleva

in, or towards the central business district

That shot came from way downtown!

(basketball) Outside the three-point line, or generally far from the basket.


downtown

(chiefly US, Canada) The main business part of a city or town, usually located at or near its center.

middestad

either the lower, or the business center of a city or town


downward

If we turn to the New World, we find that among the American Indians, from the Eskimo of Alaska downward to Brazil and still farther south, homosexual customs have been very frequently observed.

1927, Havelock Ellis, Studies in the Psychology of Sex, volume 2:


upstream

en-adj

upstream (comparative farther or further upstream, superlative farthest or furthest upstream)

farther (comparative)
further upstream (comparative)
farthest (superlative)
furthest upstream (superlative)

The outage was caused by an upstream error in a payments library.

You can also check the upstream and/or Debian bug trackers for open and closed bugs and the upstream revision history or newer release(s).

2013, Matthew Helmke, Ubuntu Unleashed 2013 Edition: Covering 12.10 and 13.04, Pearson Education:

If the developer knows the bug is an upstream bug but does not know which bug it is in the upstream bug tracker, he can add an upstream task to the bug report.

2012, Jono Bacon, The Art of Community: Building the New Age of Participation, O'Reilly Media, page 141:

Because a user generally does not know the pedigree of the open source, it cannot know whether an upstream developer used intellectual property belonging to a third party in developing that software.

2008, Michael Dennis Scott, Scott on Outsourcing: Law and Practice, Aspen Publishers, page 198:

We'll walk through the steps to build FreeS/WAN using the upstream tarball.

2002, Tony Mancill, Linux Routers: A Primer for Network Administrators, Prentice Hall, page 190:

en:figuratively, in general
en:figuratively, of version control

(figurative) Occurring earlier than something else; (also, usually, especially) being an influence on something else; causing a consequence for something else.

(software) Maintained, owned, or associated with the original developers of the given software; in contrast to a modified version downstream.


uptown

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-uptown.wav

(chiefly Canada, US) The residential part of a city, away from the commercial center.


next to

This last he explained to me once, though the explanation didn't matter much, not next to the feeling of those low hairy clouds and the sea bashing itself against the shore. The explanation, in fact, made the poem less wonderful, ...

2002, Michael Hettich, Greatest hits, 1987-2001, Pudding House Publications, →ISBN, page 5:

As the world's drug habit shows, governments are failing in their quest to monitor every London window-box and Andean hillside for banned plants. But even that Sisyphean task looks easy next to the fight against synthetic drugs.

2013 August 10, “A new prescription”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8848:


upwards

From Middle English upwardes, from Old English upweardes, equivalent to up + -wards. Cognate with Dutch opwaarts (“upwards”), German aufwärts (“upwards”).


downwards

After the rise in oil prices, the economy headed downwards.

Towards something which is lower in order, smaller, inferior, etc.


atop

He sat atop the mountain, waiting for the end of the world.

For example, when trailers containing new automobiles were first piggybacked two areas of potential damage became evident: (1) diesel locomotive exhaust left a film of oil on the new autos; and (2) auto windshields could be scarred or cracked by the metal-tipped "tell-tales" which warn men atop trains of oncoming bridges or tunnels.

1960 November, David Morgan, “"Piggyback"—U.S. success story”, in Trains Illustrated, page 684:

A virtue is made out of a necessity, with the child feeling far more atop and master of his oddness, his behavior now deliberate or even clever.

1966, The Minnesota Review, volume 6, page 242:

"And other things," she echoed, nodding slowly and resting her body a little more atop him again.

2006, Dewey Lambdin, The Gun Ketch, page 48:

2014, Paul Salopek, Blessed. Cursed. Claimed., National Geographic (December 2014)https://web.archive.org/web/20150212214621/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2014/12/pilgrim-roads/salopek-text
“Monotheism was born here,” Goren tells me atop a cliff overlooking the sheet of iron-colored water.

The leading voices of the womanosphere are using a similar strategy. As Brittany Hugoboom put it in an op–ed for the rightwing outlet Quillette: “Conservatives will never win if they imagine themselves as combatants atop defensive battlements, hurling abuse on the mass media. We need to involve ourselves in the creation of pop culture.”

2025 April 24, Anna Silman, “Now comes the ‘womanosphere’: the anti-feminist media telling women to be thin, fertile and Republican”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

He sat atop of the mountain, waiting for the end of the world.


downstream

downstream (comparative farther or further downstream, superlative farthest or furthest downstream)

farther (comparative)
further downstream (comparative)
farthest (superlative)
furthest downstream (superlative)

en:figuratively, of base pairs in nucleic acid sequences

(figurative) Occurring later than something else; (also, usually, especially) influenced by something else; being a consequence of something else.

(biology) Towards the 3′ end of a DNA molecule.

en aval

biology: towards the 3' end of a DNA molecule


next door

next door (comparative more next door, superlative most next door)

more next door (comparative)
most next door (superlative)
next-door (alternative)
nextdoor (alternative)

Try the place next door.

(usually postpositive) That is in an adjacent place; that is located next door.


in front of

after

antonym(s) of “at or near the front part of”

away from

antonym(s) of “in the presence of (someone)”

Don't fight in front of the children!

What happened to me was, right in front of my eyes- I was there with my brother- and right in front of my eyes, they, a team of monkeys came by to this poor guy that sells fruit for a living- and, I don't know, probably that was all his kids were gonna eat from the, you know, the money he had to make, you know, sell the fruit. But all of the sudden just a bunch of monkeys came by robbed the whole thing he had. It was like thirty of them, just robbed him blind the poor guy. He was chasing them all over. He would chase one and they would jump off and then come back and it was like the funniest thing I've ever seen.

2006 May 9, Penn Jillette, Michael Goudeau, quoting Sareen, 11:30 from the start, in Penn Radio:

In the presence of, in view of (someone).

I'll take the one in front of the black one.

Write ‘Professor’ in front of her name.

Several people are in front of me in line. The woman next in front of me is older, probably in her fifties.

a. 2002, “Mandi”, quoted in Nicholas E. Brink, Grendel and His Mother: Healing the Traumas of Childhood Through Dreams, Imagery, and Hypnosis, Baywood Publishing Company, Inc. (2002), page 1

We determined that the car driver’s transportation of multiple teen passengers, limited driving experience, and likely impairment from effects of cannabis at the time of the crash adversely affected her judgment of the danger of entering the intersection in front of the approaching combination vehicle.

2024, NTSB, Intersection Crash Between Passenger Car and Combination Vehicle, Tishomingo, Oklahoma, March 22, 2022:

Located before, ahead of, previous to (someone or something).


on deck

Jones is the on-deck batter.

(baseball) Being the batter who will be up next, typically when that player is waiting on the field.


onstage

on-stage (alternative)
on stage (alternative)

The first is a special—a single lighting instrument that lights a particular spot on the stage. Specials generally have no color, or a more saturated color, allowing them to stand out through other lighting onstage.

2009, Jennifer Bringle, Lighting, page 23:

Taking place on the part of a stage that is visible to the audience.


cater-corner

/ˈkeɪtəˌkɔːnə/

/ˈkætəˌkɔɹnɚ/

Presumably a clipped form of cater-cornered, from cater + cornered, q.v., although catty-cornered is attested earlier (1838).

catacorner (alternative)
catercorner (alternative)
catty-corner (alternative)
kitty-corner (alternative)

Altman's is sited catercorner to the ESB.


downstage

The part of a stage that is closest to the audience or camera.


stateside

I'll be stateside for the next month.

You'll need a valid stateside motorcycle license.

They made their stateside debut in the late 1970s.

Q: Why do I need a new stateside driver’s license if my expired license is good as long as I am in military?
A current, valid stateside driver’s license is required to get a USAREUR driving permit and international driving permit.

2018, U.S. Army Europe Public Affairs Office, “Sponsorship & Newcomers-FAQs”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), archived from the original on 2018-08-20:

“Yonks,” he replies when I ask how long he's been stateside. “It's not like I've become American. I'm in England every year.”

2024 February 17, John Wright, quoting John Lydon, “I terrified a nation. Not bad for an 18-year-old”, in FT Weekend, Life & Arts, page 16:

(chiefly outside USA) In the United States.


close to

en-adv

close to (comparative closer to, superlative closest to)

closer to (comparative)
closest to (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-close to.wav

It lasted close to an hour.

It rained for close to forty days and forty nights.

(of quantifiers of nouns) Approximately.


off base

off-base (alternative)
offbase (alternative)

The hippo heard us, and, like a baseball player caught off base, tried to get back to the river.

1907, Richard Harding Davis, chapter 5, in The Congo and Coasts of Africa:

(not comparable, baseball, of a baserunner) Positioned somewhere between the bases, and hence vulnerable to being caught out.


off board

(idiomatic) Not on or in a means of transportation.


in between

Univerbation of in + between, perhaps in imitation of similar phrases as in the middle of, in the midst of, etc.


in front

Sit in front of the computer.


out of town

They are out of town this week.

(of a person) Away from home; out of one's town of residence.


outside of

It never happens outside of the story-books that a baby so deserted finds home and friends at once.

1890, Jacob A[ugust] Riis, “Waifs of the City’s Slums”, in How the Other Half Lives: Studies among the Tenements of New York, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC, page 188:

'Don't think of what's past!' said she. 'I am not going to think outside of now. Why should we! Who knows what to-morrow has in store?'

1891, Thomas Hardy, chapter LVIII, in Tess of the d’Urbervilles: A Pure Woman Faithfully Presented […], volume III, London: James R[ipley] Osgood, McIlvaine and Co., […], →OCLC, phase the seventh (Fulfilment), page 260:


belowground

en-adj

belowground (comparative more belowground, superlative most belowground)

more belowground (comparative)
most belowground (superlative)
below ground (alternative)

beneath the surface of the ground; underground


across from

The woman sitting across from us was smoking a cigar.

The gym is across from the lounge. It is behind the lobby.

2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)


ahead of

I arrived at the suite half an hour ahead of Jack.


on base

The Piper was on base for a landing on runway 9.

(aviation) Flying the base leg of an approach.


close by

close-by (alternative)
closeby (alternative)

She lives close by us.

Close, near, nearby: in proximity (to).
With a noun-phrase complement.

There isn't any good source of water close by.

Close, near, nearby: in proximity (to).
With no explicit complement.

He waited close by to the store.

With the preposition to introducing a noun-phrase complement.

The close-by family members tried to help.

Close, near, nearby: in proximity (to).
Preceding and modifying a noun.


in town

In the growing gambling industry, alongside table games (poker, roulette, etc.) and slot machines, there is a new game in town.

2012, William Schnoebelen, Romancing Death:

(informal) Present; making an appearance.


up close

en-adv

up close (comparative more up close, superlative most up close)

more up close (comparative)
most up close (superlative)

Viewed from up close, the image becomes a blur of coloured dots.