मंदिर

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<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಮಂದಿರ</i>

maṃdira (romanization)
ಮಂದಿರ (Kannada)
मंदिरं (nominative singular)
मंदिराइं (nominative plural)
मंदिराइ (nominative plural)
मंदिरं (accusative singular)
मंदिराइं (accusative plural)
मंदिराइ (accusative plural)
मंदिरेण (instrumental singular)
मंदिरेणं (instrumental singular)
मंदिरेहि (instrumental plural)
मंदिरेहिं (instrumental plural)
मंदिराअ (dative singular)
मंदिराओ (ablative singular)
मंदिराउ (ablative singular)
मंदिरा (ablative singular)
मंदिराहि (ablative singular)
मंदिराहिंतो (ablative singular)
मंदिरस्स (genitive singular)
मंदिराण (genitive plural)
मंदिराणं (genitive plural)
मंदिरम्मि (locative singular)
मंदिरे (locative singular)
मंदिरेसु (locative plural)
मंदिरेसुं (locative plural)
मंदिर (singular vocative)
मंदिरा (singular vocative)
मंदिराइं (plural vocative)
मंदिराइ (plural vocative)

𑀫𑀁𑀤𑀺𑀭 𑀫𑀁𑀤𑀺𑀭#Prakrit


रस

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ರಸ</i>

rasa (romanization)
ರಸ (Kannada)
रसो (nominative singular)
रसा (nominative plural)
रसं (accusative singular)
रसे (accusative plural)
रसा (accusative plural)
रसेण (instrumental singular)
रसेणं (instrumental singular)
रसेहि (instrumental plural)
रसेहिं (instrumental plural)
रसाअ (dative singular)
रसाओ (ablative singular)
रसाउ (ablative singular)
रसा (ablative singular)
रसाहि (ablative singular)
रसाहिंतो (ablative singular)
रसस्स (genitive singular)
रसाण (genitive plural)
रसाणं (genitive plural)
रसम्मि (locative singular)
रसे (locative singular)
रसेसु (locative plural)
रसेसुं (locative plural)
रस (singular vocative)
रसा (singular vocative)
रसा (plural vocative)
रसो (nominative singular)
रसा (nominative plural)
रसं (accusative singular)
रसे (accusative plural)
रसेण (instrumental singular)
रसेहिं (instrumental plural)
रसादो (ablative singular)
रसस्स (genitive singular)
रसाणं (genitive plural)
रसे (locative singular)
रसेसु (locative plural)
रसेसुं (locative plural)
रस (singular vocative)
रसा (plural vocative)


गोर

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಗೋರ</i>

gora (romanization)
ಗೋರ (Kannada)
गोरो (nominative singular)
गोरा (nominative plural)
गोरं (accusative singular)
गोरे (accusative plural)
गोरा (accusative plural)
गोरेण (instrumental singular)
गोरेणं (instrumental singular)
गोरेहि (instrumental plural)
गोरेहिं (instrumental plural)
गोराअ (dative singular)
गोराओ (ablative singular)
गोराउ (ablative singular)
गोरा (ablative singular)
गोराहि (ablative singular)
गोराहिंतो (ablative singular)
गोरस्स (genitive singular)
गोराण (genitive plural)
गोराणं (genitive plural)
गोरम्मि (locative singular)
गोरे (locative singular)
गोरेसु (locative plural)
गोरेसुं (locative plural)
गोर (singular vocative)
गोरा (singular vocative)
गोरा (plural vocative)
गोरी (nominative singular)
गोरीओ (nominative plural)
गोरी (nominative plural)
गोरिं (accusative singular)
गोरीओ (accusative plural)
गोरी (accusative plural)
गोरीए (instrumental singular)
गोरीहि (instrumental plural)
गोरीहिं (instrumental plural)
गोरीओ (ablative singular)
गोरीहिंतो (ablative plural)
गोरीए (genitive singular)
गोरीण (genitive plural)
गोरीणं (genitive plural)
गोरीए (locative singular)
गोरीसु (locative plural)
गोरीसुं (locative plural)
गोरि (singular vocative)
गोरी (singular vocative)
गोरीओ (plural vocative)
गोरी (plural vocative)
गोरं (nominative singular)
गोराइं (nominative plural)
गोराइ (nominative plural)
गोरं (accusative singular)
गोराइं (accusative plural)
गोराइ (accusative plural)
गोरेण (instrumental singular)
गोरेणं (instrumental singular)
गोरेहि (instrumental plural)
गोरेहिं (instrumental plural)
गोराअ (dative singular)
गोराओ (ablative singular)
गोराउ (ablative singular)
गोरा (ablative singular)
गोराहि (ablative singular)
गोराहिंतो (ablative singular)
गोरस्स (genitive singular)
गोराण (genitive plural)
गोराणं (genitive plural)
गोरम्मि (locative singular)
गोरे (locative singular)
गोरेसु (locative plural)
गोरेसुं (locative plural)
गोर (singular vocative)
गोरा (singular vocative)
गोराइं (plural vocative)
गोराइ (plural vocative)

Devanagari script form of 𑀕𑁄𑀭 (“white, pale”)


समूह

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಸಮೂಹ</i>

samūha (romanization)
ಸಮೂಹ (Kannada)
समूहो (nominative singular)
समूहा (nominative plural)
समूहं (accusative singular)
समूहे (accusative plural)
समूहा (accusative plural)
समूहेण (instrumental singular)
समूहेणं (instrumental singular)
समूहेहि (instrumental plural)
समूहेहिं (instrumental plural)
समूहाअ (dative singular)
समूहाओ (ablative singular)
समूहाउ (ablative singular)
समूहा (ablative singular)
समूहाहि (ablative singular)
समूहाहिंतो (ablative singular)
समूहस्स (genitive singular)
समूहाण (genitive plural)
समूहाणं (genitive plural)
समूहम्मि (locative singular)
समूहे (locative singular)
समूहेसु (locative plural)
समूहेसुं (locative plural)
समूह (singular vocative)
समूहा (singular vocative)
समूहा (plural vocative)

𑀲𑀫𑀽𑀳 𑀲𑀫𑀽𑀳#Prakrit


𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">अम्हे</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಅಮ್ಹೇ</i>

𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (amhe) (Devanagari अम्हे, Kannada ಅಮ್ಹೇ)

amhe (romanization)
अम्हे (Devanagari)
ಅಮ್ಹೇ (Kannada)
𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (nominative plural)
𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)

Garhwali: हम (ham)

Gujarati: અમે (ame)

Konkani: āmi

Devanagari script: आमि

Kannada script: ಆಮಿ

Latin script: ami

Old Marathi:

Modi script: 𑘁𑘦𑘲𑘽 (āmīṃ), 𑘁𑘦𑘿𑘮𑘲 (āmhī)

Devanagari script: आमीं (āmīṃ), आम्ही (āmhī)

Nepali: हामी (hāmī)

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਅਸੀਂ (asī̃), ਅਸਾਂ (asā̃)

Shahmukhi script: اسیں, اساں

Romani: amen, ame

desctree

Sauraseni Apabhramsa: अम्हे (amhe)
Old Hindi: हम (hama), हंम (haṃma)
Braj: हम (ham)
Hindustani:
Hindi: हम (ham)
Urdu: ہم (ham)

Saurashtra: ꢂꢪꢶ (ami)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: اسين, اسان

Devanagari script: असीं, असां

Inherited from Sanskrit अस्मे (asmé, locative of वयम् (vayám, “we”)). First attested in Middle Indo-Aryan as Ashokan Prakrit 𑀅𑀨𑁂 (aphe). Cognate with Magadhi Prakrit 𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀫𑁂 (asme), Pali amhe.

inh

locative of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">वयम्</i> (vayám, “we”)


𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">रुप्प</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">રુપ્પ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ರುಪ್ಪ</i>

𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧 (ruppa) n (Devanagari रुप्प, Gujarati રુપ્પ, Kannada ರುಪ್ಪ)

tlb

(attested in Ardhamāgadhī, Māhārāṣṭrī, Śaurasenī)

ruppa (romanization)
रुप्प (Devanagari)
રુપ્પ (Gujarati)
ರುಪ್ಪ (Kannada)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧 (singular vocative)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)

Assamese: ৰূপ (rup)

Old Gujarati: रूप (rūpa)

Hindustani: rūp

Hindi: रूप

Urdu: روپ

Maithili: rūp

Devanagari script: रूप

Tirhuta script: 𑒩𑒴𑒣

Romani: rup

रुपे

*𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧-𑀅 (*ruppa-a), *𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧-𑀕 (*ruppa-ga)


𑀤𑁄

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">दो</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">દો</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ದೋ</i>

𑀤𑁄 (do) (Devanagari दो, Gujarati દો, Kannada ದೋ)

tlb

(attested in Ardhamāgadhī, Śaurasenī, Māhārāṣṭrī)

do (romanization)
दो (Devanagari)
દો (Gujarati)
ದೋ (Kannada)
𑀤𑀼𑀯𑁂 (alternative uncommon)

Assamese: দুই (dui)

Bengali: দুই (dui)

Bhojpuri: दुइ (dui)

→ Fiji Hindi: dui

Hindustani: do

Hindi: दो

Urdu: دو

Punjabi: do

Gurmukhi script: ਦੋ

Shahmukhi script: دو

Rohingya: dui

Romani: duj
Traveller Norwegian: dy


𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">पुत्त</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಪುತ್ತ</i>

𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (putta) m (Devanagari पुत्त, Kannada ಪುತ್ತ, feminine 𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻)

putta (romanization)
पुत्त (Devanagari)
ಪುತ್ತ (Kannada)
𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 𑀻 (feminine)
𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (singular vocative)
𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (plural vocative)
𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀤𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (singular vocative)
𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (plural vocative)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਪੁੱਤ (putta), ਪੁੱਤਰ (puttar)

Hindustani: pūt

Hindi: पूत

Urdu: پُوت

Konkani: pūt

Devanagari script: पूत

Kannada script: ಪೂತ್

Latin script: put

Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: पुत (puta), पूत (pūta)

Modi script: 𑘢𑘳𑘝 (puta)

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀧𑀼𑀢 (puta /putta/), from Sanskrit पुत्र (putrá).


𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">हत्थ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಹತ್ಥ</i>

𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣 (hattha) m (Devanagari हत्थ, Kannada ಹತ್ಥ)

hattha (romanization)
हत्थ (Devanagari)
ಹತ್ಥ (Kannada)
𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣 (singular vocative)
𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸 (plural vocative)
𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀤𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣 (singular vocative)
𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸 (plural vocative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Eastern Hindi:

Awadhi: हाँथ (hā̃th)

Western Hindi:

Hindustani:

Hindi: हाथ (hāth)

Urdu: ہاتھ (hāth)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali-Assamese:

Early Assamese: হাথ (hatho)

Assamese: হাত (hat)

Old Bengali: হাথ (hātha)

Bengali: হাত (hat)

Chakma: 𑄦𑄖𑄴 (hāt)

Rohingya: hát

Sylheti: ꠀꠔ (at)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: हाथ (hāth)

Maithili: हाथ (hāth)

Odia: ହାତ (hāta)

Insular Indo-Aryan:

Dhivehi: އަތް (at̊), އަތްތިލަ (at̊tila)

Sinhalese: අත (ata)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Garhwali: हाथ (hāth)

Nepali: हात (hāt)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Kachchi: હથ (hath)

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਹੱਥ (hattha)

Shahmukhi script: ہَتھّ (hathh)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: هَٿُ

Devanagari script: हथु

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Konkani:

Devanagari script: हात (hāt)

Kannada script: ಹಾತ್ (hāt)

Latin script: hat

Old Marathi:

desc

Modi script: 𑘮𑘞 (hatha), 𑘮𑘰𑘘 (hāṭa), 𑘮𑘰𑘝 (hāta), 𑘮𑘰𑘞 (hātha)

Devanagari script: हथ (hatha), हाट (hāṭa), हात (hāta), हाथ (hātha)

Marathi: हात (hāt)

Western Indo-Aryan:

desctree

Old Gujarati: हाथ (hātha)
Gujarati: હાથ (hāth)
Malvi: हात (hāt)
Nimadi: हाथ (hāth)

Romani: vast

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰes-der.
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰástas
Sanskrit हस्त (hasta)
Prakrit 𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣 (hattha)
Inherited from Sanskrit हस्त (hasta), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰástas, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰes-.
Cognate with Pali hattha.


𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">कण्ण</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಕಣ್ಣ</i>

𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡 (kaṇṇa) m (Devanagari कण्ण, Kannada ಕಣ್ಣ)

kaṇṇa (romanization)
कण्ण (Devanagari)
ಕಣ್ಣ (Kannada)
𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡 (singular vocative)
𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸 (plural vocative)

Central:

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:

Awadhi: कान (kān)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Hindustani: kān

Hindi: कान

Urdu: کان (kān)

Romani: kan

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

desctree

Avahattha: 𑖎𑖜𑖿𑖜 (kaṇṇa), कण्ण (kaṇṇa)
Bengali-Assamese:
Assamese: কাণ (kan), কান (kan)
Bengali: কান (kan)
Hajong: কান
Bihari:
Bhojpuri: kān
Devanagari script: कान
Kaithi script: 𑂍𑂰𑂢
Magahi: kān
Devanagari script: कान
Kaithi script: 𑂍𑂰𑂢
Maithili: kān
Devanagari script: कान
Tirhuta script: 𑒏𑒰𑒢
Odia: କାନ (kāna)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Central Pahari:

Kumaoni: कान (kān)

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: कान (kān)

Western Pahari:

Bhadrawahi: कन्न (kann)

Chambeali: कन्न (kann)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Lahnda: کَنّ (kann), کَن (kan)

Punjabi: kann

Gurmukhi script: ਕੰਨ

Shahmukhi script: کَنّ

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: kanu

Arabic script: ڪَنُ

Devanagari script: कनु

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

⇒ Dhivehi: ކަންފަތް (kan̊fat̊)

Sinhalese: කන (kana), කණ (kaṇa)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Konkani: kānu

Devanagari script: कानु

Latin script: kanu

Kannada script: ಕಾನು

Old Marathi: kāna

Modi script: 𑘎𑘰𑘡

Devanagari script: कान

Western:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Old Gujarati: कान (kāna)
Gujarati: કાન (kān)
Old Marwari: कान (kān)

Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀓𑀭𑁆𑀡 (kárṇa). Cognate with Pali kaṇṇa.

ref

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kárṇa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 144: “Pk. kaṇṇa-, °aḍaya- m. 'ear'”

hi:सुभद्र झा


𑀅𑀳𑀅𑀁

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">अहअं</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಅಹಅಂ</i>

𑀅𑀳𑀅𑀁 (ahaaṃ) (Devanagari अहअं, Kannada ಅಹಅಂ)

ahaaṃ (romanization)
अहअं (Devanagari)
ಅಹಅಂ (Kannada)
𑀳𑀕𑁂 (alternative)
𑀅𑀳𑀬𑀁 (alternative)

Inherited from Sanskrit अहकम् (ahakam, diminutive of अहम् (ahám)). Attested c. 232-268 BCE as Ashokan Prakrit 𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ). Related to 𑀅𑀳𑀁 (ahaṃ).

inh

diminutive of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">अहम्</i> (ahám)


𑀢𑀁

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">तं</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ತಂ</i>

taṃ (romanization)
तं (Devanagari)
ತಂ (Kannada)
𑀢𑀼𑀫𑀁 (alternative)


𑀲𑁄

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">सो</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">સો</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಸೋ</i>

𑀲𑁄 (so) m (Devanagari सो, Gujarati સો, Kannada ಸೋ, feminine 𑀲𑀸, neuter 𑀢𑀁)

tlb

(attested in Māhārāṣṭrī, Jain Māhārāṣṭrī, Ardhamāgadhī, Śaurasenī, Paiśācī)

so (romanization)
सो (Devanagari)
સો (Gujarati)
ಸೋ (Kannada)
𑀲𑀸 (feminine)
𑀢𑀁 (neuter)
𑀲 (alternative)

Central:

Old Hindi: सो ~ तिस (so ~ tisa)

Hindi: सो (so)

Urdu: سو (so)

Eastern: See 𑀰𑁂 (śe)

Southern:

Old Marathi:

Marathi: तो (to)

Konkani: तो (to)

Western:

Old Gujarati:

Gujarati: તે (te)

Inherited from Sanskrit स (sa). Cognate with Magadhi Prakrit 𑀰𑁂 (śe).


𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">अत्थि</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">અત્થિ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಅತ್ಥಿ</i>

tlb

(attested in Ardhamāgadhī, Māhārāṣṭrī, Śaurasenī)

pra-head

𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺 (atthi) (Devanagari अत्थि, Gujarati અત્થિ, Kannada ಅತ್ಥಿ) (intransitive)

atthi (romanization)
अत्थि (Devanagari)
અત્થિ (Gujarati)
ಅತ್ಥಿ (Kannada)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Old Hindi: आथना (āthanā)

Hindustani:

Hindi: आथना (āthnā)

Urdu: آتْھنا (āthnā)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Sindhi:

Arabic script: اَٿَ (atha)

Devanagari script: अथ (atha)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁es-
Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hásti
Sanskrit अस्ति॑ (ásti)
Ashokan Prakrit 𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀢𑀺 (asti)
Prakrit 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺 (atthi)
Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀢𑀺 (asti), from Sanskrit अस्ति॑ (ásti), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hásti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti, from *h₁es-. Cognate with Pali atthi.

etymon

॥ निपात्थि ॥ २० ॥

c. 300 BCE, Vararuci, Prākṛta-Prakāśa 12.20

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


𑀳𑁄𑀇

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">होइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಹೋಇ</i>

pra-head

𑀳𑁄𑀇 (hoi) (Devanagari होइ, Kannada ಹೋಇ) (intransitive)

hoi (romanization)
होइ (Devanagari)
ಹೋಇ (Kannada)
𑀪𑁄𑀤𑀺 (alternative)
𑀪𑀯𑀇 (alternative)
𑀪𑀯𑀏 (alternative)
𑀳𑀼𑀯𑁃 (alternative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

desctree

Old Hindi: होना (honā)
Hindustani:
Hindi: होना (honā)
Urdu: ہونا (honā)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali-Assamese:

Early Assamese: ভ (bho)

Assamese: হোৱা (hüa), হয় (hoy), হ (ho)

Bengali: হওয়া (hoōẇa), হয় (hoẏ)

Bihari:

Maithili: होएब (hōēb)

Odia: ହେବା (hebā)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Kumaoni: हुणो (“to be”)

Nepali: हुनु (hunu), हो (ho)

Western Pahari:

Bhadrawahi: भोणू (bhōṇū)

Pangwali: भूणा (bhūṇā)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi:

desc

Gurmukhi script: ਹੋਣਾ (hoṇā), ਹੌਣਾ (hauṇā)

Shahmukhi script: حوݨَا (ḥoṇā), حَوݨَا (ḥauṇā)

Saraiki: [script needed] (ho-, “to become, be”)

Sindhi: huaṇu ("to be")

Devanagari script: हुअणु

Arabic script: هُاڻُ

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Old Marathi: 𑘮𑘻𑘜𑘹 (hoṇe)

Marathi: होणे (hoṇe)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Romani: ovel

Gujarati: હોવું (hovũ)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-
Sanskrit भव॑ति (bhávati)
Ashokan Prakrit 𑀪𑀯𑀢𑀺 (bhavati)
Ashokan Prakrit 𑀳𑁄𑀢𑀺 (hoti)
Prakrit 𑀳𑁄𑀇 (hoi)
Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀳𑁄𑀢𑀺 (hoti), from 𑀪𑀯𑀢𑀺 (bhavati), from Sanskrit भव॑ति (bhávati), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-.


पुत्त

putta (romanization)
ಪುತ್ತ (Kannada)
पुत्तो (nominative singular)
पुत्ता (nominative plural)
पुत्तं (accusative singular)
पुत्ते (accusative plural)
पुत्ता (accusative plural)
पुत्तेण (instrumental singular)
पुत्तेणं (instrumental singular)
पुत्तेहि (instrumental plural)
पुत्तेहिं (instrumental plural)
पुत्ताअ (dative singular)
पुत्ताओ (ablative singular)
पुत्ताउ (ablative singular)
पुत्ता (ablative singular)
पुत्ताहि (ablative singular)
पुत्ताहिंतो (ablative singular)
पुत्तस्स (genitive singular)
पुत्ताण (genitive plural)
पुत्ताणं (genitive plural)
पुत्तम्मि (locative singular)
पुत्ते (locative singular)
पुत्तेसु (locative plural)
पुत्तेसुं (locative plural)
पुत्त (singular vocative)
पुत्ता (singular vocative)
पुत्ता (plural vocative)
पुत्तो (nominative singular)
पुत्ता (nominative plural)
पुत्तं (accusative singular)
पुत्ते (accusative plural)
पुत्तेण (instrumental singular)
पुत्तेहिं (instrumental plural)
पुत्तादो (ablative singular)
पुत्तस्स (genitive singular)
पुत्ताणं (genitive plural)
पुत्ते (locative singular)
पुत्तेसु (locative plural)
पुत्तेसुं (locative plural)
पुत्त (singular vocative)
पुत्ता (plural vocative)

𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢#Prakrit


अहअं

𑀅𑀳𑀅𑀁 𑀅𑀳𑀅𑀁#Prakrit


𑀅𑀳𑀁

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">अहं</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">અહં</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಅಹಂ</i>

𑀅𑀳𑀁 (ahaṃ) (Devanagari अहं, Gujarati અહં, Kannada ಅಹಂ)

ahaṃ (romanization)
अहं (Devanagari)
અહં (Gujarati)
ಅಹಂ (Kannada)
𑀅𑀳𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (nominative plural)
𑀫𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀡𑁄 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑀫𑀸𑀤𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀫𑀫 (genitive singular)
𑀫𑁂 (genitive singular)
𑀫𑀳 (genitive singular)
𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀡𑁄 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑀇 (locative singular)
𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)

pra-sau-decl-noun-irregular

𑀫𑀫 or 𑀫𑁂 or 𑀫𑀳

𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀸𑀡𑀁 or 𑀡𑁄

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀅𑀳𑀁 (ahaṃ).


𑀤𑀼𑀯𑁂

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">दुवे</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">દુવે</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ದುವೇ</i>

𑀤𑀼𑀯𑁂 (duve) (Devanagari दुवे, Gujarati દુવે, Kannada ದುವೇ)

duve (romanization)
दुवे (Devanagari)
દુવે (Gujarati)
ದುವೇ (Kannada)


𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">वग्घ</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">વગ્ઘ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ವಗ್ಘ</i>

𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖 (vaggha) m (Devanagari वग्घ, Gujarati વગ્ઘ, Kannada ವಗ್ಘ)

vaggha (romanization)
वग्घ (Devanagari)
વગ્ઘ (Gujarati)
ವಗ್ಘ (Kannada)
𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖 (singular vocative)
𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖𑀸 (plural vocative)

Gujarati: વાઘ (vāgh)

Hindustani: bāgh

Hindi: बाघ

Urdu: باگھ

Saurashtra: ꢮꢵꢔ꣄ (vāg)

Inherited from Sanskrit व्याघ्र (vyāghrá).


𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">मच्छ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಮಚ್ಛ</i>

𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙 (maccha) m (Devanagari मच्छ, Kannada ಮಚ್ಛ)

maccha (romanization)
मच्छ (Devanagari)
ಮಚ್ಛ (Kannada)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀸 (plural vocative)

Hindustani: macch

Hindi: मच्छ

Urdu: مَچھ

Old Marathi: 𑘦𑘔 (macha), 𑘦𑘓𑘿𑘔 (maccha)

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀫𑀙 (macha).


𑀙

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">छ</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">છ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಛ</i>

𑀙 (cha) (Devanagari छ, Gujarati છ, Kannada ಛ)

cha (romanization)
छ (Devanagari)
છ (Gujarati)
ಛ (Kannada)

Central:

Shauraseni Prakrit:

Domaaki:

Old Gujarati: छ (cha)

Gujarati: છ (cha)

Marwari: छः (chaḥ)

Saurashtra: ꢱꣂ (sō)

Old Hindi: षट (ṣaṭa)

Hindustani: chah

Hindi: छह

Urdu: چھہ

desc

Romani: śov, shov (Anglicized), šov (Pan-Vlax)

Dardic:

Dameli: ṣō

Kalami: [script needed] (ṣuə), [script needed] (ṣɔ)

Indus Kohistani: [script needed] (šōh), [script needed] (ṣō)

Kalasha: [script needed] (ṣɔ)

Kashmiri:

Arabic script: شےٚ (śe)

Devanagari script: शॆ (śe)

Grangali: [script needed] (ṣō)

Phalura: ݜوۡ (ṣʷo), ݜو (ṣo), ݜوھ (ṣoʰ)

Savi: [script needed] (ṣōᵘ), [script needed] (ṣū)

Shina: ݜ (ṣa), [script needed] (ṣua)

Kohistani Shina: ݜوا (ṣvā)

Shumashti: [script needed] (ṣọo)

Tirahi: [script needed] (xᵘọ̈̄)

Torwali: [script needed] (ṣōᵘ)

Wotapuri-Katarqalai: [script needed] (šō)

Gawar-Bati: ݭو (ṣᵘō)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: ছয় (soy)

Bihari:

Maithili: chaō

Devanagari script: छओ

Tirhuta script: 𑒕𑒍

Fiji Hindi: chhe

Bishnupriya Manipuri: ছয়

Bengali: ছয় (choẏ)

Odia: ଛଅ (chaa)

Rohingya: só

Sylheti: ꠍꠄ (sóe)

Northern:

Nepali: छ (cha)

Western Pahari:

Bhadrawahi: śāh

Arabic script: شاح

Devanagari script: शाह

Southern:

Elu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ސަ (sa), ހަ (ha)

Sinhalese: හය (haya)

Maharashtri Prakrit:

Konkani: sa

Devanagari script: स

Kannada script: ಸ

Latin script: so, sov

Old Marathi: sā, sāhā

Devanagari script: सा, साहा

Modi script: 𑘭𑘰, 𑘭𑘰𑘮𑘰

Western:

desctree

Old Punjabi: ਛਿਅ (chia), ਖਟੁ (khaṭu)
Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਛੇ (che)
Shahmukhi script: چھ (ch)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: ڇَھَہ

Devanagari script: छह

→ Proto-Nuristani:

Kamkata-viri: [script needed] (ṣū)

Waigali: [Term?] (ṣū)

Prasuni: uṣū, wuṣu

PIE word
 *swéḱs
Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀙 (*cha), 𑀱 (ṣa), from Sanskrit *𑀝𑁆𑀱𑀱𑁆 (ṭṣáṣ), 𑀱𑀱𑁆 (ṣáṣ).


𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">कुत्त</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಕುತ್ತ</i>

𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (kutta) m (Devanagari कुत्त, Kannada ಕುತ್ತ)

kutta (romanization)
कुत्त (Devanagari)
ಕುತ್ತ (Kannada)
𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀤𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (singular vocative)
𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (plural vocative)
𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (singular vocative)
𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (plural vocative)

Central:

Hindi: कुत्ता (kuttā)

Eastern:

Bengali: কুত্তা (kutta)

Rohingya: kutta

Sylheti: ꠇꠥꠔ꠆ꠔꠣ (kutta)

Northwestern:

Punjabi: ਕੁੱਤਾ (kuttā)

Saraiki: کُتّا (kuttā)

Southern:

Marathi: कुत्ते- (kutte-)

Western:

Marwari: कुत्तौ (kuttau)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *kútas?
Prakrit 𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (kutta)
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *kúttas, possibly from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kútas; compare potential Iranic cognates from Proto-Iranian *kútah.
Compare Sanskrit कुर्कुर (kurkura), कुक्कुर (kukkura), perhaps onomatopoeic.

etymon

कुती

𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻 f (kuttī) < *𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀓𑀸 (*kutt-ikā); Nepali

कुत्रा

*𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀭𑀓 (*kutt-ira-ka), *𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀭𑀓 (*kutta-ra-ka)


𑀧𑀸𑀅

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">पाअ</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">પાઅ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಪಾಅ</i>

𑀧𑀸𑀅 (pāa) m (Devanagari पाअ, Gujarati પાઅ, Kannada ಪಾಅ)

pāa (romanization)
पाअ (Devanagari)
પાઅ (Gujarati)
ಪಾಅ (Kannada)
𑀧𑀸𑀑 (nominative singular)
𑀧𑀸𑀆 (nominative plural)
𑀧𑀸𑀅𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀧𑀸𑀏 (accusative plural)
𑀧𑀸𑀆 (accusative plural)
𑀧𑀸𑀏𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀧𑀸𑀏𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀧𑀸𑀏𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀧𑀸𑀏𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀧𑀸𑀆𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀧𑀸𑀆𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀸𑀆𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀸𑀆 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀸𑀆𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀸𑀆𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀸𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀧𑀸𑀆𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀧𑀸𑀆𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀧𑀸𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀧𑀸𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀧𑀸𑀏𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀧𑀸𑀏𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀧𑀸𑀅 (singular vocative)
𑀧𑀸𑀆 (singular vocative)
𑀧𑀸𑀆 (plural vocative)
𑀧𑀸𑀬 (alternative)
𑀧𑀸𑀤 (alternative)

Bengali: পা (pa)

Old Marathi:

Modi script: 𑘢𑘰𑘄 (pāu), 𑘢𑘰𑘊 (pāe), 𑘢𑘰𑘌 (pāo)

Devanagari script: पाउ (pāu), पाए (pāe), पाओ (pāo)

Inherited from Sanskrit पाद (pā́da). Cognate with Pali pāda.

𑀧𑀸𑀬𑀫 𑀅𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂, 𑀅𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂𑀕𑁂 𑀧𑀸𑀬𑀫 𑀅𑀘𑁆𑀙𑁂; ... 𑀕𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀫 ... 𑀚𑀗𑁆𑀖𑀫 ...

pāyama abbhe, appege pāyama acche; ... gupphama ... jaṅghama ...

𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑀁𑀢𑁄-𑀯𑀺-𑀬 𑀤𑀁𑀟-𑀥𑀭𑀺𑀏𑀡𑀁 𑀧𑀸𑀏𑀡𑀁 𑀓𑀺𑀮𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀁𑀢𑁄 𑀓𑀳𑀁𑀘𑀺 𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑀇

c. 1122 – 1123, Devendra, Uttarādhyayana-Vṛtti IX. Maṇḍiya line 3

And also when he walked, he walked some way or other with wearisome effort, his foot being supported by means of a staff.

cakkamaṃto-vi-ya daṃḍa-dharieṇaṃ pāeṇaṃ kilimmaṃto kahaṃci cakkamaï


𑀡𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀇

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">णच्चइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಣಚ್ಚಇ</i>

tlb

(attested in Māhārāṣṭrī, Jain Māhārāṣṭrī)

pra-head

𑀡𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀇 (ṇaccaï) (Devanagari णच्चइ, Kannada ಣಚ್ಚಇ) (intransitive)

ṇaccaï (romanization)
णच्चइ (Devanagari)
ಣಚ್ಚಇ (Kannada)
𑀡𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀇 (alternative)
𑀡𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀤𑀺 (alternative)

Assamese: নাচা (nasa)

Old Bengali: নাচা (nācā)

Middle Bengali: নাচা (naca)

Bengali: নাচা (naca)

Sylheti: ꠘꠣꠌꠣ (nasa)

Dogri: naccnā

Devanagari script: नच्चना

Dogra script: 𑠝𑠏𑠹𑠏𑠝𑠬

Kachchi: નચણુ (nacṇu)

Konkani:

Devanagari script: नाच़्चे

Kannada script: ನಾಚ಼್ಚೆ

Latin script: nachche

Maithili: nācab

Devanagari script: नाचब

Tirhuta script: 𑒢𑒰𑒔𑒥

Old Marathi: nācaṇe

Devanagari script: नाचणे

Modi script: 𑘡𑘰𑘓𑘜𑘹

Nepali: नाच्नु (nācnu)

Odia: ନାଚିବା (nācibā)

desc

Old Punjabi: ਨਚਿ (naci /nacci/), ਨਾਚਿ (nāci)

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਨੱਚਣਾ (naccaṇā)

Shahmukhi script: نَچّنا (naccnā)

Saraiki:

Devanagari script: नचण (nacaṇ)

Multani script: 𑊚𑊊𑊕 (ncṇ)

Shahmukhi script: نَچَݨ (nacaṇ)

Sindhi: nacaṇu

Arabic script: نَچَڻُ

Devanagari script: नचणु

Khudabadi script: 𑋑𑋀𑋌𑋣

Etymology tree
Sanskrit नृत्यति (nṛtyati)
Prakrit 𑀡𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀇 (ṇaccaï)
Inherited from Sanskrit नृत्यति (nṛtyati). Cognate with Pali naccati.

etymon

𑀚𑀳-𑀚𑀳 𑀯𑀸𑀏𑀇 𑀧𑀺𑀑 𑀢𑀳-𑀢𑀳 𑀡𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀸𑀫𑀺 𑀘𑀁𑀘𑀮𑁂 𑀧𑁂𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂
𑀯𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀻 𑀯𑀮𑁂𑀇 𑀅𑀁𑀕𑀁 𑀲𑀳𑀸𑀯𑀣𑀤𑁆𑀥𑁂-𑀯𑀺 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀁𑀫𑀺
jaha-jaha vāei pio taha-taha ṇaccāmi caṃcale pĕmme

c. 200 CE – 600 CE, Hāla, Gāhā Sattasaī 38

2009 translation by Peter Khoroche and Herman Tieken
Since love is fickle, I dance to my lover’s tune.
A creeper twines itself around the unbending tree.

vallī valei aṃgaṃ sahāvathaddhe-vi rukkhaṃmi

𑀆𑀭𑀽𑀠𑀸 𑀪𑀸𑀲𑀁𑀢𑁂 𑀚𑀸𑀡𑀲𑀺 𑀓𑀺𑀁 𑀦𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀺𑀉𑀁 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑀁 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽
𑀪𑀡𑀺𑀬𑀁 𑀢𑁂𑀡-𑀯𑀺 𑀚𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀫𑀺 𑀤𑁄-𑀯𑀺 𑀯𑀸𑀏𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀳-𑀬 𑀢𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀛𑁂
ārūḍhā bhāsaṃte jāṇasi kiṃ nacciuṃ tumaṃ sāhū

c. 700 CE, Anonymous, Maṇipati-Carita 863

1959 translation by Robert Hamilton Blair Williams
As they went up they said: 'Do you know how to dance, sadhu?'
He replied: 'I do, you both play for me.’

bhaṇiyaṃ teṇa-vi jāṇāmi do-vi vāĕjjaha-ya tujjhe


जउ

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<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಜಉ</i>

jaü (romanization)
ಜಉ (Kannada)
जउं (nominative singular)
जउ (nominative singular)
जऊइं (nominative plural)
जऊणि (nominative plural)
जऊ (nominative plural)
जउं (accusative singular)
जउ (accusative singular)
जऊइं (accusative plural)
जऊणि (accusative plural)
जऊ (accusative plural)
जउणा (instrumental singular)
जऊहि (instrumental plural)
जऊहिं (instrumental plural)
जऊओ (ablative singular)
जऊउ (ablative singular)
जउणो (genitive singular)
जउस्स (genitive singular)
जऊण (genitive plural)
जऊणं (genitive plural)
जउम्मि (locative singular)
जऊसु (locative plural)
जऊसुं (locative plural)
जउ (singular vocative)
जऊ (singular vocative)
जऊइं (plural vocative)
जऊणि (plural vocative)
जऊ (plural vocative)


𑀈𑀲𑀻𑀲𑀺

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">ईसीसि</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಈಸೀಸಿ</i>

𑀈𑀲𑀻𑀲𑀺 (īsīsi) (Devanagari ईसीसि, Kannada ಈಸೀಸಿ)

īsīsi (romanization)
ईसीसि (Devanagari)
ಈಸೀಸಿ (Kannada)

Inherited from Sanskrit ईषदीषत् (īṣadīṣat, reduplication of ईषत् (īṣat, “a little, slightly”)).

inh

reduplication of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">ईषत्</i> (īṣat, “a little, slightly”)

inh+

𑀈𑀲𑀻𑀲𑀺𑀘𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀩𑀺𑀆𑀇𑀁 𑀪𑀫𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 𑀲𑀼𑀉𑀫𑀸𑀭𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀭𑀲𑀺𑀳𑀸𑀇𑀁


𑀲𑀻𑀳

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">सीह</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">સીહ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಸೀಹ</i>

𑀲𑀻𑀳 (sīha) m (Devanagari सीह, Gujarati સીહ, Kannada ಸೀಹ)

sīha (romanization)
सीह (Devanagari)
સીહ (Gujarati)
ಸೀಹ (Kannada)
𑀲𑀻𑀳𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀲𑀻𑀳𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀲𑀻𑀳𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀲𑀻𑀳𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀲𑀻𑀳𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀲𑀻𑀳𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀲𑀻𑀳𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀲𑀻𑀳𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀲𑀻𑀳𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀲𑀻𑀳𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀲𑀻𑀳𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀻𑀳𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀻𑀳𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀻𑀳𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀻𑀳𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀻𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀲𑀻𑀳𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀲𑀻𑀳𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀲𑀻𑀳𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀲𑀻𑀳𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀲𑀻𑀳𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀲𑀻𑀳𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀲𑀻𑀳 (singular vocative)
𑀲𑀻𑀳𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀲𑀻𑀳𑀸 (plural vocative)
𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀖 (alternative)

Inherited from Sanskrit सिंह (siṃhá, “lion”). Cognate with Magadhi Prakrit 𑀰𑀺𑀁𑀳 (śiṃha), Pali sīha.


𑀲𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">सिक्खइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಸಿಕ್ಖಇ</i>

pra-head

𑀲𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀇 (sikkhaï) (Devanagari सिक्खइ, Kannada ಸಿಕ್ಖಇ) (transitive)

sikkhaï (romanization)
सिक्खइ (Devanagari)
ಸಿಕ್ಖಇ (Kannada)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

Hindi: सीखना (sīkhnā)

desc

Urdu: سِیکھْنَا (sīkhnā)

Urdu: سِیکھْنَا (sīkhnā)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali-Assamese:

Assamese: শিকা (xika)

Bengali: শেখা (śekha)

Sylheti: ꠢꠤꠇꠣ (hika)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: सिक्नु (siknu)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸਿੱਖਣਾ (sikkhaṇā)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: سِکَڻُ (sikhaṇu)

Devanagari script: सिखणु (sikhaṇu)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Konkani:

Devanagari script: शिक्चे (śikce)

Kannada script: ಶಿಕ್ಚೆ (śikce)

Latin script: xikche

Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: सिकणे (sikaṇe), सिखणे (sikhaṇe)

Modi script: 𑘭𑘲𑘎𑘜𑘹 (sīkaṇe), 𑘭𑘲𑘏𑘜𑘹 (sīkhaṇe)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Old Gujarati: सीषइ (sīkhai)

Gujarati: શીખવું (śīkhvũ)

Saurashtra: ꢱꢶꢒ꣄ꢒꢥ꣄ (sikkan)

Romani: siklǒvel, siklǒl, sikavel, siklǎrel

Prakrit verb set
 𑀲𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀇 (sikkhaï)
 𑀲𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀯𑁂𑀇 (sikkhāvei)
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱek-der.
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćíkšati
Sanskrit शिक्ष॑ति (śíkṣati)
Prakrit 𑀲𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀇 (sikkhaï)
Inherited from Sanskrit शिक्ष॑ति (śíkṣati), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćíkšati, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱek-. Cognate with Pali sikkhati.

etymon

𑀯𑀳𑀼𑀯𑀺𑀳𑀯𑀺𑀮𑀸𑀲𑀭𑀲𑀺𑀏 𑀲𑀼𑀭𑀏 𑀫𑀳𑀺𑀮𑀸𑀡 𑀓𑁄 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀑?
𑀲𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀇 𑀅𑀲𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀆𑀇-𑀯𑀺 𑀲𑀯𑁆𑀯𑁄 𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀸𑀡𑀼𑀯𑀁𑀥𑁂𑀡
vahuvihavilāsarasie surae mahilāṇa ko uvajjhāo?

c. 200 CE – 600 CE, Hāla, Gāhā Sattasaī 477

2009 translation by Peter Khoroche and Herman Tieken
In lovemaking, with its manifold and intricate delights, Who is there to instruct women?
One can learn anything simply by being shown some affection.

sikkhaï asikkhiāi-vi savvo ṇehāṇuvaṃdheṇa

𑀅𑀦𑁆𑀦𑀬𑀸 𑀕𑀼𑀭𑀼-𑀚𑀡𑀸-𑀡𑀼𑀦𑁆𑀦𑀸𑀢𑁄 𑀲𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥-𑀯𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁄 𑀲𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸-𑀤𑀁𑀲𑀡𑀁 𑀓𑀸𑀉𑀁 𑀭𑀸𑀬-𑀓𑀼𑀮𑀁 𑀕𑀢𑁄
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀣-𑀬 𑀅𑀲𑀺-𑀔𑁂𑀟𑀬-𑀕𑀳𑀡𑁆-𑀆𑀇𑀬𑀁 𑀚𑀳𑀸-𑀲𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀬𑀁 𑀲𑀯𑁆𑀯𑀁 𑀤𑀸𑀇𑀬𑀁
annayā guru-jaṇā-ṇunnāto siddha-vijjo sikkhā-daṃsaṇaṃ kāuṃ rāya-kulaṃ gato

c. 1122 – 1123, Devendra, Uttarādhyayana-Vṛtti X. a. Agaladatta, page 67, lines 3 – 5

When he had mastered the sciences he went one day with the permission of his teacher to the court of the king in order to show his proficiency
And there he exhibited everything just as he had been taught, how to hold the sword and the shield, and other acquirements.

tattha-ya asi-kheḍaya-gahaṇ-āiyaṃ jahā-sikkhiyaṃ savvaṃ dāiyaṃ


𑀭𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">रिच्छ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ರಿಚ್ಛ</i>

𑀭𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙 (riccha) m (Devanagari रिच्छ, Kannada ರಿಚ್ಛ)

riccha (romanization)
रिच्छ (Devanagari)
ರಿಚ್ಛ (Kannada)
𑀭𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀭𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀭𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀭𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀭𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀭𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀭𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀭𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀭𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀭𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀭𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀭𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀭𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀭𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀭𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀭𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀭𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀭𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀭𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀭𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀭𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀭𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀭𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙 (singular vocative)
𑀭𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀭𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀸 (plural vocative)
𑀅𑀘𑁆𑀙 (alternative)
𑀭𑀺𑀁𑀙 (alternative)
𑀭𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔 (alternative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

Hindi: रीछ (rīch)

Urdu: ریچھ (rech)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Pahari-Potwari: رِچّھ (ricch)

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਰਿੱਛ (riccha)

Shahmukhi script: رِچّھ (ricch)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: رِڇُ (richu)

Devanagari script: रिछु (richu)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: रिहस (rihasa)

Modi script: 𑘨𑘱𑘮𑘭 (rihasa)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: રીંછ (rī̃ch)

⇒ Romani: hirč

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hŕ̥ćšas
Sanskrit ऋक्ष (ṛkṣa)
Prakrit 𑀭𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙 (riccha)
Inherited from Sanskrit ऋक्ष (ṛkṣa), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hŕ̥ćšas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos. Cognate with Pali accha.

etymon

hi:सुभद्र झा


𑀓𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">कुज्झइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಕುಜ್ಝಇ</i>

𑀓𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀇 (kujjhaï) (Devanagari कुज्झइ, Kannada ಕುಜ್ಝಇ)

kujjhaï (romanization)
कुज्झइ (Devanagari)
ಕುಜ್ಝಇ (Kannada)

From Sanskrit क्रुध्यति (krudhyati), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *krawdʰ-. Cognate with Pali kujjhati.


𑀤𑀺𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀇

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">दिस्सइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ದಿಸ್ಸಇ</i>

pra-head

𑀤𑀺𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀇 (dissaï) (Devanagari दिस्सइ, Kannada ದಿಸ್ಸಇ) (intransitive)

dissaï (romanization)
दिस्सइ (Devanagari)
ದಿಸ್ಸಇ (Kannada)
𑀤𑀻𑀲𑀇 (alternative)

Old Punjabi: ਦਿਸਿ (dissi)

Punjabi: ਦਿੱਸਣਾ (dissaṇā)

Punjabi: دِسّݨا (dissṇā)

Konkani: दिस्चे (disce)

Old Marathi: 𑘟𑘱𑘭𑘜𑘹 (disaṇe)

Marathi: दिसणे (disṇe)

Inherited from Sanskrit दृश्यते (dṛśyate, “is seen; appears”). Cognate with Pali dissati.


𑀧𑀁𑀟𑀺𑀅

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">पंडिअ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಪಂಡಿಅ</i>

𑀧𑀁𑀟𑀺𑀅 (paṃḍia) m (Devanagari पंडिअ, Kannada ಪಂಡಿಅ)

paṃḍia (romanization)
पंडिअ (Devanagari)
ಪಂಡಿಅ (Kannada)


𑀲𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀇

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">सिज्जइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಸಿಜ್ಜಇ</i>

𑀲𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀇 (sijjaï) (Devanagari सिज्जइ, Kannada ಸಿಜ್ಜಇ)

sijjaï (romanization)
सिज्जइ (Devanagari)
ಸಿಜ್ಜಇ (Kannada)

From Sanskrit स्विद्यति (svidyati), from Proto-Indo-European *sweyd- (“to sweat”). Cognate with Pali sijjati.


𑀮𑀇𑀆

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">लइआ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಲಇಆ</i>

𑀮𑀇𑀆 (laïā) f (Devanagari लइआ, Kannada ಲಇಆ)

laïā (romanization)
लइआ (Devanagari)
ಲಇಆ (Kannada)
𑀮𑀇𑀆 (nominative singular)
𑀮𑀇𑀆𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀮𑀇𑀆𑀉 (nominative plural)
𑀮𑀇𑀆 (nominative plural)
𑀮𑀇𑀅𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀮𑀇𑀆𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀮𑀇𑀆𑀉 (accusative plural)
𑀮𑀇𑀆 (accusative plural)
𑀮𑀇𑀆𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀮𑀇𑀆𑀇 (instrumental singular)
𑀮𑀇𑀆𑀅 (instrumental singular)
𑀮𑀇𑀆𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀮𑀇𑀆𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀮𑀇𑀆𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀮𑀇𑀆𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀮𑀇𑀆𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀮𑀇𑀆𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀮𑀇𑀆𑀇 (genitive singular)
𑀮𑀇𑀆𑀅 (genitive singular)
𑀮𑀇𑀆𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀮𑀇𑀆𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀮𑀇𑀆𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀮𑀇𑀆𑀇 (locative singular)
𑀮𑀇𑀆𑀅 (locative singular)
𑀮𑀇𑀆𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀮𑀇𑀆𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀮𑀇𑀏 (singular vocative)
𑀮𑀇𑀆 (singular vocative)
𑀮𑀇𑀆𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀮𑀇𑀆𑀉 (plural vocative)
𑀮𑀇𑀆 (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit लतिका (latikā) with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀇𑀓𑀸- (-ikā-). Related to 𑀮𑀆 (laā).


𑀚𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁄𑀯𑀯𑀻𑀅

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">जण्णोववीअ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಜಣ್ಣೋವವೀಅ</i>

𑀚𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁄𑀯𑀯𑀻𑀅 (jaṇṇovavīa) n (Devanagari जण्णोववीअ, Kannada ಜಣ್ಣೋವವೀಅ)

jaṇṇovavīa (romanization)
जण्णोववीअ (Devanagari)
ಜಣ್ಣೋವವೀಅ (Kannada)
𑀚𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁄𑀯𑀯𑀻𑀅𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀚𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁄𑀯𑀯𑀻𑀆𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀚𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁄𑀯𑀯𑀻𑀆𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀚𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁄𑀯𑀯𑀻𑀅𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀚𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁄𑀯𑀯𑀻𑀆𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀚𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁄𑀯𑀯𑀻𑀆𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀚𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁄𑀯𑀯𑀻𑀏𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀚𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁄𑀯𑀯𑀻𑀏𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀚𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁄𑀯𑀯𑀻𑀏𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀚𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁄𑀯𑀯𑀻𑀏𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀚𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁄𑀯𑀯𑀻𑀆𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀚𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁄𑀯𑀯𑀻𑀆𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀚𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁄𑀯𑀯𑀻𑀆𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀚𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁄𑀯𑀯𑀻𑀆 (ablative singular)
𑀚𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁄𑀯𑀯𑀻𑀆𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀚𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁄𑀯𑀯𑀻𑀆𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀚𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁄𑀯𑀯𑀻𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀚𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁄𑀯𑀯𑀻𑀆𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀚𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁄𑀯𑀯𑀻𑀆𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀚𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁄𑀯𑀯𑀻𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀚𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁄𑀯𑀯𑀻𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀚𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁄𑀯𑀯𑀻𑀏𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀚𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁄𑀯𑀯𑀻𑀏𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀚𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁄𑀯𑀯𑀻𑀅 (singular vocative)
𑀚𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁄𑀯𑀯𑀻𑀆 (singular vocative)
𑀚𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁄𑀯𑀯𑀻𑀆𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀚𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁄𑀯𑀯𑀻𑀆𑀇 (plural vocative)
𑀚𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁄𑀯𑀈𑀅 (alternative)
𑀚𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁄𑀯𑀯𑀻𑀬 (alternative)
𑀚𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁄𑀯𑀻𑀅 (alternative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: જનોઈ (janoī)

Hindustani:

Hindi: जनेऊ (janeū)
→ English: janeu

Urdu: جَنیئُو (janeū)

Marwari: जिनेऊ (jineū), जीनोई (jīnoī)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Maithili: janēu

Devanagari script: जनेउ

Tirhuta script: 𑒖𑒢𑒹𑒅

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: जनै (janai)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

desctree

Old Punjabi: ਜਨੇਊ (janeū)
Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਜੰਞੂ (jãñū)
Shahmukhi script: جَننجو (jannjo)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: جَڻْيو, جنوئـي

Devanagari script: जण्यो, जनोई

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Konkani: jānvẽ

Devanagari script: जान्वें

Kannada script: ಜಾನ್ವೆಂ

Latin script: zanvem

Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: जाणिवें (jāṇiveṃ), जानिवें (jāniveṃ)

Modi script: 𑘕𑘰𑘜𑘲𑘪𑘹𑘽 (jāṇīveṃ), 𑘕𑘰𑘡𑘲𑘪𑘹𑘽 (jānīveṃ)

desc

→ Old Kannada: ಜನ್ನವಿರ (jannavira), ಜನ್ನವರ (jannavara)

Kannada: ಜನಿವಾರ (janivāra), ಜನಿಬಾರ (janibāra), ಜನ್ನಿವಾರ (jannivāra), ಜೆನಿವಾರ (jenivāra)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁yaǵ-
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hyaȷ́nás
Sanskrit यज्ञ (yajña)
Sanskrit उपव्ये (upavye)
Sanskrit -इत (-ita)
Sanskrit उपवीत (upavīta)
Sanskrit यज्ञोपवीत (yajñopavīta)
Prakrit 𑀚𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁄𑀯𑀯𑀻𑀅 (jaṇṇovavīa)
Inherited from Sanskrit यज्ञोपवीत (yajñopavītá).

inh+

(Hinduism) janeu (sacred thread worn by Hindu men)


𑀢𑁂𑀅𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">तेअइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ತೇಅಇ</i>

𑀢𑁂𑀅𑀇 (teaï) (Devanagari तेअइ, Kannada ತೇಅಇ)

teaï (romanization)
तेअइ (Devanagari)
ತೇಅಇ (Kannada)

From Sanskrit तेजते (tejate), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyǵ- (“to sharpen; to be sharp”).


𑀫𑀉

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">मउ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಮಉ</i>

maü (romanization)
मउ (Devanagari)
ಮಉ (Kannada)

Old Marathi: मौ (mau)

Marathi: मऊ (maū)

Konkani: मोव (mov), मव (mav)

Inherited from Sanskrit मृदु (mṛdu), from Proto-Indo-European *(h₂)ml̥dus (“soft”).


𑀅𑀚𑁆𑀚

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">अज्ज</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಅಜ್ಜ</i>

𑀅𑀚𑁆𑀚 (ajja) (Devanagari अज्ज, Kannada ಅಜ್ಜ)

ajja (romanization)
अज्ज (Devanagari)
ಅಜ್ಜ (Kannada)

Konkani:

Devanagari script: आयज (āyaj)

Kannada script: ಅಯಜ (āyaj)

Latin script: aiz

Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: आजि (āji), आजिं (ājiṃ)

Modi script: 𑘁𑘕𑘲 (ājī), 𑘁𑘕𑘲𑘽 (ājīṃ)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁e
Proto-Indo-European *déy-s ~ dy-és
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hadyás
Sanskrit अद्य (adya)
Ashokan Prakrit 𑀅𑀚 (aja)
Prakrit 𑀅𑀚𑁆𑀚 (ajja)
Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀅𑀚 (aja /ajja/), from Sanskrit अद्य (adyá), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hadyás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hadyás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁e-dy-és. Cognate with Magadhi Prakrit 𑀅𑀬𑁆𑀬 (ayya), Pali ajjā.

inh+

𑀅𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀁 𑀕𑀑-𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺 𑀅𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀁 𑀕𑀑-𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺 𑀅𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀁 𑀕𑀑-𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺 𑀕𑀡𑀺𑀭𑀻𑀏
𑀧𑀠𑀫-𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀺𑀅 𑀤𑀺𑀅𑀳𑀤𑁆𑀥𑁂 𑀓𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁄 𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀸𑀳𑀺 𑀘𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀮𑀺𑀑
ajjaṃ gao-tti ajjaṃ gao-tti ajjaṃ gao-tti gaṇirīe

c. 200 CE – 600 CE, Hāla, Gāhā Sattasaī 208

2009 translation by Peter Khoroche and Herman Tieken
‘Today he has left’. ‘Today he has left’. ‘Today he has left’.
Already on the very first morning, she covered the whole wall with lines.

paḍhama-ccia diahaddhe kuḍḍo rehāhi cittalio


𑀖𑀟𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">घडइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಘಡಇ</i>

pra-head

𑀖𑀟𑀇 (ghaḍaï) (Devanagari घडइ, Kannada ಘಡಇ) (intransitive)

ghaḍaï (romanization)
घडइ (Devanagari)
ಘಡಇ (Kannada)
𑀖𑀠𑀇 (alternative)

Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: घटणे (ghaṭaṇe), घडणे (ghaḍaṇe)

Modi script: 𑘑𑘘𑘜𑘹 (ghaṭaṇe), 𑘑𑘚𑘜𑘹 (ghaḍaṇe)

From Sanskrit घट् (ghaṭ). Cognate with Pali ghaṭati.


𑀩𑁄𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀇

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">बोल्लइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಬೊಲ್ಲಇ</i>

pra-head

𑀩𑁄𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀇 (bŏllaï) (Devanagari बोल्लइ, Kannada ಬೊಲ್ಲಇ) (intransitive)

bŏllaï (romanization)
बोल्लइ (Devanagari)
ಬೊಲ್ಲಇ (Kannada)
𑀩𑁄𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀤𑀺 (alternative)
𑀩𑀼𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀇 (alternative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Awadhi: बोलब (bolab)

Hindustani: bolnā

Hindi: बोलना

desc

Urdu: بولْنَا

Urdu: بولْنَا

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali-Assamese:

Assamese: বোল (bül)

Bengali: বলা (bola)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: बोलल (bōlal)

Magahi: बोलल (bōlal)

Odia: ବୋଲିବା (bolibā)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: बोल्नु (bolnu)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi: bolṇā

Gurmukhi script: ਬੋਲਣਾ

Shahmukhi script: بولݨا

Sindhi: ḇolaṇu

Arabic script: ٻولَڻُ

Devanagari script: ॿोलणु

Khudabadi script: 𑋕𑋧𑋚𑋌𑋣

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Old Marathi: bolaṇe

Devanagari script: बोलणे

Modi script: 𑘤𑘻𑘩𑘜𑘹

Western Indo-Aryan:

desctree

Old Gujarati: बोलिवउं (bolivaüṃ)
Middle Gujarati: बोलिवुं
Gujarati: બોલવું (bolvũ)
Rajasthani:
Dhundhari: बोलबो (bolbo)
Gojri: بولْنو (bolno)
Malvi: बोलणो (bolṇo)
Marwari:
Devanagari script: बोलणौ (bolṇau)
Mahajani script: 𑅪𑅔𑅮𑅢𑅒 (bolṇu /bolṇau/)
Mewari: बोलणो (bolṇo)
Mewati: ब्योलणो (byolṇo)
Wagdi: बोलवु

⇒ Sanskrit: बोल्लक (bollaka)

Uncertain. A connection to 𑀩𑁆𑀭𑀼𑀬𑀢𑁂 (bruyate, “speaks”) via metathesis (brūyate > *bū̆ryate/*bū̆lyate > bullaï) is semantically appealing. Late Sanskrit 𑀩𑁄𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀓 (bollaka, “speaker”) is likely a borrowing from Prakrit.


𑀯𑀸𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">वाइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ವಾಇ</i>

vāi (romanization)
वाइ (Devanagari)
ವಾಇ (Kannada)

From Sanskrit वाति (vā́ti), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hwā́ti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wḗh₁ti. Cognate to Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀯𑀸𑀤𑀺 (vādi), Pali vāyati.


𑀲𑀼𑀡𑀇

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">सुणइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಸುಣಇ</i>

pra-head

𑀲𑀼𑀡𑀇 (suṇaï) (Devanagari सुणइ, Kannada ಸುಣಇ) (transitive)

suṇaï (romanization)
सुणइ (Devanagari)
ಸುಣಇ (Kannada)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁂𑀤𑀺 (alternative)
𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁂𑀇 (alternative)
𑀰𑀼𑀡𑁂𑀤𑀺 (alternative)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Assamese: শুন (xun)

Bengali: শোনা (śōna), হুনা (huna)

Odia: ଶୁଣିବା (śuṇibā)

Sylheti: ꠢꠥꠘꠣ (huna)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: सुन्नु (sunnu)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi: ਸੁਣਨਾ / سُننا (suṇnā)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Old Gujarati: सुणइ (suṇaï)

Gujarati: સુણવું (suṇvũ)

Romani: śunel (see there for further descendants)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani: sunnā

Hindi: सुनना

Urdu: سننا

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew-
Proto-Indo-European *-né-
Proto-Indo-European *ḱl̥néwti
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćr̥náwti
Sanskrit शृणोति (śṛṇoti)
Prakrit 𑀲𑀼𑀡𑀇 (suṇaï)
Inherited from Sanskrit शृणोति (śṛṇóti) where irregular ṛ > u when not preceded by a labial consonant is probably due to influence from the past participle 𑀲𑀼𑀅 (sua, “heard”) < Sanskrit श्रुत (śruta). Cognate with Pali suṇāti.


𑀤𑀳𑀺

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">दहि</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">દહિ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ದಹಿ</i>

𑀤𑀳𑀺 (dahi) n (Devanagari दहि, Gujarati દહિ, Kannada ದಹಿ)

tlb

(attested in Ardhamāgadhī, Jain Māhārāṣṭrī, Māhārāṣṭrī, Māgadhī, Śaurasenī)

dahi (romanization)
दहि (Devanagari)
દહિ (Gujarati)
ದಹಿ (Kannada)
𑀤𑀳𑀺𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀤𑀳𑀺 (nominative singular)
𑀤𑀳𑀻𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀤𑀳𑀻𑀡𑀺 (nominative plural)
𑀤𑀳𑀻 (nominative plural)
𑀤𑀳𑀺𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀤𑀳𑀺 (accusative singular)
𑀤𑀳𑀻𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀤𑀳𑀻𑀡𑀺 (accusative plural)
𑀤𑀳𑀻 (accusative plural)
𑀤𑀳𑀺𑀡𑀸 (instrumental singular)
𑀤𑀳𑀻𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀤𑀳𑀻𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀤𑀳𑀻𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀳𑀻𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀳𑀺𑀡𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀳𑀻𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀳𑀺𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀤𑀳𑀺𑀡𑁄 (genitive singular)
𑀤𑀳𑀻𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀤𑀳𑀻𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀤𑀳𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀤𑀳𑀻𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀤𑀳𑀻𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀤𑀳𑀺 (singular vocative)
𑀤𑀳𑀻 (singular vocative)
𑀤𑀳𑀻𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀤𑀳𑀻𑀡𑀺 (plural vocative)
𑀤𑀳𑀻 (plural vocative)
𑀤𑀥𑀺 (alternative)

Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀤𑀥𑀺 (dádhi). Cognate with Pali dadhi.

𑀆𑀕𑀸𑀲-𑀪𑀽𑀫𑀺-𑀪𑀁𑀟𑁄𑀬𑀭𑀁𑀫𑀺 𑀚𑁄𑀦𑁆𑀳𑀸-𑀤𑀳𑀻𑀏 𑀫𑀳𑀡𑁂𑀡
𑀧𑀼𑀦𑁆𑀦𑀺𑀫-𑀕𑁄𑀬𑀸𑀮𑀺𑀡𑀻𑀏 𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀡-𑀧𑀺𑀁𑀟𑁄-𑀯𑁆𑀯 𑀭𑀸𑀬𑀡𑀺𑀬𑀭𑁄
āgāsa-bhūmi-bhaṃḍoyaraṃmi jŏnhā-dahīe mahaṇeṇa

c. 700 CE, Anonymous, Maṇipati-Carita 611

1959 translation by Robert Hamilton Blair Williams
The moon was like a lump of butter within the container of the firmament and the earth,
butter produced by the churning of the curds of the moonlight by the dairymaid that is the full moon.


𑀪𑀡𑀇

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">भणइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಭಣಇ</i>

pra-head

𑀪𑀡𑀇 (bhaṇaï) (Devanagari भणइ, Kannada ಭಣಇ) (transitive)

bhaṇaï (romanization)
भणइ (Devanagari)
ಭಣಇ (Kannada)

Konkani: म्हण्चे (mhaṇce)

desc

Old Marathi: 𑘥𑘜𑘜𑘹 (bhaṇaṇe), 𑘦𑘿𑘮𑘜𑘜𑘹 (mhaṇaṇe)

Marathi: म्हणणे (mhaṇṇe)

Inherited from Sanskrit भनति (bhánati). Cognate to Pali bhaṇati.


𑀩𑀻𑀅

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">बीअ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಬೀಅ</i>

𑀩𑀻𑀅 (bīa) n (Devanagari बीअ, Kannada ಬೀಅ)

bīa (romanization)
बीअ (Devanagari)
ಬೀಅ (Kannada)
𑀩𑀻𑀅𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀩𑀻𑀆𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀩𑀻𑀆𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀩𑀻𑀅𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀩𑀻𑀆𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀩𑀻𑀆𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀩𑀻𑀏𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀩𑀻𑀏𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀩𑀻𑀏𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀩𑀻𑀏𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀩𑀻𑀆𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀩𑀻𑀆𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀩𑀻𑀆𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀩𑀻𑀆 (ablative singular)
𑀩𑀻𑀆𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀩𑀻𑀆𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀩𑀻𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀩𑀻𑀆𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀩𑀻𑀆𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀩𑀻𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀩𑀻𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀩𑀻𑀏𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀩𑀻𑀏𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀩𑀻𑀅 (singular vocative)
𑀩𑀻𑀆 (singular vocative)
𑀩𑀻𑀆𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀩𑀻𑀆𑀇 (plural vocative)

Konkani: bī

Devanagari script: बी

Kannada script: ಬೀ

Latin script: bim

Old Marathi: bīṃ

Devanagari script: बीं

Modi script: 𑘤𑘲𑘽

→ Tamil: வீயம் (vīyam)

From Sanskrit बीज (bīja), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bíHȷ́am.


𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">कुम्म</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">કુમ્મ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಕುಮ್ಮ</i>

𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫 (kumma) m (Devanagari कुम्म, Gujarati કુમ્મ, Kannada ಕುಮ್ಮ, feminine 𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀻)

kumma (romanization)
कुम्म (Devanagari)
કુમ્મ (Gujarati)
ಕುಮ್ಮ (Kannada)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫 𑀻 (feminine)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫 (singular vocative)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸 (plural vocative)

Sindhi: कुम्मी (kummē)

Inherited from Sanskrit कूर्म (kūrmá). Cognate with Pali kumma.


𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀇

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">रक्खइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ರಕ್ಖಇ</i>

pra-head

𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀇 (rakkhaï) (Devanagari रक्खइ, Kannada ರಕ್ಖಇ) (transitive)

rakkhaï (romanization)
रक्खइ (Devanagari)
ರಕ್ಖಇ (Kannada)

Apabhramsa: 𑖨𑖎𑖿𑖏𑖂 (rakkhaï)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Old Hindi: रषना (raṣanā /rakhanā/)

Hindustani: rakhnā

Hindi: रखना

desc

Urdu: رَکْھنَا

Urdu: رَکْھنَا

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali-Assamese:

Assamese: ৰখা (rokha), ৰাখা (rakha)

Middle Bengali: রাখ (rakh)

Bengali: রাখা (rakha)

Sylheti: ꠞꠣꠈꠣ (raxá)

Bihari:

Magahi: 𑂩𑂰𑂎𑂪 (rākhal)

Maithili: rākhab

Devanagari script: राखब

Tirhuta script: 𑒩𑒰𑒐𑒥

Odia: ରଖିବା (rakhibā)

Insular Indo-Aryan:

Sinhalese: රකිනවා (rakinawā)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: राख्नु (rākhnu)

Western Pahari:

Dogri: rakkhanā

Devanagari script: रक्खना

Dogra script: 𑠤𑠊𑠹𑠋𑠝𑠬

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Old Punjabi: ਰਖਿ (rakhi /rakkhi/), ਰਾਖਿ (rākhi)

Punjabi: rakkhaṇā

Gurmukhi script: ਰੱਖਣਾ

Shahmukhi script: رَکّھݨا

Saraiki:

Devanagari script: रखण (rakhaṇ)

Shahmukhi script: رَکَھݨ (rakhaṇ)

Multani script: 𑊢𑊅𑊕 (rkhṇ /rakhaṇ/)

Sindhi: rakhaṇu

Arabic script: رَکَڻُ

Devanagari script: रखणु

Khudabadi script: 𑋙𑊻𑋌𑋣

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Konkani:

Devanagari script: राख्चे (rākhce)

Latin script: rakhche

Kannada script: ರಾಕ್ಚೆ

Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: राकणे (rākaṇe), राखणे (rākhaṇe)

desctree

Modi script: 𑘨𑘰𑘏𑘜𑘹 (rākhaṇe), 𑘨𑘰𑘎𑘜𑘹 (rākaṇe)
Marathi: rākhṇe
Devanagari script: राखणे
Modi script: 𑘨𑘰𑘏𑘜𑘹
Varhadi: rākhna
Devanagari script: राखनं
Modi script: 𑘨𑘰𑘏𑘡𑘽

Western Indo-Aryan:

Old Gujarati: राषिवउं (rāṣivaüṃ /rākhivaüṃ/)
Middle Gujarati: राखिवुं (rākhivũ)
Gujarati: રાખવું (rākhvũ)
Rajasthani:
Gojri: رَکْھنو (rakhno)
Malvi: राखणो (rākhṇo)
Marwari:
Devanagari script: राखणौ (rākhṇau)
Mahajani script: 𑅭𑅖𑅢𑅒 (rkhṇu /rākhṇau/)
Mewati: राखणो (rākhṇo)

Romani: rakhel, arakhel

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂lek-
Proto-Indo-European *-seti
Proto-Indo-European *h₂lékseti
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrákšati
Sanskrit रक्ष॑ति (rákṣati)
Prakrit 𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀇 (rakkhaï)
Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀱𑀢𑀺 (rákṣati). Cognate to Pali rakkhati.

ref

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “rákṣati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 611: “Pk. rakkhaï”

𑀅𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀇𑀫𑀸𑀡𑀺𑀡𑁄 𑀤𑀼𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 𑀙𑀸𑀇𑀁 𑀧𑀇𑀲𑁆𑀲 𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀁𑀢𑀻
𑀡𑀺𑀅𑀯𑀁𑀥𑀯𑀸𑀡 𑀚𑀽𑀭𑀇 𑀖𑀭𑀺𑀡𑀻 𑀯𑀺𑀳𑀯𑁂𑀡 𑀏𑀁𑀢𑀸𑀡𑀁
ahiāimāṇiṇo duggaassa chāiṃ païssa rakkhaṃtī

2009 translation by Peter Khoroche and Herman Tieken
Protecting the self-image of her husband, who is poor but proud of his breeding,
The wife scorns her own relatives as they arrive with rich presents.

ṇiavaṃdhavāṇa jūraï ghariṇī vihaveṇa eṃtāṇaṃ

hi:सुभद्र झा


𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">कप्पड</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಕಪ್ಪಡ</i>

𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟 (kappaḍa) m (Devanagari कप्पड, Kannada ಕಪ್ಪಡ)

kappaḍa (romanization)
कप्पड (Devanagari)
ಕಪ್ಪಡ (Kannada)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟 (singular vocative)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟𑀸 (plural vocative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

Hindi: कपड़ा (kapṛā)

Urdu: کَپْڑا (kapṛā)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Early Assamese: কাপোড় (kapöṛo)

desc

Assamese: কাপোৰ (kapür), কাপৰ (kapor), কাপুৰ (kapur) — Kamrupi

Bengali: কাপড় (kapoṛ)

Chakma: 𑄇𑄝𑄧𑄢𑄴 (kābar)

Odia: କାଁପଡ଼ା (kā̃paṛā)

Odia: କାଁପଡ଼ା (kā̃paṛā)

Sylheti: ꠇꠣꠙꠠ (xafoṛo), ꠇꠣꠙꠞ (xafor)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Kachchi: કપડ઼ો (kapṛo)

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਕੱਪੜਾ (kappaṛā)

Shahmukhi script: کَپّڑا (kappṛā)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: ڪَپَڙُ (kapaṛu)

Devanagari script: कपड़ु (kapaṛu)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Konkani:

Devanagari script: कपडो (kapḍo)

Kannada script: ಕಪ್ಡೊ (kapḍo)

Latin script: kopddo

Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: कापड (kāpaḍa)

Modi script: 𑘎𑘰𑘢𑘚 (kāpaḍa)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: કપડું (kapḍũ), કપડ (kapaḍ), કાપડ (kāpaḍ)

Marwari: कपड़ो (kapṛo)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit कद्- (kad-)?
Proto-Indo-European *pel-der.?
Sanskrit पट (paṭa)?
Sanskrit कर्पट (karpaṭa)
Prakrit 𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟 (kappaḍa)
Inherited from Sanskrit कर्पट (karpaṭa).


𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">मंजार</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಮಂಜಾರ</i>

𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭 (maṃjāra) m (Devanagari मंजार, Kannada ಮಂಜಾರ)

maṃjāra (romanization)
मंजार (Devanagari)
ಮಂಜಾರ (Kannada)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭𑀸 (plural vocative)
𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀭 (alternative)
𑀫𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸𑀭 (alternative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

Hindi: मँजार (mañjār)

Urdu: مَنْجَار (manjār)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

desc

ମଞ୍ଜାରୀ<der>

Odia: ⇒ ମଞ୍ଜାରୀ (mañjāri)

Insular Indo-Aryan:

මැදිරියා<der>

Sinhalese: ⇒ මැදිරියා (mædiriyā)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Old Punjabi: ਮੰਜਾਰੁ (maṃjāru)

Punjabi: ਮਾਂਜਾਰ (māñjār)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Konkani: māj̈ar

Devanagari script: माज़र

Kannada script: ಮಾಜ಼ರ್

Latin script: mazor

Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: मांजिर (māṃjira)

Modi script: 𑘦𑘰𑘽𑘕𑘲𑘨 (māṃjīra)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Middle Gujarati: मंजार, ⇒ मंजारि, ⇒ मंजारी

Gujarati: મંજાર (mañjār), ⇒ મંજારી (mañjārī)

Marwari: ⇒

Devanagari script: मंजारी (mañjārī), मांजरौ (māñjrau)

Mahajani script: 𑅬𑅧𑅛𑅭𑅑 (mnjri), 𑅬𑅧𑅛𑅭𑅒 (mnjru)

ꢪꢛ꣄ꢙꢶꢬꢶ<der>

Saurashtra: ⇒ ꢪꢛ꣄ꢙꢶꢬꢶ (mañjiri)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₃merǵ-
Sanskrit मृज् (mṛj)?
Sanskrit मा॒र्जा॒र (mārjārá)
Prakrit 𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭 (maṃjāra)
Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀫𑀸𑀭𑁆𑀚𑀸𑀭 (mārjārá). Cognate with Pali majjāra.

etymon

sa>मा॒र्जा॒र>cat

inh+

𑀫𑀸𑀭𑁆𑀚𑀸𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀬 𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀭-𑀯𑀁𑀚𑀭𑁅 𑁈𑁧𑁩𑁨𑁈
𑀫𑀸𑀭𑁆𑀚𑀸𑀭𑀰𑀩𑁆𑀤𑀲𑁆𑀬 𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀭 𑀯𑀁𑀚𑀭 𑀇𑀢𑁆𑀬𑀸𑀤𑁂𑀰𑁅 𑀯𑀸 𑀪𑀯𑀢𑀂𑁇 𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀭𑁄 𑀯𑀁𑀚𑀭𑁄𑁇 𑀧𑀓𑁆𑀱𑁂 𑀫𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸𑀭𑁄𑁇
mārjārasya maṃjara-vaṃjarau .132.

c. 1088 – 1173, Hemachandra, Siddha-Hema-Śabdanuśāśana Chapter 8 2, 132

mārjāraśabdasya maṃjara vaṃjara ityādeśau vā bhavataḥ. maṃjaro vaṃjaro. pakṣe majjāro.


𑀓𑀳𑁂𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">कहेइ</i>

pra-head

𑀓𑀳𑁂𑀇 (kahei) (Devanagari कहेइ) (transitive)

desc

Old Marathi: 𑘎𑘮𑘜𑘹 (kahaṇe), 𑘎𑘞𑘜𑘹 (kathaṇe)

𑀓𑀥𑁂𑀤𑀺 𑀓𑀥𑁂𑀤𑀺#Prakrit

Maharastri variant of 𑀓𑀥𑁂𑀤𑀺 (kadhedi, “to say, tell, narrate”)


𑀧𑀼𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">पुच्छइ</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">પુચ્છઇ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಪುಚ್ಛಇ</i>

pra-head

𑀧𑀼𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀇 (pucchaï) (Devanagari पुच्छइ, Gujarati પુચ્છઇ, Kannada ಪುಚ್ಛಇ) (transitive)

pucchaï (romanization)
पुच्छइ (Devanagari)
પુચ્છઇ (Gujarati)
ಪುಚ್ಛಇ (Kannada)
𑀧𑀼𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀤𑀺 (alternative)

Khasa Prakrit:

Central Pahari:

Kumaoni: पूछ्णो (pūchṇo)

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: पुछ्नु (puchnu)

Western Pahari:

Bhadrawahi: पुच्छ्णू (pucchṇū)

Churahi: पुच्छ्णा (pucchṇā)

Pangwali: पुच्छ्णा (pucchṇā)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: পোঁছ (pü̃s)

Bengali: পুছা (pucha)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: पुछल (puchal)

Maithili: पूछब (pūchab)

Odia: ପୁଛିବା (puchibā)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Old Marathi: pusaṇe

Devanagari script: पुसणे

Modi script: 𑘢𑘳𑘭𑘜𑘹

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: pucchṇā

Gurmukhi script: ਪੁੱਛਣਾ

Shahmukhi script: پچھنا

Sindhi: puchaṇu

Arabic script: پُڇَڻُ

Devanagari script: पुछणु

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀤𑀺 (pucchadi)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:

Awadhi: पूछब (pūchab)

Gurjara Apabhramsa:

Old Gujarati: पूछिवउं (pūchivaũ)

Old Gujarati: प्रीछइ (prīchaï)

Gujarati: પ્રિછવું (prichvũ)

Sauraseni Apabhramsa:

Hindustani:

Hindi: पूछना (pūchnā)

Urdu: پوچھنا (pūchnā)

Romani: pućhel

Caló: puchar

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *preḱ-
Proto-Indo-European *-sḱéti
Proto-Indo-European *pr̥sḱéti
Proto-Indo-Iranian *pr̥šćáti
Sanskrit पृच्छति (pṛcchati)
Prakrit 𑀧𑀼𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀇 (pucchaï)
Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀧𑀾𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀢𑀺 (pṛccháti). Cognate to Pali 𑀧𑀼𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀢𑀺 (pucchati).


𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">गहीर</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಗಹೀರ</i>

𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭 (gahīra) (Devanagari गहीर, Kannada ಗಹೀರ)

tlb

(attested in Jain Māhārāṣṭrī, Māhārāṣṭrī)

gahīra (romanization)
गहीर (Devanagari)
ಗಹೀರ (Kannada)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭 (singular vocative)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸 (plural vocative)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸 (nominative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀉 (nominative plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀉 (accusative plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀇 (instrumental singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀅 (instrumental singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀇 (genitive singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀅 (genitive singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀇 (locative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀅 (locative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑁂 (singular vocative)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀉 (plural vocative)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸 (plural vocative)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭 (singular vocative)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀕𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)
𑀕𑀳𑀺𑀭 (alternative)

Middle Bengali: গহীন (gohin)

Bengali: গহীন (gohin)

Gurjara Apabhramsa:

Gujarati: ઘેરું (gherũ)

Marwari: गहर (gahar)

Maithili: gahī̃ra

Devanagari script: गहींर

Tirhuta script: 𑒑𑒯𑒲𑓀𑒩

Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: गहिर (gahira)

Modi script: 𑘐𑘮𑘲𑘨 (gahīra)

Nepali: गहिरो (gahiro)

Odia: ଗହିର (gahira), ଗଇର (gaira)

desctree

Old Punjabi: ਗਹਿਰੁ (gahiru), ਗਹਰਾ (gaharā), ਗਹੀਰੁ (gahīru)
Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਗਹਿਰਾ (gahirā)
Shahmukhi script: گہرا (ghrā)

Sauraseni Apabhramsa:

Old Hindi: गहर (gahara)
Braj: गहिरौ (gahirau)
Hindustani: gahrā
Hindi: गहरा
Urdu: گَہْرَا (gahrā)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: گَهَرو

Devanagari script: गहरो

desc

with Middle Indo-Aryan <i class="Brah mention" lang="pra">-𑀓-</i> (-ka-)

⇒ Prakrit: *𑀕𑀳𑀺𑀭𑀓 (*gahiraka) (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-))

Middle Bengali: গহিরা (gohira)

Odia: ଗହିରା (gahirā)


𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">सहस्स</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">સહસ્સ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಸಹಸ್ಸ</i>

𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲 (sahassa) n or m (Devanagari सहस्स, Gujarati સહસ્સ, Kannada ಸಹಸ್ಸ)

tlb

(attested in Ardhamāgadhī, Māhārāṣṭrī, Paiśācī, Śaurasenī)

sahassa (romanization)
सहस्स (Devanagari)
સહસ્સ (Gujarati)
ಸಹಸ್ಸ (Kannada)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲 (singular vocative)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲 (singular vocative)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸 (plural vocative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Eastern Hindi:

Old Awadhi:

Western Hindi:

Old Braj: सहस (sahas)

Old Hindi: सहस (sahasa)

Middle Hindi: سهس (shs /sahas/)

Hindustani: sahas

Hindi: सहस

Urdu: سَہَس

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Old Punjabi: ਸਹਸ (sahasa /sahansa/)

Sindhi: sahasu

Arabic script: سَهَسُ

Devanagari script: सहसु

Khudabadi script: 𑋝𑋞𑋝𑋣

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Old Marathi: sahāsa

Devanagari script: सहास

Modi script: 𑘭𑘮𑘰𑘭

Western Indo-Aryan:

Old Gujarati: सहस (sahasa)

Saurashtra: ꢱꢱꢬ꣄ (sasar), ꢱꢵꢬ꣄ (sār)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *sem-
Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-
Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰes-
Proto-Indo-European *-lom
Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéslom
Proto-Indo-Iranian *saȷ́ʰásram
Sanskrit सहस्र (sahasra)
Ashokan Prakrit 𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀭 (sahasra)
Prakrit 𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲 (sahassa)
Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀭 (sahasra); see there for more. Cognate with Magadhi Prakrit 𑀰𑀳𑀰𑁆𑀰 (śahaśśa), Pali sahassa.


𑀲𑀲

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">सस</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಸಸ</i>

sasa (romanization)
सस (Devanagari)
ಸಸ (Kannada)
𑀲𑀲𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀲𑀲𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀲𑀲𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀲𑀲𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀲𑀲𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀲𑀲𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀲𑀲𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀲𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀲𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀲𑀲𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀲𑀲𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀲𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀲𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀲𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀲𑀲𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀲𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀲𑀲𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀲𑀲𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀲𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀲𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀲𑀲 (singular vocative)
𑀲𑀲𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀲𑀲𑀸 (plural vocative)

Konkani: सोंसो (souso)

Old Marathi: 𑘭𑘭𑘰 (sasā)

Marathi: ससा (sasā)

Inherited from Sanskrit शश (śaśá), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćasás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱes-.


𑀫𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀇

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">मुज्झइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಮುಜ್ಝಇ</i>

𑀫𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀇 (mujjhaï) (Devanagari मुज्झइ, Kannada ಮುಜ್ಝಇ)

mujjhaï (romanization)
मुज्झइ (Devanagari)
ಮುಜ್ಝಇ (Kannada)

From Sanskrit मुह्यति (muhyati), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mawǰʰ-.


𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀼

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">उच्छु</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಉಚ್ಛು</i>

𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀼 (ucchu) m (Devanagari उच्छु, Kannada ಉಚ್ಛು)

ucchu (romanization)
उच्छु (Devanagari)
ಉಚ್ಛು (Kannada)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀽 (nominative singular)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀼𑀡𑁄 (nominative plural)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀽 (nominative plural)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀽𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀉 (nominative plural)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀼𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀼𑀡𑁄 (accusative plural)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀽 (accusative plural)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀼𑀡𑀸 (instrumental singular)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀽𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀽𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀽𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀽𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀼𑀡𑁄 (genitive singular)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀼𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀽𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀽𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀽𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀽𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀼 (singular vocative)
𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀽 (singular vocative)

Konkani: ū̃s

Devanagari script: ऊंस (ūusa)

Kannada script: ಊಂಸ್ (ūṃs)

Latin script: us

Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: उस (usa)

Modi script: 𑘄𑘭 (usa)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit इक्षु (ikṣu)
Prakrit 𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀼 (ucchu)
Inherited from Sanskrit इक्षु (ikṣú). Cognate with Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀇𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀼 (ikkhu).


𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">तुप्प</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ತುಪ್ಪ</i>

𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧 (tuppa) n (Devanagari तुप्प, Kannada ತುಪ್ಪ)

tuppa (romanization)
तुप्प (Devanagari)
ತುಪ್ಪ (Kannada)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧 (singular vocative)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)

→ Gujarati: તૂપ (tūp)

Konkani: tūp

Devanagari script: तूप

Kannada script: ತೂಪ್

Latin script: tup

Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: तुप (tupa), तूप (tūpa)

Modi script: 𑘝𑘳𑘢 (tupa)

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→ Old Kannada: ತುಪ್ಪ (tuppa)
Kannada: ತುಪ್ಪ (tuppa)

Of non-Indo-Aryan origin. Compare Tamil துப்பு (tuppu).

𑀲𑁄𑀊𑀡 𑀇𑀁𑀤𑀇-𑀯𑀳𑀁 𑀫𑀼𑀅𑀇 𑀲𑀭𑁄𑀲𑀁 𑀤𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀡𑁄 𑀩𑀸𑀳-𑀚𑀮𑀁
𑀅𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀅-𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀡𑀁 𑀡𑀺𑀯𑀟𑀇 𑀢𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀁-𑀯 𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀡𑀁-𑀘𑀺𑀅 𑀯𑀺𑀳𑀺𑀡𑀸
soūṇa iṃdaï-vahaṃ muaï sarosaṃ dasāṇaṇo bāha-jalaṃ
abbhuttia-dīvāṇaṃ ṇivaḍaï tuppaṃ-va takkhaṇaṃ-cia vihiṇā

c. 400 CE, Pravarasena II, Rāvaṇavadha Canto XV, line 38

Hearing that Indrajit was slain, Ravana shed tears in anger that dropped at the moment,
like the clarified butter of lighted lamps, touched by the flame.

1974 translation by Krishna Kanta Handique


𑀚𑀉

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">जउ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಜಉ</i>

jaü (romanization)
जउ (Devanagari)
ಜಉ (Kannada)
𑀚𑀉𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀚𑀉 (nominative singular)
𑀚𑀊𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀚𑀊𑀡𑀺 (nominative plural)
𑀚𑀊 (nominative plural)
𑀚𑀉𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀚𑀉 (accusative singular)
𑀚𑀊𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀚𑀊𑀡𑀺 (accusative plural)
𑀚𑀊 (accusative plural)
𑀚𑀉𑀡𑀸 (instrumental singular)
𑀚𑀊𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀚𑀊𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀚𑀊𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀚𑀊𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀚𑀉𑀡𑁄 (genitive singular)
𑀚𑀉𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀚𑀊𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀚𑀊𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀚𑀉𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀚𑀊𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀚𑀊𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀚𑀉 (singular vocative)
𑀚𑀊 (singular vocative)
𑀚𑀊𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀚𑀊𑀡𑀺 (plural vocative)
𑀚𑀊 (plural vocative)

From Sanskrit जतु (jatu), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰátu, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷetu.


𑀲𑀉𑀡

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">सउण</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಸಉಣ</i>

𑀲𑀉𑀡 (saüṇa) m (Devanagari सउण, Kannada ಸಉಣ)

saüṇa (romanization)
सउण (Devanagari)
ಸಉಣ (Kannada)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀲𑀉𑀡 (singular vocative)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀲𑀉𑀡𑀸 (plural vocative)

Konkani: सवणें (savṇẽ)

Inherited from Sanskrit शकुन (śakuná, “bird”).


𑀏𑀆𑀭𑀺𑀲

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">एआरिस</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಏಆರಿಸ</i>

𑀏𑀆𑀭𑀺𑀲 (eārisa) (Devanagari एआरिस, Kannada ಏಆರಿಸ)

eārisa (romanization)
एआरिस (Devanagari)
ಏಆರಿಸ (Kannada)

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀏𑀢𑀸𑀭𑀺𑀲 (etārisa), from Sanskrit एतादृश (etādṛśa). Compare 𑀈𑀇𑀲 (īisa), 𑀈𑀭𑀺𑀲 (īrisa), 𑀏𑀈𑀲 (eīsa), 𑀏𑀭𑀺𑀲 (erisa). Cognate with Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀏𑀤𑀸𑀭𑀺𑀲 (edārisa), Pali etādisa.


𑀏𑀕𑀸𑀭𑀲

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">एगारस</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಏಗಾರಸ</i>

𑀏𑀕𑀸𑀭𑀲 (egārasa) (Devanagari एगारस, Kannada ಏಗಾರಸ)

egārasa (romanization)
एगारस (Devanagari)
ಏಗಾರಸ (Kannada)

Konkani: इक्रा (ikrā)

Marathi: अकरा (akrā)

Old Gujarati: इग्यार (igyāra)

Gujarati: અગિયાર (agiyār)

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Saurashtra: ꢮꢶꢔ꣄ꢫꢵꢬꢸ (vigyāru), ꢮ꣄ꢫꢵꢬꢸ (vyāru)

Marwari: इगियारै (igiyārai)

Kachchi: ઇગ્યારો (igyāro)

Hindustani: gyārah

Hindi: ग्यारह

Hindi: ग्यारह

Urdu: گیارہ (gyārh)

Nepali: एघार (eghār)

Punjabi: ਗਿਆਰਾਂ (giārā̃)

Sindhi: يَارَنھَن, يَارَھَن

Sindhi: يَارَنھَن, يَارَھَن / यारंहं (yārãhã)

Inherited from Sanskrit एकादश (ekādaśa).


𑀧𑀺𑀉

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">पिउ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಪಿಉ</i>

𑀧𑀺𑀉 (piu) m (Devanagari पिउ, Kannada ಪಿಉ)

piu (romanization)
पिउ (Devanagari)
ಪಿಉ (Kannada)

Hindi: पिउ (piu)

Punjabi: ਪਿਓ (pio)

Inherited from Sanskrit पितृ (pitṛ́). Cognate with Pali pitar.


𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">णिद्दा</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಣಿದ್ದಾ</i>

𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸 (ṇiddā) f (Devanagari णिद्दा, Kannada ಣಿದ್ದಾ)

ṇiddā (romanization)
णिद्दा (Devanagari)
ಣಿದ್ದಾ (Kannada)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸 (nominative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀉 (nominative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀉 (accusative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀇 (instrumental singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀅 (instrumental singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀇 (genitive singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀅 (genitive singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀇 (locative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀅 (locative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑁂 (singular vocative)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀉 (plural vocative)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸 (plural vocative)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸 (nominative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀤𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀏 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑁂 (singular vocative)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸 (plural vocative)
𑀡𑁂𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸 (alternative)

Central:

Eastern Hindi:

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Old Awadhi: नींद (nīṃda), नीदउँ (nīdaüm̐)

Western Hindi:

Old Braj: नीद (nīd), नीदउँ (nīda͠u)

Braj: नींद (nīnd)

Bundeli: नींद (nīnd)

Old Hindi: नींद (nīṃda), नीद (nīda)

Hindustani: nīnd

Hindi: नींद

Urdu: نِیْند

Urdu: نِیْند

Eastern:

Bengali-Assamese:

Assamese: নিন্দ (nindo)

Bengali: নিদ (nid), নিঁদ (nĩd)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: nīnd, nīn, nīnrī

Devanagari script: नींद, नीन, नीनरी

Kaithi script: 𑂢𑂲𑂁𑂠, 𑂢𑂲𑂢, 𑂢𑂲𑂢𑂩𑂲

Maithili: nīn

Devanagari script: नीन

Tirhuta script: 𑒢𑒲𑒢

Odia: ନିଦ (nida)

Northern:

Central:

Nepali: निनी (ninī), नीद (nīd)

Western:

Dogri: nīndar

Devanagari script: नींदर

Dogra script: 𑠝𑠮𑠷𑠛𑠤

Northwestern:

Old Punjabi: ਨੀਂਦ (nīnda)

Punjabi: nīnd, nīndar

Gurmukhi script: ਨੀਂਦ, ਨੀਂਦਰ

Shahmukhi script: نِیند, نِیندَر

Saraiki: نِݨْدر (niṇdr), نِیݨْدر (nīṇdr)

Sindhi: ninḍa

Arabic script: نِنڊَ

Devanagari script: निन्ड

Khudabadi script: 𑋑𑋡𑋑𑋪𑋈

Southern:

Insular:

Dhivehi: ނިދި (nidi)

Sinhalese: නින්ද (ninda), නිදී (nidī), නිඳි (niⁿdi)

Marathi-Konkani:

Konkani: nhīd

Devanagari script: न्हीद

Kannada script: ನ್ಹೀದ್

Latin script: nhid

Old Marathi: nīd

Devanagari script: नीद

Modi script: 𑘡𑘲𑘟𑘿

Western:

Gojri: نِیند (nīnd), نِیندرو (nīndro)

Middle Gujarati: नीद

Gujarati: નીંદ (nī̃d), નીંદર (nī̃dar)

Malvi: नींद (nīnd)

Old Marwari: नीद (nīd), नींद (nīnd)

Marwari:

Devanagari script: नींद (nīnd), निंदरा (nindrā)

Mahajani script: 𑅧𑅑𑅧𑅥 (nind), 𑅧𑅑𑅧𑅥𑅭 (nindr)

Nimadi: नींद (nīnd)

→ Kannada: ನಿದ್ದೆ (nidde)

→ Tamil: நித்தை (nittai)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *HnidráH
Sanskrit निद्रा (nidrā)
Prakrit 𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸 (ṇiddā)
From Sanskrit निद्रा (nidrā), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HnidráH.
Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀦𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀭𑀸 (nidrā́). Cognate with Pali niddā.

etymon

𑀮𑁄𑀑 𑀚𑀽𑀭𑀇, 𑀚𑀽𑀭𑀉! 𑀯𑀅𑀡𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀁 𑀳𑁄𑀇 𑀳𑁄𑀉 𑀢𑀁 𑀡𑀸𑀫𑁇
𑀏𑀳𑀺! 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀲𑀼 𑀧𑀸𑀲𑁂 𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀯𑀇 𑀡 𑀏𑀇 𑀫𑁂 𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸
loo jūraï, jūraü! vaaṇijjaṃ hoi hou taṃ ṇāma.

c. 200 CE – 600 CE, Hāla, Gāhā Sattasaī 530

2009 translation by Peter Khoroche and Herman Tieken
“People will be angry.” Let them be. “They will disapprove.” Who cares?
Come, forget about your period, and snuggle down beside me, for I can get no sleep.

ehi! ṇimajjasu pāse pupphavaï ṇa ei me ṇiddā

𑀢𑀸 𑀆𑀕𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀲𑀼 𑀧𑀺𑀬𑀬𑀫 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑀁-𑀧𑀺 𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁄 𑀫𑀏 𑀇𑀫𑀁 𑀪𑀡𑀺𑀬𑀁
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀘 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑀁 𑀅𑀳𑀁 𑀇𑀳𑀇𑀁 𑀘𑀺𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀺𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀫𑀺 𑀏𑀇 𑀫𑀳 𑀦𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸
tā āgacchasu piyayama tumaṃ-pi tatto mae imaṃ bhaṇiyaṃ

c. 700 CE, Haribhadra, Maṇipati-Carita 315

1959 translation by Robert Hamilton Blair Williams
so come along, you too, darling.’ Then I replied:
‘You go, I shall stay here as sleep is coming over me.’

vacca tumaṃ ahaṃ ihaïṃ ciṭṭhissāmi ei maha niddā


𑀲𑀸𑀉

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">साउ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಸಾಉ</i>

sāu (romanization)
साउ (Devanagari)
ಸಾಉ (Kannada)

Inherited from Sanskrit स्वादु (svādu), from Proto-Indo-European *swéh₂dus (“sweet”).


𑀞𑀺𑀬

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">ठिय</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಠಿಯ</i>

𑀞𑀺𑀬 (ṭhiya) (Devanagari ठिय, Kannada ಠಿಯ)

ṭhiya (romanization)
ठिय (Devanagari)
ಠಿಯ (Kannada)

Inherited from Sanskrit स्थित (sthita), from Proto-Indo-European *sth₂tós.


𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">चउक्क</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">ચઉક્ક</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಚಉಕ್ಕ</i>

𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓 (caükka) n (Devanagari चउक्क, Gujarati ચઉક્ક, Kannada ಚಉಕ್ಕ)

caükka (romanization)
चउक्क (Devanagari)
ચઉક્ક (Gujarati)
ಚಉಕ್ಕ (Kannada)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓 (singular vocative)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)

Central:

Hindustani: cauk, caukā, cauk

desc

Hindi: चौक, चौका, चौकी

Hindi: चौक, चौका, चौकी

Urdu: چَوک, چَوکَا, چَوکِی

Urdu: چَوک, چَوکَا, چَوکِی

Eastern:

Assamese: চৌকা (souka), চকী (soki)

Bengali: চক (cok), চৌক (cōuk), চৌকা (cōuka)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: चउक (cauk), चउका (caukā)

Maithili: चौकी (caukī)

Odia: ଚଉକ (cauka), ଚୌକା (caukā), ଚଉକି (cauki)

Northern:

Western Pahari:

Bhadrawahi: [script needed] (ċöuk)

Central Pahari:

Kumaoni: चौक, चौखो, चौको

Kumaoni: चौक, चौखो, चौको

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: चौक (cauk), चौको (cauko), चौकि (cauki)

Northwestern:

Sindhi: caũku, caũko, caũkī

Arabic script: چَونڪُ, چَونڪو, چَونڪِي

Arabic script: چَونڪُ, چَونڪو, چَونڪِي

Devanagari script: चौँकु, चौँको, चौँकी

Punjabi: cauk, caukkā, caukā, caukī

Gurmukhi script: ਚੌਕ, ਚੌੱਕਾ, ਚੌਕਾ, ਚੌਕੀ

Shahmukhi script: چَوک, چَوکَّا, چَوکَا, چَوکِی

Southern:

Konkani: cauku

Devanagari script: चौक

Latin script: chouk

Kannada script: ಚೌಕ್

Old Marathi: cauka

Devanagari script: चौक

Modi script: 𑘓𑘼𑘎

Western:

Gujarati: ચોક (cok), ચોકો (coko), ચોકી (cokī), ચોકિયું (cokiyũ)

Inherited from Sanskrit चतुष्क (catuṣka). Cognate with Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀘𑀤𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓 (cadukka).

inh+

𑀘𑀉𑀫𑀼𑀳-𑀘𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓-𑀘𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀭-𑀢𑀺𑀬-𑀕𑁄𑀬𑀭-𑀢𑁄𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺 𑀲𑀼-𑀯𑀺𑀪𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 𑀭𑀫𑀡𑀻𑀬𑀸 𑀭𑀸𑀫-𑀲𑀭𑁄-𑀧𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀭𑀡𑀻-𑀦𑀺𑀬𑀭-𑀲𑀁𑀚𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸

[There in that pleasant country […] ] is a city properly divided by gates giving access to squares, court-yards, and intersections of three or four roads, attractive and possessed of numbers of agreeable lakes and lotus-pools.

caümuha-caükka-caccara-tiya-goyara-toraṇehi su-vibhattā ramaṇīyā rāma-saro-pukkharaṇī-niyara-saṃjuttā


𑀥𑀽𑀆

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">धूआ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಧೂಆ</i>

𑀥𑀽𑀆 (dhūā) f (Devanagari धूआ, Kannada ಧೂಆ)

dhūā (romanization)
धूआ (Devanagari)
ಧೂಆ (Kannada)
𑀥𑀽𑀆 (nominative singular)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀉 (nominative plural)
𑀥𑀽𑀆 (nominative plural)
𑀥𑀽𑀅𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀉 (accusative plural)
𑀥𑀽𑀆 (accusative plural)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀇 (instrumental singular)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀅 (instrumental singular)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀇 (genitive singular)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀅 (genitive singular)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀇 (locative singular)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀅 (locative singular)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀥𑀽𑀏 (singular vocative)
𑀥𑀽𑀆 (singular vocative)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀥𑀽𑀆𑀉 (plural vocative)
𑀥𑀽𑀆 (plural vocative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindi: धिया (dhiyā)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

desctree

Early Assamese: ঝিউ (jhiu)
Assamese: জী (zi), জীয় (zio), ঝীয়া (zhia)

Bengali: ঝি (jhi)

Bihari:

Magahi: धिआ (dhiā)

Odia: ଝିଅ (jhia)

Rohingya: zí

Sylheti: ꠏꠤ (zí)

Insular Indo-Aryan:

Sinhalese: දුව (duwa)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Konkani: धूव (dhūv)

Old Marathi: 𑘠𑘳𑘪𑘰 (dhuvā)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Kachchi: ધી (dhī)

Old Punjabi: ਧੀਅ (dhīa)
Punjabi: dhī
Gurmukhi script: ਧੀ
Shahmukhi script: دھی

Sindhi:

Arabic script: ڌِيءَ (dhīa)

Devanagari script: धीअ (dhīa)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Old Gujarati: धूय (dhūya)

Gujarati: ધિ (dhi)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰewgʰ-?
Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr?
Proto-Indo-European *dʰugh₂tḗr
Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰúgʰHtā
Sanskrit दुहितृ (duhitṛ)
Prakrit 𑀥𑀽𑀆 (dhūā)
Inherited from Sanskrit दुहितृ (duhitṛ).


𑀲𑁄𑀴𑀲

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">सोळस</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಸೋಳಸ</i>

𑀲𑁄𑀴𑀲 (soḷasa) (Devanagari सोळस, Kannada ಸೋಳಸ)

soḷasa (romanization)
सोळस (Devanagari)
ಸೋಳಸ (Kannada)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:

Fiji Hindi: sorah

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: ষোল্ল (xüllo)

Bengali: ষোলো (śōlō)

Odia: ଶୋଳ (śoḷa)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑁄𑀴𑀲 (soḷasa)

Marathi: सोळा (soḷā)

Konkani: सोळा (sôḷā)

Helu Prakrit:

→ Dhivehi: ސޯޅަ (sōḷa)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Saurashtra: ꢱꣁꢮꢳ꣄ (sovaḷ)

Gujarati: સોળ (soḷ)

Hindi: सोलह (solah)

Nepali: सोह्र (sohra)

Punjabi: soḷhāṉ

desc

Gurmukhi script: ਸੋਲ਼ਹ, ਸੋਲ਼੍ਹਾਂ, ਸੋਲ਼ਾਂ

Shahmukhi script: سوࣇَہ, سوࣇہاں, سوࣇاں

Inherited from Vedic Sanskrit *षोळश (ṣoḷaśa) (compare Sanskrit षोडश (ṣóḍaśa)).


𑀚𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">जुज्झइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಜುಜ್ಝಇ</i>

pra-head

𑀚𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀇 (jujjhaï) (Devanagari जुज्झइ, Kannada ಜುಜ್ಝಇ) (intransitive)

jujjhaï (romanization)
जुज्झइ (Devanagari)
ಜುಜ್ಝಇ (Kannada)
𑀚𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀤𑀺 (alternative)

desc

Old Marathi: 𑘕𑘳𑘖𑘜𑘹 (jujhaṇe), 𑘕𑘳𑘽𑘖𑘜𑘹 (juṃjhaṇe)

Marathi: झुंजणे (jhuñjṇe)

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਜੂਝਣਾ (jūjhṇā)

Shahmukhi script: جُوجھݨا (jūjhṇā)

Inherited from Sanskrit युध्यते (yúdhyate). Cognate with Pali yujjhati.


𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀣

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">तत्थ</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">તત્થ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ತತ್ಥ</i>

𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀣 (tattha) (Devanagari तत्थ, Gujarati તત્થ, Kannada ತತ್ಥ)

tlb

(attested in Māhārāṣṭrī, Ardhamāgadhī, Jain Māhārāṣṭrī, Śaurasenī, Māgadhī)

tattha (romanization)
तत्थ (Devanagari)
તત્થ (Gujarati)
ತತ್ಥ (Kannada)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢 (alternative)

desc

तत्त<qq:< <i class="Brah mention" lang="pra">𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢</i> (tatta)>

Apabhramsa: तत्त (tatta) (< 𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢 (tatta)), तत्थ (tattha)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali-Assamese:

Assamese: তথা (totha, “that place, there”), তথি (tothi), তথিয়ে (tothie)

Bengali: তথা (totha, “that place, there”), (obsolete) তথি (tothi)

Maithili: (“even there, there too”) tatᵊhʉ, (obsolete) tathihʉ, (obsolete) tathuhʉ

Devanagari script: ततहु, तथिहु, तथुहु

Tirhuta script: 𑒞𑒞𑒯𑒳, 𑒞𑒟𑒱𑒯𑒳, 𑒞𑒟𑒳𑒯𑒳

Odia: ତଥି (tathi)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Garhwali: तत (tat), तत्ताँ (tattā̃), तथाँ (tathā̃), तथैं (tatha͠i)

Kumaoni: तथ

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Sindhi: (“then and there”) tate (tāi)

تَتي تاءِ<alt:تَتي (تاءِ)>

Arabic script: تَتي (تاءِ)

तते ताइ<alt:तते (ताइ)>

Devanagari script: तते (ताइ)

𑋍𑋍𑋥 𑋍𑋠𑊲<alt:𑋍𑋍𑋥 (𑋍𑊲)>

Khudabadi script: 𑋍𑋍𑋥 (𑋍𑊲)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Ahirani: तठे (taṭhe)

q

⇒ Apabhramsa: तेत्थु (tetthu) (word-medial ए (e) by analogy with एत्थु (etthu) from Prakrit 𑀏𑀢𑁆𑀣 (ĕttha) from Sanskrit इत्थम् (ittham))

Old Marathi: tetha

Devanagari script: तेथ

Modi script: 𑘝𑘹𑘞

Inherited from Sanskrit तत्र॑ (tátra). Cognate with Pali 𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀣 (tattha).

ref

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “tátra”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 321: “Pk. tattha”


𑀧𑀯𑁆𑀯𑀬

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">पव्वय</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಪವ್ವಯ</i>

𑀧𑀯𑁆𑀯𑀬 (pavvaya) m (Devanagari पव्वय, Kannada ಪವ್ವಯ)

pavvaya (romanization)
पव्वय (Devanagari)
ಪವ್ವಯ (Kannada)
𑀧𑀯𑁆𑀯𑀤 (alternative)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

desc

Odia: [script needed] (pābuli, “hill”) (Sambalpur)

Insular Indo-Aryan:

Sinhalese: [script needed] (pavuva, “rock, hill”)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਪੱਬੀ (pabbī, “hill”)

Saraiki: پَبِّی (pabbiī, “hill”)

Inherited from Sanskrit पर्वत (párvata). Cognate to Pali pabbata, Niya Prakrit 𐨤𐨪𐨿𐨬𐨟 (parvata).


𑀤𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀯𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">दक्खावइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ದಕ್ಖಾವಇ</i>

𑀤𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀯𑀇 (dakkhāvaï) (Devanagari दक्खावइ, Kannada ದಕ್ಖಾವಇ)

dakkhāvaï (romanization)
दक्खावइ (Devanagari)
ದಕ್ಖಾವಇ (Kannada)

Old Marathi: 𑘟𑘰𑘏𑘪𑘱𑘜𑘹 (dākhaviṇe)

Marathi: दाखवणे (dākhavṇe)


𑀫𑀭𑀕𑀬

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">मरगय</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">મરગય</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಮರಗಯ</i>

𑀫𑀭𑀕𑀬 (maragaya) m or n (Devanagari मरगय, Gujarati મરગય, Kannada ಮರಗಯ)

maragaya (romanization)
मरगय (Devanagari)
મરગય (Gujarati)
ಮರಗಯ (Kannada)

𑀫𑀭𑀕𑀅 𑀫𑀭𑀕𑀅#Prakrit

hiatus-filler form of 𑀫𑀭𑀕𑀅 (maragaa, “emerald”)


𑀫𑀭𑀕𑀅

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">मरगअ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಮರಗಅ</i>

𑀫𑀭𑀕𑀅 (maragaa) m or n (Devanagari मरगअ, Kannada ಮರಗಅ)

maragaa (romanization)
मरगअ (Devanagari)
ಮರಗಅ (Kannada)

Inherited from Sanskrit मरकत (marakata). Cognate with Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀫𑀭𑀕𑀤 (maragada), Ardhamagadhi Prakrit 𑀫𑀭𑀕𑀬 (maragaya).


𑀨𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀇

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">फुक्कइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಫುಕ್ಕಇ</i>

𑀨𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀇 (phukkaï) (Devanagari फुक्कइ, Kannada ಫುಕ್ಕಇ)

phukkaï (romanization)
फुक्कइ (Devanagari)
ಫುಕ್ಕಇ (Kannada)

Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: फुंकणे (phuṃkaṇe)

Modi script: 𑘣𑘳𑘽𑘎𑘜𑘹 (phuṃkaṇe)

From Sanskrit *फूत्कति (phūtkati), extended from the root फूत् (phūt) or perhaps a back-formation from फूत्कार (phūtkāra, “blowing”).

𑀯𑀬𑀡-𑀅𑀁𑀢𑀭𑁂𑀡 𑀨𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀇 𑀅𑀁𑀕𑀸𑀭𑁂 𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣-𑀲𑀁𑀞𑀺𑀬-𑀲𑀭𑀸𑀯𑁂 𑀥𑀼𑀡𑁂𑀇 𑀉𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀫-𑀅𑀁𑀕𑀁 𑀲𑀺𑀭-𑀯𑀸𑀮-𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀇𑀬-𑀫𑀼𑀳-𑀓𑀫𑀮𑀁

c. 700 CE, Haribhadra, Maṇipati-Carita 17

Between her shrieks she blew on the embers in the platter she held in her hand and tossed her head letting her hair fall over her lotus features.

vayaṇa-aṃtareṇa phukkaï aṃgāre hattha-saṃṭhiya-sarāve dhuṇei uttama-aṃgaṃ sira-vāla-cchaïya-muha-kamalaṃ


𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">मत्थ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಮತ್ಥ</i>

𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣 (mattha) m (Devanagari मत्थ, Kannada ಮತ್ಥ)

tlb

(attested in Māhārāṣṭrī, Jain Māhārāṣṭrī, Māgadhī)

mattha (romanization)
मत्थ (Devanagari)
ಮತ್ಥ (Kannada)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸 (plural vocative)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂 (nominative singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀤𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀤𑀼 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀰𑀼𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀰𑀼𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀳𑀺 (ablative plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀑 (ablative plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀉 (ablative plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀤𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀤𑀼 (ablative plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀰𑁆𑀰 (genitive singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀳 (genitive singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀳𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀰𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀰𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸 (plural vocative)
𑀫𑀰𑁆𑀢 (alternative)

Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀫𑀲𑁆𑀢 (masta). Cognate with Pali mattha.

𑀅𑀁𑀕𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀞𑁂 𑀢𑀁-𑀫𑀼𑀮𑁂 𑀚𑀯𑁂𑀳𑀺 𑀚𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 𑀢𑀳𑁂𑀯 𑀳𑀁𑀲-𑀕𑀈
𑀢𑀳 𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣-𑀉𑀟𑁆𑀠-𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀸 𑀢𑀺𑀮𑀇𑀬-𑀧𑀸𑀡𑀻 𑀲𑀼-𑀕𑀼𑀡-𑀔𑀸𑀡𑀻
aṃguṭṭhe taṃ-mule javehi juttā taheva haṃsa-gaī

c. 700 CE, Anonymous, Maṇipati-Carita 16

[Prithvi] had lucky marks on the thumb and at the base of the thumb and a line running up the forehead;
her gait was that of a swan; her hands were decorated; and she was a storehouse of good qualities.

taha mattha-uḍḍha-rehā tilaïya-pāṇī su-guṇa-khāṇī


𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">सप्प</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಸಪ್ಪ</i>

𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧 (sappa) m (Devanagari सप्प, Kannada ಸಪ್ಪ, feminine 𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀻)

sappa (romanization)
सप्प (Devanagari)
ಸಪ್ಪ (Kannada)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧 𑀻 (feminine)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧 (singular vocative)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (plural vocative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

Hindi: साँप (sā̃p)

Urdu: سان٘پ (sā̃p)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali-Assamese:

Assamese: সাপ (xap)

Bengali: সাপ (śap)

Chakma: 𑄥𑄛𑄴 (sāp)

Chittagonian: আফ (áf)

Rohingya: háf, áf

Sylheti: ꠢꠣꠙ (haf)

Odia: ସାପ (sāpa)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: साँप (sā̃p)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸੱਪ (sappa)

Shahmukhi script: سَپّ (sapp)

Kholosi: sap

Sindhi:

Arabic script: سپُ (sapu)

Devanagari script: सपु (sapu)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: साप (sāpa)

Modi script: 𑘭𑘰𑘢 (sāpa)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: સાપ (sāp)

Romani: sap

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *serp-
Sanskrit सृप् (sṛp)
Sanskrit स॒र्प (sarpá)
Prakrit 𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧 (sappa)
Inherited from Sanskrit स॒र्प (sarpá), from सृप् (sṛp), from Proto-Indo-European *serp-. Cognate with Pali sappa.

etymon

𑀕𑀺𑀭𑀺𑀲𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁄-𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺 𑀪𑀼𑀅𑀁𑀕𑀁 𑀫𑀳𑀺𑀲𑁄 𑀚𑀻𑀳𑀸𑀇 𑀮𑀺𑀳𑀇 𑀲𑀁𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁄
𑀫𑀳𑀺𑀲𑀲𑁆𑀲 𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀳𑀧𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀭𑀛𑀭𑁄-𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺 𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁄 𑀧𑀺𑀅𑀇 𑀮𑀸𑀮𑀁
girisŏtto-tti bhuaṃgaṃ mahiso jīhāi lihaï saṃtatto

c. 200 CE – 600 CE, Hāla, Gāhā Sattasaī 552

2009 translation by Peter Khoroche and Herman Tieken
Parched by the heat, the buffalo licks a snake, taking it for a mountain rivulet,
And the snake sips the buffalo’s spittle, taking it for water falling from black rock.

mahisassa kaṇhapattharajharo-tti sappo piaï lālaṃ


𑀧𑀲𑀭𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">पसरइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಪಸರಇ</i>

pra-head

𑀧𑀲𑀭𑀇 (pasaraï) (Devanagari पसरइ, Kannada ಪಸರಇ) (intransitive)

pasaraï (romanization)
पसरइ (Devanagari)
ಪಸರಇ (Kannada)
𑀧𑀲𑀭𑀤𑀺 (alternative)
𑀧𑀰𑀮𑀤𑀺 (alternative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Eastern Hindi:

Old Awadhi: पसरइ (pasaraï)

Awadhi: पसरब (pasrab)

Western Hindi:

Hindustani:

Hindi: पसरना (pasarnā)

Urdu: پَسَرْنا (pasarnā)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: पसरल (pasᵊral)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: पस्रिनु (pasrinu)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Sindhi:

desc

پَسِرَڻُ<der>

Arabic script: پَهَرَڻُ (“to be distributed”), پَهَْرجَڻُ, ⇒ پَسِرَڻُ

Devanagari script: पहरणु, पहुर्जणु, ⇒ पसिरणु

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ⇒ ਪੱਸਰਣਾ (passarṇā)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Old Marathi: 𑘢𑘭𑘨𑘜𑘹 (pasaraṇe)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: પસરવું (pasarvũ)

Marathi: पसरणे (pasarṇe)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit प्रस॑रति (prásarati)
Prakrit 𑀧𑀲𑀭𑀇 (pasaraï)
Inherited from Sanskrit प्रस॑रति (prásarati). By surface analysis, 𑀧- (pa-) + 𑀲𑀭𑀇 (saraï).

surf

hi:सुभद्र झा


पसरइ

सा पडिहा जा ठाणे पसरइ ।

c. 1660, Candralekhā lines 26-27.Rudradāsa

That is real Genius which spreads at the right place.

𑀧𑀲𑀭𑀇 𑀧𑀲𑀭𑀇#Prakrit


𑀆𑀲

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">आस</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಆಸ</i>

āsa (romanization)
आस (Devanagari)
ಆಸ (Kannada)
𑀆𑀲𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀆𑀲𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀆𑀲𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀆𑀲𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀆𑀲𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀆𑀲𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀆𑀲𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀆𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀆𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀆𑀲𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀆𑀲𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀆𑀲𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀆𑀲𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀆𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀆𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀆𑀲𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀆𑀲𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀆𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀆𑀲𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀆𑀲𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀆𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀆𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀆𑀲 (singular vocative)
𑀆𑀲𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀆𑀲𑀸 (plural vocative)

From Sanskrit अश्व (áśva), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háśwas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćwas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos (“horse”). Cognate to Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 (assa), Pali assa.


𑀡𑀭

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">णर</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಣರ</i>

ṇara (romanization)
णर (Devanagari)
ಣರ (Kannada)
𑀡𑀭𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀡𑀭𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀡𑀭𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀡𑀭𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀡𑀭𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀡𑀭𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀡𑀭𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀡𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀡𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀡𑀭𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀡𑀭𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀭𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀭𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀡𑀭𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀡𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀡𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀡𑀭𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀡𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀡𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀡𑀭 (singular vocative)
𑀡𑀭𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀡𑀭𑀸 (plural vocative)
𑀡𑀮 (alternative)
𑀦𑀮 (alternative)
𑀦𑀭 (alternative)

Hindustani: nar

Hindi: नर

Urdu: نَر (nar)

Inherited from Sanskrit नर (nára). Cognate with Pali nara, Gandhari 𐨣𐨪 (nara).


𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">पुप्फ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಪುಪ್ಫ</i>

𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨 (puppha) n (Devanagari पुप्फ, Kannada ಪುಪ್ಫ)

puppha (romanization)
पुप्फ (Devanagari)
ಪುಪ್ಫ (Kannada)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨 (singular vocative)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)

Gujarati: પૂફ (pūph)

Hindi: पुहुप (puhup)

Old Marathi: 𑘢𑘳𑘮𑘳𑘢 (puhupa)

Inherited from Sanskrit पुष्प (púṣpa). Cognate to Pali puppha.


𑀪𑀁𑀚𑀇

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">भंजइ</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">ભંજઇ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಭಂಜಇ</i>

𑀪𑀁𑀚𑀇 (bhaṃjaï) (Devanagari भंजइ, Gujarati ભંજઇ, Kannada ಭಂಜಇ)

bhaṃjaï (romanization)
भंजइ (Devanagari)
ભંજઇ (Gujarati)
ಭಂಜಇ (Kannada)

Bengali: ভাঁজা (bhãja)

Gurjara Apabhramsa:

desc

Old Gujarati: भांजी (bhāṃjī, “scattered”, conjunctive participle)

Gujarati: ભંજવું (bhañjvũ), ભાંજવું (bhā̃jvũ)

Maithili:

Devanagari script: भाँजब (bhā̃jab)

Tirhuta script: 𑒦𑒰𑒿𑒖𑒥 (bhā̃jaba)

Old Marathi: bhāṃjaṇe

Devanagari script: भांजणे

Modi script: 𑘥𑘰𑘽𑘕𑘜𑘹

Nepali: भाँच्नु (bhā̃cnu)

Odia: ଭାଞ୍ଜିବା (bhāñjibā)

Sauraseni Apabhramsa:

Hindustani: bhāñjnā

Hindi: भाँजना

Hindi: भाँजना

Urdu: بھان٘جْنا

Urdu: بھان٘جْنا

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi:

Arabic script: ڀَڃَڻُ

Devanagari script: भञणु

Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀪𑀦𑀓𑁆𑀢𑀺 (bhanákti).


𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">चक्क</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಚಕ್ಕ</i>

𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓 (cakka) n (Devanagari चक्क, Kannada ಚಕ್ಕ)

cakka (romanization)
चक्क (Devanagari)
ಚಕ್ಕ (Kannada)
𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓 (singular vocative)
𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali-Assamese:

desc

Assamese: চাক (sak), চকা (soka), চাকি (saki)

Bengali: চাকা (caka)

Sylheti: ꠌꠣꠇꠣ (saxa)

Odia: ଚକ (caka)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi: ਚੱਕਰ (cakkar, “circle, rotation”), ਚੱਕਾ (cakkā, “wheel, rim”)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Konkani: cāk

Devanagari script: चाक

Kannada script: ಚಾಕ್

Latin script: chaak

Old Marathi: cāka

Devanagari script: चाक

Modi script: 𑘓𑘰𑘎

→ Santali: ᱪᱚᱠ (côk)

From Sanskrit चक्र (cakrá). Cognate with Pali cakka.