𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">तेल्ल</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">તĕલ્લ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ತೆಲ್ಲ</i>

𑀢𑁳𑀮𑁆𑀮 (tĕlla) n (Devanagari तेल्ल, Gujarati તĕલ્લ, Kannada ತೆಲ್ಲ)

tlb

(attested in Māhārāṣṭrī, Ardhamāgadhī, Jain Māhārāṣṭrī, Śaurasenī, Māgadhī)

𑀢𑁳𑀮𑁆𑀮 (canonical neuter)
tĕlla (romanization)
तेल्ल (Devanagari)
તĕલ્લ (Gujarati)
ತೆಲ್ಲ (Kannada)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮 (singular vocative)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀸𑀤𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀸𑀤𑀼 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀰𑀼𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative plural)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀸𑀤𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀸𑀤𑀼 (ablative plural)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀰𑁆𑀰 (genitive singular)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀸𑀳 (genitive singular)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑁂𑀰𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑁂𑀰𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀁 (singular vocative)
𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀢𑀺𑀮𑁆𑀮 (alternative)
𑀢𑁂𑀮 (alternative)

Ahirani: तेल (tel)

Assamese: তেল (tel)

Bengali: তেল (tel)

Braj: तेल (tel)

Dhivehi: ތެޔޮ (teyo)

Dogri: tel

Devanagari script: तेल

Dogra script: 𑠙𑠳𑠥

Gojri: تیل (tel)

Gujarati: તેલ (tel)

Hindustani: tel

desctree

Hindi: तेल
→ Dari: تیل (tēl)
→ Pashto: تېل (tel)

Urdu: تیل (tel)
→ Dari: تیل (tēl)
→ Pashto: تېل (tel)

Konkani:

Devanagari script: तेल

Kannada script: ತೆಲ, ತೇಲ

Latin script: tel

Maithili: tēl

Devanagari script: तेल

Tirhuta script: 𑒞𑒹𑒪

Old Marathi: tela

Modi script: 𑘝𑘹𑘩

Devanagari script: तेल

Marwari:

Devanagari script: तेल (tel), तेळ (teḷ)

Mahajani script: 𑅣𑅓𑅮 (tel), 𑅣𑅓𑅮𑅳 (tel)

Nepali: तेल (tel)

Odia: ତେଲ (tela)

Old Punjabi: ਤੇਲੁ (telu)

Punjabi: tel

Gurmukhi script: ਤੇਲ

Shahmukhi script: تیل

Rohingya:

Hanifi Rohingya script: 𐴃𐴠𐴓𐴢 (tel)

Latin script: tel

Sindhi: telu

Arabic script: تيلُ

Devanagari script: तेलु

Khudabadi script: 𑋍𑋥𑋚𑋣

Sinhalese: තෙල් (tel)

→ Kannada: ತೆಲ್ಲ (tella)

𑀤𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀽𑀡 𑀢𑀭𑀼𑀡𑀲𑀼𑀭𑀅𑀁 𑀯𑀺𑀯𑀺𑀳𑀯𑀺𑀮𑀸𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀺 𑀓𑀭𑀡𑀲𑁄𑀳𑀺𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀁
𑀤𑀻𑀯𑁄-𑀯𑀺 𑀢𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀫𑀡𑁄 𑀕𑀅𑀁-𑀧𑀺 𑀢𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀁 𑀡 𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀔𑁂𑀇
daṭṭhūṇa taruṇasuraaṃ vivihavilāsehi karaṇasohillaṃ

c. 200 CE – 600 CE, Hāla, Gāhā Sattasaī 548

2009 translation by Peter Khoroche and Herman Tieken
The lamp was so absorbed in looking at the young couple playfully making love
In all sorts of different positions that it did not notice that the oil had run out.

dīvo-vi taggamaṇo gaaṃ-pi tĕllaṃ ṇa lakkhei


𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">भिक्खा</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಭಿಕ್ಖಾ</i>

𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸 (bhikkhā) f (Devanagari भिक्खा, Kannada ಭಿಕ್ಖಾ)

tlb

(attested in Māhārāṣṭrī, Jain Māhārāṣṭrī)

bhikkhā (romanization)
भिक्खा (Devanagari)
ಭಿಕ್ಖಾ (Kannada)
𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸 (nominative singular)
𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀉 (nominative plural)
𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀉 (accusative plural)
𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀇 (instrumental singular)
𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀅 (instrumental singular)
𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀇 (genitive singular)
𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀅 (genitive singular)
𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀇 (locative singular)
𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀅 (locative singular)
𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑁂 (singular vocative)
𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀉 (plural vocative)
𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸 (plural vocative)
𑀪𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀸 (alternative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

Hindi: भीख (bhīkh), भीक (bhīk)

Urdu: بِھیک (bhīk)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali-Assamese:

Bengali: ভিখ (bhikh)

Bihari:

Magahi: 𑂦𑂲𑂎 (bhīkh)

Maithili:

Devanagari script: भीख (bhīkh)

Tirhuta script: 𑒦𑒲𑒐 (bhīkh)

Odia: ଭିକ (bhika), ଭିଖ (bhikha)

Insular Indo-Aryan:

Sinhalese: බික් (bik)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: भिख (bhikh)

Western Pahari:

Dogri:

Devanagari script: भिक्ख (bhikkh)

Dogra script: 𑠡𑠭𑠊𑠹𑠋 (bhikkh)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

desc

Old Punjabi: ਭਿਖ (bhikha /bhikkha/), ਭੀਖ (bhīkha)

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਭਿੱਖ (bhikkha)

Shahmukhi script: بِھکّھ (bhikkh)

Saraiki:

Shahmukhi script: بِھک (bhik)

Devanagari script: भिक (bhik)

Multani script: 𑊟𑊄 (bhk)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: بِيکَ (bīkha)

Devanagari script: बीख (bīkha)

Khudabadi script: 𑋔𑋢𑊻 (bīkha)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Konkani:

Devanagari script: भीक

Kannada script: ಭಿಕ್

Latin script: bhik

Old Marathi: bhīka

Devanagari script: भीक

Modi script: 𑘥𑘲𑘎

Western Indo-Aryan:

Ahirani: भिक (bhik), भीक (bhīk)

Gujarati: ભીખ (bhīkh)

Marwari:

Devanagari script: भीख (bhīkh)

Mahajani script: 𑅫𑅑𑅖 (bhikh)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g-
Sanskrit भज् (bhaj)
Sanskrit भिक्ष् (bhikṣ)
Sanskrit -आ (-ā)
Sanskrit भि॒क्षा (bhikṣā́)
Prakrit 𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸 (bhikkhā)
Inherited from Sanskrit भि॒क्षा (bhikṣā́), from भिक्ष् (bhikṣ) + -आ (-ā). Cognate with Pali bhikkhā.

etymon

𑀢𑀑 𑀙𑀝𑁆𑀞-𑀪𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀡 𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸-𑀦𑀺𑀫𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀁 𑀕𑁄𑀬𑀭𑀁 𑀧𑀯𑀺𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀲𑁆𑀲
𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀁-𑀏𑀯 𑀘𑀺𑀡𑀸-𑀓𑀽𑀭𑀁 𑀙𑀮𑀺𑀬𑀸-𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀡 𑀤𑀺𑀦𑁆𑀦𑀁
tao chaṭṭha-bhatteṇa bhikkhā-nimittaṃ goyaraṃ paviṭṭhassa

c. 1122 – 1123, Devendra, Uttarādhyayana-Vṛtti II. Sanaṃkumāra page 27 line 33

1909 translation by John Jacob Meyer
Thereupon, having fasted for two days and a half, he entered his begging district
and at once was given millet porridge with goat's buttermilk.

paḍhamaṃ-eva ciṇā-kūraṃ chaliyā-takkeṇa dinnaṃ

𑀯𑀺𑀫𑀮𑁄 𑀪𑀡𑁂𑀇 𑀧𑀸𑀏𑀲𑀼 𑀢𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀛 𑀮𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀁𑀢𑀼 𑀓𑀼𑀓𑀼𑀭𑀸
𑀦𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀁 𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀁 𑀪𑀫𑀁𑀢𑀲𑁆𑀲 𑀲𑀯𑁆𑀯𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂 𑀕𑀳𑀺𑀏 𑀫𑀏
vimalo bhaṇei pāesu tujjha laggaṃtu kukurā

c. 1140, Laksmaṇa Gaṇi, Supāsanāha Caria page २७७, line ३८

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

niccaṃ bhikkhaṃ bhamaṃtassa savvasse gahie mae


𑀓𑀸𑀅𑀭

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">काअर</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಕಾಅರ</i>

𑀓𑀸𑀅𑀭 (kāara) (Devanagari काअर, Kannada ಕಾಅರ)

kāara (romanization)
काअर (Devanagari)
ಕಾಅರ (Kannada)

𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭#Prakrit


𑀫𑀡𑀺𑀆𑀭

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">मणिआर</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಮಣಿಆರ</i>

𑀫𑀡𑀺𑀆𑀭 (maṇiāra) m (Devanagari मणिआर, Kannada ಮಣಿಆರ)

maṇiāra (romanization)
मणिआर (Devanagari)
ಮಣಿಆರ (Kannada)
𑀫𑀡𑀺𑀆𑀭𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀫𑀡𑀺𑀆𑀭𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀫𑀡𑀺𑀆𑀭𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀫𑀡𑀺𑀆𑀭𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑀡𑀺𑀆𑀭𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑀡𑀺𑀆𑀭𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑀡𑀺𑀆𑀭𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑀡𑀺𑀆𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑀡𑀺𑀆𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑀡𑀺𑀆𑀭𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀫𑀡𑀺𑀆𑀭𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀡𑀺𑀆𑀭𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀡𑀺𑀆𑀭𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀡𑀺𑀆𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀡𑀺𑀆𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀡𑀺𑀆𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀫𑀡𑀺𑀆𑀭𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑀡𑀺𑀆𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑀡𑀺𑀆𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀫𑀡𑀺𑀆𑀭𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀫𑀡𑀺𑀆𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀫𑀡𑀺𑀆𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀫𑀡𑀺𑀆𑀭 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑀡𑀺𑀆𑀭𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑀡𑀺𑀆𑀭𑀸 (plural vocative)
𑀫𑀡𑀺𑀬𑀸𑀭 (alternative)

Gujarati: મણિયાર (maṇiyār)

Hindustani: maniyār, manihār

Hindi: मनियार (adjective), मनिहार

Urdu: مَنِیَار (maniyār, adjective), مَنِہَار (manihār)

Malvi: मणेर (maṇer), मण्यार (maṇyār)

Old Marathi: maṇiyāra

Devanagari script: मणियार

Modi script: 𑘦𑘜𑘲𑘧𑘰𑘨

Old Punjabi: ਮਨੀਆਰੁ (manīāru)

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮਨਿਆਰ (maniāra), ਮੁਨਿਆਰ (muniāra)

Shahmukhi script: مَنیَار (manyār), مُنیَار (munyār)

Sindhi: مَڻِيارُ (maṇiyāru, adjective)

Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀫𑀡𑀺𑀓𑀸𑀭 (maṇikāra). By surface analysis, 𑀫𑀡𑀺 (maṇi) + -𑀆𑀭 (-āra). Cognate with Pali maṇikāra.

surf

𑀫𑀡𑀺𑀬𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀡 𑀏𑀕𑁂𑀡𑀁 𑀯𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥𑁂𑀡𑀁 𑀦𑀺𑀬-𑀲𑀼𑀬𑀸𑀡 𑀤𑀯𑀺𑀡-𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀁
𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀺𑀬-𑀦𑀺𑀯𑁆𑀯𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂𑀡𑀁 𑀩𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀻𑀏 𑀲𑀁𑀥𑀺𑀑 𑀳𑀸𑀭𑁄
maṇiyāreṇa egeṇaṃ vuddheṇaṃ niya-suyāṇa daviṇa-atthaṃ

c. 700 CE, Haribhadra, Maṇipati-Carita 187

1959 translation by Robert Hamilton Blair Williams
One aged jeweller, being weary of life,
skilfully repaired the necklace in order to provide wealth for his sons.

𑀫𑀡𑀺𑀆𑀭-𑀖𑀭𑁄𑀮𑀻𑀲𑀼𑀁 𑀯𑁂𑀟𑀺𑀅𑀯𑁂𑀲𑀁𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀑-𑀅𑁇
𑀯𑁂𑀮𑀼𑀮𑀺𑀅𑀁 𑀯𑁂𑀭𑀼𑀮𑀺𑀏 𑀯𑁂𑀅𑀟𑀺𑀅𑀁 𑀢𑀳-𑀬 𑀧𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑁈
maṇiāra-gharolīsuṃ veḍiavesaṃbharāo-a.

c. 1088 – 1173, Hemachandra, Deśināmamālā 7.77

veluliaṃ verulie veaḍiaṃ taha-ya paccutte.

مݩیاری

Prakrit: *𑀫𑀡𑀺𑀆𑀭-𑀇𑀆 ~ *𑀫𑀡𑀺𑀆𑀭-𑀇𑀕𑀸 (*maṇiāra-iā ~ *maṇiāra-igā)

मणियारौ

Prakrit: *𑀫𑀡𑀺𑀆𑀭-𑀅 ~ *𑀫𑀡𑀺𑀆𑀭-𑀕 (*maṇiāra-a ~ *maṇiāra-ga)


𑀪𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">भित्ति</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಭಿತ್ತಿ</i>

𑀪𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺 (bhitti) f (Devanagari भित्ति, Kannada ಭಿತ್ತಿ)

bhitti (romanization)
भित्ति (Devanagari)
ಭಿತ್ತಿ (Kannada)
𑀪𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻 (nominative singular)
𑀪𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀪𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻 (nominative plural)
𑀪𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀪𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀪𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻 (accusative plural)
𑀪𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀪𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀪𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀪𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀪𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀪𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀪𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀪𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀪𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀪𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀪𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀪𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺 (singular vocative)
𑀪𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻 (singular vocative)
𑀪𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀪𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻 (plural vocative)

Ahirani: भित (bhit), भीत (bhīt)

Awadhi: bhīti, bhitiyā

Devanagari script: भीति, भितिया

Kaithi script: 𑂦𑂲𑂞𑂱, 𑂦𑂱𑂞𑂱𑂨𑂰

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Braj: भित्ति (bhitti), भीत (bhīt), भीति (bhīti), भीती (bhītī)

Bagheli: भीती (bhītī)

Middle Bengali: ভীত (bhit)

Bengali: ভিত (bhito)

Chhattisgarhi: भीती (bhītī)

Dhivehi: ބިތް (bit̊)

Old Gujarati: भीति (bhīti)

Gojri: پِھتی (bhitī)

Middle Gujarati: भीति

Gujarati: ભીંત (bhī̃t)

Malvi: भींत (bhī̃t)

Marwari:

Devanagari script: भीत (bhīt), भींत (bhī̃t), भीतड़ौ (bhītṛau)

Mahajani script: 𑅫𑅑𑅣 (bhit), 𑅫𑅑𑅧𑅣 (bhint), 𑅫𑅑𑅣𑅲𑅒 (bhitṛu)

Hindustani: bhīt

Arabic script: بِھیتْ

Devanagari script: भीत

Kaithi script: 𑂦𑂲𑂞

Konkani:

Devanagari script: भिंत (bhinta)

Kannada script: ಭಿಂತ್

Maithili: bhiti, bhitti, bhīt, bhīti

Devanagari script: भिति, भित्ति, भीत, भीति

Tirhuta script: 𑒦𑒱𑒞𑒱, 𑒦𑒱𑒞𑓂𑒞𑒱, 𑒦𑒲𑒞, 𑒦𑒲𑒞𑒱

Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: भिंती (bhiṃtī), भीत (bhīta)

Modi script: 𑘥𑘲𑘽𑘝𑘲 (bhīṃtī), 𑘥𑘲𑘝 (bhīta)

Old Punjabi: ਭੀਤਿ (bhīti)

Punjabi: bhīt

Gurmukhi script: ਭੀਤ

Shahmukhi script: بِھیتْ

Sindhi: bhiti

Arabic script: ڀِتِ

Devanagari script: भिति

Khudabadi script: 𑋖𑋡𑋍𑋡

Sinhalese: බිත (bita)

Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀪𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺 (bhitti). Cognate with Pali bhitti.

𑀘𑀟𑀼𑀮-𑀯𑀟𑀸𑀆-𑀡𑀺𑀯𑀳𑁄 𑀓𑀁𑀘𑀡-𑀖𑀭-𑀪𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺-𑀯𑀺𑀅𑀟-𑀓𑀽𑀯𑀭-𑀩𑀁𑀥𑁄
𑀇𑀁𑀤𑀇𑀡𑁄-𑀯𑀺 𑀧𑀲𑀭𑀺𑀑 𑀏𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀤𑁂𑀲𑁄-𑀯 𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲-𑀉𑀭𑀻𑀅 𑀭𑀳𑁄
caḍula-vaḍāā-ṇivaho kaṃcaṇa-ghara-bhitti-viaḍa-kūvara-baṃdho
iṃdaïṇo-vi pasario ĕkkuddeso-va rakkhasa-urīa raho

c. 400 CE, Pravarasena II, Rāvaṇavadha Canto XII, line 84

The chariot of Indrajit, with the pole-frame broad as the golden wall of the palace
advanced, with flags flying, as if it were a segment of the city of the demons

1974 translation by Krishna Kanta Handique

𑀧𑀭𑀺𑀯𑀸𑀬𑀕𑁂𑀡 𑀢𑀸𑀯-𑀬 𑀈𑀲𑀭-𑀯𑀡𑀺𑀬𑀲𑁆𑀲 𑀫𑀁𑀤𑀺𑀭𑁂 𑀢𑀼𑀁𑀕𑁂 𑁇
𑀲𑀼𑀳-𑀪𑁂𑀬-𑀪𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺-𑀪𑀸𑀏 𑀔𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀁 𑀆𑀮𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀬𑀁 𑀢𑁂𑀡 𑁈𑁧𑁧𑁩𑁈
𑀚𑀸𑀏-𑀯𑀺 𑀪𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺-𑀲𑀁𑀥𑁂 𑀔𑀡𑀺𑀬𑀁 𑀔𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀁 𑀲𑀼𑀢𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔-𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀡𑀁 𑁇
𑀲𑀺𑀭𑀺𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙-𑀲𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀳𑀁 𑀲𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀯𑁂𑀲-𑀡𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀫𑀡𑀁-𑀅𑀇𑀕𑀽𑀠𑀁 𑁈𑁧𑁧𑁪𑁈
parivāyageṇa tāva-ya īsara-vaṇiyassa maṃdire tuṃge .
suha-bheya-bhitti-bhāe khattaṃ ālehiyaṃ teṇa .113.
jāe-vi bhitti-saṃdhe khaṇiyaṃ khattaṃ sutikkha-sattheṇaṃ .

c. 1122 – 1123, Devendra, Uttarādhyayana-Vṛtti X. Agaḍadatta page 74 lines 35-38

1909 translation by John Jacob Meyer
113. And forthwith the wandering ascetics scratched [the outlines of] a breach on a rich merchant's towering palace,
on a part of the wall that was easily broken through.
114. When a breach in the wall had been made he dug out with a very sharp tool an extremely well concealed hole,
which resembled a sirivaccha and which made it easy to get in and out.


𑀔𑀫𑀸

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">खमा</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">ખમા</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಖಮಾ</i>

𑀔𑀫𑀸 (khamā) f (Devanagari खमा, Gujarati ખમા, Kannada ಖಮಾ)

tlb

(attested in Ardhamāgadhī, Jain Māhārāṣṭrī, Māhārāṣṭrī)

khamā (romanization)
खमा (Devanagari)
ખમા (Gujarati)
ಖಮಾ (Kannada)
𑀔𑀫𑀸 (nominative singular)
𑀔𑀫𑀸𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀔𑀫𑀸𑀉 (nominative plural)
𑀔𑀫𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀔𑀫𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀔𑀫𑀸𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀔𑀫𑀸𑀉 (accusative plural)
𑀔𑀫𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀔𑀫𑀸𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀔𑀫𑀸𑀇 (instrumental singular)
𑀔𑀫𑀸𑀅 (instrumental singular)
𑀔𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀔𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀔𑀫𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀔𑀫𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀔𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀔𑀫𑀸𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀔𑀫𑀸𑀇 (genitive singular)
𑀔𑀫𑀸𑀅 (genitive singular)
𑀔𑀫𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀔𑀫𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀔𑀫𑀸𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀔𑀫𑀸𑀇 (locative singular)
𑀔𑀫𑀸𑀅 (locative singular)
𑀔𑀫𑀸𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀔𑀫𑀸𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀔𑀫𑁂 (singular vocative)
𑀔𑀫𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀔𑀫𑀸𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀔𑀫𑀸𑀉 (plural vocative)
𑀔𑀫𑀸 (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit क्षमा (kṣamā). Cognate with Pali khamā.


𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">णिब्भर</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಣಿಬ್ಭರ</i>

𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭 (ṇibbhara) (Devanagari णिब्भर, Kannada ಣಿಬ್ಭರ)

ṇibbhara (romanization)
णिब्भर (Devanagari)
ಣಿಬ್ಭರ (Kannada)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭 (singular vocative)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸 (plural vocative)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸 (nominative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀉 (nominative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀉 (accusative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀇 (instrumental singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀅 (instrumental singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀇 (genitive singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀅 (genitive singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀇 (locative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀅 (locative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂 (singular vocative)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀉 (plural vocative)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸 (plural vocative)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭 (singular vocative)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)

Ahirani: निब्बर (nibbar)

Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: निबर (nibara)

Modi script: 𑘡𑘲𑘤𑘨 (nībara)

Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀦𑀺𑀭𑁆𑀪𑀭 (nirbhara).

inh+

𑀫𑀳𑀼-𑀫𑀸𑀲-𑀫𑀸𑀭𑀼𑀆𑀳𑀅-𑀫𑀳𑀼𑀅𑀭-𑀛𑀁𑀓𑀸𑀭-𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂 𑀭𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂𑁇
𑀕𑀸𑀈 𑀯𑀺𑀭𑀳-𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀭𑀸𑀯𑀤𑁆𑀥-𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀅-𑀫𑀡-𑀫𑁄𑀳𑀡𑀁 𑀕𑁄𑀯𑀻𑁈
mahu-māsa-māruāhaa-mahuara-jhaṃkāra-ṇibbhare raṇṇe.

c. 200 CE – 600 CE, Hāla, Gāhā Sattasaī 128

2009 translation by Peter Khoroche and Herman Tieken
The spring wind stirs the forest, loud with the drone of bees,
And the cowgirl’s song about parted lovers troubles the lonely traveler.

𑀅𑀯𑀭-𑀤𑀺𑀲𑀸-𑀯𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺𑀡𑁄 𑀤𑀻𑀳-𑀫𑀊𑀳-𑀯𑀺𑀲𑀫-𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀳𑀸-𑀲𑀁𑀖𑀸𑀑𑁇
𑀭𑀅-𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁄-𑀯𑁆𑀯 𑀤𑀻𑀲𑀇 𑀓𑀸𑀮-𑀫𑀼𑀳-𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢-𑀤𑀺𑀅𑀲-𑀓𑀟𑁆𑀠𑀡 𑀫𑀕𑁆𑀕𑁄𑁈
avara-disā-vitthiṇo dīha-maūha-visama-ppahā-saṃghāo.
raa-ṇibbharo-vva dīsaï kāla-muha-kkhitta-diasa-kaḍḍhaṇa maggo.

c. 400 CE, Pravarasena II, Rāvaṇavadha Canto X, line 17

The massive lustre [of the setting sun], uneven with lengthening rays, and spreading in the west,
seemed to be the dusty trail of the day while it was snatched away by the jaws of Death.

𑀢𑀑 𑀧𑀬𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂 𑀦𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂 𑀓𑀻𑀮𑀸-𑀭𑀲𑁂 𑀓𑀻𑀮𑀁𑀢𑁂𑀲𑀼 𑀯𑀺𑀯𑀺𑀳-𑀓𑀻𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁 𑀢𑀭𑀼𑀡-𑀦𑀭-𑀦𑀸𑀭𑀻-𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀲𑀼
𑀅𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀺𑀬𑀁-𑀘𑁂𑀯 𑀫𑀬-𑀧𑀭𑀯𑁆𑀯𑀲𑁄 𑀕𑀸𑀮𑀺𑀬-𑀫𑀺𑀁𑀞𑁄 𑀦𑀺𑀭𑀁𑀓𑀼𑀲𑁄 𑀯𑀺𑀬𑀭𑀺𑀑 𑀭𑀸𑀬-𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀻
tao payatte nibbhare kīlā-rase kīlaṃtesu viviha-kīlāhiṃ taruṇa-nara-nārī-satthesu

c. 1122 – 1123, Devendra, Uttarādhyayana-Vṛtti I. Bambhadatta page 16 lines 16-18

1909 translation by John Jacob Meyer
When thereupon the pleasure of sports was at its height and the companies of young men and women were amusing themselves with various pastimes, unexpectedly a royal elephant that was beside himself with rut and had thrown off his driver and [so] was not curbed by the hook, strayed thither.

atakkiyaṃ-ceva maya-paravvaso gāliya-miṃṭho niraṃkuso viyario rāya-hatthī


𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀴

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">गरुळ</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">ગરુઌઅ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಗರುಳ</i>

𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀴 (garuḷa) m (Devanagari गरुळ, Gujarati ગરુઌઅ, Kannada ಗರುಳ)

tlb

(attested in Jain Māhārāṣṭrī, Ardhamāgadhī, Māhārāṣṭrī)

garuḷa (romanization)
गरुळ (Devanagari)
ગરુઌઅ (Gujarati)
ಗರುಳ (Kannada)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀴𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀴𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀴𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀴𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀴𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀴𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀴𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀴𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀴𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀴𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀴𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀴𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀴𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀴𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀴𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀴𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀴𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀴𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀴𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀴𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀴𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀴𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀴 (singular vocative)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀴𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀴𑀸 (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit गरुड (garuḍa). Doublet of 𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀟 (garuḍa).


गरुळ

head

गरुळ (garuḷa) m (Gujarati ગરુઌઅ, Kannada ಗರುಳ)

garuḷa (romanization)
ગરુઌઅ (Gujarati)
ಗರುಳ (Kannada)
गरुळो (nominative singular)
गरुळा (nominative plural)
गरुळं (accusative singular)
गरुळे (accusative plural)
गरुळा (accusative plural)
गरुळेण (instrumental singular)
गरुळेणं (instrumental singular)
गरुळेहि (instrumental plural)
गरुळेहिं (instrumental plural)
गरुळाअ (dative singular)
गरुळाओ (ablative singular)
गरुळाउ (ablative singular)
गरुळा (ablative singular)
गरुळाहि (ablative singular)
गरुळाहिंतो (ablative singular)
गरुळस्स (genitive singular)
गरुळाण (genitive plural)
गरुळाणं (genitive plural)
गरुळम्मि (locative singular)
गरुळे (locative singular)
गरुळेसु (locative plural)
गरुळेसुं (locative plural)
गरुळ (singular vocative)
गरुळा (singular vocative)
गरुळा (plural vocative)

𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀴 𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀴#Prakrit

Devanagari script form of 𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀴 (“garuda”)


गरुल

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">ગરુલ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಗರುಲ</i>

गरुल (garula) m (Gujarati ગરુલ, Kannada ಗರುಲ)

garula (romanization)
ગરુલ (Gujarati)
ಗರುಲ (Kannada)
गरुलो (nominative singular)
गरुला (nominative plural)
गरुलं (accusative singular)
गरुले (accusative plural)
गरुला (accusative plural)
गरुलेण (instrumental singular)
गरुलेणं (instrumental singular)
गरुलेहि (instrumental plural)
गरुलेहिं (instrumental plural)
गरुलाअ (dative singular)
गरुलाओ (ablative singular)
गरुलाउ (ablative singular)
गरुला (ablative singular)
गरुलाहि (ablative singular)
गरुलाहिंतो (ablative singular)
गरुलस्स (genitive singular)
गरुलाण (genitive plural)
गरुलाणं (genitive plural)
गरुलम्मि (locative singular)
गरुले (locative singular)
गरुलेसु (locative plural)
गरुलेसुं (locative plural)
गरुल (singular vocative)
गरुला (singular vocative)
गरुला (plural vocative)

गरुळ गरुळ#Prakrit

𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀴 𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀴#Prakrit

(North Indian) misspelling of गरुळ (garuḷa, “garuda”), which is Devanagari script form of 𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀴


𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀟

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">गरुड</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಗರುಡ</i>

𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀟 (garuḍa) m (Devanagari गरुड, Kannada ಗರುಡ)

garuḍa (romanization)
गरुड (Devanagari)
ಗರುಡ (Kannada)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀟𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀟𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀟𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀟𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀟𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀟𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀟𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀟𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀟𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀟𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀟𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀟𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀟𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀟𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀟𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀟𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀟𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀟𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀟𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀟𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀟𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀟𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀟 (singular vocative)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀟𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀟𑀸 (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit गरुड (garuḍa). Doublet of 𑀕𑀭𑀼𑀴 (garuḷa).


𑀧𑀼𑀭𑀑

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">पुरओ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಪುರಓ</i>

𑀧𑀼𑀭𑀑 (purao) (Devanagari पुरओ, Kannada ಪುರಓ)

purao (romanization)
पुरओ (Devanagari)
ಪುರಓ (Kannada)
𑀧𑀼𑀭𑀤𑁄 (alternative)

Inherited from Sanskrit पुरतस् (puratas).

inh+

𑀥𑀸𑀯𑀇 𑀧𑀼𑀭𑀑, 𑀧𑀸𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀼 𑀪𑀫𑀇, 𑀤𑀺𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀻𑀧𑀳𑀁𑀫𑀺 𑀲𑀁𑀞𑀸𑀇𑁇
𑀡𑀯𑀮𑀇𑀓𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 𑀢𑀼𑀳 𑀳𑀮𑀺𑀅𑀉𑀢𑁆𑀢! 𑀤𑁂 𑀧𑀳𑀭𑀲𑀼 𑀯𑀭𑀸𑀇𑀁 𑁈
dhāvaï purao, pāsesu bhamaï, diṭṭhīpahaṃmi saṃṭhāi.

c. 200 CE – 600 CE, Hāla, Gāhā Sattasaī 456

As soon as you have a supple twig in your hand, she runs in front of you, hovers on either side of you and happens to be wherever you are looking.
You blockhead, can’t you see the poor girl desperately wants a good thrashing?

ṇavalaïkarassa tuha haliaütta! de paharasu varāiṃ .


पुरओ

𑀧𑀼𑀭𑀑 𑀧𑀼𑀭𑀑#Prakrit


𑀧𑀁𑀲𑀼𑀮𑀺𑀆

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">पंसुलिआ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಪಂಸುಲಿಆ</i>

𑀧𑀁𑀲𑀼𑀮𑀺𑀆 (paṃsuliā) (Devanagari पंसुलिआ, Kannada ಪಂಸುಲಿಆ)

paṃsuliā (romanization)
पंसुलिआ (Devanagari)
ಪಂಸುಲಿಆ (Kannada)

desc

Old Marathi: पासोळी (pāsoḷī), पांसोळी (pāṃsoḷī)

Marathi: फासळी (phāsḷī)

Gujarati: પાંસળી (pā̃saḷī)

Hindi: पसली (paslī)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *pérḱus
Proto-Indo-Iranian *párćuš
Sanskrit पर्शु (parśu)
Prakrit 𑀧𑀁𑀲𑀼𑀮𑀺𑀆 (paṃsuliā)
From Sanskrit पर्शु (parśu), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *párćuš, from Proto-Indo-European *pérḱus.


𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">जिब्भा</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">જિબ્ભા</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಜಿಬ್ಭಾ</i>

𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸 (jibbhā) f (Devanagari जिब्भा, Gujarati જિબ્ભા, Kannada ಜಿಬ್ಭಾ)

tlb

(attested in Māhārāṣṭrī, Śaurasenī, Ardhamāgadhī, Helu)

jibbhā (romanization)
जिब्भा (Devanagari)
જિબ્ભા (Gujarati)
ಜಿಬ್ಭಾ (Kannada)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸 (nominative singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀉 (nominative plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀉 (accusative plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀇 (instrumental singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀅 (instrumental singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀇 (genitive singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀅 (genitive singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀇 (locative singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀅 (locative singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂 (singular vocative)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀉 (plural vocative)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸 (plural vocative)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸 (nominative singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀤𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀏 (ablative singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂 (singular vocative)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸 (plural vocative)

Awadhi: जीभ (jībh)

Dhivehi: ދޫ (dū)

Sinhalese: දිව (diwa)

Assamese: জিভা (zibha)

Bengali: জিভ (jibh)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: जीभि (jībhi)

Magahi: 𑂔𑂲𑂦 (jībh)

Maithili: जीहा (jīhā)

Odia: ଜିଭ (jibha)

Sylheti: ꠎꠤꠙꠞꠣ (zifra)

Konkani: जीभ (jībh)

Old Marathi: जीभ (jībha)

Marathi: जीभ (jībh)

Garhwali: जीभ (jībh)

Gujarati: જીભ (jībh)

Hindustani:

Hindi: जीभ (jībh)

Urdu: جیبھ (jībh)

Kumaoni: जीभ (jībh)

Nepali: जिब्रो (jibro)

Punjabi: ਜੀਭ (jībh), ਜਿੱਭ (jibbha)

desctree

Romani: ćhib (“tongue; language”), shib (Anglicized), čhib, śib, șib (Pan-Vlax)
Caló: chipí

Sindhi: جڀا (jibhā)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s
Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰiǵʰwHeh₂influ.?
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáH
Sanskrit जिह्वा (jihvā)
Prakrit 𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸 (jibbhā)
Inherited from Sanskrit जिह्वा (jihvā). Cognate with Pali jivhā.


𑀘𑀉𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀲

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">चउद्दस</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಚಉದ್ದಸ</i>

𑀘𑀉𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀲 (caüddasa) (Devanagari चउद्दस, Kannada ಚಉದ್ದಸ)

caüddasa (romanization)
चउद्दस (Devanagari)
ಚಉದ್ದಸ (Kannada)
𑀲𑀉𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀲 (alternative)

Central:

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:

Awadhi: चौदह (caudah)

Fiji Hindi: chaudah

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Hindi: चौदह (caudah)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: চৈধ্য (soidhyo)

Bengali: চোদ্দ (cōddo)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: चौदह (caudah)

Maithili: चौदह (caudah)

Odia: ଚୌଦ (cauda)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Central Pahari:

Garhwali: चोद्दा (coddā)

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: चौध (caudh)

Western Pahari:

Bhadrawahi: [script needed] (ċudde)

Pangwali: चौधा (caudhā)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

desc

Lahnda: [script needed] (côdā̃), [script needed] (côḍā̃), [script needed] (caudā̆)

Punjabi: caudā̃

Gurmukhi script: ਚੌਦਾਂ

Shahmukhi script: چودَاں

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: coḍ̠ãhã

Arabic script: چوڏَنهَن

Devanagari script: चोॾंहं

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ސައުދަ (sauda), ސާދަ (sāda)

Sinhalese: සුදුස (sudusa), තුදුස (tudusa)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Konkani: coudā

Devanagari script: चोउदा

Kannada script: ಚೊಉದಾ

Latin script: chouda

Marathi: चौदा (ċaudā)

Western:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Saurashtra: ꢗꣁꢮ꣄ꢣꢸ (covdu)

Gujarati: ચૌદ (caud)

Inherited from Sanskrit चतुर्दश (caturdaśa).


𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">पालक्का</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಪಾಲಕ್ಕಾ</i>

𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (pālakkā) (Devanagari पालक्का, Kannada ಪಾಲಕ್ಕಾ)

pālakkā (romanization)
पालक्का (Devanagari)
ಪಾಲಕ್ಕಾ (Kannada)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (nominative singular)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀉 (nominative plural)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀉 (accusative plural)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀇 (instrumental singular)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀅 (instrumental singular)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀇 (genitive singular)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀅 (genitive singular)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀇 (locative singular)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀅 (locative singular)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂 (singular vocative)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀉 (plural vocative)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (plural vocative)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (nominative singular)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀤𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀏 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂 (singular vocative)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (plural vocative)

Kashmiri: پالَکھ / पालख (pālakh)

Sindhi: پالَڪَ

Punjabi: ਪਾਲਕ (pālak)

Hindustani: pālak

Hindi: पालक (pālak)

Urdu: پالَک (pālak)

Gujarati: પાલક (pālak)

Konkani: पालक (pālak)

Marathi: पालक (pālak)

Inherited from Sanskrit पालक्या (pālakyā).


𑀚𑀮

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">जल</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">જલ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಜಲ</i>

𑀚𑀮 (jala) (Devanagari जल, Gujarati જલ, Kannada ಜಲ)

tlb

(attested in Māhārāṣṭrī, Śaurasenī, Ardhamāgadhī)

jala (romanization)
जल (Devanagari)
જલ (Gujarati)
ಜಲ (Kannada)
𑀚𑀮𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀚𑀮𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀚𑀮𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀚𑀮𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀚𑀮𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀚𑀮𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀚𑀮𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀚𑀮𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀚𑀮𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀚𑀮𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀚𑀮𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀚𑀮𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀚𑀮𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀚𑀮𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀚𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀚𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀚𑀮𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀚𑀮𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀚𑀮𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀚𑀮𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀚𑀮𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀚𑀮𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀚𑀮𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀚𑀮 (singular vocative)
𑀚𑀮𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀚𑀮𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀚𑀮𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)

Assamese: জল (zol)

Bengali: জল (jol)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: زَل (zal, “urine”)

Hindustani:

Hindi: जल (jal)

Urdu: جل

Marathi: जल (jal)

Nepali: जल (jal)

Pali: jala

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਜਲ (jal)

Shahmukhi script: جل (jal)

Sylheti: ꠎꠟ (zol)


𑀤𑀲

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">दस</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ದಸ</i>

dasa (romanization)
दस (Devanagari)
ದಸ (Kannada)
𑀤𑀰 (alternative)
𑀤𑀳 (alternative)

Gujarati: દશ (daś), દસ (das)

Saurashtra: ꢣꢾꢱ꣄ꢱꢸ (dessu)

Old Hindi:

Hindustani:

Hindi: दस (das)

Urdu: دس (das)

Nepali: दस (das), दश (daś)

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਦਸ (das)

Shahmukhi script: دس (das)

Marwari: दाह (dāh)

desc

Romani: deś, desh (Anglicized), deš (Pan-Vlax)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥
Proto-Indo-Iranian *dáća
Sanskrit दश (daśa)
Prakrit 𑀤𑀲 (dasa)
Inherited from Sanskrit दश (daśa), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dáća, from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥.


𑀲𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀺

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">सट्ठि</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಸಟ್ಠಿ</i>

𑀲𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀺 (saṭṭhi) (Devanagari सट्ठि, Kannada ಸಟ್ಠಿ)

tlb

(attested in Śaurasenī, Māhārāṣṭrī, Māgadhī)

saṭṭhi (romanization)
सट्ठि (Devanagari)
ಸಟ್ಠಿ (Kannada)
𑀲𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀺𑀁 (alternative)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Hindustani:

Hindi: साठ (sāṭh)

Urdu: ساٹھ (sāṭh)

Old Gujarati: साठि (sāṭhi)

Gujarati: સાઠ (sāṭh)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਸੱਠ (saṭṭha)

Northern:

Nepali: साठ (sāṭh)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

desc

Middle Bengali: ষাঠি (śaṭhi), ষাটি (śaṭi)

Bengali: ষাইট (śaiṭ), ষাট (śaṭ)

Assamese: ষাঠি (xathi)

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ހައްޓި (haṭṭi)

Sinhalese: හැට (hæṭa)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Old Marathi: 𑘭𑘰𑘙 (sāṭha)

Marathi: साठ (sāṭh)

Konkani: साठ (sāṭh)

Inherited from Sanskrit षष्टि (ṣaṣṭi), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *ṣwaṭṣHtí, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *šwaćšHtí, from Proto-Indo-European *swéḱsh₁ḱomt (“six-ten”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἑξήκοντα (hexḗkonta), Latin sexāgintā.


𑀓𑁂𑀭

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">केर</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಕೇರ</i>

𑀓𑁂𑀭 (kera) (Devanagari केर, Kannada ಕೇರ)

kera (romanization)
केर (Devanagari)
ಕೇರ (Kannada)
-𑀓𑁂𑀭 (alternative)
𑀓𑁂𑀭𑀬 (alternative)
𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀺𑀬 (alternative)

Eastern:

Maithili: केर (kēr)

Bengali: -এর (-er)

Assamese: -অৰ (-or)

Odia: -ର (-ra)

Central:

desc

Old Hindi: कर (kara), केरा (kerā), केरी (kerī) (indicating genitive of possession)

Old Gujarati: केर (kera), केरउं (keraüṃ)

Gujarati: કેરું (kerũ)

Apabhramsa: मेर (mera), महारिय (mahāriya), अम्हार (amhāra), तुहर (tuhara), तुम्हार (tumhāra) (see there for further descendants)

Probably grammaticalized from Sanskrit कार्य (kārya, “effect, end, aim”) (from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kā́ryas (“to be done”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷór-yo-s, from the root *kʷer- (“to do, make”)), through metathesis of -āry- > -āyr- > -er-. Doublet of 𑀓𑀚𑁆𑀚 (kajja).

inh

Sauraseni 𑀫𑀫 (mama, “of me”, genitive of 𑀅𑀳𑀁 (ahaṃ)) + 𑀓𑁂𑀭 (kera) → 𑀫𑀫𑀓𑁂𑀭 (mamakera, “my, concerning me”)

a suffix appended to nouns and particularly to pronouns to indicate possession


𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀭𑀲

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">पण्णरस</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಪಣ್ಣರಸ</i>

𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀭𑀲 (paṇṇarasa) (Devanagari पण्णरस, Kannada ಪಣ್ಣರಸ)

paṇṇarasa (romanization)
पण्णरस (Devanagari)
ಪಣ್ಣರಸ (Kannada)

Central:

desc

Sauraseni Apabhramsa: पण्णरह (paṇṇaraha)

Hindustani:

Hindi: पंद्रह (pandrah)

Urdu: پَنْدْرَہ (pandrah)

Fiji Hindi: pandrah

Punjabi: ਪੰਦਰਾਂ (pandrā̃) / Punjabi: پَندراں (pandrāṉ)

Gujarati: પંદર (pandar)

Saurashtra: ꢧꢥ꣄ꢣ꣄ꢬꣁ (phandro)

Northern:

Nepali: पन्ध्र (pandhra)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: পোন্ধৰ (pündhor)

Bengali: পনেরো (ponerō)

Odia: ପନ୍ଦର (pandara)

Rohingya: 𐴉𐴟𐴕𐴊𐴡𐴤𐴌𐴡 (fundóro)

Sylheti: ꠙꠘ꠆ꠗꠧ (fondó)

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ފަނަރަ (fanara)

Sinhalese: පහළොව (pahaḷowa)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Marathi: पंधरा (pandhrā)

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀧𑀁𑀘𑀤𑀲 (paṃcadasa), from Sanskrit पञ्चदश (pañcadaśa).


𑀔𑁂𑀮𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">खेलइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಖೇಲಇ</i>

𑀔𑁂𑀮𑀇 (khelaï) (Devanagari खेलइ, Kannada ಖೇಲಇ)

khelaï (romanization)
खेलइ (Devanagari)
ಖೇಲಇ (Kannada)
𑀔𑁂𑀮𑀤𑀺 (alternative)
𑀔𑁂𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀇 (alternative)
𑀔𑀺𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀇 (alternative)
𑀔𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀇 (alternative)
*𑀔𑁂𑀟𑀇 (alternative)
*𑀔𑀺𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀇 (alternative)
*𑀔𑀻𑀮𑀇 (alternative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani: khelnā

Hindi: खेलना

desc

Urdu: کھیلنا

Urdu: کھیلنا

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Assamese: খেলা (khela)

Bengali: খেলা (khela)

Odia: ଖେଳିବା (kheḷibā)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: खेल्नु (khelnu)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Konkani: खेळ्चे (kheḷce)

Old Marathi: 𑘏𑘹𑘯𑘜𑘹 (kheḷaṇe), 𑘎𑘿𑘬𑘹𑘯𑘜𑘹 (kṣeḷaṇe)

Marathi: खेळणे (kheḷṇe)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: ખેળો (kheḷo)

→ Sanskrit: खेलति (khelati), क्ष्वेलति (kṣvelati)

Uncertain. Classical Sanskrit खेलति (khelati, “to shake”), क्ष्वेलति (kṣvelati), केलि (keli, “play, sport”), etc are derived from Prakrit by Sanskritization.
Of unclear relation with Vedic Sanskrit क्रीळ॑ति (krī́ḷati, “plays”), the source of later Sanskrit क्रीडति (krīḍati) and Prakrit 𑀓𑀻𑀟𑀇 (kīḍaï), 𑀓𑀻𑀮𑀇 (kīlaï), 𑀓𑀺𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀇 (kiḍḍaï), which is itself of unclear origin. It is thus possible that this group of terms is of substrate origin or influenced by a subtrate term.


𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀻

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">राणी</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">રાણી</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ರಾಣೀ</i>

𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀻 (rāṇī) (Devanagari राणी, Gujarati રાણી, Kannada ರಾಣೀ)

tlb

(attested in Māhārāṣṭrī, Śaurasenī, Ardhamāgadhī)

rāṇī (romanization)
राणी (Devanagari)
રાણી (Gujarati)
ರಾಣೀ (Kannada)
𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀻 (nominative singular)
𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀻𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀻 (nominative plural)
𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀺𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀻𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀻 (accusative plural)
𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀻𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀻𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀻𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀻𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀻𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀻𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀻𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀻𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀻𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀻𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀻𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀺 (singular vocative)
𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀻 (singular vocative)
𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀻𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀻 (plural vocative)

Marathi: राणी (rāṇī)


𑀧𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀭

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">पत्थर</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಪತ್ಥರ</i>

𑀧𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀭 (patthara) m (Devanagari पत्थर, Kannada ಪತ್ಥರ)

tlb

(attested in Śaurasenī, Māhārāṣṭrī, Māgadhī)

patthara (romanization)
पत्थर (Devanagari)
ಪತ್ಥರ (Kannada)

Eastern:

Assamese: পাথৰ (pathor)

Bengali: পাথর (pathôr)

Sylheti: ꠙꠣꠔ꠆ꠕꠞ (fattór)

Central:

Old Hindi: पाथर (pāthara)

Northwestern:

Punjabi:

desc

Gurmukhi script: ਪੱਥਰ (patthar, “stone, rock”)

Shahmukhi script: پتھر (patthar, “stone, rock”)

→ Gujarati: પથ્થર (paththar)

→ Marathi: पत्थर (patthar, “stone, rock”)

→ Hindi: पत्थर (patthar, “stone, rock”)

→ Urdu: پتھر (patthar, “stone, rock”)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *per-
Proto-Indo-European *pró
Proto-Indo-European *pro-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *pra-
Sanskrit प्र- (pra-)
Proto-Indo-European *ster-
Proto-Indo-European *sterh₃-
Sanskrit स्तर (stara)
Sanskrit प्रस्तर (prastara)
Prakrit 𑀧𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀭 (patthara)
Inherited from Sanskrit प्रस्तर (prastara). Cognate with Pali patthara.


𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">हड्ड</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಹಡ್ಡ</i>

𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟 (haḍḍa) n (Devanagari हड्ड, Kannada ಹಡ್ಡ)

haḍḍa (romanization)
हड्ड (Devanagari)
ಹಡ್ಡ (Kannada)
𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟 (singular vocative)
𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

desc

Hindi: हाड़ (hāṛ), हड्डा (haḍḍā), हड्डी (haḍḍī)

Urdu: ہَڈَّا (haḍḍā), ہَڈِّی (haḍḍī)

Urdu: ہَڈَّا (haḍḍā), ہَڈِّی (haḍḍī)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali-Assamese:

Assamese: হাড় (har)

Bengali: হাড় (haṛ)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: हाड़ (hāṛ)

Maithili: हाड़ (hāṛ)

Odia: ହାଡ (hāḍa)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: हाड़ (hāṛ)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi: (haḍḍa, haḍḍā, haḍḍī)

Gurmukhi script: ਹੱਡ, ਹੱਡਾ, ਹੱਡੀ

Shahmukhi script: ہڈ, ہڈا, ہڈی

→ Baluchi: ہڈ (haďď)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Old Marathi:

Marathi: हाड (hāḍ)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Malvi: हाड़ (hāṛ)

Gujarati: હાડ (hāḍ), હાડકું (hāḍkũ)

→ Sanskrit: हड्ड (haḍḍa)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁
Proto-Indo-Iranian *HástʰH
Sanskrit अस्थि॑ (ásthi)?
Prakrit 𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟 (haḍḍa)
Uncertain.
* Per Bloch, inherited from Sanskrit अस्थि॑ (ásthi, “bone”), undergoing unexpected retroflexion (but compare अष्ठीवत् (aṣṭhīvat, “shank, shin”)) and voicing. This is doubted by Turner and Mayrhofer.
Sanskrit हड्ड (haḍḍa) is probably a Sanskritisation.


𑀫𑀼𑀁𑀘𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">मुंचइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಮುಂಚಇ</i>

𑀫𑀼𑀁𑀘𑀇 (muṃcaï) (Devanagari मुंचइ, Kannada ಮುಂಚಇ)

muṃcaï (romanization)
मुंचइ (Devanagari)
ಮುಂಚಇ (Kannada)
𑀫𑀼𑀁𑀘𑀤𑀺 (alternative)

Inherited from Sanskrit मुञ्चति (muñcati).


𑀘𑀸𑀆𑀮𑀻𑀲

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">चाआलीस</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಚಾಆಲೀಸ</i>

𑀘𑀸𑀆𑀮𑀻𑀲 (cāālīsa) (Devanagari चाआलीस, Kannada ಚಾಆಲೀಸ)

cāālīsa (romanization)
चाआलीस (Devanagari)
ಚಾಆಲೀಸ (Kannada)

Central:

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:

Awadhi: चालीस (cālīs)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Hindustani: cālīs

Hindi: चालीस

Urdu: چَالِیس (cālīs)

Hindi: चाळीस (cāḷīs)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: চল্লিছ (sollis)

Bengali: চল্লিশ (colliś)

Bihari: चालीस (cālīs)

Bhojpuri: चालीस (cālīs)

Odia: ଚାଳିସ (cāḷisa)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Central Pahari:

Garhwali: चाळीस (cāḷīs)

Kumaoni: चालीस (cālīs)

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: चालिस (cālis)

Western Pahari:

Bhadrawahi: चालि (cāli)

Bhattiyali: चाळी (cāḷī)

Churahi: चाळ्ही (cāḷhī)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Lahnda: چالی (cālī), چالھی (cālhī)

Punjabi: [script needed] (cālī)

Gurmukhi script: ਚਾਲੀ

Shahmukhi script: چَالِی

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: cālīha

Arabic script: چَالِيهَ

Devanagari script: चालीह

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ސާޅީސް (sāḷīs)

Sinhalese: සතළිහ (sataḷiha)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Marathi: चाळीस (ċāḷīs)

Western:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Saurashtra: ꢗꢳꢷꢱ꣄ (caḷīs)

Old Gujarati:

Gujarati: ચાળીશ (cāḷīś)

Old Marwari: च्यारीस (cyārīs)

Alteration of 𑀘𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀮𑀻𑀲𑀁 (cattālīsaṃ), from Sanskrit चत्वारिंशत् (catvāriṃśat). The loss of -tt- parallels its loss in 𑀘𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀭𑀺 (cattari) > Old Hindi चारि (cāri), etc, probably through inflected forms like चतुरः (caturaḥ), where the intervocalic -t- would be regularly lost.


𑀠𑀮𑀇

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">ढलइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಢಲಇ</i>

𑀠𑀮𑀇 (ḍhalaï) (Devanagari ढलइ, Kannada ಢಲಇ)

ḍhalaï (romanization)
ढलइ (Devanagari)
ಢಲಇ (Kannada)

Punjabi: ਢਲਣਾ / ڈھلݨا (ḍhalṇā)

Nepali: ढल्नु (ḍhalnu)

Bengali: ঢলা (ḍhola)

Sylheti: ꠓꠣꠟꠣ (ḍála)

Hindi: ढलना (ḍhalnā)

Urdu: ڈھلنا (ḍhalnā)

Marathi: ढळणे (ḍhaḷṇe)

Gujarati: ઢળવું (ḍhaḷvũ)

Punjabi: ਢਲਕਨਾ / ڈھلکنا (ḍhalaknā)

Nepali: ढल्कनु (ḍhalkanu)

Bengali: ঢলকা (ḍholoka)

Hindi: ढलकना (ḍhalaknā)

Urdu: ڈھالکنا (ḍhalaknā)

Prakrit verb set
 𑀠𑀮𑀇 (ḍhalaï)
 𑀠𑀸𑀮𑀇 (ḍhālaï)
Possibly inherited from Sanskrit ध्वरति (dhvarati), from the root ध्वृ (dhvṛ), but also compare the reconstructed *𑀟𑀸𑀮𑀇 (*ḍālaï, “pours, puts”) and *𑀠𑀼𑀮𑀇 (*ḍhulaï, “bends, falls”).


𑀛𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀞

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">झुट्ठ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಝುಟ್ಠ</i>

𑀛𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀞 (jhuṭṭha) (Devanagari झुट्ठ, Kannada ಝುಟ್ಠ)

tlb

(attested in Śaurasenī, Māhārāṣṭrī, Māgadhī)

jhuṭṭha (romanization)
झुट्ठ (Devanagari)
ಝುಟ್ಠ (Kannada)
𑀚𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀞 (alternative)

Central:

Hindustani:

Hindi: झूठ (jhūṭh)

Urdu: جھوٹھ (jhūṭh)

Gujarati: જૂઠું (jūṭhũ)

Punjabi: ਝੂਠ (jhūṭh)

Northern:

Nepali: झुट (jhuṭ)

Eastern:

Bengali: ঝুঁঠ (jhũṭh)

Odia: ଝୁଠ (jhuṭha)

Uncertain. Turner postulates original long ū and connects this term with Parachi [script needed] (ǰuṭ, “concealed”) and [script needed] (ǰuṭī, “theft”).
Supposing the form with unaspirated j- was original, then possibly from (or at least influenced by) 𑀚𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀞 (juṭṭha, “used, *defiled”), from Sanskrit जुष्ट (juṣṭa, “tasted, enjoyed, used”). The intermediate meaning of "defiled" is attested by Nepali जुठो (juṭho, “defiled, unchaste”) and Marathi झुटा (jhuṭā, “defiled”), the latter of which also shares a spurious aspirated jh-. For the semantic drift, compare the possible development of English bad from Old English bǣdan (“to defile”).


𑀫𑀲𑀸𑀡

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">मसाण</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಮಸಾಣ</i>

𑀫𑀲𑀸𑀡 (masāṇa) n (Devanagari मसाण, Kannada ಮಸಾಣ)

masāṇa (romanization)
मसाण (Devanagari)
ಮಸಾಣ (Kannada)
𑀫𑀲𑀸𑀡𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀫𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀫𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀫𑀲𑀸𑀡𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑀲𑀸𑀡𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑀲𑀸𑀡𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑀲𑀸𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑀲𑀸𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀫𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀫𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀫𑀲𑀸𑀡𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀫𑀲𑀸𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀫𑀲𑀸𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀫𑀲𑀸𑀡 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀸 (plural vocative)
𑀫𑀲𑀸𑀡𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀫𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀫𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀫𑀲𑀸𑀡𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑀲𑀸𑀡𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑀲𑀸𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀤𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀫𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑀲𑀸𑀡𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀫𑀲𑀸𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀫𑀲𑀸𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀫𑀲𑀸𑀡 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀸 (plural vocative)
𑀫𑀰𑀸𑀡 (alternative)
𑀲𑀼𑀲𑀸𑀡 (alternative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

Hindi: मसान (masān)

Urdu: مَسَان (masān)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali-Assamese:

Bengali: মশান (mośan)

Odia: ମଶାଣ (maśāṇa)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: मसान (masān)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Kachchi: મસાણ (masāṇ)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: مساڻُ (masāṇu)

Devanagari script: मसाणु (masāṇu)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Konkani: मसण (masaṇ)

Old Marathi:

desc

Devanagari script: मसण (masaṇa), मसन (masana)

Modi script: 𑘦𑘭𑘜 (masaṇa), 𑘦𑘭𑘡 (masana)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: મસાણ (masāṇ)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit श्म॒शा॒न (śmaśāná)
Prakrit 𑀫𑀲𑀸𑀡 (masāṇa)
Inherited from Sanskrit श्म॒शा॒न (śmaśāná). Cognate with Pali susāna.


𑀨𑀸𑀮

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">फाल</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಫಾಲ</i>

𑀨𑀸𑀮 (phāla) (Devanagari फाल, Kannada ಫಾಲ)

phāla (romanization)
फाल (Devanagari)
ಫಾಲ (Kannada)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

desc

Hindi: फाल (phāl), फाला (phālā), फार (phār), फारा (phārā)

Urdu: پھال (phāl), پھالا (phālā), پھار (phār), پھارا (phārā)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Assamese: ফাল (phal)

Bengali: ফাল (phal)

Odia: ଫାଳ (phāḷa), ଫାର (phāra)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: फार (phār)

Maithili: फार (phār), फारा (phārā)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Bhadrawahi: फाल् (phāl)

Jaunsari: फावा (phāvā), फाळा (phāḷā)

Kumaoni: फालो (phālo), फाव् (phāw)

Nepali: फालि (phāli)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਫਾਲਾ (phālā), ਫਾਲੀ (phālī)

Shahmukhi script: پھالا (phālā), پھالِی (phālī)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: ڦارُ (phāru)

Devanagari script: फारु (phāru)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Marathi: फाळ (phāḷ)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit फाल (phāla)
Prakrit 𑀨𑀸𑀮 (phāla)
Inherited from Sanskrit फाल (phāla).


𑀪𑀫𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">भमइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಭಮಇ</i>

𑀪𑀫𑀇 (bhamaï) (Devanagari भमइ, Kannada ಭಮಇ)

bhamaï (romanization)
भमइ (Devanagari)
ಭಮಇ (Kannada)
𑀪𑀫𑀤𑀺 (alternative)

Inherited from Sanskrit भ्रमति (bhramati). Cognate with Pali bhamati

inh+

𑀥𑀸𑀯𑀇 𑀧𑀼𑀭𑀑, 𑀧𑀸𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀼 𑀪𑀫𑀇, 𑀤𑀺𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀻𑀧𑀳𑀁𑀫𑀺 𑀲𑀁𑀞𑀸𑀇𑁇
𑀡𑀯𑀮𑀇𑀓𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 𑀢𑀼𑀳 𑀳𑀮𑀺𑀅𑀉𑀢𑁆𑀢! 𑀤𑁂 𑀧𑀳𑀭𑀲𑀼 𑀯𑀭𑀸𑀇𑀁 𑁈
dhāvaï purao, pāsesu bhamaï, diṭṭhīpahaṃmi saṃṭhāi.


𑀩𑀸𑀭𑀲

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">बारस</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">બારસ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಬಾರಸ</i>

𑀩𑀸𑀭𑀲 (bārasa) (Devanagari बारस, Gujarati બારસ, Kannada ಬಾರಸ)

tlb

(attested in Ardhamāgadhī, Māhārāṣṭrī, Śaurasenī)

bārasa (romanization)
बारस (Devanagari)
બારસ (Gujarati)
ಬಾರಸ (Kannada)
𑀩𑀸𑀭𑀳 (alternative)

Eastern:

Fiji Hindi: baarah

Assamese: বাৰ (bar)

Bengali: বারো (barō)

Bishnupriya Manipuri: বারো (baro)

Odia: ବାର (bāra)

→ Dhivehi: ބާރަ (bāra) (semi-learned)

Southern:

desc

Old Marathi: 𑘤𑘰𑘨𑘰 (bārā), 𑘤𑘰𑘨𑘭𑘲 (bārasī), 𑘤𑘰𑘨𑘭𑘹𑘽 (bāraseṃ)

Marathi: बारा (bārā), बारस (bāras), बारसे (bārse)

Central:

Gujarati: બાર (bār)

Saurashtra: ꢨꢵꢬꢾ (bāre)

Hindustani:

Hindi: बारह (bārah), बारस (bāras)

Urdu: بارہ (bārah)

Nepali: बाह्र (bāhra)

Punjabi: ਬਾਰਾਂ (bārā̃)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁
Proto-Indo-Iranian *dwáH
Sanskrit द्व (dva)
Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥
Proto-Indo-Iranian *dáća
Sanskrit दश (daśa)
Sanskrit द्वादश (dvādaśa)
Prakrit 𑀩𑀸𑀭𑀲 (bārasa)
Inherited from Sanskrit द्वादश (dvādaśa).


𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀯𑀻𑀲

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">सत्तावीस</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">સત્તાવીસ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಸತ್ತಾವೀಸ</i>

𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀯𑀻𑀲 (sattāvīsa) (Devanagari सत्तावीस, Gujarati સત્તાવીસ, Kannada ಸತ್ತಾವೀಸ)

tlb

(attested in Ardhamāgadhī, Śaurasenī, Māhārāṣṭrī)

sattāvīsa (romanization)
सत्तावीस (Devanagari)
સત્તાવીસ (Gujarati)
ಸತ್ತಾವೀಸ (Kannada)

Central:

Hindustani:

Hindi: सत्ताईस (sattāīs)

Urdu: ستائیس (sattāīs)

Western:

desctree

Gujarati: સત્તાવીસ (sattāvīs), સત્તાવીશ (sattāvīś)
→ Dhivehi: ހަތާވީސް (hatāvīs), ށަތާވީސް (ṣatāvīs)

Southern:

Marathi: सत्तावीस (sattāvīs)

Inherited from Sanskrit सप्तविंशति (saptaviṃśati).


𑀝𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀇

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">टुट्टइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಟುಟ್ಟಇ</i>

pra-head

𑀝𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀇 (ṭuṭṭaï) (Devanagari टुट्टइ, Kannada ಟುಟ್ಟಇ) (intransitive)

ṭuṭṭaï (romanization)
टुट्टइ (Devanagari)
ಟುಟ್ಟಇ (Kannada)
𑀢𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀇 (alternative)
𑀝𑀺𑀉𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀇 (alternative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Awadhi: टूटब (ṭūṭab)

Hindustani:

desc

Hindi: तूटना (tūṭnā), टूटना (ṭūṭnā)

Hindi: तूटना (tūṭnā), टूटना (ṭūṭnā)

Urdu: توٹنا, ٹوٹنا

Urdu: توٹنا, ٹوٹنا

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Assamese: টুট্ (tut)

Bengali: টুটা (ṭuṭa)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: टूटल (ṭūṭal)

Maithili: टुटब (ṭuṭab)

Odia: ତୁଟିବା (tuṭibā), ଟୁଟିବା (ṭuṭibā)

Odia: ତୁଟିବା (tuṭibā), ଟୁଟିବା (ṭuṭibā)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Bhadrawahi: टुट्ट्णु (ṭuṭṭṇu)

Kumaoni: टुट्णो (ṭuṭṇo)

Nepali: टुट्नु (ṭuṭnu)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਤਰੁੱਟਣਾ (taruṭṭaṇā), ਟੁੱਟਣਾ (ṭuṭṭaṇā)

Shahmukhi script: تَرُٹّْنَا (taruṭṭnā), ٹُٹّْنَا (ṭuṭṭnā)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: ٽرُٽَڻُ (ṭruṭaṇu)

Devanagari script: ट्रुटणु (ṭruṭaṇu)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Konkani: tuṭap

Devanagari script: तुटप

Latin script: tuttop

Kannada script: ತುಟಪ್

Marathi: तुटणे (tuṭṇe)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: તુટવું (tuṭvũ), ટુટવું (ṭuṭvũ)

→ Sanskrit: त्रुटति (truṭati), त्रुट्यति (truṭyati)

Prakrit verb set
 𑀝𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀇 (ṭuṭṭaï)
 𑀢𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇 (toḍei)
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *terd-
Sanskrit तृद् (tṛd)
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *-tás
Sanskrit -त (-ta)
Prakrit 𑀢𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝 (tuṭṭa)
Prakrit -𑀅𑀇 (-aï)
Prakrit 𑀝𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀇 (ṭuṭṭaï)
Denominal verb of 𑀢𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝 (tuṭṭa, “broken”) + -𑀅𑀇 (-aï), from Sanskrit *तृत्त (tṛtta, “split”), from तृद् (tṛd, “to cleave, split”) + -त (-ta). Compare the participle तृण्ण (tṛṇṇa) with a different suffix.


𑀧𑀺𑀬

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">पिय</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">પિય</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಪಿಯ</i>

𑀧𑀺𑀬 (piya) m (Devanagari पिय, Gujarati પિય, Kannada ಪಿಯ)

tlb

(attested in Ardhamāgadhī, Māgadhī, Śaurasenī, Māhārāṣṭrī)

piya (romanization)
पिय (Devanagari)
પિય (Gujarati)
ಪಿಯ (Kannada)
𑀧𑀺𑀅 (alternative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *preyH-
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-European *priHós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *priHás
Sanskrit प्रिय (priya)
Prakrit 𑀧𑀺𑀬 (piya)
Inherited from Sanskrit प्रिय (priyá), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *priHyás (“dear, beloved”).


𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀭𑀲

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">सत्तरस</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">સત્તરસ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಸತ್ತರಸ</i>

𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀭𑀲 (sattarasa) (Devanagari सत्तरस, Gujarati સત્તરસ, Kannada ಸತ್ತರಸ)

tlb

(attested in Śaurasenī, Māhārāṣṭrī, Ardhamāgadhī)

sattarasa (romanization)
सत्तरस (Devanagari)
સત્તરસ (Gujarati)
ಸತ್ತರಸ (Kannada)

Northern:

Nepali: सत्र (satra)

Central:

desc

Sauraseni Apabhramsa: सत्तरह (sattaraha)

Old Hindi:

Hindi: सत्तरह (sattarah), सत्रह (satrah)

Urdu: سترہ (satrah)

Old Gujarati: सत्तरि (sattari)

Gujarati: સત્તર (sattar)

Southern:

Old Marathi:

Marathi: सतरा (satrā)

Inherited from Sanskrit सप्तदश (saptadaśa).


𑀢𑁂𑀭𑀲

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">तेरस</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">તેરસ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ತೇರಸ</i>

𑀢𑁂𑀭𑀲 (terasa) (Devanagari तेरस, Gujarati તેરસ, Kannada ತೇರಸ)

terasa (romanization)
तेरस (Devanagari)
તેરસ (Gujarati)
ತೇರಸ (Kannada)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:

Awadhi: तेरा (terā)

Fiji Hindi: terah

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ތޭރަ (tēra)

Sinhalese: තෙර (tera)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: তেৰ (ter)

Bengali: তেরো (terō)

Bislama:

Bhojpuri: तेरह (tērah)

Maithili: तेरह (terah)

Odia: ତେର (tera)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Konkani: तेरा (terā)

desc

Old Marathi: तेरस (terasa), तेरह (teraha)

Marathi: तेरा (terā)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Garhwali: तेह्र (tehra)

Gujarati: તેર (ter)

Hindustani:

Hindi: तेरह (terah)

Urdu: تیرہ (terah)

Marwari: तेरा (terā)

Nepali: तेह्र (tehra)

Punjabi: ਤੇਰਾਂ (terā̃)

Sindhi: तेरंहं (terãhã)

Saurashtra: ꢡꢿꢬꢸ (tēru)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *tráyazdaśa (“thirteen”). Compare Sanskrit त्रयोदश (trayodaśa).


𑀅𑀉𑀡𑀯𑀻𑀲

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">अउणवीस</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಅಉಣವೀಸ</i>

𑀅𑀉𑀡𑀯𑀻𑀲 (aüṇavīsa) (Devanagari अउणवीस, Kannada ಅಉಣವೀಸ)

aüṇavīsa (romanization)
अउणवीस (Devanagari)
ಅಉಣವೀಸ (Kannada)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: উনৈশ (unoix)

Bengali: উনিশ (uniś)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: उन्नीस (unnīs)

Urdu: انیس (unnīs)

desc

→ Gujarati: ઓગણીસ (ogaṇīs) (semi-learned)

Punjabi: ਉਨ੍ਹੀ (unhī)

→ Nepali: उन्नीस (unnīs) (semi-learned)

Maharastri Prakrit:

→ Marathi: एकोणीस (ekoṇīs) (semi-learned)

Derived from Sanskrit एकोनविंशति (ekonaviṃśati), via contraction. Some descendants are more accurately from Sanskrit ऊनविंशति (ūnaviṃśati), which is not attested in Prakrit.


𑀏𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀯𑀻𑀲

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">एक्कवीस</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಎಕ್ಕವೀಸ</i>

𑀏𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀯𑀻𑀲 (ĕkkavīsa) (Devanagari एक्कवीस, Kannada ಎಕ್ಕವೀಸ)

ĕkkavīsa (romanization)
एक्कवीस (Devanagari)
ಎಕ್ಕವೀಸ (Kannada)
𑀏𑀕𑀯𑀻𑀲 (alternative)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: একৈছ (ekois)

Bengali: একুশ (ekuś)

Odia: ଏକୋଇଶ (ekoiśa)

Sylheti: ꠄꠇꠂꠡ (exoiśo)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Old Marathi: 𑘊𑘎𑘪𑘲𑘭 (ekavīsa)

Marathi: एकवीस (ekvīs)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀏𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀯𑀻𑀲𑀻 (ekkavīsī)

Gujarati: એકવીસ (ekavīs)

Hindustani:

Hindi: इक्कीस (ikkīs)

Urdu: اکیس (ikkīs)

Nepali: एक्काईस (ekkāīs)

Punjabi: ਇੱਕੀ (ikkī) / اِکّی (ikkī)

Sindhi: एकीह / ايڪِيهَ (ekīha)

→ Dhivehi: އެކާވީސް (ekāvīs)

Inherited from Sanskrit एकविंशति (ekaviṃśati).


𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀢

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">अण्णत्त</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಅಣ್ಣತ್ತ</i>

𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀢 (aṇṇatta) (Devanagari अण्णत्त, Kannada ಅಣ್ಣತ್ತ)

aṇṇatta (romanization)
अण्णत्त (Devanagari)
ಅಣ್ಣತ್ತ (Kannada)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣 (alternative)

Awadhi: अंते (ante)

Chhattisgarhi: अंते (ante)

Nepali: अन्त (anta)

Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀅𑀦𑁆𑀬𑀢𑁆𑀭 (anyatra). Cognate with Pali aññatra, aññattha.

inh+

𑀧𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀽𑀲𑀸𑀕𑀅 𑀭𑀁𑀚𑀺𑀅-𑀤𑁂𑀳 𑀧𑀺𑀆𑀮𑁄𑀅 𑀮𑁄𑀅𑀡-𑀆𑀡𑀁𑀤 𑁇
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀢-𑀔𑀯𑀺𑀅-𑀲𑀯𑁆𑀯𑀭𑀺 𑀡𑀳-𑀪𑀽𑀲𑀡 𑀤𑀺𑀡𑀯𑀇 𑀡𑀫𑁄 𑀤𑁂 𑁈𑁬𑁫𑁫𑁈
paccūsāgaa raṃjia-deha piāloa loaṇa-āṇaṃda .

c. 200 CE – 600 CE, Hāla, Gāhā Sattasaī 655

2009 translation by Peter Khoroche and Herman Tieken
655. What a feast for the eyes,
When you return at dawn
Red all over
Having spent the night elsewhere. Ornament of the sky,
Lord of the day,
We bow before you humbly.

aṇṇatta-khavia-savvari ṇaha-bhūsaṇa diṇavaï ṇamo de .655.


𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">अण्णत्थ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಅಣ್ಣತ್ಥ</i>

𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣 (aṇṇattha) (Devanagari अण्णत्थ, Kannada ಅಣ್ಣತ್ಥ)

aṇṇattha (romanization)
अण्णत्थ (Devanagari)
ಅಣ್ಣತ್ಥ (Kannada)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣 (singular vocative)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸 (plural vocative)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸 (nominative singular)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀉 (nominative plural)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀉 (accusative plural)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀇 (instrumental singular)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀅 (instrumental singular)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀇 (genitive singular)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀅 (genitive singular)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀇 (locative singular)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀅 (locative singular)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂 (singular vocative)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀉 (plural vocative)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸 (plural vocative)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣 (singular vocative)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit अन्यस्थ (anyastha). By surface analysis, 𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡 (aṇṇa) + -𑀢𑁆𑀣 (-ttha).

surf

c. 200 CE – 600 CE, Hāla, Gāhā Sattasaī


𑀘𑀲𑀇

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">चसइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಚಸಇ</i>

𑀘𑀲𑀇 (casaï) (Devanagari चसइ, Kannada ಚಸಇ)

casaï (romanization)
चसइ (Devanagari)
ಚಸಇ (Kannada)
𑀘𑀲𑀤𑀺 (alternative)

desc

→ Sanskrit: चषति (caṣati, “eats”) (by Sanskritization)

*𑀘𑀲-𑀓𑁆𑀓-𑀓 (*casa-kka-ka)

Hindi: चसका (caskā, “taste”)

Cheung and Turner believe that this is a late borrowing from Proto-Iranian *čašati (“tastes”), whence Classical Persian چَشِیدَن (čašīdan).


भमइ

Devanagari script form of 𑀪𑀫𑀇 (“to roam, wander, walk around”)


जलइ

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<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಜಲಇ</i>

Devanagari script form of 𑀚𑀮𑀇 (“to burn; to shine”)


𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">वच्छल</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ವಚ್ಛಲ</i>

𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮 (vacchala) (Devanagari वच्छल, Kannada ವಚ್ಛಲ)

vacchala (romanization)
वच्छल (Devanagari)
ವಚ್ಛಲ (Kannada)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮 (singular vocative)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸 (plural vocative)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸 (nominative singular)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸𑀉 (nominative plural)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸𑀉 (accusative plural)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸𑀇 (instrumental singular)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸𑀅 (instrumental singular)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸𑀇 (genitive singular)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸𑀅 (genitive singular)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸𑀇 (locative singular)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸𑀅 (locative singular)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑁂 (singular vocative)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸𑀉 (plural vocative)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸 (plural vocative)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮 (singular vocative)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit वत्सल (vatsala). Cognate with Pali vacchala.

c. 200 CE – 600 CE, Hāla, Gāhā Sattasaī


वच्छल

vacchala (romanization)
ವಚ್ಛಲ (Kannada)
वच्छलो (nominative singular)
वच्छला (nominative plural)
वच्छलं (accusative singular)
वच्छले (accusative plural)
वच्छला (accusative plural)
वच्छलेण (instrumental singular)
वच्छलेणं (instrumental singular)
वच्छलेहि (instrumental plural)
वच्छलेहिं (instrumental plural)
वच्छलाअ (dative singular)
वच्छलाओ (ablative singular)
वच्छलाउ (ablative singular)
वच्छला (ablative singular)
वच्छलाहि (ablative singular)
वच्छलाहिंतो (ablative singular)
वच्छलस्स (genitive singular)
वच्छलाण (genitive plural)
वच्छलाणं (genitive plural)
वच्छलम्मि (locative singular)
वच्छले (locative singular)
वच्छलेसु (locative plural)
वच्छलेसुं (locative plural)
वच्छल (singular vocative)
वच्छला (singular vocative)
वच्छला (plural vocative)
वच्छला (nominative singular)
वच्छलाओ (nominative plural)
वच्छलाउ (nominative plural)
वच्छला (nominative plural)
वच्छलं (accusative singular)
वच्छलाओ (accusative plural)
वच्छलाउ (accusative plural)
वच्छला (accusative plural)
वच्छलाए (instrumental singular)
वच्छलाइ (instrumental singular)
वच्छलाअ (instrumental singular)
वच्छलाहि (instrumental plural)
वच्छलाहिं (instrumental plural)
वच्छलाओ (ablative singular)
वच्छलाउ (ablative singular)
वच्छलाहिंतो (ablative plural)
वच्छलाए (genitive singular)
वच्छलाइ (genitive singular)
वच्छलाअ (genitive singular)
वच्छलाण (genitive plural)
वच्छलाणं (genitive plural)
वच्छलाए (locative singular)
वच्छलाइ (locative singular)
वच्छलाअ (locative singular)
वच्छलासु (locative plural)
वच्छलासुं (locative plural)
वच्छले (singular vocative)
वच्छला (singular vocative)
वच्छलाओ (plural vocative)
वच्छलाउ (plural vocative)
वच्छला (plural vocative)
वच्छलं (nominative singular)
वच्छलाइं (nominative plural)
वच्छलाइ (nominative plural)
वच्छलं (accusative singular)
वच्छलाइं (accusative plural)
वच्छलाइ (accusative plural)
वच्छलेण (instrumental singular)
वच्छलेणं (instrumental singular)
वच्छलेहि (instrumental plural)
वच्छलेहिं (instrumental plural)
वच्छलाअ (dative singular)
वच्छलाओ (ablative singular)
वच्छलाउ (ablative singular)
वच्छला (ablative singular)
वच्छलाहि (ablative singular)
वच्छलाहिंतो (ablative singular)
वच्छलस्स (genitive singular)
वच्छलाण (genitive plural)
वच्छलाणं (genitive plural)
वच्छलम्मि (locative singular)
वच्छले (locative singular)
वच्छलेसु (locative plural)
वच्छलेसुं (locative plural)
वच्छल (singular vocative)
वच्छला (singular vocative)
वच्छलाइं (plural vocative)
वच्छलाइ (plural vocative)

𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮 𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮#Prakrit

Devanagari script form of 𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀮 (“affectionate, loving”)


𑀧𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀇

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">पल्लट्टइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಪಲ್ಲಟ್ಟಇ</i>

𑀧𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀇 (pallaṭṭaï) (Devanagari पल्लट्टइ, Kannada ಪಲ್ಲಟ್ಟಇ)

pallaṭṭaï (romanization)
पल्लट्टइ (Devanagari)
ಪಲ್ಲಟ್ಟಇ (Kannada)
𑀧𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀤𑀺 (alternative)

Eastern:

Assamese: পালট (palot)

Bengali: পালটা (palṭa)

Maithili: palṭab

Devanagari script: पलटब

Tirhuta script: 𑒣𑒪𑒙𑒥

Odia: ପାଲଟିବା (pālaṭibā)

Northern:

Nepali: पल्टनु (palṭanu)

Northeastern:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Old Punjabi: ਪਲਟਿ (palaṭi)

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਪਲਟਣਾ (palṭaṇā)

Shahmukhi script: پَلٹݨا (palṭṇā)

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi:

Arabic script: پَلْٽَڻُ

Devanagari script: पल्टणु

Central:

Gurjara Apabhramsa:

Gujarati: પલટવું (palaṭvũ)

Marwari: पलटणौ (palaṭṇau)

Hindustani:

Hindi: पलटना (palaṭnā)

Urdu: پَلَٹْنا (palaṭnā)

Most likely derived from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀮𑀝𑁆 (*laṭ, “to swing, shake”) prefixed with परि- (pari-, “around”). Other possibilities include:
* Derived from Sanskrit परिवर्तते (parivartate, “revolves, returns, turns around”) through parivaṭṭ- > *paliaṭṭ- > *palyaṭṭ- > *pallaṭṭ-. This would make it a doublet of 𑀧𑀭𑀺𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀇 (parivaṭṭaï).
* Derived from the passive of Sanskrit पर्यटति (paryaṭati, “goes round”) through *paryaṭyati > *palyaṭṭaï > *pallaṭṭaï.
* Derived from Sanskrit पर्यस्त (paryasta, “overturned”), making it a doublet of 𑀧𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀢𑁆𑀣 (pallattha, “overturned”), whence Marathi पालथणे (pālathṇe, “to turn over”).
Influence or merging from multiple sources is likely.


𑀩𑀸𑀡

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">बाण</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಬಾಣ</i>

𑀩𑀸𑀡 (bāṇa) m (Devanagari बाण, Kannada ಬಾಣ)

bāṇa (romanization)
बाण (Devanagari)
ಬಾಣ (Kannada)
𑀩𑀸𑀡𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀩𑀸𑀡𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀩𑀸𑀡𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀩𑀸𑀡𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀩𑀸𑀡𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀩𑀸𑀡𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀩𑀸𑀡𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀩𑀸𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀩𑀸𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀩𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀩𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀩𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀩𑀸𑀡𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀩𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀩𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀩𑀸𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀩𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀩𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀩𑀸𑀡𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀩𑀸𑀡𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀩𑀸𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀩𑀸𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀩𑀸𑀡 (singular vocative)
𑀩𑀸𑀡𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀩𑀸𑀡𑀸 (plural vocative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Awadhi: बान (bān)

Hindi: बान (bān)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: બાણ (bāṇ)

Inherited from Sanskrit बाण (bāṇa). Cognate with Pali bāṇa.


𑀭𑀁𑀥

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">रंध</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ರಂಧ</i>

𑀭𑀁𑀥 (raṃdha) n (Devanagari रंध, Kannada ರಂಧ)

raṃdha (romanization)
रंध (Devanagari)
ರಂಧ (Kannada)
𑀭𑀁𑀥𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀭𑀁𑀥𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀭𑀁𑀥𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀭𑀁𑀥𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀭𑀁𑀥𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀭𑀁𑀥𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀭𑀁𑀥𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀭𑀁𑀥𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀭𑀁𑀥𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀭𑀁𑀥𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀭𑀁𑀥𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀭𑀁𑀥𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀭𑀁𑀥𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀭𑀁𑀥𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀭𑀁𑀥𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀭𑀁𑀥𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀭𑀁𑀥𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀭𑀁𑀥𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀭𑀁𑀥𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀭𑀁𑀥𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀭𑀁𑀥𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀭𑀁𑀥𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀭𑀁𑀥𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀭𑀁𑀥 (singular vocative)
𑀭𑀁𑀥𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀭𑀁𑀥𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀭𑀁𑀥𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit रन्ध्र (randhra). Cognate with Pali randha.

inh+

c. 200 CE – 600 CE, Hāla, Gāhā Sattasaī


रंध

raṃdha (romanization)
ರಂಧ (Kannada)
रंधं (nominative singular)
रंधाइं (nominative plural)
रंधाइ (nominative plural)
रंधं (accusative singular)
रंधाइं (accusative plural)
रंधाइ (accusative plural)
रंधेण (instrumental singular)
रंधेणं (instrumental singular)
रंधेहि (instrumental plural)
रंधेहिं (instrumental plural)
रंधाअ (dative singular)
रंधाओ (ablative singular)
रंधाउ (ablative singular)
रंधा (ablative singular)
रंधाहि (ablative singular)
रंधाहिंतो (ablative singular)
रंधस्स (genitive singular)
रंधाण (genitive plural)
रंधाणं (genitive plural)
रंधम्मि (locative singular)
रंधे (locative singular)
रंधेसु (locative plural)
रंधेसुं (locative plural)
रंध (singular vocative)
रंधा (singular vocative)
रंधाइं (plural vocative)
रंधाइ (plural vocative)


कुम्म

head

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">કુમ્મ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಕುಮ್ಮ</i>

कुम्म (kumma) m (Gujarati કુમ્મ, Kannada ಕುಮ್ಮ)

kumma (romanization)
કુમ્મ (Gujarati)
ಕುಮ್ಮ (Kannada)
कुम्मो (nominative singular)
कुम्मा (nominative plural)
कुम्मं (accusative singular)
कुम्मे (accusative plural)
कुम्मा (accusative plural)
कुम्मेण (instrumental singular)
कुम्मेणं (instrumental singular)
कुम्मेहि (instrumental plural)
कुम्मेहिं (instrumental plural)
कुम्माअ (dative singular)
कुम्माओ (ablative singular)
कुम्माउ (ablative singular)
कुम्मा (ablative singular)
कुम्माहि (ablative singular)
कुम्माहिंतो (ablative singular)
कुम्मस्स (genitive singular)
कुम्माण (genitive plural)
कुम्माणं (genitive plural)
कुम्मम्मि (locative singular)
कुम्मे (locative singular)
कुम्मेसु (locative plural)
कुम्मेसुं (locative plural)
कुम्म (singular vocative)
कुम्मा (singular vocative)
कुम्मा (plural vocative)

𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫 𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫#Prakrit

Devanagari script form of 𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫 (“turtle, tortoise”)


𑀯𑁂𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">वेस्सा</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ವೆಸ್ಸಾ</i>

𑀯𑁂𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸 (vĕssā) f (Devanagari वेस्सा, Kannada ವೆಸ್ಸಾ)

vĕssā (romanization)
वेस्सा (Devanagari)
ವೆಸ್ಸಾ (Kannada)
𑀯𑁂𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸 (nominative singular)
𑀯𑁂𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀯𑁂𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀉 (nominative plural)
𑀯𑁂𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀯𑁂𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀯𑁂𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀯𑁂𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀉 (accusative plural)
𑀯𑁂𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀯𑁂𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀯𑁂𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀇 (instrumental singular)
𑀯𑁂𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀅 (instrumental singular)
𑀯𑁂𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀯𑁂𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀯𑁂𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑁂𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀯𑁂𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀯𑁂𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀯𑁂𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀇 (genitive singular)
𑀯𑁂𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀅 (genitive singular)
𑀯𑁂𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀯𑁂𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀯𑁂𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀯𑁂𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀇 (locative singular)
𑀯𑁂𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀅 (locative singular)
𑀯𑁂𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀯𑁂𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀯𑁂𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂 (singular vocative)
𑀯𑁂𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀯𑁂𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀯𑁂𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀉 (plural vocative)
𑀯𑁂𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸 (plural vocative)
𑀯𑁂𑀲𑀺𑀬𑀸 (alternative)
𑀯𑁂𑀲𑀸 (alternative)

Inherited from Sanskrit वेश्या (veśyā). Cognate with Pali vesiyā, vesī.

prostitute (woman who engages in sexual activity for payment)


वेस्सा

vĕssā (romanization)
ವೆಸ್ಸಾ (Kannada)
वेस्सा (nominative singular)
वेस्साओ (nominative plural)
वेस्साउ (nominative plural)
वेस्सा (nominative plural)
वेस्सं (accusative singular)
वेस्साओ (accusative plural)
वेस्साउ (accusative plural)
वेस्सा (accusative plural)
वेस्साए (instrumental singular)
वेस्साइ (instrumental singular)
वेस्साअ (instrumental singular)
वेस्साहि (instrumental plural)
वेस्साहिं (instrumental plural)
वेस्साओ (ablative singular)
वेस्साउ (ablative singular)
वेस्साहिंतो (ablative plural)
वेस्साए (genitive singular)
वेस्साइ (genitive singular)
वेस्साअ (genitive singular)
वेस्साण (genitive plural)
वेस्साणं (genitive plural)
वेस्साए (locative singular)
वेस्साइ (locative singular)
वेस्साअ (locative singular)
वेस्सासु (locative plural)
वेस्सासुं (locative plural)
वेस्से (singular vocative)
वेस्सा (singular vocative)
वेस्साओ (plural vocative)
वेस्साउ (plural vocative)
वेस्सा (plural vocative)

𑀯𑁂𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸 𑀯𑁂𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸#Prakrit

Devanagari script form of 𑀯𑁂𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸 (“prostitute”)


मयंक

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಮಯಂಕ</i>

mayaṃka (romanization)
ಮಯಂಕ (Kannada)
मयंको (nominative singular)
मयंका (nominative plural)
मयंकं (accusative singular)
मयंके (accusative plural)
मयंका (accusative plural)
मयंकेण (instrumental singular)
मयंकेणं (instrumental singular)
मयंकेहि (instrumental plural)
मयंकेहिं (instrumental plural)
मयंकाअ (dative singular)
मयंकाओ (ablative singular)
मयंकाउ (ablative singular)
मयंका (ablative singular)
मयंकाहि (ablative singular)
मयंकाहिंतो (ablative singular)
मयंकस्स (genitive singular)
मयंकाण (genitive plural)
मयंकाणं (genitive plural)
मयंकम्मि (locative singular)
मयंके (locative singular)
मयंकेसु (locative plural)
मयंकेसुं (locative plural)
मयंक (singular vocative)
मयंका (singular vocative)
मयंका (plural vocative)

𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀓 𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀓#Prakrit


𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀓

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">मयंक</i>

𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀓 (mayaṃka) m (Devanagari मयंक, Kannada ಮಯಂಕ)

mayaṃka (romanization)
मयंक (Devanagari)
ಮಯಂಕ (Kannada)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀓𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀓𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀓𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀓𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀓𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀓𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀓𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀓𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀓𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀓𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀓𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀓𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀓𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀓𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀓𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀓𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀓𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀓𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀓𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀓 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀓𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀓𑀸 (plural vocative)

𑀫𑀺𑀅𑀁𑀓 𑀫𑀺𑀅𑀁𑀓#Prakrit

alternative form of 𑀫𑀺𑀅𑀁𑀓 (miaṃka, “moon”)


मयंग

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಮಯಂಗ</i>

mayaṃga (romanization)
ಮಯಂಗ (Kannada)
मयंगो (nominative singular)
मयंगा (nominative plural)
मयंगं (accusative singular)
मयंगे (accusative plural)
मयंगा (accusative plural)
मयंगेण (instrumental singular)
मयंगेणं (instrumental singular)
मयंगेहि (instrumental plural)
मयंगेहिं (instrumental plural)
मयंगाअ (dative singular)
मयंगाओ (ablative singular)
मयंगाउ (ablative singular)
मयंगा (ablative singular)
मयंगाहि (ablative singular)
मयंगाहिंतो (ablative singular)
मयंगस्स (genitive singular)
मयंगाण (genitive plural)
मयंगाणं (genitive plural)
मयंगम्मि (locative singular)
मयंगे (locative singular)
मयंगेसु (locative plural)
मयंगेसुं (locative plural)
मयंग (singular vocative)
मयंगा (singular vocative)
मयंगा (plural vocative)

𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀕 𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀕#Prakrit


𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀕

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">मयंग</i>

𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀕 (mayaṃga) m (Devanagari मयंग, Kannada ಮಯಂಗ)

mayaṃga (romanization)
मयंग (Devanagari)
ಮಯಂಗ (Kannada)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀕𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀕𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀕𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀕𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀕𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀕𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀕𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀕𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀕𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀕𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀕𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀕𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀕𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀕𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀕𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀕𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀕𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀕𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀕𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀕𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀕𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀕𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀕 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀕𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀕𑀸 (plural vocative)

𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀓 𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀓#Prakrit

alternative form of 𑀫𑀬𑀁𑀓 (mayaṃka, “moon”)


𑀤𑀺𑀅𑀭

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">दिअर</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ದಿಅರ</i>

𑀤𑀺𑀅𑀭 (diara) m (Devanagari दिअर, Kannada ದಿಅರ)

diara (romanization)
दिअर (Devanagari)
ದಿಅರ (Kannada)
𑀤𑀺𑀅𑀭𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀤𑀺𑀅𑀭𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀤𑀺𑀅𑀭𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀤𑀺𑀅𑀭𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀤𑀺𑀅𑀭𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀤𑀺𑀅𑀭𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀤𑀺𑀅𑀭𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀤𑀺𑀅𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀤𑀺𑀅𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀤𑀺𑀅𑀭𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀤𑀺𑀅𑀭𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀺𑀅𑀭𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀺𑀅𑀭𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀺𑀅𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀺𑀅𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀤𑀺𑀅𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀤𑀺𑀅𑀭𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀤𑀺𑀅𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀤𑀺𑀅𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀤𑀺𑀅𑀭𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀤𑀺𑀅𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀤𑀺𑀅𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀤𑀺𑀅𑀭 (singular vocative)
𑀤𑀺𑀅𑀭𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀤𑀺𑀅𑀭𑀸 (plural vocative)

Apabhramsa: दिअर (diara)

c. 200 CE – 600 CE, Hāla, Gāhā Sattasaī

𑀤𑁂𑀅𑀭 𑀤𑁂𑀅𑀭#Prakrit

alternative form of 𑀤𑁂𑀅𑀭 (deara, “husband's younger brother”)


𑀓𑀭𑀳

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">करह</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಕರಹ</i>

𑀓𑀭𑀳 (karaha) m (Devanagari करह, Kannada ಕರಹ)

karaha (romanization)
करह (Devanagari)
ಕರಹ (Kannada)
𑀓𑀭𑀳𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀓𑀭𑀳𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀓𑀭𑀳𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀓𑀭𑀳𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀓𑀭𑀳𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀓𑀭𑀳𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀓𑀭𑀳𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀓𑀭𑀳𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀓𑀭𑀳𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀓𑀭𑀳𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀓𑀭𑀳𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀭𑀳𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀭𑀳𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀭𑀳𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀭𑀳𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀭𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀓𑀭𑀳𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀓𑀭𑀳𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀓𑀭𑀳𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀓𑀭𑀳𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀓𑀭𑀳𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀓𑀭𑀳𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀓𑀭𑀳 (singular vocative)
𑀓𑀭𑀳𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀓𑀭𑀳𑀸 (plural vocative)

Apabhramsa: करह (karaha) (see there for further descendants)

𑀓𑀭𑀳-𑀧𑀑𑀅𑀭-𑀯𑀺𑀫𑀸𑀇𑀁 𑀇𑀳-𑀧𑀳𑁄𑀮𑀁𑀢𑀺 𑀫𑀸𑀮𑀼𑀳𑀸𑀡𑀻𑀡𑁇
𑀉𑀯𑁆𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀢 𑀥𑀽𑀲𑀭𑀸𑀇𑀁 𑀤𑀮𑀸𑀇𑀁 𑀧𑁂𑀭𑀁𑀢-𑀓𑀯𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀁𑁈𑁫𑁮𑁧𑁈
karaha-paoara-vimāiṃ iha-paholaṃti māluhāṇīṇa.
uvvatta dhūsarāiṃ dalāiṃ peraṃta-kavisāiṃ.581.
1975 translation by Narhari Govind Suru
581. The leaves of the Māludhāni creepers
[shaped] uneven like the soles of camel

c. 8th century CE, Vākpati-rāja, Gauḍavadha 581

alternative form of 𑀓𑀭𑀪 (karabha, “camel”)


𑀓𑀭𑀪

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">करभ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಕರಭ</i>

𑀓𑀭𑀪 (karabha) m (Devanagari करभ, Kannada ಕರಭ, feminine 𑀓𑀭𑀪𑀻)

karabha (romanization)
करभ (Devanagari)
ಕರಭ (Kannada)
𑀓𑀭𑀪𑀻 (feminine)
𑀓𑀭𑀪𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀓𑀭𑀪𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀓𑀭𑀪𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀓𑀭𑀪𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀓𑀭𑀪𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀓𑀭𑀪𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀓𑀭𑀪𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀓𑀭𑀪𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀓𑀭𑀪𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀓𑀭𑀪𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀓𑀭𑀪𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀭𑀪𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀭𑀪𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀭𑀪𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀭𑀪𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀭𑀪𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀓𑀭𑀪𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀓𑀭𑀪𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀓𑀭𑀪𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀓𑀭𑀪𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀓𑀭𑀪𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀓𑀭𑀪𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀓𑀭𑀪 (singular vocative)
𑀓𑀭𑀪𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀓𑀭𑀪𑀸 (plural vocative)
𑀓𑀭𑀳 (alternative)

desc

Sinhalese: කරබටුවා (karabaṭuwā), කරබයා (karabayā)

Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀓𑀭𑀪 (karabha). Related to 𑀓𑀮𑀪 (kalabha), 𑀓𑀮𑀳 (kalaha).

𑀇𑀳 𑀲𑀸 𑀲-𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀭𑁄𑀯𑁆𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀢-𑀓𑀼𑀲𑀼𑀫-𑀓𑀯𑀺𑀮𑀸 𑀓𑀭𑀻𑀭-𑀯𑀡-𑀭𑀸𑀈 𑁇
𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀇 𑀡𑀺𑀳𑀲-𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀺𑀅-𑀓𑀭𑀪-𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀭-𑀘𑁆𑀙𑁂𑀬-𑀚𑀟𑀺𑀮-𑀯𑁆𑀯 𑁈𑁫𑁩𑁪𑁈
iha sā sa-kesarŏvvatta-kusuma-kavilā karīra-vaṇa-rāī .
rehaï ṇihasa-ṭṭhia-karabha-kesara-ccheya-jaḍila-vva .534.
1975 translation by Narhari Govind Suru

c. 8th century CE, Vākpati-rāja, Gauḍavadha 534

brownish with blossoms with their outstretched filaments, looks beautiful
[appearing] as if it is intertwined with the hair of camels plucked [from their mane]
and sticking to the trees in the act of rubbing [their bodies against these trees].

534. This forest-grove here of Karīra trees


𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">इट्टा</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">ઇટ્ટા</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಇಟ್ಟಾ</i>

𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸 (iṭṭā) f (Devanagari इट्टा, Gujarati ઇટ્ટા, Kannada ಇಟ್ಟಾ)

tlb

(attested in Māhārāṣṭrī, Ardhamāgadhī, Jain Māhārāṣṭrī)

iṭṭā (romanization)
इट्टा (Devanagari)
ઇટ્ટા (Gujarati)
ಇಟ್ಟಾ (Kannada)
𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸 (nominative singular)
𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀉 (nominative plural)
𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀉 (accusative plural)
𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀇 (instrumental singular)
𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀅 (instrumental singular)
𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀇 (genitive singular)
𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀅 (genitive singular)
𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀇 (locative singular)
𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀅 (locative singular)
𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑁂 (singular vocative)
𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀉 (plural vocative)
𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸 (plural vocative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Old Braj: ईट (īṭ), ईंट (ī̃ṭ)

Old Hindi: ईंट (īṃṭa)

Bundeli: ईंट (ī̃ṭ)

Haryanvi: ईंट (ī̃ṭ)

Kannauji: ईंट

Middle Hindi: اینٹ (aynṭ /ī̃ṭ/)

Hindustani: ī̃ṭ

Hindi: ईंट

desc

Urdu: اِین٘ٹ

Urdu: اِین٘ٹ

→? Dhivehi: އީޓު (īṭu)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Chakma: 𑄄𑄑𑄴 (iṭ), 𑄃𑄨𑄑𑄴 (iṭ)

desctree

Middle Bengali: ইটা (iṭa), ঈটা (iṭa)
Bengali: ইট (iṭ)

Magahi:

Devanagari script: ईंट (īṇṭ)

Kaithi script: 𑂆𑂁𑂗 (īṇṭ)

Insular Indo-Aryan:

>? Sinhalese: උළු (uḷu)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Central Pahari:

Garhwali: ईंट (ī̃ṭ)

Kumaoni: ईंट

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: इँट (ĩṭ)

Western Pahari:

Dogri: (iṭṭ)

Devanagari script: इट्ट

Dogra script: 𑠂𑠔𑠹𑠔

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabic:

Old Punjabi: ਇਟ (iṭa /iṭṭa/)

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਇੱਟ (iṭṭa)

Shahmukhi script: اِٹّ (īṭṭ)

Saraiki:

Devanagari script: इट (iṭ)

Multani script: 𑊁𑊐 (iṭ)

Shahmukhi script: اِٹ (īṭ)

Sindhi:

Kachchi: iṭ

Gujarati script: ઇટ

Khudabadi script: 𑊲𑋆

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Konkani:

Devanagari script: वीट (vīṭ)

Latin script: vitt

Kannada script: ವೀಟ್ (vīṭ)

Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: इट (iṭa)

Modi script: 𑘃𑘘 (īṭa)
Marathi: (vīṭ)
Devanagari script: वीट
Modi script: 𑘪𑘲𑘘
Varhadi: (īṭ)
Devanagari script: ईट
Modi script: 𑘃𑘘
→? Dhivehi: އީޓު (īṭu)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujaratic:

Middle Gujarati: ईट
Gujarati: ઈંટ (ī̃ṭ)
→? Dhivehi: އީޓު (īṭu)

Rajasthani:

Ahirani: इट (iṭ)

Dhundhari: ईंट (ī̃ṭ)

Gojri: اِٹ (iṭ)

Malvi: ईंट (ī̃ṭ)

Marwari:

Devanagari script: ईंट (ī̃ṭ)

Mahajani script: 𑅑𑅧𑅞 (inṭ /ī̃ṭ/)

Mewati: ईंट (ī̃ṭ)

Mewari: ईंट (ī̃ṭ)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit इष्टा (iṣṭā)
Prakrit 𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸 (iṭṭā)
Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀇𑀱𑁆𑀝𑀸 (iṣṭā), related to 𑀇𑀱𑁆𑀝𑀓𑀸 (íṣṭakā, “brick”).

ref

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “íṣṭakā”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 72: “Pk. iṭṭagā-, iṭṭā- f.”

𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸-𑀘𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀁-𑀯 𑀓𑀺𑀭𑀦𑁆𑀢𑀫𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀫𑀼𑀭𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀯𑀅𑀯𑀁 𑀧𑀭𑀺𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀼𑀭𑀇 .
𑀭𑀯𑀺𑀡𑁄 𑀕𑀅𑀡𑀸𑀲𑀺-𑀡𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀡-𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓-𑀯𑀮𑀑𑀯𑀁 𑀩𑀺𑀁𑀩𑀁 𑁈𑁧𑁧𑁮𑁨𑁈
iṭṭā-cuṇṇaṃ-va kirantamuddhamuruṇāvaavaṃ paripphuraï .
raviṇo gaaṇāsi-ṇisāṇa-cakka-valaovaṃ biṃbaṃ .1182.

c. 8th century CE, Vākpati-rāja, Gauḍavadha 1182

1182. The sun is figuratively imagined to the whetting wheel of the bluish sword in the form of the blue sky.
As the sword is held over the rotating sharpening wheel, fire-sparks, which are no other than the powdered particles of the wheel made of brick-clay, shoot and spread about.
This is the red-lustered dawn emerging and the wheel is the sun’s orb.


इट्टा

head

इट्टा (iṭṭā) f (Kannada ಇಟ್ಟಾ)

pra-head

इट्टा (iṭṭā) f (Kannada ಇಟ್ಟಾ)

pra-noun

इट्टा (iṭṭā) f (Kannada ಇಟ್ಟಾ)

iṭṭā (romanization)
ಇಟ್ಟಾ (Kannada)
इट्टा (nominative singular)
इट्टाओ (nominative plural)
इट्टाउ (nominative plural)
इट्टा (nominative plural)
इट्टं (accusative singular)
इट्टाओ (accusative plural)
इट्टाउ (accusative plural)
इट्टा (accusative plural)
इट्टाए (instrumental singular)
इट्टाइ (instrumental singular)
इट्टाअ (instrumental singular)
इट्टाहि (instrumental plural)
इट्टाहिं (instrumental plural)
इट्टाओ (ablative singular)
इट्टाउ (ablative singular)
इट्टाहिंतो (ablative plural)
इट्टाए (genitive singular)
इट्टाइ (genitive singular)
इट्टाअ (genitive singular)
इट्टाण (genitive plural)
इट्टाणं (genitive plural)
इट्टाए (locative singular)
इट्टाइ (locative singular)
इट्टाअ (locative singular)
इट्टासु (locative plural)
इट्टासुं (locative plural)
इट्टे (singular vocative)
इट्टा (singular vocative)
इट्टाओ (plural vocative)
इट्टाउ (plural vocative)
इट्टा (plural vocative)

𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸 𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸#Prakrit

Devanagari script form of 𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸 (“brick”)


बुभुक्खा

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<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಬುಭುಕ್ಖಾ</i>

बुभुक्खा (bubhukkhā) f (Kannada ಬುಭುಕ್ಖಾ)

bubhukkhā (romanization)
ಬುಭುಕ್ಖಾ (Kannada)
बुभुक्खा (nominative singular)
बुभुक्खाओ (nominative plural)
बुभुक्खाउ (nominative plural)
बुभुक्खा (nominative plural)
बुभुक्खं (accusative singular)
बुभुक्खाओ (accusative plural)
बुभुक्खाउ (accusative plural)
बुभुक्खा (accusative plural)
बुभुक्खाए (instrumental singular)
बुभुक्खाइ (instrumental singular)
बुभुक्खाअ (instrumental singular)
बुभुक्खाहि (instrumental plural)
बुभुक्खाहिं (instrumental plural)
बुभुक्खाओ (ablative singular)
बुभुक्खाउ (ablative singular)
बुभुक्खाहिंतो (ablative plural)
बुभुक्खाए (genitive singular)
बुभुक्खाइ (genitive singular)
बुभुक्खाअ (genitive singular)
बुभुक्खाण (genitive plural)
बुभुक्खाणं (genitive plural)
बुभुक्खाए (locative singular)
बुभुक्खाइ (locative singular)
बुभुक्खाअ (locative singular)
बुभुक्खासु (locative plural)
बुभुक्खासुं (locative plural)
बुभुक्खे (singular vocative)
बुभुक्खा (singular vocative)
बुभुक्खाओ (plural vocative)
बुभुक्खाउ (plural vocative)
बुभुक्खा (plural vocative)

𑀩𑀼𑀪𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸 𑀩𑀼𑀪𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸#Prakrit

Devanagari script form of 𑀩𑀼𑀪𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸 (“hunger”)


𑀲𑀫𑀽𑀳

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">समूह</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಸಮೂಹ</i>

𑀲𑀫𑀽𑀳 (samūha) m (Devanagari समूह, Kannada ಸಮೂಹ)

samūha (romanization)
समूह (Devanagari)
ಸಮೂಹ (Kannada)
𑀲𑀫𑀽𑀳𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀲𑀫𑀽𑀳𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀲𑀫𑀽𑀳𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀲𑀫𑀽𑀳𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀲𑀫𑀽𑀳𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀲𑀫𑀽𑀳𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀲𑀫𑀽𑀳𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀲𑀫𑀽𑀳𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀲𑀫𑀽𑀳𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀲𑀫𑀽𑀳𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀲𑀫𑀽𑀳𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀫𑀽𑀳𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀫𑀽𑀳𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀫𑀽𑀳𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀫𑀽𑀳𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀫𑀽𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀲𑀫𑀽𑀳𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀲𑀫𑀽𑀳𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀲𑀫𑀽𑀳𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀲𑀫𑀽𑀳𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀲𑀫𑀽𑀳𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀲𑀫𑀽𑀳𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀲𑀫𑀽𑀳 (singular vocative)
𑀲𑀫𑀽𑀳𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀲𑀫𑀽𑀳𑀸 (plural vocative)

Apabhramsa: samūha

Kasmiri Apabhramsa: 𑆱𑆩𑆷𑆲

Maharastri Apabhramsa: समूह

Inherited from Sanskrit समूह (samūha). Cognate with Pali samūha.

c. 8th century CE, Vākpati-rāja, Gauḍavadha


𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀇

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">जीवइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಜೀವಇ</i>

pra-head

𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀇 (jīvaï) (Devanagari जीवइ, Kannada ಜೀವಇ) (intransitive)

jīvaï (romanization)
जीवइ (Devanagari)
ಜೀವಇ (Kannada)
𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀤𑀺 (alternative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Old Gujarati: जीवइ (jīvaï)

Gujarati: જીવવું (jīvvũ)

Hindi: जीना (jīnā)

desc

Romani: ʒivel, ʒuvel (International Standard), dživel, džuvel (Pan-Vlax), zhuvel (Anglicized)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali: জিয়া (jiẏa)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: जीयल (jīyal)

Maithili: जियब (jiyab)

Early Assamese: জী (jī)

Assamese: জীয়া (zia)

Odia: ଜୀବା (jibā)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Kumaoni: ज्यूणो (jyūṇo)

Nepali: जिउनु (jiunu)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi: ਜਿਊਣਾ (jiūṇā)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Marathi: जिणे (jiṇe)

Sindhi: जिअणु (jiaṇu)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃-
Proto-Indo-European *-wós
Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós
Proto-Indo-European *gʷíh₃weti
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰíHwati
Sanskrit जीवति (jīvati)
Prakrit 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀇 (jīvaï)
Inherited from Sanskrit जीवति (jīvati), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *ȷ́íHwati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰíHwati, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷíh₃weti (“to live”).


𑀕𑀡𑀯𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">गणवइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಗಣವಇ</i>

𑀕𑀡𑀯𑀇 (gaṇavaï) m (Devanagari गणवइ, Kannada ಗಣವಇ)

gaṇavaï (romanization)
गणवइ (Devanagari)
ಗಣವಇ (Kannada)
𑀕𑀡𑀯𑀈 (nominative singular)
𑀕𑀡𑀯𑀇𑀡𑁄 (nominative plural)
𑀕𑀡𑀯𑀈 (nominative plural)
𑀕𑀡𑀯𑀈𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀕𑀡𑀯𑀅𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀕𑀡𑀯𑀅𑀉 (nominative plural)
𑀕𑀡𑀯𑀇𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀕𑀡𑀯𑀇𑀡𑁄 (accusative plural)
𑀕𑀡𑀯𑀈 (accusative plural)
𑀕𑀡𑀯𑀅𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀕𑀡𑀯𑀇𑀡𑀸 (instrumental singular)
𑀕𑀡𑀯𑀈𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀕𑀡𑀯𑀈𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀕𑀡𑀯𑀈𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀡𑀯𑀈𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀡𑀯𑀇𑀡𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀡𑀯𑀈𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀕𑀡𑀯𑀇𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀕𑀡𑀯𑀇𑀡𑁄 (genitive singular)
𑀕𑀡𑀯𑀈𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀕𑀡𑀯𑀈𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀕𑀡𑀯𑀇𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀕𑀡𑀯𑀈𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀕𑀡𑀯𑀈𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀕𑀡𑀯𑀇 (singular vocative)
𑀕𑀡𑀯𑀈 (singular vocative)
𑀕𑀡𑀯𑀇𑀡𑁄 (plural vocative)
𑀕𑀡𑀯𑀈 (plural vocative)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit गण् (gaṇ)
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Sanskrit -अ (-a)
Sanskrit गण (gaṇa)
Proto-Indo-European *pótis
Proto-Indo-Iranian *pátiš
Sanskrit पति (pati)
Sanskrit गणपति (gaṇapati)
Prakrit 𑀕𑀡𑀯𑀇 (gaṇavaï)
Inherited from Sanskrit गणपति (gaṇapati).

etymon

𑀚𑁄 𑀲𑀻𑀲𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 𑀯𑀺𑀇𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁄 𑀫𑀚𑁆𑀛 𑀚𑀼𑀆𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺 𑀕𑀡𑀯𑀈 𑀆𑀲𑀺 𑁇𑀢𑀁-𑀘𑀺𑀅 𑀏𑀡𑁆𑀳𑀺𑀁 𑀧𑀡𑀫𑀸𑀫𑀺 𑀳𑀅𑀚𑀭𑁂 𑀳𑁄𑀳𑀺 𑀲𑀁𑀢𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀞 𑁈𑁩𑁭𑁨𑁈

c. 200 CE – 600 CE, Hāla, Gāhā Sattasaī 372

jo sīsammi viiṇṇo majjha juāṇehi gaṇavaī āsi .taṃ-cia ĕṇhiṃ paṇamāmi haajare hohi saṃtuṭṭha .372.

𑀕𑀡𑀯𑀇𑀡𑁄 𑀲𑀇-𑀲𑀁𑀕𑀅-𑀕𑁄𑀭𑀻-𑀳𑀭-𑀧𑁂𑀫𑁆𑀧-𑀭𑀸𑀅-𑀯𑀺𑀮𑀺𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 𑁇
𑀤𑀁𑀢𑁄 𑀯𑀸𑀫-𑀫𑀼𑀳𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀁𑀢-𑀧𑀼𑀁𑀚𑀺𑀑 𑀚𑀅𑀇 𑀳𑀸𑀲𑁄-𑀯𑁆𑀯 𑁈𑁫𑁪𑁈
gaṇavaïṇo saï-saṃgaa-gorī-hara-pĕmpa-rāa-viliassa .
daṃto vāma-muhaddhaṃta-puṃjio jaaï hāso-vva .54.
1975 translation by Narhari Govind Suru
54. Victorious is the tusk of Gaṇapati, gathered at the end of the left half of His mouth, [giving an impression of] His smile, as if it were, when feeling abashed at [the manifestation] of passion’s ardour by His parents, Pārvatī and Śiva, ever united, as they are bodily.

c. 8th century CE, Vākpati-rāja, Gauḍavadha 54


𑀚𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">जोडेइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಜೋಡೇಇ</i>

pra-head

𑀚𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇 (joḍei) (Devanagari जोडेइ, Kannada ಜೋಡೇಇ) (transitive)

joḍei (romanization)
जोडेइ (Devanagari)
ಜೋಡೇಇ (Kannada)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

Hindi: जोड़ना (joṛnā)

Urdu: جوڑْنا (joṛnā)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali-Assamese:

Bengali: জোড়া (jōṛa), জুড়া (juṛa)

Bihari:

Maithili: जोरब (jōrab)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: जोर्नु (jornu)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi:

Shahmukhi script: جوڑنا (joṛnā)

Gurmukhi script: ਜੋਡ਼ਣਾ (joṛṇā)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: جوڙڻ (joṛaṇu)

Devanagari script: जोड़णु (joṛaṇu)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Old Marathi: 𑘕𑘻𑘚𑘜𑘹 (joḍaṇe)

Marathi: जोडणे (joḍṇe)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: જોડવું (joḍvũ)

desc

→ Sanskrit: जोडयति (joḍayati), यौटति (yauṭati)

⇒ Sanskrit: जुड् (juḍ), जुट् (juṭ), यौट् (yauṭ)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *yewg-
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Indo-European *yugtós
Sanskrit युक्त (yukta)
Prakrit 𑀚𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (jutta)
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti
Sanskrit -अयति (-ayati)
Prakrit -𑀏𑀇 (-ei)
Prakrit 𑀚𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇 (joḍei)
Denominal verb of 𑀚𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (jutta, “joined, yoked”) + -𑀏𑀇 (-ei, causative suffix), with the former element from Sanskrit यु॒क्त (yuktá, “yoked”), from the root युज् (yuj, “to yoke, join”).
Per Tedesco, the denominal verb is modelled analogically on pairs like 𑀙𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝 (chuṭṭa, “released”) ~ 𑀙𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇 (choḍei, “to release”), 𑀢𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝 (tuṭṭa, “torn”) ~ 𑀢𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇 (toḍei, “to tear”); see there for more.
Turner reconstructs Sanskrit *योटयति (yoṭayati) as the ancestor of this verb, but there is no evidence for the existence of this root before Middle Indo-Aryan. Attested Sanskrit यौट् (yauṭ) and जुट् (juṭ) are almost certainly Sanskritizations.

denominal verb

𑀚𑀼𑀟𑀺𑀅

joined; see there for further descendants


𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀅

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">पहिअ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಪಹಿಅ</i>

𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀅 (pahia) m (Devanagari पहिअ, Kannada ಪಹಿಅ)

pahia (romanization)
पहिअ (Devanagari)
ಪಹಿಅ (Kannada)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀑 (nominative singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆 (nominative plural)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀅𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀏 (accusative plural)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆 (accusative plural)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀏𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀏𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀏𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀏𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀏𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀏𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀅 (singular vocative)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆 (singular vocative)
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀆 (plural vocative)

Apabhramsa: 𑆥𑆲𑆴𑆪 (pahiya) (see there for further descendants)

ref

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “pathika”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 437: “Pk. pahia- m. 'traveller'”

𑀲𑀺𑀲𑀺𑀭-𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀸𑀏𑀲𑀼 𑀘𑀺𑀭𑀁 𑀉𑀬𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀥𑀼-𑀢𑀭𑀁𑀕-𑀧𑀼𑀮𑀺𑀡-𑀲𑀼𑀏𑀲𑀼
𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀏𑀳𑀺𑀁 𑀯𑀻𑀲𑀫𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀇 𑀯𑀺𑀁𑀕-𑀫𑀼𑀳𑀮𑁂𑀲𑀼 𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑁂𑀲𑀼 𑁈𑁩𑁯𑁫𑁈
sisira-cchāesu ciraṃ uyasiṃdhu-taraṃga-puliṇa-suesu
pahiehiṃ vīsamijjaï viṃga-muhalesu vacchesu .395.

c. 8th century CE, Vākpati-rāja, Gauḍavadha 395

395. A rest [continued] for a long time is enjoyed by travellers underneath the cool-shaded, noisy with [chirping] birds,
delightful [as they are] with sandy mounds [nearby] by the side of rivers full of rippling water-streams.


𑀔𑀁𑀘𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">खंचइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಖಂಚಇ</i>

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𑀔𑀁𑀘𑀇 (khaṃcaï) (Devanagari खंचइ, Kannada ಖಂಚಇ) (transitive)

khaṃcaï (romanization)
खंचइ (Devanagari)
ಖಂಚಇ (Kannada)
*𑀔𑀺𑀁𑀘𑀇 (alternative)
*𑀔𑁂𑀁𑀘𑀇 (alternative)
*𑀔𑁃𑀁𑀘𑀇 (alternative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

desc

Old Awadhi: खींचै (khīṃcai), खांचै (khāṃcai)

Hindustani:

Hindi: खींचना (khī̃cnā), खैंचना (kha͠icnā)

Urdu: کَھین٘چنا (kha͠icnā), کِھین٘چنا (khī̃cnā)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali: খেঁচা (khẽca)

Odia: ଖାଞ୍ଚିବା (khāñcibā), ଖେଞ୍ଚିବା (kheñcibā)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: खैँच्नु (kha͠icnu), खाँच्नु (khā̃cnu)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਖਿੱਚਣਾ (khiccaṇā)

Shahmukhi script: کِھچّݨا (khiccṇā)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Marathi: खेचणे (khecṇe)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Old Gujarati: खैंचइ (khaiṃcaï)

Gujarati: ખેંચવું (kheñcvũ)

Marwari: खंचणौ (khañcṇau)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *kʷels-
Sanskrit कर्षति (karṣati)?
Sanskrit अञ्चति (añcati)influ.?
Prakrit 𑀔𑀁𑀘𑀇 (khaṃcaï)
Unknown. Probably cognate with Kashmiri खू॑न्ज़ुन् (khū॑nzun, “to pluck”).
Perhaps inherited from Sanskrit कर्षति (karṣati, “to pull”) with influence from 𑀅𑀇𑀁𑀘𑀇 (aïṃcaï), 𑀅𑀬𑀁𑀙𑀇 (ayaṃchaï, “to pull”), from Sanskrit *अत्यञ्चति (atyañcati), from अञ्चति (añcati, “to pull”).
Compare also *𑀖𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀇 (*ghiccaï, “to drag, pull”) (>Nepali घिच्नु (ghicnu), Sindhi گهيچڻ (ghīcaṇu)) and *𑀨𑀺𑀁𑀘𑀇 (*phiṃcaï, “to scatter”) (>Nepali फिंज्नु (phiñjnu)).


खंचइ

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खंचइ (khaṃcaï) (Kannada ಖಂಚಇ) (transitive)

𑀔𑀁𑀘𑀇 𑀔𑀁𑀘𑀇#Prakrit

Devanagari script form of 𑀔𑀁𑀘𑀇 (“to pull”)


𑀧𑀳𑀼𑀯𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">पहुवइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಪಹುವಇ</i>

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𑀧𑀳𑀼𑀯𑀇 (pahuvaï) (Devanagari पहुवइ, Kannada ಪಹುವಇ) (intransitive)

pahuvaï (romanization)
पहुवइ (Devanagari)
ಪಹುವಇ (Kannada)

Old Gujarati: पहुवइ (pahuvaï)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *per-
Proto-Indo-European *pró
Proto-Indo-European *pro-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *pra-
Sanskrit प्र- (pra-)
Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰuHtás
Sanskrit भूत (bhūta)
Sanskrit प्रभूत (prabhūta)
Prakrit 𑀧𑀳𑀽𑀅 (pahūa)
Prakrit -𑀅𑀇 (-aï)
Prakrit 𑀧𑀳𑀼𑀯𑀇 (pahuvaï)
Denominal verb of 𑀧𑀳𑀽𑀅 (pahūa), 𑀧𑀪𑀽𑀬 (pabhūya, “much”) + -𑀅𑀇 (-aï). Turner proposes the derivation is by analogy with verbs of the type 𑀥𑀽𑀅 (dhūa) ~ 𑀥𑀼𑀯𑀇 (dhuvaï).

etymon

𑀧𑀳𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀇 𑀧𑀳𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀇#Prakrit

synonym of 𑀧𑀳𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀇 (pahuppaï, “to be powerful; to reach”)


पहुच्चइ

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<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಪಹುಚ್ಚಇ</i>

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पहुच्चइ (pahuccaï) (Kannada ಪಹುಚ್ಚಇ) (intransitive)

pahuccaï (romanization)
ಪಹುಚ್ಚಇ (Kannada)

𑀧𑀳𑀼𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀇 𑀧𑀳𑀼𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀇#Prakrit

Devanagari script form of 𑀧𑀳𑀼𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀇 (“to be powerful, reach”)


पहुवइ

पहुवइ (pahuvaï) (Kannada ಪಹುವಇ) (intransitive)

𑀧𑀳𑀼𑀯𑀇 𑀧𑀳𑀼𑀯𑀇#Prakrit

Devanagari script form of 𑀧𑀳𑀼𑀯𑀇 (“to be powerful, reach”)


जोडेइ

जोडेइ (joḍei) (Kannada ಜೋಡೇಇ) (transitive)

𑀚𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇 𑀚𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇#Prakrit

Devanagari script form of 𑀚𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇 (“to join, yoke”)


𑀙𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">छोडेइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಛೋಡೇಇ</i>

𑀙𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇 (choḍei) (Devanagari छोडेइ, Kannada ಛೋಡೇಇ)

choḍei (romanization)
छोडेइ (Devanagari)
ಛೋಡೇಇ (Kannada)
𑀙𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀤𑀺 (alternative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *úd
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ud-
Sanskrit उद्- (ud-)
Proto-Indo-European *selǵ-
Sanskrit सृज् (sṛj)
Sanskrit उत्सृज् (utsṛj)
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *-tás
Sanskrit -त (-ta)
Sanskrit उत्सृष्ट (utsṛṣṭa)bf.?
Prakrit 𑀙𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝 (chuṭṭa)
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti
Sanskrit -अयति (-ayati)
Prakrit -𑀏𑀇 (-ei)
Prakrit 𑀙𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇 (choḍei)
From 𑀙𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝 (chuṭṭa, “released”) + -𑀏𑀇 (-ei); see there for more. For the phonology, compare 𑀢𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝 (tuṭṭa, “broken”) ~ 𑀢𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇 (toḍei, “breaks”).


𑀙𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">छुट्टइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಛುಟ್ಟಇ</i>

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𑀙𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀇 (chuṭṭaï) (Devanagari छुट्टइ, Kannada ಛುಟ್ಟಇ) (intransitive)

chuṭṭaï (romanization)
छुट्टइ (Devanagari)
ಛುಟ್ಟಇ (Kannada)
𑀙𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀤𑀺 (alternative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

Hindi: छूटना (chūṭnā)

desc

Urdu: چُھوٹْنا (chūṭnā)

Urdu: چُھوٹْنا (chūṭnā)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: छुट्नु (chuṭnu)

⇒ Nepali: छुट्ट्याउनु (chuṭṭyāunu), छुट्टाउनु (chuṭṭāunu)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi: ਛੁੱਟਣਾ (chuṭṭaṇā, “to be freed”)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: છૂટવું (chūṭvũ)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *úd
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ud-
Sanskrit उद्- (ud-)
Proto-Indo-European *selǵ-
Sanskrit सृज् (sṛj)
Sanskrit उत्सृज् (utsṛj)
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *-tás
Sanskrit -त (-ta)
Sanskrit उत्सृष्ट (utsṛṣṭa)bf.?
Prakrit 𑀙𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝 (chuṭṭa)
Prakrit -𑀅𑀇 (-aï)
Prakrit 𑀙𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀇 (chuṭṭaï)
Denominal verb of 𑀙𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝 (chuṭṭa, “released”) + -𑀅𑀇 (-aï).


𑀓𑀫𑀮

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">कमल</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">કમલ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಕಮಲ</i>

𑀓𑀫𑀮 (kamala) n (Devanagari कमल, Gujarati કમલ, Kannada ಕಮಲ)

kamala (romanization)
कमल (Devanagari)
કમલ (Gujarati)
ಕಮಲ (Kannada)
𑀓𑀫𑀮𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀓𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀓𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀓𑀫𑀮𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀓𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀓𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀓𑀫𑀮𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀓𑀫𑀮𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀓𑀫𑀮𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀓𑀫𑀮𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀓𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀓𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀫𑀮𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀓𑀫𑀮𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀓𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀓𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀓𑀫𑀮𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀓𑀫𑀮𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀓𑀫𑀮𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀓𑀫𑀮𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀓𑀫𑀮 (singular vocative)
𑀓𑀫𑀮𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀓𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀓𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)
𑀓𑀫𑀴 (alternative)

Apabhramsa: kamala

Devanagari script: कमल (see there for further descendants)

Sharada script: 𑆑𑆩𑆬 (see there for further descendants)


𑀢𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">तोडेइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ತೋಡೇಇ</i>

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𑀢𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇 (toḍei) (Devanagari तोडेइ, Kannada ತೋಡೇಇ) (transitive)

toḍei (romanization)
तोडेइ (Devanagari)
ತೋಡೇಇ (Kannada)
𑀢𑁄𑀟𑀇 (alternative)
*𑀝𑁄𑀟𑀇 (alternative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

Hindi: तोड़ना (toṛnā)

Urdu: تورْنا (tornā)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali-Assamese:

Bengali: তুড়া (tuṛa)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: तूड़ल (tūṛal)

Odia: ତୋଡ଼ିବା (toṛibā)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਤੋਡ਼ਨਾ (toṛnā)

Shahmukhi script: تورْنا (tornā)

Sindhi: ٽوڙَڻُ (ṭoṛaṇu)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Marathi: तोडणे (toḍṇe)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Gujarati: તોડવું (toḍvũ)

→ Sanskrit: त्रोटयति (troṭayati)

Prakrit verb set
 𑀝𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀇 (ṭuṭṭaï)
 𑀢𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇 (toḍei)
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *terd-
Sanskrit तृद् (tṛd)
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *-tás
Sanskrit -त (-ta)
Prakrit 𑀢𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝 (tuṭṭa)
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti
Sanskrit -अयति (-ayati)
Prakrit -𑀏𑀇 (-ei)
Prakrit 𑀢𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇 (toḍei)
Denominal verb of 𑀢𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝 (tuṭṭa, “broken”) + -𑀏𑀇 (-ei), from Sanskrit *तृत्त (tṛtta, “split”), from तृद् (tṛd, “to cleave, split”) + -त (-ta). Compare the participle तृण्ण (tṛṇṇa) with a different suffix.
The back-formation is by analogy with Sanskrit verbs like बुद्ध (buddhá) ~ बोधयति (bodháyati). Sanskrit forms organised under the root त्रुट् (truṭ) are Sanskritisations not attested before the Classical period.


-𑀏𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">-एइ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">-ಏಇ</i>

-ei (romanization)
-एइ (Devanagari)
-ಏಇ (Kannada)
-𑀏𑀤𑀺 (alternative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti
Sanskrit -अयति (-ayati)
Prakrit -𑀏𑀇 (-ei)
Inherited from Sanskrit -अयति (-ayati).