零

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (零):
* → Japanese: 零(れい) (rei)
* → Korean: 령(零) (ryeong)
* → Vietnamese: linh (零)

→ Bouyei: lingz

→ Lü: ᦟᦲᧃᧉ (liin²)

→ Zhuang: lingz

/liaŋ²²⁻²²⁵/

/liaŋ²²⁻²²⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *riːŋ, *reːŋ, *reːŋs): semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs). On the oracle bone script, only thick raindrops are depicted falling from the sky.
Unclear. Schuessler (2007) proposes several possibilities:
* From Austroasiatic; compare Khmer ភ្លៀង (phliəng, “rain”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *(p)liɲ ~ *(p)liəɲ ~ (p)liiɲ (“sky, rain”).
* Possibly related to Jingpho marang (“rain”), for which STEDT sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-raŋ (“rain”). Starostin also relates it to this Jingpho word and sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rēŋ (“to drop”), also comparing Tibetan སྤྲིན (sprin, “cloud”) and Burmese ရည် (rany, “liquid; juice”).
* Possibly related to 隕 (OC *ɢunʔ, “to drop”) and 霣 (OC *ɢunʔ, “to rain; to fall down like rain”) if one assumes Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r/s/g-wa (“water; rain”) (or its variant *rwe-) can be simplified to *re- and *we-.
Sense "zero" is introduced in 1248 by Chinese mathematician Li Ye.

inh

〇
𠏡
𡈍
𤅫
𥥋
𮖿
𩂙
霗
𩃞
𩅶
𩆖
𩆼
⿳⻗人𰆊

斗零 [Cantonese] ― dau² ling⁴⁻² [Jyutping] ― five-cent coin (literally, “[coin with mass of] 3 candareens and 6 cash”)

in 之辰代碼 /之辰代码


一

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (一):
* → Japanese: 一(いち) (ichi); 一(いつ) (itsu)
* → Okinawan: 一(いち) (ichi)
* → Korean: 일(一) (il)
* → Jeju: 일 (il)
* → Vietnamese: nhất (一)

→ Ahom: 𑜒𑜢𑜄𑜫 (ʼit)

→ Bouyei: idt

→ Chadong: jit⁷, ji⁴

→ Lao: ເອັດ (ʼet)

→ Shan: ဢဵတ်း (ʼáet)

→ Tai Nüa: ᥟᥥᥖᥱ (ʼět)

→ Thai: เอ็ด (èt)

→ Zhuang: it

Standard Chinese phonology#Tones on special syllables

Ideogram (指事): a horizontal stroke, indicating the number “one”.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔit. Descendants from the *ʔit etymon account for the majority of the dialectal forms for “one” in Chinese (Mandarin, Jin, Gan, Hakka, Hui, Xiang, Yue, Wu groups, etc.).


金

Sino-Xenic (金):
* → Japanese: 金(きん) (kin)
* → Korean: 금(金) (geum), 김(金) (gim)
* → Vietnamese: kim (金)

→ Bouyei: jiml (“gold”)

→ Lao: ຄຳ (kham, “gold”)

→ Thai: คำ (kam, “gold”)

→ Zhuang: gim (“gold”)

→ Tagalog: ginto (“gold”)

Characters in the same phonetic series (金) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *krɯm): semantic 士 (“upside-down ritual axe perhaps made of precious materials”) + semantic 丷 (“two blocks of metal”) + phonetic 亼. The semantic component in folk etymology is very often misinterpreted as 王. The minerals, originally drawn as : and then as 丷, are sometimes indicated as 呂, however the latter is the pictogram of two vertebrae.
The upper component 亼 is the ancient form for 今 (OC *krɯm) and it represents an open mouth flipped upside down; it indicates the original pronunciation of the whole character.
Shuowen interprets it as an image of metal in the earth (Xu Shen writes "象金在土中形") with 亼 as phonetic. But the most ancient versions do not contain the pictogram of the earth.
Originally referred to copper, first used during the Copper Age and the Jade Age in China (hence before the Bronze Age, during which the first bronzes were produced); later the meaning was extended to metal as a whole, and then to gold.
Starostin reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gǝ̆m (“metal”); compare Tedim Chin xam (“gold”) and Lepcha ᰀᰩᰮ (kóm, “silver, coin, money”).
“Copper” [prior to 5th BCE] → “metals in general” → “gold”.
The main senses now are “gold” and “metal”.
Some of the Manchu people with this surname are descendants of the Qing imperial family and is a calque of Manchu ᠠᡳᠰᡳᠨ (aisin, “gold”) in their original surname ᠠᡳᠰᡳᠨ
ᡤᡳᠣᡵᠣ (aisin gioro).

defdate

prior to 5th <small class='ce-date'>BCE</small>

𠊍
𨤾
⿳仺𭕄一
𠈘
𠉓
𨥀
𨥄
⿱丿⿴囗⿱二水

金豬／金猪 [Cantonese] ― gam¹ zyu¹ [Jyutping] ― roasted suckling pig


條子

/tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/tʰiːu̯²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/tʰiːu̯²¹ t͡siː³⁵/


咖喱

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² li⁴²/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³/

/ka³³⁻²¹ li³³/

/ka³³⁻²¹ ɹi³³/

/ka³³⁻²³ li⁵⁵/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² li⁴²/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³/

/ka³³⁻²¹ li³³/

/ka³³⁻²¹ ɹi³³/

/ka³³⁻²³ li⁵⁵/

Borrowed from English curry, from Tamil கறி (kaṟi).


美子

/meɪ̯²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/meɪ̯²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)


雷子

/leɪ̯³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/leɪ̯³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/


三沙

/sän⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

(Hong Kong Cantonese, construction cant) subsubcontractor


港紙

/kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/kuɔŋ³¹ t͡sz̩³¹/

/kaŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sua⁴¹/

/kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sua⁵³/

/kaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sua⁵²⁻²¹/

/kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/kuɔŋ³¹ t͡sz̩³¹/

/kaŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sua⁴¹/

/kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sua⁵³/

/kaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sua⁵²⁻²¹/

一百蚊港紙

一百蚊港纸

(chiefly Cantonese, Pinghua, Hakka, Southern Min, Liuzhou Mandarin, cant in Beijing Mandarin) Hong Kong dollar


貓仔

/mɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡saɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maːu̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

/ŋiau¹¹ ə⁵⁵/

/ma⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾iaŋ³³/

/niãu⁴⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/niãu³³ a⁵⁵⁴/

/niãu⁴⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/niãu⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁵³/

/niãu⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁴¹/

/mɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡saɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maːu̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

/ŋiau¹¹ ə⁵⁵/

/ma⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾iaŋ³³/

/niãu⁴⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/niãu³³ a⁵⁵⁴/

/niãu⁴⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/niãu⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁵³/

/niãu⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁴¹/

/ba²⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/ba²⁴⁻²² a⁵⁵⁴/

/ba¹³⁻²² a⁵³/

/ba²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³/

/ba²³⁻³³ a⁴¹/

/ba²⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/ba²⁴⁻²² a⁵⁵⁴/

/ba¹³⁻²² a⁵³/

/ba²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³/

/ba²³⁻³³ a⁴¹/

(Hong Kong Cantonese, construction cant) bobcat (vehicle)


招子

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/


肥豬

/feɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/

/pui⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ty⁵⁵/

/pui⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾ly⁵⁵/

/pui²⁴⁻²² ti³³/

/pui²³⁻³³ ti⁴⁴/

/pui²⁴⁻¹¹ tu⁴⁴/

/pui²⁴⁻²² tɯ³³/

/pui²⁴⁻²¹ tɯ⁴⁴/

/feɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/

/pui⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ty⁵⁵/

/pui⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾ly⁵⁵/

/pui²⁴⁻²² ti³³/

/pui²³⁻³³ ti⁴⁴/

/pui²⁴⁻¹¹ tu⁴⁴/

/pui²⁴⁻²² tɯ³³/

/pui²⁴⁻²¹ tɯ⁴⁴/

(figurative, obsolete, cant) rich person who is deemed worthy of being robbed; person kidnapped for ransom


雞頭

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/kɐi̯⁵⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/kue⁴⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/kue⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²⁴/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²³/

/ke⁴⁴⁻²² tʰau¹³/

/koi³³⁻²³ tʰau⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/kɐi̯⁵⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/kue⁴⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/kue⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²⁴/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²³/

/ke⁴⁴⁻²² tʰau¹³/

/koi³³⁻²³ tʰau⁵⁵/

(Hong Kong Cantonese, construction cant) excavator (vehicle)


打眼

/tä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jɑɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taː³⁵ ŋaːn¹³/

/tä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jɑɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taː³⁵ ŋaːn¹³/

(cant) to have an oversight and be cheated when buying (an antique)


港子

/kɑŋ²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/kɑŋ²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

(Beijing Mandarin, cant) Hong Kong dollar


流子

/li̯əu̯¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/li̯əu̯¹³ t͡sz̩³/


紅棍

/xʊŋ³⁵ ku̯ən⁵¹/

/hʊŋ²¹ kʷɐn³³/

/xʊŋ³⁵ ku̯ən⁵¹/

/hʊŋ²¹ kʷɐn³³/

(Hong Kong Cantonese, crime, cant) red pole (a martial commander in a triad, similar to a caporegime in the Mafia)


寶路華

(Hong Kong Cantonese, construction cant) blower; industrial-scale fan


叻架

/lɪk̚⁵ kaː³³⁻³⁵/

/lɪk̚⁵ kaː³³⁻³⁵/

(Hong Kong Cantonese, construction cant) rigger


K批

/kʰei̯⁵⁵ pʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

/kʰei̯⁵⁵ pʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

(Hong Kong Cantonese, construction cant) clay pipe


架步

2015 December 3, 蕭健煌, “2015年12月03日的聆訊紀錄本 [Transcript of the Hearing held on 03 December 2015]”, in 食水含鉛超標調查委員會 [Commission of Inquiry into Excess Lead Found in Drinking Water], page 131:

dou³ fo³ hau⁶, sek⁶ tiu⁴⁻² wui⁵ cyun⁴ fong³ jyu¹ dei⁶ pun⁴ dik¹ “si⁶ do¹ fong⁴⁻²”, zuk⁶ cing¹ “gaa³ bou⁶”, jat¹ bun¹ wai⁴ cyun⁴ fong³ tung⁴ hau⁴, tung⁴ hau⁴ pui³ gin⁶⁻² kap⁶ gung¹ gung¹ jau⁵ gang¹ ji¹ zi¹ jung⁶ dang².

到貨後，錫條會存放於地盤的「士多房」，俗稱「架步」，一般為存放銅喉、銅喉配件及供工友更衣之用等。

到货后，锡条会存放于地盘的「士多房」，俗称「架步」，一般为存放铜喉、铜喉配件及供工友更衣之用等。

(construction cant) temporary structure for purposes such as storage, office, or resting


威令

/wɐi̯⁵⁵ lɪŋ²²⁻³⁵/

/wɐi̯⁵⁵ lɪŋ²²⁻³⁵/

(Hong Kong Cantonese, construction cant) waling


波批

/pɔː⁵⁵ pʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

/pɔː⁵⁵ pʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

(Hong Kong Cantonese, construction cant) bored pile


給葡拿

/kʰɐp̚⁵ pʰou̯²¹ laː²¹/

/kʰɐp̚⁵ pʰou̯²¹ laː²¹/

2002-2003, 優質工序系列 [Quality field practices], 香港房屋協會, Volume 1:

jyu⁴ gwo² jiu³ jung⁶ kap¹ pou⁴ laa⁴ lai⁴ zou⁶ bok³ tit³ fong¹ faat³, jau⁶ waak⁶ ze² jiu³ hai² sek⁶ si² sau¹ hau² wai⁶ zi³ dou⁶ lau⁴ sau¹ hau² tit³ ge³ waa⁶⁻², jiu³ dim² aa⁶?

如果要用給葡拿嚟做駁鐵方法，又或者要喺石屎收口位置度留收口鐵嘅話，要點呀？

如果要用给葡拿嚟做驳铁方法，又或者要喺石屎收口位置度留收口铁嘅话，要点呀？


兀雞

/kɐt̚² kɐi̯⁵⁵/

/kɐt̚² kɐi̯⁵⁵/

兀雞樓面／兀鸡楼面 [Cantonese] ― gat⁶ gai¹ lau⁴ min⁶⁻² [Jyutping] ― cantilever slab

(Cantonese, engineering and construction cant) cantilever


豬腸膠

/t͡syː⁵⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹⁻³⁵ kaːu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹⁻³⁵ kaːu̯⁵⁵/

(Hong Kong Cantonese, construction cant) air-conditioning foam-rubber insulation


蝦殼

/haː⁵⁵ hɔːk̚³/

/haː⁵⁵ hɔːk̚³/

(Hong Kong Cantonese, construction cant) pipe cladding


萬兒

Ài Hǔ shuō: “Bù yòng. Wǒ hái yǒu jù huà nǐ xiān gěi wǒ dài le qù. Nǐmen zhàizhǔ shì shénme wànrwanr? Kě jiù shì wèn xìng.”

艾虎說：「不用。我還有句話你先給我帶了去。你們寨主是甚麽萬兒萬兒？可就是問姓。」

艾虎说：「不用。我还有句话你先给我带了去。你们寨主是甚么万儿万儿？可就是问姓。」

(Can we date this quote?), chapter 13, in 大八義:

Nà huǒji yī tīng, lái dào qiánbiān wèn dào: “Hézì, nǐ bǎ nǐmen piáo bàzi de wànr dào shànglái.” Shí Lù shuō: “Wǒmen piáo bàzi méi wànr, jìng shì húlu tóu.” Huǒji shuō: “Nǐ mǎn kǒu luàndào.” Shí Lù shuō: “Nǐ cái mǎn kǒu lǐ fàng pào ne.”

那伙計一聽，來到前邊問道：「合字，你把你們瓢把子的萬兒道上來。」石祿說：「我們瓢把子沒萬兒，竟是葫蘆頭。」伙計說：「你滿口亂道。」石祿說：「你才滿口裡放炮呢。」

那伙计一听，来到前边问道：「合字，你把你们瓢把子的万儿道上来。」石禄说：「我们瓢把子没万儿，竟是葫芦头。」伙计说：「你满口乱道。」石禄说：「你才满口里放炮呢。」