近

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns) – to be near something.
Karlgren (1933) relates 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns) to 幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”).
近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”) is the exoactive/causative derivation of 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Compare Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ, whence Vietnamese gần (“near”).


個

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (個):
* → Japanese: 個(こ) (ko)
* → Korean: 개(個) (gae)
* → Vietnamese: cá (個)

Wutunhua: -ge

→? Baba Malay: punya (semantic loan)

desc

→? Vietnamese: cái (possibly some contamination)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaːls): semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 固 (OC *kaːs).
The semantics may have developed along the grammaticalisation process "bamboo stalk" (箇) > "piece, item" > "classifier for every category of noun" > "possessive particle, generic particle". If so, it would then possibly be cognate with 竿 (OC *kaːn, “bamboo, rod”). Compare Tibetan མཁར་བ (mkhar ba), འཁར་བ ('khar ba, “walking stick, staff”) and Thai ก้าน (gâan, “stem, stalk”).
; Southern Min classifier and possessive particle
; Wu classifier and possessive particle

Han compound

个
箇
个
兮
的
ㄟ
ケ
亓
亇

may use corresponding classifier in certain contexts

三個九毫九

三个九毫九

八個六

八个六

個半十隻檸檬

个半十只柠檬

三個銀

三个银

兩斤五個

两斤五个

個銀三粒

个银三粒

(Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew, Puxian Min, Wenzhounese) Classifier for money: yuan, dollar; buck


妝

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ʔsraŋ): phonetic 爿 (OC *braːn, *zaŋ) + semantic 女 (“female”).


毒

Pictogram (象形) - a woman wearing a feathered ornament - original form of 纛 (OC *duːɡs, *duːɡ). If this is the correct interpretation, see also 每.
Alternatively, Li Xueqin (2012) proposes it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *l'uːɡ): semantic 屮 (“vegetation”) + phonetic 毐 (OC *ʔmɯː, *ʔmɯːʔ), meaning "a type of poisonous plant."
; “poison”
; “to poison” (Pronunciation 2)
; “nerdy”

Han compound

𭖪
𡴛
𡹆
𥲮
𦸕
𫦚
𧉉
𤯟
杜
餖
透
𭖪
踱
喥

(Cantonese, Hakka, Min, Wenzhounese, colloquial) to poison; to administer poison to


添

→ Vietnamese: thêm

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *tʰiːm): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 忝 (OC *l̥ʰiːmʔ, *l̥ʰiːms) – to increase by pouring more water in.
Compare Proto-Tai *k.temᴬ (“full”), whence Thai เต็ม (dtem, “full”) (Manomaivibool, 1975).

Han compound

Excuse me, two more bowls of steamed rice, please!

m⁴ goi¹, jiu³ do¹ loeng⁵ wun² baak⁶ faan⁶ tim¹ aa¹!

唔該，要多兩碗白飯添吖！

唔该，要多两碗白饭添吖！

Since there is still two hours before boarding anyway, there's no worry in napping a little more.

waang⁴ dim⁶ zung⁶ jau⁵ loeng⁵ go³ zung¹ sin¹ soeng⁵ dak¹ gei¹, zoi³ min⁴ zan⁶ tim¹ dou¹ m⁴ paa³.

橫掂仲有兩個鐘先上得機，再眠陣添都唔怕。

横掂仲有两个钟先上得机，再眠阵添都唔怕。

1998, 一同分享觀看電視的樂趣，並給予兒童適當指導 [Share the joy of watching TV and provide children with guidance], 廣播事務管理局:

Six eggs, two teaspoons of sugar, and also some orange peels.

gai¹ daan⁶⁻² luk⁶ zek³, tong⁴ ne¹ zau⁶ loeng⁵ caa⁴ ci⁴, zoi³ jau⁵ di¹ caang⁴⁻² pei⁴ tim¹.

雞蛋六隻，糖呢就兩茶匙，再有啲橙皮添。

鸡蛋六只，糖呢就两茶匙，再有啲橙皮添。

(Cantonese, Hakka, Wenzhounese) again; more


爭

→ Vietnamese: giành

Pictogram (象形) – two hands on a plowshare. The two hands are still visibile on top of the character (爪 and 彐), while the plowshare looks like a vertical hook in modern writing.
; "to dispute; to fight; to contend; to strive"
; "to lack; to owe"

Going to community college and going to university for an undergrad are different though.

讀大專伉讀本科是有爭個。

读大专伉读本科是有争个。


瓪

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *praːnʔ, *paːnʔ): semantic 瓦 + phonetic 反 (OC *panʔ, *pʰan).

Han compound

(Wenzhounese, vulgar) vulva or/and vagina; cunt


緊

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kinʔ): phonetic 臤 (OC *kʰaːn, *kʰriːn, *ɡiːn, *kʰins) + semantic 糸.

Han compound

GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified); † - only used for pulled objects as a resultative

not rushed and not slow; taking one's time

不緊不慢

不紧不慢

伊走了真緊。

伊走了真紧。

(literary or Hokkien, Datian Min, Zhao'an Hakka, Wenzhounese) quick; rapid; quickly


罷

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 网 + 能 - catch a bear with a web. According to Shuowen Jiezi, it originally means "catch criminals"; according to Zhang Shunhui (張舜徽), it means "tired" with a reference to a bear being caught while tired after a chase. The web at the top of the character is well visible in its original version 𦋼.
Likely cognate with Proto-Lolo-Burmese *N-bri¹/² (“full, complete”), whence Burmese ပြီ (pri, “to finish”) (STEDT).

cog

(Wenzhounese) Used at the end of a sentence to indicate a change of state or the beginning of an action.


聽

Originally 𦔻, hence ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 耳 (“ear”) + 口 (“mouth(s)”) – to listen. Compare the top component of 聖.
Later, rewritten as phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *l̥ʰeːŋ, *l̥ʰeːŋs): phonetic 𡈼 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋʔ) + semantic 耳 (“ear”) + semantic 㥁 on the right.
The simplified version, 𠯸 (later stylized as 听), is totally unrelated to the original character and it originally means "smiling".
This is traditionally considered to have the same origin as 聖 (OC *hljeŋs, “to hear; wise; sage”) and 聲 (OC *qʰjeŋ, “sound”). Additionally, it may be also related to 聆 (OC *reːŋ, “to hear; to listen”) (Wang, 1982).
Outside connections unclear, although note Proto-Hlai *hliːŋ (“to hear (it said)”) from Pre-Hlai *(h)leːŋ (Norquest, 2007).
Derivatives:
* 廳 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋ, “hall, i.e. where hearings take place”)
* 廷 (OC *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ, “palace courtyard”).

och-l

听
聴
聼
𦗟
𦔻
𠯸
𦔽
𦕢
𦕘
𦖆
𦘏
𪢧
听
听
𪢧


能

Characters in the same phonetic series (能) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形): bear. Compare 熊 (OC *ɢʷlɯm, “bear”). In the character, two paws are visible as a pair of 匕 and the face with the open mouth is stylized as 月.
; "bear-like animal"
; “be able to; can; ability”
: Possibly Proto-Sino-Tibetan (which STEDT tentatively reconstructs as *m-nyaŋ (“can, be able”)): compare Tibetan ནུས (nus, “to be able to; capable; to withstand; capacity; strength; force; power; function; energy”), Burmese နိုင် (nuing, “can, be able to, may; master; win; prevail”). Schuessler (2007) also derives 態 (OC *n̥ʰɯːs, “apparition, bearing, manner”) from this; see also 忍 (OC *njɯnʔ, “to suffer, endure”).
: Compare the old pre-Sino–Vietnamese loanword nổi (“be able to; capable”).

och-l

搿能

好好能走

慢慢能吃

(Sujiahu Wu, Wenzhounese, Jinhua and Quzhou Wu) way; manner


膠

→ Burmese: ကော် (kau)

→ Khmer: កាវ (kaaw)

→ Lao: ກາວ (kāo)

→? Sundanese: ka

→ Thai: กาว (gaao)

→ Vietnamese: keo (non-Sino-Vietnamese)

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *krɯːw, *krɯːws, *kʰrɯːw): semantic ⺼ (“meat; flesh”) + phonetic 翏 (OC *ɡ·rɯːw, *ɡ·rɯws).


譀

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *qʰlaːms, *qʰraːms, *qʰraːb): semantic 言 (“words; speech”) + phonetic 敢 (OC *klaːmʔ).


配

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 酉 (“alcohol vessel”) + 卩 (“kneeling person”).

(Eastern Min, Wenzhounese) a dish served to accompany rice or other staple food


鋪

/pʰou̯³³⁻³⁵/

/pʰou̯³³⁻³⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *pʰaː, *pʰaːs, *pʰa): semantic 金 (“gold; metal”) + phonetic 甫 (OC *paʔ).

Han compound

GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

(Cantonese, Northern Min, Eastern Min, Southern Min, Nanning Pinghua, Wenzhounese) unit of distance equivalent to 10 li


顯

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 日 (“sun”) + 絲 (“silk”) + 頁 (“person's head”).


糞掃

粪扫
糞埽
糞倒
糞屑
糞𡎮

/puŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nɔ²¹³/

/pun¹¹⁻⁵³ so¹¹/

/pun²¹⁻⁵³ sɔ²¹/

/pun²¹⁻⁴¹ sɤ²¹/

/pun²¹⁻⁵³ so²¹/

/pun²¹⁻⁴² so²¹/

/pun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ so⁴¹/

/puŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nɔ²¹³/

/pun¹¹⁻⁵³ so¹¹/

/pun²¹⁻⁵³ sɔ²¹/

/pun²¹⁻⁴¹ sɤ²¹/

/pun²¹⁻⁵³ so²¹/

/pun²¹⁻⁴² so²¹/

/pun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ so⁴¹/

Giĕ-mō̤ bà bóng-só̤, mò̤-dâi tō̤-dâi có̤. / [kie⁵⁵⁻⁵³ mo³³ pa⁵³ puŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nɔ²¹³ mo⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɑi²⁴² tʰo³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɑi²⁴² t͡sɔ²¹³]

雞母扒糞掃，無事討事做。

鸡母扒粪扫，无事讨事做。

(Eastern Min, Hokkien, Wenzhounese) trash; rubbish; garbage


別儂

/pat̚¹²¹⁻²¹ laŋ¹³/

/pat̚²⁴⁻² laŋ²⁴/

/pat̚⁴³⁻²¹ laŋ²⁴/

/pat̚⁴⁻³² laŋ²⁴/

/pat̚⁴⁻³² laŋ²³/

/pat̚¹²¹⁻²¹ laŋ¹³/

/pat̚²⁴⁻² laŋ²⁴/

/pat̚⁴³⁻²¹ laŋ²⁴/

/pat̚⁴⁻³² laŋ²⁴/

/pat̚⁴⁻³² laŋ²³/

(Southern Min, Jinhua Wu and Wenzhounese) others; other people


女兒

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀɤɻ³⁵/

/nɵy̯¹³ jiː²¹/

/lu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ li²⁴/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li²⁴/

/lɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ li²⁴/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zi¹³/

/lu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ zi²³/

/n̠ʲy²² ɦəl⁴⁴/

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀɤɻ³⁵/

/nɵy̯¹³ jiː²¹/

/lu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ li²⁴/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li²⁴/

/lɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ li²⁴/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zi¹³/

/lu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ zi²³/

/n̠ʲy²² ɦəl⁴⁴/


山芋

/suã⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ³³/

/suã⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ³³/


皇天

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/


發喪

/fä⁵⁵ sɑŋ⁵⁵/

/faːt̚³ sɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ sɔŋ⁴⁴/

/huat̚⁵⁻²⁴ sɔŋ³³/

/huat̚³²⁻⁵ sɔŋ⁴⁴/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ sɔŋ⁴⁴/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ sɔŋ⁴⁴/

/fä⁵⁵ sɑŋ⁵⁵/

/faːt̚³ sɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ sɔŋ⁴⁴/

/huat̚⁵⁻²⁴ sɔŋ³³/

/huat̚³²⁻⁵ sɔŋ⁴⁴/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ sɔŋ⁴⁴/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ sɔŋ⁴⁴/

(dated) to hold a funeral; to arrange a funeral

(Jinan Mandarin, Sichuanese, Wenzhounese) to hold a funeral procession; to carry a coffin to the cemetery


福建話

ㄈㄨˊ ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ

ㄈㄨˊ ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ

/fu³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/fʊk̚⁵ kiːn³³ waː²²⁻³⁵/

/fɵk̚⁵⁵ ken³² va³²⁻³²⁵/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kiɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ ue³³/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ ue²²/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kiɛn²¹⁻⁴² ue²²/

/hɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ kiɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ue⁴¹/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kiɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ ue³³/

/hɔk̚³⁻⁴ kiɛn²¹⁻³³ ua²¹/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁵ kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ ua²²/

/hok̚²⁻⁴ kieŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ue¹¹/

/hok̚²⁻⁴ kiaŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ue¹¹/

/fu³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/fʊk̚⁵ kiːn³³ waː²²⁻³⁵/

/fɵk̚⁵⁵ ken³² va³²⁻³²⁵/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kiɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ ue³³/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ ue²²/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kiɛn²¹⁻⁴² ue²²/

/hɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ kiɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ue⁴¹/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kiɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ ue³³/

/hɔk̚³⁻⁴ kiɛn²¹⁻³³ ua²¹/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁵ kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ ua²²/

/hok̚²⁻⁴ kieŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ue¹¹/

/hok̚²⁻⁴ kiaŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ue¹¹/

(chiefly Southeast Asia, Wenzhounese) Hokkien (Southern Min)

GT

General TaiwaneseMD - General Eastern Min


阿娘

/ˀä⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/a²⁴ niɑŋ²⁴/

/aː³³ nœːŋ²¹/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niã²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²⁴/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niã²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²³/

/an⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niã²⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ nie⁵⁵/

/a³³⁻²³ nio⁵⁵/

/a⁵⁵ n̠ʲiã²¹/

/aʔ³³ n̠ʲiã⁴⁴/

/ˀä⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/a²⁴ niɑŋ²⁴/

/aː³³ nœːŋ²¹/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niã²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²⁴/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niã²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²³/

/an⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niã²⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ nie⁵⁵/

/a³³⁻²³ nio⁵⁵/

/a⁵⁵ n̠ʲiã²¹/

/aʔ³³ n̠ʲiã⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niũ²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niɔ̃¹³/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niũ²⁴/

/an⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niũ²⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ nia⁵⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niũ²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niɔ̃¹³/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niũ²⁴/

/an⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niũ²⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ nia⁵⁵/

† - father's elder sister; ‡ - father's younger sister; § - married; ≠ - unmarried; ¶ - face-to-face; ∅ - non-face-to-face

§ - married; > - mother's elder sister; < - mother's younger sister

(Yunnan Mandarin, Wenzhounese) maternal aunt (mother's sister)


驢馬

(Wenzhounese) mule (offspring of a donkey and a horse)


㫰

Possibly from etymology 1.
Alternatively, possibly from alternative MC Reading of 晾 having went through voiced shang merger into qu. However, most Wu cognates demonstrate voiced qu tone, even in Southern Wu varieties that do not observed voiced shang merger into qu.
Compare Cantonese 晾 (long6).

天色生冷顯，覅逮被㫰起。

天色生冷显，覅逮被㫰起。

(Wenzhounese) to leave space beneath an object allowing for ventilation and drying

渠匄書記㫰起爻，一厘兒實權也冇。

渠匄书记㫰起爻，一厘儿实权也冇。

(Wenzhounese) to make a figurehead; to performatively set up


㾹

/t͡sʰaːi̯²¹/

/t͡sʰaːi̯²¹/

(literary or Wenzhounese) lean; thin; slim


天頂

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ tɪŋ³⁵/

/tʰieŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾niŋ³³/

/tʰiŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɛŋ⁴⁵³/

/tʰiŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɛŋ³³²/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ⁵³/

/tʰĩ³³ tiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ⁵³/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɪŋ⁵³/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɪŋ⁴¹/

/tʰĩ³³⁻²³ teŋ⁵²/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ tɪŋ³⁵/

/tʰieŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾niŋ³³/

/tʰiŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɛŋ⁴⁵³/

/tʰiŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɛŋ³³²/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ⁵³/

/tʰĩ³³ tiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ⁵³/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɪŋ⁵³/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɪŋ⁴¹/

/tʰĩ³³⁻²³ teŋ⁵²/

(literary or Eastern Min, Southern Min, Taiwanese Hakka, Wenzhounese) sky


走來

/t͡soʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ laɪ̯³⁵/

/t͡sɐu̯³⁵ lɔːi̯²¹/

/t͡soʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ laɪ̯³⁵/

/t͡sɐu̯³⁵ lɔːi̯²¹/


鐵板

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (鐵板):
* → Korean: 철판(鐵板) (cheolpan)

/tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰi¹¹⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾aŋ⁴⁵³/

/tʰi²¹⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βaŋ³³²/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ pan⁵³/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ pan⁵³/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ pan⁵³/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ pan⁴¹/

/tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰi¹¹⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾aŋ⁴⁵³/

/tʰi²¹⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βaŋ³³²/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ pan⁵³/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ pan⁵³/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ pan⁵³/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ pan⁴¹/


蝨子

(Pingxiang Gan, Huizhou, Wenzhounese) egg of a louse; nit


青翠

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰɵy̯³³/

/t͡sʰi̯aŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰu̯i⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰui²¹/

/t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰui¹¹/

/t͡sʰĩ³³ t͡sʰui⁴¹/

/t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰui²¹/

/t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰui²¹/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ t͡sʰui⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰui²¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰɵy̯³³/

/t͡sʰi̯aŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰu̯i⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰui²¹/

/t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰui¹¹/

/t͡sʰĩ³³ t͡sʰui⁴¹/

/t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰui²¹/

/t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰui²¹/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ t͡sʰui⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰui²¹/

(dialectal Hakka, Wenzhounese) kingfisher


蛆蟲

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɵy̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰu⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰaŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰi⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰaŋ²³/

/t͡sʰu³⁵⁻³³ tʰaŋ²²/

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɵy̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰu⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰaŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰi⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰaŋ²³/

/t͡sʰu³⁵⁻³³ tʰaŋ²²/

(Leizhou Min, Puxian Min, Wenzhounese) mosquito larva


天光

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ koŋ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴ kuɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰieŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuoŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰiŋ⁵³³⁻⁵⁵ kuŋ⁵³³/

/tʰiŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻⁵⁵ kŋ̍⁵⁴⁴/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴ kŋ̍⁴⁴/

/tʰĩ³³ kŋ̍³³/

/tʰĩ³³ kuĩ³³/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴ kuĩ⁴⁴/

/tʰĩ³³⁻²³ kɯŋ³³/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ koŋ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴ kuɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰieŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuoŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰiŋ⁵³³⁻⁵⁵ kuŋ⁵³³/

/tʰiŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻⁵⁵ kŋ̍⁵⁴⁴/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴ kŋ̍⁴⁴/

/tʰĩ³³ kŋ̍³³/

/tʰĩ³³ kuĩ³³/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴ kuĩ⁴⁴/

/tʰĩ³³⁻²³ kɯŋ³³/

(Liancheng Hakka, Huizhou, Hainanese, Wenzhounese) breakfast


鞋拖

/e¹³⁻¹¹ tʰua⁵³³/

/e¹³⁻¹¹ tʰuo⁵³³/

/ue²⁴⁻²¹ tʰua⁴⁴/

/ue²⁴⁻²² tʰua⁴⁴/

/ue²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰua⁴⁴/

/ue²⁴⁻²² tʰua³³/

/ue²⁴⁻¹² tʰua⁴⁴/

/e¹³⁻²² tʰua⁴⁴/

/e²³⁻³³ tʰua⁴⁴/

/e²⁴⁻²¹ tʰua⁴⁴/

/oi⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰua³³/

/e¹³⁻¹¹ tʰua⁵³³/

/e¹³⁻¹¹ tʰuo⁵³³/

/ue²⁴⁻²¹ tʰua⁴⁴/

/ue²⁴⁻²² tʰua⁴⁴/

/ue²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰua⁴⁴/

/ue²⁴⁻²² tʰua³³/

/ue²⁴⁻¹² tʰua⁴⁴/

/e¹³⁻²² tʰua⁴⁴/

/e²³⁻³³ tʰua⁴⁴/

/e²⁴⁻²¹ tʰua⁴⁴/

/oi⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰua³³/

(Hokkien, Teochew, Puxian Min, Wenzhounese) slippers; sandal


物色

/u⁵¹⁻⁵³ sɤ⁵¹/

/mɐt̚² sɪk̚⁵/

/but̚¹²¹⁻²¹ siɪk̚³²/

/but̚⁴⁻³² siɪk̚³²/

/u⁵¹⁻⁵³ sɤ⁵¹/

/mɐt̚² sɪk̚⁵/

/but̚¹²¹⁻²¹ siɪk̚³²/

/but̚⁴⁻³² siɪk̚³²/


名堂

/miŋ³⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/miŋ³⁵ tʰɑŋ³/

/mɪŋ²¹ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ²⁴/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ²⁴/

/biɪŋ¹³⁻²² tɔŋ¹³/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tɔŋ²⁴/

/biɪŋ²³⁻³³ tɔŋ²³/

/min²² dɑ̃⁴⁴/

/miŋ³⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/miŋ³⁵ tʰɑŋ³/

/mɪŋ²¹ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ²⁴/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ²⁴/

/biɪŋ¹³⁻²² tɔŋ¹³/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tɔŋ²⁴/

/biɪŋ²³⁻³³ tɔŋ²³/

/min²² dɑ̃⁴⁴/


大肚

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² tʰou̯¹³/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ tɔ³³/

/tua³³⁻²¹ tɔ³³/

/tua²²⁻²¹ tɔ²²/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² tɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² tʰou̯¹³/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ tɔ³³/

/tua³³⁻²¹ tɔ³³/

/tua²²⁻²¹ tɔ²²/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² tɔ⁵⁵⁴/

(Cantonese, Southern Min, Wenzhounese) to be pregnant


箬笠

/ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/jœːk̚² lɐp̚⁵/

/ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/jœːk̚² lɐp̚⁵/

(Huizhou, Northern Min, Wenzhounese) Asian conical hat

箬帽

Asian conical hat made of Indocalamus tessellatus


橫直

/xɤŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/uaŋ³⁵ t͡sʰɨt̚²/

/huaŋ⁵³⁻³³ tiʔ⁵/

/huãi²⁴⁻³³ tit̚⁴/

/huãi²⁴⁻²¹ tit̚⁴³/

/huãi²³⁻³³ tit̚⁴/

/huãi²⁴⁻²² tit̚⁴/

/huĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ tit̚⁴/

/huĩ²⁴⁻²¹ tit̚⁴³/

/huĩ²⁴⁻²² tit̚²⁴/

/huã¹³⁻²² tit̚¹²¹/

/ɸən¹³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/

/ɸən¹³ t͡sz̩²⁴/

/xɤŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/uaŋ³⁵ t͡sʰɨt̚²/

/huaŋ⁵³⁻³³ tiʔ⁵/

/huãi²⁴⁻³³ tit̚⁴/

/huãi²⁴⁻²¹ tit̚⁴³/

/huãi²³⁻³³ tit̚⁴/

/huãi²⁴⁻²² tit̚⁴/

/huĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ tit̚⁴/

/huĩ²⁴⁻²¹ tit̚⁴³/

/huĩ²⁴⁻²² tit̚²⁴/

/huã¹³⁻²² tit̚¹²¹/

/ɸən¹³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/

/ɸən¹³ t͡sz̩²⁴/

2016, “半醉人生”performed by 蔡秋鳳 [Kerris Tsai]:

If you are not afraid of death, then go all out, since you have one life regardless of whether you win or lose.

M̄ kiaⁿ-sí, tiō kah i piàⁿ, hûiⁿ-ti̍t su-iâⁿ chi̍t tiâu miā

不怕死，就甲伊拼，橫直輸贏一條命

不怕死，就甲伊拼，横直输赢一条命

(dialectal Mandarin, including Beijing and Wuhan Mandarin; Gan; Hakka; Min; Hunan Tuhua; Xiang; Wenzhounese) anyway; in any case; regardless


狼狗

/lɑŋ³⁵ koʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɔːŋ²¹ kɐu̯³⁵/

/lɑŋ³⁵ koʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɔːŋ²¹ kɐu̯³⁵/


烏青

/u⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/vu²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi̯aŋ²⁴/

/u⁵⁴ t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/ɔ³³ t͡sʰĩ³³/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/

/ou³³⁻²³ t͡sʰẽ³³/

/ɛu³⁵⁻³³ t͡sʰɛ³⁵/

/u⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰin²¹/

/u⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/vu²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi̯aŋ²⁴/

/u⁵⁴ t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/ɔ³³ t͡sʰĩ³³/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/

/ou³³⁻²³ t͡sʰẽ³³/

/ɛu³⁵⁻³³ t͡sʰɛ³⁵/

/u⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰin²¹/

(Hakka, Northern Min, Southern Min, Wenzhounese) bruise; blood stasis; haematoma; thrombosis; blood clot; extravasated blood


洗牙

/ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä³⁵/

/sɐi̯³⁵ ŋaː²¹/

/sɛ³³⁻³⁵ ŋai³³/

/ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä³⁵/

/sɐi̯³⁵ ŋaː²¹/

/sɛ³³⁻³⁵ ŋai³³/

(Zhao'an Hakka, Northern Min, Eastern Min, Wenzhounese) to brush one's teeth


車師

/t͡sʰia⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰia⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

(Zhangzhou Hokkien, Wenzhounese) (automobile) driver


大貓

/tä⁵¹ mɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tai̯²¹⁻¹¹ mɒu̯³³/

/tä⁵¹ mɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tai̯²¹⁻¹¹ mɒu̯³³/

(Jiahe Southwestern Mandarin; Yangjiang Yue; Changsha Xiang; dialectal Wu, including Wenzhounese) tiger

Jiahe Southwestern Mandarin; including Wenzhounese; Jiahe Southwestern Mandarin; including Wenzhounese


水雞

→ Indonesian: swike

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/ʂuəi¹¹⁻¹² t͡ɕi³¹/

/sɵy̯³⁵ kɐi̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sui³³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ie⁵⁵/

/t͡sy³³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ie⁵⁵/

/sui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kue³³/

/sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ke⁴⁴/

/sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ke⁴⁴/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ke⁴⁴/

/t͡sui⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ ke³³/

/sz̩³³ t͡ɕi⁴⁴/

/ɕy̯e̞i̯⁴¹ t͡ɕi³³/

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/ʂuəi¹¹⁻¹² t͡ɕi³¹/

/sɵy̯³⁵ kɐi̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sui³³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ie⁵⁵/

/t͡sy³³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ie⁵⁵/

/sui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kue³³/

/sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ke⁴⁴/

/sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ke⁴⁴/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ke⁴⁴/

/t͡sui⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ ke³³/

/sz̩³³ t͡ɕi⁴⁴/

/ɕy̯e̞i̯⁴¹ t͡ɕi³³/


刀兒

(Sichuanese, Hangzhounese and Wenzhounese) pocketknife; penknife


樹栽

/t͡sʰiu⁵⁵ t͡sɛ⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰiu²²⁻²¹ t͡sai⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁴¹⁻²² t͡sai³³/

/t͡sʰiu²²⁻²¹ t͡sai⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiu³³⁻¹¹ t͡sai⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiu³³⁻²¹ t͡sai⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁵⁵ t͡sɛ⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰiu²²⁻²¹ t͡sai⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁴¹⁻²² t͡sai³³/

/t͡sʰiu²²⁻²¹ t͡sai⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiu³³⁻¹¹ t͡sai⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiu³³⁻²¹ t͡sai⁴⁴/

(Min, Dongguan Cantonese, Wenzhounese) sapling; seedling


冰條

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tiau²⁴/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tiau¹³/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tiau²⁴/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tiau¹³/

(Xiamen, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou Hokkien, Wenzhounese) popsicle


紅菜

/aŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰai²¹/

/aŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sʰai²¹/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰai⁴¹/

/aŋ²⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰai²¹/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰai²¹/

/aŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sʰai²¹/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰai⁴¹/

/aŋ²⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰai²¹/


番薑

/huan⁴⁴⁻²² kiũ⁴⁴/

/huan⁴⁴⁻²² kiɔ̃⁴⁴/

/huan⁴⁴⁻²² kiũ⁴⁴/

/huan⁴⁴⁻²² kiɔ̃⁴⁴/

(Hokkien, Wenzhounese) hot pepper; chili


大家人

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ ka²⁴ ŋin¹¹/

/tai²⁴²⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾a⁵⁵ nˡøyŋ⁵³/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ ka²⁴ ŋin¹¹/

/tai²⁴²⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾a⁵⁵ nˡøyŋ⁵³/

(Hakka, Northern Min, Eastern Min, Wenzhounese) everyone; everybody; all of us


腳鏈

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯ɑɻ⁵¹/

/kœːk̚³ liːn²²⁻³⁵/

/t͡ɕyəʔ² lie⁴⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯ɑɻ⁵¹/

/kœːk̚³ liːn²²⁻³⁵/

/t͡ɕyəʔ² lie⁴⁵/


卵清

/lu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/l̃ouŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ t͡siŋ⁵⁵/

/nŋ̍³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/nŋ̍³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/nŋ̍²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰeŋ⁴⁴/

/nŋ̍²²⁻¹² t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/nŋ̍²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/nŋ̍²² t͡sʰiɪŋ³³/

/nŋ̍³³⁻²² t͡sʰiɪŋ³³/

/nuĩ²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/nuĩ³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/lu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/l̃ouŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ t͡siŋ⁵⁵/

/nŋ̍³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/nŋ̍³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/nŋ̍²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰeŋ⁴⁴/

/nŋ̍²²⁻¹² t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/nŋ̍²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/nŋ̍²² t͡sʰiɪŋ³³/

/nŋ̍³³⁻²² t͡sʰiɪŋ³³/

/nuĩ²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/nuĩ³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/

(archaic or Eastern Min, Southern Min, Wenzhounese) egg white


粉牌

/fən²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/fun²⁴⁻³³ pʰai⁵⁵/

/fən²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/fun²⁴⁻³³ pʰai⁵⁵/

(Wuhan Mandarin, Taiwanese Hakka, Wenzhounese) blackboard


番椒

/fän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/fan²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡seu̯²⁴/

/fän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/fan²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡seu̯²⁴/

(chiefly Min, Hakka, Wenzhounese) chili pepper


孝杖

/ha⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰŋ̍²²/

/ha²¹⁻⁵³ tʰŋ̍²²/

/ha¹¹⁻⁵³ tʰŋ̍³³/

/ha²¹⁻⁴¹ tʰŋ̍³³/

/ha⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰŋ̍²²/

/ha²¹⁻⁵³ tʰŋ̍²²/

/ha¹¹⁻⁵³ tʰŋ̍³³/

/ha²¹⁻⁴¹ tʰŋ̍³³/

(Hokkien, Eastern Min, Wenzhounese) staff in former times used by the son of the deceased in a funeral procession to show filial piety


三層

desc

→ Indonesian: samcan (“pork belly”), sancan (“beef flank”)

(Hokkien, Taiwanese Hakka, Wenzhounese) streaky pork; pork belly


糞斗

/puŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nau³³/

/pɔŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nau⁴⁵³/

/puoŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nau³³²/

/pun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tau⁵⁵⁴/

/puŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ tau⁵²⁻²¹/

/puŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nau³³/

/pɔŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nau⁴⁵³/

/puoŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nau³³²/

/pun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tau⁵⁵⁴/

/puŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ tau⁵²⁻²¹/

(Eastern Min, Taiwanese Hakka, Hokkien, Teochew, Wenzhounese) dustpan


落花生仁

/lɔk̚²⁴⁻² hua³³ sŋ̍³³ lin²⁴/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² hua⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lin²⁴/

/lua(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zin¹³/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² ɡa⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lin²⁴/

/lɔk̚²⁴⁻² hua³³ sŋ̍³³ lin²⁴/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² hua⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lin²⁴/

/lua(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zin¹³/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² ɡa⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lin²⁴/

(Southern Min, Wenzhounese) shelled peanut; peanut kernel


落花生糖

/lɔk̚²⁴⁻² hua³³ sŋ̍³³ tʰŋ̍²⁴/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² hua⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰŋ̍²⁴/

/lua(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰŋ̍¹³/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² ɡa⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰŋ̍²⁴/

/lɔk̚²⁴⁻² hua³³ sŋ̍³³ tʰŋ̍²⁴/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² hua⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰŋ̍²⁴/

/lua(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰŋ̍¹³/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² ɡa⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰŋ̍²⁴/

(Southern Min, Wenzhounese) peanut brittle


後叔

/au³³⁻¹¹ t͡siɪk̚³²/

/au³³⁻²¹ t͡siɪk̚³²/

/au²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪk̚³²/

/au³³⁻¹¹ t͡siɪk̚³²/

/au³³⁻²¹ t͡siɪk̚³²/

/au²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪk̚³²/

(Hokkien, Taiwanese Hakka, Wenzhounese) stepfather


臘盤

/la(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ puã²⁴/

/la(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ puã²⁴/

(Xiamen Hokkien, Wenzhounese) phonograph record; vinyl disc


羊兒

/jɑŋ³⁵ ˀɤɻ³⁵/

/jœːŋ²¹ jiː²¹/

/iɒ̃¹¹ əɻ¹¹/

/jɑŋ³⁵ ˀɤɻ³⁵/

/jœːŋ²¹ jiː²¹/

/iɒ̃¹¹ əɻ¹¹/

(poetic or Jin, Wenzhounese) goat; sheep


細兒

/ɕi⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐi̯³³ jiː²¹/

/ɕi⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐi̯³³ jiː²¹/


丈人老

/t͡sʰoŋ²⁴ ŋin¹¹ lo³¹/

/t͡sʰoŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ min²⁴ lo³¹/

/t͡sʰoŋ²⁴ ŋin¹¹ lo³¹/

/t͡ʃʰoŋ⁵³ min⁵³ lo²⁴/

/t͡ʃʰoŋ⁵³ ŋin⁵⁵ lo²⁴/

/t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋin¹¹ lau³¹/

/t͡sʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ŋin¹¹ lau³¹/

/t͡sʰoŋ²⁴ ŋin¹¹ lo³¹/

/t͡sʰoŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ min²⁴ lo³¹/

/t͡sʰoŋ²⁴ ŋin¹¹ lo³¹/

/t͡ʃʰoŋ⁵³ min⁵³ lo²⁴/

/t͡ʃʰoŋ⁵³ ŋin⁵⁵ lo²⁴/

/t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋin¹¹ lau³¹/

/t͡sʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ŋin¹¹ lau³¹/

(Liuzhou Mandarin, Hakka, Huizhou, Wenzhounese) father-in-law (wife's father)


落力

/lɔːk̚² lɪk̚²/

/lo(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ lat̚¹²¹/

/lɔːk̚² lɪk̚²/

/lo(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ lat̚¹²¹/

(Cantonese, Hakka, Southern Min, Pinghua, Wenzhounese) to exert oneself; to make an effort


姑娘兒

/ku⁵⁵ ni̯ɑ̃ɻ²/

/ku²⁴ niɔː²⁴/

/ku³³ n̠ʲiæ̃³⁴ əl⁵²/

/ku⁵⁵ ni̯ɑ̃ɻ²/

/ku²⁴ niɔː²⁴/

/ku³³ n̠ʲiæ̃³⁴ əl⁵²/

(Wenzhounese) underaged sister-in-law (husband's sister)


做媒人

/t͡so²¹³⁻⁵⁵ mui⁵³⁻⁵⁵ nˡøyŋ⁵³/

/t͡sue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ m̩²⁴⁻²² laŋ²⁴/

/t͡sue²¹⁻⁵³ m̩²⁴⁻²² laŋ²⁴/

/t͡so²¹⁻⁵³ bun¹³⁻²² laŋ¹³/

/t͡sue²¹⁻⁵³ hm̩²⁴⁻²² laŋ²⁴/

/t͡sɔ²¹⁻⁵⁵ buɛ²² naŋ²²/

/t͡so²¹³⁻⁵⁵ mui⁵³⁻⁵⁵ nˡøyŋ⁵³/

/t͡sue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ m̩²⁴⁻²² laŋ²⁴/

/t͡sue²¹⁻⁵³ m̩²⁴⁻²² laŋ²⁴/

/t͡so²¹⁻⁵³ bun¹³⁻²² laŋ¹³/

/t͡sue²¹⁻⁵³ hm̩²⁴⁻²² laŋ²⁴/

/t͡sɔ²¹⁻⁵⁵ buɛ²² naŋ²²/


大舌

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡siʔ⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² t͡siʔ²⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡siʔ¹²¹/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ t͡siʔ⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ t͡siʔ⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡siʔ⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² t͡siʔ²⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡siʔ¹²¹/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ t͡siʔ⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ t͡siʔ⁴/

(Southern Min, Zhao'an Hakka, Wenzhounese) to speak indistinctly or with a lisp; to have slurred speech; to stutter


大舌

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡siʔ⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² t͡siʔ²⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡siʔ¹²¹/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ t͡siʔ⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ t͡siʔ⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡siʔ⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² t͡siʔ²⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡siʔ¹²¹/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ t͡siʔ⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ t͡siʔ⁴/


啞佬

/aː³⁵ lou̯³⁵/

/aː³⁵ lou̯³⁵/

(Cantonese, Hakka, Wenzhounese) mute person (especially a man)


乜人

/mɐt̚⁵ jɐn²¹/

/mɐt̚⁵ jɐn²¹⁻³⁵/

/mĩ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ laŋ²³/

/mĩ(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ laŋ²⁴/

/mɐt̚⁵ jɐn²¹/

/mɐt̚⁵ jɐn²¹⁻³⁵/

/mĩ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ laŋ²³/

/mĩ(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ laŋ²⁴/


春裡

(dialectal Mandarin, Xiamen Hokkien, Shadi Wu, Wenzhounese) spring (season)


花樽

/faː⁵⁵ t͡sɵn⁵⁵/

/fa³³ tun²¹⁻²¹⁵/

/hue³³⁻²³ t͡suŋ³³/

/faː⁵⁵ t͡sɵn⁵⁵/

/fa³³ tun²¹⁻²¹⁵/

/hue³³⁻²³ t͡suŋ³³/


眠床頭

/min¹¹ t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ tʰeu̯¹¹/

/miŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^((t͡sʰ-))ʒouŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^((tʰ-))nau⁵³/

/min¹¹ t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ tʰeu̯¹¹/

(Hakka, Eastern Min, Wenzhounese) head of a bed; bedhead


肚臍兒

/tu⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiə̯ɻ³⁵/

/tu²¹³ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ɚ²¹/

/tu⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiə̯ɻ³⁵/

/tu²¹³ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ɚ²¹/


驢兒

(Jin, Wenzhounese) donkey; ass (a domestic animal)


蛇魚

Monopterus albus
Monopterus albus#Translingual

(Jin, Wenzhounese) Monopterus albus; Asian swamp eel


外甥孫

/ŋie²⁴²⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛiŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nouŋ⁵⁵/

/ɡue⁴¹⁻²² sŋ̍³³ sun³³/

/ŋie²⁴²⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛiŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nouŋ⁵⁵/

/ɡue⁴¹⁻²² sŋ̍³³ sun³³/

(Yanjiang Cantonese, Jinjiang Hokkien, Eastern Min, Wenzhounese) grandson (daughter's son)


外甥人

/ŋie²⁴²⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛiŋ⁵⁵ ^((Ø-))ŋiŋ⁵³/

/ŋie²⁴²⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛiŋ⁵⁵ ^((Ø-))ŋiŋ⁵³/

(Eastern Min, Wenzhounese) niece-in-law (sister's daughter-in-law)


香蔥

/ɕi̯æn³³ t͡sʰʊŋ³³/

/ɕi̯æn³³ t͡sʰən³³/

/ɕi̯æn³³ t͡sʰʊŋ³³/

/ɕi̯æn³³ t͡sʰən³³/


竹頭

/t͡su²¹ tʰəu²¹/

/tyʔ²⁴⁻²¹ tʰau⁵³/

/t͡soʔ³³ dɤ⁴⁴/

/t͡soʔ⁴⁴ døy²³/

/ʈ͡ʂəu̯²⁴ təu̯¹³/

/t͡səu̯²⁴ təu̯¹³/

/t͡su²¹ tʰəu²¹/

/tyʔ²⁴⁻²¹ tʰau⁵³/

/t͡soʔ³³ dɤ⁴⁴/

/t͡soʔ⁴⁴ døy²³/

/ʈ͡ʂəu̯²⁴ təu̯¹³/

/t͡səu̯²⁴ təu̯¹³/

(dialectal Mandarin, Hainanese, Eastern Min, Wenzhounese, Xiang) The Chinese character component 𥫗.


公共車

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵/

(dialectal Mandarin, Wenzhounese) public bus


成世

/sɛːŋ²¹ sɐi̯³³/

/sɪŋ²¹ sɐi̯³³/

/sɛːŋ²¹ sɐi̯³³/

/sɪŋ²¹ sɐi̯³³/

(Cantonese, Liuzhou Mandarin, Wenzhounese) all one's life; lifetime


衫襟

(dialectal Cantonese, Hainanese, Hakka, Wenzhounese) the one or two pieces making up the front of a Chinese jacket


做下

/t͡so²¹³⁻⁵⁵ e¹¹/

/t͡so²¹³⁻⁵⁵ e¹¹/

2018, “潮汕一家人”, 茶米 (lyrics), 回忆 (music), performed by 黄敏纯:

Let's look together at our bright future in Chaoshan

zo³ ê⁷ toin², nang² dio⁵ suan¹ hui¹ huang⁵ gai⁷ mêng⁵ tiang¹

做下看 俺潮汕輝煌個明天

做下看 俺潮汕辉煌个明天


𠡒

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Teochew, Wenzhounese) to pull; to tug


頭梳

/tʰau⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lœ⁵⁵/

/tʰau⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lœ⁵⁵/

(Northern Min, Eastern Min, Magong Hokkien, Wenzhounese) comb


姨娘

/i³⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/i³⁵ n̠ʲiɔŋ²/

/i¹¹ niɒ̃¹¹/

/i⁵³⁻³³ nˡuoŋ⁵³/

/ɦi²² n̠ʲiã⁴⁴/

/ɦi²² n̠ʲiæ̃³⁴/

/ɦi²² n̠ʲiã⁵¹/

/ɲ̩³³ n̠ʲiaŋ³³/

/i¹¹ n̠ʲi̯an¹¹/

/i³⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/i³⁵ n̠ʲiɔŋ²/

/i¹¹ niɒ̃¹¹/

/i⁵³⁻³³ nˡuoŋ⁵³/

/ɦi²² n̠ʲiã⁴⁴/

/ɦi²² n̠ʲiæ̃³⁴/

/ɦi²² n̠ʲiã⁵¹/

/ɲ̩³³ n̠ʲiaŋ³³/

/i¹¹ n̠ʲi̯an¹¹/


了滯

恁界了滯罷。

恁界了滞罢。


煞氣

/ʂä⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/

/ʂä⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/

/suɛ²⁴ kʰi³³/

/ʂä⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/

/suɛ²⁴ kʰi³³/


好覷

(Northern Min, Wenzhounese) beautiful; pretty


棉胎

/mi̯ɛn³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵⁵/

/miːn²¹ tʰɔːi̯⁵⁵/

/mĩ²⁴⁻²² tʰai⁴⁴/

/mĩ²⁴⁻²² tʰai³³/

/mĩ¹³⁻²² tʰai⁴⁴/

/mĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰai⁴⁴/

/mĩ²³⁻³³ tʰai⁴⁴/

/mi̯ɛn³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵⁵/

/miːn²¹ tʰɔːi̯⁵⁵/

/mĩ²⁴⁻²² tʰai⁴⁴/

/mĩ²⁴⁻²² tʰai³³/

/mĩ¹³⁻²² tʰai⁴⁴/

/mĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰai⁴⁴/

/mĩ²³⁻³³ tʰai⁴⁴/

(dialectal, including Cantonese, Hainanese, Nanning Pinghua, Wenzhounese) cotton batting


是搭

(Wenzhounese) in the process of; currently


老定

/lou̯¹³ tɪŋ²²/

/lou̯¹³ tɪŋ²²/

(Cantonese, Liuzhou Mandarin, Wenzhounese) calm; composed; collected


月裡

/ŋyɛ⁴² ti²¹/

/ŋyɛ⁴² ti²¹/

(Wuhan Mandarin, Northern Min, Wenzhounese) the month following childbirth, during which the mother goes through the traditional Chinese form of postpartum recovery, sometimes referred to in English as confinement or lying-in; puerperium


下數

/ha⁵³⁻⁵⁵ sz̩⁵³/

/ha⁵³⁻⁵⁵ sz̩⁵³/

(Hakka, Wenzhounese) courtesy; etiquette; rites


三角麥

/saːm⁵⁵ kɔːk̚³ mɐk̚²/

/saːm⁵⁵ kɔːk̚³ mɐk̚²/

(Cantonese, Pinghua, Liuzhou Mandarin, Northern Min, Wenzhounese) buckwheat


譀話

/ham²¹⁻⁵³ ue²²/

/ham⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ue⁴¹/

/ham²¹⁻⁵³ ue²²/

/ham¹¹⁻⁵³ ue³³/

/ham²¹⁻⁴¹ ue³³/

/ham²¹⁻⁵³ ue²²/

/ham⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ue⁴¹/

/ham²¹⁻⁵³ ue²²/

/ham¹¹⁻⁵³ ue³³/

/ham²¹⁻⁴¹ ue³³/

/ha²¹³⁻²² ɦo²²/


響佛

/ɕi⁴⁵⁻⁵³ vai²¹²⁻¹³/

(Wenzhounese) to rumble with thunder; to thunder


篷船

/pʰuŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nuŋ⁵³/

/pʰaŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sun²⁴/

/pʰaŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sun²⁴/

/pʰaŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sun¹³/

/pʰaŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sun²⁴/

/pʰaŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sun²³/

/pʰaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡suŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰuŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nuŋ⁵³/

/pʰaŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sun²⁴/

/pʰaŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sun²⁴/

/pʰaŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sun¹³/

/pʰaŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sun²⁴/

/pʰaŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sun²³/

/pʰaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡suŋ⁵⁵/

(Eastern Min, Southern Min, Wenzhounese, Taiwanese Hakka) sailboat; junk


手指節

/su³¹ t͡sz̩³¹ t͡ɕiɛt̚¹/

/su³¹ t͡sz̩³¹ t͡ɕiɛt̚¹/

(Wuming Mandarin, Hakka, Wenzhounese, anatomy) knuckle; finger joints


絨衫

/jʊŋ²¹⁻³⁵ saːm⁵⁵/

/jʊŋ²¹⁻³⁵ saːm⁵⁵/

(Wenzhounese) sweater; wool sweater; pullover


時辰鐘

/siː²¹ sɐn²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/siː²¹ sɐn²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

(Liuzhou Mandarin, Cantonese, Wenzhounese) clock


姪婦

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ fu⁵¹/

/t͡sɐt̚² fuː¹³/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ fu⁵¹/

/t͡sɐt̚² fuː¹³/

(literary or Cantonese, Wenzhounese) nephew's wife (brother's son's wife)


車路

/t͡sʰia⁵³³⁻¹³ lɔu¹¹/

/t͡sʰia⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ lɔu²¹/

/t͡sʰia³³ lɔ⁴¹/

/t͡sʰia⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔ³³/

/t͡sʰia⁴⁴⁻²² lɔ²²/

/t͡sʰia⁵³³⁻¹³ lɔu¹¹/

/t͡sʰia⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ lɔu²¹/

/t͡sʰia³³ lɔ⁴¹/

/t͡sʰia⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔ³³/

/t͡sʰia⁴⁴⁻²² lɔ²²/

(Xiamen, Quanzhou, Tong'an and Zhangzhou Hokkien, Wenzhounese) highway


茅竹

/maːu̯²¹ t͡sʊk̚⁵/

/maːu̯²¹ t͡sʊk̚⁵/

(Cantonese, Hakka, Wenzhounese) moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis)


朋友家

/bã²² ɦiʏ⁴⁴ ko⁵⁵/

/bã²² ɦiʏ⁴⁴ ko⁵⁵/


壓歲包

/əʔ⁴⁴ sɛ³³ pɑu⁵⁵/

/əʔ⁴⁴ sɛ³³ pɑu⁵⁵/

(Jinhua Wu and Wenzhounese) money given to children during the Chinese New Year, usually in a red envelope