ある

The 連(れん)体(たい)形(けい) (rentaikei, “adnominal form”) of the classical verb 有(あ)り (ari, “to exist”).

ja-r

ある政治家がそう言った。


その

⟨so₂ no₂⟩ → */sənə/ → /sono/
From Old Japanese そ, distal demonstrative root, with の (no) added to form the ordinary adnominal form 'that', as in 'that word', as opposed to the pronoun それ (sore).

(anaphorically) the ... we are talking about.


あの

Originally a compound of あ (a, distal pronominal marker) + の (no, genitive particle).

com

similar to English er or umm, said when hesitating in speech


この

Originally a compound of Old Japanese elements こ (ko, “this”, pronoun) + の (no, possessive, modifies following noun). こ as a pronoun is no longer used individually in modern Japanese.

compound

(anaphorically) this ... I am talking about (only the speaker knows)


こん

金: one of the five classical elements in traditional Chinese philosophy and medicine: see the "Wu Xing" entry on Wikipedia


こん

こんにちは こんにちは#Japanese

こんばんは こんばんは#Japanese


明

明 (canonical)
myō (romanization)
myau (romanization)
みやう (hiragana historical)

/mʲau/ → /mʲɔː/ → /mʲoː/
From Middle Chinese 明 (MC mjaeng).
The Buddhist senses are a translation of Sanskrit विद्या (vidyā, “knowledge, wisdom”).


さる

The 連体形(れんたいけい) (rentaikei, “adnominal form”) of 然(さ)り (sari, “to be so”), a shift from earlier 然 (sa, “so; like that”) + あり (ari, “to be”).


あん

あん時


どの

どの車がいいか？

which .. ? (interrogative demonstrative); what .. ? (one out of the available choices)


色んな

/iroiro na/ → /ironna/
Contraction of 色々(いろいろ)な (iroiro na, “various”).


小さな

ja-pos

小(ちい)さな • (chīsana) ^(←ちひさな (tifisana)?)

小さな (canonical)
chīsana (romanization)
tifisana (romanization)
ちひさな (hiragana historical)

Appears starting from the Muromachi period. Derived as the -na adjective construction of -i adjective 小(ちい)さい (chīsai, “small, little”). See that entry for further details.

小さな本屋

小さな被害で済む

small, minor (of extent, scale or importance)


ふとした

[ɸɯ̟̊to̞ɕi̥ta̠]


所謂

所謂(いわゆる) • (iwayuru) ^(←いはゆる (ifayuru)?)

所謂 (canonical)
iwayuru (romanization)
ifayuru (romanization)
いはゆる (hiragana historical)

[iβ̞a̠jɯ̟ɾɯ̟]

/ipa yu ru/ → /ifayuru/ → /iwayuru/
Originally a compound of Old Japanese 言は (ipa), the 未然形 (mizenkei, imperfective form) of the verb 言ふ (ipu), modern 言う (iu, “to say”) + ゆる (yuru, the 連(れん)体(たい)形(けい) (rentaikei, “adnominal form”) of ゆ (yu, passive/potential auxilliary verb)).
The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓), borrowed from Chinese 所謂 /所谓 (suǒwèi).

ja-r

彼女は所謂天才だ

所謂天才 いわゆるてんさい


彼の

See 彼 (kare), の (no) for more detail.


おおきな

ōkina (romanization)
ofokina (romanization)
おほきな (hiragana historical)

/opoki/ → /oɸoki/ → /oɸoki na/ → /owoki na/ → /oːki na/
Appears starting from the Muromachi period. Derived as the -na adjective construction of -i adjective 大きい (ōkii, “big, great”). See that entry for further details.


ありとあらゆる

[a̠ɾʲi to̞ a̠ɾa̠jɯ̟ɾɯ̟]

ありとあらゆる苦難をくぐり抜けてきた。

Ari to arayuru konnan o kugurinukete kita.

We have survived every possible difficulty.

1952, 久生十蘭, うすゆき抄, 青空文庫:

この一対の男女の上に、両親の反対や、政治的な策謀や、行きすぎた友情や、偽りの恋や、ありとあらゆる妨害が山と積みかさなる。

Kono ittsui no danjo no ue ni, ryōshin no hantai ya, seijiteki na sakubō ya, ikisugita yūjō ya, itsuwari no koi ya, ari to arayuru bōgai ga yama to tsumikasanaru.

All sorts of obstructions, such as their parents' disapproval, political schemes, a friendship gone too far, and a feigned love, pile up on this one couple like a mountain.


がちがち

がちがち (canonical)
ガチガチ (canonical)
gachigachi (romanization)

歯がガチガチ鳴っている。

(onomatopoeia) clattering, chattering (as of teeth)


がちがち

ガチガチの縦社会


明くる

明くる日


さらなる

sara naru (romanization)
saranaru (romanization)
さらなる (hiragana historical)

[sa̠ɾa̠na̠ɾɯ̟]


大した

Compound of 大 (tai, “big”) + した (shita, “did, done”), the perfective of する (suru, “to do”), used here to indicate a state as opposed to an action.

compound

富士山は大した山だよ。

こんなのは、大した事ではない。


於ける

置(お)け (oke, 已(い)然形(ぜんけい) (izenkei, “realis form”) of verb 置(お)く (oku, “to put, to place”)) + る (ru, adnominal conjugation of verbal auxiliary suffix り (ri) indicating resulting state or completion of action)


確たる

[ka̠kɯ̟ta̠ɾɯ̟]


大それた

大それた (canonical)
daisoreta (romanization)


こうした

もちろん、こうした希望の時期には危険が付き物であろう。

Mochiron, kōshita kibō no jiki ni wa kiken ga tsukimono de arō.

Yes, there will be perils that accompany this moment of promise.


あらゆる

[a̠ɾa̠jɯ̟ɾɯ̟]

From Old Japanese arayuru, the attributive form of the passive form of ar- “to be, to exist”. Note that the passive marker -(a)ye- (attributive form -(a)yuru) ceased to be used in Early Middle Japanese except in fossilized expressions such as あらゆる (arayuru) and いはゆる (ifayuru) and in kanbun.

あらゆる方法を試してみた


単なる

[tã̠nːa̠ɾɯ̟]

単なる言葉遊びに過ぎない


最たる

その最たる例がリビアである。


ありふれた

ja-pos

ありふれた • (arifureta) ^(←ありふれた (arifureta)?)

arifureta (romanization)
ありふれた (hiragana historical)

The perfective form of verb ありふれる (arifureru, “to become common”).


荒ぶる

[a̠ɾa̠bɯ̟ɾɯ̟]

Adnominal of classical 荒(あら)ぶ (arabu) (expected modern form is *荒(あら)びる (arabiru)).


本の

ほんの少し


千早振る

千早振る (canonical)
Chihayaburu (romanization)

[t͡ɕiha̠ja̠bɯ̟ɾɯ̟]

From Old Japanese.
The 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of classical verb 千早ぶ (chihayabu, “to move or act ferociously, with terrible godly power”).

from the interpretation of the chihayaburu poem by Ariwara no Narihira (Kokin Wakashū, book 5, poem 294; Hyakunin Isshu, poem 17) as symbolic of hardships


こういう

kō iu (romanization)
kauifu (romanization)
かういふ (hiragana historical)

こういうの好き。


そういう

sō iu (romanization)
sauifu (romanization)
さういふ (hiragana historical)

違う、違う、そういうことじゃないって！

I'm telling you, that's not what I mean!


ああいう

ああいう (canonical)
あゝいう (canonical)
ā iu (romanization)
aaifu (romanization)
ああいふ (hiragana historical)

ああいうのやめてください。

Could you please stop doing that sort of thing?


どういう

dō iu (romanization)
douifu (romanization)
どういふ (hiragana historical)

どういうこと？


斯かる

Contraction of 斯く (kaku, “this, in this way”) + ある (aru, “(prenominal) to be, to exist”)
Compare 然(さ)る (saru), 然(しか)る (shikaru).

compound

2007, 新時代日漢辭典 /新时代日汉辞典 (Xīn Shídài Rì-hàn Cídiǎn), 1st edition, 大新書局 /大新书局 (Dàxīn Shūjú), →ISBN:

斯かる行為は許されない


可笑しな

ja-pos

可笑(おか)しな • (okashi na) ^(←をかしな (wokasina)?)

可笑しな (canonical)
okashi na (romanization)
wokasina (romanization)
をかしな (hiragana historical)

The spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓). See 可笑(おか)しい (okashii).


茜さす

茜さす (canonical)
akane sasu (romanization)

From Old Japanese.
Derived from 茜 (akane, “madder (dye) → red”) + 差す (sasu, “to illuminate, shine”).
First cited in the Man'yōshū of roughly 759 CE.

com

puns to 蘇芳 (suō, “sappanwood red”) in reference to Suō

glowing sappanwood red, allusion to 周防 (Suō, a placename, especially Suō Province)


八雲立つ

八雲立つ (canonical)
ya kumo tatsu (romanization)

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki, the oldest extant historical record of ancient Japan, completed in 712 CE.
Derived from 八 (ya, “eight → many”) + 雲 (kumo, “cloud”) + 立つ (tatsu, “to rise, stand”).

many clouds rising, an allusion to 出雲 (Izumo, a placename, especially Izumo Province)


きこゆる

[kʲiko̞jɯ̟ɾɯ̟]


そらにみつ

空に満つ: sky-filling or spreading, allusion to 大和 (Yamato, a placename, especially Yamato Province)


空に満つ

空に満つ (canonical)
sora ni mitsu (romanization)

そらにみつ大和島根にふたつなき宝となれる富士の柴山
sora ni mitsu Yamato Shimane ni futatsu naki takara to nareru Fuji no shibayama

Fuji's Shibayama, a unique treasure in sky-filled Yamato and Shimane.

allusion to 大和 (Yamato, a placename, especially Yamato Province)


茜さし

茜さし (canonical)
akane sashi (romanization)

From Old Japanese.
The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of pillow word 茜さす (akane sasu), equivalent to 茜 (akane, “madder (dye) → red”) + 差し (sashi, “shining, tinging”).

shining madder red, alludes to 照る (teru, “to shine”)


あられふり

霰降り: from the かしまし (kashimashi) sound of falling hail, alludes to 鹿島 (Kashima, a place name); from the きしきし (kishikishi) sound of falling hail, alludes to きしみ (Kishimi, a place name, probably Kyushu dialectal form of 杵島 (Kishima)); from the かしまし (tohotoho → tōtō) sound of falling hail, alludes to 遠江 (Tō-tsu-Ōmi → Tōtōmi)


古き良き

古き良き (canonical)
furuki yoki (romanization)

[ɸɯ̟ɾɯ̟kʲi jo̞kʲi]

From 古(ふる)き (furuki, “old”, adnominal form of classical Japanese 古(ふる)し (furushi, “old”, adjective)) + 良(よ)き (yoki, “good”, adnominal form of classical Japanese 良(よ)し (yoshi, “good”, adjective)).
Probably a calque of English good old.


前記

[d͡zẽ̞ŋʲkʲi]

2019, “EX-ZR1700 dengen”, in Casio Japan:

前記は、新品の電池のフル充電状態での数値です。

Zenki wa, shinpin no denchi no furu jūden jōtai de no sūchi desu.

As mentioned above, the new battery shows a full charge.

the aforementioned, something written in an earlier section of a text


一通り

一通りの知識


かの

Originally a compound of か (ka, “he, she, it”, third-person pronoun) + の (no, genitive particle).

compound

Refers to someone or something not previously mentioned in context, but known to both speaker and listener. Used when the referent cannot be explicitly named for some reason.

奈良茶は夜分、かののおゆるは朝時分

1694, Yashoku Jibun, Kōshoku Mankintan (Erotic Tonic), volume 3

Nara cha wa yabun, kano no oyuru wa asa jibun

かのとは誰ぢゃ、八つ橋か

1766, Chikamatsu Hanji, Honchō Nijūshi Kō (Twenty-four Filial Children of Japan), volume 4

So who is “you-know-who”, is it Yatsuhashi?


おぼしき

おぼしき事いはぬははらふくるる

If the desired thing is not said, the belly remains empty

(archaic) alternative form of 思しい (“apparent; desired”)


青丹よし

ja-pos

青(あお)丹(に)よし • (aoni yoshi) ^(←あをによし (awoni yosi)?)

青丹よし (canonical)
aoni yoshi (romanization)
awoni yosi (romanization)
あをによし (hiragana historical)

From Old Japanese 靑丹よし (awoni yo₂si).
Literally “blue-green + (red) earth + [exclamatory particle] + [strengthening particle]”.

青丹よし奈良の都の黒木もて造れる宿はをれどあかぬかも

aoni yoshi Nara no miyako no kuroki mote tsukureru yado wa oredo akanu ka mo


切なる

切なる (canonical)
setsunaru (romanization)

切なる願い


ともなく

Compound of と + も + なく (“the 連用形(れんようけい) (ren'yōkei, “stem of continuative form”) of ない (nai)”)

com

どこからともなく現れる

(someone or something) appearing from nowhere

somehow, without knowing (it), unconsciously, unthinkingly


素知らぬ

素知らぬ (canonical)
soshiranu (romanization)

Compound of 素 + 知らぬ.
The 素(そ) (so) could be from the pronoun 其(そ) (so) or short for 空(そら) (sora)

素知らぬふりを装う


パンパン

パンパン (canonical)
ぱんぱん (canonical)
panpan (romanization)

The adverb, attested from the 19th century, is onomatopoeic. The related adnominal is attested from the 20th century.

1994, Aihara Mariko, Shitai nōjō, translation of The Body Farm by Patricia Cornwell:

どこかの射撃場からパンパンという鋭い音が、夜明けの静寂を破って聞こえてくれ。

Dokoka no shagekijō kara panpan to iu surudoi oto ga, yoake no seijaku o yabutte kikoete kure.

From a shooting range somewhere a sharp bang sound breaks the silence of the dawn.

(onomatopoeia) bang, pow (the sound of something bursting or exploding)


滾々

滾々 (canonical)
滾々 (canonical)
konkon (romanization)

泉に滾々と水が尽きない

inexhaustible water flowing copiously from a spring

(of fluids) copiously flowing; actively and continuously flowing

jumbled, thoroughly and irretrievably mixed; disordered; in a chaotic state


親愛なる

親愛なる (canonical)
shin'ai naru (romanization)

dear, used as a formal greeting in letters


大の

大の大人


どゆ

(colloquial) contraction of どういう (dō iu)


そゆ

(colloquial) contraction of そういう (sō iu)


ちっちゃな

Sound shift from 小(ちい)さな (chīsana).
Also analyzable as the adnominal -na alternative form of ちっちゃい (chitchai).
First attested in 1926.

(childish) alternative form of 小さな (chīsana, “small; little”)


ほんの

ほんのすこし


いかなる

ikanaru (romanization)
いかなる (hiragana historical)

Fossilization of the prenominal form of classical いかなり (ikanari)(modern form 如(い)何(か) (ika)).

いかなる結果にも責任を負いません。

We will not bear consequences for whatever results.


いとしの

itoshi no (romanization)
itosino (romanization)
いとしの (hiragana historical)


つづいての

ja-pos

つづいての • (tsuzuite no) ^(←つづいての (tuduiteno)?)

tsuzuite no (romanization)
tuduiteno (romanization)
つづいての (hiragana historical)

続いてのニュースです。

続いてのゲストは○○。


こぎゃん

1931, Fumiko Hayashi, Fūkin to sakana no machi:

あぎゃん腐ったバナナば


主たる

Fossilization of 主(しゅ) (shu) + たる (taru, prenominal of the archaic copular たり (tari)).


当の

当の (canonical)
tō no (romanization)
tauno (romanization)
たうの (hiragana historical)

デザインした当の本人


得意気

Of 得意 (tokui, “triumph; strength”) + 気 (-ge, “-like, -ish”).

suffix

1989, Sakaiya Taichi, Oni to hito to: Nobunaga to Mitsuhide [Demon and man: Nobunaga and Mitsuhide]:

Furthermore, they had surrounded the entire mountain with soldiers leaving no gap through which to escape, and forced everyone present up to the mountain gate regardless of age or social class, piled straw in every cloister and chapel and set it all on fire, he proudly declaimed.

しかも、全山を軍兵に取り囲ませて逃げる隙間も与えず、居合わせた者を老若上下の別なく山門に追い上げ、回廊堂塔ことごとくに藁を積んで火を放ったと、得意気に語られた。

Shikamo, zenzan o gunhei ni tori kakomasete nigeru sukima mo ataezu, iawaseta mono o rōnyaku jōge no betsunaku sanmon ni oiage, kairō dōtō kotogotoku ni wara o tsunde hi o hanatta to, tokuige ni katarareta.

proud, proudly, boastful, with an air of satisfaction


おっきな

(regional) alternative form of おおきな (ōkina)


あるまじき

ある (aru, 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 有り (ari), the classical form of modern verb 有る (aru, “to exist, to have”).) + まじき (majiki, 連体形(れんたいけい) (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of the irregular verb まじ (maji, “must not”).)

com

社会人としてあるまじき発言

a comment that a working adult should not make


長の

Compound of 長(なが) (naga, “long time”) + の (no, genitive case particle).

ja-com

長の道中


着の身着のまま

ja-pos

き の み き の まま

着(き)の身(み)着(き)のまま • (ki no mi ki no mama)

着の身着のまま (canonical)
ki no mi ki no mama (romanization)

Literally, “body in clothes, remaining in clothes”.

lit

clothes on one's back
clothes on one's back