airplane

airplanes (plural)
aeroplane (alternative)
aëroplane (alternative)

/ˈɛːˌpleɪ̯n/

/ˈɛəˌpleɪ̯n/

/ˈɛɚˌpleɪ̯n/

Alteration of aeroplane (Borrowed from French aéroplane, from Ancient Greek ἀερόπλανος (aeróplanos, “wandering in air”), from ἀήρ (aḗr, “air”) + πλάνος (plános, “wandering”). First used by Joseph Pline in an 1855 patent.https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Aircraft_Design/NeHoahlhCGMC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Joseph+Pline+glider&pg=PA3&printsec=frontcover;https://books.google.at/books?id=fSQUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA768&dq=Joseph+Pline+brevet+1855&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjgk5Cz_a_wAhXZhf0HHdjNAJwQ6AEwAnoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Joseph%20Pline%20brevet%201855&f=false)

(chiefly US, Canada, Philippines) A powered heavier-than-air aircraft with fixed wings.

飛行機 /飞行机

fî-hàng-kî, pî-hàng-kî, fî-yàng-kî, pî-yàng-kî

So, he'd take a spoon and he'd start playing airplane, circling the spoon around in the air until it was ready to land in the runway of my mouth.

1988, Matthew Linn, Sheila Fabricant, Dennis Linn, Healing the Eight Stages of Life, Paulist Press, →ISBN, page 66:

Willis wondered what this fellow wanted to do, spoon feed him? Play airplane?

1997 03, Maria Flook, Open Water, Ecco Press, →ISBN:

For instance, Jan has taken to playing airplane with the spoon to get Charley to attend to the spoon and want to take it into his mouth.

2013 May 13, Theo L. Dorpat, Michael L. Miller, Clinical Interaction and the Analysis of Meaning: A New Psychoanalytic Theory, Routledge, →ISBN:

(chiefly US, Canada, Philippines) A game to encourage small children to eat, in which the parent or carer pretends a spoonful of food is an aircraft flying into the child's mouth.


file

→ Armenian: ֆայլ (fayl)

→ Azerbaijani: fayl

→ Belarusian: файл (fajl)

→ Bulgarian: файл (fajl)

→ Bengali: ফাইল (phail)

→ Burmese: ဖိုင် (hpuing)

→ Dutch: file

→ Estonian: fail

→ Finnish: faili

→ German: File

→ Hindi: फ़ाइल (fāil)

→ Hungarian: fájl

→ Italian: file

→ Japanese: ファイル (fairu)

→ Korean: 파일 (pail)

→ Lao: ໄຟລ໌ (fain)

→ Latvian: fails

→ Lithuanian: failas

→ Macedonian: фајл (fajl)

→ Malay: fail

→ Maltese: fajl

→ Oromo: faayila

→ Persian: فایل (fâyl)

→ Portuguese: file

→ Russian: файл (fajl)

→ Kazakh: файл (fail)

→ Kyrgyz: файл (fayl)

→ Mongolian: файл (fajl)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: фајл

Latin script: fajl

→ Slovak: fajl

→ Swahili: faili

→ Tajik: файл (fayl)

→ Thai: ไฟล์ (faai)

→ Turkmen: faýl

→ Ukrainian: файл (fajl)

→ Urdu: فائل (fāil)

→ Uzbek: fayl

→ Welsh: ffeil

From Old French fil (“thread”), from Latin fīlum (“thread”). Doublet of filum.

The Nonfiction Vertical File: […]I spent my university years working in the library at the Maritime School of Social Work. One of my responsibilities was to keep the library's vertical file up to date. The vertical file was a cabinet full of current newspaper and magazine clippings on topics of interest to the students and faculty of the school.

2010, Beth Critchley Charlton, Englaging the DisEngaged, page 71:


boob

Clipped form of booby (“fool”). Appeared near the beginning of the twentieth century; more information at booby § Etymology 1.

Not having an ear for music it annoys me to hear the boobs squeal.

1914, George Vere Hobart, Boobs, as Seen by John Henry, →OCLC, page 75:

[BURNS AND ENSEMBLE]: Look at all those idiots. Oh, look at all those boobs. An office full of morons. A factory full of fools. Is it any wonder that I'm singing, singing the blues!?

1990, “Look At All Those Idiots” (track 9), in The Simpsons Sing The Blues (1990), performed by The Simpsons:

He said he felt like such a boob in school and nobody talked to him.

2008 April 30, “Cher: I was crazy about Tom Cruise”, in Marie Claire:

(informal, derogatory, Canada, US) An idiot; a fool.


ABM

en-noun

ABM (countable and uncountable, plural ABMs)

(banking, Canada) Initialism of automated bank machine.


put up

en-verb

put up (third-person singular simple present puts up, present participle putting up, simple past and past participle put up)

puts up (present singular third-person)
putting up (participle present)
put up (participle past)
put up (past)

In addition to putting up nearly 3,300 receiving yards and 32 touchdown receptions in three college seasons, he was also the main punt returner for the Sooners.

2020 April 24, Ken Belson, Ben Shpigel, “Full Round 1 2020 N.F.L. Picks and Analysis”, in the New York Times:

The last player to have more than 140 points in one season was Mario Lemieux, who put up 160 in 1995-96.

2011 August 9, John Kreiser, “The Great One's 23 unbreakable records”, in NHL.com:

(US, Canada, transitive, sports, idiomatic) To score; to accumulate scoring. Ellipsis of to put up on the scoreboard..


NES

(Canada) Initialism of National Employment Service of Canada).


ABC

en-noun

ABC (countable and uncountable, plural ABCs or ABC's)

ABCs (plural)
ABC's (plural)
absey (alternative)

From Middle English abece, ABC, from the first three letters of the Latin alphabet, standing for the whole alphabet.

Do you know your ABC? (US: Do you know your ABCs?)

The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles

Oxford University Press
w:Oxford University Press

(uncountable, countable, usually plural in Canada, US) The English alphabet.


download

en-verb

download (third-person singular simple present downloads, present participle downloading, simple past and past participle downloaded)

downloads (present singular third-person)
downloading (participle present)
downloaded (participle past)
downloaded (past)
DL (alternative)
dl (alternative)
d/l (alternative)
D/L (alternative)

→ Danish: downloade

→ Dutch: downloaden

→ German: downloaden; herunterladen (calque)

desc

→ Lao: ດາວໂຫຼດ (dāo lōt)

→ Lao: ດາວໂຫຼດ (dāo lōt)

→ Malay: muat turun (calque)

→ Maltese: ddawnlowdja

→ Thai: ดาวน์โหลด (daao-lòot)

From down- + load. Verbal form first appears c. 1962 in the Wichita Falls (Texas) Times. Nominal form first appears c. 1977 in Scientific American.

In 1997, The Harris government also downloaded a number of social services to municipal governments, including affordable housing.

Allister Thompson ((Can we date this quote?)) “Mike Harris”, in The Canadian Encyclopedia, The Canadian Encyclopedia, archived from the original on 2023-08-13

(transitive, Canada) To transfer jurisdiction and responsibility of a government asset or service to a lower level of government.


beverage

en-noun

beverage (countable and uncountable, plural beverages)

beverages (plural)
beveridge (alternative)

list of English words with dual French and Anglo-Saxon variations

/ˈbɛv(ə)ɹɪd͡ʒ/

From Middle English beverage, from Old French beverage, variant of bevrage, from beivre (“to drink”), variant of boivre (“to drink”), from Latin bibō. Related to imbibe.

He knew no Beverage but the flowing Stream; / His taſteful well-earn'd Food the ſilvan Game, […]

1748, James Thomson, “Canto II”, in The Castle of Indolence: […], London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, stanza VII, page 44:

[W]here coffee is used as a constant beverage, the gravel and the gout are scarcely known.

1848, J. S. Skinner & Son, editor, The Plough, The Loom and the Anvil, volume I, Philadelphia: J. S. Skinner & Son, page 137:

(chiefly Canada, US) A liquid to consume; a drink, such as tea, coffee, liquor, beer, milk, juice, or a soft drink, usually excluding water.


CBC

Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
w:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation

(Canada, television, radio) Initialism of Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.


CBC

Like many Canadian-born Chinese (CBCs), Yao's parents are from Hong Kong. Brought up in multicultural Toronto, she, like other young CBCs, is stuck between two cultures.

1996 September 8, Kenny Yum, “Bridging the cultural divide”, in South China Sunday Morning Post:

According to most CBC students, Hong Kong Chinese were considered to be FOBs because they continued to partake in Hong Kong popular culture, and they were physically distinctive in terms of their Hong Kong styles of fashion.

1999, Cam Hue Lau, Role of Chinese Social Clubs in Chinese Identity: An Exploration of a Group of University Students (MA thesis), Calgary, Alberta: University of Calgary, page 92:

ESLs felt that they were better than CBCs because of their perceived cultural "authenticity," their loyalty to the home country, and their detailed knowledge of a language and culture that was not Canadian. And CBCs felt that they were better than ESLs because they had adapted to Canadian culture, were more interested in the present as opposed to the perceived obsession that ESLs had with the past, and were more aware of North American popular culture, such as style and music.

2008, Shauna Pomerantz, Girls, Style, and School Identities: Dressing the Part, New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, →ISBN, pages 80–81:

This survey has successfully identified some causative patterns and risk factors for CBCs leaving bicultural Chinese churches, which indicate where preventative kinds of leadership measures can be taken. For example, the research revealed that the life stage when the majority leave is young adulthood; that most CBCs deliberated for a lengthy period of time, assessing their options, before exiting; and that follow-up with them appears to have been minimal or nonexistent.

2015, Matthew Richard Sheldon Todd, English Ministry Crisis in Chinese Canadian Churches: Towards the Retention of English-Speaking Adults from Chinese Canadian Churches through Associated Parallel Independent English Congregational Models, Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock, →ISBN, page 115:

(Canada, US) Initialism of Canadian-born Chinese.


CTV

Canadian Television
w:Canadian Television

(Canada) Initialism of Canadian Television, a Canadian national television network


Ltd.

limited liability company
limited liability company#English

(British, Canada, Ireland) Abbreviation of limited liability company.


PBS

(Canada, US, television) Initialism of Public Broadcasting Service.


metre

metre (countable and uncountable, plural metres)

From Old English, from Latin metrum, from Ancient Greek μέτρον (métron, “measure, rule, length, size, poetic metre”).

der

(UK, Canada) The rhythm or measure in language (especially verse) and musical composition.

metro

rhythm or measure in verse and musical composition


café

cafés (plural)
cafe (alternative)
caffè (alternative)
caffe (alternative)
caffé (alternative)
caff (alternative)

Unadapted borrowing from French café (“coffee; coffee shop”). Doublet of caffè and coffee.

ubor

1982, Joni Mitchell (lyrics and music), “Chinese Café / Unchained Melody”:

(Canada) A small restaurant of any genre.


AAA

(sports, Canada, US) The highest level of minor league baseball, often used by extension in other sports to indicate the highest level of minor league play in that sport as well.


subway

In 1884 Greathead was part of a syndicate that obtained powers for another subway – 'The City of London & Southwark Subway'. The term 'subway' sounded more sophisticated than 'underground railway', which was associated with the sulphurous Metropolitan, and it would be adopted by New York for its own electric metro when work started on that in 1904.

2012, Andrew Martin, Underground Overground: A passenger's history of the Tube, Profile Books, →ISBN, page 98:

(Canada, US, Scotland, South Africa) An underground railway, especially for mass transit of people in urban areas.

Just before you leave, the subway comes. You get on. It stops at the next station.

1981 April 29, Russel Baker, “And Only Sixty Cents”, in The New York Times:

(Canada, US, Scotland, South Africa) A train that runs on such an underground railway.

(Canada, US) A rapid transit system, regardless of the elevation of its right of way; a metro system.


CC

en-noun

CC (countable and uncountable, plural CCs)

(Canada) Companion of the Order of Canada.


premier

Borrowed from Middle French premier (adjective), from Latin prīmārius. Doublet of primary.

prime minister

parliamentary leader of government and leader of cabinet in a national parliament

prime minister

head of government in a non-Westminster system

More surprising than the company′s activities and interests were those of the premier of Ontario, Mitchell Hepburn.

1974, Irving M. Abella, On Strike; Six Key Labour Struggles in Canada, 1919-1949, page 96:

The major concern of most of the premiers who attended the 1887 conference was, as Macdonald well understood, to put pressure upoon Ottawa to amend the B.N.A. Act to increase the subsidies paid to the provinces by tying them to current population levels rather than those of 1860.

1986, R. Kenneth Carty, National Politics and Community in Canada, page 116:

John Forrest had dominated the fledgling state of Western Australia, serving as premier for the previous decade.

2007, Patrick Moray Weller, Cabinet Government in Australia, 1901-2006: Practice, Principles, Performance, page 1:

In 1890 it was South Australian Premier Charles Cameron Kingston who first proposed a system of compulsory conciliation and arbitration to deal with industrial unrest.

2009, Andrew Stewart, edited by John Spoehr, Chapter 16: Industrial Relations: State of South Australia: From Crisis to Prosperity?, page 302:

In 2009 Kristina Keneally became Labor premier in NSW in similar circumstances to her predecessors in Western Australia and Victoria - a Labor government that was in deep trouble because of mismanagement and corruption scandals.

2011, Jennifer Curtin, Marian Sawer, “4: Oceania”, in Gretchen Bauer, Manon Tremblay, editors, Women in Executive Power: A Global Overview, page 56:

(politics, UK, Westminster system) The head of government in parliament and leader of the cabinet.

(politics, Australia, Canada, South Africa) The leader of a state or provincial government and cabinet.

省長 /省长

Australia, Canada: head of a state or provincial government

first minister

parliamentary leader of government and leader of cabinet in a state or provincial parliament


atom

→ Swahili: atomi

From Middle English attome, from Middle French athome, from Latin atomus (“smallest particle”), from Ancient Greek ἄτομος (átomos, “indivisible”), from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + τέμνω (témnō, “I cut”). Atoms are so named because historically the notion was that they were indivisible, given that chemically they are indeed so; the splitting of atoms awaited a later era of science and technology, and nonchemical means.

atoom

historical: theoretical particle of matter

atom

mathematics: member of a Boolean algebra

बूलियन बिजगणितीय प्रणालीतील एक घटक

(Canada, usually attributive) An age group division in hockey for nine- to eleven-year-olds.


fag

1921 John Lind, The Female Impersonators (Historical Documentation of American Slang v. 1, A-G, edited by Jonathan E. Lighter (New York: Random House, 1994) page 716.
Androgynes known as “fairies,” “fags,” or “brownies.”

In schizophrenics, however, the homosexual outlet is sooner or later ... ideas that strangers call them "cs," "fairy," "woman," "fag," " fruit," etc.). ...

1926, American Neurological Association with New York Neurological Association et al., Journal of nervous and mental disease, volume 94, page 467:

When they pick out a set of clubs for him to rent, he is so indifferent and silent the freckled kid in charge stares at him as if he's a moron. The thought flits through his brain that Eccles is known as a fag and he has become the new pet.

1960, John Updike, 'Rabbit, Run', page 111:

A couple of days later, Trisha tells Madelyn there is a rumor going around that she's a fag.

2006, Lynn Mickelsen, Confusion Turned to Chaos:

... what appeared to be overt appeals to anti-gay sentiment. When House Majority Whip Dick Armey referred to fellow Congressman Barney Frank as "Barney Fag" in 1995, he suffered a barage of negative publicity that prompted him to explain his choice of words as a slip of the tongue.

2008, Paul Ryan Brewer, Value war: public opinion and the politics of gay rights, →ISBN, page 60:

(chiefly US, Canada, vulgar, usually offensive, sometimes endearing) A homosexual man, especially (usually derogatory) an effeminate or unusual one.

死基佬 (sei² gei¹ lou², literally “damn homosexual”)


bus

→ Arabic: بَاص (bāṣ)

⇒ Burmese: ဘတ်စ်ကား (bhatcka:)

→ Cantonese: 巴士

→ Mandarin: 巴士 (bāshì)

→ German: Bus m

→ Hindi: बस (bas)

→ Irish: bus

desctree

→ Japanese: バス (basu)
→ Hakka: 巴士 (pa-sṳ́)
→ Hokkien: 巴士 (bá-suh)
→ Kavalan: basu
→ Sakizaya: basu

→ Korean: 버스 (beoseu)

→ Kurtöp: བས (bas)

→ Malay: bas

→ Pashto: بس

⇒ Sanskrit: बसयान (basayāna)

→ Scottish Gaelic: bus

→ Thai: บัส (bát)

→ Tibetan: འབའ་སེ ('ba' se)

→ Urdu: بس

→ Welsh: bws

Clipping of omnibus. Formerly often spelt 'bus. The electrical sense is derived from figurative application of the automotive sense.

(automotive) A motor vehicle for transporting large numbers of people along roads.

(chiefly US, Canada) A coach, a bus used for long travels.


school

en-noun

school (countable and uncountable, plural schools)

Australian Kriol: skul

Bislama: skul

Nigerian Pidgin: skul

Tok Pisin: skul, sikul

Pijin: skul

→ Maori: kura

→ Swahili: skule, skuli

From Middle English scole, from Old English scōl (“place of education”), from Late Latin schola, scola (“learned discussion or dissertation, lecture, school”), from Ancient Greek σχολή (skholḗ, “spare time, leisure”), from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- (“to hold, have, possess”). Doublet of schola and shul.
Compare Old Frisian skūle, schūle (“school”) (West Frisian skoalle, Saterland Frisian Skoule), Dutch school (“school”), German Low German School (“school”), Old High German scuola (“school”), German Schule (“school”), Old Norse skóli (“school”).
Influenced in some senses by Middle English schole (“group of persons, host, company”), from Middle Dutch scole (“multitude, troop, band”). See school (“group”). Related also to Old High German sigi (German Sieg, “victory”), Old English siġe, sigor (“victory”).

cog

German <i class="Latn mention" lang="de">Sieg</i>

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class IV § 542. School

Appendix:Moby Thesaurus II/36 § graduate school

Appendix:Moby Thesaurus II/39 § high school

Appendix:Moby Thesaurus II/46 § junior high school

Appendix:Moby Thesaurus II/52 § middle school

Appendix:Moby Thesaurus II/57 § normal school

Appendix:Moby Thesaurus II/58 § open classroom school

Appendix:Moby Thesaurus II/65 § preparatory school

Appendix:Moby Thesaurus II/67 § public school

Appendix:Moby Thesaurus II/75 § secondary school

Appendix:Moby Thesaurus II/80 § special school

Appendix:Moby Thesaurus II/83 § summer school

Our children attend a public school in our neighborhood.

Harvard University is a famous American postsecondary school.

(Canada, US) An institution dedicated to teaching and learning; an educational institution.

шко́ла

specialised, e.g. music, language school

an institution dedicated to teaching and learning before college or university


buggy

→ Gulf Arabic: بقي (bagi, “ATV”)

(Canada, Southern US, Western Pennsylvania) A shopping cart or trolley.


shopping cart

/ˈʃɑpɪŋ kɑɹt/

(US, Canada, Philippines) A conveyance used to carry groceries and other items while shopping in a store.

عَرَبَة

conveyance used to carry items while shopping


PC

Progressive Canadian Party
w:Progressive Canadian Party

(Canada, politics) Initialism of Progressive Canadian Party.

Progressive Conservative Party
Progressive Conservative Party#English

(Canada, politics, dated) Initialism of Progressive Conservative Party.


Persian

/ˈpɜː(ɹ)ʃən/

From Middle English percynne, from Middle French persien, from Italian persiano, from Medieval Latin Persiānus, from Latin Persia, from Ancient Greek Περσίς (Persís), from Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (p-a-r-s /Pārsa/, “Persia”) (compare Early Classical Persian پارس (pārs) or modern Iranian Persian فارس (fârs), where the shift p > f. Equivalent to Persia + -ian.

der

(Canada, chiefly Northwestern Ontario) A pastry local to the Thunder Bay region in Canada often compared to either a cinnamon bun or a donut topped with pink icing.


tool

From Middle English tool, tol, from Old English tōl (“tool, implement, instrument”, literally “that with which one prepares something”), perhaps borrowed from Old Norse tól, but at any rate ultimately from Proto-Germanic *tōlą (“that which is used in preparation, tool”), from Proto-Indo-European *dewh₂- (“to tie to, secure”), equivalent to taw (“to prepare”) + -le (agent suffix). Cognate with Scots tuil (“tool, implement, instrument, device”), Icelandic tól (“tool”), Faroese tól (“tool, instrument”). Related to Old English tāwian (“to make, prepare, or cultivate”); see taw, and tow ("fibres used for spinning").

mjet

mechanical device intended to make a task easier

In my city keep a tool
Lil nigga you know the rules

2019 January 2, Burna Bandz (lyrics and music), “Goons” (track 13), in Compact Burna:

(slang, Canada, US, MTE, MLE, and possibly wider) A handgun.


hook

sometimes in Northern England and Ireland, otherwise obsolete

From Middle English hoke, from Old English hōc, from Proto-West Germanic *hōk, from Proto-Germanic *hōkaz, variant of *hakô (“hook”), probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kog-, *keg-, *keng- (“peg, hook, claw”).
Cognates
Compare West Frisian heak, Dutch haak (“hook”)) (compare West Frisian/Dutch hoek (“hook, angle, corner”), Low German Hook, Huuk); also related to hake.

(Canada, Australia, military) Any of the chevrons denoting rank.


bill

→ Swahili: bili

→ Thai: บิล (bin)

→ Tokelauan: pili

→ Jamaican Creole: bills

From Middle English bille, from Anglo-Norman bille, from Old French bulle, from Medieval Latin bulla (“seal, sealed document”). Doublet of bull (“papal bull; bubble”) and bulla.

dbt

l-vocalizing: UK, General Australian, New Zealand

He gave the change for a three dollar bill. Upon examination, the bill proved to be counterfeit.

1830, anonymous author, The Galaxy of Wit: Or, Laughing Philosopher, Being a Collection of Choice Anecdotes, Many of Which Originated in or about "The Literary Emporium":

[…]So I wropped 'em up in a five dollar bill and tied 'em up and sent 'em, and they ain't back yet.”

1935, Cabins in the Laurel, University of North Carolina Press, published 19 March 2014, →ISBN, page 231:

I ran into the Devil, babe, he loaned me 20 bills.

1970, “Friend of the Devil”, performed by Grateful Dead:

(US, Canada) A piece of paper money; a banknote.

There was no excuse, simply no excuse for not making four or five bills a week. A little initiative, that's all.

1954, Budd Schulberg, On the Waterfront, Random House, page 25:

All we got from her was Stranahan's location, and barely that. A house in the bay, she said. A house with a windmill. Easiest five bills that woman ever made.

1989, Carl Hiaasen, Skin Tight, Penguin Group, →ISBN, page 113:

(slang, Canada, US) One hundred dollars.

A piece of paper money; a banknote.
One hundred dollars.


trash

en-noun

trash (countable and uncountable, plural trashes)

From Middle English trasch, trassh, probably a dialectal form of *trass (compare Orkney truss, English dialectal trous), from Old Norse tros (“rubbish, fallen leaves and twigs”). Compare Norwegian trask (“lumber, trash, baggage”), Swedish trasa (“rag, cloth, worthless fellow”), Swedish trås (“dry fallen twigs, wood-waste”). Compare also Old English þreax (“rottenness, rubbish”).

cog

one man's trash is another man's treasure

A haunch of venison would be trash to a Brahmin.

1828, Walter Savage Landor, “Robert Southey and Porson”, in Imaginary Conversations of Literary Men and Statesmen, volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC:

(chiefly Canada, US) Useless physical things to be discarded; rubbish; refuse.

refuse

(chiefly Canada, US, metonymically) A container into which things are discarded.

When your life is trash, you don't have much to lose.

(chiefly Canada, US, figurative) Something worthless or of poor quality.

(chiefly Canada, US, slang, derogatory) People of low social status or class. (See, for example, white trash or Eurotrash.)

Near-synonyms: stan; see also Thesaurus:fan

I am Harry Potter trash.

(chiefly Canada, US, fandom slang, humorous, uncountable) A fan who is excessively obsessed with their fandom and its fanworks.


pop

en-noun

pop (countable and uncountable, plural pops)

From Middle English pop, poppe (“a blow; strike; buffet”) (> Middle English poppen (“to strike; thrust”, verb)), of onomatopoeic origin – used to describe the sound, or short, sharp actions. The physics sense is part of a facetious sequence "snap, crackle, pop", after the mascots of Rice Krispies cereal.

cog

Lunch was sandwiches and a bottle of pop.

The best thing on the table was a tray full of bottles of lemon pop.

(uncountable, regional, Midwestern US, Canada, Inland Northern American, Midlands, Northwestern US, Western Pennsylvania, Northern England) An effervescent or fizzy drink, most frequently nonalcoholic; soda pop.

Go in the store and buy us three pops.

(countable, regional, Midwestern US, Inland Northern American, Northwestern US, Canada, Western Pennsylvania) A bottle, can, or serving of effervescent or fizzy drink, most frequently nonalcoholic; a soda pop.


bless

An ellipsis for an expression such as bless your heart.

Ah bless! You must be the welcoming committee for anyone who dares express ignorance.

1998, Peter Coffey, “New Alternative View Of Atomic Structure”, in sci.chem (Usenet):

oh bless. *hug* that is not true. nobody here bears a grudge against 13 year old dear or against you.

2000, Hellraiser, uk.people.teens (Usenet):

Aw bless... have white chocolate fudge muffin....a new batch.... made them last night after Nigella....

2001, Will, “Am I still here?”, in uk.religion.pagan (Usenet):

(UK, Canada, informal) Used as an expression of endearment, gratitude, or (ironically) belittlement.


slash

Originally a verb of uncertain etymology. Possibly from French esclachier (“to break”). Used in the Wycliffe Bible as slascht (see 1 Kings 5:18) but otherwise unattested until 16th century. Conjunctive use from various applications of the punctuation mark ⟨/⟩. See also slash fiction.

We passed over the shoulder of a ridge and around the edge of a fire slash, and then we had the mountain fairly before us.

1895, Henry Van Dyke, Little Rivers: A Book of Essays in Profitable Idleness:

(US and Canada) A clearing in a forest, particularly one made by logging, fire, or other violent action.

Slash generated during logging may constitute a fire hazard.

(US and Canada) The loose woody debris remaining from a slash; the trimmings left while preparing felled trees for removal.


slash

en-verb

slash (third-person singular simple present slashes, present participle slashing, simple past and past participle slashed)

slashes (present singular third-person)
slashing (participle present)
slashed (participle past)
slashed (past)

The province's traditional slash-and-burn agriculture was only sustainable with a much smaller population.

(US, Canada) To clear land, (particularly forestry) with violent action such as logging or brushfires or (agriculture, uncommon) through grazing.


slash

Saul Hudson is a famous musician/songwriter.

What this, the Slashie, means is that you consider me the best actor slash model and not the other way around.

2001, Drake Sather, Ben Stiller, John Hamburg, Zoolander, spoken by Fabio Lanzoni:

“It’s been a joke-slash-tragedy,” the restaurant host, 29, said of the president’s tumultuous far-right administration as she cast her vote against him in her country’s most important election in decades.

2022 October 2, Tom Phillips, “‘A day of hope’: Lula fans eager to see Bolsonaro defeated”, in The Guardian:

(Canada, US) Used to connect two or more identities in a list.

Alternatives can be marked by the slash/stroke/solidus punctuation mark, a tall, right-slanting oblique line.
Read: Alternatives can be marked by the slash-slash-stroke-slash-solidus punctuation mark, a tall, right-slanting oblique line.


rock

en-noun

rock (countable and uncountable, plural rocks)

From Middle English rocke, rokke (“rock formation”), from Old English *rocc (“rock”), as in Old English stānrocc (“high stone rock, peak, obelisk”), and also later from Anglo-Norman roque, (compare Modern French roc, roche, rocher), from Medieval Latin rocca (attested 767), of uncertain origin, sometimes said to be of Celtic (in particular, perhaps Gaulish) origin (compare Breton roc'h). Related also to Middle Low German rocke (“rock ledge”). One suggestion is that it derives from Vulgar Latin *rupica, from rupes (compare rupico).

rockcress

Brassicaceae: Arabis, Arabidopsis, Boechera spp.

Some fool has thrown a rock through my window.

(chiefly UK, Ireland) A boulder or large stone; or (US, Canada) a smaller stone; a pebble.


cash

en-noun

cash (usually uncountable, plural cashes)

→ Armenian: քեշ (kʻeš)

→ Georgian: ქეში (keši)

→ Japanese: キャッシュ (kyasshu)

→ Korean: 캐시 (kaesi)

→ Punjabi: ਕੈਸ਼ (kaiś)

→ Russian: кэш (kɛš)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ке̏ш

Latin script: kȅš

→ Swedish: cash

→ Wu: 開許 /开许 (¹khe-shiu)

From late Middle French caisse (“money-box”), itself borrowed from Occitan caissa, from Latin capsa (“box”), ultimately from capiō (“take, seize”), from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂p- (“grasp”). Doublet of case, chase, and chasse. Compare Spanish caja (“box”).

Let me just bring these to the cash for you.

Visit Apple’s jam-packed stores and you won’t see lines at the cash — because every sales clerk is also your cashier, using cellphone card-readers to zip you through.

2017 December 30, Josh Freed, “Just you wait — technology might be the end of the line”, in Montreal Gazette, page A4, column 2:

(countable, Canada) Cash register, or the counter in a business where the cash register is located.


college

colleges (plural)
colledg (alternative)
colledge (alternative)

⇒ Bengali: কলেজ (kolej)

→ Finnish: college

⇒ Hindustani:

desc

Hindi: कालिज (kālij), कॉलेज (kŏlej), कालेज (kālej)

Urdu: کالِج (kālij)

→ Russian: ко́лледж (kólledž), колле́дж (kollédž)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ко̀леџ

Latin script: kòledž

→ Slovene: koledž

→ Ukrainian: ко́ле́дж (kólédž)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱe-?
Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm
Proto-Italic *kom
Old Latin com
Latin cum
Latin con-
Latin lēx
Latin -ō
Latin lēgō
Latin collēga
Proto-Indo-European *-yōs
Proto-Italic *-jōs
Old Latin -ios
Latin -ius
Latin -ium
Latin collēgiumbor.
Old French college
Middle French collegebor.
Middle English college
English college
From Middle English college, from Middle French college, from Old French college, from Latin collēgium. Doublet of collegium.

大專 /大专

postsecondary institution that does not award bachelor's degrees

مَعْهَد

non-specialized, semi-autonomous division of a university

(Canada) A postsecondary institution that offers vocational training and/or associate's degrees.


public school

public schools (plural)
public-school (alternative)

From public (originally, "communal" and contrasted with personal tutors; later, "state-run" and contrasted with private schools) + school.

The Court voted for the erecting a Publick Schooll or Colledge in Cambridge.

1636, Harvard College Records, published 1925, I.171:

The Governor and Provincial Council shall erect and order all public Schooles.

1683, Pennsylvania Frame of Government, §10:

By Act of Parliament no school is to be kept within two miles of a publick school.

1702, Henry Paton, Minnigaff Parish Records: the Session Book of Minnigaff, 1694-1750, published 1939:

A subscription... by a great part of the settlers and others to build a Public School at the Green Hills.

1804 August 12, Sydney Gazette, section 1:

Hardly anywhere in France... can the private boys' schools, whether they be lay or congreganist, hold their own in the competition with the public schools.

1861, Matthew Arnold, The Popular Education of France, with Notices of that of Holland and Switzerland, x.105:

Every school under the management of the school board of a parish shall be deemed a parish school, and every school under the management of the school board of a burgh shall be deemed a burgh school, and all such schools are hereby declared to be public schools within the meaning of this Act.

1872, Acts of Parliament 35 & 36 under Victoria (Scotland), c.62, §25

Public Schools... are distinguished from those which until recently were entitled Grammar Schools.

As to the two races involved in this question of public schools the difference is this: the negroes do not wish mixed schools; the white people will not have them.

If our public schools fail to furnish an education fully as good as can be obtained in private schools, intelligent, conscientious, and well-to-do parents will withdraw their children.

Public Schools. Course of Instruction... Class III. To include at least reading, writing, arithmetic, outlines of history and geography, and lessons on natural objects.

1904, Cape of Good Hope C.S. List, section 267:

The term ‘public school’ has a different connotation in New Zealand. It implies the Borough or County school; the school provided by the State.

1932, Nelle Scanlan, Pencarrow, section 256:

(Canada, US, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Philippines, formerly Scottish) A publicly funded and administered school; (UK, Ireland) such schools in the context of other countries


jibe

en-verb

jibe (third-person singular simple present jibes, present participle jibing, simple past and past participle jibed)

jibes (present singular third-person)
jibing (participle present)
jibed (participle past)
jibed (past)
gibe (alternative)
gybe (alternative)

Origin unknown; perhaps related to chime (“to cause to sound in harmony”).

unknown

Origin unknown

That explanation doesn’t jibe with the facts.

[T]here is something wrong with your figures. They do not jibe with experience. They do not jibe with prices. They do not jibe with what we know.

1926 May 13, Henry H. Glassie (witness), “Statement of Henry H. Glassie, Member of United States Tariff Commission”, in Investigation of the Tariff Commission: Hearings before the Select Committee on Investigation of the Tariff Commission, United States Senate, Sixty-ninth Congress, First Session […] Part 1 […], Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 529:

This did not jibe with the objectivist view that metaphor is of only peripheral interest in an account of meaning and truth and that it plays at best a marginal role in understanding.

1980, George Lakoff, Mark Johnson, chapter 27, in Metaphors We Live By:

(intransitive, Canada, US, informal) To accord or agree.


real estate

Estate that is real, in the legal sense of "relating to immovable tangible property". This sense of the word ultimately goes back to Latin, where reālis could be used similarly.

They failed to find any investors for the construction of new real estate on the north side.

(US, Canada, Australia) Property that cannot easily be moved, usually buildings and the ground they are built on.


Americanize

en-verb

Americanize (third-person singular simple present Americanizes, present participle Americanizing, simple past and past participle Americanized)

Americanizes (present singular third-person)
Americanizing (participle present)
Americanized (participle past)
Americanized (past)
Americanise (alternative)

From American + -ize; first attested in 1797.

United States of America
United States of America

(US, Canada) To render American; to adapt to the custom, culture, or style of the United States of America.

(US, Canada) To localize a medium for sale or use in the United States.


proctor

proctors (plural)
proctour (alternative)

Inherited from Middle English procatour, contraction of procuratour; compare proxy. Doublet of procurator.

(Canada, US, Philippines) A person who supervises students as they take an examination, in the United States at the college/university level; often the department secretary, or a fellow/graduate student; an invigilator.


proctor

proctor (third-person singular simple present proctors, present participle proctoring, simple past and past participle proctored)

proctors (present singular third-person)
proctoring (participle present)
proctored (participle past)
proctored (past)
proctour (alternative)

(Canada, US, Philippines) to function as a proctor


movie

→ Bengali: মুভী (mubhi), মুভি (mubhi)

→ Hindi: मूवी (mūvī)

→ Japanese: ムービー (mūbī)

→ Korean: 무비 (mubi)

desc

→ Urdu: مُووِی (mūvī)

→ Urdu: مُووِی (mūvī)

→ Yiddish: מוּווי (muvi)

From moving (picture) + -ie. Attested since at least 1912 (if not 1908), originally in American English.

(chiefly Canada, US, Australia) A recorded sequence of images displayed on a screen at a rate sufficiently fast to create the appearance of motion; a film.

Let's go to the movies.

(usually in the plural, chiefly Canada, US, Australia) A cinema; a movie theatre.


lemonade

en-noun

lemonade (countable and uncountable, plural lemonades)

→ Japanese: レモネード (remonēdo)

→ Korean: 레모네이드 (remoneideu)

→ Welsh: lemonêd

From French limonade, equivalent to lemon + -ade.

നാരങ്ങാവെള്ളം

nāraṅṅāveḷḷaṁ

(US, Canada, India, Philippines) A flavoured beverage consisting of water, lemon, and sweetener, sometimes ice, served mainly as a refreshment.


furnace

From Middle English forneys, from Old French fornais (French fournaise), from Latin fornāx.

հնոց

device for heating in a factory, melting metals, etc

there may be snow on the rooftop but there is fire in the furnace

HVAC services include furnace maintenance.

(US, Canada) A device that provides heat for a building.


gasoline

gasoline (usually uncountable, plural gasolines)

gasolines (plural)
gasolene (alternative)

→ Japanese: ガソリン (gasorin)

→ Korean: 가솔린 (gasollin)

desctree

→ Spanish: gasolina
→ Bikol Central: gasolina
→ Cebuano: gasolina
→ Hiligaynon: gasolina
→ Tagalog: gasolina
→ Zoogocho Zapotec: gasolin

→ Wu: 隑斯林 /𬮿斯林 (⁶ge-sy-lin)

From Cazeline (possibly influenced by Gazeline, the name of an Irish copy), a brand of petroleum-derived lighting oil, from the surname of the man who first marketed it in 1862, John Cassell, and the suffix -eline. The name Cassell is from Anglo-Norman castel (cognate of English castle), from Old French castel, from Latin castellum, diminutive of castrum. The suffix -eline is from Ancient Greek ἔλαιον (élaion, “oil, olive oil”), from ἐλαία (elaía, “olive”). Gasolene is found from 1863, and gasoline from 1864.

der

[…] naphtha of specific gravity exceeding eighty degrees […] and of the kind usually known as gasoline, shall be subject to a tax of five per centum ad valorem.

1864, Congress of the United States, Internal Revenue Act §94:

So you punched out a window for ventilation. Was that before or after you noticed you were standing in a lake of gasoline?

Localities across New Jersey imposed curfews to prevent looting. In Monmouth, Ocean and other counties, people waited for hours for gasoline at the few stations that had electricity. Supermarket shelves were stripped bare.

2012 October 31, David M. Halbfinger, “New Jersey Continues to Cope with Hurricane Sandy”, in New York Times, retrieved 2012-10-31:

(uncountable, Canada, US, Philippines) A flammable liquid consisting of a mixture of refined petroleum hydrocarbons, mainly used as a motor fuel; petrol.


nexus

en-noun

nexus (countable and uncountable, plural nexuses or nexusses or (rare) nexus)

nexuses (plural)
nexusses (plural)
nexus (plural rare)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-nexus.wav

From Latin nexus (“connection, nexus; act of binding, tying or fastening together; something which binds, binding, bond, fastening, joint; legal obligation”), from nectō (“to attach, bind, connect, fasten, tie; to interweave; to relate; to unite; to bind by obligation, make liable, oblige; to compose, contrive, devise, produce”) + -tus (suffix forming verbal nouns).

der

(Canada, US, finance, law) The relationship between a vendor and a jurisdiction for the purpose of taxation, established for example by the vendor operating a physical store in that jurisdiction.


Mountie

(Canada, informal, law enforcement) A member of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police.

(Canada, informal, historical, law enforcement) A member of the North West Mounted Police


hockey

Unknown, 16th century. Of uncertain origin; possibly related to hook due to the curvature of the stick, or from French hoquet.

(Canada, US) Ice hockey, a game on ice in which two teams of six players skate and try to score by shooting a puck into the opposing team's net, using their sticks.


spelunker

From then-obsolete spelunk (noun) + -er. Coined by New England cave explorer Roger Charles Johnson in the 1930s.

I took to fishing, on mountain brooks and lakes, and finally I was inveigled into becoming a spelunker. A spelunker is a human worm who crawls into caves ("splunca" is Latin for cave) and explores them.

1943, Clay Perry, Author and Journalist Magazine:

(Canada, US) One who explores caves; one who spelunks.


ginger

en-adj

ginger (comparative more ginger or (rare) gingerer, superlative most ginger or (rare) gingerest)

more ginger (comparative)
gingerer (comparative rare)
most ginger (superlative)
gingerest (rare superlative)

/ˈd͡ʒɪnd͡ʒɚ/

He’s going to get an interview about ten o’clock, making the old gentleman predict war, and we’ll get out the gingerest kind of a special on the strength of it!

1899 April 1, Richard Stillman Powell [pseudonym; Ralph Henry Barbour], “The President and Tom Collins”, in The Saturday Evening Post, volume 171, number 40, Philadelphia, Pa.: The Curtis Publishing Company, →ISSN, page 626, column 2:

Wherefore, although for my own car I want the “gingerest” possible engine, I realise that it has shortcomings for the general market and I would commend to designers the ideal of an engine that shall be as “woolly” as possible, so long as its artificially restricted dimensions shall not cause its owner to find himself unable to tackle respectable gradients.

1921 January 29, W. Harold Johnson, “[The Automobile World.] My Ideal Small Car Specification”, in Country Life: The Journal for All Interested in Country Life & Country Pursuits, volume XLIX, number 1277, London, page lxvi, column 1:

“Coney Island” is by far the best picture the Hip has had. That says very little for a house that has held the worst, but this F. B. O. [Film Booking Offices] will do business this week for the Hip because it more than makes good under one of the gingerest of names. And a name that should draw by itself.

1928 February 15, “Coney Island”, in Variety, volume XC, number 5, New York, N.Y.: Variety, Inc., →ISSN, page 27, column 3:

They, the Rabbis, for better or for worse, were very ginger with this question.

2006, John W. McGinley, About the King’s Choice to Build His Palace Right on Top of a Dunghill: (Or, How to Conceptualize Jewishly), Lincoln, Neb.: iUniverse, →ISBN, page 540:

After a very ginger landing, everyone aboard was able to see up close how lucky they had been to reach base.

Moving very slowly, taking extremely ginger steps, the woman felt beads of sweat dripping down from her body.

2009, Franklin Newman, The Prophetess of Bromfryel: The Knights of Callistor, page 509:

My face hurt like a son of a bitch every time I placed even the gingerest of fingertips on it, but from what I could see from my reflection in the broad blade of my letter opener, it still hadn’t swollen.

2011, Craig Russell, chapter 5, in The Deep Dark Sleep (Lennox; 3), London: Quercus, →ISBN, page 106:

To walk, each crutch he kinda hopped forward a little and used his torso to drag his legs after, using them as the gingerest element of a tripod.

2013, T. D. Badyna, chapter 4, in Flick, Whistle-Bit Books, →ISBN, page 44:

Silence settles once more between us all, filled only by the gingerest of clinks of forks reluctantly hovering over flesh.

2015, James Hannah, “Rib”, in The A to Z of You and Me, London: Black Swan, Transworld Publishers, →ISBN, page 221:

(chiefly British, regional, Canada, US) Very careful or cautious; also, delicate, sensitive.


ladybug

ladybugs (plural)
lady-bug (alternative)

From lady + bug, the “lady” here referring to Virgin Mary, the mother of Jesus. Compare German Marienkäfer, Danish mariehøne, Latvian mārīte, Macedonian бубамара (bubamara) and Spanish mariquita.


barber

→ Indonesian: barber

→ Polish: barber

PIE word
 *bʰardʰéh₂
From Middle English barbour, from Anglo-Norman barbour, from Old French barbeor, from barbe (“beard”), from Latin barba.

never ask the barber if you need a haircut

(Canada) A storm accompanied by driving ice spicules formed from sea water, especially one occurring on the Gulf of St. Lawrence; so named from the cutting ice spicules.


climber

From Middle English climber, clymber, clymbare (“one who climbs, climber”), from climben (“to climb; to ascend, fly upward, rise; to slope upwards; to approach God in prayer; to advance; to overcome, triumph; to aspire; to be presumptuous”) + -er, -ere (suffix forming agent nouns). The English word is analysable as climb (verb) + -er (suffix forming agent nouns).

affix

If his greatest hits are museum climbers that complement the subject matter in surrounding exhibits, then "the mall jobs," he says, which are more about color and composition, "are little ditties."

2016 September 28, Megan Gambino, “King of the Playground, Spencer Luckey, Builds Climbers That Are Engineering Marvels”, in Smithsonian Magazine, archived from the original on 2022-12-10:

Regardless of the design, the playground will include a traditional climber with a ramp, an upper-level climber, multiple climbing and balance opportunities, junior slides, two senior slides, a wheelchair accessible bouncing glider, a pull along slide, activity panels, a freestanding climber and swings.

2019 May 13, “Eastview Community Park wants your input for new playground”, in Guelph Today, archived from the original on 2023-03-04:

Students raced in a swarm to be the first to the top of Monterey middle school’s newest piece of playground equipment, a $50,000 climber, when principal Ken Andrews removed the yellow tape on Friday.

2019 June 4, Travis Paterson, “Monterey installs playground climber to kids’ delight”, in Victoria News, archived from the original on 2021-12-06:

We've been working for the past year to bring an inclusive zipline and a spinning rope climber to the playground!

2022 July 13, Nixon Norman, quoting Jessica Berkholtz, “Cove Universal Playground receives exciting and inclusive new additions”, in WZDX, archived from the original on 2022-08-11:

The new playground, which is made of wood, features a climber, swings, a sand play area with a play hut and digging toys.

2022 September 26, “New playground installed at Errington Community Park”, in CHEK News, archived from the original on 2022-10-07:

(chiefly Canada) Any structure on a playground designed to be climbed on.


minor

en-adj

minor (comparative more minor, superlative most minor)

more minor (comparative)
most minor (superlative)
miner (alternative)
maner (alternative)
minore (alternative)
minour (alternative)
mynor (alternative)
mynour (alternative)
mynowr (alternative)
mi (alternative)

antonym(s) of

serious, grave, severe, dangerous, fatal, life-threatening, acute (informal)

From Middle English minor, menor, menour, etc., from Latin minor (“lesser; young; young person”) both directly and via Norman and Middle French menor, menour, etc. Doublet of minus but not mini-. Cognate with minister, minify, Minorca, Menshevik, and possibly minnow. Compare Latin minimum and minuō, Old High German minniro, Cornish minow.

der

The minor requirements only involve about 20 hours of classes.

Lesser, smaller in importance, size, degree, seriousness, or significance compared to another option, particularly:

(Canada, US, education) Of or related to a minor, a secondary area of undergraduate study.


minor

minors (plural)
miner (alternative)
maner (alternative)
minore (alternative)
minour (alternative)
mynor (alternative)
mynour (alternative)
mynowr (alternative)
mi (alternative)

byvak

subject of secondary undergraduate study

I got a minor in English Lit.

(Canada, US, education) A formally recognized secondary area of undergraduate study, requiring fewer course credits than the equivalent major.

I became an English minor.

(Canada, US, education, uncommon) A person who is completing or has completed such a course of study.


major

From Middle English major, from Latin maior, comparative of magnus (“great, large; noble, important”), from Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂yōs (“greater”), comparative of *meǵh₂- (“great”). Compare West Frisian majoar (“major”), Dutch majoor (“major”), French majeur. Doublet of mayor.

pääaineopiskelija

student specializing in a specified subject

Midway through his second year of college, he still hadn't chosen a major.

(education, Canada, US, Australia, New Zealand) The principal subject or course of a student working toward a degree at a college or university.

She is a math major.

A student at a college or university specializing on a given area of study.


carry

en-verb

carry (third-person singular simple present carries, present participle carrying, simple past and past participle carried)

carries (present singular third-person)
carrying (participle present)
carried (participle past)
carried (past)

borrow

the equivalent reverse procedure in the inverse operation of subtraction

→ Cantonese: carry

From Middle English carrien, from Anglo-Norman carier (modern French charrier); from a derivative of Latin carrus (“four-wheeled baggage wagon”), ultimately of Gaulish origin.

tīhei

on the back but held in place with hands

mackerel sky and mare's-tails make lofty ships carry low sails

mackerel sky and mare's-tails make tall ships carry low sails

one can't carry two watermelons under one arm

A holster can help you carry in confidence, knowing that your weapon is secure and close at hand.

(Canada, US) To bear a firearm, such as a gun.


transport

en-noun

transport (countable and uncountable, plural transports)

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

From Middle English transporten, a borrowing from Old French transporter (“carry or convey across”), from Latin trānsportō, from trans (“across”) + porto (“to carry”). By surface analysis, trans- (“beyond, across, through”) + port (“to carry, bear, or convey; to bring”).


shan't

shalln't (alternative)
sha'n't (alternative)

From shall + -n't; contraction of shalln't or shall not, historically via shannot.

I shan't be coming back after the way you've treated me today.

That's not a threat, sir, for they have played fair with me, and I sha'n't sacrifice a penny of their money—unless they force me to do so. But—I'm in control. I'm sitting pretty. They can't unseat me, and I warn them not to try.

1922, Rex [Ellingwood] Beach, “chapter XXIV”, in Flowing Gold, New York, N.Y.: Grosset & Dunlap Publishers, by arrangement with Harper & Brothers, →OCLC, page 290:

(UK, Ireland, colloquial; archaic in US, Canada; dated in Australia, New Zealand) Contraction of shall not (negative auxiliary).


frown

From Middle English frown, froun (“a threatening appearance; lowering of the clouds”), from frounen (“to frown”). See below.

The smile and the frown are both indicated and the operation of a motor driven flasher causes the face to look happy and sad in turn.

1911 December 27, “Facial Expression Electric Sign”, in Popular Electricity, volume iv, number 8, Chicago, page 714:

1931, “Turn That Frown Upside Down, Smile at the Cock-eyed World”, Joe Young (lyrics), Sam Stept (music):

(Canada, US) A downturn of the corners of the mouth, typically expressing sadness.


petrol

en-noun

petrol (usually uncountable, plural petrols)

→ Afrikaans: petrol

→ Tibetan: པེ་ཊོལ (pe ṭol)

From French (essence de) pétrole, from Medieval Latin petroleum, from Ancient Greek πετρέλαιον (petrélaion, “oil of the rock”), from πέτρα (pétra, “stone, rock”)+ ἔλαιον (élaion, “olive oil, any oily substance”).

der

1987 October 29, Advertisement, New Scientist, page 31,
We were the first company to introduce unleaded petrol in Britain, opening our first pump in June 1986.

2000 September 27, Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the 106th Congress, Second Session, Volume 146, Part 14, page 19605,
European oil firms are beginning to follow the example of their American counterparts by adding convenience stores to their pumps: the typical American petrol station now makes some 40 percent of its profits from the sale of non-oil products, such as cigarettes and beer.

2003, S. Srinivasan, Automotive Mechanics, Tata McGraw Hill, India, 2nd Edition, page 149,
At a crank angle 6° before the TDC, the electric spark ignites the petrol mixture.

He also admitted that when big trucks bring in petrol, they park along Langata Road[…].

2006 February 10, Kenya Gazette, page 354:

2006 August, Economic Scenario, Pratiyogita Darpan, page 218,
The increase in rates comes just a few days after India raised petrol prices by 9-2% and diesel prices by 6-6% which boosed inflation expectations in Indian economy.

2008, Robin Stonecash, Joshua Gans, Stephen King, Gregory Mankiw, Principles of Macroeconomics, Cengage Learning Australia, page 122,
Most major Australian cities receive their petrol from a single refinery.

(Commonwealth, excluding Canada) A fluid consisting of a mixture of refined petroleum hydrocarbons, primarily consisting of octane, commonly used as a motor fuel.


caucus

tlb

(US, Canada, Israel, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Pakistan, archaic in UK, not used in the European Union)

Unknown. Often claimed to be from an Algonquian language; transcribed words such as cawaassough and caucauasu meaning "counselor, elder, adviser" appear in early texts. A popular folk etymology attested in Great Leaders and National Issues of 1896 stated: "In the early part of the eighteenth century a number of caulkers connected with the shipping business in the North End of Boston held a meeting for consultation. That meeting was the germ of the political caucuses which have formed so prominent a feature of our government ever since its organization." American Heritage Dictionary states the term is taken from the Caucus Club of Boston in the 1760s, possibly from Medieval Latin caucus (“drinking vessel”).

bor

He conferred with Mr. Warren of Plymouth upon the necessity of giving into spirited measures, and then said, "Do you keep the committee in play, and I will go and make a caucus against the evening; and do you meet me."

1788, William Gordon, The History of the Rise, Progress, and Establishment, of the Independence of the United States of America:

A usually preliminary meeting of party members to nominate candidates for public office or delegates to be sent to a nominating convention, or to confer regarding policy.


cot

Borrowed from Hindi खाट (khāṭ), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀔𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸 (khaṭṭā), from Sanskrit खट्वा (khaṭvā, “bedstead”).

(Canada, US, Philippines) A simple bed, especially one for portable or temporary purposes.


couch

→ German: Couch

→ Serbo-Croatian: кауч /kauč

From Middle English couche, cowche, from Old French couche, from the verb (see below). Doublet of cwtch.

At a casting workshop, an actor was performing a blank scene […] and he had not bothered to make any choices about why he was on stage, what his motivation was, what he was playing. He had decided who he was and where he was (on a couch with his girlfriend) but had not decided what he wanted. So the performance was flat and lifeless.

2009, Nancy Bishop, Secrets from the Casting Couch: On Camera Strategies for Actors from a Casting Director, London: Methuen Drama, A & C Black, →ISBN:

[…] I want to try to describe my efforts to take psychoanalysis as a method off the couch and into the work of creating and using a political conference table.

2010, Alessandra Lemma, Matthew Patrick, “Off the Couch and Round the Conference Table”, in Alessandra Lemma, Matthew Patrick, editors, Off the Couch: Contemporary Psychoanalytic Applications, London: Routledge, →ISBN:

It's not a particularly unique living room. It has a window that faces the street, two broken-in beige couches, a few end tables, a television (not the latest model), and a dark blue throw rug in the center of it all. Alice sat down on one end of one couch, and I sat down on the other end.

2014, Jennifer Mathieu, The Truth About Alice: A Novel, New York, N.Y.: Roaring Brook Press, →ISBN:

(Canada, US, Australia, Ireland) An item of furniture, often upholstered, for the comfortable seating of more than one person; a sofa.

bank

furniture for seating of more than one person


carburetor

carburetors (plural)
carburator (alternative)
carburettor (alternative)
carbureter (alternative)
carburetter (alternative)

/ˈkɑːb(j)əˌɹɛtə/

Attested from 1862, from carburet (“enrich an illuminating gas with carbon-rich fuel”) + -or. The motor vehicle sense is attested since 1896

affix

carburet<t:enrich an illuminating gas with carbon-rich fuel>

internal combustion engine
internal combustion engine

(US, Canada) A device in an internal combustion engine where fuel is vaporized and mixed with air prior to ignition.

مَازِج

a device in an internal combustion engine


muck

en-verb

muck (third-person singular simple present mucks, present participle mucking, simple past and past participle mucked)

mucks (present singular third-person)
mucking (participle present)
mucked (participle past)
mucked (past)

From Middle English mok, muk, from Old Norse myki, mykr (“dung”) or less likely Old English *moc, *moce (in hlōsmoc (“pigsty dung”) and lustmoce (“lady's smock (Cardamine pratensis)”)) (compare Icelandic mykja and Danish møg ("dung")), from Proto-Germanic *mukį̄ (“dung; manure”), from Proto-Germanic *muk-, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mewg-, *mewk- (“slick, slippery”) (compare Welsh mign (“swamp”), Latin mūcus (“snot”), mucere (“to be moldy or musty”), Latvian mukls (“swampy”), Albanian myk (“mould”), Ancient Greek μύξα (múxa, “mucus, lamp wick”), Ancient Greek μύκης (múkēs, “mushroom”), German Mauke (“mud fever”)), from *(s)mewg, mewk 'to slip'. More at meek.


timber

en-noun

timber (countable and uncountable, plural timbers)

From Middle English tymber, from Old English timber, from Proto-West Germanic *timr, from Proto-Germanic *timrą, from Proto-Indo-European *dem- (“build, house”) (see Proto-Indo-European *dṓm).
Cognates include Dutch timmer, Old High German zimbar (German Zimmer), Norwegian tømmer, Old Norse timbr, Gothic 𐍄𐌹𐌼𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (timrjan, “to build”), Latin domus and Ancient Greek δόμος (dómos).

der

(outside Canada, US, uncountable) Wood that has been pre-cut and is ready for use in construction.

خَشَب

wood that has been cut ready for construction


lumber

en-noun

lumber (usually uncountable, plural lumbers)

Exact origin unknown. The earliest recorded reference for the noun was to heavy, useless objects such as old, discarded furniture. Perhaps from the verb lumber in reference to meaning "awkward to move"; Online Etymological Dictionary thinks this may derive from the same root as lame. Possibly influenced by Lumbar, an obsolete variant of Lombard, the Italian immigrant class known for being pawnbrokers and money-lenders in early England. Compare English lumpish.

Here they live by fishing on the most plentiful coasts in the world; there they fell trees, by the sides of large rivers, for masts and lumber […].

1782, H. de Crèvecoeur, Letters from an American Farmer:

4 December 1883, Chester A. Arthur, Third State of the Union Address
The resources of Alaska, especially in fur, mines, and lumber, are considerable in extent and capable of large development, while its geographical situation is one of political and commercial importance.;

(Canada, US) Wood sawn into planks or otherwise prepared for sale or use, especially as a building material.


trunk

From Middle English tronke, trunke, from Old French tronc (“alms box, tree trunk, headless body”), from Latin truncus (“a stock, lopped tree trunk”), from truncus (“cut off, maimed, mutilated”). For the verb, compare French tronquer, and see truncate. Doublet of truncus and tronk.

der

the apple does not fall far from the trunk

I'm a stunt; ride in the car with some bump in the trunk.

2005, “Stay Fly”, in Jordan Houston, Darnell Carlton, Paul Beauregard, Premro Smith, Marlon Goodwin, David Brown, Willie Hutchinson (lyrics), Most Known Unknown, performed by Three 6 Mafia (featuring Young Buck, 8 Ball, and MJG), Sony BMG:

(Canada, US, automotive) The luggage storage compartment of a sedan/saloon-style car.

bak

luggage storage compartment of a sedan/saloon style car


beau

From Middle English beau, beu, bew, bewe, from Old French beau, from Latin bellus (“beautiful”). Doublet of bello and boo.

Hannah's beau takes all her time 'n' thought, and when she gits a husband her mother'll be out o' sight and out o' mind.

1917, Kate Douglas Wiggin, Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm, page 142:

“I don’t see how. But anyhow, you’ll be rich some day—your Aunt Elizabeth will likely leave you all her money, Mother says. So I don’t care if you are living on charity—I love you and I’m going to stick up for you. Have you got a beau, Emily?”
“No,” cried Emily, blushing violently and quite scandalized at the idea. “Why, I’m only eleven.”

1923, Lucy Maud Montgomery, “Chapter 8”, in Emily of New Moon:

Kristin Davis has taken time out to enjoy the surf and sand with her Australian beau, photographer Russell James.

2009 December 10, Philippa Bourke, Monsters and Critics:

Reporters ask her about her love life—her current beau is rumored to be Conor Kennedy, a grandson of Robert F. Kennedy—even if they get nowhere.

2012 October 24, Jon Caramanica, “No More Kid Stuff for Taylor Swift”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(dated, US, Canada) A male lover; a boyfriend.


truck

en-noun

truck (countable and uncountable, plural trucks)

Belizean Creole: chrok

→ Bengali: ট্রাক (ṭrak)

→ Bislama: trak

→ Cebuano: trak

→ French: truck

→ Hindi: ट्रक (ṭrak)

→ Indonesian: truk

→ Japanese: トラック (torakku)

→ Korean: 트럭 (teureok)

→ Maguindanao: trak

→ Malay: trak

desctree

→ Spanish: troca
→ Southeastern Tepehuan: trooka

→ Polish: trak

→ Tagalog: trak

→ Taos: tròkiʼína

→ Tausug: tarak

→ Tok Pisin: trak

→ Urdu: ٹْرَک (ṭrak)

Perhaps a shortening of truckle, related to Latin trochus (“iron hoop, wheel”) from Ancient Greek τροχός (trokhós).

Mexican open-bed trucks haul most of the fresh produce that comes into the United States from Mexico.

A line of fifty trucks from the Zenith Steel and Machinery Company was attacked by strikers-rushing out from the sidewalk, pulling drivers from the seats, smashing carburetors and commutators, while telephone girls cheered from the walk, and small boys heaved bricks.

1922, Sinclair Lewis, chapter 1, in Babbit:

That's why driving truck became more than a job for many in the industry. Driving truck was a lifestyle.

2009, James Beach, Peterbilt: Long-Haul Legend, page 48:

lorry

in Singapore usually referring to a smaller vehicle

(countable, uncountable, US, Canada, Australia) A heavier motor vehicle designed to carry goods or to pull a semi-trailer designed to carry goods; (in Malaysia/Singapore) a such vehicle with a closed or covered carriage.

vragmotor

heavier motor vehicle designed to carry goods — see also semi-trailer truck, pickup truck

དོས་འདྲེན་རླངས་འཁོར (dos 'dren rlangs 'khor, literally “transport steam-wheel”)

དོས་འཁོར

abv. of དོས་འདྲེན་རླངས་འཁོར


truck

en-verb

truck (third-person singular simple present trucks, present participle trucking, simple past and past participle trucked)

trucks (present singular third-person)
trucking (participle present)
trucked (participle past)
trucked (past)

Keep on trucking!

It has been five months since I left Mt. Diablo , and I'm still trucking along gaining slowly and I'm just a few pounds from my goal healthy weight. I'm the happiest I've been in my life because through my experiences with anorexia I[…]

1988, Krista Brown, Prepared Statement, to the United States House Select Committee on Children, Youth, and Families, regarding 'Eating Disorders: The Impact on Children and Families', July 31, 1987, page 22:

“What's ol' Harrison up to these days, Larry?” Grandpa asked. “Oh, he's still trucking along,” Uncle Larry replied.

2018 September 4, Brittany Terwilliger, The Insatiables, Amberjack Publishing, →ISBN:

(intransitive, US, Canada, slang) To persist, to endure.


trucker

From truck (“a vehicle”) + -er (occupational suffix).

suffix

I says, "Pig Pen, this here's the Rubber Duck
We just ain't a-gonna pay no toll."
So we crashed the gate doing ninety-eight.
I says "Let them truckers roll, 10-4!"

1975, “Convoy”, in C.W. McCall, Chip Davis (lyrics), Black Bear Road, performed by C. W. McCall:

Because of deregulation and the drive to lower costs, Mr. Lorr said, truckers are now regarded by many companies as just another replaceable part. Some can barely eke out a living.

2020 September 24, Alex Williams, “The Ugly (and Glorious) Truth About American Supermarkets”, in New York Times:


curriculum

en-noun

curriculum (plural curricula or curriculums)

Borrowed from Latin curriculum (“course”), derived from currō (“run, move quickly”). Doublet of curricle.

Drawing on texts recommended in curricula and controlling for two countries with benchmarked curricula improves the external representativeness of the corpus.

2018, Clarence Green, James Lambert, “Advancing disciplinary literacy through English for academic purposes: Discipline-specific wordlists, collocations and word families for eight secondary subjects”, in Journal of English for Academic Purposes, volume 35, →DOI, page 108:

(UK, Canada, Australia) The set of standards schools are required to teach all students.


homo

homo (countable and uncountable, plural homos)

One quart of homo wholesale in glass equals one quart equivalent. Certain modifications were made in these relatives to adjust for variations in units per ...

1956, Purdue University. Agricultural Experiment Station., Station bulletin, page 25:

(dated, US, Canada) Homogenized milk with a high butterfat content.


homo

Regular homo milk was being sold out of stores in half gallons for 33 cents against 44 cents on regular homo milk on home delivery.

1958, American milk review and milk plant monthly, volume 20, page 190:

(Canada, US) Homogenized; almost always said of milk with a high butterfat content.


crust

crust (countable and uncountable, plural crusts)

From Middle English cruste, from Anglo-Norman and Old French cruste, from Latin crusta (“hard outer covering”), from Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”), from *krews- (“to form a crust, begin to freeze”), related to Old Norse hroðr (“scurf”), Old English hruse (“earth”), Old High German hrosa (“crust, ice”), Latvian kruvesis (“frozen mud”), Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “frost, icy cold”), κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “crystal, ice”), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀- (xruzdra-, “hard”), Sanskrit क्रूड् (krūḍ, “thicken, make hard”).

cog

(British, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Canada, Northern US) A slice of bread cut from the end of a loaf; the heel.


cafeteria

cafeterias (plural)
caféteria (alternative)
cafétéria (alternative)
cafeterie (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish cafetería (“coffeehouse”), from cafetera (“coffee maker”), from French cafetière, from café, from Ottoman Turkish قهوه (kahve) (Turkish kahve), from Arabic قَهْوَة (qahwa, “coffee”). Doublet of cafetière.

bor+

(chiefly US, Canada) A restaurant in which customers select their food at a counter then carry it on a tray to a table to eat.

kahvio

as part of a larger entity such as a large retail store

(chiefly US, Canada) A dining area in an institution where meals may be purchased (as above), provided, or brought in from elsewhere.


burglarize

en-verb

burglarize (third-person singular simple present burglarizes, present participle burglarizing, simple past and past participle burglarized)

burglarizes (present singular third-person)
burglarizing (participle present)
burglarized (participle past)
burglarized (past)
burglarise (alternative)

/ˈbɜː(ɹ)ɡləɹaɪz/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-burglarize.wav

People who would now attempt to burglarize in top-boots, would be as mad as if they were to adopt that costume for picking pockets.

1829 July 5, [ William Hazlitt ?], “The Advantages of Committing Burglary in cuerpo Elucidated”, in The Atlas, London, page 442:

[M]en exclaim against you as the most bungling of "cabbagers" ... that ever burglarised upon the property of Shakespeare!

1839 December 7, "Mustard-Seed", “To Sir Charles Shaw, K. C. T. S., &c., &c.”, in Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser, Manchester, page 6:

In this dilemma there were but two resources open to the infuriated stewards, -- one to carry the key vi et armis; the other, to burglarize the cellar.

1840 May 1, "Shamrock", “Steeple-Chasing in Ireland”, in The Sporting Review, London, page 364:

Deaseley Brothers & Dodge, wholesale dry goods store, was burglarized last night, and three thousand dollars worth of silks taken. No arrests.

1856 November 1, Louisville Daily Courier, Louisville, KY, page 3:

I also told you my house had been thoroughly burglarized three times,

1856 December 16, "The London Scoundrel", “A Plea for the Gallows (Letter to the Editor)”, in The Times, London, page 10:

We see in a telegraphic despatch from across the boundary line that a store was "burglarized" a short time ago.

1865 September 27, Upper Canada Law Journal, Toronto, page 228:

Burglarize, to, a term creeping into journalism. ... The word has a dangerous rival in the shorter burgle.

1872, M. Schele De Vere, Americanisms: The English of the New World, New York: Charles Scribner, page 587:

During a recent burglary epidemic a police superintendent one night made a tour of inspection through the burglarised district.

1903 March 31, “From Day To Day”, in The Express and Telegraph, Adelaide, page 1:

This attempt to burglarize the house betrayed the caliber of the enemy.

1922, Victor Appleton, chapter 9, in Tom Swift And His Electric Locomotive, New York: Grossett and Dunlap, page 82:

Police said they believed the woman interrupted Harvey as he attempted to burglarize nearby cars.

2007 December 14, Robert Muirhead, “Man sent to prison for robbing woman at gunpoint”, in Journal Inquirer.com, Connecticut, page 228:

(ambitransitive, chiefly Canada, US) To commit burglary.


draft

en-noun

draft (countable and uncountable, plural drafts)

A phonetic spelling of draught (compare laughter), from Middle English draught, draght (“that which is pulled; that which is drawn up, a design”), from Old English *dreaht, *dræht, from Proto-West Germanic *drahti, *drahtu, from Proto-Germanic *drahtuz (“a pulling, drawing”), equivalent to draw (“to draw, drag”) + -t. Cognate with Dutch dracht, German Tracht, Icelandic dráttur.

inh

He left the country to avoid the draft.

(US, Canada, usually with the) Conscription; the system of forcing people to serve in the military.


final

→ Japanese: ファイナル (fainaru)

→ Korean: 파이널 (paineol)

→ Swahili: fainali

From Middle English final, fynal, fynall, from Old French final, from Latin fīnālis (“of or relating to the end or to boundaries”), from fīnis (“end”); see fine. Replaced native English endly (“final”).

der

It was tough cramming for those midterms and finals, staying up 72 hours straight hepped up on caffeine and pizza.

2005 April 13, Robert MacMillan, “Steal This Song”, in The Washington Post, retrieved 2008-10-03:

(US, Canada) A final examination; a test or examination given at the end of a term or class; the test that concludes a class.


semi

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-semi.wav

The prefix semi- (from Latin) used as a noun.

2008, Elliott Placks, quoted in Helen Isbister, Morris Bryant, Property, Career FAQs, Australia, page 40,
I′m selling two side-by-side semis that are currently under construction, a waterfront apartment and a house in Rose Bay.

The smaller semis of the 1920s and 1930s were closely related to the three bedroom pre-1919 narrow fronted terraces, at least to the larger pre-1919 terraces.

2008, Barry Goodchild, Homes, Cities and Neighbourhoods: Planning and the Residential Landscapes of Modern Britain, page 52:

The roads were lined with cramped little semis and 1960s bungalows: Britain's cheapest houses, in their flimsy, pebble-dashed glory.

2012, Tim Moore, You Are Awful (But I Like You): Travels Around Unloved Britain, Vintage, →ISBN, page 150:

(UK, Ireland, Australia, Canada, informal) A semi-detached house.

I was hungry an' freezin' an' done caught a chill / When the lights of a big semi topped the hill

1967, Tommy Faile (lyrics and music), “Phantom 309”, performed by Red Sovine:

All night we couldn′t hear each other speak because of the sound of semis changing gear to get over the hill.

2011, Eamonn Duff, Schapelle Corby: The Untold Story Behind Her Ill-Fated Drug Run, Australia: Allen & Unwin, unnumbered page:

(Australia, Canada, New Zealand, US) A semi-trailer; a tractor-trailer; an eighteen-wheeler; an artic.


sedan

The sense of "windowed chair" was first used by Sir Sanders Duncombe in 1634, possibly from a southern Italian dialect of Italian sede (“seat”), from Latin sedes. The "motorcar" sense was first recorded in 1912 in North America.

1986 May, Jack Keebler, U.S. Family Sedans - traditional technology takes on state of the art, Popular Science, page 24,
What we are observing in this sedan square-off is the cumulative effect of modern design technology on the family sedan.

In addition there was a companion four-door sedan, mounted on the C- 38 Series 121.5-inch platform and equipped with the 1 14-horsepower L-head six.

1996, Dennis Adler, Fifties Flashback: The American Car, published 2004, page 22:

The 1929 Model A Tudor sedan on these pages will receive a mild top chop of 3 inches, combined with the installation of a rear delivery door and a filled roof.

2005, Dennis W. Parks, American Hot Rod: How to Build a Hot Rod with Boyd Coddington, page 115:

(US, Australia, Canada, New Zealand) An automobile designed in a configuration with separate compartments for engine space, driver/passenger space and luggage space.


station wagon

From train station; station wagons were originally designed for transporting people and luggage between stations and country estates.

1952 November, Should You Buy A Station Wagon?, Kiplinger′s Personal Finance, page 45,
Trade-in values for station wagons have shown a marked improvement since the introduction of the all-steel body. In fact, a station wagon buyer need not worry about his investment′s depreciating any more than he would have to if he bought a four-door sedan.

The Negro was lying in a ditch on the left side of the road, face down, headed west, and the body more or less parallel to the road and about a car length behind the station wagon and a car length in front of Price′s car.

1983, Willie Morris, The Courting of Marcus Dupree, published 1992, page 164:

The prosperity of the postwar years, the baby boom, and the birth of suburbia sent the demand for station wagons soaring. As a result, by 1952 almost every manufacturer offered a station wagon model.

2005, Jim Hinckley, The Big Book of Car Culture: The Armchair Guide to Automotive Americana, page 184:

They rushed him to nearby Coledale Hospital in the back of a station wagon where doctors were standing by.

2007, Wendy Lewis, See Australia and Die: Tales of Misadventure Down Under, unnumbered page:

Two Johns (John Hoban and John Groutsch) came to Essendon airport in their Holden station wagon to take me back to Tocumwal for an interview.

2011, Balaji Rao, From India to Australia, unnumbered page:

(US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, automotive) A body style for cars in which the roof is extended rearward to produce an enclosed area in the position and serving the function of the boot (trunk) of a sedan / saloon.


automobile

→ Alabama: mobìlika

→ Hawaiian: ʻokomopila

→ Unami: hatëmopil

From French automobile, from Ancient Greek αὐτός (autós, “self”) + French mobile (“moving”), from Latin mōbilis (“movable”), equivalent to auto- (“self”) + mobile.

Surprisingly, this analysis revealed that acute exposure to solvent vapors at concentrations below those associated with long-term effects appears to increase the risk of a fatal automobile accident.

2013 July-August, Philip J. Bushnell, “Solvents, Ethanol, Car Crashes & Tolerance”, in American Scientist:

(US, Canada, Philippines, Australia, New Zealand) A type of motor vehicle designed to move on the ground under its own stored power and intended to carry a driver, a small number of additional passengers, and a very limited amount of other load. A car or motorcar.


gar

Gars are long, slender, predatory fishes of quiet waters east of the Rockies.

1967, George K. Reid, edited by Herbert S. Zim and George S. Fichter, Pond Life, New York: Golden Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 128:

(especially US, Canada) Any of several North American fish of the family Lepisosteidae that have long, narrow jaws.

luuhauki

a North or Central American fish of the family Lepisosteidae


beet

→ Chickasaw: (from the plural) biits

→ Hawaiian: piki

→ Maori: pīti

From Middle English bete, from Old English bēte, from Latin bēta, possibly of Celtic origin.

(US, Canada) A beetroot, a swollen root of such a plant.


frog

From frog legs, stereotypical food of the French. Compare Kraut (“German person”) and French rosbif (“English person”) (from roast beef), with similar food etymologies.

(Canada, offensive) A French-speaking person from Quebec.


tube

From Middle French tube, from Latin tubus (“tube, pipe”), related to tuba (“long trumpet; war-trumpet”), of obscure ultimate origin, but possibly connected to tībia (“shinbone, reed-pipe”), see there.

you can't put the toothpaste back in the tube

you can't put the toothpaste back into the tube

Right now, there is a whole, an entire generation that never knew anything that didn't come out of this tube. This tube is the gospel, the ultimate revelation; this tube can make or break presidents, popes, prime ministers; this tube is the most awesome goddamn propaganda force in the whole godless world, […]

1976, Paddy Chayefsky, Network, spoken by Howard Beale (Peter Finch):

I sit around and watch the tube, but nothing's on. I change the channels for an hour or two.

1994, Billie Joe Armstrong (lyrics and music), “Longview”, in Dookie, performed by Green Day:

cathode ray tube
cathode ray tube#English

(Canada, US, colloquial) A television. Compare cathode ray tube and picture tube.


telephone

en-noun

telephone (countable and uncountable, plural telephones)

First used by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876 to refer to the modern instrument, but previous devices had been given this name, which was borrowed from French téléphone. Ultimately from Ancient Greek τῆλε (têle, “afar”) + φωνή (phōnḗ, “voice, sound”).

ателефон

a device used for two-way talking with other people

talk to Ralph on the big white telephone

And since the spring of 1995, no game of telephone has ended without some Simpsons-loving smart-ass dropping “purple monkey dishwasher” into the chain.

2013 October 27, Erik Adams, “TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “The PTA Disbands””, in The Onion AV Club:

(Canada, US, uncountable) The game of Chinese whispers.

In other words, Jones' career and life may have been derailed because a game of telephone went bad.

2017 October 3, David Dobbs, “The Touch of Madness”, in Pacific Standard:

(Canada, US, uncountable, figuratively) Chinese whispers; a situation in which an initial message has been distorted and misunderstood by being passed from person to person.


buck

From Middle English bukke, bucke, buc, from Old English buc, bucc, bucca (“he-goat, stag”), from Proto-West Germanic *bukk, *bukkō, from Proto-Germanic *bukkaz, *bukkô (“buck”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuǵ- (“ram”). Doublet of puck (billy goat).
Currency-related senses hail from American English, a clipping of buckskin as a unit of trade among Indians and Europeans in frontier days (attested from 1748).
The idea of rigidly standing implements is instilled by Dutch bok (“sawhorse”) as in zaagbok (“sawbuck”).
The sense of an object indicating someone’s turn then occurred in American English, possibly originating from the game poker, where a knife (typically with a hilt made from a stag horn) was used as a place-marker to signify whose turn it was to deal. The place-marker was commonly referred to as a buck, which reinforced the term “pass the buck” used in poker, and eventually a silver dollar was used in place of a knife, which also led to a dollar being referred to as a buck.

Can I borrow five bucks?

Won't yer give Jake ten bucks ter buy hisself some close, so he look nice 'mong de gemmens?

1873, John Morris, Wanderings of a Vagabond:

(US, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, informal) A dollar (one hundred cents).

A unit of a particular currency
A dollar (one hundred cents).


first-degree murder

first-degree murder (countable and uncountable, plural first-degree murders)

(law, chiefly US, Canada) The criminal offence of murder in a form considered by law to be the most serious; the precise distinction may vary by jurisdiction but typically involves premeditation, or the choice of victim or other circumstances being regarded as especially blameworthy.

moord

premeditated or especially serious murder

előre megfontolt szándékkal elkövetett emberölés

(law, chiefly US, Canada) An act that constitutes the crime of first-degree murder.


vacation

vacation (countable and uncountable, plural vacations)

From Middle English vacation, vacacion, vacacioun, from Anglo-Norman vacacioun, from Old French vacacion, vacation, from Latin vacātiō. Equivalent to vacate + -ion.

(Canada, US) A holiday; a stretch of leisure time away from work or duty and devoted to rest or pleasure.


beauty

From Middle English bewty, bewte, beaute, bealte, from Anglo-Norman and Old French beauté (early Old French spelling biauté), from Vulgar Latin *bellitātem (“beauty”), from Latin bellus (“beautiful, fair”); see beau. In this sense, mostly displaced native Old English fæġernes, whence Modern English fairness.

It's the long weekend. Beauty!


beauty

en-adj

beauty (comparative more beauty, superlative most beauty)

more beauty (comparative)
most beauty (superlative)

He made a beauty pass through the neutral zone.


cup

→ Farefare: kɔpɩ

→ Hebrew: קאפ (kap)

→ Japanese: カップ (kappu)

desc

→ Kashubian: kopsa (Canada, United States)

→ Korean: 컵 (keop)

→ Maori: kapu

Inherited from Middle English cuppe, coppe, from the merger of Old English cuppe (“cup”) and Old English copp (“cup, vessel”).
Old English cuppe is a borrowing from Late Latin cuppa, itself of obscure origin, but probably from earlier Latin cūpa (“tub, cask”), from Proto-Indo-European *kewp- (“a hollow”). Old English copp, however, is from Proto-West Germanic *kopp (“round object, bowl, vessel, knoll, summit, crown of the head”), from Proto-Germanic *kuppaz, from Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to bend, curve, arch”) (whence also obsolete English cop (“top, summit, crown of the head”), German Kopf (“top, head”)).
The Middle English word was further reinforced by Anglo-Norman cupe and Old French cope, coupe, from Latin cuppa. Compare also Saterland Frisian Kop (“cup”), West Frisian kop (“cup”), Dutch kop (“cup”), German Low German Koppke, Köppke (“cup”), Danish kop (“cup”), Swedish kopp (“cup”). Doublet of coupe, hive, and keeve.

unk

obscure

cog

that and a dollar will get you a cup of coffee

that and a nickel will buy you a cup of coffee

that and twenty-five cents will get you a cup of coffee

there's many a slip between the cup and the lip

there's many a slip twixt the cup and the lip

(Canada) A Canadian unit of measure equal to 8 imperial ounces (¹⁄₂₀ imperial gallon; 227.3 mL) or 250 mL.

Players of contact sports are advised to wear a cup.

Boys, I thought I told you to let the store tell you what cup size you needed.

2000 March 27, Bill Amend, FoxTrot (comic):

(US, Canada) A rigid concave protective covering for the male genitalia.


flashlight

→ Cebuano: plaslayt

find one's ass with both hands and a flashlight

At school he used to do Dr. Jekyll turning into Mr. Hyde, shining a flashlight into his face.

1997, Saul Bellow, The Actual, New York: Viking, page 32:

(Canada, US, Philippines) A battery-powered hand-held light source.


pee

en-noun

pee (countable and uncountable, plural pees)

The initial letter of piss. Compare eff.

With conventional fuel cells as their model, researchers learned to use similar chemical reactions to make a fuel from microbes in pee.[…]They got to use new, clean toilets lit by the power of their own pee.[…]Microorganisms that feed on nutrients in urine can be used in a microbial fuel cell that generates electricity – or "pee power," as the Sesame girls called it.

2024 February 17 (last accessed), Jenny Morber, “Scientists turn pee into power in Uganda”, in Upworthy Science:

He was dying for a pee.

(chiefly Canada, US, Australia) An act of urination.


jam

jam (countable and uncountable, plural jams)

→ Armenian: ջեմ (ǰem)

→ Azerbaijani: cem

→ Belarusian: джэм (džem)

→ Bengali: জ্যাম (jêm)

→ Bulgarian: джем (džem)

→ Cantonese: 占 (zim1, zem1)

→ Czech: džem

→ Dutch: jam

→ Estonian: džemm

→ Finnish: jamit

→ French: jam

→ Georgian: ჯემი (ǯemi)

→ Hindi: जाम (jām)

→ Japanese: ジャム (jamu)

→ Kazakh: джем (djem)

→ Korean: 잼 (jaem)

→ Kyrgyz: джем (djem)

→ Macedonian: џем (džem)

→ Malay: jem

→ Polish: dżem

→ Romanian: gem

→ Russian: джем (džem)

→ Saanich: ĆÁM

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: džȅm

Cyrillic script: џе̏м

→ Sinhalese: ජෑම් (jǣm)

→ Slovak: džem

→ Swahili: jemu

→ Swedish: jam

→ Tajik: джем (džem)

→ Thai: แยม (yɛɛm)

→ Ukrainian: джем (džem)

→ Urdu: جام (jām)

→ Welsh: jam

First attested in the early 18th c. as a verb meaning “to press, be pressed, be wedged in”. Compare dialectal jammock (“to press, squeeze, crush into a soft mass, chew food"; also "a soft, pulpy substance”). Perhaps from Middle English chammen, champen ("to bite upon something, gnash the teeth"; whence modern champ, chomp), of uncertain origin; probably originally onomatopoeic.
The "performance" sense is first attested with regards to jazz in 1929, and its origin, though uncertain, is likely metaphorical, "something sweet made by the combination of many things", with influence from jamboree.

onomatopoeic

onomatopoeic

(less common in the US and Canada) A sweet mixture of fruit boiled with sugar and allowed to congeal. Often spread on bread or toast or used in jam tarts.

konfyt

I don't think he has the jam.

(Canada, slang) balls, bollocks, courage, machismo


jam

en-verb

jam (third-person singular simple present jams, present participle jamming, simple past and past participle jammed)

jams (present singular third-person)
jamming (participle present)
jammed (participle past)
jammed (past)

onomatopoeic

onomatopoeic

(Canada, informal) To give up on a date or some other joint endeavour; to stand up, chicken out, jam out.


jelly

en-noun

jelly (countable and uncountable, plural jellies)

→ Chickasaw: cheliꞌ, jellꞌ

→ Welsh: jeli, sieli

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *gel-
Latin gelū
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti
Proto-Italic *-āō
Latin -ō
Latin gelō
Proto-Italic *-ātos
Latin -ātus
Latin -āta
Early Medieval Latin gelātabor.
Old French geleebor.
Middle English gele
English jelly
From Middle English gele, borrowed from Old French gelee, borrowed from Early Medieval Latin gelāta, from Latin gelō + -āta. Doublet of gelee.

etymon

Perfect jelly is of appetizing flavor; beautifully colored and translucent; tender enough to cut easily with a spoon, yet firm enough to hold its shape when turned from the glass.

1945, Fannie Merritt Farmer and Wilma Lord Perkins (revisor), The Boston Cooking-School Cook Book, Eighth edition

Jelly has great clarity. Two cooking processes are involved. First, the juice alone is extracted from the fruit. Only that portion thin and clear enough to drip through a cloth is cooked with sugar until sufficiently firm to hold its shape. It is never stiff and never gummy.

1975, Irma S. Rombauer and Marion Rombauer Becker, The Joy of Cooking, 5th revision

(chiefly Canada, US) A clear or translucent fruit preserve, made from fruit juice and set using either naturally occurring, or added, pectin.


zit

Uncertain origin, first attested as 1960s North American English slang. Compare English chit (“pimple, wart”), German Zitze (“teat, nipple”).

I can't help thinking how little good all that working out did him. I think the only thing he ever got out of it was more zits.

1968, J. Lawrence Hagen, “Pinball 1959”, in Generation, volumes 20-21, page 182:

Brad: Sara, did you take my Clearasil again? Sara: I ran out of brown (paint). Brad: Great. How am I supposed to cover up my zits?

1987 Adventures in Babysitting, 00:06:35


acquire

en-verb

acquire (third-person singular simple present acquires, present participle acquiring, simple past and past participle acquired)

acquires (present singular third-person)
acquiring (participle present)
acquired (participle past)
acquired (past)
acquire (infinitive)

From Middle English acqueren, from Old French aquerre, from Latin acquirō; ad- + quaerō (“to seek for”). See quest.

(Canada, US, military) To begin tracking a mobile target with a particular detector or sight, generally with the implication that an attack on the target thereby becomes possible.


cotton candy

en-noun

cotton candy (usually uncountable, plural cotton candies)

cotton candies (plural)
cotton-candy (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-cotton candy.wav

From cotton + candy; from being a candy appearing like a mass of cotton balls or cotton batting.

(US, Canada) Melted sugar spun into thin threads and collected into a mass, usually on a stick.


adder

From Middle English nadder, addere, rebracketing of “a naddere” as “an addere”, from Old English nǣdre (“snake”), from Proto-West Germanic *nadrā, from Proto-Germanic *nadrǭ, from pre-Germanic *néh₁treh₂, variant of Proto-Indo-European *n̥h₁trih₂, from *(s)neh₁- (“to spin, twist”).
See also West Frisian njirre, Dutch adder, German Natter, Otter; also Welsh neidr, Latin natrīx (“watersnake”), Dutch naaien.

Lampropeltis triangulum
Lampropeltis triangulum#Translingual

A name loosely applied to various snakes more or less resembling the viper.

(US, Canada) Any of several small nonvenomous snakes resembling adders

Heterodon spp. (hog-nosed snakes), a genus of harmless colubrid snakes found in North America


admiral

admirals (plural)
Admiral (alternative)
Adm. (alternative)
Adm (alternative)
adml. (alternative)
ADM (alternative)
admyralle (alternative)
amyrall (alternative)
admarall (alternative)
admerell (alternative)
admerolle (alternative)
admirell (alternative)
admyrell (alternative)
amerall (alternative)
ammyrall (alternative)
amral (alternative)
amrell (alternative)
amrelle (alternative)
admirail (alternative)
admiralle (alternative)
admyral (alternative)
admyrall (alternative)
amiral (alternative)
amirall (alternative)
ammiral (alternative)
admeral (alternative)
admerall (alternative)
ammirall (alternative)
admirant (alternative)
amrall (alternative)
ammirant (alternative)
admirall (alternative)
admirante (alternative)
admirel (alternative)

→ Cebuano: admiral

desctree

→ German: Admiral
→ Czech: admirál
Hungarian: admirális
→ Polish: admirał
→ Slovene: admirȃl
→ Ukrainian: адміра́л (admirál)

Swahili: admirali

→ Tagalog: ádmirál

Amir_al-umara#In_Norman_Sicily
Chester Nimitz
Eighth Crusade
Florent de Varennes
George of Antioch
Gervase Alard
Horatio Nelson
Louis IX
Nelson's Column
Norman Sicily
admiral
admiral of France

From Middle English admiral etc., from Anglo-Norman and Old French admiral etc., from Medieval Latin admiralis, admirallus, and admiralius, from irregular modification of amiralis etc. under the influence of the prefix ad- and particularly admiror (“to admire, respect”), from Arabic أَمِير (ʔamīr, “commander”) + -alis (“-al”). The ending is frequently but mistakenly folk etymologized to derive from the article ال (al-), particularly in Arabic أَمِير اَلبَحْر (ʔamīr al-baḥr, “commander of the sea”), first attested as a Fatimid office, or in Arabic أَمِير الْمُؤْمِنِين (ʔamīr al-muʔminīn, “Commander of the Believers, caliph”). It seems instead to have been borrowed from modification of only the first term in Arabic أَمِير الْأُمَرَاء (ʔamīr al-ʔumarāʔ, “emir of emirs, commander-in-chief”) as used as a title for important commanders in Norman Sicily in the mid-12th century. First attested as an English rank in reference to Gervase Alard of Winchelsea as "admiral of the fleet of the Cinque Ports". Doublet of emir, amir, Amir, and amira.
Etymology tree
Medieval Latin admiralisder.
Anglo-Norman admiralbor.
Middle English admiral
English admiral

cog

أَمِير اَلبَحْر

أَمِير الْمُؤْمِنِين

der

أَمِير الْأُمَرَاء

etymon

The commander of a fishing or merchant fleet, particularly (historical, Canada) a captain granted special privileges in exchange for bringing the first ship of a given fishing season to certain harbors in Newfoundland.


pepper

en-noun

pepper (countable and uncountable, plural peppers)

Tok Pisin: pepa

→ Hawaiian: pepa

→ Marshallese: pepa

From Middle English peper, piper, from Old English piper, from Proto-West Germanic *pipar, from Latin piper, from an Indo-Aryan source; compare Sanskrit पिप्पलि (pippali, “long pepper”). The name was given to the capsicum fruit because of its unusual spicy taste, not unlike the Old World spice. Cognate with Scots pepar, Saterland Frisian Pieper, West Frisian piper, Dutch peper, German Low German Peper, German Pfeffer, Danish peber, Swedish peppar, Icelandic pipar. Doublet of falafel and peepul.

cog

(UK, US, Ireland and Canada) A fruit of the capsicum plant: red, green, yellow or white, hollow and containing seeds, and in very spicy and mild varieties.


grunt

From Middle English grunten, from Old English grunnettan (“to grunt”), from Proto-West Germanic *grunnattjan, from Proto-Germanic *grunnatjaną (“to grunt”), frequentative of Proto-Germanic *grunnōną (“to grunt”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrun- (“to shout”).
Cognate with German grunzen (“to grunt”), Danish grynte (“to grunt”). The noun senses are all instances of zero derivation from the verb.

der

(Canada, US) A dessert of steamed berries and dough, usually blueberries; blueberry grunt.


overalls

/ˈoʊvəɹɔːlz/

That concertina was a wonder in its way. The handles that was on it first was wore out long ago, and he'd made new ones of braided rope yarn. And the bellows was patched in more places than a cranberry picker's overalls.

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter VIII, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

(US, Canada, Australia) Loose-fitting pants with supporting cross-straps and a panel of material in the chest (called a bib), often associated with farm work.


chip

→ Catalan: xip

→ Greek: τσιπ (tsip)

→ Italian: chip

→ Korean: 칩 (chip)

desc

→ Hebrew: צִ׳יפְּס, צִ׳יפּ

→ Hebrew: צִ׳יפְּס, צִ׳יפּ (chips, chip)

→ Hungarian: csip, csipsz

→ Turkish: cips, çip

→ Yiddish: טשיפּל (tshipl)

→ Welsh: tsip

Noun from Middle English chip, chippe, from Old English ċipp (“chip; small piece of wood, shaving”), from Old English *ċippian (“to cut; hew”) – attested in Old English forċippian (“to cut off”) –, from Proto-West Germanic *kippōn (“to cut; carve; hack; chop”), from Proto-Germanic *kippōną (“to chip, chop”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵeyb- (“to split; divide; germinate; sprout”). Related to Dutch kip, keep (“notch; nick; score”), Dutch kippen (“to hatch”), German Low German kippen (“to cut; clip; trim; shorten”), German kipfen (“to chop off the tip; snip”), Old Swedish kippa (“to chop”). Compare also chop.
The formally similar Old English ċipp, ċypp, ċyp (“a beam; log; stock; post”), from Proto-Germanic *kippaz (“log; beam”) (whence Old Saxon kip (“post”), Old High German kipfa, chipfa (“axle, stave”), Old Norse keppr (“cudgel, club”)) is a different, unrelated word either borrowed from Latin cippus (“stake; pale; post”) or borrowed from the same source language as the Latin.
Verb from Middle English chippen, from Old English *ċippian (“to cut; hew”) – attested in Old English forċippian (“to cut off”) – see above.

cog

I always say the best way to judge an establishment is by its chips because if you can’t master that, what can you do?

2023 July 21, Billie Schwab Dunn, “I Tried Wetherspoons Food for the First Time-I Feared I'd Get Scurvy...”, in Daily Star:

Do you want ketchup, mustard, or mayonnaise on your chips?

Fish and chips is a traditional British dish.

(UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, archaic in Canada, usually in the plural) A deep-fried strip of potato; see also usage note at french fries.

They made their own potato chips from scratch... He ate a tortilla chip with guac... served with a side of apple chips...

(US, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, especially in the plural) A thin, crisp, fried slice of potato, a crisp; occasionally a similar fried slice of another vegetable or dried fruit.

skyfie

thin, crisp, fried piece of potato or vegetable


alternately

[ɔːlˈtɜɹnətlɪ]

Downstairs, he was informed. That is, down the escalators, where there is both a women’s room (often with a line) and a men’s room (almost never with a line). Or alternately, he could ask the station master to buzz him into the “family” bathroom. He opted to go downstairs.

2008 July 18, Jennifer 8. Lee, “A ‘Women Only’ Restroom Renovation Tips the Balance at Grand Central”, in The New York Times:

Westerners have never quite understood the reverence in Japan for fugu, alternately known in English as puffer fish, globefish or blowfish, of the family Tetraodontidae.

2020 December 4, Ligaya Mishan, “The Appealing and Potentially Lethal Delicacy That Is Fugu”, in The New York Times Style Magazine:

(chiefly Canada, US, sometimes proscribed) Alternatively.


rip

From Middle English rippen, from earlier ryppen (“to pluck”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *rupjaną, *ruppōną (compare West Frisian rippe, ripje, roppe, ropje (“to rip”), Dutch dialectal rippen, Low German ruppen, German Low German röpen, German rupfen), intensive of *raupijaną (compare Old English rīpan, rīepan (“to plunder”), West Frisian rippe (“to rip, tear”), German raufen (“to rip”)), causative of Proto-Indo-European *roub- ~ *reub- (compare Albanian rrabe ‘maquis’, possibly Latin rubus (“bramble”)), variant of *Hrewp- (“to break”). More at reave, rob.

Camp at Kakwa Wildland Park staging area to hit the trails at first light or take a short drive from the city and go for a rip at the Big Mountain area.

2015 September 29, Mason Buettner, “Grande Prairie Has It All When It Comes to Snowmobiling”, in SnoRidersWest.com, Cranbrook, British Columbia: KPI Media, retrieved 2022-01-29:

Halton Regional Police say the exotic sports car was clocked at 97 km/h in a posted 60 km/h zone in Oakville.

2020 July 17, Louie Rosella, “‘Go for a Rip’: Ferrari Driver Pulled Over After Hitting Nearly 100 km/h in Oakville Neighbourhood”, in InsideHalton.com, Metroland Media Group, retrieved 2022-01-29: