is

la-det

is (feminine ea, neuter id); demonstrative pronoun

ea (feminine)
id (neuter)
is (masculine nominative singular)
ea (feminine nominative singular)
id (neuter nominative singular)
iī (masculine nominative plural)
eī (masculine nominative plural)
ī (masculine nominative plural)
eae (feminine nominative plural)
ea (neuter nominative plural)
eius (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
ejus (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
eōrum (genitive masculine plural)
eum (genitive masculine plural)
eārum (feminine genitive plural)
eōrum (genitive neuter plural)
eum (genitive neuter plural)
eī (dative masculine singular)
e͡i (dative masculine singular)
ēī (dative masculine singular)
eī (dative feminine singular)
e͡i (dative feminine singular)
ēī (dative feminine singular)
eae (dative feminine singular)
eī (dative neuter singular)
e͡i (dative neuter singular)
ēī (dative neuter singular)
iīs (dative masculine plural)
eīs (dative masculine plural)
īs (dative masculine plural)
iīs (dative feminine plural)
eīs (dative feminine plural)
īs (dative feminine plural)
eābus (dative feminine plural)
iīs (dative neuter plural)
eīs (dative neuter plural)
īs (dative neuter plural)
eum (accusative masculine singular)
eam (accusative feminine singular)
id (accusative neuter singular)
eōs (accusative masculine plural)
eās (accusative feminine plural)
ea (accusative neuter plural)
eō (ablative masculine singular)
eā (ablative feminine singular)
eō (ablative neuter singular)
iīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
eīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
īs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)

From Proto-Italic *is, from Proto-Indo-European *éy. Cognate with Oscan 𐌉𐌆𐌉𐌊 (izik), Umbrian 𐌄𐌓𐌄 (ere), and further with Lithuanian jis, Proto-Slavic *jь.

† Turned conjunction with original meaning somewhat dissimulated° Rare‡only used as a conjunction

Substituting a clause.
Used in various prepositional phrases.


eo

* see: ego

dis m s / tv · qvicvm · q · pivs vel inbenig / nvs legens titvm · q · meo fles ae / tatim · q · mae qvae avte non̆ debvj / talem · q · lvcem nec tales svperos / linqvere qva rem · q · dicis ƒvi enim / hobes caro sponso cvivs · q · mo / res timida semprer · q · castitatem / vivs · q caritatem servavi qvia / etenim · is · a me merebatvr qvi · me / tam caste diligebat vixi ad · q · sim · / pliciter · in cvivs · o · pvdorem · / nemo nec iactare ne · q · apvt caro · / marito inodiari potvi · o · q · cvm / q · tv sancta ƒemina potveris / tam caste vivere scio enim pos / se te care diligi si meo·q·rito cas / titati vivas qvia ego post mevm·q· / obitvm mvltorvm annorvm / memoria marito reli sed ago / svperis gratias qvod dvm · q · eo · / viveri nil volvptatibvs meis / negavit qvia et ipsa mervera · / severa · avg · serv · a · pia vix · an · xx / iiii · m · vi · die · xi h s e · / fecit merenti conivx

epitaph by a grieving spouse, CIL VIII 13134 Carthage

... but I thank the Gods that, so long as I lived, he never denied...

Walther von Wartburg
w:Walther von Wartburg

alternative form of ego (attested in the 6th c. AD; see also the pagan inscription quoted below)


se

head

sē (accusative and ablative, no nominative)

sē (canonical)
suī (genitive)
sibi (dative)
sē (accusative)
sēsē (accusative)
sē (ablative)
sēsē (ablative)
sēsē (alternative)

Aromanian: se

Catalan: es, se

Dalmatian: se

Franco-Provençal: sè

French: se, soi

Galician: se

Italian: sé, si, -si

Ladin: se

Occitan: se

Portuguese: se

Romanian: se, sine

Sicilian: si

Spanish: se

From Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).

inh

Vōcālis est littera quae per sē syllabam facere potest.

A vowel is a letter that can form a syllable by itself.

Quīntus quōmodo sē habet hodiē?

In mare sē praecipitāvit.

reflexive pronoun
reflexive pronoun#English

(reflexive pronoun) the accusative of the third-person singular and plural reflexive pronoun: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves

(reflexive pronoun) the ablative of the third-person singular and plural reflexive pronoun


tu

head

tū (second person singular, possessive adjective tuus)

tū (canonical)
tuus (adjective possessive)
tū (nominative singular)
tuī (genitive singular)
tibī̆ (dative singular)
tē (accusative singular)
tētē (accusative singular)
tē (ablative singular)
tētē (ablative singular)
tū (singular vocative)

Aromanian: tu

Corsican: tù

Dalmatian: te

Franco-Provençal: te

Friulian: tu

Istro-Romanian: tú

Italian: tu

Judeo-Italian: טוּ (ṭu /tu/)

Ladin: tu

Megleno-Romanian: tu

Mozarabic: ت (tu)

Old Navarro-Aragonese: tu

Aragonese: tu

Neapolitan: tu

Old French: tu

Gallo: tu

Middle French:

French: tu

Norman: tu, tu (Guernésiais)

Picard: tu

Walloon: tu

Old Leonese:

Asturian: tu

Leonese: tu

Mirandese: tu

Old Occitan: tu

Occitan: tu

Old Catalan: tu

Catalan: tu

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: tu
Fala: tu
Galician: tu, ti
Portuguese: tu

Old Spanish: tu

Extremaduran: tú

Ladino: tu

Spanish: tú
Chavacano: tu

Romanian: tu

Romansch: tu, tü

Sardinian: tue

Sicilian: tu

Venetan: ti

From Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ or *tū.

Mē tuī pudet.

Medice, cura teipsum.(Lucas 4:23)


nihil

la-adecl

Indeclinable pronoun (used only in the nominative and accusative), singular only.

nihil (neuter nominative)
nihil (accusative neuter)
nīl (alternative syncope)
nichil (alternative Late-Latin)

→ Portuguese: nicles

From nihilum, from ne- (“not”) + hīlum (“the least bit”).

Nīl·ne in mentem·st?

Nihil est.

Nihil sub sōle novum.

Homo sum, humani nihil a me alienum puto.

163 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Heauton Timorumenos 1.77

I am a man, I consider nothing that is human alien to me.

Nihil agis, nihil moliris, nihil cogitas quod non ego non modo audiam sed etiam videam planeque sentiam.

63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations Oratio in Catilinam Prima in Senatu Habita.8

You do nothing, you plan nothing, you think of nothing which I not only do not hear, but which I do not see and know every particular of.


nemo

nēmō (canonical feminine masculine)
nēminis (genitive)
nēmō (nominative singular)
nūllī̆us (genitive singular)
nēminis (genitive singular)
nēminī (dative singular)
nēminem (accusative singular)
nūllō (ablative masculine singular)
nēmine (ablative masculine singular)
nūllā (ablative feminine singular)
nēmine (ablative feminine singular)

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: nemos

Balkano-Romance:

Megleno-Romanian: nimea, nimini

Romanian: nimeni, nime

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: nimmu

Italian: nimo (Tuscan)

Contraction of the Old Latin phrase ne hemō (“no man”) (Classical ne homō). Compare praeda for praehenda.

Quem nemo ferro potuit superare nec auro.

Whom none could overcome with iron or gold.

Amīcus omnibus, amīcus nemini.

Vicinam neminem amo magis quam te.

I love a neighbouring nobody more than you.

Nemo, nisi sapiens, liber est.

Nemo ante mortem beatus.

No one [can be called] happy before his death.

Nemo non formosus filius matri.

No one fails to be a beautiful son for his mother.

Absque sanitate nemo felix.

Nemo sine sapientia beatus est.

Nemo cum sarcinis enatat.

No one swims away with his bundles/belongings.

Nemo est supra leges.

Nemo ex amoris vulnere sanus abit.

No one walks away unscathed from the wound of love.

Horum te mori nemo coget, omnes docebunt; horum nemo annos tuos conteret, suos tibi contribuet; nullius ex his sermo periculosus erit, nullius amicitia capitalis, nullius sumptuosa obseruatio.

c. 4 BCE – 65 CE, Seneca the Younger, De brevitate vitae 15

No one of these will force you to die, but all will teach you how to die; no one of these will wear out your years, but each will add his own years to yours; conversations with no one of these will bring you peril, the friendship of none will endanger your life, the courting of none will tax your purse.

nēminem captivabimus nisi iure victum

We shall not arrest anyone without a court verdict


vos

vōs (canonical)
vōs (nominative plural)
vestrī (genitive plural)
vestrum (genitive plural)
vōbīs (dative plural)
vōs (accusative plural)
vōbīs (ablative plural)
vōs (plural vocative)

Aromanian: voi, voauã

Catalan: vós, vosaltres

Dalmatian: vu, voi

Franco-Provençal: vos

Friulian: vô, voaltris

Italian: voi, voialtri

desc

Judeo-Italian: ווּאִי (wuʔi /vui/) (Rome)

Mirandese: bós

Neapolitan: vuje

Occitan: vos, vosautres

desctree

Old French: vos
Middle French: vous
French: vous
Walloon: vos

Old Leonese: vos

Asturian: vós, vosotros

Leonese: vós, vosoutros

Mirandese: bós

Old Galician-Portuguese: vos

Galician: vós, vosoutros

Portuguese: vós

Romanian: voi, vouă

Romansch: vus

Sardinian: bosatrus

Sicilian: vui, vuàutri

Spanish: vos, vosotros, os

From Proto-Italic *wōs, from the oblique case forms of Proto-Indo-European *yúHs.

“Vōs et Scyllaeam rabiem penitusque sonantīs
accēstis scopulōs, vōs et Cyclōpēa saxa

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.200–202

“You neared mad Scylla and heard the howls within her cliffs, and you experienced the rocks of the Cyclops.”
(Note: “accestis” is a syncopated form of “accessistis.” The “vos et … vos et” repetition exemplifies anaphora.)

you, ye, you all; nominative/accusative/vocative plural of tū


hic

la-pronoun

hic (feminine haec, neuter hoc); first/second-declension pronoun (hic-type)

haec (feminine)
hoc (neuter)
hic (masculine nominative singular)
haec (feminine nominative singular)
hoc (neuter nominative singular)
hī (masculine nominative plural)
hae (feminine nominative plural)
haec (neuter nominative plural)
huius (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
hōrum (genitive masculine plural)
hārum (feminine genitive plural)
hōrum (genitive neuter plural)
huic (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
hīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
hunc (accusative masculine singular)
hanc (accusative feminine singular)
hoc (accusative neuter singular)
hōs (accusative masculine plural)
hās (accusative feminine plural)
haec (accusative neuter plural)
hōc (ablative masculine singular)
hāc (ablative feminine singular)
hōc (ablative neuter singular)
hīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
īc (alternative common misspelling)

Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme

From older hec, from Proto-Italic *hoke, from *ho (from Proto-Indo-European *gʰo (“indeed”, emphatic clitic)) + *ke (from *ḱe (“here”, deictic particle)). Reconstructed forms with o are made likely by the Old Latin form hoi (“this”).
The feminine and neuter inflected forms were created in analogy to quī, quae, quod. In the Italic languages only Faliscan has a clear cognate inflected pronoun: hac (acc./abl. sg. f.). A petrified form may be present in the Umbrian word for "the same": eru-hu (abl. sg. m.), era-hunt ~ era-font (abl. sg. f.)
In Indo-European the first element is cognate with Sanskrit घ (gha) ~ ह (ha, intensifier), हि (hi, “surely, for”), Czech že (“that”, conjunction), Russian же (že, intensifying particle). The second element is cognate with Latin cis (“on this side”), ce-dō, Ancient Greek ἐ-κε-ῖνος (e-ke-înos, “that”), Old Irish cē (“here”), Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰 (himma, “to this”). More at he, here.

cog

Mitte hunc meā grātiā.

… Miserae hoc tamen ūnum / exsequere, Anna, mihī. ….

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.420–421

[Dido speaks:] “Nevertheless, carry out this one [request], Anna, for [your] unfortunate [sister].”

Hōrum tē morī nēmō cōget, omnēs docēbunt; hōrum nēmō annōs tuōs conteret, suōs tibi contribuet; nūllīus ex hīs sermō perīculōsus erit, nūllīus amīcitia capitālis, nūllīus sūmptuōsa observātiō.

No one of these will force you to die, but all will teach you how to die; no one of these will wear out your years, but each will add his own years to yours; nothing from these conversations will bring you peril, the friendship of none will endanger your life, the courting of none will tax your purse.

hīs dea plācanda est

With these [supplications] must the goddess be appeased

this one; this (thing); these ones (in the plural); these (things); he, she, it


ego

head

egō̆ (first person, nominative, plural nōs)

egō̆ (canonical)
nōs (plural)
egō̆ (nominative singular)
meī (genitive singular)
mihī̆ (dative singular)
mē (accusative singular)
mēmē (accusative singular)
mē (ablative singular)
mēmē (ablative singular)
egō̆ (singular vocative)
eco (alternative archaic)
eo (alternative)

Sardinian: dego, deo, deu, ego, eo, eu

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: iou

Istro-Romanian: io

Megleno-Romanian: io

Romanian: eu, io

Dalmatian:

yu

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: eiu

Old Italian: eo

Italian: io
→ Interlingua: io

Judeo-Italian: אִייוֹ (ʔiyo /ijo/)

Gallurese: e

Neapolitan: io

Sassarese: éiu

desc

Sicilian: ju, jo, eu, jeu, ia, iu, jù, jèu, jò, ìa, ìu

Padanian:

Friulian: jo

Romansch: jau

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: jo

Franco-Provençal: je

Old French: je (see there for further descendants)

Gascon: jo

desctree

Old Occitan: eu, ieu, ie (before an enclitic)
Occitan: ieu

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: yo

Old Leonese: [Term?]

Asturian: yo

Extremaduran: yo

Leonese: you

Mirandese: you

Old Galician-Portuguese: eu (see there for further descendants)

Galician: eu

Portuguese: eu

Old Spanish: yo (see there for further descendants)

→ Catalan: ego

→ Dutch: ego

→ English: ego

→ French: ego

→ Galician: ego

→ German: Ego

→ Italian: ego

→ Portuguese: ego

→ Spanish: ego

From Proto-Italic *egō, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Compare Ancient Greek ἐγώ (egṓ).

4th century, St Jerome, Vulgate, Tobit 3:19

And either I was unworthy of them, or they perhaps were not worthy of me: because perhaps thou hast kept me for another man

et aut ego indigna fui illis aut illi mihi forsitan digni non fuerunt quia forsitan viro alio conservasti me

I; first person singular personal pronoun, nominative case


quis

la-pronoun

quis or quī (feminine quae or qua or quis, neuter quid); relative/interrogative pronoun (with m optionally → n in compounds)

quis (canonical)
quī (canonical)
relative (canonical)
interrogative pronoun (canonical)
quae (feminine)
qua (feminine)
quis (feminine)
quid (neuter)
quis (masculine nominative singular)
quī (masculine nominative singular)
quae (feminine nominative singular)
qua (feminine nominative singular)
quis (feminine nominative singular)
quid (neuter nominative singular)
quī (masculine nominative plural)
quae (feminine nominative plural)
quae (neuter nominative plural)
qua (neuter nominative plural)
cuius (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
quōrum (genitive masculine plural)
quārum (feminine genitive plural)
quōrum (genitive neuter plural)
cui (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
quibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quem (accusative masculine singular)
quam (accusative feminine singular)
quem (accusative feminine singular)
quid (accusative neuter singular)
quōs (accusative masculine plural)
quās (accusative feminine plural)
quae (accusative neuter plural)
qua (accusative neuter plural)
quō (ablative masculine singular)
quī (ablative masculine singular)
quā (ablative feminine singular)
quī (ablative feminine singular)
quō (ablative neuter singular)
quī (ablative neuter singular)
quibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)

la-adecl

Interrogative and indefinite pronoun.

From Proto-Italic *kʷis, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷís. See there for cognates.

Quis custōdiet ipsōs custōdēs?

Nuntium misit. Quem aut ad quem?

106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Pro S. Roscio Amerino 76.10

1903 translation by C. D. Yonge
He sent a messenger—whom? or to whom?

(in the masculine singular, not agreeing with any other word) who

Quid accidit?

Quid est enim exsul?

106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, De Domo Sua 72.3

Quid est pietas nisi voluntas grata in parentes?

1923 translation by N. H. Watts
What is filial affection, if not a benevolent gratitude to one’s parents?

(in the neuter singular, not agreeing with any other word) what

Pro deum hominumque fidem! Quid hoc est? Quae haec causa est? Quae ista impudentia?

For heaven's sake! What is this? What is the cause? What is this impudence of yours?

Quis est iste ordo?

44 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Philippicae 6.14

2010 translation by D. R. Shackleton Bailey
What category is this?

Quis est enim iste amor amicitiae?

c. 45 BCE, Cicero, Tusculan Disputations 4.70.6

Quis hic locus, quae regio, quae mundi plaga?

c. 4 BCE – 65 CE, Seneca the Younger, Hercules Furens 1138

What (is) this place? What area? What region of the world?

(agreeing in gender with a noun in a copular sentence) what

Quis es?

Who are you? (with the default emphasis on you)

Quis es tū?

Who are you? (with the marked emphasis on are)

Quī sumus?

(as predicate agreeing in gender and number with subject) who

Quid stās, lapis? Quīn accipis?

163 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Heauton Timorumenos 831

Why are you standing there, stupid? Take it!

(interrogative pronoun)
(in the neuter quid) why, what for


quis

la-adj

quis or quī (feminine quae, neuter quod); relative/interrogative pronoun

quis (canonical)
quī (canonical)
relative (canonical)
interrogative pronoun (canonical)
quae (feminine)
quod (neuter)

Nunc locus arvorum ingeniis, quae robora cuique,

Now give we place to the genius of soils, the strength of each, its hue, its native power for bearing.

quis color et quae sit rebus natura ferendis.

Tunc signo inter se dato inrumpunt contubernia, trucidant ignaros, nullo nisi consciis noscente quod caedis initium, quis finis.

Then, passing the signal to one another, they broke into the tents and struck down their unsuspecting victims; while no one, apart from those in the secret, knew how the massacre had begun or where it was to end.

(alternative nominative singular form of adjectival interrogative pronoun quī) which


qui

la-det

quī or quis (feminine quae or qua, neuter quod); relative/interrogative determiner

quī (canonical)
quis (canonical)
relative (canonical)
interrogative determiner (canonical)
quae (feminine)
qua (feminine)
quod (neuter)
quī (masculine nominative singular)
quis (masculine nominative singular)
quae (feminine nominative singular)
qua (feminine nominative singular)
quod (neuter nominative singular)
quī (masculine nominative plural)
quae (feminine nominative plural)
quae (neuter nominative plural)
qua (neuter nominative plural)
cuius (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
quōrum (genitive masculine plural)
quārum (feminine genitive plural)
quōrum (genitive neuter plural)
cui (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
quibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quem (accusative masculine singular)
quam (accusative feminine singular)
quod (accusative neuter singular)
quōs (accusative masculine plural)
quās (accusative feminine plural)
quae (accusative neuter plural)
qua (accusative neuter plural)
quō (ablative masculine singular)
quā (ablative feminine singular)
quō (ablative neuter singular)
quibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quei (alternative)
quoi (alternative Old-Latin)
qoi (alternative Old-Latin)

Balkano-Romance:

Aromanian: tsini, cui

Romanian: cine, cui

Italo-Romance:

Italian: chi

Sicilian: cui, cu' (apocoped)

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: qui

French: qui, que

Picard: qui

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: qui

Old Galician-Portuguese: quen

Galician: quen

Portuguese: quem

Old Spanish: qui, quien

Spanish: quien

Borrowings:

→ Interlingua: qui

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *kʷ-
Proto-Indo-European *kʷos
Proto-Italic *kʷoi
Latin quei
Latin qui
From earlier quei, from Proto-Italic *kʷoi, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷís, *kʷos.

etymon

Sī quae peregrīna nāvis in portum advenit, rogitant cuiātis sit

If any foreign ship comes into the port, they ask where it comes from

Ariovistum … obsidēs nōbilissimī cuiusque līberōs poscere, et in eōs omnia exempla cruciatūsque ēdere, sī qua rēs nōn ad nūtum aut ad voluntātem eius facta sit.

c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.31

Ariovistus ... demanded the children of all the high nobles as hostages, and afflict them with every kind of cruelty, if anything wasn't done with his approval or for his pleasure.

ne quem post se hostem relinqueret

c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 7.11

lest he should leave any enemy behind him

Ut si qua ex parte

c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 7.28

[…] dum ne quem militem legeret ex eo numero quibus senatus missionem reditumque in patriam negasset ante belli finem.

27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 26.1

[…] provided he did not choose any soldier from those to whom the Senate had refused discharge and a return home before the end of the war

(indefinite, after si, nisi, num, ne) anyone, any


quidam

la-adj

quīdam (feminine quaedam, neuter quiddam); indefinite pronoun

quīdam (canonical)
quaedam (feminine)
quiddam (neuter)
quīdam (masculine nominative singular)
quaedam (feminine nominative singular)
quiddam (neuter nominative singular)
quīdam (masculine nominative plural)
quaedam (feminine neuter nominative plural)
cuiusdam (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
quōrundam (genitive masculine plural)
quōrumdam (genitive masculine plural)
quārundam (feminine genitive plural)
quārumdam (feminine genitive plural)
quōrundam (genitive neuter plural)
quōrumdam (genitive neuter plural)
cuidam (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
quibusdam (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quendam (accusative masculine singular)
quemdam (accusative masculine singular)
quandam (accusative feminine singular)
quamdam (accusative feminine singular)
quiddam (accusative neuter singular)
quōsdam (accusative masculine plural)
quāsdam (accusative feminine plural)
quaedam (accusative neuter plural)
quōdam (ablative masculine singular)
quādam (ablative feminine singular)
quōdam (ablative neuter singular)
quibusdam (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)

From quis + -dam (indefinite adverbial suffix). Compare quondam (“at one time”).

af

etenim omnes artes, quae ad humanitatem pertinent, habent quoddam commune vinculum et quasi cognatione quadam inter se continentur.

c. 62 BCE, Cicero, chapter 1, in Pro Archia Poeta, §2:

Indeed all the arts, which pertain to humanity, have some common link and by a certain almost-kindred are held together.

Persuādē tibi hoc sīc esse ut scrībō: quaedam tempora ēripiuntur nōbīs, quaedam subdūcuntur, quaedam effluunt.

c. 4 BCE – 65 CE, Seneca the Younger, Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium 1.1.1

Convince yourself that what I write is true: Certain moments are taken from us, some are stolen, still others vanish away.

a certain (person or thing), some (person or thing), one (in the sense of "a specific" person or thing not previously introduced in the present discourse)


ille

illa (feminine)
illud (neuter)
olle (alternative archaic)

desc

Aragonese: el, er, ell, ella, era, els, ers, ells, ellas, eras

Aromanian: el, ea, elj, eali, lui, ljei, lor, ãlj, li, lã, ãl, u

Asturian: él~elli, ella, ello, ellos, elles, ellas

Catalan: ell, ella, ells, elles, llur

Dalmatian: jal, jala, jali, jale, louro

Franco-Provençal: el, elli, il, elles, lui, lei, lor, li

Old French: il (M.SG/PL), ele, lei, li, lui, lor, eus

French: il, elle, ils, elles, lui, leur, eux, lei (dialectal, Burgundy, Normandy)

Louisiana French: alle

Norman: il (M.SG/PL), alle, lei, li, leux

Friulian: lui, jê, lôr

Istriot: el, gila, luri

Italian: egli, ella, lui, lei, loro, lo, la, li, le

Judeo-Italian: לוּ (lu)

Ladin: ëi, i

Megleno-Romanian: iel, ieľ

Neapolitan: lloro, llo/'o, lla, 'a, lle/'e

Galician: el, ela, eles, elas

Occitan: el, ela, eles, elas

Portuguese: ele, ela, eles, elas, o, a, os, as, lhe, lhes, lo, la, los, las, no, na, nos, nas

Romanian: el, ea, ei, ele, lui, ei, lor, îi, le, îl, o

Romansch: el, ella, els, ellas, lur

Sicilian: iḍḍu/iddu, iḍḍa/idda, iḍḍi/iddi

Spanish: él, ella, ello, ellos, ellas, lo, la, los, las, le, les

Venetan: eło/elo, eła, ełe, łorec, łori

From Old Latin olle (“he, that”) (also ollus, olla), from Proto-Italic *olnos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ol-no-s or *h₂l̥-no-s, from *h₂el- (“beyond, other”). Cognate with Latin ūls (“beyond”), alius (“other”), and alter (“the other”); Umbrian ulu (“to that place”), Old Church Slavonic лани (lani, “last year”, literally “in that (year)”).
Initial i- from o- has no parallel case and may be owing to contamination from is, iste and/or due to the palatalizing effect of l exilis.

cog

that one; that (thing); those ones (in the plural); those (things); he, she, it


iste

la-det

iste (feminine ista, neuter istud); demonstrative pronoun (pronominal)

ista (feminine)
istud (neuter)
iste (masculine nominative singular)
ista (feminine nominative singular)
istud (neuter nominative singular)
istī (masculine nominative plural)
istae (feminine nominative plural)
ista (neuter nominative plural)
istī̆us (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
istōrum (genitive masculine plural)
istārum (feminine genitive plural)
istōrum (genitive neuter plural)
istī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
istīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
istum (accusative masculine singular)
istam (accusative feminine singular)
istud (accusative neuter singular)
istōs (accusative masculine plural)
istās (accusative feminine plural)
ista (accusative neuter plural)
istō (ablative masculine singular)
istā (ablative feminine singular)
istō (ablative neuter singular)
istīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
iste (masculine singular vocative)
ista (feminine singular vocative)
istum (neuter singular vocative)
istī (masculine plural vocative)
istae (feminine plural vocative)
ista (neuter plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Romanian: ăst

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: istu

Italian: esto, 'sto ⇒ stesso

Neapolitan: stu ⇒ stesso

Sicilian: stu

Padanian:

Ligurian: sto

Lombard: sto

Piedmontese: st, ist, sto

Venetan: sto

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: est

desc

Franco-Provençal: sti (Forez), stu (Val Terbi), stú (Naisey) ⇒ stù sì, stù kyì (Naisey)

Old French: ist, es (early; last attested 11th c.)

Gascon: este

Old Occitan: est, esto, sto

Provençal: este, esto

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: esti

Leonese: esti

Mirandese: este

Mozarabic: שת (št)

Old Galician-Portuguese: [Term?]

Galician: este, iste

Portuguese: este

Spanish: este

Insular Romance

Sardinian: iste, istu

From Proto-Italic *esto, from Proto-Indo-European *só, with only the second part declining.
Cognate with Lepontic 𐌉𐌑𐌏𐌔 (iśos) and Albanian ashtu. See also tum, tam.

(pronoun) that one (near you); that (thing); those ones (in the plural); those (things); he, she, it


eco

In Old Latin spelling, C could represent either the voiceless velar plosive /k/ or its voiced counterpart /g/.

𐌄𐌂𐌏𐌖𐌓𐌍𐌀𐌕𐌉𐌕𐌀𐌖𐌄𐌍𐌃𐌉𐌀𐌔𐌌𐌀𐌌𐌀𐌓[𐌂𐌏𐌔𐌌]𐌄𐌃𐌖𐌇𐌄[𐌂𐌄𐌃]
ECOVRNATITAVENDIASMAMAR[COSM]EDVHE[CED]
ecō vrnā Titā Vendiās Mamar[cos m]ēd vhe[ced]
I am the urn of Tita Vendia. Mamar[cos made me].


quisque

la-pronoun

Indefinite substantival pronoun, singular only.

quisque (feminine quaeque, neuter quidque or quicque); indefinite substantival pronoun, singular only

Indefinite adjectival pronoun.

quisque (feminine quaeque, neuter quodque); indefinite adjectival pronoun

quisque (canonical)
indefinite substantival pronoun (canonical)
quaeque (feminine)
quidque (neuter)
quicque (neuter)
quaeque (feminine)
quodque (neuter)
quisque (masculine nominative singular)
quaeque (feminine nominative singular)
quidque (neuter nominative singular)
quicque (neuter nominative singular)
cuiusque (genitive singular)
cuique (dative singular)
quemque (accusative masculine singular)
quamque (accusative feminine singular)
quidque (accusative neuter singular)
quicque (accusative neuter singular)
quōque (ablative masculine singular)
quīque (ablative masculine singular)
quāque (ablative feminine singular)
quīque (ablative feminine singular)
quōque (ablative neuter singular)
quīque (ablative neuter singular)
quisque (masculine nominative singular)
quaeque (feminine nominative singular)
quodque (neuter nominative singular)
quīque (masculine nominative plural)
quaeque (feminine neuter nominative plural)
cuiusque (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
quōrumque (genitive masculine plural)
quārumque (feminine genitive plural)
quōrumque (genitive neuter plural)
cuique (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
quibusque (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quīsque (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quemque (accusative masculine singular)
quamque (accusative feminine singular)
quodque (accusative neuter singular)
quōsque (accusative masculine plural)
quāsque (accusative feminine plural)
quaeque (accusative neuter plural)
quōque (ablative masculine singular)
quāque (ablative feminine singular)
quōque (ablative neuter singular)
quibusque (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quīsque (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)

la-adecl

indefinite adjectival pronoun.

Old Sardinian: kis

→ Spanish: quisque

From quis + -que (“each”). Compare to quoque and quisquam, and a parallel development in Gothic 𐍈𐌰𐌶𐌿𐌷 (ƕazuh).

altissima quaeque flumina minimo sono labi

Quintus Curtius Rufus, Historiae Alexandri Magni VII, 4

Whichever rivers are deepest flow with the least sound.


quisquis

head

quisquis m or f (indefinite, neuter quidquid or quicquid)

quidquid (neuter)
quicquid (neuter)
quisquis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
quidquid (neuter nominative singular)
quicquid (neuter nominative singular)
quīquī (masculine nominative plural)
quaequae (feminine neuter nominative plural)
cuiuscuius (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
quōrumquōrum (genitive masculine plural)
quārumquārum (feminine genitive plural)
quōrumquōrum (genitive neuter plural)
cuicui (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
quibusquibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quīsquīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quemquem (accusative masculine singular)
quamquam (accusative feminine singular)
quidquid (accusative neuter singular)
quicquid (accusative neuter singular)
quōsquōs (accusative masculine plural)
quāsquās (accusative feminine plural)
quaequae (accusative neuter plural)
quōquō (ablative masculine singular)
quāquā (ablative feminine singular)
quōquō (ablative neuter singular)
quibusquibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quīsquīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quisquis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
quidquid (neuter singular vocative)
quicquid (neuter singular vocative)
quīquī (masculine plural vocative)
quaequae (feminine neuter plural vocative)

desc

→ English: quiscos, quiscus, quisqouse, quisquose, quisquous; quiscoskos; quis-quis, quisquis

Reduplication of quis. This reduplicated pronoun also appears in Sabellic, allowing a reconstruction of Proto-Italic *kʷiskʷis.


quidquid

quidquid (nominative singular)
quicquid (nominative singular)
quaequae (nominative plural)
cuiuscuius (genitive singular)
quōrumquōrum (genitive plural)
cuicui (dative singular)
quibusquibus (dative plural)
quīsquīs (dative plural)
quidquid (accusative singular)
quicquid (accusative singular)
quaequae (accusative plural)
quōquō (ablative singular)
quibusquibus (ablative plural)
quīsquīs (ablative plural)
quidquid (singular vocative)
quicquid (singular vocative)
quaequae (plural vocative)
quicquid (alternative)

Equo ne credite, Teucri! Quidquid id est, timeo Danaos et dona ferentes.

Do not trust the horse, Trojans! Whatever it is, I fear the Greeks even if they are bearing gifts.

whatever
quidquid id est, Whatever it is


quicquid

quidquid (nominative singular)
quicquid (nominative singular)
quaequae (nominative plural)
cuiuscuius (genitive singular)
quōrumquōrum (genitive plural)
cuicui (dative singular)
quibusquibus (dative plural)
quīsquīs (dative plural)
quidquid (accusative singular)
quicquid (accusative singular)
quaequae (accusative plural)
quōquō (ablative singular)
quibusquibus (ablative plural)
quīsquīs (ablative plural)
quidquid (singular vocative)
quicquid (singular vocative)
quaequae (plural vocative)

alternative spelling of quidquid; whatever


tute

Tute dicebas!

Tute tibi imperes.

Ut tute mihi praecepisti.

Tibi si recta probanti placebis, tum non modo tete viceris.

c. 45 BCE, Cicero, Tusculan Disputations 2.62

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

O Tite tute Tati, tibi tanta, tyranne tulisti!

O thou tyrant, Titus Tatius, such great troubles you brought upon yourself!


illui

Balkano-Romance:

Aromanian: lui

Romanian: lui, -lui

Italo-Romance:

Italian: lui

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: lui

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: lui

French: lui

Old Occitan: lui

From illī (same meaning but unspecified for gender) with the ending apparently taken from cui (“whom”).

c. iulius nigri lib. oriens víxit / annos xxxxv / iade contubernali suo dignissimo / quoi non licuit in suis manibus / ultimum illui spiritum ut / exciperet
Gaius Julius Nigri, a freedman by birth, lived forty-five years. Iade [has dedicated this epitaph] to his worthy companion [Gaius] who did not have the opportunity to draw his last breath in [Iade's] arms.
(The pronunciation of illui at this time may have been something like [elˈlui̯].)

Formulary of Marculf, I.17

...that the aforementioned villa was granted him, in all its entirety, by the aforementioned prince...

...antedicta villa illa cum omni sua integritate ab ipso principe illo memorato lui fuisse concessa...

him (dative singular masculine; apparently also genitive)


quei

From Proto-Italic *kʷoi, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷos, *kʷís.


quei

Latin: quī


aliquis

la-pronoun

aliquis or aliquī (feminine aliqua, neuter aliquid); indeclinable portion with a relative/interrogative pronoun

aliquis (canonical)
aliquī (canonical)
indeclinable portion with a relative (canonical)
interrogative pronoun (canonical)
aliqua (feminine)
aliquid (neuter)
aliquis (masculine nominative singular)
aliquī (masculine nominative singular)
aliqua (feminine nominative singular)
aliquid (neuter nominative singular)
aliquī (masculine nominative plural)
aliquae (feminine nominative plural)
aliqua (neuter nominative plural)
alicuius (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
aliquōrum (genitive masculine plural)
aliquārum (feminine genitive plural)
aliquōrum (genitive neuter plural)
alicui (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
aliquibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
aliquīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
aliquem (accusative masculine singular)
aliquam (accusative feminine singular)
aliquid (accusative neuter singular)
aliquōs (accusative masculine plural)
aliquās (accusative feminine plural)
aliqua (accusative neuter plural)
aliquō (ablative masculine singular)
aliquī (ablative masculine singular)
aliquā (ablative feminine singular)
aliquī (ablative feminine singular)
aliquō (ablative neuter singular)
aliquī (ablative neuter singular)
aliquibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
aliquīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)

Sardinian:

alikis (medieval)

q

Ibero-Romance: (via the accusative aliquem, with a stress shift)

Asturian: daquién

Galician: alguén

Portuguese: alguém

Spanish: alguien

Vulgar Latin:

*alicūnus (see there for further descendants)

ad calculōs aliquem vocō

to invite someone to do some calculation

petere aliquem hastā

… Anthea sī quem

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.181–182

if perhaps he could see anything of Antheus, storm-tossed by wind, and the double-banked Phrygian [galleys]
(See usage note below: Read “aliquem” for “quem” after “si.”)

iactātum ventō videat Phrygiāsque birēmīs …

aliquis tollēns ad sīdera voltum

(pronoun) someone, somebody, anyone, something, anything; sometimes to be followed by the word else


egomet

la-ndecl

Pronominal declension with <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">-met</i> suffix.

egomet (nominative singular)
meīmet (genitive singular)
mihimet (dative singular)
mēmet (accusative singular)
mēmet (ablative singular)
egomet (singular vocative)

From ego (“I”) + -met (“-self”, intensive suffix).

af

Quis tē verberāvit? —Egomet mēmet, quī nunc sum domī.

c. 190 BCE – 185 BCE, Plautus, Amphitryon 2.1.607

Who has beaten you? —I myself, who am now at home, beat myself.

Dōnec Sōsia illic egomet fēcit sibi utī crēderem.

c. 190 BCE – 185 BCE, Plautus, Amphitryon 2.1.598

Until that Sosia—my own self—made it so I would believe him.


semet

sēmet (canonical)
suīmet (genitive singular)
suīmet (genitive plural)
sibimet (dative singular)
sibimet (dative plural)
sēmet (accusative singular)
sēmet (accusative plural)
sēmet (ablative singular)
sēmet (ablative plural)

ne ignorando regem semet ipse aperiret quis esset

lest his ignorance of the king would reveal who he was


meamet

Short for mea meaning "mine" or mea ipsius or "my self" + -met meaning "self" or "own".

Meamet culpa.


temet

tūtemet (nominative singular)
tuīmet (genitive singular)
tibimet (dative singular)
temet (accusative singular)
temet (ablative singular)
tūtemet (singular vocative)


ecquis

la-adj

ecquis or ecquī (feminine ecquae, neuter ecquod); indeclinable portion with a relative/interrogative pronoun

ecquis (canonical)
ecquī (canonical)
indeclinable portion with a relative (canonical)
interrogative pronoun (canonical)
ecquae (feminine)
ecquod (neuter)

Ecquo de homine?

Investigent ecqua virgo sit, an mulier.

Let them look whether there is any maiden or woman.

Plautus, Amphitruo, actus II. In: Plautus with an English translation by Paul Nixon, vol. I of five volumes, 1916, p. 90f.:
Nunc quidem praeter nos nemo est. dic mihi verum serio:
ecquis alius Sosia intust, qui mei similis siet?
(to Alcmena, confidentially) Now then, ma'am, no one's here besides us. (elaborately makes sure of it) Do be serious and tell me the truth—is there another Sosia inside who's just like me?

Plautus, Mostellaria, actus II. In: Plautus with an English translation by Paul Nixon, vol. III of five volumes, 1924, p. 324f.:
ecquis homo est, qui facere argenti cupiat aliquantum lucri,
qui hodie sese excruciari meam vicem possit pati ?
Anyone anxious to make a bit of easy money by taking my place at an execution ?

Titus Livius, ab urbe condita libri, liber XXIII. In: Livy with an English translation; translated by Frank Gardner Moore, volume VI of thirteen volumes containing books XXIII—XXV, 1940, p. 38–41:
Et ne omnia ipse mirer—mihi quoque enim, quoniam respondi Himilconi, interrogare ius fasque est—velim seu Himilco seu Mago respondeat, cum ad internecionem Romani imperii pugnatum ad Cannas sit constetque in defectione totam Italiam esse, primum, ecquis Latini nominis populus defecerit ad nos, deinde, ecquis homo ex quinque et triginta tribubus ad Hannibalem transfugerit?
And, not to have all the amazement to myself—for it is right and proper for me too, having answered Himilco, to turn questioner,—I should like either Himilco or Mago to answer, in the first place, whether any state among the Latins has revolted to us, although the battle of Cannae meant the utter destruction of the Roman power, and it is known that all Italy is in revolt; in the second place, whether any man out of the thirty-five tribes has deserted to Hannibal.

Publius Vergilius Maro, Ecologae, ecologa X. In: Virgil with an English translation by H. Rushton Fairclough, vol. I of two volumes, 1916, p. 72f.:
"ecquis erit modus?" inquit.
"Will there be no end?" he cried.

(alternative nominative singular form of adjective ecquī) is there any?


sapsa

Contracted from sua (“his, her, its”) + ipsa (“own”).


equis

From Proto-Italic [Term?], from pre-Italic *h₁é-kʷís, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷís, *kʷos. See there for cognates.

(substantive interrogative pronoun) who, what


uterque

la-pronoun

uterque (feminine utraque, neuter utrumque or utrunque); first/second-declension pronoun (nominative masculine singular in -er, pronominal; without or with m optionally → n in compounds)

utraque (feminine)
utrumque (neuter)
utrunque (neuter)
in -er (masculine nominative singular)
uterque (masculine nominative singular)
utraque (feminine nominative singular)
utrumque (neuter nominative singular)
utrunque (neuter nominative singular)
utrīque (masculine nominative plural)
utraeque (feminine nominative plural)
utraque (neuter nominative plural)
utrī̆usque (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
utrōrumque (genitive masculine plural)
utrōrunque (genitive masculine plural)
utrārumque (feminine genitive plural)
utrārunque (feminine genitive plural)
utrōrumque (genitive neuter plural)
utrōrunque (genitive neuter plural)
utrīque (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
utrīsque (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
utrumque (accusative masculine singular)
utrunque (accusative masculine singular)
utramque (accusative feminine singular)
utranque (accusative feminine singular)
utrumque (accusative neuter singular)
utrunque (accusative neuter singular)
utrōsque (accusative masculine plural)
utrāsque (accusative feminine plural)
utraque (accusative neuter plural)
utrōque (ablative masculine singular)
utrāque (ablative feminine singular)
utrōque (ablative neuter singular)
utrīsque (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
uterque (masculine singular vocative)
utraque (feminine singular vocative)
utrumque (neuter singular vocative)
utrunque (neuter singular vocative)
utrīque (masculine plural vocative)
utraeque (feminine plural vocative)
utraque (neuter plural vocative)

From uter + -que. Compare Gothic 𐍈𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌿𐌷 (ƕaþaruh), which may be inherited from the same source.

Sit utrīsque Venus Pompeiāna propitia et semper concordēs vīvant.

May Pompeian Venus be propitious in her heart to them both and may they always live harmoniously.

Ita est utraque res sine altera debilis.

c. 45 BCE, Cicero, Tusculan Disputations 2.4

Sed credo te ... binas meas de omnibus rebus accepisse, ... utrasque tuis pueris datas.

106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Ad Atticum 6.1.9

But I believe you ... received my two letters concerning all these things, ... both given to your children.

Nonnulli etiam Helicen et Cynosuram nymphas esse Iouis nutrices dicunt, et hac re etiam pro beneficio in mundo conlocatas, et utrasque Arctos appellatas esse, quas nostri Septentriones dixerunt.

perh. post 2nd c. CE but ancient, Hyginus astronomus, Poeticon Astronomicon 2.2

Some say the Ursa Major and Ursa Minor are Jupiter's nursing nymphs, and for this reason they were placed on the world [sky] for our benefit, and were both named Arctos ("the Bears"), who we [the Romans] have also called the Septentriones ("the Northerners").


unusquisque

head

ūnusquisque m (feminine ūnaquaeque, neuter ūnumquodque)

ūnusquisque (canonical masculine)
ūnaquaeque (feminine)
ūnumquodque (neuter)
ūnusquisque (masculine nominative singular)
ūnaquaeque (feminine nominative singular)
ūnumquodque (neuter nominative singular)
ūnīquīque (masculine nominative plural)
ūnaequaeque (feminine nominative plural)
ūnaquaeque (neuter nominative plural)
ūnī̆uscuiusque (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
ūnōrumquōrumque (genitive masculine plural)
ūnārumquārumque (feminine genitive plural)
ūnōrumquōrumque (genitive neuter plural)
ūnīcuique (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
ūnīsquibusque (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
ūnīsquīsque (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
ūnumquemque (accusative masculine singular)
ūnamquamque (accusative feminine singular)
ūnumquodque (accusative neuter singular)
ūnōsquōsque (accusative masculine plural)
ūnāsquāsque (accusative feminine plural)
ūnaquaeque (accusative neuter plural)
ūnōquōque (ablative masculine singular)
ūnāquāque (ablative feminine singular)
ūnōquōque (ablative neuter singular)
ūnīsquibusque (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
ūnīsquīsque (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
unus quisque (alternative)


illic

la-pronoun

illic (feminine illaec, neuter illuc or illucce or illoc); demonstrative pronoun

illaec (feminine)
illuc (neuter)
illucce (neuter)
illoc (neuter)
illic (masculine nominative singular)
illaec (feminine nominative singular)
illuc (neuter nominative singular)
illucce (neuter nominative singular)
illoc (neuter nominative singular)
illīsce (masculine nominative plural)
illaec (feminine neuter nominative plural)
illī̆usce (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
illōrunc (genitive masculine plural)
illārunc (feminine genitive plural)
illōrunc (genitive neuter plural)
illīc (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
illīsce (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
illunc (accusative masculine singular)
illanc (accusative feminine singular)
illuc (accusative neuter singular)
illucce (accusative neuter singular)
illoc (accusative neuter singular)
illōsce (accusative masculine plural)
illāsce (accusative feminine plural)
illaec (accusative neuter plural)
illōc (ablative masculine singular)
illāc (ablative feminine singular)
illōc (ablative neuter singular)
illīsce (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)

From ille (“that, yon”) + -ce (“here/there”). Compare istic, hic and hice.

Eho dic mihi, quis illic igitur est?

c. 200 BCE – 190 BCE, Plautus, Captivi 623

yon, that, that over there (3rd person demonstrative pronoun of distance)


quicumque

quīcumque (feminine quaecumque, neuter quodcumque); relative/interrogative determiner with an indeclinable portion

quīcumque (canonical)
relative (canonical)
quaecumque (feminine)
quodcumque (neuter)
quīcumque (masculine nominative singular)
quaecumque (feminine nominative singular)
quodcumque (neuter nominative singular)
quīcumque (masculine nominative plural)
quaecumque (feminine neuter nominative plural)
cuiuscumque (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
quōrumcumque (genitive masculine plural)
quārumcumque (feminine genitive plural)
quōrumcumque (genitive neuter plural)
cuicumque (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
quibuscumque (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quīscumque (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quemcumque (accusative masculine singular)
quamcumque (accusative feminine singular)
quodcumque (accusative neuter singular)
quōscumque (accusative masculine plural)
quāscumque (accusative feminine plural)
quaecumque (accusative neuter plural)
quōcumque (ablative masculine singular)
quācumque (ablative feminine singular)
quōcumque (ablative neuter singular)
quibuscumque (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quīscumque (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quīcunque (alternative)
quī ... cumque (alternative)

desc

→ English: Quicumque vult, Quicunque vult

[kʷiːˈkʊŋ.kʷɛ]

From quī + -cumque; quīcunque is a later development reflecting the assimilated pronunciation.

Ita si id agitur, ut rursus in potestate omnia unius sint, quicumque is est, ei me profiteor inimicum.

43 BCE, Asinius Pollio, in Cicero, Epistulae ad Familiares 10.31.3

If therefore events are so developing as to put all power again in the hands of one man, whosoever that man is, I declare myself his foe.

Eos ad Marium ac deinde, si placeat, Romam legatos ire iubet; agundarum rerum et quocumque modo belli componundi licentiam ipsis permittit.

c. 40 BCE, Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum 103

These he ordered to go as envoys to Marius and then, if it seemed advisable, to Rome, giving them complete freedom of action and permission to make peace in whatever manner.

Namque is pollicitus est regi se eum interfecturum, si ei rex permitteret, ut, quodcumque vellet, liceret impune facere, fidemque de ea re more Persarum dextra dedisset.

c. 110 BCE – c. 25 BCE, Cornelius Nepos, On the Eminent Commanders XIV. Datames 14.10

For he promised the king that he would kill him [Datames], if the king would allow him to do whatever he wanted with impunity and would give him a pledge to that effect with his right hand after the manner of the Persians.

Hoc quodcumque vides, hospes, qua maxima Roma est, / ante Phrygem Aenean collis et herba fuit

30 BCE – 16 BCE, Propertius, Elegies 4.1

This, stranger, whatsoever you see where Rome the greatest stands, / was hill and grass before Phrygian Aeneas

Deus autem noster in caelo, omnia quaecumque voluit fecit.

405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Psalm 113:11 [115:3]

But our God is in heaven, and whatsoever he has willed, he has done.

whoever, whosoever; whatever, whatsoever


meos

𐌍𐌄𐌉[- - -]𐌐𐌀𐌓𐌉𐌌𐌄𐌃𐌄𐌔𐌏𐌌𐌊𐌏𐌌𐌌𐌄𐌏𐌉𐌔𐌔𐌏𐌊𐌉𐌏𐌉𐌔𐌕𐌓𐌉𐌖𐌏𐌉𐌀𐌃𐌃𐌄𐌏𐌌𐌃𐌖𐌏
NEIPARIMEDESOMKOMMEOISSOKIOISTRIVOIADDEOMDVO
nei pari med esom kom meois sokiois trifos audeom duo[m]

Do not take me! I am with my three companions (property) of the two Audii


quisquam

la-adj

quisquam (feminine quaequam, neuter quodquam); relative/interrogative pronoun with an indeclinable portion

quisquam (canonical)
relative (canonical)
quaequam (feminine)
quodquam (neuter)
quisquam (masculine nominative singular)
quaequam (feminine nominative singular)
quisquam (feminine nominative singular)
quodquam (neuter nominative singular)
quīquam (masculine nominative plural)
quaequam (feminine neuter nominative plural)
cuiusquam (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
quōrumquam (genitive masculine plural)
quārumquam (feminine genitive plural)
quōrumquam (genitive neuter plural)
cuiquam (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
quibusquam (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quemquam (accusative masculine singular)
quamquam (accusative feminine singular)
quemquam (accusative feminine singular)
quodquam (accusative neuter singular)
quōsquam (accusative masculine plural)
quāsquam (accusative feminine plural)
quaequam (accusative neuter plural)
quōquam (ablative masculine singular)
quīquam (ablative masculine singular)
quāquam (ablative feminine singular)
quōquam (ablative neuter singular)
quibusquam (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quisquam (masculine singular vocative)
quaequam (feminine singular vocative)
quodquam (neuter singular vocative)
quīquam (masculine plural vocative)
quaequam (feminine neuter plural vocative)

[ˈkʷɪs.kʷãː]

From quis + quam (“any”). Compare to quisque.

Quid tu autem possis, aut quid homo quisquam?

68 BCE – 44 BCE, Cicero, Epistulae ad Atticum 9.6.5.8

1913 translation by E.O. Winstedt
Yet what could you or any man do?


nequis

nēquis (canonical)
nēquis (masculine nominative singular)
nēquī (masculine nominative singular)
nēqua (feminine nominative singular)
nēquae (feminine nominative singular)
nēquid (neuter nominative singular)
nēquī (masculine nominative plural)
nēquae (feminine nominative plural)
nēqua (neuter nominative plural)
nēquae (neuter nominative plural)
nēcui (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
nēquibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
nēquīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
nēquem (accusative masculine singular)
nēquam (accusative feminine singular)
nēquid (accusative neuter singular)
nēquōs (accusative masculine plural)
nēquās (accusative feminine plural)
nēqua (accusative neuter plural)
nēquae (accusative neuter plural)
nēquō (ablative masculine singular)
nēquī (ablative masculine singular)
nēquā (ablative feminine singular)
nēquī (ablative feminine singular)
nēquō (ablative neuter singular)
nēquī (ablative neuter singular)
nēquibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
nēquīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
nē (alternative)
quis (alternative)

la-adecl

indefinite pronoun.


quinam

quīnam (canonical)
quīnam (masculine nominative singular)
quaenam (feminine nominative singular)
quodnam (neuter nominative singular)
quīnam (masculine nominative plural)
quaenam (feminine neuter nominative plural)
cuiusnam (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
quōrumnam (genitive masculine plural)
quārumnam (feminine genitive plural)
quōrumnam (genitive neuter plural)
cuinam (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
quibusnam (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quemnam (accusative masculine singular)
quamnam (accusative feminine singular)
quodnam (accusative neuter singular)
quōsnam (accusative masculine plural)
quāsnam (accusative feminine plural)
quaenam (accusative neuter plural)
quōnam (ablative masculine singular)
quānam (ablative feminine singular)
quōnam (ablative neuter singular)
quibusnam (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)

Catalan: quin

Franco-Provençal: quint (through confusion with quantus)

Occitan: quin


quispiam

la-adj

quispiam (feminine quaepiam, neuter quodpiam); relative/interrogative determiner with an indeclinable portion

quispiam (canonical)
relative (canonical)
quaepiam (feminine)
quodpiam (neuter)
quispiam (masculine nominative singular)
quaepiam (feminine nominative singular)
quodpiam (neuter nominative singular)
quīpiam (masculine nominative plural)
quaepiam (feminine neuter nominative plural)
cuiuspiam (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
quōrumpiam (genitive masculine plural)
quārumpiam (feminine genitive plural)
quōrumpiam (genitive neuter plural)
cuipiam (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
quibuspiam (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quīspiam (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quempiam (accusative masculine singular)
quampiam (accusative feminine singular)
quodpiam (accusative neuter singular)
quōspiam (accusative masculine plural)
quāspiam (accusative feminine plural)
quaepiam (accusative neuter plural)
quōpiam (ablative masculine singular)
quāpiam (ablative feminine singular)
quōpiam (ablative neuter singular)
quibuspiam (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quīspiam (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)


quisnam

head

quisnam (femine quaenam, neuter quidnam)


quilibet

quīlibet m (feminine quaelibet, neuter (adj.) quodlibet, neuter (noun) quidlibet)

quīlibet (canonical masculine)
quaelibet (feminine)
quodlibet (adjective neuter)
quidlibet (neuter noun)
quīlibet (masculine nominative singular)
quislibet (masculine nominative singular)
quaelibet (feminine nominative singular)
quodlibet (neuter nominative singular)
quīlibet (masculine nominative plural)
quaelibet (feminine neuter nominative plural)
cuiuslibet (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
quōrumlibet (genitive masculine plural)
quārumlibet (feminine genitive plural)
quōrumlibet (genitive neuter plural)
cuilibet (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
quibuslibet (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quīslibet (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quemlibet (accusative masculine singular)
quamlibet (accusative feminine singular)
quodlibet (accusative neuter singular)
quōslibet (accusative masculine plural)
quāslibet (accusative feminine plural)
quaelibet (accusative neuter plural)
quōlibet (ablative masculine singular)
quālibet (ablative feminine singular)
quōlibet (ablative neuter singular)
quibuslibet (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quīslibet (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quīlubet (alternative)


quivis

la-det

quīvis (feminine quaevīs, neuter quodvīs); relative/interrogative determiner (with m optionally → n in compounds) with an indeclinable portion

quīvis (canonical)
relative (canonical)
quaevīs (feminine)
quodvīs (neuter)
quīvis (masculine nominative singular)
quaevīs (feminine nominative singular)
quodvīs (neuter nominative singular)
quīvīs (masculine nominative plural)
quaevīs (feminine neuter nominative plural)
cuiusvīs (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
quōrunvīs (genitive masculine plural)
quōrumvīs (genitive masculine plural)
quārunvīs (feminine genitive plural)
quārumvīs (feminine genitive plural)
quōrunvīs (genitive neuter plural)
quōrumvīs (genitive neuter plural)
cuivīs (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
quibusvīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quīsvīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quenvīs (accusative masculine singular)
quemvīs (accusative masculine singular)
quanvīs (accusative feminine singular)
quamvīs (accusative feminine singular)
quodvīs (accusative neuter singular)
quōsvīs (accusative masculine plural)
quāsvīs (accusative feminine plural)
quaevīs (accusative neuter plural)
quōvīs (ablative masculine singular)
quāvīs (ablative feminine singular)
quōvīs (ablative neuter singular)
quibusvīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quīsvīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)


semetipse

alternative spelling of sēmet ipse (“he... himself”)


seipse

seipse (masculine nominative singular)
seipsa (feminine nominative singular)
seipsum (neuter nominative singular)
seipsud (Medieval-Latin neuter nominative singular)
seipsī (masculine nominative plural)
seipsae (feminine nominative plural)
seipsa (neuter nominative plural)
seipsī̆us (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
seipsōrum (genitive masculine plural)
seipsārum (feminine genitive plural)
seipsōrum (genitive neuter plural)
seipsī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
seipsīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
seipsum (accusative masculine singular)
seipsam (accusative feminine singular)
seipsum (accusative neuter singular)
seipsud (Medieval-Latin accusative neuter singular)
seipsōs (accusative masculine plural)
seipsās (accusative feminine plural)
seipsa (accusative neuter plural)
seipsō (ablative masculine singular)
seipsā (ablative feminine singular)
seipsō (ablative neuter singular)
seipsīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
seipse (masculine singular vocative)
seipsa (feminine singular vocative)
seipsum (neuter singular vocative)
seipsī (masculine plural vocative)
seipsae (feminine plural vocative)
seipsa (neuter plural vocative)

(emphatic) himself, herself, itself, the very, the actual


siquis

sīquis (canonical)
sīquis (masculine nominative singular)
sīquī (masculine nominative singular)
sīqua (feminine nominative singular)
sīquae (feminine nominative singular)
sīquid (neuter nominative singular)
sīquī (masculine nominative plural)
sīquae (feminine nominative plural)
sīqua (neuter nominative plural)
sīquae (neuter nominative plural)
sīcui (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
sīquibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
sīquīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
sīquem (accusative masculine singular)
sīquam (accusative feminine singular)
sīquid (accusative neuter singular)
sīquōs (accusative masculine plural)
sīquās (accusative feminine plural)
sīqua (accusative neuter plural)
sīquae (accusative neuter plural)
sīquō (ablative masculine singular)
sīquī (ablative masculine singular)
sīquā (ablative feminine singular)
sīquī (ablative feminine singular)
sīquō (ablative neuter singular)
sīquī (ablative neuter singular)
sīquibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
sīquīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
sī (alternative)
quis (alternative)
seiquis (alternative)

la-adecl

indefinite pronoun.


istic

la-det

istic (feminine istaec, neuter istuc or istucce or istoc); demonstrative pronoun

istaec (feminine)
istuc (neuter)
istucce (neuter)
istoc (neuter)
istic (masculine nominative singular)
istaec (feminine nominative singular)
istuc (neuter nominative singular)
istucce (neuter nominative singular)
istoc (neuter nominative singular)
istīsce (masculine nominative plural)
istaec (feminine neuter nominative plural)
istī̆usce (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
istōrunc (genitive masculine plural)
istārunc (feminine genitive plural)
istōrunc (genitive neuter plural)
istīc (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
istīsce (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
istunc (accusative masculine singular)
istanc (accusative feminine singular)
istuc (accusative neuter singular)
istucce (accusative neuter singular)
istoc (accusative neuter singular)
istōsce (accusative masculine plural)
istāsce (accusative feminine plural)
istaec (accusative neuter plural)
istōc (ablative masculine singular)
istāc (ablative feminine singular)
istōc (ablative neuter singular)
istīsce (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
isthic (alternative)

SĪMŌ: Ego istaec rēctē ut fīant vīderō.

166 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Andria 456

SIMO: I will see to it that those [things] are done correctly.


istic

istaec (feminine)
istuc (neuter)
istucce (neuter)
istoc (neuter)
isthic (alternative)


vosmet

vōsmet (canonical)
vōsmet (nominative plural)
vestrīmet (genitive plural)
vestrummet (genitive plural)
vōbīsmet (dative plural)
vōsmet (accusative plural)
vōbīsmet (ablative plural)
vōsmet (plural vocative)

Dūrātē, et vōsmet rēbus servāte secundīs.

“Endure, and save yourselves for better times to come.”


ipsemet

la-pronoun

ipsemet (feminine ipsamet, neuter ipsummet or ipsudmet); demonstrative pronoun (pronominal) with an indeclinable portion

ipsamet (feminine)
ipsummet (neuter)
ipsudmet (neuter)
ipsemet (masculine nominative singular)
ipsamet (feminine nominative singular)
ipsummet (neuter nominative singular)
ipsudmet (Medieval-Latin neuter nominative singular)
ipsīmet (masculine nominative plural)
ipsaemet (feminine nominative plural)
ipsamet (neuter nominative plural)
ipsī̆usmet (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
ipsōrummet (genitive masculine plural)
ipsārummet (feminine genitive plural)
ipsōrummet (genitive neuter plural)
ipsīmet (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
ipsīsmet (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
ipsummet (accusative masculine singular)
ipsammet (accusative feminine singular)
ipsummet (accusative neuter singular)
ipsudmet (Medieval-Latin accusative neuter singular)
ipsōsmet (accusative masculine plural)
ipsāsmet (accusative feminine plural)
ipsamet (accusative neuter plural)
ipsōmet (ablative masculine singular)
ipsāmet (ablative feminine singular)
ipsōmet (ablative neuter singular)
ipsīsmet (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
ipsemet (masculine singular vocative)
ipsamet (feminine singular vocative)
ipsummet (neuter singular vocative)
ipsīmet (masculine plural vocative)
ipsaemet (feminine plural vocative)
ipsamet (neuter plural vocative)


utervis

utervīs (feminine utravīs, neuter utrumvīs or utrunvīs); first/second-declension pronoun (nominative masculine singular in -er, pronominal; without or with m optionally → n in compounds) with an indeclinable portion

utervīs (canonical)
utravīs (feminine)
utrumvīs (neuter)
utrunvīs (neuter)
in -er (masculine nominative singular)
utervīs (masculine nominative singular)
utravīs (feminine nominative singular)
utrumvīs (neuter nominative singular)
utrunvīs (neuter nominative singular)
utrīvīs (masculine nominative plural)
utraevīs (feminine nominative plural)
utravīs (neuter nominative plural)
utrī̆usvīs (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
utrōrumvīs (genitive masculine plural)
utrōrunvīs (genitive masculine plural)
utrārumvīs (feminine genitive plural)
utrārunvīs (feminine genitive plural)
utrōrumvīs (genitive neuter plural)
utrōrunvīs (genitive neuter plural)
utrīvīs (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
utrīsvīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
utrumvīs (accusative masculine singular)
utrunvīs (accusative masculine singular)
utramvīs (accusative feminine singular)
utranvīs (accusative feminine singular)
utrumvīs (accusative neuter singular)
utrunvīs (accusative neuter singular)
utrōsvīs (accusative masculine plural)
utrāsvīs (accusative feminine plural)
utravīs (accusative neuter plural)
utrōvīs (ablative masculine singular)
utrāvīs (ablative feminine singular)
utrōvīs (ablative neuter singular)
utrīsvīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
utervīs (masculine singular vocative)
utravīs (feminine singular vocative)
utrumvīs (neuter singular vocative)
utrunvīs (neuter singular vocative)
utrīvīs (masculine plural vocative)
utraevīs (feminine plural vocative)
utravīs (neuter plural vocative)

whomever of the two you want, either of the two


quicunque

quīcunque or quiscunque (feminine quaecunque or quacunque, neuter quodcunque); relative/interrogative determiner (with m optionally → n in compounds) with an indeclinable portion

quīcunque (canonical)
quiscunque (canonical)
relative (canonical)
quaecunque (feminine)
quacunque (feminine)
quodcunque (neuter)
quīcunque (masculine nominative singular)
quiscunque (masculine nominative singular)
quaecunque (feminine nominative singular)
quacunque (feminine nominative singular)
quodcunque (neuter nominative singular)
quīcunque (masculine nominative plural)
quaecunque (feminine nominative plural)
quaecunque (neuter nominative plural)
quacunque (neuter nominative plural)
cuiuscunque (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
quōruncunque (genitive masculine plural)
quōrumcunque (genitive masculine plural)
quāruncunque (feminine genitive plural)
quārumcunque (feminine genitive plural)
quōruncunque (genitive neuter plural)
quōrumcunque (genitive neuter plural)
cuicunque (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
quibuscunque (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quīscunque (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quencunque (accusative masculine singular)
quemcunque (accusative masculine singular)
quancunque (accusative feminine singular)
quamcunque (accusative feminine singular)
quodcunque (accusative neuter singular)
quōscunque (accusative masculine plural)
quāscunque (accusative feminine plural)
quaecunque (accusative neuter plural)
quacunque (accusative neuter plural)
quōcunque (ablative masculine singular)
quācunque (ablative feminine singular)
quōcunque (ablative neuter singular)
quibuscunque (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quīscunque (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)

[kʷiːˈkʊŋ.kʷɛ]


quidquidlibet

quidquidlibet (nominative singular)
quicquidlibet (nominative singular)
quaequaelibet (nominative plural)
cuiuscuiuslibet (genitive singular)
quōrumquōrumlibet (genitive plural)
cuicuilibet (dative singular)
quibusquibuslibet (dative plural)
quīsquīslibet (dative plural)
quidquidlibet (accusative singular)
quicquidlibet (accusative singular)
quaequaelibet (accusative plural)
quōquōlibet (ablative singular)
quibusquibuslibet (ablative plural)
quīsquīslibet (ablative plural)
quidquidlibet (singular vocative)
quicquidlibet (singular vocative)
quaequaelibet (plural vocative)

From quid and libet, compare quidquid and quidlibet.

5th century, Salvianus, adversus avaritiam, liber tertius. In: Patrologiae cursus completus, seu bibliotheca universalis, integra, uniformis, commoda, oeconomica, omnium SS. patrum, doctorum scriptorumque ecclesiaticorum. Patrologiae latinae tomus LIII, edited by J.-P. Migne, 1865, p. 225

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Quidquidlibet enim dederis pro te, vile est; quidquid pro te obtuleris, parvi pretii est: quia anima tua in omnium rerum comparatione pretiosior.


quiviscumque

quīvīscumque (feminine quaevīscumque, neuter quodvīscumque); relative/interrogative determiner with an indeclinable portion

quīvīscumque (canonical)
relative (canonical)
quaevīscumque (feminine)
quodvīscumque (neuter)
quīvīscumque (masculine nominative singular)
quaevīscumque (feminine nominative singular)
quodcumque (neuter nominative singular)
quīcumque (masculine nominative plural)
quaecumque (feminine nominative plural)
quaevīscumque (neuter nominative plural)
cuiuscumque (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
quōrumcumque (genitive masculine plural)
quārumcumque (feminine genitive plural)
quōrumcumque (genitive neuter plural)
cuicumque (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
quibuscumque (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quīscumque (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quemcumque (accusative masculine singular)
quamcumque (accusative feminine singular)
quodcumque (accusative neuter singular)
quōscumque (accusative masculine plural)
quāscumque (accusative feminine plural)
quaevīscumque (accusative neuter plural)
quōcumque (ablative masculine singular)
quācumque (ablative feminine singular)
quōcumque (ablative neuter singular)
quibuscumque (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quīscumque (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)

From quī + vīs + cumque; compare quīvīs and quīcumque.


ques

head

quēs m pl or f pl (neuter plural qua, indefinite pronoun)

quēs (canonical feminine masculine plural)
qua (neuter plural)

SEI·QVES
ESENT·QVEI·SIBEI·DEICERENT·NECESVS·ESE·BACANAL·HABERE·EEIS·VTEI·AD·PR·VRBANVM
ROMAM·VENIRENT·DEQVE·EEIS·REBVS·VBEI·EORVM·VTR A [= VERBA]·AVDITA·ESENT·VTEI·SENATVS
NOSTER·DECERNERET·DVM·NE·MINVS·SENATORBVS [= SENATORIBVS]·C·ADESENT· A [= QVOM EA] RES·COSOLORETVR
if there are any who claim that it is necessary for them to have such a place, they are to come to Rome to the praetor urbanus, and the senate is to decide on those matters, when their claims have been heard, provided that not less than 100 senators are present when the affair is discussed.
SEI·QVES·ESENT·QVEI·ARVORSVM·EAD·FECISENT·QVAM·SVPRAD
SCRIPTVM·EST·EEIS·REM·CAPVTALEM·FACIENDAM·CENSVERE
if there are any who have acted contrary to what was written above, they have decided that a proceeding for a capital offense should be instituted against them;
ATQVE
VTEI·EA·BACANALIA·SEI·QVA·SVNT·EXSTRAD·QVAM·SEI·QVID·IBEI·SACRI·EST
ITA·VTEI·SVPRAD·SCRIPTVM·EST·IN·DIEBVS·X·QVIBVS·VOBEIS·TABELAI·DATAI
ERVNT·FACIATIS·VTEI·DISMOTA·SIENT

see to it that the revelries of Bacchus, if there be any, except in case there be concerned in the matter something sacred, as was written above, be disbanded within ten days after this letter shall be delivered to you.


quilubet

quīlubet m (feminine quaelubet, neuter (adj.) quodlubet, neuter (subst.) quidlubet)

quīlubet (canonical masculine)
quaelubet (feminine)
quodlubet (adjective neuter)
quidlubet (neuter noun)
quīlubet (masculine nominative singular)
quislubet (masculine nominative singular)
quaelubet (feminine nominative singular)
qualubet (feminine nominative singular)
quodlubet (neuter nominative singular)
quīlubet (masculine nominative plural)
quaelubet (feminine nominative plural)
quaelubet (neuter nominative plural)
qualubet (neuter nominative plural)
cuiuslubet (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
quōrumlubet (genitive masculine plural)
quārumlubet (feminine genitive plural)
quōrumlubet (genitive neuter plural)
cuilubet (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
quibuslubet (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quīslubet (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quemlubet (accusative masculine singular)
quamlubet (accusative feminine singular)
quodlubet (accusative neuter singular)
quōslubet (accusative masculine plural)
quāslubet (accusative feminine plural)
quaelubet (accusative neuter plural)
qualubet (accusative neuter plural)
quōlubet (ablative masculine singular)
quālubet (ablative feminine singular)
quōlubet (ablative neuter singular)
quibuslubet (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quīslubet (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)


sapse

Compounded from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ and -pse.


utercumque

la-pronoun

utercumque (feminine utracumque, neuter utrumcumque); first/second-declension pronoun (nominative masculine singular in -er, pronominal) with an indeclinable portion

utracumque (feminine)
utrumcumque (neuter)
in -er (masculine nominative singular)
utercumque (masculine nominative singular)
utracumque (feminine nominative singular)
utrumcumque (neuter nominative singular)
utrīcumque (masculine nominative plural)
utraecumque (feminine nominative plural)
utracumque (neuter nominative plural)
utrī̆uscumque (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
utrōrumcumque (genitive masculine plural)
utrārumcumque (feminine genitive plural)
utrōrumcumque (genitive neuter plural)
utrīcumque (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
utrīscumque (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
utrumcumque (accusative masculine singular)
utramcumque (accusative feminine singular)
utrumcumque (accusative neuter singular)
utrōscumque (accusative masculine plural)
utrāscumque (accusative feminine plural)
utracumque (accusative neuter plural)
utrōcumque (ablative masculine singular)
utrācumque (ablative feminine singular)
utrōcumque (ablative neuter singular)
utrīscumque (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
utercumque (masculine singular vocative)
utracumque (feminine singular vocative)
utrumcumque (neuter singular vocative)
utrīcumque (masculine plural vocative)
utraecumque (feminine plural vocative)
utracumque (neuter plural vocative)


qoi

IOVESATDEIVOSQOIMEDMITATNEITEDENDOCOSMISVIRCOSIED…


ecce hoc

Italo-Romance:

Italian: ciò

Sicilian: zò

North Italian:

Old Piedmontese: çò, ço

Piedmontese: sò, so

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Old Franco-Provençal: ço, cen, czo

Franco-Provençal: sen, soc, çou

Oïl:

Franc-Comtois: çou

Lorrain: ço, cho (Barrois)

Old Bourguignon: ceu

Bourguignon: çou

Old French: ço, ce, cen, ceo

French: ce

Old Northern French: cho, chou, che

Norman: chou, chen

Picard: chou, chau, chin, jou

Walloon: çou

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Old Catalan: ço, açò

Catalan: ço, açò

Old Occitan: ço, czo

Occitan: çò, ce

From ecce (“behold, voilà”) + hoc (“this”). Found beginning in the fourth century CE, notably in Augustine.

Et ecce hoc est deponere veterem hominem, et induere novum: Quapropter, deponentes mendacium, loquimini veritatem, unusquisque cum proximo suo: quia sumus invicem membra.

354 CE – 430 CE, Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis, In Psalmum 25 enarratio 2 (sermo ad plebem)

And this is to shed the old self and put on the new self. Therefore, as you put away lying, speak the truth, each to your neighbour, for we are members (of one body) to each other (Ephesians 4:25).


ecquisnam

ecquisnam or ecquīnam (feminine ecquaenam, neuter ecquidnam); indeclinable portion with a relative/interrogative pronoun with an Indeclinable portion

ecquisnam (canonical)
ecquīnam (canonical)
indeclinable portion with a relative (canonical)
ecquaenam (feminine)
ecquidnam (neuter)
ecquisnam (masculine nominative singular)
ecquīnam (masculine nominative singular)
ecquaenam (feminine nominative singular)
ecquidnam (neuter nominative singular)
ecquīnam (masculine nominative plural)
ecquaenam (feminine neuter nominative plural)
eccuinam (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
ecquemnam (accusative masculine singular)
ecquamnam (accusative feminine singular)
ecquidnam (accusative neuter singular)
ecquōsnam (accusative masculine plural)
ecquāsnam (accusative feminine plural)
ecquaenam (accusative neuter plural)
ecquōnam (ablative masculine singular)
ecquīnam (ablative masculine singular)
ecquānam (ablative feminine singular)
ecquīnam (ablative feminine singular)
ecquōnam (ablative neuter singular)
ecquīnam (ablative neuter singular)

ecquis (“is there anyone who...?”) + -nam (emphatic)

af

is there anyone at all who...?, is there anyone whatsoever who...?


numquis

la-adecl

indefinite pronoun.

numquis (masculine nominative singular)
numquī (masculine nominative singular)
numqua (feminine nominative singular)
numquae (feminine nominative singular)
numquid (neuter nominative singular)
numquī (masculine nominative plural)
numquae (feminine nominative plural)
numqua (neuter nominative plural)
numquae (neuter nominative plural)
numcui (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
numquibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
numquīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
numquem (accusative masculine singular)
numquam (accusative feminine singular)
numquid (accusative neuter singular)
numquōs (accusative masculine plural)
numquās (accusative feminine plural)
numqua (accusative neuter plural)
numquae (accusative neuter plural)
numquō (ablative masculine singular)
numquī (ablative masculine singular)
numquā (ablative feminine singular)
numquī (ablative feminine singular)
numquō (ablative neuter singular)
numquī (ablative neuter singular)
numquibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
numquīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
num (alternative)
quis (alternative)

(in a direct question; usually expecting a negation) any, anyone, anything


illei

Alternative spelling showing the archaic use of "ei" for Classical Latin ī, possibly corresponding to an etymological diphthong.


illei

From illaei with simplification of "ae" to "e".


uterlibet

la-pronoun

uterlibet (feminine utralibet, neuter utrumlibet); first/second-declension pronoun (nominative masculine singular in -er, pronominal)

utralibet (feminine)
utrumlibet (neuter)
in -er (masculine nominative singular)
uterlibet (masculine nominative singular)
utralibet (feminine nominative singular)
utrumlibet (neuter nominative singular)
utrīlibet (masculine nominative plural)
utraelibet (feminine nominative plural)
utralibet (neuter nominative plural)
utrī̆uslibet (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
utrōrumlibet (genitive masculine plural)
utrārumlibet (feminine genitive plural)
utrōrumlibet (genitive neuter plural)
utrīlibet (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
utrīslibet (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
utrumlibet (accusative masculine singular)
utramlibet (accusative feminine singular)
utrumlibet (accusative neuter singular)
utrōslibet (accusative masculine plural)
utrāslibet (accusative feminine plural)
utralibet (accusative neuter plural)
utrōlibet (ablative masculine singular)
utrālibet (ablative feminine singular)
utrōlibet (ablative neuter singular)
utrīslibet (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
uterlibet (masculine singular vocative)
utralibet (feminine singular vocative)
utrumlibet (neuter singular vocative)
utrīlibet (masculine plural vocative)
utraelibet (feminine plural vocative)
utralibet (neuter plural vocative)

Whichever of the two you please; either of the two


illaei

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: ljei

Romanian: ei, -ei

Italo-Romance:

Italian: lei

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: lyé

Old French: li, lei

Old Occitan: lei

From illī (same meaning but unspecified for gender) with input from the dative -ae (first-declension and so generally feminine).

Early 2nd c. AD, private correspondence of Terentianus
...cụ[lcit]as quas illei [a]ttuli...