intra

Aromanian: ntrã

Italo-Dalmatian

Italian: tra,

Sicilian: intra, ntra, tra

→ Czech: intra-

→ English: intra-

→ French: intra-

→ German: intra-

→ Italian: intra-

→ Spanish: intra-

→ Romanian: intra-

→ Portuguese: intra-

From earlier *interus (whence also interior), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁énteros (“inner, what is inside”). Cognates include Sanskrit अन्तर (ántara, “interior”) and Ancient Greek ἔντερον (énteron, “intestine, bowel”), Northern Kurdish hindirr (inside), Persian اندرون (andarun, “inner”).
The change from instrumental/ablative and accusative to accusative only is caused by *-teros used adverbially.


secus

* From Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to follow”), the same root of sequor. Properly, following, later in rank or order, i. e. less than something mentioned before.
* Others refer it to Proto-Indo-European *swe- + *-ḱʷo-.


to the power of

Two to the power of four equals sixteen. 2⁴=16.


in light of

The United Nations then became the one great attempt to establish a formal institution to unify the world, especially in light of the darkness that preceded it.

2015, Roy Posner, A New Way of Living, page 103:

In light of such conceptualisations of the power of linguistic landscapes, we set out to examine the connection between the visual landscape and the spoken landscape in our institution[.]

2019, Li Huang, James Lambert, “Another Arrow for the Quiver: A New Methodology for Multilingual Researchers”, in Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, →DOI, page 2:

(idiomatic, Australia, Canada, US) Given, considering.


dún

ind roisc du·n-écomnacht-su dún, a Dǽ

of the eye that you sg have given (to) us, O God


ré

rium (first-person singular)
riumsa (emphatic first-person singular)
riut (second-person singular)
rïam (dative masculine neuter singular third-person)
ríam (dative masculine neuter singular third-person)
remi (dative feminine singular third-person)
remisi (dative emphatic feminine singular third-person)
riun (first-person plural)
reuib (plural second-person)
remib (dative plural third-person)

desc

from <i class="Latn mention" lang="sga">rïam</i> (third-person singular masculine)

⇒ Irish: roimh (from rïam (third-person singular masculine))

From Proto-Celtic *ɸrīs (compare Gaulish ris), from Proto-Indo-European *per-. Cognate with English first and Latin prīscus (“former”). The eclipsis trigger is analogical to íar (“after”). The inflected forms in -m, as well as the cognate prefix rem-, are from the superlative *ɸrīsamos (compare Latin prīmus (“first”)).

Is hé ru·fiastar cumachtae inna díglae do·mbi{u}r-siu húa londas, intí du·écigi{gi} is ar trócairi ⁊ censi du·bir-siu forunni siu innahí fo·daimem ré techt innúnn.

He who will know the power of the punishment which you sg inflict by means of wrath, it is he who will see that it is for the sake of mercy and gentleness that you inflict on us here the things that we suffer before going there.


ἀπύ

Aeolic and Arcadocypriot form of ᾰ̓πό (ăpó)


περί

grc-preposition

περῐ́ • (perĭ́) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative)

Greek: περί (perí)

→ Dutch: peri-

→ English: peri-

→ Finnish: peri-

→ French: péri-

→ Italian: peri-

→ Spanish: peri-

From Proto-Indo-European *peri (“in crossing, in passing”), locative singular of *per- (“before, in front”). Cognates include Sanskrit परि (pári), Latin per, Lithuanian per, English for, and Albanian për.
The genitive is from the PIE ablative of cause. The dative is from the locative. The accusative is like παρά (pará).

inh

[with genitive]
about, concerning, because of

around (both in the circular sense and close proximity sense), near, about


jiu

of you/ye


ἀμφίς

grc-preposition

ᾰ̓μφῐ́ς • (ămphĭ́s) (governs the genitive)

ᾰ̓μφῐ́ς (canonical)
ămphĭ́s (romanization)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi (“round about, around”), same source as Old High German umbi (“around”), Old Irish imb, Old English ymbe, Latin ambi-, Sanskrit अभितस् (abhítas, “on both sides”).


ἀμφί

grc-preposition

ἀμφί • (amphí) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative)

From Proto-Hellenic *ampʰí, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi (“round about, around”). Beekes argues that the Indo-European term originated as a case form of *h₂ent- (“face”), which is the source of ἀντί (antí).
Cognate with Old English ymb-, Middle English umbe, Latin ambi-, Sanskrit अभि (abhí, “towards, over, upon”), Old Persian 𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎹 (abiy, “towards, against, upon”), Old High German umbi, Old Irish imb (“around”) and the first part of Old Armenian ամբ-ողջ (amb-ołǰ, “whole”).

cog

[with dative]
about, on account of, for the sake of


κατά

grc-preposition

κᾰτᾰ́ • (kătắ) (governs the genitive and accusative)

Greek: κατά (katá)

Latin: cata (see there for further descendants)

English: cata-, kata

From Proto-Hellenic *kətá, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥-teh₂, from *ḱóm (“beside, with”). Cognate with Hittite 𒅗𒀜𒋫 (katta, “down from, at, with, under”), Tocharian B kätk- (“to lower”) and perhaps Old Welsh cant, Modern Welsh gan (“with”). The genitive is from the PIE ablative of separation. The accusative is from the pre-PIE directional and the PIE direct object.

κατ᾽

apocope before a vowel with smooth breathing

καθ᾽

apocope before a vowel with rough breathing

[with accusative]
for, for the purpose of

[with accusative]
according to, in conformity with


posti

Latin: post, poste (archaic)

Oscan: post, púst, pustin

Umbrian: posti, pusti

Apocopated forms: post, pus

South Picene: 𐌐𐌏𐌔𐌕𐌉𐌍 (postin)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *pós
Proto-Indo-European *-ti
Proto-Indo-European *pós-ti
Proto-Italic *posti
From Proto-Indo-European *pós (“after”), with an adverbial marker *-ti.


iuxta

Borrowings:

→⇒ French: juxtaposer

→ English: juxtapose

→⇒ Spanish: yuxtaponer (“juxtapose”)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: giusta

Sardinian:

Campidanese: giusta

Logudorese: justa

Nuorese: justa

Gallo-Romance:

Old French: joste (“close to, along”)

French: jouxte (“close”) (semi-latinized, archaic)

Old Occitan: josta

Vulgar Latin:

⇒ *iuxtāre

Catalan: justar ⇒ ajustar

→ Spanish: ayustar (“splice (rope)”)

desc

Old French: joster (“meet in battle, joust, be close to”) ⇒ ajoster (“add”)

French: jouter (“joust”), jouxter (“be close to”) (semi-latinized), ajouter (“add”)

Norman: joster (“play”) ⇒ jostoux (“happy”), ajoûter (“add”)

→ English: joust

→ Italian: giostrare (“joust”)

→ Portuguese: justar (“joust”)

→ Spanish: justar (“joust”)

Old Occitan: jostar ⇒ ajostar

[ˈi̯uːks̠t̪äː]

[ˈi̯ʊks̠t̪äː]

Unclear, but reflects an earlier ablative form. Proposals include:
* from Proto-Italic *jougestos (“yoked”), from *jougos (“team of yoke animals”) (whence Latin iūgera pl), from Proto-Indo-European *(H)yewg-es-, from *(H)yewg- (“join together”);
* from Proto-Italic *jugistos (“closest”), equivalent to *(H)yug- + *-istHos (“superlative suffix”); however, this suffix is otherwise not found in Latin.
The accusative is from the suffix used adverbially.

suffix

(Late Latin, Medieval Latin) according to


κάτω

grc-adv

κᾰ́τω • (kắtō)

Greek: κάτω (káto)

Mariupol Greek: ка́ту (kátu)

From κᾰτᾰ́ (kătắ) + -ω (-ō, adverbial suffix).


on account of

[…] I had a pretty good notion of the weather conditions generally, on account of I was out in them.

1998, Bill Bryson, A Walk in the Woods: Rediscovering America on the Appalachian Trail, Broadway Books, published 1999, →ISBN, page 213:

Truth is I was the kind of fellow who people would run away from when they seen me coming on account of I was so full of facts and names and places and families I had to tell about.

1999, Craig S. Womack, Red on Red: Native American Literary Separatism, University of Minnesota Press, →ISBN, page 216:

After that, I resumed walking, on account of it involves little contact with strangers.

2015, Bill Bryson, The Road to Little Dribbling: More Notes From a Small Island, page 84:

(colloquial) On account of the fact that: because, since.


χωρίς

An isolated adverbial formation from χώρᾱ (khṓrā, “space”), initially meaning "in another, separate space or place".


prapa

From Proto-Albanian *per apa, *pra apa, the second element being identical with pa.


gjatë

From dialectal and archaic glatë, from Proto-Albanian *dlata, from pre-Albanian *dl̥h₁gʰto, from Proto-Indo-European *dl̥h₁gʰós and suffix *-to.


ten opzichte van

De letter A is symmetrisch ten opzichte van de verticale as, en de letter B is symmetrisch ten opzichte van de horizontale as.

The letter A is symmetric with respect to the vertical axis, and the letter B is symmetric with respect to the horizontal axis.


for the love of

(idiomatic) Used to form interjections expressing exasperation.


prope

North Italian:

Piedmontese: preuv, pré (Piverone)

Lombard: preuf

Gallo-Romance:

Old French: prof, pruf, preu, pruef

→ Old Italian: pruovo

⇒ Norman: promais que (the "pro-" part)

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: prop

Occitan: prop ⇒ prèp (influenced by près)

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *propeānus

Old French: prochain

French: prochain

Sardinian: probianu

From Proto-Indo-European *prokʷe, from *pro- + *-kʷe (equivalent to Latin pro + -que). The expected form would accordingly be *proque. The second -p- is probably due to assimilation. Compare the reverse development in quinque, coquo, which was hindered here by the initial cluster pr-. A less likely explanation is borrowing from Oscan, where -𐌐𐌄 (-pe) is the regular reflex.
The change from locative/ablative to accusative is caused by the adverbial suffix.

Domus mea prope lacum est.


in advance of

He travelled in advance of his master, making the necessary arrangements.


on the heels of

One woe doth tread upon another's heel.

c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene vii]:

To avoid these dreadful consequences, that tread upon the heels of those allowances to sin, will be a task of far more difficulty.

1644, J[ohn] M[ilton], chapter 4, in The Doctrine or Discipline of Divorce: […], 2nd edition, London: [s.n.], →OCLC, book 2:

[A] familiar voice chimed instantly in on the heels of my last word, […]

1870–1871 (date written), Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], “”, in Roughing It, Hartford, Conn.: American Publishing Company [et al.], published 1872, →OCLC, page 553:

[W]hen such accidents kept happening, one on the heels of another, even the most callous public could not help asking questions.

1917, Upton Sinclair, chapter 32, in King Coal:

As it happened, the shooting came on the heels of a two-day “peace march” against American drone aircraft targeting suspected Islamist militants in Pakistan’s tribal areas close to the border with Afghanistan.

2012 October 13, “Pakistan’s politics: The peace and love tour”, in The Economist:

(idiomatic, of events, facts, etc.) Closely following; in succession immediately after.


δίχα

grc-adverb

δῐ́χᾰ • (dĭ́khă)


along the lines of

I was thinking along the lines of writing to the local paper, to see if we can get some reaction.

"The railman on the platform, whom I knew well, looked a bit bemused and asked what I was doing. Thinking it a silly question, I said something along the lines of 'what do you think? I'm going home to bed'.
"He then said 'but you don't live here anymore'.

2022 September 7, “Stop & Examine”, in RAIL, number 965, page 71:


supo

Latin: sub (see there for further descendants)

Oscan: συπ (sup)

Umbrian: 𐌔𐌖𐌐𐌖 (supu), su


ἀντί

English: anti-, ant-

desc

Greek: αντί (antí, “instead of”, preposition)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti (“front, opposite”). Cognates include English and, Latin ante, Sanskrit अन्ति (ánti), and Old Armenian ընդ (ənd).
The genitive is from the PIE ablative of separation or comparison.


faoi

A generalization of the third-person masculine singular inflected form, from Old Irish foí, the third-person masculine singular inflected form of fo (“under”), from Proto-Celtic *uɸo, from Proto-Indo-European *upo. Compare Ancient Greek ὑπό (hupó), Middle Welsh go. During the Early Modern Irish period, this preposition began to take over the meaning of Old Irish imm (“around, about”) (modern um), which had variant forms ma and lenited fa, bha that were probably conflated with faoi. Doublet of ó (“-wards”).

Up in the lighthouse, under twinkling stars, Bronach sings the Song of the Sea to her five-year-old son, Ben.

2015 [2014], Will Collins, translated by Proinsias Mac a' Bhaird, edited by Maura McHugh, Amhrán na Mara (fiction; paperback), Kilkenny, County Kilkenny, Howth, Dublin: Cartoon Saloon; Coiscéim, translation of Song of the Sea (in English), →ISBN, page 1:

a trí faoi a hocht

faoi dhó


riu

As ta mee gra riu. And I say unto you.


erga

Same as ergō, from ex- and Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- (“to straighten”). Compare with the adverbial use of "ē regiōne" ("directly, against"), with the same elements.

(literally, of locality, pre-Classical and post-Classical only, rare) over against, opposite to


frum

Alternative form of faram (“along with me, beside me; in addition to me; as good as me”)


on the point of

Whether health care should remain free at the point of need is not a new controversy.

As soon as Julia returned with a constable, Timothy, who was on the point of exhaustion, prepared to give over to him gratefully. The newcomer turned out to be a powerful youngster, fully trained and eager to help, and he stripped off his tunic at once.

1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 19, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

The old building seemed to be on the point of collapse.

(idiomatic) Very near to; ready to; just about to; such that something is imminent.


in favor of

Many people are in favor of capital punishment.

For; in support of; approving, supporting.

He left school after just three years in favor of a professional sports career.


daoibh

Alternative form of díobh (third-person plural of de)


quoad

From quod + ad (i.e. "ad quod"). See also quam, quandō, usque.


omwille van

A univerbation of om + wille used with van.


leamsa

Is leamsa an cù.

The dog is mine. (literally The dog is with me.)


aigesan

Aran form of aigesean: third-person singular masculine emphatic of ag


agadsa

Cois Fharraige and Ulster form of agatsa: second-person singular emphatic of ag


leibhse

with you, by you (plural or formal singular, emphatic)


leatsa

with you, by you (singular informal, emphatic)


ab ante

From ab (“away from”) + ante (“before”).


ab ante

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: ãnti ⇒ nãnti

Romanian: ainte ⇒ înainte

Italo-Romance:

desc

Italian: avanti, avante (obsolete, poetic) ⇒ davanti, davante

Sicilian: avanti

North Italian:

Ligurian: avànti

Romansch: avant, avon, aunz, avaunt

Venetan: vanti ⇒ invanti

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: avant

desctree

Old French: avant, avaunt
French: avant
Norman: avant
→ Middle English: avaunt

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: avant

→ Ibero-Romance:

Galician: avante

Mirandese: abante

Portuguese: avante

Spanish: avante
→ Tagalog: abante

Occitan: avant

Vulgar Latin:

*abanteāre (see there for further descendants)

*abantius

Catalan: abans

Occitan: abans

Sicilian: avanzi

et absconderunt se Adam et mulier eius abante faciem Domini Dei

c. 3rd–4th century CE, Vetus Latina, Genesis 3:8; republished as Bonifatius Fischer, editor, Vetus Latina. Die Reste der altlateinischen Bibel, volume 1, 1949, page 63:

and Adam and his wife hid themselves away from before the face of God

5th c. CE, Sergius (grammarian)

Nobody [who speaks correctly] says de post the forum', nor 'ab ante' it.

Nemo enim dicit de post forum, nemo enim ab ante.

(proscribed) away from before, in front of, before


ruinn

Alternative spelling of rinn (“with us”)


riutsa

rium (first-person singular)
riumsa (emphatic first-person singular)
riut (second-person singular)
riutsa (emphatic second-person singular)
ris (masculine singular third-person)
ris-san (emphatic masculine singular third-person)


riumsa

Bha e a' bruidhinn riumsa.


bhuaipe

bhuaipese (emphatic)
bhuam (first-person singular)
bhuamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
bhuat (second-person singular)
bhuatsa (emphatic second-person singular)
bhuaithe (masculine singular third-person)
bhuaithesan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)


bhuaithe

bhuaithesan (emphatic)
bhuam (first-person singular)
bhuamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
bhuat (second-person singular)
bhuatsa (emphatic second-person singular)
bhuaithe (masculine singular third-person)
bhuaithesan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)


bhuapa

bhuapasan (emphatic)
bhuam (first-person singular)
bhuamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
bhuat (second-person singular)
bhuatsa (emphatic second-person singular)
bhuaithe (masculine singular third-person)
bhuaithesan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)


bhuam

bhuamsa (emphatic)
bhuam (first-person singular)
bhuamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
bhuat (second-person singular)
bhuatsa (emphatic second-person singular)
bhuaithe (masculine singular third-person)
bhuaithesan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)

Dh’fhaodadh gu bheil rudan air an cumail bhuam a chum mo mhaith.

Perhaps things are kept from me for my good.


bhuainn

bhuainne (emphatic)
bhuam (first-person singular)
bhuamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
bhuat (second-person singular)
bhuatsa (emphatic second-person singular)
bhuaithe (masculine singular third-person)
bhuaithesan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)


bhuamsa

Agus Nollaig Chridheil bhuamsa cuideachd!.


bhuaibhse

from you (plural or formal singular, emphatic)


inntese

Superseded spelling of intise: emphatic form of innte


uime

From Old Irish immi. Cognate with Scottish Gaelic uime.

s:fr:Description d’un parler irlandais de Kerry

s:fr:Page:Description d'un parler de Kerry.pdf/117

Die araner mundart
s:de:Die araner mundart

IPA⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /ˈɪmʲə/


fodha

From Old Irish fóu. Cognates include Irish faoi and Manx fo.

Chaidh am bàta fodha.

The boat sank. (literally, “The boat went down.”)


fodhadsa

under you, below you (informal singular, emphatic)


fodhaibhse

under you, below you (plural or formal singular, emphatic)


fodhamsa

Bha fear eile na sheasamh fodhamsa.


tharadsa

beyond you (informal singular, emphatic)


tharamsa

Tha an ceist sin tharamsa.


tharaibhse

beyond you (plural or formal singular, emphatic)


uamsa

Ulster form of uaimse: first-person singular emphatic of ó


uaithe

Superseded spelling of uaithi (“from her”).


aiste

head

aiste f or m (genitive singular aiste, nominative plural aistí)

aiste (genitive singular)
aistí (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
aiste (indefinite singular)
aistí (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a aiste (indefinite singular)
a aistí (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an aiste (definite singular)
na haistí (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
na haiste (definite singular)
na n-aistí (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an aiste (definite singular)
don aiste (definite singular)
leis na haistí (definite plural)

From Old Irish aiste (“special quality, peculiarity”), possibly from Latin essentia (“essence, being”).

inh

(literary or academic) essay, composition


aiste

From Old Irish aiste, possibly from Latin essentia (“essence, being”). Cognate with Irish aiste.


tromhadsa

through you (informal singular, emphatic)


tromhamsa

Cha deach gaoir sam bith tromhamsa.

I felt no pain. (literally No pain went through me.)


tromhaibhse

through you (plural or formal singular, emphatic)


rinn

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


rinn

rinne (emphatic)
rium (first-person singular)
riumsa (emphatic first-person singular)
riut (second-person singular)
riutsa (emphatic second-person singular)
ris (masculine singular third-person)
ris-san (emphatic masculine singular third-person)


romhadsa

before you (informal singular, emphatic)


romhaibhse

before you (plural or formal singular, emphatic)


thugaibhse

to you (plural or formal singular, emphatic)


thugamsa

Thoir seo thugamsa!


chugaibh

look out! watch out! (to more than one person)


thugam

thugamsa (emphatic)
thugam (first-person singular)
thugamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
thugad (second-person singular)
thugadsa (emphatic second-person singular)
thuige (masculine singular third-person)
thuigesan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)

Cuir litir thugam, ma-thà.


thuige

thuigesan (emphatic)
thugam (first-person singular)
thugamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
thugad (second-person singular)
thugadsa (emphatic second-person singular)
thuige (masculine singular third-person)
thuigesan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)


thugaibh

thugaibhse (emphatic)
thugam (first-person singular)
thugamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
thugad (second-person singular)
thugadsa (emphatic second-person singular)
thuige (masculine singular third-person)
thuigesan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)


thuice

thuicese (emphatic)
thugam (first-person singular)
thugamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
thugad (second-person singular)
thugadsa (emphatic second-person singular)
thuige (masculine singular third-person)
thuigesan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)


thugad

thugadsa (emphatic)
thugam (first-person singular)
thugamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
thugad (second-person singular)
thugadsa (emphatic second-person singular)
thuige (masculine singular third-person)
thuigesan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)


thuca

thucasan (emphatic)
thugam (first-person singular)
thugamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
thugad (second-person singular)
thugadsa (emphatic second-person singular)
thuige (masculine singular third-person)
thuigesan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)


thugainn

head

thugainn (imperative, plural thugainnibh)

come along, let's go (second person singular)


ten gunste van

Literally, “to the favor of”; ten and gunste are congruent fossilized dative forms.


at the expense of

(finance) Paid for by an individual or group.


circiter

hunc locum circiter


circiter

(of place) on every side; near, round about

mediā circiter nocte

circiter pars quarta

(of number) near, close, about, approximately


in aid of

- What's that coaster in aid of?

- This table gets stained by cups very easily.

(UK, informal) for the sake of, for (usually placed at the end of a question when quizzing a person about why they have done something)


in the thick of

In the thick of the railway controversies of his day, Francis naturally had his prejudices. It seems that he cordially disliked the aristocracy in general.

1951 December, Michael Robbins, “John Francis's "History of the English Railway"”, in Railway Magazine, page 800:

His stories about Huey, Eleanor and Jack, and other bigwigs of various worlds, reveal a life lived in the thick of legend.

1991 August 24, Lewis Gannett, “Gore Stories”, in Gay Community News, volume 19, number 6, page 8:

Rooney was fit to return to United's line-up after missing two games with an ankle injury - and he was in the thick of the action right away as he raced on to Dimitar Berbatov's pass only to send a presentable finish wide from an acute angle.

2011 January 15, Phil McNulty, “Tottenham 0 - 0 Man Utd”, in BBC:

(idiomatic) In the middle of (something difficult).


in the light of

In the light of faith I gain wisdom in the wisdom of the Word your Son; in the light of faith I am strong, constant, persevering; in the light of faith I have hope: It does not let me faint along the way.

1980, Catherine of Siena, translated by Suzanne Noffke, The Dialogue, New Jersey: Paulist Press, page 365:

2005, Simon Blackburn, “hermeneutic circle," entry in The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy, page 165,
Similarly, we may hold that the past can only be understood in the light of the present, and the present only understood in the light of the past.

In the light of cases such as this, one should perhaps be careful about suggesting general disapproval of ‘consumer’ objections to wind farm development.

2007, Jane Holder, Maria Lee, Environmental Protection, Law and Policy: Text and Materials, page 712:

(figuratively, chiefly UK and Canada) Based on conclusions derived from (a source of knowledge, evidence or inspiration).


in bed with

People also ask me what was it like being in bed with Sean Connery. I said, ‘Fine.’

2020 November 3, Stuart Jeffries, quoting Tsai Chin, “Tsai Chin: 'What was it like being in bed with Sean Connery? Fine'”, in The Guardian:


with regard to

I am writing with regard to the advertisement that you placed in last week's Daily News.

The Last Wish has a lot on its mind with regard to its characters, especially Puss himself.

2022 December 20, Leigh Monson, “Puss In Boots: The Last Wish review: Antonio Banderas leads the best film yet in the Shrek franchise”, in AV Club:


as opposed to

in contrast to, rather than, instead of; particularly used in defining a concept by providing an example that does not fall inside the concept.


nga

From Proto-Albanian *en-ka and related to the preposition ka (“from, out, out of, to”). Cognate with Old Church Slavonic къ (kŭ, “to”).


à l'instar de

LL-Q150 (fra)-DenisdeShawi-à l'instar de.wav

Elle était superstitieuse, à l’instar des gens de cette époque.

She was superstitious, as the people of that period usually were.


by dint of

Hierocles [of Alexandria] in this Place follows the Thought of Socrates, who in the Phædon of Plato deplores the hard Fate of Men, who by dint of Hearing the Ignorant diſpute and contradict every thing, imagine with themſelves that there is no ſuch thing as clear, ſolid and ſenſible Reaſons; and perſuade themſelves that every thing is uncertain.

1707, [André] Dacier, “Verses XXI, XXII, and XXIII”, in [anonymous], transl., The Life of Pythagoras, with His Symbols and Golden Verses. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, footnote (a), page 265:

As a development organization, it [the United Nations Development Programme] competes with other parts of the UN system for funds and attention, but more especially with the World Bank, which has become a substantial presence in developing countries, in terms of resources and influence. UNDP has also retained a coordination role, by dint of history and because of its broad mandate. But the two roles do not sit easily.

2012, Stephen Browne, “The Future of the UN Development System”, in United Nations Development Programme and System, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, New York, N.Y.: Routledge, →ISBN, page 108:

This is a book about poverty. It is a book about why some people in seventeenth and early-eighteenth-century England ended up so destitute that they called upon formal poor relief for support. [...] You were more likely to end up poor if you were landless, or lived away from your relatives, or simply by dint of being female.

2014, Jonathan Healey, “Preface”, in The First Century of Welfare: Poverty and Poor Relief in Lancashire, 1620–1730, Woodbridge, Suffolk: The Boydell Press, Boydell & Brewer, →ISBN, page XII:

(by extension) Because of; by reason of.


arnot

(colloquial) (South Wales) second-person singular of ar


imb

Univerbation of ma’ + b’, fossilised in fixed impressions.

wiċċ imb wiċċ

ras imb ras

mpar

mbilli

Alternative form of b’ used in a few expressions.


lesh

lhiam (first-person singular)
lhiat (second-person singular)
lesh (masculine singular third-person)
lhee (singular)
lhien (first-person plural)
lhiu (plural second-person)
lhieu (plural third-person)
lhiams (emphatic first-person singular)
lhiats (emphatic second-person singular)
leshyn (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
lheeish (emphatic singular)
lhienyn (emphatic first-person plural)
lhiuish (emphatic plural second-person)
lhieusyn (emphatic plural third-person)

From Old Irish leiss (“with him, with it”) and lassin, lass (“with the”), from la (“with”).

Ersooyl lhiat!

Stiagh lhiat 'sy ghleashtan.


etir

Scottish Gaelic: idir

Ɔna tíssed etir in dígal; níba samlid insin, acht du·fïastar tra cenn-som.

So that the punishment should not come at all; that will not be so, but punishment will be inflicted because of them.

amal ní bimmis fíu ní etir


meriu

with you/ye


erriu

on you/ye


erriuish

on you/ye (emphatic)

Erriuish yn loght. The fault lies with you.

Ta accrys erriuish as orroosyn. You and they are hungry.


subter

From sub (“under”) + -ter.
The accusative from instrumental/ablative and accusative is from Proto-Indo-European *-teros used adverbially. The ablative is by analogy with sub.

Supra et subter.


meriuish

with you/ye (emphatic)

Lhig dou çheet meriuish.


reue

before you (formal)


i stället för

Jag cyklade i stället för att ta bussen.


úas

Irish: os

Scottish Gaelic: os

From Proto-Celtic *ouxsos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ewps-. Cognate with Welsh uwch, Ancient Greek ὕψι (húpsi) and Proto-Slavic *vysь.

.i. aesca bís co mmatain os talam

i.e. the moon that continues over the earth till morning

c. 9th century, Int én bec, in The Blackbird by Belfast Loch in Early Irish lyrics, eighth to twelfth century (1956; Oxford University Press) edited by Gerard Murphy, with translation by David Stifter
Fo·ceird faíd ós Loch Laíg, lon do chraíb charnbuidi.
He casts a cry over Loch Laíg, the blackbird from the yellow-heaped branch.


prae

From Proto-Italic *prai, from Proto-Indo-European *préh₂i. Cognate with Old Latin *pri (“before”), as in prior, prīdiē, etc. Other Italic cognates include Oscan 𐌐𐌓𐌀𐌉 (prai) and Umbrian 𐌐𐌓𐌄 (pre).
The ablative is from the PIE locative.


prae

Eastern Romance:

Romanian: prea

prae ea urbe

27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I.6


palam

Either:
* the ending was taken from clam,
* it is a locative Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₂emi or *pl̥h₂ēm,
* it is an accusative Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₂eh₂m
all from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (“flat”).
Cognate with Old Church Slavonic полѥ (polje) (whence Bulgarian and Russian поле (pole, “field”)), Old Armenian հող (hoł, “earth, soil”), German West-falen.

openly in the presence of someone, openly before someone


at the hand of

[…]Alaeddin ate and drank and was cheered and after he had rested and had recovered spirits he cried, "Ah, O my mother, I have a sore grievance against thee for leaving me to that accursed wight who strave to compass my destruction and designed to take my life. Know that I beheld Death with mine own eyes at the hand of this damned wretch, whom thou didst certify to be my uncle;[…]

1885–1888, Richard F[rancis] Burton, transl. and editor, “Night 532”, in Supplemental Nights to the Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night […], Shammar edition, volume (please specify the volume), [London]: […] Burton Club […], →OCLC:


cũ

Aut cũ gargariſmis maturatiuis & apertiuis:vt eſt decoctio ficuum dactilorũ fenugreci addendo fermentum.

1537, Guy de Chauliac, Joannes Baptistia Cortesius, Chirurgia Guidonis de Cauliaco […], Messanæ, page 73:


going on

It's going on three o'clock.

"How old are you?" ―"Going on nineteen."

Indicates a time or age in the very near future.


fíad

fíad (nominative singular)
fíad (dual nominative)
fíadae (nominative plural)
fíad (singular vocative)
fíad (dual vocative)
fíadu (plural vocative)
fíad (accusative singular)
fíad (accusative dual)
fíadu (accusative plural)
fíado (genitive singular)
fíada (genitive singular)
fíado (dual genitive)
fíada (dual genitive)
fíadae (genitive plural)
fíad (dative singular)
fíadaib (dative dual)
fíadaib (dative plural)

Irish: fia

Manx: feeaih

Scottish Gaelic: fiadh


in the eyes of

2004, Ian Buruma, Avishai Margalit, Occidentalism: The West in the Eyes of Its Enemies, Penguin, →ISBN:

Suddenly she felt an insidious suspicion. She saw this version of Brian in the eyes of the world, and she saw herself, too. Did people think he was basically a moron? Did they laugh at her for being with him?

2008, Ann Brashares, The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants 2, Random House, →ISBN:

In the opinion of, from the perspective of, as far as concerns.

[…]から見た ( […] kara mita, literally “seen from […] ”)

[…]から見れば ( […] kara mireba, literally “if seen from […] ”)


midis

Most likely a variant of mjedis. More at mjedis.


në

From Proto-Albanian *ana, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enō (“along a slanted surface, etc.”), from *h₂én (“on, upon, onto, up to”). Cognate to Ancient Greek ἀνά (aná, “on, upwards, along”), Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌰 (ana, “on, in, against, because of, about”), English on, and Old Prussian no, na (“on (where), against, about there”).


në

në më do, mos më plas


with an eye to

We read the contract with an eye to finding a way out of it.

We read the contract with an eye to its renegotiation.

We read the contract with an eye to how it could be made to look to voters.

(idiomatic) With an intention, goal, or consideration to.


μεταξύ

grc-adverb

μετᾰξῠ́ • (metăxŭ́)

μετᾰξῠ́ (canonical)
metăxŭ́ (romanization)


μεταξύ

grc-prep

μετᾰξῠ́ • (metăxŭ́) (governs the genitive)


in the way of

He had seen Death many times, - met him in the way of trade, and got acquainted with him.

1851 June – 1852 April, Harriet Beecher Stowe, chapter 12, in Uncle Tom’s Cabin; or, Life among the Lowly, volume (please specify |volume=I or II), Boston, Mass.: John P[unchard] Jewett & Company; Cleveland, Oh.: Jewett, Proctor & Worthington, published 20 March 1852, →OCLC:

Of what that involves in the way of doctrine I have no idea nor the time to inform myself.

1879, Robert Louis Stevenson, chapter 13, in Travels with a Donkey in the Cévennes, 1st American edition, Boston, Mass.: Roberts Brothers, →OCLC:

Certainly their extracurricular talents in the way of sport have not gone unnoticed.

2011 September 2, Sonia van Gilder Cooke, “Harvard's a Bargain — If You're From the U.K.”, in Time:

(idiomatic) In relation to; in connection with; with respect to.


with a view to

We read the contract with a view to finding a way out of it.

We read the contract with a view to its renegotiation.

We read the contract with a view to how it could be made to appeal to voters.

(idiomatic) With the intention of, with the goal of (followed by a noun or a gerund).


in aghaidh

head

in aghaidh (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)

From Middle Irish i n-agid (“against”, literally “in the face of”), from Old Irish agad (“face”).


praeter

→ English: preter-, praeter-, præter-

→ Esperanto: preter

Continuing Proto-Italic *praiteros, from Proto-Indo-European *préh₂i (“before, across”) + *-teros (“contrastive suffix”). Equivalent to prae + -ter.


absque

Lombard: asca


'am

Galway form of agam: first-person singular of ag


coram

From co- + ōs, ōris (“mouth”).
The ablative is from the PIE comitative-instrumental.

Non habebis deos alienos coram me.

Thou shalt have no other gods before me.


καθ'

grc-preposition

καθ’ • (kath’) (governs the genitive and accusative)

Apocopic form of κατά (katá) (used before a rough breathing)


κατ'

κᾰτ’ • (kăt’) (governs the genitive and accusative)


by way of

Thoreau, too, come to think of it, was, by way of being a prophet, a pioneer in this Emancipation of Man from Bothery.

1898, H. G. Wells, “The Trouble of Life”, in Certain Personal Matters, pages 16–17:

"From what you tell me, he's by way of being the brains of the family."

1921, P. G. Wodehouse, Jeeves in the Springtime:

(UK, often followed by being) Possessing the characteristics, nature, or standing of; in the state or condition of.

par le fait de

possessing the characteristics, nature, or standing of


in respect of

Regarding; concerning; pertaining to; with reference to.


μετ'

μετ’ • (met’) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative)


μεθ'

μεθ' • (meth') (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative)

Apocopic form of μετά (metá) (used before a rough breathing)


tar cenn

tarm chenn (first-person singular)
tara chenn (accusative masculine neuter singular third-person)
dara chenn (accusative masculine neuter singular third-person)
tara cenn (accusative feminine singular third-person)
tra cenn (accusative feminine singular third-person)
dar far cenn (plural second-person)
dar far cenn-si (emphatic plural second-person)
tara cenn (accusative plural third-person)
tra cenn (accusative plural third-person)
tara cenn-som (accusative emphatic plural third-person)
tra cenn-som (accusative emphatic plural third-person)

Bíuu-sa oc irbáig dar far cenn-si fri Maccidóndu.

I am boasting about you to the Macedonians.

As·ririu-sa mo chumang dar far cenn.

I will expend my power on your pl behalf.

dum·em-se ⁊ deich tarm chenn


down to

Are you down to go to the cinema?

What type of person you become is down to you.

So I guess the cooking is now down to me.

Within the responsibility or influence of.

The failure was down to total neglect.

It's down to me, the way she talks when she's spoken to / Down to me, the change has come, she's under my thumb.

1966, The Rolling Stones, Under My Thumb:

The intermittent signal dropout was down to a faulty connection which he'd fixed in seconds.

That difficulty is down to significant natural variations in average Antarctic stratospheric springtime ozone levels from year to year

2011 May 16, James Mitchell Crow, “First signs of ozone-hole recovery spotted”, in Nature:


rreth

sq-noun

rreth m (plural rrathë, definite rrethi, definite plural rrathët)

rrathë (plural)
rrethi (definite)
rrathët (definite plural)
rreth (indefinite nominative singular)
rrethi (definite nominative singular)
rrathë (indefinite nominative plural)
rrathët (definite nominative plural)
rreth (accusative indefinite singular)
rrethin (accusative definite singular)
rrathë (accusative indefinite plural)
rrathët (accusative definite plural)
rrethi (dative indefinite singular)
rrethit (dative definite singular)
rrathëve (dative indefinite plural)
rrathëve (dative definite plural)
rrethi (ablative indefinite singular)
rrethit (ablative definite singular)
rrathësh (ablative indefinite plural)
rrathëve (ablative definite plural)

From Proto-Albanian *ratsa, from *rat(i)tsa, from pre-Albanian *róth₂iḱom, diminutive of Proto-Indo-European *Hrot-h₂-ó- (“wheel”), from *Hret- (“to roll”) (compare Lithuanian rãtas, German Rad). Plural formation of rrath.

(politics, historical) district (former subdivision of Albania)


prai

Latin: prae

Oscan: 𐌐𐌓𐌀𐌉 (prai)

Umbrian: 𐌐𐌓𐌄 (pre)

From Proto-Indo-European *préh₂i (“before, in front of”).


ten aanzien van

(somewhat formal) in relation to, concerning


μέχρις

grc-preposition

μέχρις • (mékhris) (governs the genitive)


përmbi

From Proto-Albanian *per-ambi. Reanalyzable as për + mbi.


ndër

From Proto-Albanian *enter, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁entér (“between”); compare Latin inter. See also ndë (“in”), ndën, nën (“under”).


mbi

From Proto-Albanian *(V)(m)pi, perhaps from a compound of , from *h₂én (“on”) + *h₁(é)pi, *h₁ópi (“by, near, at”); otherwise just the latter component and phonetically influenced by mbë. Compare Ancient Greek ἐπί (epí, “on, to, towards”), Sanskrit अपि (ápi), Avestan 𐬀𐬌𐬞𐬌 (aⁱpi), Old Persian [script needed] (apiy), Old Armenian եւ (ew), Latin ob, and Old English bī (English by).

cog

hipi mbi çati

doli mbi ujë

(came out) appeared on the water's surface

dy gradë mbi zero

mbi çati

mbi ujë


për

From Proto-Albanian *per(i), from Proto-Indo-European *peri (“leading (out) across”). Cognate to Latin per (“through, over”), Sanskrit परि (parí, “(a)round”).


jashtë

From Proto-Albanian *e(k)šta, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs-to- (compare Ancient Greek ἐκτός (ektós, “outside”)), suffixed form of *h₁eǵʰs, whence Latin ex (compare also extra, exter from *h₁eǵʰs-tro-, *h₁eǵʰs-ter), Ancient Greek ἐξ (ex), Old Church Slavonic из (iz). Compare the now obsolete Albanian ith, probably from *h₁eǵʰs, and ish derived from a variant form *eḱs.


sipër

A recombination of përsipër (“up there, above”) < për s' epër where së epër is the ablative of (i) epër.


exadversum

[ɛks̠äd̪ˈu̯ɛrs̠ʊ̃ˑ]


exadversum

[ɛks̠äd̪ˈu̯ɛrs̠ʊ̃ˑ]


indu

Latin: in (see there for further descendants)

Old Latin endo, from Proto-Italic *endo, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥dó (“in, inside, into”). Compare Ancient Greek ἔνδον (éndon, “in, within”).


go dtí

head

go dtí (plus nominative, triggers no mutation, may take the dative in colloquial language)

ga-prep

The conjunction go (“until”) followed by an archaic subjunctive of tar (“come”). From Old Irish co tí (“until”, literally “until it come”), from co (“until”, nasalising conjunct particle) + tí (“come”, 3sg present subjunctive of do·icc).

compound

3sg present subjunctive of <i class="Latn mention" lang="sga">do·icc</i>


adusque

[äˈd̪ʊs̠kʷɛ]


rrëzë

sq-noun

rrëzë f (plural rrëza, definite rrëza, definite plural rrëzat)

rrëza (plural)
rrëza (definite)
rrëzat (definite plural)
rrëzë (indefinite nominative singular)
rrëza (definite nominative singular)
rrëza (indefinite nominative plural)
rrëzat (definite nominative plural)
rrëzë (accusative indefinite singular)
rrëzën (accusative definite singular)
rrëza (accusative indefinite plural)
rrëzat (accusative definite plural)
rrëzeje (dative indefinite singular)
rrëzës (dative definite singular)
rrëzave (dative indefinite plural)
rrëzave (dative definite plural)
rrëzeje (ablative indefinite singular)
rrëzës (ablative definite singular)
rrëzash (ablative indefinite plural)
rrëzave (ablative definite plural)

Denasalized variant of dialectal rrënzë, diminutive of rrënjë (“root”) in -zë.


prej

From Proto-Albanian *prei, from Proto-Indo-European *prō (“forward, in front of, before”), close to Greek πρωΐ (proḯ, “early, in the morning”), and Old High German fruoi (“id”).


brenda

From Proto-Albanian *(en) per en ta, from Proto-Indo-European *én per én tód, a sequence of particles.


uatha

From Old Irish úathad, óthad, úaithed (“a small number, a few; the singular number”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewtos.


uatha

head

uatha m (genitive singular uatha, nominative plural uathaí)

uatha (genitive singular)
uathaí (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
uatha (indefinite singular)
uathaí (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a uatha (indefinite singular)
a uathaí (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an t-uatha (definite singular)
na huathaí (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an uatha (definite singular)
na n-uathaí (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an uatha (definite singular)
don uatha (definite singular)
leis na huathaí (definite plural)


uatha

uathasan (emphatic)
uatha
n-uatha
huatha

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

Superseded spelling of uathu (“from them”).


uls

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“beyond, other”). Compare Latin alius.
The accusative is from the pre-PIE directional.

der

Uls Catō prō ultrā posuit.

1839 [8th century CE], Paulus Diaconus, edited by Karl Otfried Müller, Excerpta ex libris Pompeii Festi De significatione verborum, page 379, line 3:


ndë

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥dó (“inside”). Cognate with Greek ἔνδον (éndon, “within”), Hittite 𒀭𒁕 (/anda/, “in”).


ἄχρι

Zero grade of μέχρῐ (mékhrĭ), from Proto-Indo-European *méǵʰ(s)ri.
The genitive is from the PIE ablative of comparison/extent.

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 18.370

341 BCE, Demosthenes, Third Philippic 28

330 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Crown 179

Apollodorus, The Disappearing Man 1

638 BCE – 558 BCE, Solon, Collected Works 12.35

200 BCE – 100 BCE, Timostratus, Asotos 1

125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, Timon 39

46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Cicero 6

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.138

420 BCE – 380 BCE, Timaeus of Locri, Collected Works 101A

60 BCE – 7 BCE, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities 2.43

even to, as far as
(of space) as far as, even to

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Aristocrates 122

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Symposium 4.37

341 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Chersonese 77

even to, as far as
(of measure or degree) up to this point


ἄχρι

head

ἄχρῐ • (ákhrĭ)

grc-conjunction

ἄχρῐ • (ákhrĭ)

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 6.4.37

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 2.3.2

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Collected Works 884F

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Collected Works 553

150—50 BC, Bion, Collected Works 1.47

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.117

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 5.4.16

125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, How to Write History 9


ἔμπροσθεν

grc-adverb

ἔμπροσθεν • (émprosthen)

From ἐν (en, “in”) + πρόσθεν (prósthen, “before”).

af

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus 277D

380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 448E

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 773E


ὀπίσω

grc-adverb

ὀπίσω • (opísō)

Greek: πίσω (píso)

Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme

The usual explanation is to regard the base *ὀπί- (*opí-) < Proto-Hellenic *opí, *opi- < Proto-Indo-European *opí, as an ablaut variant of ἐπί (epí), ἐπι- (epi-) (from Proto-Indo-European *epí). Compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀃𐀠 (o-pi, “on”), Luwian [Term?] (/appi/, “back”), Latin op- (“upon”) (in for example operio (“to cover”)), Lithuanian api- (“about”).
Dunkel instead derives ὀπίσσω (opíssō) < Proto-Hellenic *opissō < Proto-Indo-European *op-ityo-o (“back, later”, adverb), from Proto-Indo-European *op-ityo- (“hindmost, rear”, adjective). Compare Hittite [script needed] (appezziya, “later”, adverb) and [script needed] (appezziya-, “hindmost, rear”, adjective). The base is thus Proto-Indo-European *óp, an ablaut variant of *áp (“away, back, after”, adverb), compare Latin ab (“away, from”), which fits much better semantically.
For the suffix compare πρόσσω (próssō), περισσός (perissós), εἴσω (eísō), and μέτασσαι (métassai, “those born later”).

cog

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.75


πλήν

head

πλήν • (plḗn)

grc-conjunction

πλήν • (plḗn)

Greek: πλην (plin)

From Proto-Indo-European *pelh₂- (“to approach”). Cognate with πέλας (pélas), πλησίος (plēsíos), ἔμπλην (émplēn, “near, close by”) and many more in root page.
Compare the meaning and history of English besides.

der

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.32

60 BCE – 7 BCE, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities 1.23

380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 456A

155 CE – 235 CE, Cassius Dio, Collected Works 72.19

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 6.88

(with ὅσον (hóson)) except or save so far as

429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 1509

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 7.23

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 670A

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 856D

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics 1124B.30

(without a verb expressed) save so far as

except, save
except or save so far as
save so far as

200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 1.69.14

200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 2.17.1

53 CE – 55 CE, Paul the Apostle, First Epistle to the Corinthians 11:11

200 BCE – 100 BCE, Diogenes of Oenoanda, Oenoandan Inscription 8

46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Pericles 34

46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Pyrrhus 5

125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, Prometheus 20

125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, Dialogues of the Dead 13.3

125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, Dialogues of the Dead 20.4

125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, A Professor of Public Speaking 24

(to break off and pass to another subject) only

introducing a clause; to break off and pass to another subject; to break off and pass to another subject


ἐκτός

grc-adverb

ἐκτός • (ektós)

From ἐκ (ek, “out”), formed on the model of ἐντός (entós, “within, inside”). Cognate with Old Irish acht (“but, provided that”), Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌿 (aiþþau, “or, otherwise”).

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.80

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 1.2.3

380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 474D

53 CE – 55 CE, Paul the Apostle, First Epistle to the Corinthians 15:2

125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, The Fisherman 6

200 CE – 400 CE, Heliodorus of Emesa, Aethiopica 10.5

413 BCE, Euripides, Ion 231

200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 2.4.8

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 629D

200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 2.47.10


ἐκτός

Greek: εκτός (ektós)

→ English: ecto-

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 14.13

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 21.608

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 12.219

409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 1260

522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 4.289

405 BCE, Aristophanes, The Frogs 995

262 BCE – 190 BCE, Apollonius of Perga, Conics 1.8

6th century BC, Theognis of Megara, Elegies 754

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.133

525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 332

409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 504

442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 614

497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Fragments 724

380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 523B

380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 498C

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Epidemics 7.90

497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 640

442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 330

416 BCE, Euripides, Herakles 771


usque ad

[ˈuːs̠kʷɛ äd̪]

(Medieval Latin) according to, after, in accordance with, in keeping with


ꝯ

Hi ꝯ uno eodemque tempore accesserunt, […]

c. 1588, Johannes Aurifaber, Hans Crol, [List of Tycho Brahe's Pupils and Assistants], quoted in Tycho Brahe: a picture of scientific life and work in the sixteenth century, published 1890, page 382:

These came together at one and the same time, […]


maidir le

head

maidir le (plus nominative, triggers h-prothesis, before the definite article maidir leis)

/ˈmˠɑdʲəɾʲ lʲə/

/ˈmˠadʲəɾʲ lʲə/

First attested in the early 19th century. Perhaps a univerbation of Middle Irish mad (“if it be”) + do leith (“with respect”) + re (“to”), a variant of mad i leith fri which gave mar le.

maidir lena

combined with the possessive determiner a

maidir lenár

combined with the first-person plural possessive determiner ár


latt

Alternative spelling of lat: second-person singular of la (“with”)


ὑπ'

grc-preposition

ῠ̔π’ • (hŭp’) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative)


ὑππρό

Contraction of ὑποπρό (hupopró, “just before”)


ὑποπρό

ὑποπρό • (hupopró) (governs the genitive)

Univerbation of ὑπὸ πρό (hupò pró, “just before”), from ὑπό (hupó, “underneath”) + πρό (pró, “before”).

300 BCE – 250 BCE, Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 4.178


amal

Irish: amhail


clanculum

[ˈkɫ̪äŋkʊɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]

(with accusative or, rarely, ablative) without the knowledge of, unknown to


in right of

In right of her being president of the Board, she is also the chair of Board meetings.

The husband held title to the land in right of his wife (see also jure uxoris).

(law) a power held as a consequence of another power, or held as a consequence of a relationship


de ex

Catalan: des

French: dès

Mozarabic: דש (dš)

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: des
Galician: des
Portuguese: dês

Spanish: des

ca. 400 CE, Vetus Itala (Codex Vindobonensis 1185)

coniugi karissimae vixit cum eo de ex die virginitatis sue

for his cherished wife [who] lived with him from the day of her maidenhood

836 CE, Italy
Signum manus Aribaldi de ex genere Francorum avitator civitatis Mediolani

[This is] the signature from the hand of Aribaldus, a Milanese man of Frankish origin


chugat

/ˈ(h)ʊɡəd̪ˠ/


fairis

head

fairis (plus dative, triggers no mutation)

Alternative form of fara (used before the definite article)


ἄπο

anastrophe of ἀπό (apó) (used when ἀπό follows its noun)


ἐνί

grc-preposition

ἐνί • (ení) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative)

(poetic) Alternative form of ἐν (en, “in”)


ἐς

(Epic, Ionic, Aeolic, poetic Attic) Alternative form of εἰς (eis, “into”)


in the process of

I found him in the process of completing that article about periscopes.

It is still in the process of installation.

(often followed by the -ing form of a verb) Engaged in, but not finished with.


περ

περ • (per) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative)

Thessalian and Delphic form of περί (perí)


in the middle of

I found him in the middle of a custody battle with his first wife.

He is still in the middle of a complex installation.

(often followed by the -ing form of a verb) Engaged in, but not finished with, often with something unpleasant.


νόσφιν

grc-adverb

νόσφῐν • (nósphĭn)

νόσφῐν (canonical)
nósphĭn (romanization)

Alternative form of νόσφι (nósphi) with movable nu


νόσφι

νόσφῐ • (nósphĭ)

From Proto-Indo-European *nes- (“to return home”) + -φῐ (-phĭ).

der

(of location) away, far away, at a distance, absent


νόσφι

(of location) far from; in the absence of, apart from, without


τηλόθι

grc-adverb

τηλόθῐ • (tēlóthĭ)

τηλόθῐ (canonical)
tēlóthĭ (romanization)

Related to τῆλε (têle) and τηλοῦ (tēloû), with -θι (-thi, locative adverb suffix).


τηλόθι

grc-preposition

τηλόθῐ • (tēlóthĭ) (governs the genitive)


παρ'

πᾰρ’ • (păr’) (governs the genitive and dative)


uathasan

Superseded spelling of uathusan: third-person plural emphatic of ó


leob

Galway form of leo: third-person plural of le


léithi

Alternative form of léi: third-person singular feminine of le


dhaoibh

Alternative form of daoibh (both etymologies)


ortha

orthasan (emphatic)
ortha
n-ortha
hortha


ἐπ'

ἐπ’ • (ep’) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative)


πάρ

πᾰ́ρ • (pắr) (governs the genitive and dative)


ἀμφ'

ἀμφ’ • (amph’) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative)


πάρος

grc-adverb

πάρος • (páros)

From Proto-Hellenic *pəros, from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂ós.


ἀντίον

grc-preposition

ἀντίον • (antíon) (governs the genitive)

From ἀντίος (antíos): the adverb/preposition is from the adverbial accusative, and the noun is from the neuter singular.
Formally identical to Hittite 𒄩𒀭𒍝𒀭 (ḫa-an-za-an /ḫanzan/) as if from Proto-Indo-European *h₂entíom, though the parallel formations in Greek and Hittite may be independent.


ἔπι

ἔπι • (épi) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative)

stress-shifted form of ἐπί (epí) (when used postpositionally)


ἔπι

Alternative form of ἔπεστι (épesti): third-person singular present active indicative of ἔπειμι (épeimi)


προτί

προτί • (protí) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative)


au ras de

Ils ont des locks au ras de la mer pour empêcher l’eau salée de rentrer durant les chesseresses.

They have locks near the Gulf to stop salt water from coming inland during droughts.


ποτί

ποτί • (potí) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative)

From Proto-Hellenic *poti; equivalent to πρός (prós), but along with πός (pós) from Proto-Indo-European *pós.


κάδ

κάδ • (kád) (governs the genitive and accusative)

Epic form of κατά (katá) (used before δέ (dé), δ’ (d’))


ἐφ'

ἐφ’ • (eph’) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative)

Apocopic form of ἐπί (epí) (used before the rough breathing)


δι'

δι’ • (di’) (governs the genitive and accusative)


πρόσθεν

grc-adverb

πρόσθεν • (prósthen)

From πρός (prós, “toward”) + -θεν (-then).


ἐγγύθεν

grc-preposition

ἐγγῠ́θεν • (engŭ́then) (governs the dative and genitive)

ἐγγῠ́θεν (canonical)
engŭ́then (romanization)

From ἐγγῠ́ς (engŭ́s, “near”) + -θεν (-then).


ἔνι

ἔνι • (éni) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative)


ὕπο

ὕπο • (húpo) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative)


προπάροιθε

προπάροιθε • (propároithe) (governs the genitive)


πέρι

πέρῐ • (pérĭ) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative)


εἰν

εἰν • (ein) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative)


ἀπάνευθε

grc-adverb

ἀπάνευθε • (apáneuthe)

From ἀπο- (apo-) + ἄνευ (áneu) + -θε (-the).


ἄντα

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂éntm̥, accusative singular of *h₂énts.


ἀν'

grc-preposition

ἀν’ • (an’) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative)


κάτα

grc-noun

κάτα • (káta) f (genitive —); first declension


πάρα

grc-preposition

πᾰ́ρᾰ • (pắră) (governs the genitive and dative)


πάρα

grc-verb form

πᾰ́ρᾰ • (pắră)


ὑφ'

grc-preposition

ὑφ’ • (huph’) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative)

Apocopic form of ὑπό (hupó) (before a rough breathing)


ἀγχοῦ

grc-adverb

ἀγχοῦ • (ankhoû)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂enǵʰ- (“to tighten”) (whence ἄγχι (ánkhi) and ἄγχω (ánkhō)).

der

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.172

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 17.526

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 19.271

680 BCE – 645 BCE, Archilochus, Supplement 3.3

497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 962


roimis

Munster form of roimhe (“already, before”)


à la merci de

LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-à la merci de.wav

Les serfs sont à la merci de leur seigneur.

The serfs are at the mercy of their lord.

avoir quelqu’un à sa merci


atot

(colloquial) (South Wales) second-person singular of at


fríd

head

fríd f (genitive singular fríde, nominative plural frídí or frídeacha)

fríde (genitive singular)
frídí (nominative plural)
frídeacha (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
fríd (indefinite singular)
frídí (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a fhríd (indefinite singular)
a fhrídí (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
fríde (indefinite singular)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an fhríd (definite singular)
na frídí (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
na fríde (definite singular)
na bhfrídí (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an bhfríd (definite singular)
don fhríd (definite singular)
leis na frídí (definite plural)

From earlier frighid, originally the dative singular of frigh, from Middle Irish frige.


agam-sa

Superseded spelling of agamsa (“at me”): first-person singular emphatic of ag


ionnta

Superseded spelling of iontu (third-person plural form of i (“in”)).


le n-a chois

le n-a chois (emphatic le n-a chois-sean)


fróm

Alternative form of faram (“along with me, beside me; in addition to me; as good as me”)


ἐντός

From Proto-Hellenic *entós, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éntos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én.


i strid med

going against; in violation of, in conflict with, in breach of, contrary to, etc.


tack vare

tack (“thanks”) + vare (“be (subjunctive)”). Similar to Norwegian Nynorsk takk vere.

af

Tack vare två övervakningskameror har vi tillgång till videobevis för de begångna brotten

Thanks to two surveillance cameras, we have access to video evidence for the committed crimes

thanks to, normally used with a positive connotation, though it can be used sarcastically


πρόσθε

grc-preposition

πρόσθε • (prósthe) (governs the genitive)

(poetic) Alternative form of πρόσθεν (prósthen, “before”)


ἀφ'

Apocopic form of ἀπό (apó) used before vowel with rough breathing


κρύφα

grc-prep

κρῠ́φᾰ • (krŭ́phă) (governs the genitive)

κρῠ́φᾰ (canonical)
krŭ́phă (romanization)

From the root of κρῠ́πτω (krŭ́ptō, “to hide”).


ἑκατέρωθεν

ἑκᾰτέρωθεν • (hekătérōthen) (governs the genitive)

ἑκᾰτέρωθεν (canonical)
hekătérōthen (romanization)

ἑκᾰτέρω (hekătérō, “either”, dual) + -θεν (-then)


ἄπωθεν

grc-adv

ᾰ̓́πωθεν • (ắpōthen)

ᾰ̓́πωθεν (canonical)
ắpōthen (romanization)


ἄπωθεν

grc-prep

ᾰ̓́πωθεν • (ắpōthen) (governs the genitive)


i n-aicci

head

i n-aicci (with the genitive or possessive determiner)

hóre is na n-aicci ataí


fo chosmailius

a n-imbed són ind slóig do·lega na ní téte, fo chosmailius dílenn

the abundance of the army which destroys whatever it comes to, like a deluge


ἀέκητι

grc-prep

ἀέκητῐ • (aékētĭ) (governs the genitive)

ἀέκητῐ (canonical)
aékētĭ (romanization)

From ἀ- (a-) + ἕκητι (hékēti), from Proto-Indo-European *weḱ- (“to wish, want”) (compare ἑκών (hekṓn, “willingly”)).


ἔντοσθεν

grc-adverb

ἔντοσθεν • (éntosthen)


ἔντοσθεν

grc-preposition

ἔντοσθεν • (éntosthen) (governs the genitive)


ten tijde van

Afrikaans: ten tye van


ἄνευθεν

grc-adverb

ἄνευθεν • (áneuthen)


παρέξ

grc-prep

πᾰρέξ • (păréx) (governs the genitive and accusative)


πάροιθεν

πάροιθεν • (pároithen) (governs the genitive)

From the root of πάρος (páros) with the suffix -θεν (-then).


in regard to

I am writing in regard to the advertisement that you placed in last week's Daily News.


ἄτερ

From Proto-Indo-European *sn̥Hter (whence also Proto-Germanic *sunder (“apart, separately”)), from *senH- (whence ᾰ̓́νευ (ắneu), Latin sine and Sanskrit सनितुर् (sanitúr)).


παραί

grc-prep

πᾰραί • (păraí) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative)


προπάροιθεν

grc-preposition

προπάροιθεν • (propároithen) (governs the genitive)

Alternative form of προπάροιθε (propároithe) with movable nu


προπάροιθεν

grc-adverb

προπάροιθεν • (propároithen)


përmby

Gheg variant of Tosk and Standard Albanian përmbi. Compound për (“for, per”) + mby (“on, onto, upon”). See mbi for more.


përmy

Loss of /b/ sound in mby (Gheg alternative of Tosk "mbi"). "Përmy" is the Gheg variant of Tosk and Standard Albanian përmbi. Compound për (“for, per”) + my (“on, onto, upon”). See mbi for more.


mby

Gheg variant of Tosk and Standard Albanian mbi. See mbi for more.


τηλοῦ

Related to τῆλε (têle) and τηλόθι (tēlóthi)


λάθρῃ

λάθρῃ • (láthrēi)

From the root of λανθάνω (lanthánō, “to escape notice”).


μεσηγύ

μεσηγύ • (mesēgú)


ἔντοσθε

grc-preposition

ἔντοσθε • (éntosthe) (governs the genitive)

Alternative form of ἔντοσθεν (éntosthen)


ἀπάνευθεν

grc-adverb

ἀπάνευθεν • (apáneuthen)

Alternative form of ἀπάνευθε (apáneuthe) with movable nu


ἀπάνευθεν

grc-preposition

ἀπάνευθεν • (apáneuthen) (governs the genitive)


by vice of

(idiomatic) Because of (something unfavorable, immoral, negative, etc.)


fo réir

Irish: faoi réir

Is bés trá dosom anísiu cosc inna mban i tossug et a tabairt fo chumacte a feir, armbat irlamu de ind ḟir fo chumacte Dǽi, co·mbí íarum coscitir ind ḟir et do·airbertar fo réir Dǽ.

This, then, is a custom of his, to correct the wives at first and to bring them under the power of their husbands, so that the husbands may be the readier under God’s power, so that afterwards the husbands are corrected and bowed down in subjection to God.

under the domination of, at the service of, obedient to, in subjection to


ἐξοπίσω

grc-prep

ἐξοπίσω • (exopísō) (governs the genitive)

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 17.357

497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Fragments 534


dar éisi

dara n-ési (accusative plural third-person)

Irish: tar éis

Mad ar lóg pridcha-sa, .i. ar m’étiuth et mo thoschith, ním·bia fochricc dar hési mo precepte.

If I preach for pay, that is, for my clothing and my sustenance, I shall not have a reward for my teaching.

As·riri Día dígail dar⟨a n-⟩ési.

Nach torbatu coitchenn ro·boí indib fri dénum n-uilc, at·rubalt tar hǽsi á pectha.

Any common advantage that had been in them for doing evil, it has perished for their sin.


ἔκτοσθεν

grc-adverb

ἔκτοσθεν • (éktosthen)


ten behoeve van

De gemeente heeft meer investeringen in sportfaciliteiten toegezegd ten behoeve van de gezondheid en sociale participatie van jongeren.

The municipality has promised more investments in sports facilities for the benefit of young people's health and social participation.

(formal) for the benefit of, in the interests of, on behalf of


ar tí

From Middle Irish for tí (“in pursuit of, attempting to”).

inh

Nuair do chuir an bhuachaill a chos ar an phlainc, le dul tar an pholl, lúb sí síos san uisge, ar mhodh go robh an t‑ógánach ar tí bheith báithte, gur rinne sé é féin do choisreagadh, ⁊ ar an móimid d’éirigh an phlainc cómh daingean le Gaigeán, ⁊ léim an mada dubh síos ’san pholl as a bhealach.

1894 March 9, Peadar Mac Fionnlaoigh, “An rí nach robh le fagháil bháis”, in Irisleabhar na Gaedhilge, volume 1:5, Dublin: Gaelic Union, pages 185–88:

When the boy put his foot on the plank to cross the pool, it bent down into the water, so that the youth was on the point of being drowned, till he crossed himself; and in a moment it became as firm as Gaigean, and the black dog jumped down into the pool out of his way.


νέρθεν

grc-adverb

νέρθεν • (nérthen)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ner- + -θεν (-then).


dar leis

head

dar leis (plus dative, triggers no mutation)

Alternative form of dar le (used before the definite article)


'ar leis

’ar leis (plus dative, triggers no mutation)

(colloquial or dialectal) Alternative form of dar leis


'ar leis

’ar leis (canonical)
’ar leis-sean (emphatic)

’Ar leis féin annsin “dá mbeidhinn ar ais ag an rígh anois, thiucfadh liom sgéalta iongantacha innsint dó, ⁊ gheobhainn airgiod uadh;” ⁊ mar sin de d’fhill sé ar ais ionns’ ar an rígh, agus fuair sé ’na shuidhe ins an gharrdha é.

He then thought to himself [lit., ‘It seemed to him’]: "If I were back now again with the king, I could tell him wonderful stories, and I'd get money from him"; and so returned to the king, and found him sitting in the garden.


πάροιθε

grc-prep

πάροιθε • (pároithe) (governs the genitive)

Alternative form of πάροιθεν (pároithen)


on the lines of

The Minister said something on the lines of, “I don’t care if it causes people to lose their jobs.”

Osnabrück, reached at daybreak, is a remarkable two-level station on the lines of Willesden Junction.

1949 September and October, “The "Nord Express"”, in Railway Magazine, page 336:


chugham

Munster form of chugam: first-person singular of chuig and chun


chughamsa

Munster form of chugamsa: first-person singular emphatic of chuig and chun


arno

(colloquial) (South Wales) first-person singular of ar


ὑπαί

grc-preposition

ὑπαί • (hupaí) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative)


ἐφύπερθεν

* ἐπι- (epi-) + ὕπερθεν (húperthen), itself from ὑπέρ (hupér) + -θεν (-then).


ἐφύπερθεν

grc-prep

ἐφύπερθεν • (ephúperthen) (governs the genitive)


ἐφύπερθε

Alternative form of ἐφύπερθεν (ephúperthen, “above, on top”)


ἐφύπερθε

ἐφύπερθε • (ephúperthe) (governs the genitive)

Alternative form of ἐφύπερθεν (ephúperthen, “above, on top of”)


amdano

(colloquial) (South Wales) first-person singular of am


i n-arrad

Irish: i bhfarradh

Ní·guid dígail du thabairt foraib, acht corru·anat inna arrad.

He prays not that punishment should be inflicted on them, but that they may remain in his company.


ἔπ'

grc-preposition

ἔπ’ • (ép’) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative)


κατόπισθε

grc-prep

κᾰτόπισθε • (kătópisthe) (governs the genitive)

κᾰτόπισθε (canonical)
kătópisthe (romanization)

Alternative form of κᾰτόπισθεν (kătópisthen)


κατόπισθεν

grc-adverb

κᾰτόπισθεν • (kătópisthen)

κᾰτόπισθεν (canonical)
kătópisthen (romanization)


κατόπισθεν

grc-prep

κᾰτόπῐσθεν • (kătópĭsthen) (governs the genitive)

κᾰτόπῐσθεν (canonical)
kătópĭsthen (romanization)


gynnyn

(colloquial) (North Wales) third-person plural of gan


gynno

(colloquial) (North Wales) third-person singular masculine of gan


gynnon

(colloquial) (North Wales) first-person plural of gan


gynnoch

(colloquial) (North Wales) second-person plural of gan


gynni

(colloquial) (North Wales) third-person singular feminine of gan


co rricci

From coᴺ (“until”) + ·ricci, the prototonic second-person singular present form of ro·icc (“to reach”), literally "until you sg reach".

co rricci se .i. con·ricci in n-aimsir hi·taam

Until this, i.e. until the time in which we are.

Is in deniu aibritid tres·ngata na huile dúile súas co ricci riched.

c. 815-840, “The Monastery of Tallaght”, in Edward J. Gwynn, Walter J. Purton, transl., Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, volume 29, Royal Irish Academy, published 1911-1912, paragraph 85, pages 115-179:

Faster than the blink of an eye, [the sign of the Cross] traverses all the elements up to heaven.


hésom

Alternative spelling of ésom: emphatic of hé


ésom

Léic úait inna bíada milsi et tomil innahí-siu do·mmeil do chenél arnáp hésom con·éit détso.

Put away from you sg the sweet foods, and consume those that your race consumes, so that it may not be he who is indulgent to you.


ənter

Latin: inter (see there for further descendants)

Oscan: 𐌀𐌍𐌕𐌄𐌓 (anter), 𐌀𐌍𐌕𐌄𐌓- (anter-)

Umbrian: 𐌀𐌍𐌕𐌄𐌓- (anter-)


dochum

Irish: chun

Scottish Gaelic: chun

Apparently a pretonic variant of what would become Middle Irish tochim, the verbal noun of do·cing.

.i. iar cosmilius a báis-som. Arin corp marbde frissa·roscar-som in passione, ní·fil taidchur dó dochum in choirp-sin acht is i corp spirtáldae ind eséirgi cen frescsin báis na hirchri.

i.e. according to the likeness of his death. For the mortal body from which He has parted in passione, there is no return for him to that body, but it is into the spiritual body of the Resurrection without expectation of death or decay.


wrthi

wrthi’n glanhau

wrthi’n chwilio am waith

Rydym wrthi’n recriwtio nawr.

continuous aspect
continuous aspect#English

at it, in the middle of, in progress, right now (expresses the continuous aspect)


in the shadow of

A small village hut in the shadow of the Rocky Mountains.


dúun

Ba torad sa⟨í⟩thir dúun in chrud so ce du·melmis cech túari et ce du·gnemmis a ndu·gníat ar céli, act ní bad nertad na mbráithre et frescsiu fochricce as móo.

It would be a fruit of labor for us in this way if we consumed every food and if we did what our fellows do, but it would not be a strengthening of the brothers and a hope of a greater reward.

Alternative spelling of dúnn (first-person plural of do (“to, for”))


indiutsiu

Bid sochaide a·trefea indiutsiu ⁊ bid fáilid nach oín adid·trefea.

There will be many who will dwell in you sg, and anyone will be joyful who will so dwell.

Alternative form of indiutsu (presumably a scribal error)


ὕπαιθα

From the root of ὑπό (hupó) and ὑπαί (hupaí).


trānts

Latin: trāns (see there for further descendants)

Umbrian: 𐌕𐌓𐌀𐌚 (traf)

From Proto-Indo-European *tr̥h₂n̥t-s, from *térh₂-ont-s ~ *tr̥h₂-n̥t-és, participle of *térh₂-t ~ *tr̥h₂-ént (“to get through, cross over”). Cognate with Proto-Celtic *trāns (“across”).


i ndegaid

Irish: i ndiaidh

Scottish Gaelic: an dèidh

De dliguth trá inna n-il-toimdden sin, is de gaibthi “igitur”; quasi dixisset “Ní fail ní nád taí mo dligeth-sa fair i ndegaid na comroircnech.”

Of the law then, of those many opinions, it is thereof that he recites “igitur”; as if he had said, “There is nothing which my law does not touch upon after the erroneous ones.


ὑπείρ

grc-preposition

ὑπείρ • (hupeír) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative)


ὑπείρ

grc-adverb

ὑπείρ • (hupeír)


ribh

ribhse (emphatic)
rium (first-person singular)
riumsa (emphatic first-person singular)
riut (second-person singular)
riutsa (emphatic second-person singular)
ris (masculine singular third-person)
ris-san (emphatic masculine singular third-person)


ribhse

rium (first-person singular)
riumsa (emphatic first-person singular)
riut (second-person singular)
riutsa (emphatic second-person singular)
ris (masculine singular third-person)
ris-san (emphatic masculine singular third-person)

with you (plural or formal singular, emphatic)


despite of

(archaic or nonstandard) in spite of; despite


in despite of

From Middle English in despijt of, in despit of, in despytt of, in dispite of, in dispit of, in dispyt of.

Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see in, despite, of.


duib

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


ἔνερθε

grc-preposition

ἔνερθε • (énerthe) (governs the genitive)


daitsiu

Conda·rías .i. noch is nonda·ges ón, co nderlaig⟨e⟩ dam són innahí no·guidim daitsiu.

that I may bind them, i.e. that I pray that for them thus, that is to say, that you pl forgive me for the things that I pray for to you

second-person singular epmh of do: to/for you sg


fo bíth

From fo (“under”) + bíth (obsolete verbal noun of benaid (“to strike”)), literally “under the stroke of”.

compound

obsolete verbal noun of <i class="Latn mention" lang="sga">benaid</i> (“to strike”)


ἄνευθε

grc-adverb

ἄνευθε • (áneuthe)

Alternative form of ἄνευθεν (áneuthen, “away, far away”)


ἄνευθε

grc-preposition

ἄνευθε • (áneuthe) (governs the genitive)

Alternative form of ἄνευθεν (áneuthen, “without, away from”)


in ante

Bede
Egeria (pilgrim)
Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch
Jerome
Medieval Latin

From in + ante (“before”). Found in Jerome, the Itinerarium Antonini, and Egeria as well as in Medieval Latin authors such as Bede.


in ante

Dalmatian:

aninč

Italo-Romance:

desc

Old Italian: inante, nante, enanti, nanti

Neapolitan: 'nnante, 'nnènte (Agnone)

North Italian:

Friulian: nant ⇒ indenant

Istriot: nanti

Lombard: inant

Piedmontese: adnan

Gallo-Romance:

Old Franco-Provençal: enant ⇒ denant

Old French: anant

Occitano-Romance:

Old Catalan: enant

Old Occitan: enant, enan ⇒ denan

Occitan: enant, einant

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: enantis ⇒ denantis

Extremaduran: enantis ⇒ endinantis

Leonese: anantes, enantias, enantes ⇒ endenantes

Old Galician-Portuguese: enante ⇒ deante

Galician: diante

Portuguese: diante

Old Spanish: enantes, enante ⇒ denante, delante

Spanish: delante

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *inantius

Italian: innanzi ⇒ dinnanzi

Old French: enanz, enans

Old Occitan: inanç, enans

Piedmontese: anans ⇒ dnans

Venetan: anànsi


de post

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: dupã

Romanian: după

North Italian:

Old Venetan: dapò, dapuò, dapoi

Venetan: dopo (Italian infl.)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: dipoi, dopo

Ibero-Romance:

Old Spanish: depues

⇒ Spanish: después

Old Galician-Portuguese: depois, depos

Portuguese: depois, depoys (obsolete), despois (regional or archaic), dispois (regional or archaic), despoys (obsolete)

5th c. CE, Sergius (grammarian)

Nobody [who speaks correctly] says de post the forum, nor ab ante it.

5th c. CE, Pompeius
Est talis regula, praepositio praepositioni non iungitur. Hoc dicunt, puta 'apud penes' non potes facere unam partem orationis. Item qui male loquuntur modo ita dicunt 'depost illum ambulat'.

There is a rule that a preposition is not joined to a preposition. By this they mean, for example, that you cannot make apud and penes into a single lexeme. So those who speak badly now say depost illum ambulat.


de trans

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: detràs

Old French: detrés

Occitan: detràs

Ibero-Romance:

Galician: detrás

Portuguese: detrás

Spanish: detrás

5th c. CE, Servius
praepositio etiam de non potest adiungi nomini interveniente adverbio, ut de trans Tiberim venio

Likewise, the preposition de cannot apply to a noun when an adverb comes between them, as in 'I come from across the Tiber'.


κάγ

grc-preposition

κᾰ́γ • (kắg) (governs the genitive and accusative)

Apocopic form of κατά (katá) used before γ


përmbas

përmbas meje


bortsett från

aside from, apart from (with the exception of)


εἰνί

εἰνί • (einí) (governs the dative, genitive, and accusative)

(Epic) Alternative form of ἐν (en, “in, on, at”) (as needed for meter)


längs med

De vandrade längs med kajen


ἀπονόσφι

grc-adverb

ἀπονόσφῐ • (aponósphĭ)

ἀπονόσφῐ (canonical)
aponósphĭ (romanization)


ἀπονόσφι

grc-preposition

ἀπονόσφῐ • (aponósphĭ) (governs the genitive)


amdanot

(colloquial) (South Wales) second-person singular of am


πανταχῇ

grc-adverb

παντᾰχῇ • (pantăkhêi)

παντᾰχῇ (canonical)
pantăkhêi (romanization)

by all means, absolutely, in all respects


leofa

Ulster form of leo (third-person plural of le): with them, to them


κἀκ

κἀκ τούτων τίνα λῃτουργίαν οὐκ ἐξελῃτούργησεν;

1962 translation by Edward Seymour Forster
As a result of these principles, what public service did he fail perfectly to discharge?

kak toútōn tína lēitourgían ouk exelēitoúrgēsen?


karshi

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish قارشو (karşı, karşu, “opposite”), from Proto-Turkic *kar-.

bor+

indefinite dative/ablative singular and definite nominative plural of karsh


përballë

From për- (prepositional prefix) + ballë (“front, forehead”).

af

(figurative) facing, countering something


përballë

(figurative) facing or overcoming an obstacle, resistance to difficulty


onder de rook van

Hij woonde in een huisje in het bos onder de rook van Utrecht.

He lived in a small house in the woods in the shadow of Utrecht.

in the shadow of a larger place, especially a settlement or polity


ten faveure van

Literally, “to the favor of”; ten and faveure are congruent fossilized dative forms.


λάθρᾳ

grc-adverb

λάθρᾳ • (láthrāi)


comair

Middle Irish: comair

Irish: comhair

Scottish Gaelic: comhair

Uncertain. Perhaps a Welsh loanword. Cognate with Welsh ar gyfair (“opposite”), Breton e-keñver (“opposite”).

c. 850, glosses on the Second Epistle of Peter, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, p. 713, line 28https://archive.org/details/thesauruspalaeoh01stokuoft/page/712/mode/2up, 93b12


ἀπονόσφιν

ἀπονόσφῐν • (aponósphĭn)

ἀπονόσφῐν (canonical)
aponósphĭn (romanization)

Alternative form of ἀπονόσφι (aponósphi) with movable nu


ἀπονόσφιν

grc-preposition

ἀπονόσφῐν • (aponósphĭn) (governs the genitive)


eɣ

Latin: ex

Sabellic:

Oscan: eh, εͱ (eh)

South Picene: 𐌄 (e)

Umbrian: 𐌄 (e), ehe


ἔξωθεν

grc-adverb

ἔξωθεν • (éxōthen)

οὕτω καὶ ὑμεῖς ἔξωθεν μὲν φαίνεσθε τοῖς ἀνθρώποις δίκαιοι, ἔσωθεν δὲ μεστοί ἐστε ὑποκρίσεως καὶ ἀνομίας.

70 CE – 110 CE, The Gospel of Matthew 23:28

Translation by KJV
Even so ye also outwardly appear righteous unto men, but within ye are full of hypocrisy and iniquity.

hoútō kaì humeîs éxōthen mèn phaínesthe toîs anthrṓpois díkaioi, ésōthen dè mestoí este hupokríseōs kaì anomías.


ἔξωθεν

grc-preposition

ἔξωθεν • (éxōthen) (governs the genitive)

οὐδέν ἐστιν ἔξωθεν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου εἰσπορευόμενον εἰς αὐτόν, ὃ δύναται αὐτὸν κοινῶσαι· ἀλλὰ τὰ ἐκπορευόμενα ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ, ἐκεῖνά ἐστι τὰ κοινοῦντα τὸν ἄνθρωπον.

Translation by KJV
There is nothing from without a man, that entering into him can defile him: but the things which come out of him, those are they that defile the man.

oudén estin éxōthen toû anthrṓpou eisporeuómenon eis autón, hò dúnatai autòn koinôsai; allà tà ekporeuómena ap’ autoû, ekeîná esti tà koinoûnta tòn ánthrōpon.


prō

Latin: prō (see there for further descendants)

desc

Oscan: (contracted) 𐌐𐌓 (pr), pr., (uncontracted) pru

Innovative instrumental singular *próh₁ from Proto-Indo-European *pró (“toward”).


superād

Feminine singular ablative of *superos used adverbially.


superād

Latin: suprā (see there for further descendants)

Umbrian: 𐌔𐌖𐌁𐌓𐌀 (subra), subra


ζά

grc-preposition

ζά˘ • (zá˘) (governs the genitive and accusative)

Also encountered as prefix ζά- (zá-), corresponding to the prefix δια- (dia-).


thríomsa

/ˈhɾʲiːmˠsˠə/


thríotsa

/ˈhɾʲiːt̪ˠsˠə/


thríothusan

/ˈhɾʲiːbˠsˠənˠ/

[ˈhɾʲiːpˠsˠənˠ]


thrínne

/ˈhɾʲiːn̠ʲə/


thríbhse

/ˈhɾʲiːbʲʃə/

[ˈhɾʲiːpʲʃə]


thrídsean

/ˈhɾʲiːdʲsˠənˠ/

[ˈhɾʲiːtʲsˠənˠ]


διαπρό

διαπρό • (diapró) (governs the genitive)