हउं

Central:

Braj: हौं (ha͠u)

Western:

desctree

Old Gujarati: हउं (haüṃ)
Gujarati: હું (hũ)
Marwari: हौं (ha͠u)

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀅𑀳𑀁 (ahaṃ) with apheresis, from Sanskrit अहम् (aham).


अम्हे

Old Hindi: हम (hama), हंम (haṃma)
Braj: हम (ham)
Hindustani:
Hindi: हम (ham)
Urdu: ہم (ham)

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (amhe), from Sanskrit अस्मे (asme).


कवण

kavaṇa (romanization)
कवणु (nominative singular)
कवण (nominative plural)
कवणु (accusative singular)
कवण (accusative plural)
कवणें (instrumental singular)
कवणेणं (instrumental singular)
कवणेण (instrumental singular)
कवण (instrumental plural)
कवणेहिं (instrumental plural)
कवणहो (dative singular)
कवणसु (dative singular)
कवणस्सु (dative singular)
कवणहं (dative plural)
कवणहे (ablative singular)
कवणहु (ablative singular)
कवणहुं (ablative plural)
कवणहो (genitive singular)
कवणसु (genitive singular)
कवणस्सु (genitive singular)
कवणहं (genitive plural)
कवणाणं (genitive plural)
कवणाण (genitive plural)
कवणि (locative singular)
कवणे (locative singular)
कवणहिं (locative plural)
कवण (singular vocative)
कवणहो (plural vocative)
कवणा (nominative singular)
कवणाओ (nominative plural)
कवणा (accusative singular)
कवणाओ (accusative plural)
कवणए (instrumental singular)
कवणहिं (instrumental plural)
कवणहे (ablative singular)
कवणहु (ablative plural)
कवणहे (genitive singular)
कवणहु (genitive plural)
कवणहि (locative singular)
कवणहिं (locative plural)
कवणए (singular vocative)
कवणहो (plural vocative)
कवणु (nominative singular)
कवण (nominative plural)
कवणइं (nominative plural)
कवणाइं (nominative plural)
कवणु (accusative singular)
कवण (accusative plural)
कवणइं (accusative plural)
कवणाइं (accusative plural)
कवणें (instrumental singular)
कवणेणं (instrumental singular)
कवणेण (instrumental singular)
कवण (instrumental plural)
कवणेहिं (instrumental plural)
कवणहो (dative singular)
कवणसु (dative singular)
कवणस्सु (dative singular)
कवणहं (dative plural)
कवणहे (ablative singular)
कवणहु (ablative singular)
कवणहुं (ablative plural)
कवणहो (genitive singular)
कवणसु (genitive singular)
कवणस्सु (genitive singular)
कवणहं (genitive plural)
कवणाणं (genitive plural)
कवणाण (genitive plural)
कवणि (locative singular)
कवणे (locative singular)
कवणहिं (locative plural)
कवण (singular vocative)
कवणहो (plural vocative)

Central:

Hindustani: kaun

Hindi: कौन

Urdu: کَون

Southern:

Marathi: कोण (koṇ)

Western:

Old Gujarati: कवण (kavaṇa), कुण (kuṇa), कूण (kūṇa)
Gujarati: કોણ (koṇ)
Marwari: कुण (kuṇ)

Inherited from Sanskrit कः पुनर् (kaḥ punar, “who again?”).

inh+

एक्कु जि भुंजइ कम्मफलु जीवहो बीयउ कवणु कलिज्जइ ।
सत्तु मित्तु कहिँ संभवइ रायदोसु कसु उप्परि किज्जइ ॥
ekku ji bhuṃjaï kammaphalu jīvaho bīyaü kavaṇu kalijjaï.

c. 1020, Vir, Jambu-Sami-Chariu 11.4.9-10

Alone he bears the fruits of his actions, who else is the being's?
How are friend and foe possible, over whom are attachments and accusations done?

sattu mittu kahim̐ saṃbhavaï rāyadosu kasu uppari kijjaï.


मेर

mera (romanization)
मेरु (nominative singular)
मेर (nominative plural)
मेरु (accusative singular)
मेर (accusative plural)
मेरें (instrumental singular)
मेरेणं (instrumental singular)
मेरेण (instrumental singular)
मेर (instrumental plural)
मेरेहिं (instrumental plural)
मेरहो (dative singular)
मेरसु (dative singular)
मेरस्सु (dative singular)
मेरहं (dative plural)
मेरहे (ablative singular)
मेरहु (ablative singular)
मेरहुं (ablative plural)
मेरहो (genitive singular)
मेरसु (genitive singular)
मेरस्सु (genitive singular)
मेरहं (genitive plural)
मेराणं (genitive plural)
मेराण (genitive plural)
मेरि (locative singular)
मेरे (locative singular)
मेरहिं (locative plural)
मेर (singular vocative)
मेरहो (plural vocative)
मेरा (nominative singular)
मेराओ (nominative plural)
मेरा (accusative singular)
मेराओ (accusative plural)
मेरए (instrumental singular)
मेरहिं (instrumental plural)
मेरहे (ablative singular)
मेरहु (ablative plural)
मेरहे (genitive singular)
मेरहु (genitive plural)
मेरहि (locative singular)
मेरहिं (locative plural)
मेरए (singular vocative)
मेरहो (plural vocative)
मेरु (nominative singular)
मेर (nominative plural)
मेरइं (nominative plural)
मेराइं (nominative plural)
मेरु (accusative singular)
मेर (accusative plural)
मेरइं (accusative plural)
मेराइं (accusative plural)
मेरें (instrumental singular)
मेरेणं (instrumental singular)
मेरेण (instrumental singular)
मेर (instrumental plural)
मेरेहिं (instrumental plural)
मेरहो (dative singular)
मेरसु (dative singular)
मेरस्सु (dative singular)
मेरहं (dative plural)
मेरहे (ablative singular)
मेरहु (ablative singular)
मेरहुं (ablative plural)
मेरहो (genitive singular)
मेरसु (genitive singular)
मेरस्सु (genitive singular)
मेरहं (genitive plural)
मेराणं (genitive plural)
मेराण (genitive plural)
मेरि (locative singular)
मेरे (locative singular)
मेरहिं (locative plural)
मेर (singular vocative)
मेरहो (plural vocative)

Old Hindi: मेरा (merā)

Hindi: मेरा (merā, “my”)

Urdu: میرا (merā)

Punjabi: merā

Gurmukhi script: ਮੇਰਾ

Shahmukhi script: میرا

Nepali: मेरो (mero)

Romani: miro

Compound of मह (maha) + केर (kera). See महारिय (mahāriya) for more.


तुहुं

head

तुहुं (tuhuṃ)

inc-apa-pos

तुहुं (tuhuṃ)

Central:

Hindi: तू (tū)

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑀁 (tumaṃ), from Sanskrit त्वम् (tvam).


𑆠𑆶𑆲𑆶𑆩𑇀

tuhum (romanization)
Ṭakka (romanization)


𑆲𑆩𑆩𑇀

hamam (romanization)
Ṭakka (romanization)

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀅𑀳𑀁 (ahaṃ), from Sanskrit अहम् (aham).


𑆲𑆩𑆶𑆁

hamuṃ (romanization)
Ṭakka (romanization)


महारिय

mahāriya (romanization)
महारियु (nominative singular)
महारिय (nominative plural)
महारियु (accusative singular)
महारिय (accusative plural)
महारियें (instrumental singular)
महारियेणं (instrumental singular)
महारियेण (instrumental singular)
महारिय (instrumental plural)
महारियेहिं (instrumental plural)
महारियहो (dative singular)
महारियसु (dative singular)
महारियस्सु (dative singular)
महारियहं (dative plural)
महारियहे (ablative singular)
महारियहु (ablative singular)
महारियहुं (ablative plural)
महारियहो (genitive singular)
महारियसु (genitive singular)
महारियस्सु (genitive singular)
महारियहं (genitive plural)
महारियाणं (genitive plural)
महारियाण (genitive plural)
महारियि (locative singular)
महारिये (locative singular)
महारियहिं (locative plural)
महारिय (singular vocative)
महारियहो (plural vocative)
महारिया (nominative singular)
महारियाओ (nominative plural)
महारिया (accusative singular)
महारियाओ (accusative plural)
महारियए (instrumental singular)
महारियहिं (instrumental plural)
महारियहे (ablative singular)
महारियहु (ablative plural)
महारियहे (genitive singular)
महारियहु (genitive plural)
महारियहि (locative singular)
महारियहिं (locative plural)
महारियए (singular vocative)
महारियहो (plural vocative)
महारियु (nominative singular)
महारिय (nominative plural)
महारियइं (nominative plural)
महारियाइं (nominative plural)
महारियु (accusative singular)
महारिय (accusative plural)
महारियइं (accusative plural)
महारियाइं (accusative plural)
महारियें (instrumental singular)
महारियेणं (instrumental singular)
महारियेण (instrumental singular)
महारिय (instrumental plural)
महारियेहिं (instrumental plural)
महारियहो (dative singular)
महारियसु (dative singular)
महारियस्सु (dative singular)
महारियहं (dative plural)
महारियहे (ablative singular)
महारियहु (ablative singular)
महारियहुं (ablative plural)
महारियहो (genitive singular)
महारियसु (genitive singular)
महारियस्सु (genitive singular)
महारियहं (genitive plural)
महारियाणं (genitive plural)
महारियाण (genitive plural)
महारियि (locative singular)
महारिये (locative singular)
महारियहिं (locative plural)
महारिय (singular vocative)
महारियहो (plural vocative)

Old Gujarati: महारउं (mahāraüṃ)

Gujarati: મારું (mārũ, “my”)

Pahari-Potwari: مہارا (mhārā)

Compound of मह (maha) + कारिय (kāriya).
* The first part is derived from Prakrit 𑀫𑀳 (maha, genitive singular), from Sanskrit मह्यम् (mahyam, dative of अहम् (aham)).
* The second part is from Prakrit 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀺𑀬 (kāriya), from Sanskrit कार्य (kārya), whose variant in 𑀓𑁂𑀭 (kera) gives rise to the variant मेर (mera) of this word. The medial -k- has been lost between vowels.

der

dative of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">अहम्</i> (aham)


अम्हार

head

अम्हार (amhāra)

inc-apa-pos

अम्हार (amhāra)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Eastern Hindi:

Awadhi: हमार (hamār)

Western Hindi:

Braj: हमारौ (hamārau)

Hindustani: hamārā

Hindi: हमारा

desc

Urdu: ہَمارا

Urdu: ہَمارا

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: हाम्रो (hāmro)

Western Indo-Aryan:

desctree

Old Gujarati: अम्हारउं (amhāraüṃ)
Gujarati: અમારું (amārũ)

Romani: amaro

Derived from Sanskrit अस्माकम् (our, ours, genitive plural), probably compounded with the same enclitic as महारिय (mahāriya). See there for more.


तुहर

Old Gujarati: तुहारउं (tuhāraüṃ)

Gujarati: તારું (tārũ)

Old Hindi: तेरा (terā)

Hindi: तेरा (terā)

Urdu: تیرا (terā)

Punjabi: ਤੇਰਾ (terā)

Nepali: तेरो (tero)

Romani: tiro

Compare महारिय (mahāriya), अम्हार (amhāra).


तुम्हार

head

तुम्हार (tumhāra)

Old Gujarati: तुम्हारउं (tumhāraüṃ)

Gujarati: તમારું (tamārũ)

Old Hindi: तुम्हारा (tumhārā)

Hindi: तुम्हारा (tumhārā)

Nepali: तिम्रो (timro)

Romani: tumaro

Derived from Sanskrit युष्माकम् (yuṣmākam, “your, yours”). Compare महारिय (mahāriya), अम्हार (amhāra), मेर (mera), and तुहर (tuhara).


𑆑𑆮𑆟

kavaṇa (romanization)
Kāśmīrī (romanization)
Ṭakka (romanization)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆶 (nominative singular)
𑆑𑆮𑆟 (nominative plural)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆶 (accusative singular)
𑆑𑆮𑆟 (accusative plural)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆼𑆁 (instrumental singular)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆼𑆟𑆁 (instrumental singular)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆼𑆟 (instrumental singular)
𑆑𑆮𑆟 (instrumental plural)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆼𑆲𑆴𑆁 (instrumental plural)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆲𑆾 (dative singular)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆱𑆶 (dative singular)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆱𑇀𑆱𑆶 (dative singular)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆲𑆁 (dative plural)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆲𑆼 (ablative singular)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆲𑆶 (ablative singular)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆲𑆶𑆁 (ablative plural)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆲𑆾 (genitive singular)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆱𑆶 (genitive singular)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆱𑇀𑆱𑆶 (genitive singular)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆲𑆁 (genitive plural)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆳𑆟𑆁 (genitive plural)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆳𑆟 (genitive plural)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆴 (locative singular)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆼 (locative singular)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆲𑆴𑆁 (locative plural)
𑆑𑆮𑆟 (singular vocative)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆲𑆾 (plural vocative)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆳 (nominative singular)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆳𑆏 (nominative plural)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆳 (accusative singular)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆳𑆏 (accusative plural)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆍 (instrumental singular)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆲𑆴𑆁 (instrumental plural)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆲𑆼 (ablative singular)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆲𑆶 (ablative plural)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆲𑆼 (genitive singular)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆲𑆶 (genitive plural)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆲𑆴 (locative singular)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆲𑆴𑆁 (locative plural)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆍 (singular vocative)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆲𑆾 (plural vocative)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆶 (nominative singular)
𑆑𑆮𑆟 (nominative plural)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆅𑆁 (nominative plural)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆳𑆅𑆁 (nominative plural)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆶 (accusative singular)
𑆑𑆮𑆟 (accusative plural)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆅𑆁 (accusative plural)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆳𑆅𑆁 (accusative plural)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆼𑆁 (instrumental singular)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆼𑆟𑆁 (instrumental singular)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆼𑆟 (instrumental singular)
𑆑𑆮𑆟 (instrumental plural)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆼𑆲𑆴𑆁 (instrumental plural)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆲𑆾 (dative singular)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆱𑆶 (dative singular)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆱𑇀𑆱𑆶 (dative singular)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆲𑆁 (dative plural)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆲𑆼 (ablative singular)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆲𑆶 (ablative singular)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆲𑆶𑆁 (ablative plural)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆲𑆾 (genitive singular)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆱𑆶 (genitive singular)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆱𑇀𑆱𑆶 (genitive singular)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆲𑆁 (genitive plural)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆳𑆟𑆁 (genitive plural)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆳𑆟 (genitive plural)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆴 (locative singular)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆼 (locative singular)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆲𑆴𑆁 (locative plural)
𑆑𑆮𑆟 (singular vocative)
𑆑𑆮𑆟𑆲𑆾 (plural vocative)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: कुन (kuna)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi: kauṇ

Gurmukhi script: ਕੌਣ

Shahmukhi script: کَوݨ

c. 1000 – 1100, Abdur Rahman, Sandeśa-Rāsaka

Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan
Harivallabh Bhayani
Muni Jinavijaya