Galway

Anglicization of Irish Gaillimh, of uncertain meaning, said to mean "stony' (referring to the River Corrib). If so, it probably derives from Old Irish calad (“hard”); compare caillou, of Gaulish origin.


Hick

Rhyming nickname for Rick, pet form of Richard.


Cairns

* As a Scottish surname, from Scots cairn, describing a manmade heap or mound of stones.
* As an Irish surname, from Ó Ciaráin, Anglicized as Kieran and Kearns, sometimes conflated with the Scottish above.


Pickering

en-proper noun

Pickering (countable and uncountable, plural Pickerings)

A habitational surname from Old English, from the English town.


Cutler

Cutler (countable and uncountable, plural Cutlers)

(countable) A surname originating as an occupation.


Travis

From an Old French word meaning "to cross over," related to traverse. Probably a name for a gatekeeper or the toll collector of a bridge.


Attri

Borrowed from Punjabi ਅੱਤ੍ਰੀ (attrī).
Caste: From Punjab, Jatt


Rubin

A surname transferred from the given name.


Malam

From India or Hindi, Maal-amm means "One who has knowledge of directions". It is believed to have started to be used after people from Rajasthan came to Veraval city of Gujarat for fishing around 200 years ago.


Graham

Scottish surname originating from a place Grantham in Lincolnshire, possibly from Old English grand (“gravel”) + hām (“homestead”). As a given name, possibly from Old English græghama "grey-coated one" (ie, wolf).

A Scottish surname from Old English and clan name.


Khatri

From Punjabi ਖਤਰੀ (khatrī), Hindi खत्री (khatrī), Nepali खत्री (khatrī).

A surname of people of the Kshatriya order in Nepali Khas society.


Appleton

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Appleton.wav

From Old English æppel and -tun; alternatively, apple + -ton.
The town in Newfoundland is named for sawmill owner Appleton Cleaves.

An English habitational surname from Old English from either of the places.


Kibor

Traditionally a Kenyan name, specifically from the Kalenjin tribe in western Kenya, with a rough Kalenjin translation of "born at a time of good fortune."


Neale

A surname from Irish [in turn originating as a patronymic] derived from Niall.


Selma

Selma (countable and uncountable, plural Selmas)

Taken to use in the 19th century when similar-sounding names, Elma, Thelma, Alma, Wilma, etc. were in vogue. Perhaps a shortening of Anselma, or from the name of a place in the James Macpherson's Ossian cycle of epic poems, itself from Scottish Gaelic sealladh + math (“good vision”). In some cases perhaps borrowed from Turkish Selma, from Arabic سَلْمَى (salmā).


Attashin

Derives from Persian آتشین (âtašin, literally “fiery”), derived from آتش (âtaš, “fire”).


Dolan

From Irish Ó Duibhlin. Doublet of Devlin.

A surname from Irish that originated in Ireland.


Pistole

Borrowed from German Pistole (“pistol”), probably a nickname for an aggressive person.


Kirlian

kirliano

pertaining to Semyon Davidovich Kirlian’s process of recording corona discharges


Connor

The first name is from Irish Conchúr, Conchobhar, from Old Irish Conchobar (“lover of hounds”). The surname is from Irish Ó Conchúir (“descendant of Conchúr”).


Portwood

An English surname that is said to mean "town of the gate by the wood." The name has been known in the US since 1679.


Branson

en-proper noun

Branson (countable and uncountable, plural Bransons)

An English habitational surname from Old English for someone from either of these places in England.

An English surname originating as a patronymic from the name Brand or Brant.


Hailey

From Old English hīeġ (“hay”) + lēah (“clearing”).

en:Hailey (given name)
en:Hailey (surname)

A surname from Old English, a spelling variant of Hayley.


Akhoury

Alternative spelling of Akhaury: a surname from Northern India.


ffrench

A variant of French: in some blackletter typefaces, capital F looked like (and was later taken to be) two lowercase fs. Compare fforde, ffoulkes.

A surname: an English and Irish surname from the same source.


Janice

Possibly an altered spelling of Jannis; see Janes.


Haley

Haley (countable and uncountable, plural Haleys)

Variant of Hayley, from Old English. Literally, “hay field”

A surname from Old English, variant of Hayley, a common spelling variant of Hayley.


Kari

Two possible origins:
* Borrowed from Finnish Kari, an ornamental surname from kari (“rock, skerry”).
* Borrowed from Marathi करी (karī), a surname of unexplained origin.


Mallory

From an Anglo-Norman nickname for an unfortunate person, from Old French maleure, malheure (“unhappy, unlucky”) (whence French malheur), from mal (“bad”) + eur (“fortune”).


Timoteo

Borrowed from Spanish Timoteo and Portuguese Timóteo.


Atterton

Atterton (countable and uncountable, plural Attertons)


Carey

Carey (countable and uncountable, plural Careys)

* As a German surname, Americanized from Gehrig, Gehring.
* As a Welsh surname, variant of Carew.
* As an English surname, from placenames derived from Proto-Brythonic *karɨd (“to love”).
* As an Irish surname, from mac Fhiachra (“descendant of Fiachra”), from préachán (“crow”).
* Also as an Irish surname, from the root of the name Kerry.

An English habitational surname from either of these placenames.

A surname from Irish, anglicized from the Gaelic Ó Ciardha.

A Celtic surname from Welsh, derived from Carew.


Atherton

Atherton (countable and uncountable, plural Athertons)

From the Old English personal name Æþelhere + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”).

(countable) A habitational surname from Old English.


Rahim

Borrowed from Arabic رَحِيم (raḥīm, “kind, compassionate”). The surname is predominantly found in Bangladesh.


Ida

Two possible origins:
* Borrowed from Japanese 井田 (Ida, “rice paddy by the well”).
* Matronymic surname from the female given name Ida.


Compton

From Old English Cumbtūn. Equivalent to combe (“valley”) + -ton (“town”).

An English habitational surname from Old English from the placenames.


Kelsey

en-proper noun

Kelsey (countable and uncountable, plural Kelseys)

From Old English cēol (“ship”) + siġe (“victory”).


Lindsey

Lindsey (countable and uncountable, plural Lindseys)

From Old English Lindesege, ultimately from Proto-Brythonic *llɨnn (“pool”), from Proto-Celtic *lindos (“lake, liquid”) (as in Lincoln) + Old English ēġ (“island (of land)”).


Laurie

Laurie (countable and uncountable, plural Lauries)

Maxwelton braes are bonnie
Where early fa's the dew;
An' it's there that Annie Laurie
Gi'ed me her promise true.

A surname transferred from the given name.


Sanna

* As an Italian surname, from Italian Sanna.
* As a Dutch surname, reduced from Susanna.
* As a Greek surname, spelling variant of Sannas, from σανός (sanós, “hay”).


Tattersall

Habitational surname from Tattershall, in Lincolnshire, named from the Old English personal name Tathere + healh (“corner, nook”).


Labonte

From French Labonté. From French la bonté, meaning "kindness, benevolence".

Labounte

equivalent surname of Anglo-Norman origin


Shelby

From a medieval name, of obscure origin, yet likely an alteration of Middle English Selby, Salibi (“dweller of the willow place”), from salwe (“willow, sallow”) + -by (“settlement, farm”).

unk

obscure


Dylan

From Welsh mythology; possibly from Celtic for "son of the sea" or "born from the ocean." Unrelated to the name Dillon, although the homophony may result in the two being considered variant spellings of the same name.


Tracy

en-proper noun

Tracy (countable and uncountable, plural Tracys or Tracies)

A Norman baronial surname from places in France, derived from a Gallo-Roman given name Thracius which referred to Thrace + the Celtic suffix *-āko (place, property). As a female given name, it is also known as a diminutive of Theresa.


Prinz

Jewish and German surname, from Prinz (“prince”). Also found in France and Slavicized in several countries such as Slovenia and Slovakia. Compare Printz.


Luan

Luan Cheng (欒丞), an officer from the Jhonghe Second Police Precinct, on Tuesday approached 19-year-old Yen Ju-yi (顏如憶) who was selling betel nuts at a small shop in Jhonghe City (中和), Taipei County, and told her she was showing too much skin and may have violated the law.[…]
While Yen has accused Luan of causing bodily harm, Luan said that Yen prevented an officer of the law from exercising his duties and slandered him.

2010 April 9, Loa Iok-sin, “Jiang backs betel ‘justice’”, in Taipei Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2010-04-16, Taiwan News, page 2:


Hultgren

Borrowed from Swedish Hultgren, an ornamental surname composed of the elements hult (“forest”) and gren (“branch”).


Melvin

Variant of the Scottish surname Melville, from a place name Malleville in Normandy, from Latin mala (“bad”) + Old French ville (“settlement”).
* Used to Anglicize Mac Gille Beathain in Scotland and Ó Maoil Mhín in Ireland.

Melville always wrote his name Melvinus in Latin, and he is often called Melvin in English. Hence some have concluded that Melvin, and not Melville, was his proper name. But they are merely different modes of pronouncing the same family appellation.

1824 Thomas M'Crie, The Life of Andrew Melville, W. Blackwood (1824), page 416


Simeon

From Middle English Simeon, from Latin Simeon, from Ancient Greek Σῠμεών (Sumeṓn), from Biblical Hebrew שִׁמְעוֹן (šimʿôn, “hearkening, listening”), originally referring to Simeon, a son of Jacob. Doublet of Simon.


Claud

en-proper noun

Claud (countable and uncountable, plural Clauds)


Devin

* As an Irish, English, and French surname, spelling variant of Devine. Also see Devon.
* Also as a French surname, from devin (“fortuneteller”).
* As a Russian surname, from дева (deva, “maiden”).

A surname from Irish. An Anglicisation of Irish Ó Damháin (“(descendant of a person named) Fawn”).


Corey

An English surname from Old Norse from the Old Norse given name Kóri, itself perhaps from Old Irish Cuire, from cuire (“troop, host, company”), from Proto-Celtic *koryos (“army, tribe”), from Proto-Indo-European *ker- (“army”).

A surname from Irish, a variant anglicization of Ó Comhraidhe (Curry).


Duane

Anglicized form of the Irish name Dubhán, from dubh (“black, dark”).


Collin

Collin (countable and uncountable, plural Collins)


Dillon

From the Irish surname, from Breton Leon and Norman Léon, named after Sir Henry de Leon of the Viscounty of Léon. Related to the surname Lyon. Unrelated to the name Dylan, although the homophony may result in the two being considered variant spellings of the same name.


Dwight

Probably from a Middle English female name Diot, a pet form of Dionysia, the feminine form of Dionysius.


Brice

A Scottish surname originating as a patronymic, a variant of Bryce.

A surname.
A French surname, a variant of Brisson.


Sylvester

Borrowed from Latin sylvester (“woody, rural”) from silva (“wood”); name of a saint whose feast day falls on December 31.


Darragh

Reduced Anglicized form of Irish Ó Dubhdarach (“descendant of Dubhdarach”), a personal name composed of the elements dubh (“black”) and darach, genitive of dair (“oak”).


Avery

From Anglo-Norman Averay, Auveray, Alverey, from Latin Alveredus, Aluredus, from Old English Ælfræd, from ælf (“elf”) and ræd (“counsel”). Doublet of Alfred.


Puram

From Hindi, from Sanskrit, pur (village, fort, or dwelling); -pur or -puram is a common suffix for cities in India.

A surname from India, commonly found in India.


Faye

* (surname): Borrowed from French Faye or other languages.


Geremia

Patronymic surname borrowed from Italian Geremia.


Raaya

Associated with Hindi [Term?], meaning "royal" or "royalty", from the terms rai, raj, etc. Some texts also indicate it means "always". Also associated with the term Rah, meaning path, road or journey.


Grover

A topographic surname from Middle English for someone who lived near a grove.


Dewey

Possibly from a place name in Northern France, Douai. Welsh origin from Dewi (David) has also been suggested.


Beverley

en-proper noun

Beverley (countable and uncountable, plural Beverleys)

From Old English befer (“beaver”) + lēah (“clearing”). Equivalent to Beaver + -ley (“lea”).


Brodie

Scottish habitational surname of uncertain meaning. Probably of Pictish or Gaelic origin. Some of the suggestions that have been advanced as to the meaning of the name Brodie are:
* "ditch" or "mire", from the old Irish word broth;
* "muddy place", from the Gaelic word brothach;
* "a point", "a spot", or "level piece of land", from the Gaelic word Brodha;
* or originated from the Pict name Brude, Bruid or Bridei from King Bridei of the Picts.


Hayden

Originally a place name, from Old English heg (“hay”) + denu (“valley”). Alternatively, from Middle Dutch heiden (“heathen”).


Brady

From Old English brād (“broad”) + ēage (“eye”) and brād (“broad”) + ēġ (“island”); or from Irish Ó Brádaigh.

A habitational surname from Old English of English origin.


Rachabattuni

Borrowed from Telugu రచబత్తుని (racabattuni).


Petter

Borrowed from Dutch and German Ludewig, a variant of the personal name Peter.


Knecht

Derived from German surname, from Middle High German and Middle Low German knecht (“journeyman, knight's servant”).


Leroy

Transferred from the common French surname Leroy since the nineteenth century, for no apparent reason except its transparent meaning, le roi "the king".

A surname from French, borne by English speakers.


Lester

en-proper noun

Lester (countable and uncountable, plural Lesters)

* As an English surname, from the placename Leicester.
* Also as an English surname of Norman origin, from Lestre in Normandy, from Old French Lestra, from Medieval Latin Laxtra, perhaps from extera (“exterior (part of a property)”).
* As an English and Scottish surname, variant of Lister.
* Also as an English surname, variant of Laster.
* As a Scottish and Irish surname, shortened from McLester.

A surname from Old English derived from the English place name Leicester.


Noa

Borrowed from Spanish Noa, a surname mostly found in Cuba. The surname could also derive from German Noä.


Cara

20th-century English coinage from Italian cara (“dear”) or Irish cara (“friend”).


Brennan

From Irish Ó Braonáin (“descendant of Braonán”), a diminutive of braon (“moisture, drop”). Alternatively, from Irish Ó Branáin (“descendant of Branán”), a diminutive of bran (“raven”).


Donovan

From Irish Ó Donndubháin (“descendant of (a person named) brown & black”), from donn (“brown”) and dubh (“black”).


Elliot

en-proper noun

Elliot (countable and uncountable, plural Elliots)

(countable) A surname transferred from the given name, a variant of Elliott.


Marek

Borrowed from Czech, Slovak and Polish Marek.


Aga

Various origins:
* Borrowed from Norwegian Aga, a habitational surname of uncertain derivation.
* Borrowed from Turkish Ağa, an occupational surname from ağa (“lord; chief, boss”).
* Borrowed from Amharic አጋ (ʾäga).


Atwood

Atwood (countable and uncountable, plural Atwoods)

A surname; an English topographic surname for someone who lived near a wood.


Saxe

Seemingly a combination of influences: Middle English Saxe (“the Saxons”) (from Old English Seaxe), Middle French Saxe (“Saxony”), and German Sachsen (“Saxony”) and Sachse (“a Saxon”) itself, rewritten with x (compare regional German Saxen). The form Saxẽ (i.e., Saxen) is found in some Early Modern sources.
The surname is also partly from German Sachs, itself a variant of Sachse; a variant of Dutch Sas (literally “Saxon”), a cognate; and Middle English Saxe, a personal name from Old Norse Saxi, from sax (“one-edged sword”). All of these ultimately lead back to Proto-Germanic *sahsą (“dagger, knife”). Doublet of Sachs, Sax, Sas, and Sachse.


Darcy

Originally from Bois-d'Arcy, Yvelines in Northern France. Related to archaic French ardre (“to burn, consume”).

A Norman baronial surname from Old French.


Keeley

Reduced Anglicized from Irish Ó Caollaidhe (“descendant of Caollaidhe”), a personal name based on the adjective caol (“slender, graceful”).


Lacey

A Norman habitational surname from Old French from a place Lassy in Calvados.


Elena

From Italian and Spanish Elena, cognate to English Helen.


Kaye

A surname from Middle English, spelling variant of Kay.


Lilly

A surname transferred from the given name, based on the given name

A surname transferred from the place name, variant of Lilley, from the English place name Lilley.


de Klerk

From Dutch de Klerk and Afrikaans de Klerk.


Davey

A surname originating as a patronymic derived from David.


Reubens

en-proper noun

Reubens (countable and uncountable, plural Reubenses)


Haight

Haight (countable and uncountable, plural Haights)

From Old English hēahþu (“height”), a topographic surname for someone who lived at the top of a hill. Compare Hight.


Macy

Norman baronial surname from places named Massy in France, derived from a Gallo-Roman personal name Maccius.


Maddison

Maddison (countable and uncountable, plural Maddisons)

From Madde (a medieval diminutive of Maud and Magdalene) + -son.


McKenzie

A Scottish surname from Scottish Gaelic, variant of Mac Kenzie.


McKenna

From the Irish and Scottish Gaelic surname, variant of McKinney.


Deepak

Borrowed from Hindi दीपक (dīpak), meaning a part of a flame, or someone who enlightens everyone's heart with hope.


Payton

Habitational surname from a minor place in Sussex, from the Old English personal name Pǣga + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”).

A habitational surname from Old English.


Scarlett

For Scarlett and Scarlett's three hundred were riding by
When the points of the Russian lances arose in the sky;

1854, Alfred Tennyson, The Charge of the Heavy Brigade at Balaclava:

A surname originating as an occupation for a dyer or seller of (scarlet) fabric.


Shelly

A surname from Old English, variant of Shelley.


Schuyler

Dutch surname "scholar, student", from German Schüler; brought to America by seventeenth-century Dutch immigrants.


Lacy

A surname from Old French, variant of Lacey


Maurer

en-prop

Maurer (countable and uncountable, plural Maurers)


de Vries

en-proper-noun

de Vries (plural de Vries or de Vrieses)


Chauncey

From the Norman name based on several locations in France called Chancé. See Old French chance.

An American surname from Old French, of Norman origin from a place name in France.


Killian

An anglicized spelling of Irish Cillian.


Flynn

Anglicized from Irish Ó Floinn, "descendant of Flann (red)".


Chance

en-proper noun

Chance (countable and uncountable, plural Chances)


Jaxon

en:Jaxon (disambiguation)
en:Jaxon (name)

A surname of modern usage, variant of Jackson


Grayson

Grayson (countable and uncountable, plural Graysons)

From Middle English greyve (“steward”) + -son.

A surname originating as an occupation or as a patronymic for a son of a steward.


Colby

Colby (countable and uncountable, plural Colbys)

From either the Old Norse personal name Koli or kol (“charcoal”) + býr (“settlement”).


Granville

The commune of France is from Old French Granville, Grandvilla, Grande Villa, Grandivilla, from grant (“grand”) + ville (“settlement”). The surname is of Norman baronial origin, from Grainville, a former commune in Normandy, from the given name Guarin + ville, meaning “Guarin's town”. Guarin ultimately derives from Proto-Germanic *warduz (“guard”).


Armando

Borrowed from Italian, Portuguese and Spanish Armando.


Landon

Place names in England, from Old English lang (“long”) + dūn (“hill”).


Kendall

From the placename Kendal in Cumbria, "valley of the river Kent", and Kendale in Humberside, from Old Norse kelda (“spring”) + dalr (“valley”).


Keegan

Borrowed from Irish Mac Aodhagáin (“son of Aidan”).


Keegan

A surname from Kalenjin or transferred from the given name. from the given name.


Leigh

A surname from Middle English, variant of Lee.


Nelson

en-proper noun

Nelson (countable and uncountable, plural Nelsons)

From Middle English Neil + -son and Nell + -son.
* In the United States, also an Anglicisation of North Germanic (Scandinavian) surnames such as Nilsen, Nielsen, and Nilsson, equivalent to "son of Nicholas".


Nolan

Anglicized from Irish Ó Nualláin (literally “descendant of Nuallán”), diminutive of nuall (“chariot-fighter, champion”).


Reese

A surname from Welsh [in turn originating as a patronymic] from Welsh Rhys.


Otis

A patronymic surname derived from Middle English genitive case of the Germanic given name Ote, Ode, cognate to modern Otto.

A surname transferred from the given name, notably of the American revolutionary hero James Otis and the innovator and industrialist Elisha Otis.


Rees

A surname from Welsh, an Anglicized form of Rhys.


Rhys

From Welsh Rhys; related to Price, Reece, Rees, Reese, and Rice.


Regan

A surname from Irish from Irish Ó Riagáin, variant of Reagan.


Reagan

Audio (US)

Anglicized from Irish Gaelic Ó Riagáin "descendant of Riagán", a personal name possibly derived from ríodhgach "impulsive, furious".


Dione

en-proper noun

Dione (countable and uncountable, plural Diones)

From Latin Diōnē (“of Jupiter”), from Ancient Greek Διώνη (Diṓnē, “of Zeus”).


Blackburn

Blackburn (countable and uncountable, plural Blackburns)

From Old English blæc (“dark”) + burna (“stream”).


Woodrow

A topographic surname from Middle English for a dweller in a row of houses near a wood.


Wilbur

From an Old English female given name Wilburg, from wil (“will”) + burh (“fortress”).


Ryder

Ryder (countable and uncountable, plural Ryders)

(countable) A surname originating as an occupation for a rider, cavalryman, or knight.


Kyler

An American anglicization of Dutch Cuyler "archer" and German Keiler "wild boar".
* The surname is quite rare. The given name may be a recent coinage based on Kyle and Tyler.


Wyatt

Ultimately from the Old English personal name Wigheard, from wīg (“war”) + heard (“hard, brave”), later also used as a Middle English diminutive of the names Guy and William.


Delaney

From a Norman baronial surname, from a place in France, Old French del aunaie (“from the alder grove”). In Ireland an anglicization of Irish Ó Dubhshláine (descendant of Black (dubh) + Challenge (slán)).


Lennon

From Irish Ó Leannáin (“descendant of Lover (Leannán)”) and from Ó Lonáin (“descendant of Blackbird (Lonán)”).

der

descendant of Lover (<i class="Latn mention" lang="ga">Leannán</i>)

'He means the other Lennon,' Slowey's voice said. ' John Lennon from the Beatles.' And Farley saw him then, on the bend of the counter smoking a cigar. Slowey then turned to the barman, '... and he means the other Lenin, you know, the Russian revolutionary?'

2011, Christine Dwyer Hickey, The Cold Eye of Heaven, Atlantic Books, →ISBN, page 117:

A surname from Irish, notably of John Lennon (1940–1980), one of the Beatles.


Willard

From Old English wil (“will”) + heard (“brave, strong”).


Malik

From Arabic مَالِك (mālik) and مَلِك (malik, “Leader”).


Platten

Two main origins:
* A diminutive of the surname Platt.
* From Old French platon (“metal plate”), a metonymic occupational surname for a platemaker.


Isla

Borrowed from Spanish Isla. This surname is mostly found in the Philippines.


Rylan

Possibly a variant of Ryland, meaning "rye field" and from Old English.


Vudatha

Borrowed from Telugu ఉడతా (uḍatā). This surname is predominantly found in Andhra Pradesh.


Sellers

en-proper noun

Sellers (countable and uncountable, plural Sellerses)


Braunschweig

Braunschweig (countable and uncountable, plural Braunschweigs)


Mosel

Mosel (countable and uncountable, plural Mosels)


Fitz

Fitz (countable and uncountable, plural Fitzs or Fitzes)


Garside

Habitational surname from a place in Lancashire, from Middle English garth (“enclosure”) + side (“hill slope”).


Masse

From French Masse or French Massé. See also Mace.


Riina

From the Sicilian Riina, a surname derived from rijina (“queen”).


Kelso

From earlier Calchow, from Middle Welsh Calchvynyd (Modern Welsh Calchfynydd (“lime mountain”)).


Lù

An ancient tea tree and Lù Yǔ, the author of Chá by a goatherd.

2006, Jie Jack Li, Laughing Gas, Viagra, and Lipitor: The Human Stories behind the Drugs We Use, page 131:

As Lù Xíxìng puts it, 'as for phonophores, Chữ Nôm appears rather lax, and allows graphic simplification, rather like the “graphs with simplified phonetic” (shěngshēngzì 省聲字) in Chinese.'

2013, David Holm, Mapping the Old Zhuang Character Script, page 768:

Lù Xiàngshān 陸象山 (1139–1193) was a contemporary of Zhu Xi, as well as an influential philosophical rival.

2014, Justin Tiwald, Bryan W. Van Norden, Readings in Later Chinese Philosophy: Han to the 20th Century, page 231:

Zhū's critique of his contemporary Lù Xiàngshān 陸象山 was similar to the way he treated Hú Hóng (胡宏 1105–55), the principal figure of the Húnán school. Zhū always considered Lù’s teaching as Chánnist, because he saw him as pursuing a transcendent, immediate enlightenment and neglecting the cultivation of “principle” that could only come from protracted and gradual moral practice.

2015, Halvor Eifring, Meditation and Culture: The Interplay of Practice and Context, page 82:

A surname from Chinese, from Mandarin, see 陸／陆 (Lù).


Wilberforce

From Old English Wilburg + foss (“ditch”); Wilburg was a female given name from wil (“will”) + burg (“fortress”).

An English surname from Old English, most common in Yorkshire.


Ferris

English surname, from Norman Ferrers, from the toponymic Ferrières, from French fer (“iron”).

A surname transferred from the given name derived from the given name Fergus and/or from the Norman surname Ferrers.


Trine

Probably an Americanized form of German Trein.


Gandhi

Gandhi (countable and uncountable, plural Gandhis)

From Gujarati ગાંધી (gā̃dhī, “grocer, merchant”), from Sanskrit गन्ध (gandha, “perfume”). Originally, a trader in perfume.

bor

(countable, South Asia) A surname from India used by Hindu, Jain, Parsi and Sikh people throughout India.


Kazan

Various origins:
* Borrowed from Hebrew חַזָּן (khazán, “Jewish cantor”), an occupational surname.
* Borrowed from Turkish Kazan, a metonymic occupational surname from kazan (“kettle, boiler, cauldron”).
* Borrowed from Greek Καζάν (Kazán), a metonymic occupational surname that derives from the same Turkish word.


Rolls

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-Rolls.wav


Birman

Variant spelling of Dutch Bierman or German Biermann.


Ferrari

Smith

equivalent surname of English language origin


Christiana

en-proper noun

Christiana (countable and uncountable, plural Christianas)

A medieval literate form of the female name Christian.


Ellery

An English surname transferred from the given name, variant of Hilary or Eulalie.


Porsche

Porsche (countable and uncountable, plural Porsches)

Ferdinand Porsche
en:Porsche (disambiguation)

Borrowed from German Porsche
* (automotive): The surname of the founder, Ferdinand Porsche.


Anand

Anand (countable and uncountable, plural Anands)

From Sanskrit आनन्द (ānanda, “joy, delight, pleasure”).

der

(countable) A Khukhrain Punjabi surname.


McFarlane

Anglicized form of Scottish Gaelic Mac Pharthaláin (“son of Parthalán”), probably a Gaelicized form of the personal name Bartholomew.


Georg

A surname transferred from the given name.


Hermann

From the German and Jewish surname, from Hermann. Compare Harman, Herman.

A surname from German borrowed from German Hermann.


Suzuki

Borrowed from Japanese Suzuki (Suzuki), from Japanese すずき (Suzuki, “surname”) or Japanese スズキ (Suzuki, “automaker”); from Japanese 鈴木 (Suzuki) (automaker from the surname).

The second most common Japanese surname from Japanese.


Bradshaw

From Old English brād + sceaga (“thicket”), equivalent to broad + shaw.

A habitational surname from Old English derived from these places.


Brandane

The origin of 'Brandane' may be in the name of Saint Brendan or in the bold water or spray men.


Carolus

From Latin Carolus, Latinized form of the personal name Charles. This surname is mostly found in South Africa.


Punekar

From Marathi पुणेकर (puṇekar), meaning one who comes from Pune, a city in Maharastra, India.


McDearmont

A Scottish surname from Scottish Gaelic, variant of McDairmid.


Stephan

Ultimately from Ancient Greek στεφανίζω (stephanízō, “to crown”) & Ancient Greek στέφανος (stéphanos, “that which surrounds, crown, wreath”).


Snape

First attested in the late 18th century. Derived from various villages in England and southern Scotland sharing this name.


Jennings

en-proper noun

Jennings (countable and uncountable, plural Jenningses or Jennings)

An English surname originating as a patronymic.


Molina

Molina (countable and uncountable, plural Molinas)

From Spanish and Italian, both from Latin Molina "of a mill", from mola "mill" + -ina. Compare Miller.


Arne

Arne (countable and uncountable, plural Arnes)

For the given name, a short form of Old Norse compound names beginning with arn- (“eagle”).


Lindsay

Lindsay (countable and uncountable, plural Lindsays)

From Lindsey in Lincolnshire, from Old English Lindesēġe, Lindesīġe (“Isle of Lind”), the Old English name of the city of Lincoln, Lincolnshire, in which "Lind" comes from the Common Brittonic form of the name of Lincoln and "isle" refers to Lincoln being surrounded by fenland; from Proto-Brythonic *llɨnn (“pool”), from Proto-Celtic *lindos (“lake, liquid”), in reference to the Brayford + Old English ēġ (“island”); cf. modern Welsh llyn and Dublin.

A Scottish habitational surname from Old English from Lindsey in Lincolnshire, from the Old English name of the city of Lincoln, "Isle of Lind" ("Isle of Lincoln") in reference to it being surrounded by fenland.

A surname
An Irish surname, variant of Lindsey


Gunner

From gunner, in reference to the weapons held in an arsenal.


Wearmouth

From Old English Wirmūþ, equivalet to Wear + mouth.


Troia

Vincenzo Troia


Rayne

A surname transferred from the given name, variant of Raine.


Raine

A surname transferred from the given name derived from any of several personal names (such as Raymond).


Oaxaca

/wɑːˈhɑː.kɑː/

Borrowed from Spanish Oaxaca, from Classical Nahuatl Huāxyacac, from Huāxacatzin (“name of a hill”), from huāxin (huaje) (Leucaena leucocephala) + yacatl (“nose”) + -tzin (“honorific suffix”).


Thurston

A surname derived from the Old Norse given name Þorsteinn, brought to England by Vikings.


Jewett

A surname originating as a patronymic, derived from a medieval English pet form of Julian.


Brownrigg

Habitational surname from any of several minor places in Cumbria, from Old English brūn (“brown”) + hryċġ (“ridge”).


Azer

Borrowed from Arabic عازر. This surname is mostly found in Egypt.


Sion

Two main origins:
* Borrowed from Galician Sión, a habitational surname from a place in Pontevedra province.
* Borrowed from French Sion, a reduced form of the personal name Michon.


Euler

List of things named after Leonhard Euler


Rutherford

From Old English hryþer (“cattle”) + ford (“ford”). The first element is from Proto-Germanic *hrunþaz.

A Scottish habitational surname from Old English from a place where there was once a settlement in the Scottish borders.


Veit

Veit (countable and uncountable, plural Veits)


Barbarossa

Borrowed from Italian Barbarossa, from barba (“beard”) + rossa (“red”).

David Barbarossa

Theodore Cotillo Barbarossa


Ernst

Borrowed from German Ernst, a medieval royal name in Germany, from Old High German ernust (“vigor, strife”), from Proto-Germanic *ernustuz. Doublet of earnest.


Hindawi

From Arabic هِنْدَاوِيّ (hindāwiyy, “Indian”).


Juretzko

A surname. The earliest known records of the Juretzko surname are from Silesia.


Zickefoose

Americanized spelling of German Ziegenfuss.


Winzer

In some cases from German Winzer (“winemaker”). In others perhaps from Windsor.


Giordano

From Italian Giordano. Doublet of Jordan.


Baskin

en-proper noun

Baskin (countable and uncountable, plural Baskins)


Sander

Sander (countable and uncountable, plural Sanders)


Litwin

From German, from Polish Litwin (“Lithuanian”).


Rainer

Variant of Rayner, a patronymic surname from a medieval given name from Proto-Germanic *raginą (“counsel by the gods”) + *harjaz (“army”). Also borrowed from modern German.

An English and American surname transferred from the given name.


Herschel

(Uranus): after its discoverer, William Herschel.


Jacobson

From Jacob + -son. From Middle English Jacobson. Medieval English patronymic surname "son of Jacob".
In the U.S. adopted by immigrants with similar family names, such as Swedish Jakobsson, Danish and Norwegian Jacobsen (or Jakobsen).

An English surname transferred from the given name.


Peters

Peters (countable and uncountable, plural Peterses)

An English surname originating as a patronymic derived from the given name Peter.


Pirani

Borrowed from either Italian Pirani or Persian پیرانی; the gauge is named after Marcello Stefano Pirani, a German physicist (1880–1968).


Granger

en-prop

Granger (countable and uncountable, plural Grangers)

/ˈɡɹeɪnd͡ʒə(ɹ)/

An English surname originating as an occupation for a granger (farm bailiff).


Busse

From the German surname, spelling variant of Buss, itself a pet form of Burkhard. Also from a derivative of Proto-West Germanic *buhsā (“box, firelock”).


Franken

* Dutch Franken
* German Franken
* Yiddish Franken

A patronymic surname from Dutch, equivalent to English Franks or Frankson, for a descendant of a person named Frank

A patronymic surname from German, equivalent to English Franks or Frankson, for a descendant of a person named Frank

A topographic surname from German, for someone from Franconia

An occupational surname from German, for a freeman

A topographic Jewish surname from Yiddish, for Franconian Jews


Godwin

The component -win is from Old English wine.
The second meaning is named after Michael Wayne Godwin (born 1956), American attorney and author.

A surname originating as a patronymic based on a medieval given name.


Sullivan

Clipping of O'Sullivan. From Irish Ó Súilleabháin.


Jean-Pierre

Karine Jean-Pierre, b. 1977


Gideon

Borrowed from Hebrew גִּדְעוֹן (gid'ón, “Gideon”) ("feller", "hewer", "mighty warrior").

An English surname originating as a patronymic.


Sender

Borrowed from German Senden, a municipality of North Rhine-Westphalia, or a pet form of Alexander.


Pelikan

A surname from Czech of German or Czech origin.


Mangold

* As an English surname, variant of Mangnall (see Mangel).
* As a German surname, from an old Germanic name composed of the elements *manag (“many”) + *wald (“rule”).


Dicks

A surname transferred from the given name derived from Dick.


Yamada

Borrowed from Japanese 山(やま)田(だ) (Yamada).


Idoine

A surname from Old French that traces back to 1200's in France. Idoines now live around the world in New Zealand, England, Canada, America, France and the United Kingdom.


Bassin

Two possible origins:
* Jewish metronymic surname from an Yiddish pet form of the personal name Bathsheba.
* Borrowed from French Bassin, a metonymic occupational surname for a maker or seller of basins, from bassin (“small basin”).


Ajay

Transliteration of Hindi अजय (ajay), etc.


Hillary

From Latin Hilarius or Hilaria, from hilare (“cheerfully”) (compare English hilarious).


Boeing

Anglicized spelling of the German surname Böing.


Bielefeld

en-proper noun

Bielefeld (countable and uncountable, plural Bielefelds)


Gera

Various origins:
* Borrowed from Punjabi ਗੇੜਾ (geṛā).
* Borrowed from Hungarian Gera or Géra.


Trier

Trier (countable and uncountable, plural Triers)

From German Trier, from Latin Treverorum. Ultimately from the Roman name of the settlement, Augusta Trēverōrum, taken from the Gaulish name of a local tribe of Gauls. Compare also the French name for the city, Trèves.


Putin

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-Putin.wav

Transliteration of Russian Пу́тин (Pútin).

transliteration

Пу́тин Путин#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian surname Пу́тин (Pútin).

Пу́тин Путин#Russian

A masculine-form surname from Russian.; masculine of Putina


Mizrachi

Borrowed from Hebrew מזרחי (mizrakhí, “eastern, easterner”).


Speyer

en-proper noun

Speyer (countable and uncountable, plural Speyers)


Portier

A surname from French, equivalent to English Porter.


Huckabee

(rare) A habitational surname from Old English, variant of Huckaby, derived from the village of Huccaby in Devon, England.


Prokop

From the Czech, Polish, Ukrainian and Belarusian personal name Prokop.


Ullmann

A surname from German of Germanic origin.


Connell

From Irish Ó Conaill (literally “descendant of Conall”), from Proto-Celtic *Kunowalos (literally “dog chief”).

bor

descendant of <i class="Latn mention" lang="ga">Conall</i>

der

A surname from Irish and Scottish, variant of Connel.


Keene

An English surname from Old English, a variant of Keen.

A surname from Irish, a variant of Keane.


Rowley

From Old English components ruh (rough, overgrown) + leah (wood, clearing)

A habitational surname from Old English from the English place name.


Munro

From Scottish Gaelic
* (mountains): Named after Scottish mountaineer Sir Hugh Thomas Munro.

named-after

A Scottish surname from Scottish Gaelic, variant of Monroe


Rami

Borrowed from Arabic رَامِي (rāmī), masculine singular construct form of رَامٍ (rāmin). This surname is predominantly found in Morocco and India.


Guerrero

Borrowed from Spanish. Literally "warrior". Doublet of Warrior.


Hidalgo

en-proper noun

Hidalgo (countable and uncountable, plural Hidalgos)

Borrowed from Spanish Hidalgo, from Spanish hidalgo, from Old Spanish fijo d'algo (“son of something”). The Mexican state is named after independence leader Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla.


Guinness

An Anglicization of an Irish patronymic surname based on Angus.


Sonora

en-proper noun

Sonora (countable and uncountable, plural Sonoras)

Aguascalientes · Baja California · Baja California Sur · Campeche · Chiapas · Chihuahua · Coahuila · Colima · Durango · Guanajuato · Guerrero · Hidalgo · Jalisco · Mexico · Michoacán · Morelos · Nayarit · Nuevo León · Oaxaca · Puebla · Querétaro · Quintana Roo · San Luis Potosí · Sinaloa · Sonora · Tabasco · Tamaulipas · Tlaxcala · Veracruz · Yucatán · Zacatecas


Veracruz

Veracruz (countable and uncountable, plural Veracruzes)

From Spanish Veracruz, from vera (“true”) + cruz (“cross”).


MacGuffin

Alfred Hitchcock
MacGuffin#History_and_use
Ulster

Used by Alfred Hitchcock, as an arbitrary Scottish surname. The actual name comes from Ulster: Mc- (“son of”) + Irish dubh (“black”) + Irish Fionn (literally “fairheaded”).
See also Wikipedia's MacGuffin § History and use.


Sani

Various origins:
* Borrowed from Italian Sani, a patronymic from the medieval personal name Sano.
* Borrowed from Punjabi ਟੀਨਾ (ṭīnā), a surname found among members of the Sikh community.
* Borrowed from Hausa Sani, a surname given to the second of two or more sons, from Arabic ثَانٍ (ṯānin, “second”).


Ames

en-proper noun

Ames (countable and uncountable, plural Ameses)

Translingual: Ames


Magellan

Magellan (usually uncountable, plural Magellans)

/məˈd͡ʒɛlən/

Borrowed from New Latin Magellanus, Latinization of Portuguese Magalhães.

(the explorer and surname Magalhães) Magalhães


Batt

* As an English surname, a pet form of Bartholomew.
* Also as an English surname, possibly from Old English batt (“cudgel”); see modern bat.
* As a German surname, from a derivative of Medieval Latin beatus (“blessed”).

A surname transferred from the given name.


Fibonacci

From Latin filius (“son”) + Italian Bonacci, a diminutive of Bono, from Latin bonum, ultimately meaning literally, "son of the (little) good man."

The Italian mathematician Leonardo Bonacci, who was called Fibonacci, introduced the Hindu-Arabic numeral system to Europe.


Lancelot

Lancelot (countable and uncountable, plural Lancelots)

From Middle English Launcelot, from Old French Lancelot, from Frankish *Lanzo, hypocoristic form of names beginning in *Land-, from Proto-Germanic *landą (“land”), and diminutive Old French endings -el and -ot.
Related to Old English Landbeorht (modern English Lambert).


Reno

Reno (countable and uncountable, plural Renos)

Named after U.S. officer Jesse L. Reno, whose surname's spelling was changed from Renault.


Everard

Variant of Everett, or from Old English eofor (“boar”) + heard (“hardy”).

An English surname transferred from the given name.


Helmer

Helmer (countable and uncountable, plural Helmers)


Daryush

Transliteration of Persian داریوش (“Darius”).


Barker

From Middle English barker (“shepherd; tanner”).

inh

An English surname originating as an occupation.


Farquhar

From Scottish Gaelic Fearchar. Related to fear (“man”), combined with còir (“just, honest, good”), car (“friendly”)), or ciar (“dark grey”).

A Scottish surname from Scottish Gaelic.


Baptiste

Patronymic surname, borrowed from French Baptiste. This surname is mostly found in Haiti.


Perez

A surname from Spanish [in turn originating as a patronymic].


Feldman

A surname from German of German and Jewish origin.


Bateman

en-prop

Bateman (countable and uncountable, plural Batemans)

From Bate + man, with the meaning "servant of Bate".


Rambo

* The name "Rambo" is of unknown origin. It can be dated back to the 17th-century Swedish immigrant Peter Gunnarsson Rambo. According to folk legend it is derived from the mountain Ramberget ("Raven’s Hill") in Gothenburg, whence the Swedish immigrants to Delaware originated in the 17th century.
* "Rambo" is also the name of an old farm in Vestfold county, Norway ("Rambøe" 1664, "Ramboe" 1723) - and about 65 people in Norway have Rambo as a family name. The Old Norse form of the name might have been *Hrafnabú. The first element is then the genitive plurals of hrafn m. 'raven', and the last element is bú n. 'farm'. The name was brought to the US by Norwegian settlers.
* "Rambo" became widely known after John Rambo, a fictional Vietnam War veteran and protagonist of the film series Rambo.
See also Japanese 乱暴 (rambō, “rude; violent; rough; reckless”).


Birnbaum

Borrowed from German Birnbaum, a Jewish Ashkenazi surname.


Jeans

A surname originating as a patronymic derived from a medieval variant of John.


Jacuzzi

A trademark. Named after the Jacuzzi brothers. Obsolete variant of Italian Iacuzzi, as Italian has removed the letter J from native words.


Selwyn

From the Middle English form of Latin Silvanus. Also from the Old English given name Selewine, from sel (“hall”) + wine (“friend”). The places are named after bearers of the surname.


Becker

en-proper noun

Becker (countable and uncountable, plural Beckers)

An English habitational surname from Old Norse from Old Norse bekkr (“brook”).

An English surname from Old English [in turn originating as an occupation] from Old English becca (“mattock”) for a mattock or pickaxe maker.

A surname from German [in turn originating as an occupation] from German Becker from Beck (“baker”).


Everton

Everton (countable and uncountable, plural Evertons)

From Old English eofor (“wild boar”) + tūn (“settlement”).

A habitational surname from Old English.


Bigelow

Bigelow (countable and uncountable, plural Bigelows)

Habitational surname from a minor place in Cheshire, from Middle English big (“big”) + low (“mound, hill”).

(countable) A surname from Middle English.


Armel

Armel (countable and uncountable, plural Armels)


Anis

Borrowed from Arabic أنيس (ʔanīs, “close friend”).


Sheldrake

From sheldrake, a nickname for a vain or showy person.

A surname transferred from the nickname.


Fukui

Borrowed from Japanese 福(ふく)井(い) (Fukui).


Röntgen

A surname from German, notably of Wilhelm Röntgen.


Kanazawa

/ˌkɑnəˈzɑwə/

From Japanese 金沢(かなざわ) (Kanazawa, literally “golden marsh”).


Ishikawa

en-proper noun

Ishikawa (countable and uncountable, plural Ishikawas)

Borrowed from Japanese 石川(いしかわ) (Ishikawa).


Bisset

Bisset (countable and uncountable, plural Bissets)


Glock

The handgun is named after Austrian engineer Gaston Glock (1929–2023).


Mao

As the revered Mao has said, 'There cannot be two suns in the same sky.'

1968, Edward S. Aarons, Assignment—Nuclear Nude, Fawcett Publications, page 135:

RN: You think you should not have gone?
TN: Yeah, I think it was a bad one to do. It was a good idea, but we shouldn't have gone to the University of Maryland … It was the motliest crew you've ever seen.
RN: Well, that's my view about going to the universities. Well, I hope it didn't bother you too much.
TN: No, it didn't. It was just—I know, I was just embarrassed because the Chinese issued a complaint.
RN: A complaint about what?
TN: Oh, you know, that they were being rude to the chairman—they were insulting Chairman Mao. There was nothing we could do! It's a free country!

1972, James Warren, “More Nixon Tapes A selection from recordings in the National Archives”, in The Atlantic:

A common surname from Chinese, from Mandarin, usually referring to Mao Zedong.


Rajput

Borrowed from Hindi राजपूत (rājpūt), from Sanskrit राजपुत्र (rājaputra, “prince”), a compound of राजन् (rājan, “king”) and पुत्र (putra, “son”). See also the related term Fitzroy.


Shoop

* As a German surname, Americanized from Schupp.
* Also an Americanized spelling of Dutch and North German Schoop, from Middle Dutch schoepe and Middle Low German schōpe (“ladle”) (for which see modern Schöpflöffel).


Aomori

Borrowed from Japanese 青(あお)森(もり) (Aomori).


Chao

From Mandarin 趙／赵 (Zhào), Wade-Giles romanization: Chao⁴.


Atkin

From a medieval English and Irish given name. diminutive of Adam using -kin.


Schiller

German poet, philosopher, historian and playwright Friedrich Schiller.


Dickson

An English and Irish surname originating as a patronymic.


Patterson

en-proper noun

Patterson (countable and uncountable, plural Pattersons)

From Middle English Pate, short form of Patrick, + -son.

A Scottish and Northern English surname originating as a patronymic.


Atkinson

Atkinson (countable and uncountable, plural Atkinsons)

A surname from Middle English [in turn originating as a patronymic] meaning "son of Atkin", a Middle English diminutive of Adam.


Raab

en-proper-noun

Raab (countable and uncountable, plural Raabs)


Romulus

Borrowed from French Romulus. This surname is mostly found in Haiti.


Bose

Borrowed from colloquial Bengali বোস (bōs).


Bowles

Variant of Bowell with post-medieval excrescent -s.


Boucher

Borrowed from French Boucher. Doublet of Butcher.


Bowie

From Irish Ó Buadhaigh and Scottish Gaelic Mac 'Ille Bhuidh.


Davie

A surname transferred from the given name, derived from David.


Moe

A surname, possibly formed by abbreviation of Moses or another name beginning with "Mo-".

A male given name; diminutive of Moses and Maurice.


Bremer

Borrowed from German Bremer, equivalent to Brem(en) + -er.


Bhattacharya

Borrowed from Bengali ভট্টাচার্য (bhoṭṭacarjo).


Katz

From Hebrew כ"ץ (Katz), Abbreviation of כֹּהֵן צֶדֶק (kohén tzédeq).


Aylmer

From Old English Æþelmǣr, from æþel (“noble”) + mǣre, mær (“famous”). Doublet of Elmer.


Gregg

A surname originating as a patronymic derived from Gregory and Gregor.


Gerber

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Gerber.wav

Niklaus Gerber was a Swiss dairy chemist and industrialist.


Garant

Occupational surname, borrowed from French Garant, from garant (“guarantor”).


Bullock

en-proper noun

Bullock (countable and uncountable, plural Bullocks)


Buckland

Buckland (countable and uncountable, plural Bucklands)

From Old English bōc (“book”) + land (“land”).


Keziah

Borrowed from Hebrew קְצִיעָה (Qəṣî‘āh).

bor

Hebrew קְצִיעָה (Qəṣî‘āh)


Mitra

Transliteration of Bengali মিত্র (mitrô).


Herra

Borrowed from Spanish Herra. This surname is mostly found in Costa Rica.


Adlington

en-proper noun

Adlington (countable and uncountable, plural Adlingtons)

From the Old English personal name Ēadwulf + -ing (“belonging to”) + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”).


Addington

Addington (countable and uncountable, plural Addingtons)

Probably from the Old English personal names Eadda or Æddi + -ing (“belonging to”) + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”).


Myerscough

From Old Norse mýrr and skógr, meaning "boggy wood".

A habitational surname from Old Norse, originating in Lancashire.


Catterall

Catterall (countable and uncountable, plural Catteralls)

Unknown. Possibly from Old English halh (“water meadow”) with given name Cater. Possibly from Old Norse kattarhali (“cat's tail”).


Allerton

The name of the English location is possibly from Old English alor (“alder”) + -tun, or possibly it was named for Alfred the Great. It is in the Domesday Book as Alvertune.


Ainsworth

Ainsworth (countable and uncountable, plural Ainsworths)

From Old English Ægen + -es and worþ or worð, meaning "Aegen's enclosure".


Alston

From Old English Ælfes (given name with possessive) tun, translating as "Ælf's town".


Altham

From Old English ælfet + hamm, meaning "water meadow where swans are found".


Appley

Appley (countable and uncountable, plural Appleys)

From Old English æppel and leah, meaning "apple-tree clearing". Equivalent to apple + -ley (“lea”).


Anderton

From Old English Eanred + tun, meaning "Eanred's town".


Astley

Astley (countable and uncountable, plural Astleys)

From Old English ēast + lēah, meaning “east meadow” or “east clearing”. Equivalent to east + -ley (“lea”).


Ayre

English and Scottish surname, variant of Ayer.


Aughton

Aughton (countable and uncountable, plural Aughtons)

From Old English ac (“oak”) + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”); compare the doublet Acton.


Immelmann

From German Immelmann.
* (aviation): From Max Immelmann, a WWI German fighter ace.


Papertsian

From Armenian Բաբերցյան (Babercʻyan), Պապերցյան (Papercʻyan).


Bennington

From Bennington, Vermont, headquarters of the Bennington Marble Company.


Camus

From the French surname, from the adjective camus (“flat-nosed”). This also appears as Spanish and Catalan camús, cognate with the French word.


Falco

Borrowed from Italian Falco and Catalan Falcó.


Leighton

Various place names in England, Old English leac (“leek”) + tun (“settlement”), also in the sense of a herb garden.


Marcos

From Romance (Spanish Marcos and Portuguese Marcos).


Crapper

An English surname originating as an occupation, variant of Cropper (“a cropper”).


Anson

From Ann + -son (the former word is a diminutive).

An English surname transferred from the given name meaning "son of Agnes".


Nevil

A surname from Old French, a variant of Neville.


Steinmetz

From German Steinmetz, an occupational name for a stonemason.


Bhatt

A surname from India that is common in many ethnicities in India.


Bhatta

A surname from Sanskrit that is common in many ethnicities in Nepal and India Punjab phatta village and Ranipur village.


Bhat

A surname from India common among many ethnicities in India.


Vaughan

Borrowed from Welsh Vychan, from bychan, diminutive of bach (“little”).


Sherlock

Supposedly from an Old English scir-lock (“bright-lock”).
One of a group of surnames originally denoting hair colour, parallel to Blacklock, Harlock (Old English har (“grey”)), Silverlock.
In the computing verb sense, refers to the software Sherlock, which in 2002 came to replicate some of the features of an earlier complementary program called Watson.

An English surname transferred from the nickname.


Keats

From a Middle English byname meaning “kite” (bird), from kete, from Old English cȳta (“kite, bittern”), from Proto-Germanic *kūtijô, diminutive of *kūts (“bird of prey”), from Proto-Indo-European *gū- (“to cry, screech”).

der

A surname transferred from the nickname or originating as a patronymic.


Clapham

An English habitational surname from Old English derived from these places.


Walia

Borrowed from Punjabi ਵਾਲੀਆ (vālīā), a surname of unexplained origin.


Cockayne

From Middle English cokayne (“cloud-cuckooland, Cockaigne”), a nickname for an idle dreamer.


Collett

en-proper noun

Collett (countable and uncountable, plural Colletts)

From a medieval diminutive of Coll, from the given name Nicholas.


Coe

en-prop

Coe (countable and uncountable, plural Coes)

English surname, from Middle English co and Old English ca (“jackdaw”), similar to caw, Scots ka.


Heuer

From the German surname, from Heu (“hay”).


Erno

Probably an Americanized spelling of French Arnaud or a variant of German Erne.


Avent

Perhaps a reduced form of the Anglo-Norman personal name or nickname Avenant, from Old French avenant (“fitting, apt; beautiful”).


Bowery

Unexplained. Perhaps a topographic surname for someone who lived in a small cottage, from Middle English bour (“chamber, cottage”) or, alternatively, an occupational surname for someone who worked there.

unk

Unexplained


Adnan

From Arabic عَدْنَان (ʕadnān, “settler”).


Buxton

en-proper noun

Buxton (countable and uncountable, plural Buxtons)

Two main origins:
* The town in Derbyshire derives from Old English būgan (“to bend, bow”) + stān (“stone”).
* The village in Norfolk derives from the Old English personal name Bucc + -s- + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”).

A habitational surname from Old English.


Gottfried

Jewish and German surname, from Gott (“god”) + Friede (“peace”).


Comber

Comber (countable and uncountable, plural Combers)


Simson

From Sim, the short form of Simon + -son.

A surname originating as a patronymic, "son of Sim", variant of Simpson.


Napier

A Scottish surname originating as an occupation for someone who sold table linen, or was in charge of the linen of a great house.


Stefani

Stefani (countable and uncountable, plural Stefanis)


Jewell

Medieval/Middle English form of a Breton saint's name, from Old Breton Judicaël "lord" + "generous." The second element is from hael (“generous, bountiful”) and identical to Welsh hael (“generous”) (see that entry for details).


Galloway

From Scottish Gaelic (eadar na) Gall-Ghàidhealaibh (literally “(among the) foreign Gaels”), a term used for Gaelic-speaking Norse settlers.


Salomon

Jewish, German, Dutch, Danish, Polish, French, Breton, Haitian, Mauritian, and Spanish (as Salomón) surname, all a variant of Solomon.


Grossman

From German Grossmann, from groß (“great, large, tall”) + Mann (“man; male adult”).

A surname from German of German and Jewish Ashkenazi origin.


Clayden

A habitational surname from Old English, variant of Claydon.


Nibley

en-proper noun

Nibley (countable and uncountable, plural Nibleys)

From Old English hnybbe (“peak, top, summit”) + lēah (“woodland clearing, glade”).


Freeman

en-proper noun

Freeman (countable and uncountable, plural Freemans)

* Proprialisation of freeman. From originating as a freeman (instead of a serf, indentured, or some other status)
* free + man. A surname taken up by freed slaves.

(countable) A surname.
An English surname from Middle English.

A freed slave surname originating as an occupation.


Lavigne

From French la vigne (“the vine, the vineyard”).


Douglass

A surname from Scottish Gaelic, a less common spelling of Douglas.


Schwartz

Borrowed from German Schwartz. Doublet of Swart.


Messerschmitt

After aircraft designer and manufacturer Willy Messerschmitt (1898–1978).


Wendell

Short form of Germanic compound names beginning with the tribal name Wendel-, "a Wend".


Carmadie

(rare) A surname from Irish, a rare spelling variant of Carmody.


Petersen

From Danish Petersen or, less often, from Norwegian Petersen.


Burbank

"The bur-covered riverbank", from bur + bank.


Westbrook

From the Old English words for "west brook".


New

* As an English surname, from the adjective new.
* Also as an English surname, from a misdivision of Middle English atten ew (“at the yew”).
* As a German and Jewish surname, Americanized from Neu.
* As a Chinese surname, from a Romanization of 牛 (niú) (see Niu) and 梁 (liáng) (see Liang).

The surname, "New," appears on both Hampshire Co., Virginia and Pendleton Co., Kentucky records.

1980, John Douglas Sinks, Karen Mirinda Cain, Sinks: A Family History, page 9:

A surname transferred from the nickname.


Manko

Borrowed from Ukrainian Манько (Manʹko).


Hornsby

From places in England, from genitive singular of the Old Norse given name Ormr (“serpent”) + býr (“settlement”).


Hieronymus

en-proper noun

Hieronymus (countable and uncountable, plural Hieronymuses)

From Latin Hierōnymus, from Ancient Greek Ἱερώνυμος (Hierṓnumos, “holy name”). Doublet of Jerome.

der

A surname transferred from the given name.


Gregorio

Borrowed from Italian Gregorio. Doublet of Gregory.


Scanlon

en-proper noun

Scanlon (countable and uncountable, plural Scanlons)

Reduced Anglicized form of Irish Ó Scannláin (“descendant of Scannlán”), a personal name derived from a diminutive of Scannal. Compare Scannell.


Betten

Borrowed from Dutch and North German Betten.


Dunstan

From the name of a 10th century Archbishop of Canterbury, from Old English dunn (“dark”) + stān (“stone”).


Sandoval

en-proper noun

Sandoval (countable and uncountable, plural Sandovals)

From Spanish, named after the city in Burgos Province, Spain, from Old Spanish Sannoval, from Latin saltus (“grove”) + novālis (“newly cleared land”).


Tanaka

Borrowed from Japanese 田(た)中(なか) (tanaka).


Crist

Apparently from Old English Crīst, Crist (the vowel may originally have been long in early OE, with subsequent shortening in late OE, see Notes for Christmas on the OED.com website), possibly applied as a nickname for someone who played the part of Christ in a pageant, or alternatively a pet form of the personal names Christian or Christopher.


Panter

An occupational surname, from Middle English panter (“manager of the pantry and food”).


Obama

Translingual: Obamadon, Obamus, Etheostoma obama (spangled darter), Tosanoides obama, Caloplaca obamae (Obama lichen)

Corruption of by-name Luo Mobam (“born with a crooked back”), itself from Luo obam (“to lean or bend”).

(The Browns gave the Obamas an ornate penholder made from the timber of a Victorian antislave ship.)

2009 March 4, Helene Cooper, “Obama’s Star Turn at Summit Gets Mixed Results”, in The New York Times:

From his studies of these thinkers and activists, Mr. Obama took what he called the “Niebuhrian” lesson that we can have “a cleareyed view of the world and the realities of cruelty and sin and greed and violence, and yet, still maintain a sense of hope and possibility, as an act of will and leap of faith.”

2020 December 8, Michiko Kakutani, “Obama, the Best-Selling Author, on Reading, Writing and Radical Empathy”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

United States of America
United States of America

Barack Obama, 44th president of the United States of America.


Mays

* As an English surname, variant of Mayes.
* As a German surname, variant of Mais.
* As a Dutch surname, from a short form of Thomas.


Nowak

Borrowed from Polish Nowak, meaning a newcomer to a village.


Dario

Borrowed from Italian Dario and Spanish Darío.


Rosen

Jewish, German, Swedish, and English surname, all related to the noun rose and the name Rose. Compare Rosén, Roseen, Rosene.


Lyssy

Americanized form of Czech and Slovak Lysý, a nickname from lysý (“bald”).


Amundsen

A surname of Danish and Norwegian origin.


Angell

en-prop

Angell (countable and uncountable, plural Angells)


Andersen

A surname from Danish [in turn originating as a patronymic] of Danish and Norwegian origin.


Aagaard

From North Germanic (Scandinavian), from Danish Aagaard, Norwegian Aagaard.


Tamer

Borrowed from Arabic تامر. This surname is predominantly found in Egypt.


Mazhar

Borrowed from Arabic مَظْهَر (maẓhar), a male given name. This surname is predominantly found in Pakistan.


Erman

Americanized spelling of German Ehrmann.


Kadir

Borrowed from Arabic قَادِر (qādir, “powerful, capable”). This surname is predominantly found in Indonesia and India.


Osman

From Ottoman Turkish and Persian عثمان (ʿOsman), from Arabic عُثْمَان (ʕUṯmān). Widely used as an anglicization of cognate names across the Islamic world, including Somali Cismaan.

der

Arabic عُثْمَان (ʕUṯmān)


Osmond

Old Norse Ásmundr, from áss (“a god”) + mund (“protection, hand”). Later merged with a Norman French Osmont, from the same Old Norse root.


Allegra

Borrowed from Italian allegra (“cheerful”), inspired by the musical term allegro.


Yngling

From Norwegian yngling, Danish yngling, Swedish yngling (“youngster”); from Old Norse ungr (“young”) + -lingr (diminutive suffix, compare -ling), also a surname in Old Norse. Doublet of youngling.

A surname from Old Norse, especially used of members of the oldest known Scandinavian dynasty, the Ynglings, who were supposedly descended from Frey.


Carrol

A surname from Irish, a less common spelling of Carroll, derived from the Irish Ó Cearbhaill.


Bueller

(waiting for absent response): From the movie Ferris Bueller's Day Off (1986). Ben Stein's character, when doing roll-call, called "Bueller" multiple times with no answer, as Ferris Bueller was absent.


Snake

en-proper noun

Snake (countable and uncountable, plural Snakes)

en:Snake (disambiguation)
en:Snake (zodiac)
en:Snake River

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Snake.wav


Cauchy

A French surname; notably that of prolific mathematician Augustin-Louis Cauchy (1789-1857).


Romanova

Borrowed from Bulgarian and Russian Романова (Romanova), feminine form of Романов (Romanov).

The narrative also mentions a woman called Anna Romanova, supposed to be Akulina's associate, who is not named in the inquest and may not have existed at all.

1999, “Castration and the Heavenly Kingdom: A Russian Folktale”, in Laura Engelstein, retrieved 2023-01-21:


Rodi

Rodi (countable and uncountable, plural Rodis)


Fabio

Borrowed from Spanish Fabio, Italian Fabio and Portuguese Fábio.


Irvine

en-prop

Irvine (countable and uncountable, plural Irvines)

Probably from Celtic words cognate with Welsh ir, yr (“green, fresh”) + afon (“water”).

A surname from Scottish Gaelic derived from the place name.


Barlow

From Old English bere (“barley”) + hlǣw (“hill”) or lēah (“wood, clearing”).

A habitational surname from Old English originating from one of these villages.


Mei

Typically renders the common Chinese surnames Mandarin 梅 (méi, literally “plum”) and Mandarin 枚 (méi, literally “tree trunk”).


Gergely

Borrowed from the Hungarian personal name Gergely.


Amory

Medieval personal name from Proto-Germanic *amal- (“vigor, bravery”) + *rīks (“ruler”). For the first element, compare *ammōną (“to bother, irritate”).


Kellogg

Originally a nickname for a butcher, from "kill hog".

An English surname transferred from the nickname.


Emory

A surname originating as a patronymic, variant of Emery.


Emery

From medieval Germanic personal names, either a variant of Amory, from Amalric, Proto-Germanic *amal (“vigor, bravery”) (compare *ammōną) + Old High German rīhhi (“ruler”), or of Henry, from Old High German Heimrich, from heim (“home”) + rīhhi (“ruler”).


Emmerich

en-proper noun

Emmerich (countable and uncountable, plural Emmerichs)


Federico

Borrowed from Italian Federico (through immigration). Doublet of Frederick.


Mannes

Various origins:
* Borrowed from German Mannes, a patronymic form of Mann.
* Borrowed from Dutch Mannes, a variant of Magnus, Mannen or Manes.
* Borrowed from Norwegian Mannes, a habitational surname from a place in Rogaland.


Ogden

Places in England, from Old English āc (“oak”) + denu (“valley”).

A habitational surname from Old English.


Gryme

An English surname, probably derived from Old Norse grimr or grimmr


Grimes

Grimes (countable and uncountable, plural Grimeses)


Schweizer

Borrowed from German Schweizer. Doublet of Switzer.


Bryant

en-prop

Bryant (countable and uncountable, plural Bryants)

When Bryant returned in 2015-16 for what would become his final campaign, each stop became a celebration of Bryant’s achievements, but those all paled compared to that last night at Staples.

2021 April 13, Bill Oram, “Remembering Kobe Bryant’s final game: Five years later, five untold stories about the Lakers legend’s 60-point night”, in The New York Times:

A surname from Irish [in turn originating as a patronymic] derived from Brian.


Miki

Borrowed from Japanese 三木 (Miki), 三鬼 (Miki) or みき (Miki).


Quant

Nickname from Middle English cwointe (“intelligent, smart, cunning”), the origin of quaint.


Badger

From Old English Bæcg (“a personal name”) + ofer (“hill spur”).
The name of the town in Newfoundland likely derives from the surname of one of its first inhabitants.


Earle

A surname originating as an occupation, variant of Earl.


Kelley

A surname from Irish, a less common spelling of Kelly.


Rothschild

head

Rothschild (plural Rothschilds or (nonstandard) Rothschildren)

Rothschilds (plural)
Rothschildren (nonstandard plural)

Borrowed from German Rothschild (literally “red shield”) with a spelling pronunciation (as though equivalent to English Roth's child).

bor+

/ˈɹəʊ̯t.ʃɪld/


Cotton

From Old English cot-tūn (“cottage farmstead”), from cot (“cottage”) + tūn (“homestead”).


Sardar

Borrowed from Persian سردار (sardâr). Doublet of serdar.


Fulton

From Foulden, a village in Norfolk, from Old English fuġol (“bird”) + tūn (“dwelling”).

An English habitational surname from Old English.


Carrick

Anglicised version of Irish carraig, Scottish Gaelic carraig or Cornish karrek, all meaning rock.


Montagu

From Old French mont aigu ("sharp mountain").


Cài

Anglicized form of a common Chinese A surname.


Ras

Various origins:
* Borrowed from Czech Raš and Polish Raś, a pet form of various Slavic personal names
* Borrowed from Spanish Ras, from ras (“level”); perhaps a topographic surname for someone who lived on flat land
* Borrowed from French and Catalan Ras, from ras (“shorn, peeled, bare”), hence a topographic surname for someone who lived on a barren or razed area
* Borrowed from Dutch Ras, nickname for a nimble person, from ras (“quick, swift”)


Chu

Typically, the Wade–Giles romanization of the common Mandarin 朱 (Zhū) Wade-Giles romanization: Chu¹.


Pitcairn

Named after Robert Pitcairn, the first Westerner to sight the island officially.


Hollander

From Middle English holander, Hollander; equivalent to Holland + -er; compare the German Holländer.


Spears

en-proper noun

Spears (countable and uncountable, plural Spearses or Spears)


Wilkins

Wilkins (countable and uncountable, plural Wilkins or Wilkinses)

In most cases, the surname derives from the Middle English Wilkin, from Will, diminutive of William, + -kin (“small”). However, in the case of a formidable number of those that bear the surname 'Wilkins', the name derives from an earlier form Welsh Wilkyn, itself from Middle English Wylcolyna or Witcoline, from Latin Wintona, compare Winton.

A surname originating as a patronymic.
An English surname from Middle English.

A surname originating as a patronymic.
A surname from Welsh.


Sumner

A surname originating as an occupation for a summoner in court.


Emsworth

An English habitational surname from Old English derived from the town.


Zea

Borrowed from Galician and Spanish Zea, probably a variant of Cea, named after several placenames in the Iberian peninsula.


Cohen

A surname from Hebrew. The most popular Jewish surname.


Kirby

Kirby (countable and uncountable, plural Kirbys)

Originally Kirkby, from kirk (“church”) + -by (“habitation”), "village with a church".

John Kirby ― (name of a lawyer)

(countable) A habitational surname from Old English originally for a person from Kirby.


Prue

Prue (countable and uncountable, plural Prues)

Two possible origins:
* A nickname for a valiant warrior, from Middle English prou (“brave, valiant”), itself from Old French proux.
* An Americanized spelling of French Prou.


Mosko

* As a Polish, Ukrainian, Slovak Moško), Belarusian Мосько (Mosʹko)) and Jewish surname, from a Slavic pet form of Moses.
* As a Greek surname, a variant of Moskos, from a personal name derived from μόσχος (móschos, “musk”). Compare Mosco.


Sánchez

Alternative form of Sanchez; A surname from Spanish.


Baha

From Arabic بَهَاء (bahāʔ, “splendor, glory”).


Guenther

en-proper noun

Guenther (countable and uncountable, plural Guenthers)


Eiland

Borrowed from Dutch eiland and North German Eiland. Compare Eilander.


Meyer

Meyer (countable and uncountable, plural Meyers)

* As a German and Alemannic German surname, from the noun Meier (“leaseholder of a manor”). Compare Maier, Mayer, Meier, Myer.
* As a Jewish surname, from Yiddish מאיר (mir). Compare Majer, Major, Mayor, Meir.
* As a Dutch/West Flemish surname, variant of Meijer.

A surname from German [in turn originating as an occupation] from Middle High German meier (“bailiff”).

An Ashkenazi surname from Yiddish [in turn originating as a patronymic].

An English surname originating as an occupation, an alternative form of Mayer.

(countable) A surname.
A surname from Danish.


MacDonald

From Scottish Gaelic Mac Dhòmhnaill, equivalent to "son of Donald".

A surname from Scottish Gaelic common in Scotland.


Dakasian

From Armenian Դաքեսյան (Dakʻesyan), Դագասյան (Dagasyan).

Jack Dakasian always commenced class with “good morning.”
“Good morning Mr. Dakasian,” the class all responded at once.

2012, Henry Pelifian, Land of the Tuk-Tuk, page 9:


Aa

The river names are ostensibly from Proto-West Germanic *ahu (“river”).


Toledo

Borrowed from Spanish Toledo, from Latin Tolētum.


Turing

(programming language): Named after Alan Turing.


Pinard

A surname from French originating in France.


Balsam

Borrowed from German Balsam, an occupational surname for a seller of perfumes. It could also be an English habitational surname, from Balsham, in Cambridgeshire.


Petrosyan

Borrowed from Armenian Պետրոսյան (Petrosyan), from the given name Պետրոս (Petros) (equivalent to Peter) + patronymic suffix -յան (-yan). The forms with B- reflect the Western Armenian pronunciation.

A surname from Armenian, equivalent to English Peterson.


Mallen

An English surname originating as a matronymic, variant of Malin.


Bennet

From Benedict. See French Benoît, Norman Beneît. Doublet of Benoit and Benito.

A surname transferred from the given name, a less common spelling of Bennett.


Johansen

From North Germanic (Danish Johansen and Norwegian Johansen).

A surname from the North Germanic languages, Norwegian, or Danish.


Jensen

A surname from Danish [in turn originating as a patronymic] of Danish or Norwegian origin.


Damas

Borrowed from Portuguese and Spanish Damas.


Goans

Possibly an altered spelling of German Gans or Ganz.


Garand

Borrowed from French Garand. The rifle is named after its designer, John Garand.


Remington

The surname is from Rimington, from Old English rima (“edge, border”) + -ing + -tun (literally “settlement by the boundary stream”).

One of his movies may suggest an inward unity and spaciousness that seems a mark of good fiction, as in The Big Sleep; it may have the scope and resonance to fill a historical landscape worthy of Remington, as Red River does.

2011 January 14, David Bromwich, “Howard Hawks, Hollywood's finest practitioner of everyday chivalry”, in The Guardian:

Rafe loved Remington. He so typified the old West.

2008, Erik D. Stoops, Serpentauria, page 19:

In jeans, a long sleeved canvas shirt and boots, Young gave the appearance of a living Remington painting as he listened quietly to Jenkins' rendition of the story.

2000, William Blackmon, The Tribulation Cycle, iUniverse, page 231:

An English habitational surname from Old English; (art) used specifically of Frederic Remington (1861–1909), an American artist who specialized in depictions of the Old West.


Collyer

A surname originating as an occupation, variant of Collier.


Picard

From Picardy, region of northern France.

The statements of Mr. Sulman and Mr. Picard, two Minerals Separation engineers, […] form an interesting comparison

1920, American Institute of Mining Engineers, Engineering and mining journal: Volume 110:

Dr. Crusher, using the sample Shinzon provided, confirms that he is a clone of Captain Picard. Furious, Picard wants to know who stole a piece of him.

2003, Larry Nemecek, The Star Trek The Next Generation Companion: Revised Edition, page 349:


Damasco

Borrowed from Italian or Spanish Damasco; this surname is predominantly found in the Philippines.


Babilonia

Borrowed from Spanish Babilonia; this surname is predominantly found in Colombia.


Jarvis

A surname derived from a Middle English form of Gervase.


Gervais

Borrowed from French Gervais, from Latin Gervasius.


Cass

* As an English surname, from a pet form of Cassandra.
* As an Irish surname, from Ó Cais (“descendant of the curly-haired one”), from cas (“curly”).


Paterson

From a Middle English short form of Patrick + -son.


Bowlen

Perhaps an Americanized form of German Bohlen.


Tsou

From Mandarin 鄒／邹 (Zōu), Wade-Giles romanization: Tsou¹.


Yao

From Mandarin 姚 (yáo) and Hokkien 姚 (iâu).


Locken

Probably an Americanized spelling of Norwegian Løkken or German Löcken.


Cayley

Cayley (countable and uncountable, plural Cayleys)

A surname from Old French of Norman origin from a place name Cailly in France.


Deane

* As an Irish surname, Anglicized from Mac an Deagánaigh (“son of the Deacon”), see Deacon.
* As an English surname, variant of Dean.

A surname from Middle English, a variant of Dean.


Pedersen

* As a Danish and Norwegian surname, borrowed from Danish and Norwegian Pedersen. Compare Petersen.
* As an English surname, variant of Peterson.


Nielsen

From Danish and Norwegian Nielsen. Doublet of Nicholson.

A surname from Danish [in turn originating as a patronymic], also used in Norway.


Royal

A habitational surname, shaped by folk etymology, from places in England, Riehale, Righale, Ryhill and Ryall, Old English ryge (“rye”) + hyll (“hill”), and Royle, rā (“roe”) + hyll (“hill”).


Hansen

Hansen (countable and uncountable, plural Hansens)

From Danish Hansen and Norwegian Hansen.

A surname from Danish [in turn originating as a patronymic] of Danish and Norwegian origin.


Peterson

Peterson (countable and uncountable, plural Petersons)

English, Scottish, and German surname, from Peter + -son. Found parallel in many other languages, such as Norwegian and Danish Pedersen, Pettersen, Polish Piotrowicz, Slovene Petrič, Petrovčič, Petrovič, Petric, Petrovic, etc. Also Americanized from Swedish Petersson, Pettersson.

A surname transferred from the given name.


Bhatti

Borrowed from Punjabi ਭੱਟੀ (bhaṭṭī). This surname is used mainly by a Jat, Gujjar Rajput tribe of Pakistani and Indian Punjab.


Kanaan

Borrowed from Arabic كَنْعَان (kanʕān). This surname is mostly found in Lebanon.


Cropper

An English surname originating as an occupation for a cropper.


Bentham

From Old English *beonot (“bent grass”) + hām (“homestead, village”).

An English habitational surname from Old English derived from any of several places.


Cirillo

Borrowed from Italian Cirillo. Doublet of Cyril.


Harper

A surname originating as an occupation for a player of the harp.


Greig

A Scottish surname transferred from the given name based on the given name Gregory.


Curry

A surname from Irish, anglicized from Irish Ó Comhraidhe.

A Scottish surname from Scottish Gaelic, a variant of Currie.


Jenn

A surname originating as a patronymic derived from a medieval variant of John.


Sagan

The unit is derived from the phrase "billions and billions (of stars)", erroneously attributed to the American astronomer Carl Sagan. The lower bound of such a number must be two billion plus two billion, or four billion. Johnny Carson popularized the phrase through his occasional impersonation of Sagan throughout his career.


Fayette

Fayette
Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette

After Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette


Fukuoka

Borrowed from Japanese 福(ふく)岡(おか) (Fukuoka).


Chiba

Borrowed from Japanese 千(ち)葉(ば) (Chiba).


Okayama

Borrowed from Japanese 岡山(おかやま) (Okayama).


Magadan

Borrowed from Spanish Magadán. This surname is mostly found in the Philippines.


Luger

From the German surname, from Lugau in Saxony, a placename of Slavic origin.


Matsuyama

Borrowed from Japanese 松山(まつやま) (Matsuyama).


Walen

Borrowed from Dutch Walen or a variant of Wallen.


Rae

A Scottish surname transferred from the nickname. A variant of Roe.


Sanders

Sanders (countable and uncountable, plural Sanderses)

From the Middle English Sander, a shortened form of Alexander + suffix -s.


Hui

Borrowed from Mandarin 惠 (Huì), 回 (Huí), or Cantonese 許／许 (hui2).


Walsh

Walsh (countable and uncountable, plural Walshes)

Inherited from Middle English Walsch, from Old English wælisċ, variant of wīelisċ, from Proto-West Germanic *walhisk, from Proto-Germanic *walhiskaz.

An Irish surname transferred from the nickname of Anglo-Norman origin, meaning Briton or foreigner. Also a translation of Breathnach, with the same meaning.


Makepeace

A surname transferred from the nickname.


Carmine

The given name is borrowed from Italian Carmine.


Miyazaki

Borrowed from Japanese 宮崎(みやざき) (Miyazaki).


Remedios

Borrowed from Spanish Remedios. This surname is predominantly found in the Philippines.


Eiffel

From French Eiffel, from German Eiffel, Eifel. Family name adopted as a reference to the Eifel mountains.


Rosario

From Spanish rosario (“rosary”). Doublet of rosarium and rosary.


Lim

From Korean, including 임 (Im), 林 or 任; 림 (Rim), 林.


Lim

Borrowed from Hokkien 林. Doublet of Lin and Lam.


Kwok

From Cantonese 郭 (gwok³). Doublet of Guo and Kuo.

A surname from Cantonese of Chinese origin.


Wong

From Cantonese, from Chinese:
* 王 (wong⁴, “king”). Doublet of Vuong and Wang.
* 黃／黄 (wong⁴, “yellow”). Doublet of Huynh and Huang.
* 汪 (wong¹).


Cheng

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 程 (Chéng).

The philosopher-official Ch’eng Hao (1033-1084), for example, won much esteem from officialdom and the intelligentsia when, as the magistrate of Fu-kou county, he stubbornly refused to implement the pao-chia system which was one of the prized projects of Emperior^([sic – meaning Emperor]) Shen-tsung (r. 1068-1085) and his reformist Prime Minister Wang An-shih (1019-1086).

[1965, Franklin W. Houn, “The Chinese Monarch and Limits on Royal Power”, in Chinese Political Traditions, Washington, D.C.: Public Affairs Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 47:


Cheng

From Cantonese 鄭／郑 (zeng⁶) and the Wade–Giles Chêng⁴ romanization of Mandarin 鄭／郑 (Zhèng).

A sergeant in the Third Precinct’s criminal investigation division, surnamed Cheng (鄭), had invited seven other officers to the gathering at a restaurant in Keelung’s Nuannuan District (暖暖) on the evening of Friday last week, the bureau said in a statement.

2023 January 20, “Police reprimanded for attending mob boss birthday party”, in Taipei Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-01-20, Taiwan News, page 2:


Khoo

Borrowed from Hokkien 邱 (Khu), mostly found in Malaysia.


Pua

Borrowed from Spanish Pua, from Hokkien 潘 (Phoaⁿ).


Uy

Derived from Hokkien 黃／黄 (Ûiⁿ), via Spanish Uy.

(chiefly Philippines) A surname from Hokkien


Ponton

Three main origins:
* English and Scottish habitational surname, from the villages of Great and Little Ponton, named probably with an obscure Old English word pamp (“hill”) + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”).
* Borrowed from French Ponton.
* Borrowed from Spanish Pontón.


Winterbourne

From Old English winterburna, = winter + burna.


Feuerstein

Borrowed from German Feuerstein. Doublet of Firestone.


Ringo

From Middle English Ryngros, from Anglo-Norman Ryngotherose, from Norman Ringerose, from Old Norse Hringr, from hringr (“ring”). Compare the surname Ringold.


Cowie

A Scottish habitational surname from Scottish Gaelic.


Bouvier

A surname from French, equivalent to English Coward or Cowherd.


McNichol

A Scottish and Irish surname from Scottish Gaelic [in turn originating as a patronymic] derived from Nichol.


Nichol

A Scottish and Irish surname transferred from the given name derived from the given name Nicholas.


Frizell

Frizell (countable and uncountable, plural Frizells)


Costello

Reduced Anglicized form of Irish Mac Oisdealbhaigh (“son of Oisdealbhach”), a personal name composed of the elements os (“deer”) and dealbhach (“resembling, in the form of”).


Amie

Perhaps a variant spelling of the female given name Amy.


Onley

en-proper noun

Onley (countable and uncountable, plural Onleys)

From Old English ān (“only, alone”) + lēah (“woodland clearing, glade”).

(countable) A habitational surname from Old English.


Zwingli

Borrowed from German Zwingli, itself from Alemannic German Zwingli.

A surname from German [in turn from Alemannic German], notably borne by Huldrych Zwingli, a leader of the Reformation in Switzerland.


Guggenheim

Jewish surname, from Gougenheim in Alsace or Jugenheim in Hesse. The first element could be from the Germanic personal name Gogo(n); the second element is from Old High German heim (“home”).

A museum in Venice is dedicated to Peggy Guggenheim's work.


Gan

Gan (countable and uncountable, plural Gans)

Borrowed from Mandarin 甘 (Gān), Hokkien 顏／颜 (Gân), etc.


Gagen

Gagen (countable and uncountable, plural Gagens)

Two main origins:
* Variant of Gahan or Geoghegan, two surname of Irish origin.
* Borrowed from German Gagen, a topographic surname from a Tyrolean term meaning "Alpine dairy hut".


Alberico

Patronymic surname borrowed from Italian Alberico.


Alcide

Borrowed from French Alcide; this surname is predominantly found in Haiti.


Alipio

Borrowed from Spanish Alipio; this surname is predominantly found in the Philippines.


Aniceto

Borrowed from Spanish or Portuguese Aniceto. This surname is predominantly found in Mozambique.


Fliss

Germanized or Americanized form of Polish Flis.


Deighton

Deighton (countable and uncountable, plural Deightons)

From Old English dīċ (“ditch, trench, moat”) + tūn (“enclosure; settlement”); compare the doublet Ditton.


Antonino

Antonino (countable and uncountable, plural Antoninos)

Borrowed from Italian and Spanish Antonino.


Dayton

Dayton (countable and uncountable, plural Daytons)

A variant spelling of Deighton.
* Most of the placenames are derived from the surname; or another place named Dayton, that in turn is derived from the surname.


Tauber

Borrowed from German Tauber, an occupational surname for a pigeon breeder, from Taube (“pigeon”) + -er.


Kiracofe

Respelling of Dutch Kircove or German Kirchhoff, topographic names for someone living by the churchyard.

A rare American surname from Dutch or German.


Kiracofe

Borrowed from Bulgarian Кира́ков (Kirákov) (compare the name Кирил (Kiril)).


Bing

A surname from Old English of Old English origin and unknown meaning.


Ridge

en-proper noun

Ridge (countable and uncountable, plural Ridges)

From ridge. Originating from Middle English.

A toponymic surname from Middle English, named after the natural feature.


Halls

en-proper-noun

Halls (countable and uncountable, plural Hallses)


Fox

en-proper noun

Fox (countable and uncountable, plural Foxes or Foxs)

* (surname): From fox (“vulpine animal”)

A surname transferred from the common noun derived from the name of the animal.


Goldberg

From German Gold (“gold”) and Berg (“mountain”). One of the ornamental names chosen by Jews who were forced to take surnames in 18th and 19th century Germany.

A surname from German, fairly common in the United States.


Nadal

From Romance (French Nadal (“Occitan Nadal”), Spanish Nadal (“Catalan Nadal, Occitan Nadal”), Italian Nadal (“Venetan Nadal”)). From Latin natalis (“birth, birthday”).

bor

Occitan <i class="Latn mention" lang="oc">Nadal</i>

Venetan <i class="Latn mention" lang="vec">Nadal</i>


Maka

Borrowed from Polish Mąka, and also from Tamil மகா (makā).


Pollock

en-proper noun

Pollock (countable and uncountable, plural Pollocks)


Vennam

Borrowed from Telugu వెన్నం (vennaṁ). This surname is predominantly found in Telangana.


Lateef

From Arabic لَطِيف (laṭīf, “gentle, kind”).


Polack

From Polish Polak (“a Polish person”). Cognate to French Polak, and akin to Swedish polack.

An anglicized Polish surname from Polish, from Polak (“Pole”).


Sabin

* As an English and French surname, from a personal name derived from Latin Sabinus.
* As an Irish surname, from Ó Sabháin (“descendant of Sabhán”), from sabh (“cub”). Also found as Savage.

Albert Sabin, medical researcher


Chrysler

en-proper-noun

Chrysler (countable and uncountable, plural Chryslers)

en:Chrysler (disambiguation)
en:Walter Chrysler

From the motor company founded by and named after Walter Chrysler in 1925. Surname derives from German Kreißler.


Buckley

en-proper noun

Buckley (countable and uncountable, plural Buckleys)

From Old English bucca (“he-goat”) + lēah (“woodland clearing, glade”). Equivalent to buck + -ley (“lea”).


Waal

Waal (countable and uncountable, plural Waals)


Royce

Derived from the Middle English given name Rose. See English Rose.


Royston

From a place name in Hertfordshire, from the medieval given name Royce + Old English tūn (“settlement”).


Blythe

Blythe (countable and uncountable, plural Blythes)

English surname, from Old English blīþe (“merry”). Many senses are derived from placenames, such as the River Blythe, all from the Old English adjective.

布萊斯

transliterations of place in England and U.S.A.

(countable) A surname from Old English either derived from a nickname, or from the English places.


Sakai

Borrowed from Japanese 堺 (Sakai), Japanese 酒井 (Sakai), Japanese 坂井 (Sakai) or Japanese 境 (Sakai).


Saka

Borrowed from Japanese 坂(さか) (Saka); sometimes used as a topographic surname for someone who lived on a slope.


Saka

Borrowed from Turkish Saka, an occupational surname for a water-carrier, from saka (“water-carrier”).


Ades

From a diminutive of Adam + the patronymic suffix -s.


Cutterman

The names "Cutterman", "Cudderman" or "Cunnerman" originated from the surname Counterman.


Gonzales

A surname from Spanish, variant of Gonzalez


Lewi

From Polish Lewi, ultimately from Biblical Hebrew לֵוִי (Leví), of uncertain origin. Doublet of Levi.


Mutti

(surname): Of several origins:
* Borrowed from Italian Mutti, perhaps a variant of the surname Muti.
* Borrowed from Punjabi ਮੁੱਤੀ (muttī), a typical surname of the Kamboh community.
* Borrowed from Bemba Mutti, Muti, from given names, from the Bemba people

A surname.
A European surname from Italian.

A surname.
A South Asian surname from Punjabi.

A surname.
A Southern African surname from Bemba.


Bhagwat

Borrowed from Marathi भागवत (bhāgvat). This surname is mostly found in Maharashtra.


Billett

Billett (countable and uncountable, plural Billetts)


Milford

Milford (countable and uncountable, plural Milfords)


Karlsson

Borrowed from Swedish Karlsson (“son of Karl”). Doublet of Carlson and Charlson.


Karlsen

Borrowed from Danish and Norwegian Karlsen.


Kristiansen

Borrowed from Danish and Dutch Kristiansen.


Christensen

Borrowed from Danish and Norwegian Christensen.


Rasmussen

A surname from Danish [in turn originating as a patronymic] of Danish and Norwegian origin.


Larsen

A surname from Norwegian [in turn originating as a patronymic] of Danish and Norwegian origin.


Olsson

A surname from Swedish [in turn from Old Norse].


Carlsen

Borrowed from Danish and Norwegian Carlsen.


Hutt

Named after Sir William Hutt, chairman of the New Zealand Company.


Schwarzenegger

/ˈʃwɔːɹtsənˌɛɡə/

/ˈʃwɔːɹtsənˌɛɡəɹ/

When he graduated from UCLA on time, he missed getting Schwarzenegger's autograph on his diploma by four months.

2020 January 22, Howard Cole, “Book Excerpt: The 50 Greatest Dodger Games of All Time”, in Sports Illustrated:

“Schwarzenegger vs Zombies” is a pitch that would have most studio executives sprinting for their chequebooks, but “Maggie” isn't the film they'd have in mind.

2015 June 16, Nicholas Barber, “Arnie turns sensitive”, in 1843:

The Twilight of the Action-Movie Gods has been a long time coming. The great action-hero triumvirate of the Reagan-Bush years—Stallone, Schwarzenegger, Willis—seem collectively to have realised that the shadows are lengthening at the end of their day in the sun.

2002 May 10, John Patterson, “Age shall wither them”, in The Guardian:

A surname from German; used specifically of Arnold Schwarzenegger (b. 1947), an Austrian-American businessman and governor of California, known especially for his success as a professional bodybuilder and action film actor.


Gorky

Gorky (countable and uncountable, plural Gorkys or Gorkies)

Maxim Gorky


Kalinin

Borrowed from Russian Кали́нин (Kalínin), ultimately from кали́на (kalína, “viburnum”).

A surname from Russian, borne for example by Mikhail Kalinin (a Russian revolutionary).


Rostov

Transliteration of Russian Росто́в (Rostóv). The surname comes from Russian рост (rost, “growth”). The etymology of the city's name is unclear.


Pringle

* (surname): Habitational, from a place near Stow Roxburghshire, formerly called Hop(p)ringle, from Middle English hop (“enclosed valley”) + a name of Old Norse origin composed of the byname Prjónn (“pin, peg”, cognate with English preen) + an unidentified second element.
* (borough of Pennsylvania): Named in honor of Thomas Pringle.
* (town in South Dakota): Started as a stage stop on the Sidney-Custer Trail, operated by Henry Pringle.


Tokushima

Borrowed from Japanese 徳(とく)島(しま) (Tokushima).


Kymber

(rare) A surname transferred from the given name.


Yamagata

Borrowed from Japanese 山県 (Yamagata), 山方 (Yamagata), 山形 (Yamagata) or 山像 (Yamagata).


Tottori

Borrowed from Japanese 鳥取(とっとり) (Tottori).


Kochi

Borrowed from Japanese 幸地 (Kōchi) or Japanese 高地 (Kōchi).


Yamaguchi

Borrowed from Japanese 山口(やまぐち) (Yamaguchi).


Fukushima

Borrowed from Japanese 福島(ふくしま) (Fukushima).


Akita

Borrowed from Japanese 秋(あき)田(た) (Akita).


Mussolini

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Mussolini.wav

From Italian Mussolini, from mussola, mussolina (“muslin”), from Mussolo (“Mosul”), that is Mosul in northern Iraq.


Kimber

* From the name of a 7th-century English female saint, Kyneburga or Cyneburh, from Old English cyne- (“royal”) + burh (“fortress”).
* English: probably a habitational name from East and West Kimber in the parish of Northlew in Devon, so named from Old English cempa (“warrior”) (or the Old English personal name Cempa) + bearn (“grove/wood”). It may also be an altered form of Kimbrough. Jewish (Ashkenazic): variant of Kinberg.


Colman

From the Irish saints' name Colmán, diminutive of Colm, from Latin columba (“dove”).


Hayes

en-proper noun

Hayes (countable and uncountable, plural Hayeses)

*As an English locational surname, from Old English hæs (“brushwood”) (see hris) and Middle English hay (“enclosure”), heye.
*As an Irish surname, from Ó hAodha (“descendant of Aodh”).

An English habitational surname from Old English.

A surname from Irish, anglicised from Ó hAodha (“descendant of Aodh”)


Coleman

A surname originating as a patronymic derived from the given name Colman.

A surname originating as an occupation for a coal man, who burnt coal.


Hebron

Borrowed from Latin Hebrōn, ultimately from Biblical Hebrew חֶבְרוֹן (Ḥeḇrōn), possibly via Ancient Greek Χεβρών (Khebrṓn).


Chard

Three men got out and surrounded Mr Chard. They were police officers, and he was under arrest, charged with taking indecent pictures of his children under the Protection of Children Act 1978 (POCA).

1998, Laurence O'Toole, Pornocopia: porn, sex, technology and desire:


Salinas

en-prop

Salinas (countable and uncountable, plural Salinases)

Borrowed from Spanish Salinas, a metonymic occupational surname for a worker in a salt mine.


Maris

From Maris Lane, Trumpington, Cambridge (the founding site of Cambridge University's Plant Breeding Institute).


Hader

en-proper noun

Hader (countable and uncountable, plural Haders)


Kadri

Borrowed from Arabic قادري. This surname is predominantly found in Algeria.


Andres

Andres (countable and uncountable, plural Andreses)

Patronymic surname, borrowed from Spanish Andrés.


Meno

unk

Unexplained


Miyagi

Borrowed from Japanese 宮(みや)城(ぎ) (Miyagi).


Ukonu

A West African surname from Igbo which originated and is chiefly found among the Igbo-speaking people of Nigeria.


Kirke

A surname from Middle English, of less common usage, variant of Kirk.


Franca

Borrowed from Catalan, Italian and Spanish Franca or, alternatively, from Portuguese França.


Linden

* As a Dutch, German and Jewish surname, plural form of Linde.
* As a Dutch and West Flemish surname, from several placenames called Linden or Lienden. Also shortened from Vanderlinden.
* As a Swedish surname, from lind (“lime tree”). Compare Lindeen.
* As an English surname, variant of Lindon.
* As an Irish surname, shortened from McLinden, itself a variant of McClinton.

An English surname from Old English, a variant of Lyndon.

A Scottish surname, a variant of Linton.

A surname from Dutch, a variant of Lynden.

A surname from German, a variant of Lindner.


Gardener

A surname originating as an occupation, derived from the profession gardener.


Gardner

en-proper noun

Gardner (countable and uncountable, plural Gardners)

5 October 2013, Sunderland 1 - 2 Man Utd, BBC Sport
Moyes knew three points were essential at the Stadium of Light after successive Premier League defeats by Manchester City and West Bromwich Albion - but Craig Gardner's early goal gave struggling Sunderland a deserved half-time lead.


Haig

From Old Norse hagi (“enclosure”). Doublet of Haw.


Scobey

Scobey (countable and uncountable, plural Scobeys)


Monds

From the Irish surname of unclear origin.


Appleyard

From apple + yard, a topographic surname for someone who lived by an apple orchard.


Stott

From Middle English stott (“bull”), a nickname or a metonymic occupational surname for a cattleman.


Elo

From Hungarian Élő, from élő. As a rating system, named after its creator Arpad Elo (1903–1992).


Black

en-proper noun

Black (countable and uncountable, plural Blacks)

From Middle English blak (“black”). Also a variant of Blake, from Old English blāc (“pale”) and Blanc, from Old French blanc (“white”).

A surname transferred from the nickname.


Xiang

From several Mandarin surnames, including 項／项 (Xiàng), 向 (Xiàng) and 相 (Xiāng).


Kozak

* As a Ukrainian, Carpathian Rusyn, Polish, Czech, Slovak, and Hungarian surname, all from the noun Kozak (“Cossack”). Compare the variants Kazak, Kosack, Kosak, Kozack.
* Also as a Polish and Czech surname, occupational surname for a goatherd, from koza (“nanny goat”). This is also found in Slovene and Serbo-Croatian, though probably influenced by the sense above.
* Also as a Slovak and Czech surname, possibly from kozák (“kind of mushroom”).
* As a Turkish surname, from kozak (“cone”) or its homonym meaning "shady place," from Ottoman Turkish قوزاق.
* As a Jewish surname, from Yiddish קאָזאַק (kozak, “Cossack”), related to the first sense above.


Emiliano

Borrowed from Spanish Emiliano. This surname is mostly found in Mexico.


Eusebio

Borrowed from Spanish Eusebio and Portuguese Eusébio.


Stansfield

From Old English stan (“stone”) + feld (“field”).

en:Stansfield (disambiguation)
en:Stansfield (surname)

A habitational surname from Old English.


Lennard

A surname transferred from the given name derived from the given name Leonard.


Malton

Malton (countable and uncountable, plural Maltons)

Probably from Old English mæþel (“speech”) + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”), hence a settlement where a public assembly was held.


Rooney

Anglicised from Irish Ó Ruanaidh (“descendant of a person named Champion”).


Goldstein

en-proper noun

Goldstein (countable and uncountable, plural Goldsteins)

One of the ornamental surnames chosen by German Jews, from German Gold (“gold”) + Stein (“stone”).


Croft

* As an English surname, from the noun croft (“small piece of land”).
* Also as an English surname, variant of Craft.
* As a Danish, Swedish, German and Jewish surname, Americanized from Kraft.
* The place in Leicestershire is from Old English cræft (“device”).
Also compare Kroft.

A surname from Middle English, from the common noun croft, and from places named Croft.


Straw

From Middle English straw, as a nickname for a thin person or one with straw-coloured hair, or an occupational name for a dealer in straw.


Shore

* As an English surname, from the noun shore.
* As a Jewish surname, spelling variant of Schorr, Szor, Schauer.

A topographic surname from Middle English.


Rider

* As an English surname, from the noun rider
* Also as an English surname, from Old English rēodan (“to clear out”), from Proto-West Germanic *reudan. Compare Reeder.
* Also as an English surname, from dialectal rithe (“small stream”).
* As an Irish surname, calque from Irish ó marcaigh (“descendant of the (horse)rider”). This is also found directly in Markey.
* As a German surname, Americanized from Reiter.

A surname originating as an occupation. More often spelled Ryder.


Canuto

Borrowed from Italian, Portuguese and Spanish Canuto.


Shimon

Transliteration of Hebrew שִׁמְעוֹן (shimon).


Hildebrand

Borrowed from German Hildebrand (Proto-Germanic *Hildibrandaz).


Marken

Borrowed from Norwegian Marken or Swedish Markén.


Ringer

Inherited from Middle English Ryngere, from ryngere (“bell-ringer”).


Rabinowitz

An Ashkenazic surname from German, Germanized variant of Rabinovich.


Stanislaus

From the Latin form of a Slavic name, Станисла́в (Stanisláv) in Russian and Станислав (Stanislav) in Bulgarian, famous in the history of Poland, from the Proto-Slavic elements *stati (“to stand, become”) + *slàva (“glory”).


Kang

Alternative form of Kangabam surname of Meitei origin

Alternative form of Kangjam surname of Meitei origin

Alternative form of Kangujam surname of Meitei origin


Marsh

A topographic surname from Middle English for someone living by a marsh.


Weisenthal

From German Wiese (“meadow”) + Thal (“valley”).


Kirschenbaum

Borrowed from Yiddish קירשנבוים (kirshnboym, literally “cherry tree”).


Wasserman

A surname from German, equivalent to English Waterman.


Markowitz

Jewish surname, variant of Markovich, Markowicz. The ending -owitz is Germanized from East Slavic endings like -ovich, Polish -owicz. Compare Marko, Markow, Markovitz.


Johnstone

en-proper noun

Johnstone (countable and uncountable, plural Johnstones)


Horowitz

From German Horowitz, named after Horowitz (Czech Hořovice), a town with a large Jewish population in the Late Middle Ages.


Hirschhorn

Borrowed from German Hirschhorn, a Jewish Ashkenazi surname.


Greenfield

Greenfield (countable and uncountable, plural Greenfields)


Kwa

Kwa (countable and uncountable, plural Kwas)

Borrowed from Hokkien 柯 (Koa) or Teochew 柯 (gua1).


Gall

* As an English, Scottish Gaelic, and Irish surname, of Celtic origin, from Gall (“foreigner”). This is in turn from Latin gallus, which has borrowings (many of which are surnames) in several European languages, such as Czech Havel, Polish Gawel.
* As a Hungarian surname, variant of Gál, itself from the Latin word.


Belfort

en-prop

Belfort (countable and uncountable, plural Belforts)


Heizer

Occupational surname borrowed from German Heizer (“stoker, fireman”).


Kempen

* As a German surname, from the town Kempen in Germany or Kępno in Poland.
* As a West Flemish surname, from Campine in Belgium, also called Kempen.
* As a Dutch surname, variant of van Kempen, from both placenames above.