月

/ɡʷetu/ → /ɡet͡su/
From Middle Chinese 月 (ŋʉɐt̚).
Compare modern Hakka 月 (ngie̍t), Min Nan 月 (ge̍h).


人

人 (canonical)
人 (canonical)
hito (romanization)
人 (counter)

⟨pi₁to₂⟩ → */pʲitə/ → /fito/ → /hito/ → /çito/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *pitə.
First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.

someone who is very honest and straightforward


人

From Early Middle Chinese 人 (MC nyin). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing. Compare Shanghainese nyin.


人

From Old Japanese. The protoform may have been -ri or -tari, see 二人 (futari, literally “two people”).


層

層 (canonical)
-sō (romanization)
-sou (romanization)
そう (hiragana historical)

counter for floors or stories of a building


入

(archaic) counter for soakings (of fabric in a dye)


丁

From Middle Chinese 挺 (MC deng|dengX). 丁 is a daiyōji replacing 挺.

二丁の拳銃

counter for long and thin things, e.g. guns, hoes, candles.


へん

From Classical Japanese せん (sen), from はせん (wa sen), with は merged with the preceding syllable or becoming や, giving やへん (yahen). In turn, はせん is a composition of は (wa, topic marker or emphasis marker), せ (se, “to do”, irrealis stem) and ん (n, “not”).
The consonantal shift /s/ to /h/ is also seen in other words in Kansai, e.g. さん (san) to Kansai はん (han).

(Kansai) negates verbs in non-past tense


日

/nʲitɨ/ → /nit͡ɕi/
From Middle Chinese 日 (MC nyit).

short for 日本 (Nihon, Nippon): Japan, Japanese, Nippo-


年

From Middle Chinese 年 (nen, “year”). Compare modern Mandarin reading nián, Hakka ngièn, Cantonese nin⁴.


年

年に一度


柄

In light of the stem sense, probably derived semantically from origin, source meanings.
Compare also Korean 가락 (garak), similarly used as a counter for long and slender objects.


世

⟨yo₂⟩ → /yo/
From Old Japanese. The pronunciation is distinct from 夜 (/yo₁/, “night, nighttime”).
Change in meaning of 節 (yo), in the sense of the bamboos and reeds bulging at certain intervals.

period of a person leading as a patriarch


世

From Middle Chinese 世 (MC syejH). The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.


代

代 (canonical)
-dai (romanization)
台 (alternative)

服代

お菓子代


位

位 (canonical)
-wi (romanization)
ゐ (hiragana historical)


体

2017 March 25, “リンク・スパイダー [Link Spider]”, in STARTER(スターター) DECK(デッキ), Konami:

1 or more Normal Monsters
1: Once per turn, can be activated during your Main Phase. Special Summons 1 Normal Monster of Level 4 or lower from your hand to where this card is linked to.

通常モンスター１体
①：１ターンに１度、自分メインフェイズに発動できる。手札からレベル４以下の通常モンスター１体をこのカードのリンク先に特殊召喚する。

Tsūjō Monsutā ittaī
Chi: Ittān ni ichi-do, jibun Mein Feizu ni hatsudō dekiru. tefuda kara Reberu yon ika no Tsūjō Monsutā ittai o kono kādo no rinku-saki ni Tokushu Shōkan suru.


俵

俵 (canonical)
-hyō (romanization)
-feu (romanization)
へう (hiragana historical)


個

あの枝に桜ん坊が十二個だけあります。

Ano eda ni sakuranbo ga jūni-ko dake arimasu.

There are only twelve cherries on that branch.


倍

田中さんの家は私の家の倍の大きさだ。

Tanaka-san no ie wa watashi no ie no bai no ōkisa da.

Tanaka's house is twice the size of mine.

倍にする


倍

この飛行機はあの飛行機よりも ３倍速い。

Kono hikōki wa ano hikōki yori mo san-bai hayai.

This plane is a whole three times faster than that plane.

４ の ５倍

2倍

(typography) a multiple of 全角 (zenkaku, “fullwidth/-height”) or 1 em in Western typography

(typography, newspapers) a unit in newspaper typesetting, equal to 88 mils, ⁸⁸⁄₁₀₀₀ in, 8 U (U) and ¹⁄₁₆ 段 (dan)


冊

世界を変えた10冊の本


分

/pun/ → /fun/
From Middle Chinese 分 (MC pjun, “a minute”).


分

→ Palauan: bung

a unit of weight ¹⁄₁₀ of a 匁 (monme, “3.75g”)


則

From Middle Chinese 則 (MC tsok, “rule”).


前

From Middle Chinese 前 (MC dzen). Compare modern Mandarin 前 (qián).

counter for irregularly shaped objects such as desks, armrests, and serving trays


勝

ja-noun

勝(しょう) • (shō)


匹

匹 (canonical)
-hiki (romanization)
疋 (alternative)

The original hichi reading evolved into hiki by association with 引(ひ)き (hiki, “pulling”), from the way that an animal's leash is pulled.


口

From Middle Chinese 口 (MC khuwX). The 漢音 (kan'on), so likely a later borrowing.


句

counter for stanzas from a poem or for haiku


合

合 (canonical)
-gō (romanization)
-gafu (romanization)
がふ (hiragana historical)


合

合 (canonical)
gō (romanization)
gafu (romanization)
がふ (hiragana historical)

0.18039 liters, equaling ten shaku or a tenth of a shō

a tenth of the distance from the base to the summit of a mountain


名

From Middle Chinese 名 (MC mjieng, “name”).


周

周 (canonical)
Shū (romanization)
Siu (romanization)
しう (hiragana historical)


周

西周


味

From Middle Chinese 味 (MC mj+jH).
Also used in Old Japanese as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨mi₂⟩.

counter for kinds of food, drink, medicine, etc.


品

(history) a type of rank for officials in East Asian courts


品

一品

三品


回

回 (canonical)
kai (romanization)
kwai (romanization)
くわい (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 回 (MC hwoj).
The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.


回

次回


囲

囲 (canonical)
-wi (romanization)
ゐ (hiragana historical)

/wi/ → /i/
From Middle Chinese 圍 (MC hjw+j|hjw+jH). The kan'on.

counter for the amount that can be encircled in one's arms, used as a rough measurement of circumference (roughly 1.5 meters)


基

counter for grounded things (e.g. pyramids, electric power plants, wells, toro (Japanese traditional lantern), tombs)


場

Kōjien
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Shinmura Izuru

/nipa/ → */niba/*/ⁿba/ → /ba/
An alteration from Old Japanese 庭 (nipa), modern 庭 (niwa, “garden, yard”).
First cited to a text from 1275.

a trading floor, as in a market or exchange


字

この字は何と読みますか？

彼女は字が上手い（汚い）。


字

４０字以内で書いてください。

Please write it down in 40 characters or fewer.


尊

From Middle Chinese 尊 (MC tswon).
Compare modern Mandarin 尊 (zūn).


局

2019 November 25, “将(しょう)棋(ぎ)ユーチューバー、四(よ)段(だん)に勝(しょう)利(り) あと２(に)勝(しょう)でプロ入(い)り”, in 朝(あさ)日(ひ)新(しん)聞(ぶん) [Asahi Shimbun], archived from the original on 2019-12-02:

In the examination, he will play five games against five young players and if he wins three games, he will pass the examination.

試験は若手棋士 ５人と ５局指し、 ３勝で合格する。

Shiken wa wakate kishi go-nin to go-kyoku sashi, san-shō de gōkaku suru.

counter for board games (e.g. chess, shogi or go)


山

From Old Japanese 山 (yama). First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.
Reconstructed as deriving in turn from Proto-Japonic *yama (“mountain; forest”).

inh

counter for number of stock rise and fall like a mountain

counter for number of mountains, forests and/or mines


巻

巻 (canonical)
kan (romanization)
kwan (romanization)
くわん (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 卷 (MC gjwen|gjwonX|kjwenX|kjwenH).


常

常 (canonical)
常 (canonical)
kida (romanization)
kita (romanization)

*⟨ki₁da⟩ → */kʲida/ → /kida/
First attested in the Kojiki (712 CE).
Cognate with root kiza in 刻む (kizamu, “to mince; to slice; to cut a thing into pieces; to groove, to nick, to notch”).
Also sometimes read as kita.

(obsolete) a traditional Japanese unit of measure for the length of cut cloth, equal to one 丈 (jō, roughly three meters) and three 尺 (shaku, roughly one foot or thirty centimeters)

(obsolete) a traditional Japanese unit of measure for the area of an agricultural field or paddy, equal to either 360 歩 (bu, around 1190 square meters), later reduced to 300 歩 (bu)/坪 (tsubo, almost 992 square meters)


幅

幅 (canonical)
-fuku (romanization)
巾 (alternative)


床

⟨to₂ko₂⟩ → /toko/
From Old Japanese. Cognate with 所 (tokoro, “place”). Attested since at least the Nara period, appearing in the Man'yōshū, completed in 759.
Possibly an ancient compound of ⟨to₁⟩ (Proto-Japonic *to (“place”), as in 跡 ⟨ato₁⟩, “footprint, track”, from “foot place, where one has stepped”) + ⟨ko₂⟩ (noun-forming suffixing element denoting “place”, as in ここ ⟨ko₂ko₂⟩, “here”, from “this place”).

short for 床間 / 床の間 (toko no ma): an alcove with a raised floor along one wall of a traditional Japanese living room

床間

short for 床船梁 (toko funabari), 舵床 (kajidoko): the large wooden beam at the very aft of a traditional wood-hulled Japanese ship, upon which the rudder is seated


戸

Sino-Japanese, from Middle Chinese 戶 (MC huX).


所

所為

that, what is done; deed; cause; reason; fault


手

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *tay. Compare 目 (me, ma-, “eye”).

(board games) counter for moves in shogi, go, etc.


択

to select, to choose, to pick out, option


択

緑か黄色か赤かの三択


挺

long and narrow things such as guns, scissors, candles, inksticks


斤

Derived from Middle Chinese 斤 (MC kj+n|kj+nH).

食パン1斤


時

/ʑi/ → /ʑi//d͡ʑi/
From Middle Chinese 時 (MC dzyi).


晩

朝から晩まで


服

Japanese_language Kyūjitai Shinjitai Tōkyō


服

an amount equal to one swallow:
puffs of tobacco


本

rounds of a match in boxing, wrestling or judo


本

本山葵

real wasabi (as opposed to horseradish or other substitutes)

本大臣

the cabinet member (on whose behalf a proxy speaks)


束

それは一束十円の値段でした


枚

counter for flat and thin objects, such as sheets


果

果 (canonical)
-ka (romanization)
-kwa (romanization)
くわ (hiragana historical)


果

果 (canonical)
ka (romanization)
kwa (romanization)
くわ (hiragana historical)

(Buddhism) phala, attained state, result

(Buddhism) enlightenment (as the fruits of one's Buddhist practice)


柱

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *pasira or *parira. Cognate with Okinawan 柱 (hāya).


棟

棟 (canonical)
棟 (canonical)
-tō (romanization)
-mune (romanization)


棟

ja-noun

棟(とう) • (tō)


機

From Middle Chinese 機 /机 (kjɨj, “mechanism; opportunity, chance”). Compare modern Min Nan reading ki.


次

/si/ → /ʑi/ → /d͡ʑi/
Sound shift from shi above.

亜塩素酸、次亜塩素酸、亜臭素酸、次亜臭素酸

aenso san, jiaenso san, ashūso san, jiashūso san

chlorous acid, hypochlorous acid, bromous acid, hypobromous acid

(chemistry) hypo- (used to distinguish the oxidation levels of various acids)


灯

counter for 電灯 (dentō, “electric lights”)


点

From Middle Chinese 點 (MC temX, “point”).


玉

冷凍うどん1玉

counter for ramen and udon for one person


瓣

(anatomy) valve (membranous partition, flap, or fold, which allows flow in only one direction, e.g. a heart valve)


画

a line in the divinatory trigrams of the I Ching: "—" (陽) and "- -" (陰)


番

番 (canonical)
-ban (romanization)
ばん (hiragana historical)


番

一番

二番

(applied to numerals) -th: forms ordinal numerals

2番の歌詞


畳

畳 (canonical)
-jō (romanization)
-defu (romanization)
でふ (hiragana historical)


疋

counter for horses, mules, and small animals


疋

From Middle Chinese 疋 (srjo, “foot; roll of cloth”). Conflated in Japanese with Middle Chinese 匹 (phjit, “counter for horses and mules; counter for rolls of cloth”), both in meaning and in reading. The hichi reading evolved into hiki by association with 引き (hiki, “pulling”), from the way that an animal's leash is pulled.

alternative form of 匹: counter for smaller animals


発

一発の銃弾

(by extension) Counter for other things which are "fired".


着

From Middle Chinese 著 (MC trjak).
First cited as an independent noun from the early 1700s.

used to count suits of clothing or individual garments


着

(archaic, possibly obsolete) in the area around Edo, short for 巾着切り (kinchaku kiri, “a cutpurse”)


石

→ English: koku

→ Portuguese: coco

From Middle Chinese 斛 (MC huwk).
The 石 spelling came about through customary use in Japan of this character for the unit of measure.

a traditional Japanese unit of volume, one koku is ten 斗 (to):

for grains of rice; one koku is equal to approximately 180 litres

(by extension, historical) for land of famous daimyo or samurai; one koku is also approximately 180 litres

for 和船 (wasen); one koku is equal to 10 cubic shaku or approximately 0.278 cubic metres


石

a traditional Japanese unit of volume, one koku is ten 斗 (to)


碗

碗 (canonical)
-wan (romanization)
わん (hiragana historical)


種

From Old Japanese.
Possibly derived from or cognate with 草(くさ) (kusa, “grass”), from the way grass grows from its base, hence origin.


筋

counter for long thin things; counter for roads or blocks when giving directions


筋

筋 (canonical)
-suji (romanization)
-sudi (romanization)
すぢ (hiragana historical)

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *suntuy ~ *sunti.
Possibly a compound of す (*su, unknown, possibly the same source as 脛 (sune, “shin”)) + 霊, 血, 乳 (chi, “life essence, spirit, power; blood; milk”).

一筋の光


箇

箇 (canonical)
-ka (romanization)
ヵ (alternative)
個 (alternative)
个 (alternative)

used with numbers in the ichi-ni-san counting system


粒

Not attested until a text from the Muromachi period with the spelling ツブ (tsubu).
An earlier form 粒 (tsubi) exists, which might have been the predecessor to this word; both must have been ultimately derived from a source cognate to つぶら (tsubura, “the state of being round and small”, obsolete).

a person or thing who makes up a larger group of such


絇

First attested in the Nihon Shoki (720 CE).


缶

缶 (canonical)
-kan (romanization)
-kwan (romanization)
くわん (hiragana historical)

Likely from Dutch kan (“cylindrical metallic container”), with additional influence from English can (“cylindrical metallic container”). The kanji is an example of ateji (当て字). Alternatively, from Middle Chinese 罐 (kuɑnH, “can; jar; tin”). The usage of 缶 is likely due to a 新字体 (shinjitai) simplification from earlier 旧字体 (kyūjitai) 罐, where the phonetic component 雚 was entirely eliminated.


羽

ja-pos

羽(は) or 羽(ば) or 羽(ぱ) or 羽(わ) • (-ha or -ba or -pa or -wa)

羽 (canonical)
羽 (canonical)
羽 (canonical)
羽 (canonical)
-ha (romanization)
-ba (romanization)
-pa (romanization)
-wa (romanization)

From Old Japanese.
May be cognate with 葉 (ha, “leaf”).


脚

counter for desks, chairs, long-stemmed glasses


舗

The original character is 鋪. Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 甫. It originally referred to a metal fitting used to attach a metal ring to a door. Its phonetic component is related to 布 and 敷, and had their meanings ("spreading" or "laying out") borrowed, which later extended to mean "store" or "shop." The modern standard form of the character had its semantic component changed to 舎 (meaning "house" or "building") to emphasize its meaning as a "store" or "shop."


色

Chinese language
English language
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Nihon Shoki
Old Japanese language

⟨iro₂⟩ → */irə/ → /iro/
From Old Japanese.
First attested in the Nihon Shoki with the meaning of color. Senses referring to a person's emotions also appear quite early on. The romance or sex senses appear from the 900s, apparently an influence from Chinese usage, and roughly comparable to the euphemistic usage of English colorful.

色艶

color and luster; a person's facial coloring; warmth of feeling in speech or attitude; interest or fun in speech or writing

色褪せる

lose color, fade; fade, lose freshness, become old and musty

色物

a colored item, particularly cloth or clothing; a lively and colorful variety act

色好い

having a beautiful figure; favorable (as in a reply or attitude)

(figurative) the metaphorical color or mood

when playing the koto, pushing on a string with the fingers of the left hand to change the pitch of a note, or for vibrato


色

From Middle Chinese 色 (MC srik). The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.

三色刷り


荷

loads that can be carried on one's shoulders


葉

葉 (canonical)
-yō (romanization)
-efu (romanization)
えふ (hiragana historical)

/epu/ → /efu/ → /eu/ → /joː/
From Middle Chinese 葉 (MC yep, “leaf”).


話

第１話


課

第二課


貫

貫 (canonical)
-kan (romanization)
-kwan (romanization)
くわん (hiragana historical)


軒

寄付を募るため、数軒の家を回った。

Kifu o tsunoru tame, sūken no ie o mawatta.

We visited several houses to raise donations.


輪

一輪の花が咲く


辛

１辛のカレー

(colloquial) counter for spiciness (usu. of curry)


通

Derived from Middle Chinese 通 (MC thuwng).

証書一通


週

週 (canonical)
Shū (romanization)
Siu (romanization)
しう (hiragana historical)

/t͡ɕɨu/ → /ɕjɨu/ → /ɕuː/
From Middle Chinese 周 (MC tsyuw).


遍

二遍も三遍も


針

⟨pari⟩ → /ɸaɾi/ → /haɾi/
From Old Japanese 針 (pari).


錠

錠 (canonical)
jō (romanization)
dyau (romanization)
ぢやう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 錠 (MC dengH|tengH). Compare modern Mandarin 錠／锭 (dìng).

Iŏ. ジャウ (鎖) 錠. 例, Iŏuo vorosu. (鎖を下ろす) 錠をおろす. Iŏuo aquru. (鎖を開くる) 錠をあける.

a device used to make a door unopenable: a lock


鎖

鎖 (canonical)
-jō (romanization)
-dyau (romanization)
ぢやう (hiragana historical)

Alteration from sau, itself an alternative reading of sa above, possibly influenced by an early variety of Mandarin reading suǒ or Cantonese reading so². The shift from sau to jau (modern jō) was probably the influence of the reading of synonymous character 錠 (jō).
/sa/ → /sau/ → /d͡ʑau/ → /d͡ʑoː/

この薬は一回に三鎖とのことです。

Kono kusuri wa ikkai ni sanjō to no koto desu.

The instructions are to take three pills of this medicine for each dose.


限

一限目は数学だった。


階

（私の）オフィスは五階にあります。

(Watashi no) ofisu wa go-kai ni arimasu.


隻

一隻


頭

Second grade kyōiku kanji (romanization)

饅頭

manjū, a type of bun typically with bean paste filling


頭

Cantonese language
Mandarin language
Middle Chinese language
Min Nan language
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten

From Middle Chinese 頭 (MC duw). The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing. The shift from initial /d/ to voiceless /t/ is due to influence or reborrowing from a later stage of the Chinese language. Compare modern Mandarin reading tóu, Cantonese tau⁴, Min Nan tao⁵.

合わせて 1300 頭余りが出荷され、全国各地に流通した。

Awasete sensanbyaku tō amari ga shukka sare, zenkoku kakuchi ni ryūtsū shita.

Altogether over 1300 head of cattle have been distributed throughout the country.

三頭の北極熊

一頭の羊

counter for certain relatively large animals, or for livestock animals; "head"

counter for insects (used only in biology)


顆

顆 (canonical)
-ka (romanization)
-kwa (romanization)
くゎ (hiragana historical)

indicates small round things, such as gemstones, fruit, stones, tears


題

今回のお題は[…]


飜

ロン。20符4飜なので、5200です。


騎

From Middle Chinese 騎 (MC gje|gjeH). Already used phonetically in Old Japanese to spell unvoiced ki, as in the place name 阿騎・安騎 (Aki, a former hunting ground in Nara).
Attested as a counter in the early 1200s, and as a standalone noun in the late 1800s.


つ

suffixed to Japanese numerals hito-, futa-, mi-, ... , kokono-, used to count almost anything


じ

路: a road, a street; attaches to place names, indicating a road to that place; attaches to a time duration, indicating a trip taking that length of time


び

The hiragana character ひ (hi) with a dakuten (゛).

Hira-dakuten

The hiragana syllable び (bi). Its equivalent in katakana is ビ (bi).


びょう

ja-adj

びょう • (byō) ^†-tari (adnominal びょうとした (byō to shita) or びょうたる (byō taru), adverbial びょうと (byō to) or びょうとして (byō to shite))

byō (romanization)
びょうとした (adnominal)
びょうたる (adnominal)
びょうと (adverbial)
びょうとして (adverbial)


びょう

ja-pos

びょう • (-byō)


びょう

廟, 庿: a mausoleum; a kind of small shrine; the main building of a palace housing the room where court is held

鋲: a tack; a thumbtack or pushpin; a rivet; a hobnail


時間

→ Chinese: 時間 /时间 (shíjiān)

→ Korean: 시간(時間) (sigan)

→ Vietnamese: thời gian

Daijirin
Inoue Tetsujirō
Meiji period
University of Tokyo
ja:時間

Probably originally borrowed from Middle Chinese compound 時間 (dzyi kɛn, literally “time interval”). Repurposed in the early Meiji period as a translation of the western term time in relation to philosophy in the 1881 publication of 哲学字彙 (Tetsugaku Jii, “Philosophy Dictionary”) compiled by Inoue Tetsujirō. The meaning "hour" can be analyzed as a compound of 時(じ) (-ji, “o'clock”) + 間(かん) (-kan, time interval suffix). Compare other terms formed with the suffix 間(かん) (-kan) like 三(さん)分(ぷん)間(かん) (sanpunkan) and 三日(みっか)間(かん) (mikkakan).
The reading is a mix of the goon reading ji and the kan'on reading kan, suggesting either that the reading changed after borrowing (from the expected goon pronunciation of jiken or the expected kan'on pronunciation of shikan), or that this term was independently coined in Japanese after the constituent terms 時(じ) (ji) and 間(かん) (kan) were borrowed.

ja-compound

試験時間に遅れた

営業時間は月火水、午前 ９時から午後 ２時までです。

Eigyō jikan wa getsu-ka-sui, gozen ku-ji kara gogo ni-ji made desu.

Business hours are Monday to Wednesday, 9 AM to 2 PM.

開館時間

時間です！

閉園の時間です！

あまり時間がなくてすみません

sorry for not having the time [to do something]

2002 July 27, Mashiba, Shin, “第(だい)壱(いち)夜(や) 下(クダ)リ階(カイ)段(ダン) [Night 1: Downward Stairway]”, in [夢](ゆめ)[喰](くい)[見](けん)[聞](ぶん) [The Dream-Eating Inspector], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Square Enix, page 21:

目覚めの時間だ

the hours or time when something happens


時間

一時間、二時間、五時間半

one hour, two hours, five and a half hours

何時間もかかりそうです。


時間

Pronunciation shift to a devoiced initial consonant in certain dialects.
/d͡ʑikaɴ/ → /t͡ɕikaɴ/

(Ibaraki) the hours or time when something happens


ふね

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE. From Proto-Japonic *punay.
Standalone form of 船(ふな), 舟(ふな) (funa, older form, in compounds).

船, 舟, 槽: a box for storing:
船, 舟: a box used to store candy

船, 舟: an 桶 (oke) used to store rice and grains

船, 舟: synonym of 船饅頭 (funamanjū, “a prostitute who worked from a boat on the river Sumida”)


ヶ

ヶ (canonical)
か (canonical)
ka (romanization)
か (alternative)
カ (alternative)
ヵ (alternative)
箇 (alternative)

An abbreviation for the kanji 箇 (ka), the counter for months, places or provisions.
Note that ヶ is a graphical abbreviation of the top of the character (𥫗, 竹), and is pronounced カ ka (or ガ ga), not as ケ ke. Compare simplified Chinese character 个.

三ヶ月

三ヶ国

箇: Counter for months, places or provisions of Classical Chinese origin.


世紀

今は女の目の開く世紀である。

1915, 与謝野晶子, 私の貞操観

This is the century when women open their eyes.

Ima wa onna no me no hiraku seiki de aru.


世紀

20世紀

21世紀


グラム

From French gramme or English gramme, gram.


しゅるい

種類: counter for different sorts of things


光年

ja-noun

光(こう)年(ねん) • (kōnen) ^(←くわうねん (kwaunen)?)

光年 (canonical)
kōnen (romanization)
kwaunen (romanization)
くわうねん (hiragana historical)

Appears to be a calque of English light year.


光年

ja-pos

光(こう)年(ねん) • (-kōnen) ^(←くわうねん (-kwaunen)?)

光年 (canonical)
-kōnen (romanization)
-kwaunen (romanization)
くわうねん (hiragana historical)

宇宙の直径は約 930億光年だ。

Uchū no chokkei wa yaku kyūhyakusanjū-oku kōnen da.

The diameter of the universe is some 93 billion light years.

1988 July 30 [1984 July 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, “ニューイヤー星(せい)調(ちょう)査(さ)行(こう) [Expedition to Planet New Year]”, in ポストの中の明日 [Post-Mid-Tomorrow] (藤子不二雄少年SF短編集; 2), 10th edition, volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 73:

Earth is essentially situated in the extremity of the Milky Way, sixty thousand light years from which, at the tip of the vortex molecules..., is “New Year”, the third planet of the Lorcal system.

地球自身すでに銀河系の外れにあるといえるが、そこからさらに六万光年渦分子の先っぽに……、ロルカル系第三惑星「ニューイヤー」がある。

Chikyū jishin sude ni Gingakei no hazure ni aru to ieru ga, soko kara sara ni rokuman kōnen kabunshi no sakippo ni……, Rorukaru-kei dai-san wakusei “Nyū Iyā” ga aru.


オングストローム

[õ̞ŋɡɯ̟sɨ̥to̞ɾo̞ːmɯ̟]

彼(かれ)等(ら)が外(がい)界(かい)を知(ち)覚(かく)する手(しゅ)段(だん)は主(しゅ)として太(たい)陽(よう)光(こう)によってである 可(か)視(し)範(はん)囲(い)は４０００(よんせん)〜８０００(はっせん)オングストローム

1987 March 20 [1987 February 20], Fujiko Fujio, “宇(う)宙(ちゅう)人(じん)レポート サンプルＡ(エー)とＢ(ビー) [Alien Report: Samples A and B]”, in カンビュセスの籤(くじ) [Cambyses’s Drawing] (藤子不二雄 ＳＦ全短編; 1), 2nd edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Chuokoronsha, →ISBN, 第一章, page 45:

The way they perceived the world was primarily dependent on sunlight. Their visible spectrum was 4000–8000 angstroms.

Arera ga gaikai o chikaku suru shudan wa shu to shite taiyōkō ni yotte de aru. Kashi han'i wa yonsen ~ hassen ongusutorōmu.


ミリ秒

ミリ秒 (canonical)
-miri-byō (romanization)

From ミリ (miri-, “milli-”) + 秒 (byō, “second”).


センチメートル

[sẽ̞ɲ̟t͡ɕime̞ːto̞ɾɯ̟]


行李

行李 (canonical)
kōri (romanization)
kauri (romanization)
かうり (hiragana historical)

Baggage
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Shoku Nihongi
Wicker
ja:行李

/kauri/ → /kɔːri/ → /koːri/
From Old Japanese, in turn from Middle Chinese 行李 (MC haeng liX, “baggage, luggage”). First cited in Japanese in a section of the 続日本紀 (Shoku Nihongi) dated to 706.

(historical, military) in the former Japanese army, the unit tasked with transporting materiel and supplies: military logistics


ヵ

-ka (romanization)
ヶ (alternative)
個 (alternative)
箇 (alternative)

Small form of the katakana character カ (ka).

Kana-small

一ヵ月


切れ

Nominative form of 切(き)れる (kireru, “be cut off, be injured”).


ジュール

ja-pos

ジュール • (-jūru)


ミリ

ミリメートル ミリメートル#Japanese

clipping of ミリメートル (mirimētoru, “millimeter”)


ミリ

ミリメートル ミリメートル#Japanese


キロ

キログラム キログラム#Japanese

clipping of キログラム (kiroguramu, “kilogram”); kilo

キロメートル キロメートル#Japanese

clipping of キロメートル (kiromētoru, “kilometer”)


キロ

キログラム キログラム#Japanese

俺(おれ)は３(さん)年(ねん)でここまで強(つよ)くなった 腕(うで)立(た)て伏(ふ)せ100(ひゃっ)回(かい) 上(じょう)体(たい)起(お)こし100(ひゃっ)回(かい) スクワット100(ひゃっ)回(かい) そしてランニング10(じゅう)㎞(キロ) これを毎(まい)日(にち)やる!!!

2013 April 7 [2012 December 9], ONE with Murata, Yusuke, “11(じゅういち)撃(げき)目(め) 強(つよ)さの秘(ひ)訣(けつ) [11th Hit: Key to Power]”, in ONEPUNCH-MAN(【ワンパンマン】) [ONE-PUNCH MAN], 6th edition, volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, pages 69–70:

I’ve gotten this strong after 3 years, by doing 100 push-ups, 100 sit-ups, 100 squats, plus running 10 km, every single day!!!

Ore wa sannen de koko made tsuyoku natta, udetatefuse hyakkai, jōtai okoshi hyakkai, sukuwatto hyakkai, soshite ranningu jū-kiro, kore o mainichi yaru!!!

キロメートル キロメートル#Japanese


立て

連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 立(た)てる (tateru).

ja-etym-renyokei

(appended to numeral) successive defeats


立て

the number of movies or plays in a program


ヶ月

counter for months, used to express a period of time numbered in months


たて

All semantically derived from stem noun form tate of verb 立てる (tateru, “to stand something up, to set something up”), from verb 立つ (tatsu, “to stand, to be established, to be situated”).

立, 立て: prefixed to a person or role: the head or lead in a group; prefixed to a verb: an intensifier


振り

/puri/ → /furi/
From Old Japanese.
The 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 振(ふ)る (furu, “to swing”).

ja-ryk

刀が一振りある。


ニュートン

ja-noun

ニュートン • (nyūton)

ja:ニュートン
ja:ニュートン (曖昧さ回避)


ニュートン

ja:ニュートン
ja:ニュートン (曖昧さ回避)


ウェーバ

ja-pos

ウェーバ • (-wēba)


ターン

ターン • (-tān)

１ターンに１度

turn (one's chance to make a move in a game)


ルックス

[ɾɯ̟k̚kɯ̟̊sɨ]

ルックスが良い人


か国

2020 January 9, “安(あ)倍(べ)首(しゅ)相(しょう) 予(よ)定(てい)どおり中(ちゅう)東(とう)3(さん)か国(こく)訪(ほう)問(もん)へ”, in NHKニュース [NHK News], archived from the original on 2020-01-25:

Prime Minister Abe […] decided to visit the three nations as initially planned.

安倍総理大臣は、[…]当初の予定どおり3か国を訪問する意向を固めました。

Abe sōri daijin wa, […] tōsho no yotei dōri san-kakoku o hōmon suru ikō o katamemashita.


か国語

か国語 (canonical)
-ka kokugo (romanization)

1940, 小栗虫太郎, 人外魔境 遊魂境, 青空文庫:

その後、彼とケプナラがイースト・サイドへ出掛けていった。
そこは、二十七か国語が話されるという、人種の坩堝。

Sono go, kare to Kepunara ga Īsuto Saido e dekakete itta.
Soko wa, nijūnana-ka kokugo ga hanasareru to iu, jinshu no rutsubo.

Later, he and Kepunara headed out to the East Side.
It was a crucible of races, where twenty-seven languages were said to be spoken.


層倍

1955, 柳田国男, 年中行事覚書, 青空文庫:

人が自らを知るということは、すでに容易な仕事ではないが、国民が自分の国を知るのは、それよりもまた何層倍かむつかしいことだった。

Hito ga mizukara o shiru to iu koto wa, sude ni yōi na shigoto de wa nai ga, kokumin ga jibun no kuni o shiru no wa, sore yori mo mata nansōbai ka mutsukashii koto datta.

It is already not an easy task for people to understand themselves. Compared to that, it was several times more difficult for citizens to understand their own country.

薬九層倍

薬九層倍 くすりくそうばい