gila

gilanndema (alternative)
gilla (alternative)
daga (alternative)

Koli Teŋella dahi leyɗe heewɗe gila e Fuuta Tooro haa yottoyii Fuuta Jaloo.

Koli Tengella conquered several territories, from Fouta-Toro to Fouta-Jallon

(Pular, Pulaar) since, from (a place in time or space) onward


geese

From Proto-Fula-Serer *gaar (cotton thread).


tata

(Pular, Pulaar) tata (a defensive city wall)


-an

defde (“to cook”) + -an → defande (“to cook for someone”)

(Pulaar) indicates that the subject is doing the verb for someone or something


-in

jangude (“study, learn”) + -in → janginde (“teach”)

famude (“to understand”) + -in → faminde (“to explain something to someone”)


keso

keso
hesɓe
heyɓe
hesre
heyre
hesru
heyru
hese
heso
kesal
kesol
kesi
hesi
kesum
kesri
heyri
kesu
hesu
kesa
hesa
kesam
kese
kesel
kesii
keson
kesoy

From hey- (“be new”), the same root as heyɗugol.


horde

horde nde (canonical)
kore ɗe (plural)
hoorde (alternative)


-ir

winndude (“to write”) + -ir → winndirde (“to write with...”)

helde (“to break”) + -ir → helirde (“to break with.../to break by means of”)

(Pulaar) indicates that the action is performed with an instrument or tool, (by means of)


maayo

maayo ngo (canonical)
maaje ɗe (plural)
Niger Fulfulde maayooji (Western)
𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤮 (alternative)

(Pular, Pulaar, Western Niger Fulfulde, Maasina) river


tato

rewɓe tato

(Pulaar dialect, with human nouns) three


muk

From Proto-Fula-Serer *muk, whence also Serer muk (“never”).


ella

elle (Maasina Plural)

ellaaji (Pulaar Plural)

allaaru (Maasina)

(Maasina, Pulaar) flaw, blemish, vice, defect


laana

laana ka (canonical)
laanaaji ɗi (plural)

laana cuurki

laana ndiwoowa

jom laana

(Pular, Pulaar, Western Niger Fulfulde) boat, ship, vessel


ɗiɗo

worɓe ɗiɗo


nayo

(Pulaar, Maasina, dialect, with human nouns) four


nofuru

nofuru ndu (canonical)
noppi ɗi (plural)


maleyka

maleyka o (canonical)
maleykaaji ɗi (plural)

From Arabic مَلَائِكَة (malāʔika), plural of مَلْأَك (malʔak).


koŋŋgol

koŋŋgol ŋgol (canonical)
koŋŋguli ɗi (plural)
𞤳𞤮𞤽𞥆𞤺𞤮𞤤 (alternative)
konngol (alternative)


annabi

annabi o (canonical)
annabaaɓe ɓe (plural)

(Pulaar) prophet (one who speaks by divine inspiration)


yamiroore

yamiroore nde (canonical)
jamirooje ɗe (plural)


mawniraaɗo

mawniraaɗo o (canonical)
mawniraaɓe ɓe (plural)
mawniraawo (alternative)

From the root maw-, related to largeness + -n- + -ir-.


ruuhu

ruuhu o (canonical)
ruuhuuji ɗi (plural)

(Pulaar, Maasina) spirit (supernatural being)


-d

haalde (“to say, speak”) + -d → haaldude (“to talk to each other, negotiate, transact”)

(Pulaar) indicates that the action is performed with someone or something


jamaa

(Pulaar) place to do one's daily prayers


pingu

pingu ngu (canonical)
pinguuji ɗi (plural)


moorde

From moor- (“plait, braid”) + -de. Ultimately from Proto-Fula-Serer *mod/r (braid, tress), whence also Serer mod (“to tress, bend a rope”).


peesde

From French péser (“to weigh”). Analyzable as pees- + -de.


waande

waande nge (canonical)
baaɗe ɗe (plural)


gando

(Pulaar) philosopher, lettered person, man of letters, scholar


jula

jula o (canonical)
julaaɓe ɓe (plural)
julaajo (alternative)

From a Mande language.
The word "Jula" means trader in Manding languages (Mandinka/Mandingo). The word derived from the root word "Julo" or "Julu" meaning rope. The word was originally referred to rope traders with the pastoral Fulani herders and along the Sahara, but the term would come to generally signify a trader or merchant especially in gold and other precious metals. The name is however most commonly associated with gold traders, those that dealt in Jewelry, a Jew-e-ler (Ju-la). The term has become so widely used today to even refer to a shop keeper.


talaata

Borrowed from Arabic الثَّلَاثَاء (aṯ-ṯalāṯāʔ).

bor

الثَّلَاثَاء

Arabic الثَّلَاثَاء (aṯ-ṯalāṯāʔ)


-oy

sippude (“to buy or sell milk”) + -oy → sippoyde (“to go and buy or sell milk”)

reende (“to supervise, watch over”) + -oy → réénoyde (“to go and guard”)

ñaawde (“to judge”) + -oy → ñaawoyde (“to go and judge”)

(Pulaar) indicates that physical movement must take place for the verb to occur


liiter

liiter o (canonical)
liiteruuji ɗi (plural)


wudere

From Proto-Fula-Serer *Bu(u)d , whence also Serer mbuud/puud (“loincloth”).


saare

saare nde (canonical)
saareeji ɗi (plural)
= caqe (plural)
ca'e (plural)


mahoowo

mahoowo o (canonical)
mahooɓe ɓe (plural)


tabalde

tabalde nde (canonical)
tabalɗe ɗe (plural)


dolokke

dolokke o (canonical)
dolokkaaji ɗi (plural)


potal

(Pular, Pulaar) equality, harmony, uniformity


cukalel

cukalel ngel (canonical)
cukaloy kon (plural)
cukalél (alternative)


laawol

laawol ngol or (canonical)
laawi ɗi (plural)
laabi (plural)
𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮𞤤 (alternative)
lappol (alternative)

(Pular, Pulaar, Adamawa, Western Niger Fulfulde, Maasina) path, route, way, method


jalbugol

jalbugol ngol (canonical)
jalbude (alternative)

From Proto-Fula-Serer *jal, whence also Serer cal (“to shine brightly”). Cognate with Wamey cílá.


kamɓe

(Pular, Pulaar) third person plural;emphatic they, them


kaŋko

(Pulaar, Adamawa) third person singular;emphatic him, her, it


ñiire

ñiire nde (canonical)
ñiiƴe ɗe (plural)
nyiindere (alternative)

From Proto-Fula-Serer *ɲiɲ, whence also Serer ñiiñ.


yaakaare

Cognate with Wolof yaakaar. (Pular, Pulaar)


miijo

(Pular, Pulaar, Maasina) thought, imagination, opinion, idea, point of view, impression


paɗal

paɗal ngal (canonical)
paɗe ɗe (plural)
faɗo (alternative)


nelal

nelal ngal (canonical)
nulal (alternative)

(Pular, Pulaar) message, messenger, commission


hoodere

hoodere nde (canonical)
ɗe koode (plural)
hoorre (alternative)

From Proto-Fula-Serer *xoor/d, whence also Serer xooro/koora (“star”). The Proto-Atlantic root is likely koʈ Possibly cognate with Laalaa ol (“star”).

(Pular, Adamawa, Maasina, Pulaar, Western Niger Fulfulde) star


dandude

From daɗ- (“safety, saving”) + -n- + -u + -de.


rewde

(Pulaar) to follow, persist, conform, pursue, revere, venerate


nandude

From nand- (“resemble, look like”) + -u + -de. Ultimately from Proto-Fula-Serer *nand (resemble), whence also Serer nand (“to look alike, resemble”).


luural

luural ngal (canonical)
luure ɗe (plural)
lurral (alternative)

(Pulaar, Western Niger Fulfulde) dispute, disagreement, conflict


fenaande

fenaande nde (canonical)
penaale (plural)


tefoowo

From tef- (“mediate, pacify”) + -oowo (“agent suffix”).


wojere

wojere nde (canonical)
bojel (diminutive)
bojal (augmentative)


ɗaamol

ɗaamol ngol (canonical)
ɗaami ɗi (plural)

From Proto-Fula-Serer *ɗaam(ɓ), whence also Serer ɗaamɓ.


jippaade

From Proto-Fula-Serer *jip (descend) Analyzable as jipp- + -aa + -de.


yimre

Ultimately from Proto-Fula-Serer *gim, (sing), whence also Serer kim (“song”).


yontere

yontere nde (canonical)
jonte ɗe (plural)


gawlo

From Proto-Fula-Serer *gawul (griot), whence also Serer gawul (“griot”).


móóról

Ultimately from Proto-Fula-Serer *mod/r (braid, tress), whence also Serer mod (“to tress, bend a rope”).


céwngu

céwngu ngu (canonical)
cirgu (alternative)
colu (alternative)


ɗaatde

(Pulaar, intransitive) to be soft, smooth


geɗal

geɗal ngal (canonical)
geɗu (alternative)
ngeɗu (alternative)
njeɗu (alternative)
jeɗu (alternative)


dadorde

dadorde nde (canonical)
nadorde (alternative)


aññeere

aññeere nde (canonical)
gaññeeje ɗe (plural)


yandinde

(transitive) to make fall, topple, demolish


rawaandu

rawaandu ndu (canonical)
dawaaɗi ɗi (plural)


dabbunde

dabbunde nde (canonical)
dabbuɗe ɗe (plural)

(Adamawa, Pulaar) the dry and cold season between November and January winter


hirke

hirke o (canonical)
hirke ɗe (plural)
kirke (alternative)

From a Mande language. Cognate with Serer kerxe.


móññude

From mooɲ- + -u + -de. Ultimately from Proto-Fula-Serer *mooɲ/*morɲ (crush, smash, squish), whence also Serer mooɲ (“to crumble, grind, knead”).

(transitive, Pulaar) to crush, squish, squeeze, mash, smash, squash


muuɗde

From muuɗ- + -de. Ultimately from Proto-Fula-Serer *muɗ (to eat something starchy), whence also Serer muɗ (“to eat something starchy”). Likely also related to Proto-Fula-Serer *mʊd/ɗ (to swallow)

(Pulaar) to eat a floury, starchy substance


mutde

From muuɗ- + -de. Ultimately from Proto-Fula-Serer *muʈ (to sink), whence also Serer mud (“to plunge underwater”).


yaafaade

(transitive, Pulaar) to spare, pardon, forgive


tuumde

(intransitive, Pulaar) to allege, suspect, suppose


janfa

janfa ka (canonical)
jamfa (alternative)
jamba (alternative)

(Pular, Pulaar) treason, trickery, deceit


dañal

(Pular, Pulaar) gain, profit, advantage, benefit


wóyndu

wóyndu ndu (canonical)
woyndu (alternative)
ɓulndu (alternative)
ɓunndu (alternative)
ɓolndu (alternative)
wawru (alternative)


janginde

From jang- (“learn, read”) + -in (“causative”) + -de.

(Pulaar, transitive) to educate, instruct, lecture, teach


majaango

majaango ngo (canonical)
majaali ɗi (plural)


mahde

(Pulaar) to build, construct, edit, mold


ekkaade

(Pulaar, middle voice) to learn by trial, experiment


jiiba

jiiba o (canonical)
jiifa (alternative)
jeyba (alternative)


juurngól

juurngól ngól (canonical)
juurli ɗi (plural)


tellaade

(intransitive, Pulaar) to alight, dismount


tékkude

Ultimately from Proto-Fula-Serer *Teng/kk (thick). Possibly cognate with Wolof dëgër (“to be hard, solid”).


teetde

(transitive, Pulaar) to take a place by force, usurp


haaju

haaju o (canonical)
haajuuji ɗi (plural)
haagu (alternative)

(Pulaar, Maasina) need, problem, affair, business, concern


saaynude

Ultimately from Proto-Fula-Serer *sɔɔy (melt). Cognate with Wolof seey/sooy (“to melt, dissolve”).


jangude

(Pulaar, active voice) to read, study, learn


jangde

(Pulaar) education, instruction, literacy


jangoowo

From jang- (“to read, learn”) + -oowo (“agent suffix”).


-oowo

(Pulaar) agent suffix, indicates a person who performs the action


ñaamo

ñaamo
ñaamuɓe
ñaamere
ñaamuru
ñaame
ñaamal
ñaamol
ñaami
ñaamum
ñaamiri
ñaamu
ñaama
ñaamam
ñaamel
ñaamon
ñaamoy


hirnaange

hirnaange nge (canonical)
hiirnaange (alternative)


dujal

dujal ngal (canonical)
danŋeere (alternative)
denŋeere (alternative)
duundere (alternative)


domdomal

domdomal ngal (canonical)
domdome ɗe (plural)


mbaggu

mbaggu ngu (canonical)
baggel (diminutive)


humpeede

(passive voice, Pulaar) to ignore, be unaware of, be without news of


naywude

(active voice, intransitive, Pulaar) to be old


feggere

feggere nde (canonical)
fiyaare (alternative)


nelde

(active voice, transitive, Pulaar) to send, dispatch (a person)


liirde

(transitive, Pulaar) to spread out to dry


jaayngal

jaayngal ngal (canonical)
goyngol (alternative)


jarabi

jarabi o (canonical)
jarribe (alternative)

From Arabic جَرَّبَ (jarraba, “to test, try, tempt”).


gaawal

gaawal ngal (canonical)
gaawe ɗe (plural)


cukaagu

cukaagu ngu (canonical)
cukaaku (alternative)


yaactaade

(Pulaar) to accelerate, hurry up, speed up


yaafuya

(Pulaar) amnesty, pardon, apology, mercy, clemency, grace


saanga

saanga o (canonical)
saangaaji ɗi (plural)


helmere

helmere nde (canonical)
kelme ɗe (plural)


waalo

(Pulaar) low-lying land next to a riverbank