friscum

Italo-Romance:

Italian: fresco (see there for further descendants)

Neapolitan: frisco

Sicilian: friscu
→ Maltese: frisk

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: fresc

Franco-Provençal: frès

Old French: freis (see there for further descendants)

Old Occitan: fresc
Occitan: fresc

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: friscu

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: fresco

Asturian: frescu

Leonese: frescu

Old Galician-Portuguese: fresco

Galician: fresco

Portuguese: fresco

Old Spanish: fresco

desc

Ladino: פﬞריסקו

Ladino: פﬞריסקו

desctree

Spanish: fresco
→ Belizean Creole: fresko
→ Bikol Central: presko

Borrowed from one or more of the above:

Medieval Latin: friscus [13th c.]


directiare

Italo-Romance:

Italian: drizzare, dirizzare

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: dreçâ

Gallo-Italic:

Piedmontese: dressé

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: dreçar

Franco-Provençal: drèciér

Old French: drecier (see there for further descendants)

Occitan: dreçar

Ibero-Romance:

Old Spanish: dereçar
Spanish: derezar (obsolete)

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: derettare

Italo-Romance:

Italian: addirizzare

Sicilian: addizzari

Gallo-Italic:

Piedmontese: adressé

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: adreçar

Franco-Provençal: adrèciér

Old French: adrecier (see there for further descendants)

Occitan: adreçar

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: adrezar

Portuguese: adereçar

Spanish: aderezar

Italo-Romance:

Italian: indirizzare

Sicilian: nnirizzari

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: endreçar

Old French: endrecier

Occitan: endreçar

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: endrezar

Galician: enderezar

Portuguese: endereçar

Spanish: enderezar

From dīrēctus + -iāre (causative verb-forming suffix).


ossamen

Balkan Romance:

Romanian: osamă (dialectal)

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: ossame, ussame

Italian: ossame

Neapolitan: ossamma, ussamma

Sicilian: ussami

North Italian:

Friulian: uessam

Ladin: ossam

Romansch: ossam

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: ossam

Ibero-Romance:

Spanish: osambre

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: ossamene

Campidanese: ossamini

From oss- (“bone”) + -āmen (suffix that took on a collective sense).

-men<alt:-āmen><pos:suffix that took on a collective sense>


thunnina

Italo-Romance:

Italian: tonnina

Sicilian: tunnina

Gallo-Romance:

French: thonnine

Catalan: tonyina

Ibero-Romance:

Galician: touliña

Spanish: toñina, tonina, tollina

Portuguese: toninha

Insular-Romance:

Sardinian: tonnina

From thunnus (“tuna”) + -ina (“of or pertaining to”).


aiunare

aiūnāre (canonical)
*iaiūnāre (alternative)

Balkan Romance:

Albanian: agjëroj (possibly)

Aromanian: agiun

Romanian: ajuna

Ibero Romance:

Asturian: ayunar

Mirandese: ayunar, aiunar

Spanish: ayunar

From a modification of iēiūnāre via a form *iaiūnāre (cf. iaiūnus, the older form of ieiūnus), or through dissimilation. Alternatively through a root *adiūnāre, with the prefix ad-.


stuppare

stuppāre (canonical)
*asstuppāre (alternative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: astup, astupari

Romanian: astupa, astupare

Italo-Dalmatian:

Italian: stoppare

Venetan: stupar

Sicilian: stuppari, attuppari

Rhaeto-Romance:

Romansch: stuppar

Gallo-Romance:

Old French: estuper

French: étouper

Ibero-Romance:

Old Spanish: estopar

Portuguese: estopar

→ Albanian: shtupoj

obstruct, block up, plug up, stop, stop up, stopper (i.e. with tow/oakum)


resalire

Balkano-Romance:

Aromanian: arsar

Romanian: răsări

Italo-Romance:

Italian: risalire

Gallo-Romance:

Old French: resalir, resaillir

Ibero-Romance:

Portuguese: ressair

Spanish: resalir

From re- + saliō (“spring forth; leap”). Akin to Classical resiliō.


albastrum

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: albastru

Romanian: albastru

Italo-Romance:

⇒ Italian: albastrello

albus (“white”) + -astrum (suffix expressing partial or incomplete resemblance)


fenare

Balkan Romance:

⇒ Romanian: afâna

Gallo-Romance:

French: faner

Occitan: fenar


fagetum

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: fãdzet

Romanian: făget

Italo-Romance:

Italian: faggeto

Ibero-Romance:

⇒ Asturian: fayéu

Old Spanish: haedo

⇒ Spanish: hayedo

beechwood, beech grove, area where beech trees grow


franctus

la-part

*franctus (feminine *francta, neuter *franctum); first/second-declension participle

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: frãmtu

Romanian: frânt

Italo-Romance:

Italian: franto

Venetan: franto

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: frant

From fractus, with the nasal imported from the present frangō.


lucorem

lūcōrem (canonical masculine)
*lūcōr (alternative)

Balkan Romance:

Romanian: lucoare

Italo-Romance:

Italian: lucore

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: llugor

French: lueur

Occitan: lugor, lusor


derenare

Balkan Romance:

Romanian: dărâna (regional)

Italo-Romance:

Old Italian: direnare

Ibero-Romance:

Galician: derrear

Portuguese: derrear


matteuca

matteūca (canonical feminine)
*mattiūca (alternative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: mãtsucã

Romanian: măciucă

Gallo-Romance:

Old French: massüe, maçüe, maçugue

French: massue

Occitan: maçuga

Picard: machuque

Ibero-Romance:

Old Galician-Portuguese: massuca?

From mattea/mattia (itself probably vulgarly derived from mateola, with the suffix -ūca (likely of Gallic origin), or perhaps influenced by festūca.


nascutus

*nāscūtus (feminine *nāscūta, neuter *nāscūtum); first/second-declension participle

nāscūtus (canonical)
nāscūta (feminine)
nāscūtum (neuter)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: nãscut

Romanian: născut

Italo-Dalmatian:

Dalmatian: nascoit

Old Italian: nasciuto, nassuto

Sicilian: nasciutu

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: nassût

Ladin: nascù

Romansch: naschiu

Gallo-Italian:

Piedmontese: nassù

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: nascut

Occitan: nascut

Ibero-Romance:

Old Spanish: nascudo


vidutus

*vidūtus (feminine *vidūta, neuter *vidūtum); first/second-declension participle

vidūtus (canonical)
vidūta (feminine)
vidūtum (neuter)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: vidzut

Megleno-Romanian: vizut

Romanian: văzut

Italo-Dalmatian:

Dalmatian: vedoit

Italian: veduto

Sicilian: vidutu

Venetan: vedù, vedùo

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: viodût

Ladin: vedù

Romansch: visiu

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: vëu

Old French: veü, vedüt

French: vu

Ibero-Romance:

Old Galician-Portuguese: veudo, viudo

videō + -ūtus. Equivalent to classical vīsus.


exconspuere

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: ascuchiu, ascuchiri

⇒ Romanian: scuipa

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: escupir

Occitan: escopir

Ibero-Romance:

Spanish: escupir


excutulare

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: ascutur, ascuturari

Megleno-Romanian: scutur, scuturari

Romanian: scutura

Italo-Romance:

Neapolitan: scotulare (Calabrian), scutelà (Abruzzese)

Italian: scotolare

Tarantino: scutulare


expanticare

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: spãntic, spãnticari

Romanian: spinteca

Italo-Romance:

Neapolitan: spantecare (Calabrian), spandecà (Abruzzese)

Padanian:

Venetan: spantegar

From ex- + pantex, pantices (“guts, bowels, belly”) + -āre.

burst (open), break open, cleave, rend (originally the belly? thus, disembowel or eviscerate?)


extramutare

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: strãmut, strãmutari

Romanian: strămuta

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: stramudâ

Island Romance:

Sardinian: stramudai

extrā + mūtāre, as a change of prefix from trānsmūtāre.


extrapungere

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: strãpungu, strãpundziri

Romanian: străpunge

Northern Italian:

Venetan: straponzer

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: straponzi

extrā + pungere, possibly as a change of prefix from a *trānspungere.


ad vix

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: ayia

Romanian: abia

Ibero-Romance:

Spanish: abés


suggluttiare

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: sugljits, sugljitsari

Romanian: sughița, sughițare

Italo-Romance:

desc

Calabrese: >? sugiuttare, suggliuttare, sogliuttare

Neapolitan: sellozzare, selluzzare, sellozzà, selluzzà

Romanesco: sulluzzare

Sicilian: sugghiuzzari, sugghiuzziari

Ibero-Romance:

>? Asturian: sollutar

Galician: saloucar, salouzar

Portuguese: soluçar

Spanish: sollozar

From suggluttium or from singultō influenced by gluttiō.


excloppus

la-adj

*excloppus (feminine *excloppa, neuter *excloppum); first/second-declension adjective

Balkan Romance:

→ Albanian: shqep

Aromanian: shcljop

Istro-Romanian: șliop

Megleno-Romanian: șcľop

Romanian: șchiop

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: esclop

Old French: esclop, esclot

French: esclop, esclot, éclopé

Occitan: esclòp

ex- + cloppus, likely of imitiative origin ultimately. In the case of the Gallo-Romance descendants, it may have been influenced by sculponeus (“clog”).


tabonem

tabōnem (canonical masculine)
*tabō (alternative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: tãun

Megleno-Romanian: tăun

Romanian: tăun, tăune

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: tôna

Old French: täun, tahon, toon

French: taon

Norman: taon

From tabanus (“gadfly, horsefly”) + -ōnem.


exbattere

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: zbat, zbatiri

Romanian: zbate, zbatere

Italo-Romance:

Italian: sbattere

Sicilian: sbàttiri

North Italian:

Friulian: sbati

Venetan: sbàter, sbàtar

From ex- + battĕre, Late Latin variant of battuere.