अ

The first vowel of Sanskrit, written in the Devanagari script. Inherent after consonants.


क

table
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *kás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kás, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷós. Cognate with Avestan 𐬐𐬀 (ka), Ancient Greek ποῖος (poîos), Latin quis, Old English hwā (whence English who).

सः कः?

एषः कः?


अहम्

sa-pron

अहम् • (ahám)

ahám (romanization)
अहम् (nominative singular)
आवाम् (dual nominative)
वयम् (nominative plural)
माम् (accusative singular)
आवाम् (accusative dual)
अस्मान् (accusative plural)
मया (instrumental singular)
आवाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अस्माभिः (instrumental plural)
मह्यम् (dative singular)
आवाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अस्मभ्यम् (dative plural)
मत् (ablative singular)
आवाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अस्मत् (ablative plural)
मम (genitive singular)
आवयोः (dual genitive)
अस्माकम् (genitive plural)
मयि (locative singular)
आवयोः (dual locative)
अस्मासु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalasha: a

Khowar: aowa

Middle Indo-Aryan: *𑀅𑀳𑀁 (*ahaṃ)

desc

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀅𑀳𑀁 (ahaṃ), 𑀳𑀁 (haṃ)

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀳𑀕𑁂 (hage), 𑀳𑀕𑁆𑀕𑁂 (hagge), 𑀳𑀁 (haṃ), 𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ) (Ashokan Edicts)

Kamarupi Prakrit: 𑖮𑖯𑖼𑖄 (hā̃u)

Gandhari: 𐨀𐨱 (aha)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀅𑀳𑀁 (ahaṃ), 𑀅𑀳𑀅𑀁 (ahaaṃ), 𑀳𑀁 (haṃ)

Jain Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀅𑀳𑀅𑀁 (ahai̯aṃ), 𑀳𑀁 (haṃ)

Konkani: हांव (hā̃v, “I”)

Pali: ahaṃ

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀅𑀳𑀁 (ahaṃ)

Sauraseni Apabhramsa: हउं

Braj: हौं (ha͠u), हों (hõ)

Gurjar Apabhramsa: हउं

Old Gujarati: हउं (haüṃ)

Gujarati: હું (hũ)

Marwari: हौं (ha͠u)

→ Tamil: அஹம் (aham)

→ Telugu: అహము (ahamu), అహం (ahaṁ)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *aźʰám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *aȷ́ʰám, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂óm. Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬰𐬇𐬨 (azə̄m), Ancient Greek ἐγώ (egṓ), Latin ego, Old English ic (whence English I).

hi:सुभद्र झा


युष्मद्

sa-pron

युष्मद् • (yuṣmad)

yuṣmad (romanization)
त्वम् (nominative singular)
युवाम् (dual nominative)
यूयम् (nominative plural)
त्वाम् (accusative singular)
युवाम् (accusative dual)
युष्मान् (accusative plural)
त्वया (instrumental singular)
युवाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
युष्माभिः (instrumental plural)
तुभ्यम् (dative singular)
युवाभ्याम् (dative dual)
युष्मभ्यम् (dative plural)
त्वत् (ablative singular)
युवाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
युष्मत् (ablative plural)
तव (genitive singular)
युवयोः (dual genitive)
युष्माकम् (genitive plural)
त्वयि (locative singular)
युवयोः (dual locative)
युष्मासु (locative plural)
त्वा (accusative singular)
वाम् (accusative dual)
वः (accusative plural)
ते (dative singular)
वाम् (dative dual)
वः (dative plural)
ते (genitive singular)
वाम् (dual genitive)
वः (genitive plural)

Derived from Proto-Indo-European *yū́ (“you (pl.)”).


अस्मद्

sa-pron

अस्मद् • (asmad)

asmad (romanization)
अहम् (nominative singular)
आवाम् (dual nominative)
वयम् (nominative plural)
माम् (accusative singular)
आवाम् (accusative dual)
अस्मान् (accusative plural)
मया (instrumental singular)
आवाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अस्माभिः (instrumental plural)
मह्यम् (dative singular)
आवाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अस्मभ्यम् (dative plural)
मत् (ablative singular)
आवाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अस्मत् (ablative plural)
मम (genitive singular)
मे (genitive singular)
आवयोः (dual genitive)
अस्माकम् (genitive plural)
मयि (locative singular)
आवयोः (dual locative)
अस्मासु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *n̥sméd (“us”), ablative plural of *éǵh₂. Compare Latin nōs, Gothic 𐌿𐌽𐍃 (uns), Old English ūs (> modern English us).

the base of the first person plural pronoun


तद्

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *tád, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tád, from Proto-Indo-European *tód. Compare masculine and feminine forms स (sá), सा (sā́).

then, at that time, in that case (correlative of यदा (yadā́), यद् (yád) AV.; of यत्र (yátra) ŚBr. xiv; of यदि (yadi) Nal. Bhag. etc.; of चेद् (ce*d) Śak. etc.)


स

sá (romanization)
सः (nominative singular)
स (nominative singular)
तौ (dual nominative)
ते (nominative plural)
तम् (accusative singular)
तौ (accusative dual)
तान् (accusative plural)
तेन (instrumental singular)
ताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तैः (instrumental plural)
तस्मै (dative singular)
ताभ्याम् (dative dual)
तेभ्यः (dative plural)
तस्मात् (ablative singular)
ततः (ablative singular)
ताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ततः (ablative dual)
तेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ततः (ablative plural)
तस्य (genitive singular)
तयोः (dual genitive)
तेषाम् (genitive plural)
तस्मिन् (locative singular)
सस्मिन् (locative singular)
तयोः (dual locative)
तेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

तस्मात्, ततः

तस्मिन्, सस्मिन्

ताभ्याम्, ततः

sa-decl-noun/cell

तस्मात्, ततः

ताभ्याम्, ततः

तस्मिन्, सस्मिन्

Garhwali: सु (su)

Mandeali: से (se)

Kashmiri: سُہ (suh)

Pali: so, sa (rare)

Prakrit: 𑀲𑁄 (so)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *sá, *sáH, *tád, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sá, *sáH, *tád, from Proto-Indo-European *só, *séh₂, *tód. Cognate with Ancient Greek ὁ (ho), ἡ (hē), τό (tó), Old Church Slavonic тъ (tŭ), та (ta), то (to), Old English se (whence English the). Compare also the suppletive-stem feminine and neuter forms सा (sā́), तद् (tád).


कु

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *ku, *kū, formed from *kʷ-. Compare Avestan 𐬐𐬏 (kū), Albanian ku (“where?”), and Latin ubi. Related to किम् (kim, “what?”).
Monier-Williams theorizes that this was originally an interjectional interrogative word signifying "how (strange)!", which described an oddity or deficiency in something. See the prefix कु- (ku-) for more.


कतर

/ˈkɐ.t̪ɐ.ɾɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *katarás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kátaras, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷóteros, from *kʷos (“which”) (whence also क (ká)). Cognate with Ancient Greek πότερος (póteros), Lithuanian katràs, Russian который (kotoryj), Old English hwæþer (whence English whether).


सीम्

head

सीम् • (sīm)

Originally accusative of a pronominal base and connected with स (sa) as कीम् (kīm) with क (ka).

him, her, it, them (employed for all genders, numbers and persons and often weakened into a generalizing and emphasizing particle, which may become an enclitic particle after a pronoun or preposition, often translatable by "ever")


सा

सा • (sā́) f

sā́ (romanization)
सा (nominative singular)
ते (dual nominative)
ताः (nominative plural)
ताम् (accusative singular)
ते (accusative dual)
ताः (accusative plural)
तया (instrumental singular)
ताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ताभिः (instrumental plural)
तस्यै (dative singular)
ताभ्याम् (dative dual)
ताभ्यः (dative plural)
तस्याः (ablative singular)
ततः (ablative singular)
ताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ततः (ablative dual)
ताभ्यः (ablative plural)
ततः (ablative plural)
तस्याः (genitive singular)
तयोः (dual genitive)
तासाम् (genitive plural)
तस्याम् (locative singular)
तयोः (dual locative)
तासु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

ताभ्याम्, ततः

sa-decl-noun/cell

ताभ्याम्, ततः

From Proto-Indo-European *séh₂. Compare also masculine and neuter forms स (sá), तद् (tád).


यद्

yád (romanization)
यः (masculine nominative singular)
या (feminine nominative singular)
यत् (neuter nominative singular)
यौ (dual masculine nominative)
ये (dual feminine nominative)
ये (dual neuter nominative)
ये (masculine nominative plural)
याः (feminine nominative plural)
यानि (neuter nominative plural)
यम् (accusative masculine singular)
याम् (accusative feminine singular)
यत् (accusative neuter singular)
यौ (accusative dual masculine)
ये (accusative dual feminine)
ये (accusative dual neuter)
यान् (accusative masculine plural)
याः (accusative feminine plural)
यानि (accusative neuter plural)
येन (instrumental masculine singular)
यया (feminine instrumental singular)
येन (instrumental neuter singular)
याभ्याम् (dual instrumental masculine)
याभ्याम् (dual feminine instrumental)
याभ्याम् (dual instrumental neuter)
यैः (instrumental masculine plural)
याभिः (feminine instrumental plural)
यैः (instrumental neuter plural)
यस्मै (dative masculine singular)
यस्यै (dative feminine singular)
यस्मै (dative neuter singular)
याभ्याम् (dative dual masculine)
याभ्याम् (dative dual feminine)
याभ्याम् (dative dual neuter)
येभ्यः (dative masculine plural)
याभ्यः (dative feminine plural)
येभ्यः (dative neuter plural)
यस्मात् (ablative masculine singular)
यस्याः (ablative feminine singular)
यस्मात् (ablative neuter singular)
याभ्याम् (ablative dual masculine)
याभ्याम् (ablative dual feminine)
याभ्याम् (ablative dual neuter)
येभ्यः (ablative masculine plural)
याभ्यः (ablative feminine plural)
येभ्यः (ablative neuter plural)
यस्य (genitive masculine singular)
यस्याः (feminine genitive singular)
यस्य (genitive neuter singular)
ययोः (dual genitive masculine)
ययोः (dual feminine genitive)
ययोः (dual genitive neuter)
येषाम् (genitive masculine plural)
यासाम् (feminine genitive plural)
येषाम् (genitive neuter plural)
यस्मिन् (locative masculine singular)
यस्याम् (feminine locative singular)
यस्मिन् (locative neuter singular)
ययोः (dual locative masculine)
ययोः (dual feminine locative)
ययोः (dual locative neuter)
येषु (locative masculine plural)
यासु (feminine locative plural)
येषु (locative neuter plural)

sa-decl-pronoun

यस्मात् (yasmāt)

याभ्याम् (yābhyām)

याभ्याम् (yābhyām)

याभ्याम् (yābhyām)

येषाम् (yeṣām)

यस्याः (yasyāḥ)

यस्याः (yasyāḥ)

यस्याम् (yasyām)

याभ्याम् (yābhyām)

याभ्याम् (yābhyām)

याभ्याम् (yābhyām)

याभिः (yābhiḥ)

याभ्यः (yābhyaḥ)

याभ्यः (yābhyaḥ)

यासाम् (yāsām)

यस्मात् (yasmāt)

याभ्याम् (yābhyām)

याभ्याम् (yābhyām)

याभ्याम् (yābhyām)

येषाम् (yeṣām)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hyás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hyás, from Proto-Indo-European *Hyós, *Hyéh₂, *Hyód (“who, which”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὅς (hós), ἥ (hḗ), ὅ (hó), Avestan 𐬫𐬋 (yō), Phrygian ιος (ios /jos/), Old Church Slavonic иже (iže), Lithuanian jis, ji.

who, which, what, whichever, whatever, that (RV. etc.)


आत्मन्

ātmán (romanization)
आत्मा (nominative singular)
आत्मानौ (dual nominative)
आत्माना1 (dual nominative)
आत्मानः (nominative plural)
आत्मन् (singular vocative)
आत्मानौ (dual vocative)
आत्माना1 (dual vocative)
आत्मानः (plural vocative)
आत्मानम् (accusative singular)
आत्मानौ (accusative dual)
आत्माना1 (accusative dual)
आत्मनः (accusative plural)
आत्मना (instrumental singular)
आत्मभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आत्मभिः (instrumental plural)
आत्मने (dative singular)
आत्मभ्याम् (dative dual)
आत्मभ्यः (dative plural)
आत्मनः (ablative singular)
आत्मभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आत्मभ्यः (ablative plural)
आत्मनः (genitive singular)
आत्मनोः (dual genitive)
आत्मनाम् (genitive plural)
आत्मनि (locative singular)
आत्मन्1 (locative singular)
आत्मनोः (dual locative)
आत्मसु (locative plural)

/ˈɑːt̪.mɐn̪/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *HáHtmā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HáHtmā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éh₁t-mō ~ *h₁h₁t-m̥nés (“breath, spirit”), from *h₁eh₁t- (“to breathe”) + *-mō. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *ēþmô (“breath”), Proto-Tocharian *āñcäme (“wish, self, soul”). Compare Proto-Nuristani *āmmána (“self”) (whence Kamkata-viri amú).

cog

a person as a whole, as opposed to their parts (VS., ŚBr.)


किम्

head

किम् • (kim)

Excluding the neuter form किम् (kim) itself, inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *kás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kás, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷós.
Further etymology
कद् (kad), attested in the Ṛgveda, was the original neuter singular nominative-accusative, and is used in the later language as the base form of this term in compounds (for example, in कच्चन (kaccana, “in no way or manner”) from कद् (kad) + चन (cana, “also not”)). Compare Latin quod.
In Classical Sanskrit, किम् (kim), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kím ~ čím, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷím, supplanted कद् (kad) as the neuter singular nominative-accusative. Other vestiges of the old Indo-Iranian declinable *kím ~ čím are also seen in the indeclinables किस् (kis), चिद् (cid). Mayrhofer considers this suppletion a Prakritism or more likely an archaism, for which compare Younger Avestan 𐬗𐬌𐬨 (cim), 𐬐𐬆𐬨 (kəm).

(often followed by किल (kila)) what a pity!


किम्

किम् • (kím)

त्वम् किम् वदसि?

यस्माद् इन्द्राद् ऋते किंचन

कश्चन। न कश्चन

whoever, whatever, anyone, someone (indefinite)

(followed by चन (cana)) nothing, nobody, anyone, anybody (meaning dependent on context)


अयम्

अयम् • (ayám) m

ayám (romanization)
अयम् (nominative singular)
इमौ (dual nominative)
इमे (nominative plural)
इमम् (accusative singular)
इमौ (accusative dual)
इमान् (accusative plural)
अनेन (instrumental singular)
आभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
एभिः (instrumental plural)
अस्मै (dative singular)
आभ्याम् (dative dual)
एभ्यः (dative plural)
अस्मात् (ablative singular)
आभ्याम् (ablative dual)
एभ्यः (ablative plural)
अस्य (genitive singular)
अनयोः (dual genitive)
एषाम् (genitive plural)
अस्मिन् (locative singular)
अनयोः (dual locative)
एषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ayám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ayám, from Proto-Indo-European *éy. Compare the feminine and neuter forms इयम् f (iyám) and इदम् n (idám).

अनेन विधिना शुक्लसप्तम्यां मासि मासि च।
सर्वं समाचरेद्भक्त्या वित्तशाठ्यविवर्जितः॥
anena vidhinā śuklasaptamyāṃ māsi māsi ca.
sarvaṃ samācaredbhaktyā vittaśāṭhyavivarjitaḥ.

c. 200–500 CE, Matsya Purāṇa, chapter 78

With this act, in the Śukla saptamī of each month, with full devotion, the act of cheating should be shunned by each and every one.


स्वयम्

Originally a nominal verb of स्व (sva), formed like अहम् (aham).


एतद्

एतद् • (etád)

etád (romanization)
एषः (nominative singular)
एष (nominative singular)
एतौ (dual nominative)
एता1 (dual nominative)
एते (nominative plural)
एतम् (accusative singular)
एतौ (accusative dual)
एता1 (accusative dual)
एतान् (accusative plural)
एतेन (instrumental singular)
एताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
एतैः (instrumental plural)
एतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
एतस्मै (dative singular)
एताभ्याम् (dative dual)
एतेभ्यः (dative plural)
एतस्मात् (ablative singular)
एततः (ablative singular)
एताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
एततः (ablative dual)
एतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
एततः (ablative plural)
एतस्य (genitive singular)
एतयोः (dual genitive)
एतेषाम् (genitive plural)
एतस्मिन् (locative singular)
एतयोः (dual locative)
एतेषु (locative plural)
एषा (nominative singular)
एते (dual nominative)
एताः (nominative plural)
एताम् (accusative singular)
एते (accusative dual)
एताः (accusative plural)
एतया (instrumental singular)
एता1 (instrumental singular)
एताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
एताभिः (instrumental plural)
एतस्यै (dative singular)
एताभ्याम् (dative dual)
एताभ्यः (dative plural)
एतस्याः (ablative singular)
एततः (ablative singular)
एताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
एततः (ablative dual)
एतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
एततः (ablative plural)
एतस्याः (genitive singular)
एतयोः (dual genitive)
एतासाम् (genitive plural)
एतस्याम् (locative singular)
एतयोः (dual locative)
एतासु (locative plural)
एतत् (nominative singular)
एते (dual nominative)
एतानि (nominative plural)
एतत् (accusative singular)
एते (accusative dual)
एतानि (accusative plural)
एतेन (instrumental singular)
एताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
एतैः (instrumental plural)
एतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
एतस्मै (dative singular)
एताभ्याम् (dative dual)
एतेभ्यः (dative plural)
एतस्मात् (ablative singular)
एततः (ablative singular)
एताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
एततः (ablative dual)
एतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
एततः (ablative plural)
एतस्य (genitive singular)
एतयोः (dual genitive)
एतेषाम् (genitive plural)
एतस्मिन् (locative singular)
एतयोः (dual locative)
एतेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun-m

एत

एतस्मात्,एततः

एताभ्याम्,एततः

एतेभ्यः,एततः

sa-decl-noun-f

एता

एतस्याः,एततः

एताभ्याम्,एततः

एतेभ्यः,एततः

sa-decl-noun-n

एत

एतस्मात्,एततः

एताभ्याम्,एततः

एतेभ्यः,एततः

Dardic:

Kalami: aṣe

Khowar: ہیس (hes)

Torwali: اے (e)

Pali: eso, eta

desc

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀏𑀱 (eṣa), 𑀏𑀲 (esa), 𑀏𑀲𑀸 (esā)

Prakrit: 𑀏𑀲𑁄 (eso), 𑀏𑀅𑀁 (eaṃ), 𑀏𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 (eassa)

Central:

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:

Awadhi: यह (yah), एहु (ehu), इउ (iu)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Domaaki: [script needed] (hei)

desctree

Old Hindi: यहु (yahu), यह (yaha), यौ (yau)
Braj: यह (yah)
Hindustani:
Hindi: यह (yah)
Urdu: یہ (yah)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: ই (i), এই (ei)

Bengali: এ (e), এই (ei)

Bihari:

Maithili: ई (ī), एँ (ē̃)

Odia: ଏ (e)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Central Pahari:

Kumaoni: यो (yo)

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: यो (yo), यस (yas)

Western Pahari:

Bhadrawahi: ई (ī), इस (is)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Lahnda: اے (e), اس (is), ایہو (īho)

Punjabi: eh, ih, e

Gurmukhi script: ਏਹ, ਇਹ, ਏ

Shahmukhi script: اِہ, اِہ, اے

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: hiu, hia, ĩẽ, īho, īhā

desc

Arabic script: هِءُ, هِءَ, اِين, اِيهو, اِيهَا

Devanagari script: हिउ, हिअ, इएं, ईहो, ईहा

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: އެ (e)

Sinhalese: එ (e), ඒ (ē)

Western:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: એ (e)

Equivalent to Proto-Indo-European *éy + *tód. Compare Russian этот (etot), Latin istud.

एष बाणः

एष कालः

एषोऽहम्

sometimes used to give emphasis to the personal pronouns


स्व

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *swá, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swá, from Proto-Indo-European *swé (“self”). Cognate with Polish swa f, Avestan 𐬓𐬀 (xᵛa), Latin suus, Ancient Greek ἑός (heós), Persian خود (xwad), Russian свой (svoj).


त्व

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *twás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *twás, from Proto-Indo-European *twós.

त्वत्

alternate constructions of pronominal base

त्वम् त्वम्#Sanskrit

personal pronoun
personal pronoun#English

the base of त्वम् (tvam), the second-person personal pronoun.


मद्

the stem of अहम् (aham), the first-person personal pronoun.


अव

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hawa. Cognate to Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (auua).


इदम्

head

इदम् • (idám)

sa-adv

इदम् • (idám)

From Proto-Indo-European *id. Compare Latin id. Compare the feminine and masculine forms इयम् f (iyám) and अयम् m (ayám).


कश्चन

/ˈkɐɕ.t͡ɕɐ.n̪ɐ/


भोस्

an interjection or voc. particle commonly used in addressing another person or several persons = O! Ho! Hallo!, in soliloquies = alas!


काश्चन

head

काश्चन • (kāścana) f

/kɑːɕ.t͡ɕɐ.nɐ/

/ˈkɑːɕ.t͡ɕɐ.n̪ɐ/


मदीय

इदं फलम् मदीयम्


भवती

bhávatī (romanization)
भवती (nominative singular)
भवत्यौ (dual nominative)
भवती1 (dual nominative)
भवत्यः (nominative plural)
भवतीः1 (nominative plural)
भवति (singular vocative)
भवत्यौ (dual vocative)
भवती1 (dual vocative)
भवत्यः (plural vocative)
भवतीः1 (plural vocative)
भवतीम् (accusative singular)
भवत्यौ (accusative dual)
भवती1 (accusative dual)
भवतीः (accusative plural)
भवत्या (instrumental singular)
भवतीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भवतीभिः (instrumental plural)
भवत्यै (dative singular)
भवतीभ्याम् (dative dual)
भवतीभ्यः (dative plural)
भवत्याः (ablative singular)
भवत्यै2 (ablative singular)
भवतीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भवतीभ्यः (ablative plural)
भवत्याः (genitive singular)
भवत्यै2 (genitive singular)
भवत्योः (dual genitive)
भवतीनाम् (genitive plural)
भवत्याम् (locative singular)
भवत्योः (dual locative)
भवतीषु (locative plural)

/ˈbʱɐ.ʋɐ.t̪iː/

Feminine of भवत् (bhávat, “your honor”), itself shortened from भगवत् (bhágavat).

your ladyship, your excellency (used to respectfully denote a female addressee)


तति

तति • (táti)

táti (romanization)
तति (nominative plural)
तति (accusative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *toti, adverb from *só. Cognate with Latin tot, Ancient Greek τόσος (tósos).


त्मन्

tmán (romanization)
त्मा (nominative singular)
त्मानौ (dual nominative)
त्माना1 (dual nominative)
त्मानः (nominative plural)
त्मन् (singular vocative)
त्मानौ (dual vocative)
त्माना1 (dual vocative)
त्मानः (plural vocative)
त्मानम् (accusative singular)
त्मानौ (accusative dual)
त्माना1 (accusative dual)
त्मनः (accusative plural)
त्मना (instrumental singular)
त्मभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
त्मभिः (instrumental plural)
त्मने (dative singular)
त्मभ्याम् (dative dual)
त्मभ्यः (dative plural)
त्मनः (ablative singular)
त्मभ्याम् (ablative dual)
त्मभ्यः (ablative plural)
त्मनः (genitive singular)
त्मनोः (dual genitive)
त्मनाम् (genitive plural)
त्मनि (locative singular)
त्मन्1 (locative singular)
त्मनोः (dual locative)
त्मसु (locative plural)

Aphetic variant of आत्मन् (ātmán), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *HáHtmā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HáHtmā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éh₁t-mō ~ *h₁h₁t-m̥nés (“breath, spirit”), from *h₁eh₁t- + *-mō.


कुह

कुह • (kúha)

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kʷú-dʰe, from *kʷos, *kʷis. See कुत्र (kutra).

kúha svid doṣā́ kúha vástor ašvínā kúhābhipitváṃ karataḥ kúhoṣatuḥ

Where are ye, Asvins, in the evening, where at morn? Where is your halting place, where rest ye for the night?


अदस्

sa-pron

अदस् • (adás)

adás (romanization)
असौ (nominative singular)
अमू (dual nominative)
अमी (nominative plural)
अमुम् (accusative singular)
अमू (accusative dual)
अमून् (accusative plural)
अमुना (instrumental singular)
अमूभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अमीभिः (instrumental plural)
अमुष्मै (dative singular)
अमूभ्याम् (dative dual)
अमीभ्यः (dative plural)
अमुष्मात् (ablative singular)
अमूभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अमीभ्यः (ablative plural)
अमुष्य (genitive singular)
अमुयोः (dual genitive)
अमीषाम् (genitive plural)
अमुष्मिन् (locative singular)
अमुयोः (dual locative)
अमीषु (locative plural)
असौ (nominative singular)
अमू (dual nominative)
अमूः (nominative plural)
अमूम् (accusative singular)
अमू (accusative dual)
अमूः (accusative plural)
अमुया (instrumental singular)
अमूभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अमूभिः (instrumental plural)
अमुष्यै (dative singular)
अमूभ्याम् (dative dual)
अमूभ्यः (dative plural)
अमुष्याः (ablative singular)
अमूभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अमूभ्यः (ablative plural)
अमुष्याः (genitive singular)
अमुयोः (dual genitive)
अमूषाम् (genitive plural)
अमुष्याम् (locative singular)
अमुयोः (dual locative)
अमूषु (locative plural)
अदः (nominative singular)
अमू (dual nominative)
अमूनि (nominative plural)
अदः (accusative singular)
अमू (accusative dual)
अमूनि (accusative plural)
अमुना (instrumental singular)
अमूभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अमीभिः (instrumental plural)
अमुष्मै (dative singular)
अमूभ्याम् (dative dual)
अमीभ्यः (dative plural)
अमुष्मात् (ablative singular)
अमूभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अमीभ्यः (ablative plural)
अमुष्य (genitive singular)
अमुयोः (dual genitive)
अमीषाम् (genitive plural)
अमुष्मिन् (locative singular)
अमुयोः (dual locative)
अमीषु (locative plural)


एन

ena (romanization)
एनम् (accusative singular)
एनौ (accusative dual)
एना1 (accusative dual)
एनान् (accusative plural)
एनेन (instrumental singular)
एनयोः (dual genitive)
एनयोः (dual locative)
एनाम् (accusative singular)
एने (accusative dual)
एनाः (accusative plural)
एनेया (instrumental singular)
एनयोः (dual genitive)
एनयोः (dual locative)
एनत् (accusative singular)
एने (accusative dual)
एनानि (accusative plural)
एनेन (instrumental singular)
एनयोः (dual genitive)
एनयोः (dual locative)

Uncertain. Most likely formed within Indo-Aryan, as there are no Indo-Iranian cognates. The traditional derivation from Proto-Indo-European *óynos, i.e. from indefinite numeral one to definite, anaphoric he, is semantically unlikely.
More probable is a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *éy, just like अयम् (ayám), एष (eṣá)/एतद् (etát), and the distal deictic particle *énοs, which is also contained in pronouns in other languages, like Hittite [script needed] (anniš, “that”), Ancient Greek ἐκεῖνος (ekeînos, “that”), Icelandic hann (“he”), and English yon.

third-person pronominal base meaning this; that; he; she; it (only found enclitically in a limited number of cases and numbers)

Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme


इयम्

इयम् • (iyám) f

iyám (romanization)
इयम् (nominative singular)
इमे (dual nominative)
इमाः (nominative plural)
इमाम् (accusative singular)
इमे (accusative dual)
इमाः (accusative plural)
अनया (instrumental singular)
आभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आभिः (instrumental plural)
अस्यै (dative singular)
आभ्याम् (dative dual)
आभ्यः (dative plural)
अस्याः (ablative singular)
आभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आभ्यः (ablative plural)
अस्याः (genitive singular)
अनयोः (dual genitive)
आसाम् (genitive plural)
अस्याम् (locative singular)
अनयोः (dual locative)
आसु (locative plural)

Feminine of अयम् m (ayám), इदम् n (idám).


स्य

head

स्य • (syá) m

syá (romanization)
स्यः (nominative singular)
त्यौ (dual nominative)
त्ये (nominative plural)
त्यम् (accusative singular)
त्यौ (accusative dual)
त्यान् (accusative plural)
त्येन (instrumental singular)
त्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
त्यैः (instrumental plural)
त्यस्मै (dative singular)
त्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
त्येभ्यः (dative plural)
त्यस्मात् (ablative singular)
त्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
त्येभ्य (ablative plural)
त्यस्य (genitive singular)
त्ययोः (dual genitive)
त्येषाम् (genitive plural)
त्यस्मिन् (locative singular)
त्ययोः (dual locative)
त्येषु (locative plural)

Derived from स (sá) with a suffix य (yá)

त्यं सु मेषं महया स्वर्विदं शतं यस्य सुभ्वः साकमीरते।
अत्यं न वाजं हवनस्यदं रथमेन्द्रं ववृत्यामवसे सुवृक्तिभिः॥
tyaṃ su meṣaṃ mahayā svarvidaṃ śataṃ yasya subhvaḥ sākamīrate.

I GLORIFY that Ram who finds the light of heaven, whose hundred nobly-natured ones go forth with him.
With hymns may I turn hither Indra to mine aid,—the Car which like a strong steed hasteth to the call.

atyaṃ na vājaṃ havanasyadaṃ rathamendraṃ vavṛtyāmavase suvṛktibhiḥ.


त्यद्

त्यद् • (tyád) n

tyád (romanization)
त्यत् (nominative singular)
त्ये (dual nominative)
त्या (nominative plural)
त्यानि (nominative plural)
त्यत् (accusative singular)
त्ये (accusative dual)
त्या (accusative plural)
त्यानि (accusative plural)
त्येन (instrumental singular)
त्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
त्यैः (instrumental plural)
त्यस्मै (dative singular)
त्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
त्येभ्यः (dative plural)
त्यस्मात् (ablative singular)
त्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
त्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
त्यस्य (genitive singular)
त्ययोः (dual genitive)
त्येषाम् (genitive plural)
त्यस्मिन् (locative singular)
त्ययोः (dual locative)
त्येषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

त्या, त्यानि

त्या, त्यानि

sa-decl-noun/cell

त्या, त्यानि

त्या, त्यानि

Derived from तद् (tád) with a suffix यद् (yád)


माकिस्

A compound of मा (mā́, “prohibitive”) and किस् (kís, “who”).

nobody, no one (prohibitive usage, as opposed to नकिस्)


नकिस्

A compound of न (ná, “no”) and किस् (kís, “who”).

माकिस् माकिस्

nobody, no one indicative usage, as opposed to prohibitive माकिस्


අහම්

sa-pron

අහම් • (ahám)

ahám (romanization)
අහම් (nominative singular)
ආවාම් (dual nominative)
වයම් (nominative plural)
මාම් (accusative singular)
ආවාම් (accusative dual)
අස්මාන් (accusative plural)
මයා (instrumental singular)
ආවාභ්යාම් (dual instrumental)
අස්මාභිඃ (instrumental plural)
මහ්යම් (dative singular)
ආවාභ්යාම් (dative dual)
අස්මභ්යම් (dative plural)
මත් (ablative singular)
ආවාභ්යාම් (ablative dual)
අස්මත් (ablative plural)
මම (genitive singular)
ආවයොඃ (dual genitive)
අස්මාකම් (genitive plural)
මයි (locative singular)
ආවයොඃ (dual locative)
අස්මාසු (locative plural)


किंचिद्

किंचिद् • (kiṃcid)

desc

Pali: kiñci (n. sg.), kaci (lemma), koci (m. sg.), keci (m. pl.)

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀓𑀺𑀁𑀘𑀺 (kiṃci, n. sg. nom.)

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀺𑀁𑀘𑀺 (kiṃci, n. sg. nom.)

Northeastern:

Sindhi: ڪس (kis)

Lahnda: [script needed] (kijh), [script needed] (kujh)

Punjabi: ਕੁੱਝ / کجھ (kujjha)

Eastern:

Assamese: কিছু (kisu)

Bengali: কিছু (kichu)

Maithili: किछु (kichʉ)

Central:

Old Hindi: कछू (kachū)

Hindi: कुछ (kuch)

Urdu: کچھ (kuch)

Dardic:

Ushojo: کوئی (kōai)

q

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀓𑁄𑀘𑀺 (koci), 𑀓𑁂𑀘𑀺 (keci) (attested at Shāhbāzgaṛhī, Girnār, Mānsehrā), with traces of the original -śc- in 𑀓𑁂𑀙 (keccha) (attested at Kālsī)

desc

Prakrit: 𑀓𑁄𑀇 (koi, m. sg. nom.), 𑀓𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀇 (kassaï, m. sg. gen.), 𑀓𑀸𑀇 (kāi, f. sg. nom.)

Northeastern:

Lahnda: [script needed] m (kōī), [script needed] f (kāī)

Punjabi: ਕੋਈ / کوئی (ko'ī)

Sindhi: ڪس (kisi)

Northern:

Nepali: कोही (kohī), कसै (kasai, gen.)

Eastern:

Bengali: কেউ (keu), কেই (kei), কেও (keō)

Assamese: কেও (keü)

Odia: କେଇ (kei)

Awadhi: कोइ (koi), केउ (keu)

Central:

Old Hindi: कोई (koī)

Hindi: कोई (koī)

Urdu: کوئی (koī)

Braj: कोऊ (koū)

Old Gujarati: कांई (kāṃī) (probably by analogy from Prakrit 𑀓𑀸𑀡𑀺𑀘𑀺 (kāṇici, n. pl. nom.))

Gujarati: કોઈ (koī)


कीदृश

head

कीदृश • (kīdṛśa)

Pali: kīdisa, kīrisa

desctree

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀻𑀇𑀲 (kīisa), 𑀓𑀻𑀲 (kīsa)
Central:
Hindustani: kaisā
Hindi: कैसा
Urdu: کیسا
Central:
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀓𑀻𑀇𑀲 (kīisa)
Hindustani: kaisā
Hindi: कैसा
Urdu: کیسا
Eastern:
Magadhi Prakrit:
Odia: କିସ (kisô)
Northwestern:
Paisaci Prakrit:
Punjabi: kihā, kihṛā
Gurmukhi script: ਕਿਹਾ, ਕਿਹੜਾ
Shahmukhi script: کِہا, کِہْڑا
Sindhi: kihaṛo
Arabic script: ڪِهَڙو
Devanagari script: किहड़ो
Southern:
Maharastri Prakrit:
Marathi: कसा (kasā)
Western:
Old Gujarati: किसिउ (kisiu)
Gujarati: કીસ (kīs)