gouge

en-noun

gouge (countable and uncountable, plural gouges)

From Middle English gouge (“chisel with concave blade; gouge”), from Old French gouge, goi (“gouge”), from Late Latin goia, gubia, gulbia (“chisel; piercer”), borrowed from Gaulish *gulbiā, from Proto-Celtic *gulbā, *gulbi, *gulbīnos (“beak, bill”). The English word is cognate with Italian gorbia, gubbia (“ferrule”), Old Breton golb, Old Irish gulba (“beak”), Portuguese goiva, Scottish Gaelic gilb (“chisel”), Spanish gubia (“chisel, gouge”), Welsh gylf (“beak; pointed instrument”), gylyf (“sickle”).
The verb is derived from the noun.

inh

The "steeple" was a little cupola, reared on the very centre of the roof, on four tall pillars of pine, that were fluted with a gouge, and loaded with mouldings.

1823, [James Fenimore Cooper], chapter VIII, in The Pioneers, or The Sources of the Susquehanna; […], volume I, New York, N.Y.: Charles Wiley; […], →OCLC, page 118:

The cutting [of letter blocks] is effected by chisels and gouges of the usual kinds, and is the work of a class of artizans called 'Wood letter Cutters,' or 'Wood-type Cutters.'

1842 January 22, “On Printing Posting-bills”, in The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, volume XI (New Series), number 626, London: Charles Knight & Co., →OCLC, page 30, column 2:

Now hollow out the inside of the boat with a gouge or gouges. ("Firmer" gouges, ground on the outside of the curve, are used. "Paring" gouges are useless.)

1922 August, H. Hambley Tregoning, “A Model 18-Footer Yacht, and How to Build and Sail Her”, in The Boy’s Own Paper, volume XLV, part 10, London: “Boy’s Own Paper” Office, […], →OCLC, page 697, column 1:

The six most common woodturning tools you should know about are: gouge, skew, parting tool, spear-point, round-nose, and flat-nose. The gouge is a hollow, round-nose chisel used to rough-cut blanks into cylinders and for making cove cuts. Gouges can be used for cutting or scraping.

1985 April, Rosario Capotosto, “Become a Woodturning Expert: Part One”, in John A. Linkletter, editor, Popular Mechanics, volume 162, number 4, New York, N.Y.: The Hearst Corporation, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 104, column 2:

A chisel with a curved blade for cutting or scooping channels, grooves, or holes in wood, stone, etc.

In plate II. are design for two backs of books. The first figure, which presents an appearance of exceeding richness, is executed with one sole tool, viz. No. 10, and a small gouge for the sides of the lettering-piece.

1835, John Andrews Arnett [pseudonym; John Hannett], “Combination of Tools”, in Bibliopegia; or, The Art of Bookbinding, in All Its Branches. […], London: Richard Groombridge; Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd; Dublin: W. F. Wakeman; New York, N.Y.: W. Jackson, →OCLC, part II (Of Finishing), page 128:

A bookbinder's tool with a curved face, used for blind tooling or gilding.

Gouge. […] A shaped incising-tool used for cutting out forms or blanks for gloves, envelopes, or other objects cut to a shape from fabric, leather, or paper.

[1875, Edward H[enry] Knight, “Gouge”, in Knight’s American Mechanical Dictionary: […], volumes II (Ena–Pan), New York, N.Y.: J. B. Ford and Company, →OCLC, page 997, column 1:

An incising tool that cuts blanks or forms for envelopes, gloves, etc., from leather, paper, or other materials.


gouge

Inherited from Old French gouge, from Latin gulbia (Late Latin gubia), of Gaulish or Basque origins.


jigger

→ Catalan: gigre

From jig + -er (agent suffix). Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary suggests a possible link to Old High German gīga (“fiddle”).

Hand jiggers consisted of two iron frames with a spindle in each - the driving spindle with its iron belt pulley approximately 20 inches in diameter and the driven spindle with a small wooden pulley.

(pottery) A horizontal lathe used in producing flatware.

(golf, dated) A golf club used to play low flying shots to the putting green from short distances.


laster

A tool for stretching leather on a last.


lister

Alternative form of leister (“fish spear”).


lister

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-lister.wav

A good program lister is helpful here, since many language processors allow multi-statement lines. For BASIC, FORTRAN, PASCAL, and similar languages, the lister can split multi-statement lines, ensure there are blanks between keywords […]

1984, John C. Nash, Effective scientific problem solving with small computers, page 113:

One who, or that which, lists or produces a listing.

A person or organisation that creates or maintains lists.

(birdwatching) A birdwatcher who keeps track of birds using different checklists.


lister

Compare list (“a strip, border”), probably applied to the furrow or the ridge of earth along the furrow.

A double-mouldboard plough that throws a deep furrow and at the same time plants and covers grain in the bottom of the furrow.


punter

ca-adj

punter (feminine puntera, masculine plural punters, feminine plural punteres)

puntera (feminine)
punters (masculine plural)
punteres (feminine plural)


railer

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-railer.wav

Thus ſay the common People that knovv him, A Saint abroad, and a Devil at home: His poor Family finds it ſo, he is ſuch a churl, ſuch a railer at, and ſo unreaſonable vvith his Servants, that they neither knovv hovv to do for, or ſpeak to him.

1678, John Bunyan, The Pilgrim’s Progress from This World, to That which is to Come: […], London: […] Nath[aniel] Ponder […], →OCLC, pages 106–107:


rimer

A tool for shaping the rimes of a ladder.


tusker

tuskers (plural)
tuskar (alternative)
toysker (alternative)
tushkar (alternative)
tushker (alternative)
twiscar (alternative)

From Old Norse torfskeri, from torf (“turf”) + skera (“to cut”), whence also Scottish Gaelic tairsgear, toirsgear and later forms like toirsgein (assimilated to sgian (“knife”)). Known in print from the early 19th century, but doubtless much older.

(UK, especially Scotland, Orkney, Shetland) A tool used in peat cutting, a type of spade similar to a cascrom.


dolly

Welsh: doli

From doll + -y, from the given name Dorothy, originally applied either to a woman or female pet or to a children's toy, and expanded to refer to various types of contrivances or devices. The Online Etymology Dictionary, while considering the reason for applying it to such devices unobvious, compares how the names jack, jenny and jimmy are also applied to devices.

rattaat

term not specific to bridge construction

The dolly tub or rinsing bucket, fig. 630., has an upright shaft which bears the vane or dolly a b, turned by the winch handle.

1840, Andrew Ure, A Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines, page 751:

A device turned on a vertical axis by a handle or a winch, giving a circular motion to ore being washed.

A, is the steam or air cylinder for forcing the dolly B, hard against the rivet head while rivetting: when used for making rivets the dolly B, is unshipped, and the rivet heading apparatus substituted.

1864, William Newton, “To Andrew Shanks, of Robert-street, Adelphi, for an improved rivetting machine”, in Newton's London Journal of Arts, page 279:

A tool with an indented head for shaping the head of a rivet.


hake

hâke (canonical)
hāke (canonical masculine)
haec (alternative)

desctree

Dutch: haak
Afrikaans: haak
Berbice Creole Dutch: haki
Negerhollands: huk
→ Indonesian: hak
→ Papiamentu: hak, haak
→ Sranan Tongo: aka
→ Caribbean Javanese: akah

Limburgish: haok

From Old Dutch *hāko, *hako, from Proto-West Germanic *hākō, *hakō, from Proto-Germanic *hēkô, *hakô.
Limburgish ao requires West Germanic long ā (Middle Dutch â, as also universally in High German). However, Westphalian Haken requires West Germanic short a and suggests that the latter may also have co-existed in Dutch.


ladder

Bislama: lada

Pijin: lada

From Middle English ladder, laddre, from Old English hlǣder, from Proto-West Germanic *hlaidriju, from Proto-Germanic *hlaidrijō, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlóydʰrom, from *ḱley- (“to lean”).
Compare Scots ledder, North Frisian ladder, Saterland Frisian Laadere, West Frisian ljedder, Dutch ladder, leer, German Leiter); also Old Irish clithar (“hedge”), Umbrian 𐌊𐌋𐌄𐌈𐌓𐌀𐌌 (kleθram, “stretcher”)). See lean, which is related to lid.
Further cognates include Ashkun istrī, Kamkata-viri c̣ik, Prasuni čik, čix, Waigali c̣iř, Sanskrit श्रिति (śrití).

The form of a man was seen to enter, and both the females rushed up the ladder, as if equally afraid of the consequences. The stranger secured the door, and first examining the lower room with great care, he cautiously ascended the ladder.

1851, J[ames] Fenimore Cooper, “Chapter XXIII”, in The Pathfinder; or, The Inland Sea … Complete in One Volume. Revised and Corrected, with a New Introduction, Notes, &c., by the Author (The Leather-stocking Tales; III), rev. edition, New York, N.Y.: George P[almer] Putnam, 155 Broadway, →OCLC, page 411:

Ladders are heavy and unwieldy. Handle them properly to avoid damaging property and to make sure you don't injure yourself. Carry a ladder upright, not slung across your shoulder. Hold the ladder vertically, bend your knees slightly, then rock the ladder back against your shoulder. Grip one rung lower down while you support the ladder at head height with your other hand, and then straighten your knees.

2009, Albert Jackson, David Day, Popular Mechanics Complete Home How-To, rev. edition, New York, N.Y.: Hearst Books, Sterling Publishing Company, Inc., →ISBN, page 31:

And why wouldn't I just turn around, not take a chance on the bad luck of walking under a ladder? Because, beyond it, there was Pluckie. My little dog was leashed to a bush, lunging and barking. If the leash came loose, her lunge could send her tumbling down the mountainside.

2014, Linda O. Johnston, Lost under a Ladder, Woodbury, Minn.: Midnight Ink, Llewellyn Worldwide, →ISBN:

A frame, usually portable, of wood, metal, or rope, used for ascent and descent, consisting of two side pieces to which are fastened rungs (cross strips or rounds acting as steps).

The most dramatic introduction to the idea of how stones relate to each other over distance is how players react when a ladder (shicho, "she-ko"^([sic]) in Japanese) [シチョウ (shichō)] develops. […] Ouch! This is finding out about the ladder, which is called that because of the steplike shape that the defending stones are forced into.

2003, Peter Shotwell, Go! More Than a Game, Boston, Mass.: Tuttle Publishing, →ISBN:

(go) A sequence of moves following a zigzag pattern and ultimately leading to the capture of the attacked stones.


ladder

en-verb

ladder (third-person singular simple present ladders, present participle laddering, simple past and past participle laddered)

ladders (present singular third-person)
laddering (participle present)
laddered (participle past)
laddered (past)
ledder (alternative)

For eighteen minutes Revenge pounded the dockyard area at an average range of 15,700 yards, spreading for line and laddering for range to a prearranged plan to cover the whole target area.

2007, Peter Smith, Naval Warfare in the English Channel: 1939-1945, page 134:

Laddering made it possible to get a few hits on a fast-moving, often manoeuvring, target.

2014, Norman Friedman, Naval Anti-Aircraft Guns & Gunnery:

(UK, naval slang) To close in on a target with successive salvos, increasing or decreasing the shot range as necessary.

offences to be taken into consideration
offence to be taken into consideration

(UK, law enforcement, of a police officer) To corruptly coerce a convicted offender to admit to offences to be taken into consideration which they do not actually believe they committed, as a way to artificially increase the rate of solved crimes.


lap

lap (third-person singular simple present laps, present participle lapping, simple past and past participle lapped or (archaic) lapt)

laps (present singular third-person)
lapping (participle present)
lapped (participle past)
lapped (past)
lapt (archaic participle past)
lapt (archaic past)

From Middle English lappen (“to fold, wrap”) from earlier wlappen (“to fold, wrap”), from Old English *wlappan, *wlæppan, *wlappian (“to wrap”), from Proto-Germanic *wlapp-, *wrapp- (“to wrap, fold, roll up, turn”), from Proto-Indo-European *werb- (“to bend, turn”).
Cognate with Middle Dutch lappen (“to wrap up, embrace”), dialectal Danish vravle (“to wind”), Old Italian goluppare (“to wrap, fold up”) (from Germanic). Doublet of wrap. Also related to envelop, develop.
The sense of "to get a lap ahead (of someone) on a track" is from 1847, on notion of "overlapping." The noun meaning "a turn around a track" (1861) is from this sense.

cog

to lap a bandage around a finger

About the paper […] I lapped several times a slender thread of very black silk.

1704, I[saac] N[ewton], “(please specify |book=1 to 3)”, in Opticks: Or, A Treatise of the Reflexions, Refractions, Inflexions and Colours of Light. […], London: […] Sam[uel] Smith, and Benj[amin] Walford, printers to the Royal Society, […], →OCLC:

(transitive) to wrap around, enwrap, wrap up


lap

en:piece of soft metal charged with polishing compound

A piece of brass, lead, or other soft metal, used to hold a cutting or polishing powder in cutting glass, gems, etc. or in polishing cutlery or in toolmaking. It is usually in the form of a wheel or disk that revolves on a vertical axis.


lest

lest m (definite singular lesten, indefinite plural lestar, definite plural lestane)

lesten (definite singular)
lestar (indefinite plural)
lestane (definite plural)
leist (alternative)

From Old Norse leistr m, from Proto-Germanic *laistaz m (“track, trace; footprint”), from Proto-Indo-European *lóystos, from the root *leys- (“to trace, track”). Akin to English last, Swedish läst, and German Leisten.

inh

a last (a tool in the shape of a human foot, for shaping or preserving the shape of shoes)


pry

The noun is probably a back-formation from prise, prize (“tool for levering, lever”), construed as the plural of pry.
The verb is either derived from the noun, or is a back-formation from prise (“to force open with a lever”), construed as pries, the third-person singular present form of pry.

back-formation

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-pry.wav

(East Anglia, US) A tool for levering; a crowbar, a lever.


rive

nb-noun-c

rive f or m (definite singular riva or riven, indefinite plural river, definite plural rivene)

riva (definite singular)
riven (definite singular)
river (indefinite plural)
rivene (definite plural)


rive

head

rive (imperative riv, present tense river, passive rives, simple past rev or reiv, past participle revet, present participle rivende)

riv (imperative)
river (present)
rives (passive)
rev (past)
reiv (past)
revet (participle past)
rivende (participle present)


rive

rive f (definite singular riva, indefinite plural river, definite plural rivene)

riva (definite singular)
river (indefinite plural)
rivene (definite plural)


rive

rive (present tense riv, past tense reiv, supine rive, past participle riven, present participle rivande, imperative riv)

riv (present)
reiv (past)
rive (supine)
riven (participle past)
rivande (participle present)
riv (imperative)


sag

nb-noun-c

sag f or m (definite singular saga or sagen, indefinite plural sager, definite plural sagene)

saga (definite singular)
sagen (definite singular)
sager (indefinite plural)
sagene (definite plural)

From Old Norse sǫg, from Proto-Germanic *sagō, from Proto-Indo-European *sek- (“to cut”).


sag

sag f (definite singular saga, indefinite plural sager, definite plural sagene)

saga (definite singular)
sager (indefinite plural)
sagene (definite plural)


scraper

ҡырғыс

an instrument by which anything is scraped

An instrument with which anything is scraped.


scythe

scythes (plural)
sithe (alternative)
sythe (alternative)
zive (alternative)

From Middle English sythe, sithe, from Old English sīþe, sīgþe, sigdi (“sickle”), from Proto-West Germanic *sigiþi, from Proto-Germanic *sigiþiz, *sigiþō, derived from *seg- (“saw”), from Proto-Indo-European *sek- (“to cut”).
Immediate Germanic cognates include Middle Low German sēgede, Dutch zicht, Icelandic sigð (all “sickle”). More distantly related with Dutch zeis, German Sense (both “scythe”). Also akin to English saw, which see.
The silent c crept in during the early 15th century owing to pseudoetymological association with Medieval Latin scissor (“tailor, carver”), from Latin scindere (“to cut, rend, split”).
The verb, which was first used in the intransitive sense, is from the noun.

noncog

(historical) A scythe-shaped blade attached to ancient war chariots.


scythe

en-verb

scythe (third-person singular simple present scythes, present participle scything, simple past and past participle scythed)

scythes (present singular third-person)
scything (participle present)
scythed (participle past)
scythed (past)
sithe (alternative)
sythe (alternative)
zive (alternative)

(transitive) To cut off as with a scythe; to mow.

The boy began to keen, and the high-pitched noise scythed through Song's head.

2011, Catherine Sampson, The Pool of Unease:

The smaller shells make a complete slaughterhouse of the bridge, and the splinters scythe through anyone out on deck.

2019 February 27, Drachinifel, 20:09 from the start, in The Battle of Samar - Odds? What are those?, archived from the original on 2022-11-03:

(intransitive, figurative, often with through) To attack or injure as if cutting.


shaver

From Middle English schaver; equivalent to shave + -er.
In its meaning of a boy, lad, recorded since 1592, the word shaver has also been postulated to derive from Romani chavo (“young man”), which also gives us the modern slang chav, ultimately derived from Sanskrit छा (chā, “young animal”).

A tool or machine for shaving; an electric razor.


slag

slagok (plural)
slag (nominative singular)
slagok (nominative plural)
slagot (accusative singular)
slagokat (accusative plural)
slagnak (dative singular)
slagoknak (dative plural)
slaggal (instrumental singular)
slagokkal (instrumental plural)
slagért (causal-final singular)
slagokért (causal-final plural)
slaggá (singular translative)
slagokká (plural translative)
slagig (singular terminative)
slagokig (plural terminative)
slagként (essive-formal singular)
slagokként (essive-formal plural)
slagban (inessive singular)
slagokban (inessive plural)
slagon (singular superessive)
slagokon (plural superessive)
slagnál (adessive singular)
slagoknál (adessive plural)
slagba (illative singular)
slagokba (illative plural)
slagra (singular sublative)
slagokra (plural sublative)
slaghoz (allative singular)
slagokhoz (allative plural)
slagból (elative singular)
slagokból (elative plural)
slagról (delative singular)
slagokról (delative plural)
slagtól (ablative singular)
slagoktól (ablative plural)
slagé (singular)
slagoké (plural)
slagéi (singular)
slagokéi (plural)
slagom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
slagjaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
slagod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
slagjaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
slagja (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
slagjai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
slagunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
slagjaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
slagotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
slagjaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
slagjuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
slagjaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
slág (alternative)
slaug (alternative)

Borrowed from German Schlauch, from Middle High German slūch (“slough, skin shed by a snake”). Compare Serbo-Croatian šlȁuh /шла̏ух (“hose”). First attested in 1938.

cog

šlȁuh//шла̏ух

hose, tube (a flexible tube conveying water or other fluid)


vile

vȉle (canonical feminine)
ви̏ле (Cyrillic)
vile (nominative plural)
vila (genitive plural)
vilama (dative plural)
vile (accusative plural)
vile (plural vocative)
vilama (locative plural)
vilama (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vidla (Russian ви́лы (víly), Czech vidle).


vile

víle (canonical feminine plural)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
víle (nominative plural)
víl (genitive plural)
vílam (dative plural)
víle (accusative plural)
vílah (locative plural)
vílami (instrumental plural)


tang

nb-noun-c

tang f or m (definite singular tanga or tangen, indefinite plural tenger, definite plural tengene)

tanga (definite singular)
tangen (definite singular)
tenger (indefinite plural)
tengene (definite plural)


tang

nb-noun-irreg

tang m or n (definite singular tangen or tanget, uncountable)

tangen (definite singular)
tanget (definite singular)

From Old Norse þang, compare Swedish tång, Danish tang, Norwegian Nynorsk tang.


tang

tang (nominative singular)
tanga (nominative plural)
tange (nominative plural)
tange (accusative singular)
tanga (accusative plural)
tange (accusative plural)
tange (genitive singular)
tanga (genitive plural)
tange (dative singular)
tangum (dative plural)
tange (alternative)

From Proto-West Germanic *tangu, from Proto-Germanic *tangō, from Proto-Indo-European *denḱ- (“to bite”)


trowel

From Middle English trowell, trouel, truel, from Middle French truelle, from Late Latin truella, from Classical Latin trulla, the diminutive of trua (“ladle”). Doublet of trullo.

A mason’s tool, used in spreading and dressing mortar, and breaking bricks to shape them.

I need to dig a hole for these begonias; would you pass me that trowel?

A gardener’s tool, shaped like a scoop, used in taking up plants, stirring soil etc.


trowel

en-verb

trowel (third-person singular simple present trowels, present participle troweling or trowelling, simple past and past participle troweled or trowelled)

trowels (present singular third-person)
troweling (participle present)
trowelling (participle present)
troweled (participle past)
troweled (past)
trowelled (participle past)
trowelled (past)

Most finish coats are troweled smooth, but sometimes you will have to add cosmetic touches to make the patch match the surrounding plaster, texturing the surface randomly or uniformly with any of a variety of tools, ranging from sponges to special trowels.

1980, Robert M. Jones, editor, Walls and Ceilings, Time-Life Books, →ISBN, page 26:

(transitive) To pass over with a trowel.


macaco

pt-noun

macaco m (plural macacos, feminine macaca, feminine plural macacas)

macacos (plural)
macaca (feminine)
macacas (feminine plural)

→ Catalan: macaco

→ English: macaco

desctree

→ French: macaque
Haitian Creole: makak
→ Bulgarian: макак (makak)
→ English: macaque
→ German: Makake
→ Romanian: macac

→ Italian: macaco

→ Spanish: macaco

Unknown. Thought to have been borrowed from a Bantu language. Bantu maka, "cat", comes from -mañga (an old East African Bantu word for the sea-coast, often applied to any strange or foreign product). But it seems unlikely that the Bantu would have used such a word to denote familiar animals like apes and monkeys. However, none of the many Bantu words for apes and monkeys resembles "macaco". Other suggested derivations include:
* from Kongo makaku (“monkeys”)
* from a language of Madagascar (compare macaco, macauco, maucaco (“any of several lemurs”), perhaps related to maky);
* from Kari'na macaca (“simian”), though it may have been loaned into Galibi from a language of African slaves;
* from dialectal French macao (“cat; monkey; long-tailed monkey”), allegedly used in Normandy and Berry.
* from Spanish muchacho;
* from Macau + -aco.

der

(derogatory) ape; savage (an uncivilised or unruly person)


macaco

→ Hunsrik: Makack

→ Saramaccan: makáku

jack (device for raising and supporting a heavy object)


pitchfork

/ˈpɪt͡ʃˌfɔɹk/

From Middle English pichfork, pycchefork, pychforke, pikeforke, pikkforke, pic-forcke, equivalent to pitch + fork.

(casual, loosely) Any fork used for farm labor, even a digging fork (but such usage is often considered ignorant by experienced farmers).


lighter

→ Bengali: লাইটার (laiṭar)

→ Danish: lighter

→ Hindi: लाइटर (lāiṭar)

→ Japanese: ライター (raitā)

→ Korean: 라이터 (raiteo)

→ Norwegian:

→ Norwegian Bokmål: lighter

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: lighter

→ Pashto: لایټر (lāyṭar) (neologism)

→ Persian: لایْتَر (lāytar) (Dari)

→ Urdu: لائِٹَر (lāiṭar)

From light (“to ignite”) + -er. Cognate with Middle Dutch lichtere, lichter (“one who spreads light, illuminator”), Dutch lichter, luchter (“candle-holder, chandelier”). Compare also Middle English lightnere, liȝtnere (“one who enlightens or illuminates”).

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-lighter.wav

Cigarette in mouth, he clutched his pockets in search of a lighter.

A device used to light things, especially a reusable handheld device for creating fire to light cigarettes.


pil

head

pil (definite accusative pili, plural piller)

pili (accusative definite)
piller (plural)
pil (nominative singular)
piller (nominative plural)
pili (accusative singular)
pilleri (accusative plural)
piliň (genitive singular)
pilleriň (genitive plural)
pile (dative singular)
pillere (dative plural)
pilde (locative singular)
pillerde (locative plural)
pilden (ablative singular)
pillerden (ablative plural)
bel (alternative archaic dialectal)
пил (alternative)
бел (alternative)
بیل (alternative)


making-iron

(nautical) A tool somewhat like a chisel with a groove in it, used by caulkers of ships to finish the seams after the oakum has been driven in.


branding iron

A piece of metal bent into a distinctive shape, heated and used to brand livestock.


kuka

kȕka (canonical feminine)
ку̏ка (Cyrillic)
kȕka (nominative singular)
kȕke (nominative plural)
kuke (genitive singular)
kȗkā (genitive plural)
kuki (dative singular)
kukama (dative plural)
kuku (accusative singular)
kuke (accusative plural)
kuko (singular vocative)
kuke (plural vocative)
kuki (locative singular)
kukama (locative plural)
kukom (instrumental singular)
kukama (instrumental plural)

Mediterranean slipper lobster (Scyllarides latus)


ripper

(mining) A hook-like tool used to tear away ore, rock, etc.

(agriculture) A tool or plant used to reduce soil compaction.

(US, New Jersey, slang) A hot dog deep-fried in oil until the casing bursts.


منظار

ar-noun

مِنْظَار • (minẓār) m (plural مَنَاظِير (manāẓīr))

مِنْظَار (canonical)
minẓār (romanization)
مَنَاظِير (plural)
مِنْظَار (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْمِنْظَار (definite informal singular triptote)
مِنْظَار (construct informal singular triptote)
مِنْظَارٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْمِنْظَارُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
مِنْظَارُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
مِنْظَارًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْمِنْظَارَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
مِنْظَارَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
مِنْظَارٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْمِنْظَارِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
مِنْظَارِ (construct genitive singular triptote)
مِنْظَارَيْن (dual indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْمِنْظَارَيْن (definite dual informal singular triptote)
مِنْظَارَيْ (construct dual informal singular triptote)
مِنْظَارَانِ (dual indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْمِنْظَارَانِ (definite dual nominative singular triptote)
مِنْظَارَا (construct dual nominative singular triptote)
مِنْظَارَيْنِ (accusative dual indefinite singular triptote)
الْمِنْظَارَيْنِ (accusative definite dual singular triptote)
مِنْظَارَيْ (accusative construct dual singular triptote)
مِنْظَارَيْنِ (dual genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْمِنْظَارَيْنِ (definite dual genitive singular triptote)
مِنْظَارَيْ (construct dual genitive singular triptote)
مَنَاظِير (broken-form diptote indefinite informal plural)
الْمَنَاظِير (broken-form definite diptote informal plural)
مَنَاظِير (broken-form construct diptote informal plural)
مَنَاظِيرُ (broken-form diptote indefinite nominative plural)
الْمَنَاظِيرُ (broken-form definite diptote nominative plural)
مَنَاظِيرُ (broken-form construct diptote nominative plural)
مَنَاظِيرَ (accusative broken-form diptote indefinite plural)
الْمَنَاظِيرَ (accusative broken-form definite diptote plural)
مَنَاظِيرَ (accusative broken-form construct diptote plural)
مَنَاظِيرَ (broken-form diptote genitive indefinite plural)
الْمَنَاظِيرِ (broken-form definite diptote genitive plural)
مَنَاظِيرِ (broken-form construct diptote genitive plural)

Tool noun derived from the verb نَظَرَ (naẓara, “to see”).

magnifying glass, telescope or other -scope, monocular as well as binoculars


besom

en-verb

besom (third-person singular simple present besoms, present participle besoming, simple past and past participle besomed)

besoms (present singular third-person)
besoming (participle present)
besomed (participle past)
besomed (past)
beesom (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English besme, beseme, from Old English besma, besema (“besom, broom, rod”), from Proto-West Germanic *besmō (“broom”).

Now, in her iceberg-white, holily laundered crinoline nightgown, under virtuous polar sheets, in her spruced and scoured dust-defying bedroom in trig and trim Bay View, a house for paying guests at the top of the town, Mrs Ogmore-Prichard widow, twice, of Mr Ogmore, linolium, retired, and Mr Prichard, failed bookmaker, who maddened by besoming, swabbing and scrubbing, the voice of the vacuum-cleaner and the fume of polish, ironically swallowed disinfectant...

1954, Dylan Thomas, Under Milk Wood […] , New York: New Directions, page 13:


chisel

From Middle English chisel, chesel, from Old Northern French chisel, cisel, from cisoir (with a change in suffix), from Late Latin cīsōrium (“cutting tool”), from Latin caedō (“cut”). Doublet of scissors.

A cutting tool used to remove parts of stone, wood or metal by pushing or pounding the back when the sharp edge is against the material. It consists of a slim, oblong block of metal with a sharp wedge or bevel formed on one end and sometimes a handle at the other end; there are hand tool versions (the original type) and versions as bits for power tools.

beitel

tool consisting of a slim oblong block of metal


winch

Tok Pisin: winis

→ Arabic: وِنْش (winš)

→ Japanese: ウインチ (uinchi)

→ Korean: 원치 (wonchi)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: vinsj

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: vinsj

→ Serbo-Croatian: vȉnč

→ Swahili: winchi

→ Swedish: vinsch

→ Ottoman Turkish: وینچ (vinç)

Turkish: vinç

From Middle English wynche, from Old English winċe, from Proto-Germanic *winkijǭ, ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European *weng- (“to bow, bend, arch, curve”), whence also wink.

der

mechanical advantage
mechanical advantage

A machine consisting of a drum on an axle, a friction brake or ratchet and pawl, and a crank handle or prime mover (often an electric or hydraulic motor), with or without gearing, to give increased mechanical advantage when hoisting or hauling on a rope or cable.

It runs on clattering steel tracks; the driver sits in a cab over the tracks, operating the controls that rotate the arm and turn the winch.

2013, J. M. Coetzee, chapter 27, in The Childhood of Jesus, Melbourne, Australia: The Text Publishing Company, page 267:

(nautical) A hoisting device used for loading or unloading cargo, or for pulling in lines.

A wince (machine used in dyeing or steeping cloth).


winch

en-verb

winch (third-person singular simple present winches, present participle winching, simple past and past participle winched)

winches (present singular third-person)
winching (participle present)
winched (participle past)
winched (past)

It is not the first time a cat-o'-nine-tails has been across my back for other men's misdeeds. Promise me a good flask of brandy when I'm done with it, and I warrant ye I'll never winch.

1812, Joanna Baillie, The Dream, part Act 1:


winch

She turned and looked at me, amused, gave a wee chuckle, kissed me on the mouth hard and quick, and again, and we were kissing for real, lingering, soft and moist and warm, me and Jeannie winching, and I wanted it not to stop.

Up at the cinema Campbell Cameron had been all slithering hands, like a dirty octopus. Even his tenderest winching had felt entitled and demanding.

2020, Douglas Stuart, Shuggie Bain, page 58:

(Scotland, colloquial, ambitransitive) to kiss, snog


hickey

hickeys (plural)
hicky (alternative)
hickie (alternative)

A tool for making smooth, semicircular bends in conduit and pipe.


相槌

ja-noun

相(あい)槌(づち) • (aizuchi) ^(←あひづち (afiduti)?)

相槌 (canonical)
aizuchi (romanization)
afiduti (romanization)
あひづち (hiragana historical)

→ English: aizuchi

From あい (ai-, “mutual, together”) + 槌(つち) (tsuchi, “hammer”). The tsuchi changes to zuchi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

(construction) a large hammer used to drive a ridgepole, beam, or other large member


zappa

→ Greek: τσάπα (tsápa)

→? Albanian: capë

an agricultural implement, such as a hoe


savik

saviit (plural)
savik (absolutive singular)
saviit (absolutive plural)
saviup (ergative singular)
saviit (ergative plural)
savimmut (allative singular)
savinnut (allative plural)
savimmit (ablative singular)
savinnit (ablative plural)
savikkut (prolative singular)
savitsigut (plural prolative)
savimmi (locative singular)
savinni (locative plural)
savimmik (instrumental singular)
savinnik (instrumental plural)
savittut (equative)

From Proto-Inuit *caviɣ (“knife, iron”), from Proto-Eskimo *caviɣ (“knife, metal”).


sickle

From Middle English sikel (also assibilated in sichel), from Old English sicol, siċel, from Proto-West Germanic *sikilu, itself borrowed from Latin sēcula (“sickle”) or sīcīlis (“sickle”). Cognate with Dutch sikkel, German Sichel. Remotely related with English scythe and saw.

(agriculture) An implement having a semicircular blade and short handle, used for cutting long grass and cereal crops.


shank

From Middle English schanke, from Old English sċanca (“leg”), from Proto-West Germanic *skankō, from Proto-Germanic *skankô (compare West Frisian skonk, Dutch schenkel, Low German Schanke, German Schenkel (“shank, leg”), Danish skank, Norwegian skank, Swedish skänkel), from *skankaz (compare Old Norse skakkr (“wry, crooked”)), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)keng- (compare Middle Irish scingim (“I spring”), Ancient Greek σκάζω (skázō, “to limp”).

Flat-nosed pliers, used by opticians for nipping off the edges of pieces of glass to make them round.


shank

en-verb

shank (third-person singular simple present shanks, present participle shanking, simple past and past participle shanked)

shanks (present singular third-person)
shanking (participle present)
shanked (participle past)
shanked (past)

the gerrnens of these swelled, and on four out of the six I have now got fine pods, above 1% inch in length, with the seeds externally visible; whereas the flower stalks of the many other flowers all shanked off.

1861, Charles Darwin, Cause of the variation of flowers:

(intransitive) To fall off, as a leaf, flower, or capsule, on account of disease affecting the supporting footstalk; usually followed by off.


crimper

From crimp + -er (agent noun suffix) or, for the climbing hold, + -er (patient suffix).

A tool used to crimp, to join two pieces of metal.


babka

babeczka (diminutive)
babka (nominative singular)
babki (nominative plural)
babki (genitive singular)
babek (genitive plural)
babce (dative singular)
babkom (dative plural)
babkę (accusative singular)
babki (accusative plural)
babką (instrumental singular)
babkami (instrumental plural)
babce (locative singular)
babkach (locative plural)
babko (singular vocative)
babki (plural vocative)
bábka (alternative)

Inherited from Old Polish babka. By surface analysis, baba + -ka.

(obsolete, forging) stone used to close a blast furnace acting as a furnace door


paddy

Krio: pàdí

You know what I like best about paddy chicks? They give good head. Black broads don’t know nothing about giving head. I don’t know why. Might be it has something to do with some ancient tribal custom.

2000, Requiem For a Dream, spoken by Big Tim (Keith David):

(African-American Vernacular, slang) A white person.


scuffle

Possibly of North Germanic/Scandinavian origin; compare Swedish skuff (“a push”) and skuffa (“to push”), from the Proto-Germanic base *skuf- (skuƀ), from Proto-Indo-European *skewbʰ-, see also Lithuanian skùbti (“to hurry”), Polish skubać (“to pluck”), Albanian humb (“to lose”).

But even on the scuffle / The cleaner's press was in my jeans

1975, Joni Mitchell, “The Boho Dance”, in The Hissing of Summer Lawns:


scuffle

scuffle (third-person singular simple present scuffles, present participle scuffling, simple past and past participle scuffled)

scuffles (present singular third-person)
scuffling (participle present)
scuffled (participle past)
scuffled (past)

Certainly a gallant man had rather fight to great diſadvantages for number and place in the field in an orderly way, then ſcuffle with an undiſciplined rabble.

1648, attributed to Charles I of England, Εἰκὼν Βασιλική [Eikōn Basilikē = Royal Portrait]. The Pourtraicture of His Sacred Maiestie, in His Solitvdes and Svfferings, [London?]: [s.n.], →OCLC, page 15:

(intransitive) To fight or struggle confusedly at close quarters.

meuleukek

to fight or struggle confusedly at close quarters

ā-āp-í

to fight or struggle confusedly typically to obtain someone's possession

But shiftings and readjustments ensued, as they are sure to do with a walking-party. Cope presently found himself scuffling through the thin grass and the briery thickets alongside the young business-man.

1919, Henry B[lake] Fuller, “Cope at His House Party”, in Bertram Cope’s Year: A Novel, Chicago, Ill.: Ralph Fletcher Seymour, The Alderbrink Press, →OCLC, page 94:

(intransitive) To walk with a shuffling gait.

Once a good friend of mine, a fine hoofer who was having trouble getting bookings, ran up to that tree, gave it a big smack, and yelled “Lawd please make me a pimp, any kind of a pimp, long as I’m pimpin’. I’m tired of scufflin’ and my feet are too long outa work.”

1946, Milton “Mezz” Mezzrow, Bernard Wolfe, “Tell a Green Man Something”, in Really the Blues, New York, N.Y.: Random House, book 3 (1928–1935: The Big Apple), page 208:

(slang) To make a living with difficulty, getting by on a low income, to struggle financially.


scuffle

The noun is a borrowing from the Dutch noun, Dutch schoffel; the English verb arose via subsequent verbification within English but is also parallel with the Dutch verb, schoffelen.

Near-synonyms: collinear hoe, collineal hoe (loosely synonymous)

A type of hoe, manipulated by both pushing and pulling, with a sharp blade parallel with the worked surface; an instance of this type.


scuffle

Near-synonyms: (sometimes synonymous) scarify, cultivate, grub; weed

en:work the soil surface for weeding, etc

(agriculture) To work the soil surface for weeding, etc.


daltă

dălți (plural)
daltă (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
dalta (accusative definite nominative singular)
dălți (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
dălțile (accusative definite nominative plural)
dălți (indefinite singular)
dălții (definite singular)
dălți (indefinite plural)
dălților (definite plural)
daltă (singular vocative)
dalto (singular vocative)
dălților (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic длато (dlato), from Proto-Slavic *dolto, or alternatively possibly from Albanian daltë.


grapă

grape (plural)
grapă (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
grapa (accusative definite nominative singular)
grape (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
grapele (accusative definite nominative plural)
grape (indefinite singular)
grapei (definite singular)
grape (indefinite plural)
grapelor (definite plural)
grapă (singular vocative)
grapo (singular vocative)
grapelor (plural vocative)

Origin disputed. Possibly from Bulgarian грапа (grapa), through an Albanian intermediary grep.


gresie

gresii (plural)
gresie (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
gresia (accusative definite nominative singular)
gresii (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
gresiile (accusative definite nominative plural)
gresii (indefinite singular)
gresiei (definite singular)
gresii (indefinite plural)
gresiilor (definite plural)
gresie (singular vocative)
gresio (singular vocative)
gresiilor (plural vocative)

Uncertain; possibly a substratum word, akin to Albanian grihë, or derived from Albanian gërresë (“potter's instrument for leveling”). Alternatively, from a Slavic *kresь or *gresь; compare Serbo-Croatian kresalo, kresivo (“flint, tinderbox”), kresati (“light with flint”), kresiti (“set off sparks”).


mătură

mături (plural)
mătură (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
mătura (accusative definite nominative singular)
mături (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
măturile (accusative definite nominative plural)
mături (indefinite singular)
măturii (definite singular)
mături (indefinite plural)
măturilor (definite plural)
mătură (singular vocative)
măturo (singular vocative)
măturilor (plural vocative)
mătoră (alternative obsolete regional)
mătără (alternative obsolete regional)

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *metula, see which for more. Compare Albanian nétull.


pală

pale (plural)
pală (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
pala (accusative definite nominative singular)
pale (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
palele (accusative definite nominative plural)
pale (indefinite singular)
palei (definite singular)
pale (indefinite plural)
palelor (definite plural)
pală (singular vocative)
palo (singular vocative)
palelor (plural vocative)


tweaker

From tweak + -er; the drug addict sense derives from the slang term tweak for methamphetamines, in reference to the punding behavior of addicts.

A tool, especially a screwdriver, for making small adjustments.


paintbrush

畫筆 /画笔

generally smaller, for artistic purposes

油漆刷

generally larger, for commercial purposes


cramp

en-verb

cramp (third-person singular simple present cramps, present participle cramping, simple past and past participle cramped)

cramps (present singular third-person)
cramping (participle present)
cramped (participle past)
cramped (past)

From Middle English crampe, from Old French crampe (“cramp”), from Frankish *krampa (“cramp”), from Proto-West Germanic *krampu, from Proto-Germanic *krampō (“cramp, clasp”). Distant relative of English crop.

The collar of the tunic scratched my neck, the steel helmet made my head ache, and the puttees cramped my leg muscles.

1936, Heinrich Hauser, Once Your Enemy (translated from the German by Norman Gullick)

(transitive) To affect with cramps or spasms.

To fasten or hold with, or as if with, a cramp iron.

The […] fabric of universal justice is well cramped and bolted together in all its parts.

1780, Edmund Burke, Principles in Politics:

(by extension) To bind together; to unite.


cramp

en-adj

cramp (comparative more cramp, superlative most cramp)

more cramp (comparative)
most cramp (superlative)

[…] the result was those folio volumes of MSS. now in the British Museum, in which inquirers into the history of that period find so much interesting material in such a confused state and in such a dreadfully cramp handwriting.

1871, David Masson, The Life of John Milton:


bottle opener

bottle openers (plural)
bottle-opener (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-bottle opener.wav

A device used to remove the cap from a bottle.

A device used to remove the cork from a bottle.


atomizer

atomizer (nominative singular)
atomizery (nominative plural)
atomizera (genitive singular)
atomizerów (genitive plural)
atomizerowi (dative singular)
atomizerom (dative plural)
atomizer (accusative singular)
atomizery (accusative plural)
atomizerem (instrumental singular)
atomizerami (instrumental plural)
atomizerze (locative singular)
atomizerach (locative plural)
atomizerze (singular vocative)
atomizery (plural vocative)


monkey wrench

monkey wrenches (plural)
monkeywrench (alternative)
monkey-wrench (alternative)

Monkey wrench#Etymology and history
monkey wrench

Already in use, and not unfamiliar among mechanics, by 1832; see discussion and references at Monkey wrench § Etymology and history.

Did you ever stop to think whether or not you knew how a monkey wrench should be used?

With a monkey wrench on the hexagonal part of the stuffing box unscrew the stuffing box from the body of the faucet.

1948, George M. Warren, Simple Plumbing Repairs in the Home: Farmers' Bulletin, number 1460, page 2:

There were two monkey wrenches for that, sitting in a bucket. Lisa held one wrench and I applied the other and in a few minutes we had removed the motor head and set it on the ground.

2010, A. M. Murray, The Secret of the Serpent Mound, unnumbered page:

A wrench (spanner) with an adjustable jaw.


gill

A two-wheeled frame for transporting timber.


claw hammer

en-noun

claw hammer (countable and uncountable, plural claw hammers)

From claw + hammer, descriptive of the shape of the tool's head.

A hammer with two prongs protruding back from the head to allow for removing nails from wood.


sledgehammer

sledgehammers (plural)
sledge-hammer (alternative)

These were succeeded by anchor and chain-cable forges, where sledgehammers were dinging upon iron all day long.

1846 October 1 – 1848 April 1, Charles Dickens, Dombey and Son, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1848, →OCLC:

A hammer that consists of a large, heavy, broad and flat block of metal (the head) attached to a handle typically 0.5 meter to 1 meter long. The sledgehammer's design is meant to allow it to be swung powerfully, and to distribute force over a wide area upon impact.

ញញួរដំដែក

ñɔɔñɔñuə dɑm daek


flatter

From flat (“to make flat, flatten”) + -er (agent suffix).


tjuga

tjuga (indefinite nominative singular)
tjugas (genitive indefinite singular)
tjugan (definite nominative singular)
tjugans (definite genitive singular)
tjugor (indefinite nominative plural)
tjugors (genitive indefinite plural)
tjugorna (definite nominative plural)
tjugornas (definite genitive plural)

Old Swedish tiugha, tiuva; from Proto-Germanic *teuhaną (verb).

pitchfork (a large fork used e.g. to move large quantities of hay)


pestle

From Middle English pestel, pestell, from Old French pestel, from Latin pistillum, from pīnsō (“pound, beat”). Doublet of pistil and pistillum.

She then sat down by the fire, and carefully separated the stone from the pulp, which she burnt; and her next task was to extract the kernel, which she did by means of a heavy pestle and the hearth. The kernels were next crushed together, and placed to simmer over the furnace.

1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “The Laboratory”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 327:

A club-shaped, round-headed stick used in a mortar to pound, crush, rub or grind things.

alèe

instrument used with a mortar to grind things

אייבערשטע פֿון שטייסל n (eybershte fun shteysl, literally “top of mortar”)


ouvre-boîtes

ouvre-boîtes (plural)
ouvre-boîte (alternative)
ouvre-boite (alternative)


bradawl

‘I wish I wos behind him vith a bradawl,’ muttered the long one.

1836, Charles Dickens, The Pickwick Papers 36

For the first adjustment [to a door that keeps swinging open], you might need to remove the screws from the frame, move the hinge slightly, and then make new screw holes with a bradawl and reinsert the screws.

2016 January 30, Jeff Howell, “Swinging doors: it's not open and shut”, in The Daily Telegraph (Property), page 15:

An awl with a blade similar to a small, straight screwdriver; used for making holes, especially in wood to take screws.


martello

From Late Latin martellus, diminutive of martulus, variant of Latin marculus, diminutive of marcus, or from malleus (“hammer”). Compare Portguese martelo and Catalan martell.


thang

alternative medicine
alternative medicine

(alternative medicine) a prescribed dose of Chinese or Vietnamese medicine


walking stick

walking sticks (plural)
walking-stick (alternative)
walkingstick (alternative)

It was flood-tide along Fifth Avenue; motor, brougham, and victoria swept by on the glittering current; pretty women glanced out from limousine and tonneau; young men of his own type, silk-hatted, frock-coated, the crooks of their walking sticks tucked up under their left arms, passed on the Park side.

1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, “His Own People”, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC, page 6:

A tool, such as a cane, used to ease pressure on the legs, and to aid stability, when walking.


throe

froe

Synonym of froe (“a cleaving tool for splitting cask staves and shingles from a block of wood”).


ard

Borrowed from Norwegian ard (“plough”), from Old Norse arðr, from Proto-Germanic *arþrą (“plough”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂érh₃trom (“plough”), whence also Latin aratrum.

A simple plough consisting of a spike dragged through the soil.


wheelbarrow

en-verb

wheelbarrow (third-person singular simple present wheelbarrows, present participle wheelbarrowing, simple past and past participle wheelbarrowed)

wheelbarrows (present singular third-person)
wheelbarrowing (participle present)
wheelbarrowed (participle past)
wheelbarrowed (past)

/ˈʍiːl.bæɹ.əʊ/

General American, Mary–marry–merry merger

From Middle English whelbarwe; equivalent to wheel + barrow.

(transitive, aviation) To cause the weight of an aeroplane to become concentrated around the nosewheel.


whetstone

[ˈʍɛʔˌstoʊn]

From Middle English whestone, whetston, whetesston, from Old English hwetstān, from Proto-West Germanic *hwattjastain (“whetstone”). Equivalent to whet (“to sharpen”) + stone.

inh

[…]for alwaies the dulneſſe of the foole, is the whetstone of the wits.

c. 1598–1600 (date written), William Shakespeare, “As You Like It”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii], page 186, column 2, line 192:

It was as if a stone were ground to dust; as if white sparks flew from a livid whetstone, which was his spine; as if the switchback railway, having swooped to the depths, fell, fell, fell.

1922 October 26, Virginia Woolf, Jacob’s Room, Richmond, London: […] Leonard & Virginia Woolf at the Hogarth Press, →OCLC; republished London: The Hogarth Press, 1960, →OCLC:

A sharpening stone; a hard stone or piece of synthetically bonded hard minerals that has been formed with at least one flat surface, used to sharpen or hone an edged tool.


wire brush

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-wire brush.wav

A brush that has bristles made of wire; used as an abrasive and on masonry etc; especially (when without a qualifier) the hand tool type of such a brush.


wire brush

en-verb

wire brush (third-person singular simple present wire brushes, present participle wire brushing, simple past and past participle wire brushed)

wire brushes (present singular third-person)
wire brushing (participle present)
wire brushed (participle past)
wire brushed (past)

To scrub with a wire brush, especially the hand tool type.


cizo

Borrowed from English scissors, French ciseaux and Italian cesoia.


rasp

From Middle English raspen, from Old French rasper, from Frankish *hraspōn, from Proto-Germanic *hraspōną, related to Proto-Germanic *hrespaną (“to tear”). Compare Old High German raspōn (“to gather, rake”), Old English ġehrespan (“to tear”).
The noun is from Middle French raspe.

cog

A coarse file or filelike tool, on which the cutting prominences are distinct points raised by the oblique stroke of a sharp punch, instead of lines raised by a chisel, as on the true file.


froe

Abbreviation of obsolete frower, from froward (“turned away”), referring to the orientation of the blade, at right angles to the handle. From late 16th century.

Patch shingles on the barn roof: do we have a maul and froe?

1997, Charles Frazier, chapter 4, in Cold Mountain, London: Hodder and Stoughton, page 88:

A cleaving tool for splitting cask staves and shingles from a block of wood.


trivet

PIE word
 *tréyes
From Middle English trevet, from Old English trefet, borrowed from Latin tripēs, tripedis (“tripod”).

Edward H[enry] Knight
w:Edward H. Knight

A weaver's knife used to cut out the wire that was used to form a pile.


tackle

en-noun

tackle (countable and uncountable, plural tackles)

From Middle English takel (“gear, apparatus”), from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German takel (“ship's rigging”), perhaps related to Middle Dutch taken (“to grasp, seize”). Akin to Danish takkel (“tackle”), Swedish tackel (“tackle”). More at take.

der

(nautical, slang, uncountable) Clothing.

(fishing, uncountable) Equipment (rod, reel, line, lure, etc.) used when angling.

(countable) Any instance in which one person intercepts another and forces them to the ground.

taklaus

instance of forcing another person to the ground


Phillips head

Phillips heads (plural)
phillips head (alternative)
phillips-head (alternative)
Phillips-head (alternative)

From Phillips head screwdriver and Phillips head screw, by shortening; eponymous of Henry F. Phillips of Portland, OR, the inventor of the '+' shaped socket for screws.

A screwdriver with a '+' shaped head for turning screws so socketed.


counterbore

From counter- (“against”) + bore (“hole”).

Meronyms: flute, pilot (the land at the tip, which rides the hole as a guide), shank

The cutter used to cut such a recess. (Also used, at less depth, for spotfacing.)


anvil

From Middle English anfilt, anvelt, anfelt, from late Old English anfilt, anfilte, anfealt, from earlier onfilti (“anvil”), from Proto-West Germanic *anafalt (compare Middle Dutch anvilte, Low German Anfilts, Anefilt, Old High German anafalz), compound of *ana (“on”) + *falt (“beaten”) (compare German falzen (“to groove, fold, welt”), Swedish dialectal filta (“to beat”)), from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₂-t- (“shaken, beaten”) (compare Middle Irish lethar (“leather”), Latin pellō (“to beat, strike”), Ancient Greek πάλλω (pállō, “to toss, brandish”)), enlargement of Proto-Indo-European *pelh₂- (“to stir, move”). More at felon.

der

My heart is as an anvil unto sorrow,
Which beats upon it like the Cyclops’ hammers […]

1594, Christopher Marlow[e], The Troublesome Raigne and Lamentable Death of Edward the Second, King of England: […], London: […] [Eliot’s Court Press] for Henry Bell, […], published 1622, →OCLC, [Act I]:

I saw a smith stand with his hammer, thus,
The whilst his iron did on the anvil cool,
With open mouth swallowing a tailor’s news […]

c. 1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Iohn”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:

1794, William Blake, “The Tyger,” lines 15-16,
What the anvil? what dread grasp / Dare its deadly terrors clasp?

Thus at the flaming forge of life / Our fortunes must be wrought; / Thus on its sounding anvil shaped / Each burning deed and thought!

1839, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, “[Miscellaneous.] w:The Village Blacksmith.”, in Ballads and Other Poems, 2nd edition, Cambridge, Mass.: […] John Owen, published 1842, →OCLC, stanza 8, page 102:

With an anvil-ding / And with fire in him forge thy will / Or rather, rather then, stealing as Spring / Through him, melt him but master him still: [...]

1875–1876, Gerard Manley Hopkins, “The Wreck of the Deutschland”, in Robert Bridges, editor, Poems of Gerard Manley Hopkins: Now First Published […], London: Humphrey Milford, published 1918, →OCLC, part 1, stanza 10, page 14:

A heavy iron block used in the blacksmithing trade as a surface upon which metal can be struck and shaped.

(anatomy) The incus bone in the middle ear.

A stone or other hard surface used by a bird for breaking the shells of snails.

The non-moving surface of a micrometer against which the item to be measured is placed.

(meteorology) A horizontal-topped mass of cloud, shaped like a blacksmith's anvil, that forms before a thunderstorm.


anvil

en-verb

anvil (third-person singular simple present anvils, present participle anvilling or anviling, simple past and past participle anvilled or anviled)

anvils (present singular third-person)
anvilling (participle present)
anviling (participle present)
anvilled (participle past)
anvilled (past)
anviled (participle past)
anviled (past)

I Have anvil’d out this Iron Age,
Which I commit, not to your patronage,
But skill and Art […]

1648, Abraham Cowley, The Foure Ages of England, or, The Iron Age with Other Select Poems, London, Postscript:

The Family Tang caus’d an Iron Pillar to be erected there of three Rods high, and of a proportionable thickness, Anvil’d out of an intire Piece.

1671, “A Third Embassy to the Emperor of China and East-Tartary”, in John Ogilby, transl., Atlas Chinensis, London, page 291:

I never started a roguery, that did not come out of thy forge in a manner ready anvilled and hammered for execution […]

1748, [Samuel Richardson], “Letter XCII”, in Clarissa. Or, The History of a Young Lady: […], volume VII, London: […] S[amuel] Richardson; […], →OCLC, page 341:

(transitive, often figurative) To fashion on, or as if on, an anvil.


ábaco

Learned borrowing from Latin abacus (“board”), from Ancient Greek ἄβαξ (ábax, “board”), from Hebrew אבק (abák, “dust”).

lbor

abacus (instrument for performing arithmetical calculations by sliding balls on wires, or counters in grooves)


zax

Inherited from Middle English sax (“knife”), from Old English seax, from Proto-West Germanic *sahs, from Proto-Germanic *sahsą. Doublet of sax.

inh+

A tool, similar to a hatchet, used to prepare slate for roofing.


loggerhead

From logger (“(dialectal) heavy wooden block secured to a horse's leg to prevent it from straying”) + head. Logger was apparently coined because its sound connotes a clumsy, heavy object; compare log (“trunk of a dead tree; bulky piece of wood”).

compound

Ah, you whoreſon loggerhead, you were borne to do me ſhame.

c. 1595–1596 (date written), W. Shakespere [i.e., William Shakespeare], A Pleasant Conceited Comedie Called, Loues Labors Lost. […] (First Quarto), London: […] W[illiam] W[hite] for Cut[h]bert Burby, published 1598, →OCLC; republished as Shakspere’s Loves Labours Lost (Shakspere-Quarto Facsimiles; no. 5), London: W[illiam] Griggs, […], [1880], →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:

[Y]ou in the mean time, you ſilly Logerhead, deſerve to have your Bones well-thraſh'd with a Fool's ſtaff, for thinking to ſtir up Kings and Princes to War by ſuch Childiſh Arguments.

1692, John Milton, “The Author’s Preface”, in [Joseph Washington], transl., A Defence of the People of England, […]: In Answer to Salmasius’s Defence of the King, [London?]: [s.n.], →OCLC, page xx:

(obsolete) A stupid person; a blockhead, a dolt.


pricker

A priming wire; a priming needle, used in blasting and gunnery.


straightedge

straightedges (plural)
straight edge (alternative)

A flat, rectangular tool used to draw, cut or check the straightness of straight lines.


cat's-paw

en-noun

cat's-paw (plural cat's-paws or cats'-paws)

cat's-paws (plural)
cats'-paws (plural)
cat's paw (alternative)
catspaw (alternative)

From cat + paw. In most senses, due to a resemblance of shape. In its senses as a pawn to another's interests or analysis, variant of earlier cat's-foot, derived from European tales of a monkey (attested as early as 1456 but sometimes misattributed to the 16th-century monkey of Pope Julius II) who used a sleeping puppy or cat's foot to rake hot chestnuts out of a fire, taken as a metaphor for rulers' ill use of their subjects. Now usually understood in light of Jean de La Fontaine's 1679 fable of the "The Monkey and the Cat" (sometimes misattributed to Aesop), in which the monkey fools the cat into removing the chestnuts through flattery and promises of shared reward. The cat removes the chestnuts one by one, burning his paw while the monkey eats each in turn. A maid then enters and chases them both away. La Fontaine's moral concludes that princes should not endure real losses for mere flattery from their king.

dupe

one unwittingly used for another's purposes

an unrelated metaphor from a separate story

pull someone's chestnuts out of the fire

(historical weaponry, torture) A metal set of claws worn over the hand or wielded in the hand used to remove skin and flesh.


flail

From Middle English flayle, from earlier fleil, fleyl, fleȝȝl, from Old English fligel, *flegel (“flail”), from Proto-West Germanic *flagil, of uncertain origin. Cognate with Scots flail (“a thresher's flail”), West Frisian fleil, flaaiel (“flail”), Dutch vlegel (“flail”), German Flegel (“flail”). Possibly a native Germanic word from Proto-Germanic *flagilaz (“whip”), from Proto-Germanic *flag-, *flah- (“to whip, beat”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂k- (“to beat, hit, strike; weep”); compare Old Norse flaga (“sudden attack, bout”), Lithuanian plàkti (“to whip, lash, flog”), Ancient Greek πληγνύναι (plēgnúnai, “strike, hit, encounter”), Latin plangō (“lament”, i.e. “beat one's breast”) + Proto-Germanic *-ilaz (instrumental suffix). If so, related also to English flag, flack, flacker.
Alternatively, Proto-West Germanic *flagil may be an early borrowing of Latin flagellum (“winnowing tool, thresher”), diminutive of flagrum (“scourge, whip”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlag-, *bʰlaǵ- (“to beat”); compare Old Norse blekkja (“to beat, mistreat”). Compare also Old French flael (“flail”), Walloon flayea (“flail”) (locally pronounced "flai"), Italian flagello (“scourge, whip, plague”).

cog

When in one night, ere glimpse of morn,
His shadowy flail hath threshed the corn
That ten day-labourers could not end;

Huge fragments vaulted like rebounding hail,
Or chaffy grain beneath the thresher's flail

1816, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Kubla Khan:

On him alone the curse of Cain
Fell, like a flail on the garnered grain,
And struck him to the earth!

1842, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, The Slave in the Dismal Swamp:

If the farmer must use the spade because he has not capital enough for a plough, the sickle instead of the reaping machine, the flail instead of the thresher...

1879, Henry George, chapter V, in Progress and Poverty:

A tool used for threshing, consisting of a long handle (handstock) with a shorter stick (swipple or swingle) attached with a short piece of chain, thong or similar material.


ål

head

ål c (singular definite ålen, plural indefinite ål)

ålen (definite singular)
ål (indefinite plural)
ål (indefinite nominative singular)
ålen (definite nominative singular)
ål (indefinite nominative plural)
ålene (definite nominative plural)
åls (genitive indefinite singular)
ålens (definite genitive singular)
åls (genitive indefinite plural)
ålenes (definite genitive plural)


peeler

From Middle English peler, piller, pyllare, pilour, pelure, pelour, equivalent to peel + -er.

(derogatory, slang) A stripper; one who disrobes for entertainment.


sacacorchos

Verb-object compound, composed of saca (“to remove”) + corchos (“corks”).


ecg

eċġ (canonical feminine)
eċġ (nominative singular)
eċġa (nominative plural)
eċġe (nominative plural)
eċġe (accusative singular)
eċġa (accusative plural)
eċġe (accusative plural)
eċġe (genitive singular)
eċġa (genitive plural)
eċġe (dative singular)
eċġum (dative plural)

Middle English: egge

English: edge

Scots: ege, egge

Iċ eom ānhaga īserne wund, bille ġebennod, beadoweorca sæd, eċġum wēriġ.

I am a lone one wounded with iron, wounded by sword, sated of battle-works, weary by edges.


plummet

From Middle English plommet (“ball of lead, plumb of a bob-line”), recorded since 1382, from Old French plommet or plomet, the diminutive of plom, plum (“lead, sounding lead”), from Latin plumbum (“lead”). The verb is first recorded in 1626, originally meaning “to fathom, take soundings", from the noun.

inh

I'le ſeeke him deeper than ere plummet ſounded, / And with him there lye mudded.

1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii], page 13, column 2:

Iudgement also will I lay to the line, and righteousnesse to the plummet: and the haile shall sweepe away the refuge of lyes, and the waters shall ouerflow the hiding place.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Isaiah 28:17:

Each long black hair upon his head hung down as straight as any plummet line; […]

1842 December – 1844 July, Charles Dickens, chapter 21, in The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1844, →OCLC:

And love was the plummet dropped down into the deeps of him where like had never gone.

1906 May–October, Jack London, chapter VI, in White Fang, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., published October 1906, →OCLC:

He told her then of his life since he had returned to the jungle—of how he had dropped like a plummet from a civilized Parisian to a savage Waziri warrior, and from there back to the brute that he had been raised.

1913 June–December, Edgar Rice Burroughs, The Return of Tarzan, New York, N.Y.: A[lexander] C[aldwell] McClurg, published March 1915, →OCLC:

(archaic, nautical) A piece of lead attached to a line, used in sounding the depth of water; a plumb bob or a plumb line.


tol

tōl (canonical neuter)
tōl (nominative singular)
tōl (nominative plural)
tōl (accusative singular)
tōl (accusative plural)
tōles (genitive singular)
tōla (genitive plural)
tōle (dative singular)
tōlum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: tool, tole, tol, toole
English: tool
Scots: tuil

Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *tōlą, from Proto-Indo-European *dewh₂- (“to tie to; secure”).


microscope

en-verb

microscope (third-person singular simple present microscopes, present participle microscoping, simple past and past participle microscoped)

microscopes (present singular third-person)
microscoping (participle present)
microscoped (participle past)
microscoped (past)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *mey-der.?
Ancient Greek μῑκρός (mīkrós)
Proto-Indo-European *speḱ-
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *spéḱyeti
Proto-Hellenic *sképťomai
Ancient Greek σκέπτομαι (sképtomai)
Proto-Hellenic *-os
Ancient Greek -ος (-os)
Ancient Greek -ός (-ós)
Ancient Greek σκοπός (skopós)
Proto-Indo-European *-eti
Proto-Indo-European *-eyéti
Proto-Indo-European *-esyéti
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti
Ancient Greek -έω (-éō)
Ancient Greek σκοπέω (skopéō)
Proto-Indo-European *-yós
Old Latin -ios
Latin -ius
Latin -ium
Latin mīcroscopiumlbor.
Italian microscopiobor.
English microscope
From New Latin microscopium and Italian microscopio, from Ancient Greek μικρός (mikrós, “small”) + σκοπέω (skopéō, “I look at”), equivalent to micro- + -scope.

etymon

It has a strong germicidal action, as can be verified by staining and microscoping the pus, the characteristic micro-organisms disappearing rapidly under its use.

Wright (1959), using the standard and less laborious technique of microscoping the centrifuged deposit of a sample of urine, found that 21.6% of males attending life insurance examinations had more than 10 red blood cells per high power field (rbc/hpf).

2012, E.J. Zingg, D.M.A. Wallace, Bladder Cancer, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 79:

To examine with a microscope, to put under a microscope (literally or figuratively).


mikroskop

ms-noun

mikroskop (Jawi spelling ميکروسکوڤ, plural mikroskop-mikroskop)

ميکروسکوڤ (Jawi)
mikroskop-mikroskop (plural)

From English microscope, from New Latin microscopium.


mikroskop

pl-noun

mikroskop m inan (related adjective mikroskopowy)

mikroskopowy (adjective)
mikroskop (nominative singular)
mikroskopy (nominative plural)
mikroskopu (genitive singular)
mikroskopów (genitive plural)
mikroskopowi (dative singular)
mikroskopom (dative plural)
mikroskop (accusative singular)
mikroskopy (accusative plural)
mikroskopem (instrumental singular)
mikroskopami (instrumental plural)
mikroskopie (locative singular)
mikroskopach (locative plural)
mikroskopie (singular vocative)
mikroskopy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English microscope, French microscope, German Mikroskop, ultimately from New Latin mīcroscopium, from Ancient Greek μικρός (mikrós) + σκοπέω (skopéō).

(microscopy) microscope (optical instrument used for observing small objects)


teleskop

teleskop (nominative singular)
teleskopy (nominative plural)
teleskopu (genitive singular)
teleskopów (genitive plural)
teleskopowi (dative singular)
teleskopom (dative plural)
teleskop (accusative singular)
teleskopy (accusative plural)
teleskopem (instrumental singular)
teleskopami (instrumental plural)
teleskopie (locative singular)
teleskopach (locative plural)
teleskopie (singular vocative)
teleskopy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek τηλεσκόπος (tēleskópos, “far-seeing”); from τῆλε (têle, “afar”) + σκοπέω (skopéō, “I look at”).

lbor

(astronomy) telescope (any instrument used to observe distant objects)

(astronomy, optics) telescope (optical instrument that magnifies)

(colloquial, technology) telescopic hydraulic cylinder


teleskop

teleskop (nominative singular)
teleskopy (nominative plural)
teleskopa (genitive singular)
teleskopów (genitive plural)
teleskopowi (dative singular)
teleskopom (dative plural)
teleskopa (accusative singular)
teleskopy (accusative plural)
teleskopem (instrumental singular)
teleskopami (instrumental plural)
teleskopie (locative singular)
teleskopach (locative plural)
teleskopie (singular vocative)
teleskopy (plural vocative)


clamp

From Middle Dutch clamp, klampe (“a clamp, hook”), from Proto-Germanic *klampō (“clamp, clasp, cramp”), related to Proto-West Germanic *klammjan.
Cognate with Middle Low German klampe (“hook, clasp”), German Klampfe, Klampe (“clamp, cleat”), Norwegian klamp (“clamp”), Alemannic German Chlempi.

cog

(medicine) An instrument used to temporarily shut off blood vessels, etc.

(UK) A parking enforcement device used to immobilise a car until it can be towed or a fine is paid; a wheel clamp.


center punch

center punches (plural)
centre punch (alternative)

(countable) A tool used to create a small indentation in preparation for drilling a hole.


koko

From Proto-Polynesian *koko (“to scoop in the hands”), from Proto-Austronesian *gemgem (“fist; to hold in the fist”). Cognate with Malay genggam (“grip”).


koko

head

koko (passive kokoa or kokongia or kokotia)

kokoa (passive)
kokongia (passive)
kokotia (passive)


betty

betties (plural)
bettee (alternative)
Betty (alternative)

Betty Rubble
Green's Dictionary of Slang

From Betty (nickname for “Elizabeth”). In thieves’ cant a tool for wrenching locked doors is also called a Bess (from “Elizabeth”) or a Jenny. The “attractive woman” sense may relate to the character Betty Rubble in the cartoon The Flintstones.

After a quick meal at a tea shop, we found ourselves in the hallway at the Midland Hotel, where he removed a skeleton key, or “betty” as he called it, from his pocket and inserted it in the keyhole. […] Once they were out of sight, I fumbled about with the betty for a few moments before the lock finally clicked open.

1958, Will Thomas, To Kingdom Come, page 161:

(slang) A picklock, skeleton key; a tool for opening locks.


mugu

‘Bulla mogo parrabugo’ (two hatchets to-morrow) I repeatedly cried; but having probably experienced our insincerity, he rejected the proposal with disdain.

1793, Watkin Tench, A Complete Account of the Settlement at Port Jackson:


niveau

→ Danish: niveau

→ Dutch: niveau

→ German: Niveau

→ Norwegian Bokmål: nivå

→ Romanian: nivel

→ Serbo-Croatian: nivo

→ Swedish: nivå

→ Turkish: nivo

→ Yiddish: ניוואָ (nivo)

Inherited from Old French nivel, livel, from Vulgar Latin *libellus m, from Latin lībella f. Cognate with English level and Portuguese nível.

Il faut complèter ce niveau pour gagner l'épée magique.

You have to complete this level to earn the magic sword.


ferrule

en-verb

ferrule (third-person singular simple present ferrules, present participle ferruling, simple past and past participle ferruled)

ferrules (present singular third-person)
ferruling (participle present)
ferruled (participle past)
ferruled (past)

From Middle English verel, virel, virole (“ferrule; metal pivot on the end of an axle”), altered under the influence of Latin ferrum (“iron”), from Old French virole (“ferrule”), from Latin viriola (“little bracelet”), diminutive of viria (“bracelet worn by men”), from Gaulish, from Proto-Celtic *weiros (“crooked”) (compare Middle Irish fiar (“bent, crooked”), Welsh gŵyr, Breton gwar (“curved”)), from Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁ros (“threaded, turned, twisted”), from *weyh₁- (“to turn, twist, weave”).

refn

From the collection of the Auckland War Memorial Museum in Auckland, New Zealand.

der

"District school, I mean," said Dave, with a flourish of the hand. "Where the master or mistress boards about, and ferrules the children with a pine ruler, if they don't toe a crack every spelling time."

[1866, Ann S[ophia] Stephens, “The Sailor and His Two Companions”, in The Gold Brick, Philadelphia, Pa.: T. B. Peterson and Brothers, […], →OCLC, page 203:

The return of the Thunderer from her protracted steam trial to Madeira has removed all doubt with regard to the efficacy of the new patent ferrule, as applied to boiler tubes. […] In fact, the highly successful results of the trial will, no doubt, lead to the universal practice of ferruling the boiler tubes in all our war vessels fitted with forced draft.

1892 November, “Ships”, in Journal of the American Society of Naval Engineers, volume IV, number 4, Washington, D.C.: R. Beresford, printer, →OCLC, page 837:

I employed a practical boiler smith, who expanded and ferruled the tubes.

1902, The English Mechanic and World of Science, volume 74, London: E. J. Kibblewhite, →OCLC, page 42:

Once inside the shop he took the line and cut the bad end off and with that done, he attempted to ferrule the cut end.

2011, Jerry Aaron, “The Fork in the Road”, in Diesel Smoke over Asphalt Ribbons: Dreams in the Rearview Mirror, Sparks, Nev.: Jerry Aaron, →ISBN, page 130, column 1:


ruta

Borrowed from French route. Doublet of raut.


ruta

flexible rod used for corporal punishment


우산

Sino-Korean word from 雨傘, from 雨 (“rain”) + 傘 (“umbrella”), inherited via Middle Korean 우〯산〮 (wǔsán).


phallus

la-noun

phallus m (genitive phallī); second declension

phallī (genitive)
phallus (nominative singular)
phallī (nominative plural)
phallī (genitive singular)
phallōrum (genitive plural)
phallō (dative singular)
phallīs (dative plural)
phallum (accusative singular)
phallōs (accusative plural)
phallō (ablative singular)
phallīs (ablative plural)
phalle (singular vocative)
phallī (plural vocative)

Asturian: falu

Catalan: fal·lus

→ Czech: falus

→ Dutch: fallus

→ English: phallus

→ French: phallus

Galician: falo

→ German: Phallus

Italian: fallo

→ Occitan: fallus

→ Polish: fallus

→ Portuguese: falo

Romanian: falus (possibly via French)

desc

→ Russian: фа́ллус (fállus), фалл (fall)

→ Serbo-Croatian: falus, фалус

Sicilian: fallu

Spanish: falo

→ Turkish: fallus

From Ancient Greek φαλλός (phallós, “membrum virile, phallus, or a figure thereof”), likely ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to blow, swell up”); compare follis (“sack”).

der

(mythology, religion) an iconic phallic figure of the male member borne in cult processions at a Dionysian orgy or festival of Bacchus as a symbol of the generative power of nature


cirkelo

eo-head

cirkelo (accusative singular cirkelon, plural cirkeloj, accusative plural cirkelojn)

cirkelon (accusative singular)
cirkeloj (plural)
cirkelojn (accusative plural)

From German Zirkel, Polish cyrkiel, Russian ци́ркуль (církulʹ), all from Latin circulus (“circle”). Doublet of cirklo.


malleus

la-noun

malleus m (genitive malleī); second declension

malleī (genitive)
malleus (nominative singular)
malleī (nominative plural)
malleī (genitive singular)
malleōrum (genitive plural)
malleō (dative singular)
malleīs (dative plural)
malleum (accusative singular)
malleōs (accusative plural)
malleō (ablative singular)
malleīs (ablative plural)
mallee (singular vocative)
malleī (plural vocative)

Asturian: mayu

Albanian: maj

Aromanian: malj, maljiu

Basque: mailu

Catalan: mall

Old French: mail

French: mail

→ English: maul

Italian: maglio

Portuguese: malho

Galician: mallo

Romanian: mai

Romansch: magl

Sardinian:

Logudorese: mazu, màggiu, màgiu, maxu

Campidanese: mallu, màgliu

Sicilian: magghiu

Spanish: mallo

Walloon: maye

English: malleus

Serbo-Croatian: mȃlj / ма̑љ

From Proto-Indo-European *melh₂-no-, from *melh₂- (“to grind, crush”), whence also molō (“I grind”). Compare similar semantic development from the same Proto-Indo-European root in Old Church Slavonic млатъ (mlatŭ, “hammer”), beside the verb млѣти (mlěti, “grind”).

[…] haud aliter quam cum spectante iuvenca
lactentis vituli dextra libratus ab aure

[…] just as when the young suckling calf spies by its right ear the danger poised to crash its resounding hammer blow.

tempora discussit claro cava malleus ictu.

sinistram manum misit ad clavum et dexteram ad fabrorum malleos […]

She put her hand to the nail, and her right hand to the workmen's hammer […]


Boa

From Low German bohren, from Middle Low German bōren, from Old Saxon borōn, from Proto-Germanic *burōną (“to bore”).
Compare Dutch boor, English bore.


Hammer

de-noun

Hammer m (strong, genitive Hammers, plural Hämmer or Hammer, diminutive Hämmerchen n or Hämmerlein n)

Hammers (genitive)
Hämmer (plural)
Hammer (plural)
Hämmerchen (diminutive neuter)
Hämmerlein (diminutive neuter)
Hammer (nominative singular)
Hämmer (definite nominative plural)
Hammer (definite nominative plural)
Hammers (genitive singular)
Hämmer (definite genitive plural)
Hammer (definite genitive plural)
Hammer (dative singular)
Hämmern (dative definite plural)
Hammern (dative definite plural)
Hammer (accusative singular)
Hämmer (accusative definite plural)
Hammer (accusative definite plural)

From Middle High German hamer, from Old High German hamar, from Proto-West Germanic *hamar, from Proto-Germanic *hamaraz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱmoros, from *h₂éḱmō (“stone”).
Compare Low German Hamer, Dutch hamer, English hammer, West Frisian hammer, Danish hammer, Swedish hammare.

Er schlug sich mit dem Hammer auf den Daumen.


Heel

From an underlying Middle High German *höuwel, from the verb houwen, whence Luxembourgish haen (“to hit, chop”); derived either directly from the verb with the tool suffix -el or as a diminutive of the noun houwe, from Old High German houwa (“hoe”), related to the verb houwan (“to hew”).
Alternatively or additionally, the word could be from Middle High German *heiel, diminutive of heie, from Old High German heia (“battering ram”), since related words in Central Franconian also mean “ram; wooden hammer; masher of an oil press”.


Hummer

From Old High German hamar, from Proto-Germanic *hamaraz. Cognate with German Hammer, Dutch hamer, English hammer, Icelandic hamar.


Maul

Maul n (strong, genitive Maules or Mauls, plural Mäuler, diminutive Mäulchen n)

Maules (genitive)
Mauls (genitive)
Mäuler (plural)
Mäulchen (diminutive neuter)
Maul (nominative singular)
Mäuler (definite nominative plural)
Maules (genitive singular)
Mauls (genitive singular)
Mäuler (definite genitive plural)
Maul (dative singular)
Maule (dative singular)
Mäulern (dative definite plural)
Maul (accusative singular)
Mäuler (accusative definite plural)

From Middle High German mūl, mūle (“snout, mouth”), from Old High German *mūl, mūla (“snout”), from Proto-Germanic *mūlą, *mūlō (“muzzle, snout”), from Proto-Indo-European *mū- (“lips, muzzle”).
Cognate with Dutch muil (“muzzle, snout”), Danish mule (“muzzle”), West Frisian mûle (“mouth”), Alemannic German Muul (“mouth”).

der

mouth of a person in a non-pejorative sense

a part of a tool that holds or carries something


Mikroskop

de-noun

Mikroskop n (strong, genitive Mikroskopes or Mikroskops, plural Mikroskope)

Mikroskopes (genitive)
Mikroskops (genitive)
Mikroskope (plural)
Mikroskop (nominative singular)
Mikroskope (definite nominative plural)
Mikroskopes (genitive singular)
Mikroskops (genitive singular)
Mikroskope (definite genitive plural)
Mikroskop (dative singular)
Mikroskope (dative singular)
Mikroskopen (dative definite plural)
Mikroskop (accusative singular)
Mikroskope (accusative definite plural)


Sense

Sense (genitive)
Sensen (plural)
Sense (nominative singular)
Sensen (definite nominative plural)
Sense (genitive singular)
Sensen (definite genitive plural)
Sense (dative singular)
Sensen (dative definite plural)
Sense (accusative singular)
Sensen (accusative definite plural)

By pre-cluster shortening from Middle High German sēnse, itself by Central German monophthongisation from seinse, itself by pre-alveolar contraction (compare Getreide, verteidigen etc.) from segense, from Old High German segansa, itself by metathesis from segisna, from Proto-West Germanic *sagisnu. Cognate with Dutch zeis.

Wer im Mai nicht mäht, wird von den „Gartenfreunden“ im Verein schief angeguckt und muss im Juni dann mit der Sense ran, weil der Rasenmäher bei hohem Gras den Geist aufgibt.

2025 April 30, Christiane Rösinger, “Zwischen Frühlingstaumel und Freizeitstress”, in Die Tageszeitung: taz, →ISSN:

scythe (instrument for mowing grass etc.)


Turner

From Latin tornus (“lathe, potter's wheel”), from Ancient Greek τόρνος (tórnos, “carpenter's tool for drawing a circle; turning lathe”).

der

(Uri) A device used to turn cheese vats.


prît

prît (plural)
prét (alternative)
prēt (alternative)

From Latin presbyter, from Ancient Greek πρεσβύτερος (presbúteros), from πρέσβυς (présbus, “elder, older”).


prit

From Late Latin presbyter, from Ancient Greek πρεσβύτερος (presbúteros), from πρέσβυς (présbus, “elder, older”).


mop head

mop heads (plural)
mophead (alternative)

The end of a mop, to which the thrums or rags are fastened.


pickaxe

pickaxes (plural)
pickax (alternative)
pick-axe (alternative)

Inherited from Middle English pykeaxe, pecaxe, pyke exe (“pickaxe”), an alteration (due to folk etymology association with pick and axe) of Middle English pikeyse, pikeys, pykois, from Anglo-Norman *pikeis, Old French picois, pecois, from Latin picōsa (“pickaxe”), from picca, ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *pīk (“sharp point, pike”). Doublet of pique and pike.

A heavy iron tool with a wooden handle; one end of the head is pointed, the other has a chisel edge.


binocular

From French binoculaire, from bini (“double”) and oculaire (“ocular”).


pura

pura (nominative singular)
purat (nominative plural)
puran (genitive singular)
purriin (genitive plural)
purraa (partitive singular)
purria (partitive plural)
purraa (illative singular)
purrii (illative plural)
puras (inessive singular)
puris (inessive plural)
purast (elative singular)
purist (elative plural)
puralle (allative singular)
purille (allative plural)
pural (adessive singular)
puril (adessive plural)
puralt (ablative singular)
purilt (ablative plural)
puraks (singular translative)
puriks (plural translative)
puranna (essive singular)
purraan (essive singular)
purinna (essive plural)
purriin (essive plural)
purant (exessive singular)
purint (exessive plural)

Ultimately from Swedish borr. Compare Finnish pora.


celt

celt (indefinite nominative singular)
celts (genitive indefinite singular)
celten (definite nominative singular)
celtens (definite genitive singular)
celter (indefinite nominative plural)
celters (genitive indefinite plural)
celterna (definite nominative plural)
celternas (definite genitive plural)


пёрка

ru-noun+

пёрка • (pjórka) f inan (genitive пёрки, nominative plural пёрки, genitive plural пёрок)

pjórka (romanization)
пёрки (genitive)
пёрки (nominative plural)
пёрок (genitive plural)
пёрка (nominative singular)
пёрки (nominative plural)
пёрки (genitive singular)
пёрок (genitive plural)
пёрке (dative singular)
пёркам (dative plural)
пёрку (accusative singular)
пёрки (accusative plural)
пёркой (instrumental singular)
пёркою (instrumental singular)
пёрками (instrumental plural)
пёрке (prepositional singular)
пёрках (plural prepositional)

Per Vasmer, from пере́ть (perétʹ) + -ка (-ka), from Proto-Slavic *perъka.

центрова́я пёрка

flat bit, spade bit (synonym: перьевое сверло)

ло́жечная пёрка


soldering iron

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-soldering iron.wav

A hand-held tool with a heated tip, used to melt and apply solder.


neil

head

neil c (plural neilen or neils, diminutive neiltsje)

neilen (plural)
neils (plural)
neiltsje (diminutive)

From Old Frisian neil, from Proto-West Germanic *nagl.


tape measure

Reappearing, tape-measure in hand, he went into the bedroom and took slow and accurate measurements, whistling delightedly to find that his pre-mortem theoretical calculations and post-mortem practical measurements hardly varied.

1907, Barbara Baynton, edited by Sally Krimmer and Alan Lawson, Human Toll (Portable Australian Authors: Barbara Baynton), St Lucia: University of Queensland Press, published 1980, page 126:

A graduated flexible ribbon used for measuring lengths.

皮尺

made of linen or cloth, usually non-retractable


бабушка

бабушка • (babuška) f (plural бабушки, diminutive бабувче)

babuška (romanization)
бабушки (plural)
бабувче (diminutive)
бабушка (indefinite singular)
бабушки (indefinite plural)
бабушката (definite singular unspecified)
бабушките (definite plural unspecified)
бабушкава (definite proximal singular)
бабушкиве (definite plural proximal)
бабушкана (definite distal singular)
бабушкине (definite distal plural)
бабушко (singular vocative)
бабушки (plural vocative)


cochlea

la-noun

cochlea f (genitive cochleae); first declension

cochleae (genitive)
cochlea (nominative singular)
cochleae (nominative plural)
cochleae (genitive singular)
cochleārum (genitive plural)
cochleae (dative singular)
cochleīs (dative plural)
cochleam (accusative singular)
cochleās (accusative plural)
cochleā (ablative singular)
cochleīs (ablative plural)
cochlea (singular vocative)
cochleae (plural vocative)
coclea (alternative)
coclia (alternative)
cochlia (alternative)

→ Catalan: còclea

→ English: cochlea

→ Italian: coclea

→ Portuguese: cóclea

→ Spanish: cóclea

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κοχλῐ́ᾱς (kokhlĭ́ās, “snail with a spiral shell”).

bor

(metonymic)
spiral (form of a snailshell)

Archimedes' screw, water screw, screw pump (machine for drawing water by raising it)


flex

flexek (plural)
flex (nominative singular)
flexek (nominative plural)
flexet (accusative singular)
flexeket (accusative plural)
flexnek (dative singular)
flexeknek (dative plural)
flexszel (instrumental singular)
flexekkel (instrumental plural)
flexért (causal-final singular)
flexekért (causal-final plural)
flexszé (singular translative)
flexekké (plural translative)
flexig (singular terminative)
flexekig (plural terminative)
flexként (essive-formal singular)
flexekként (essive-formal plural)
flexben (inessive singular)
flexekben (inessive plural)
flexen (singular superessive)
flexeken (plural superessive)
flexnél (adessive singular)
flexeknél (adessive plural)
flexbe (illative singular)
flexekbe (illative plural)
flexre (singular sublative)
flexekre (plural sublative)
flexhez (allative singular)
flexekhez (allative plural)
flexből (elative singular)
flexekből (elative plural)
flexről (delative singular)
flexekről (delative plural)
flextől (ablative singular)
flexektől (ablative plural)
flexé (singular)
flexeké (plural)
flexéi (singular)
flexekéi (plural)
flexem (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
flexeim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
flexed (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
flexeid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
flexe (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
flexei (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
flexünk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
flexeink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
flexetek (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
flexeitek (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
flexük (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
flexeik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

Borrowed from German Flex (“angle grinder”), originally a brand name.


vise

vises (plural)
vice (alternative British English)

→ Japanese: バイス

From Middle English vis, vys, vice (“screw”), from Anglo-Norman vyz, vice, from Old French vis (“screw”), from Latin vītis f (“vine”).
Probably akin to English withe.

Clamp this loop in a strong vise and twist the two ends evenly into one piece. As the twisting progresses, move the wire along so as to keep the grip of the vise close to the hands.

1937 October, R. H. Jenkins, “Five attractive new designs you can work out from inexpensive materials”, in Popular Science, volume 131, number 4, Bonnier Corporation, page 96:

(US) An instrument consisting of two jaws, closing by a screw, lever, cam, or the like, for holding work, as in filing.


Haue

Haue (genitive)
Hauen (plural)
Haue (nominative singular)
Hauen (definite nominative plural)
Haue (genitive singular)
Hauen (definite genitive plural)
Haue (dative singular)
Hauen (dative definite plural)
Haue (accusative singular)
Hauen (accusative definite plural)

Das gibt Haue!


Mörser

de-noun

Mörser m (strong, genitive Mörsers, plural Mörser)

Mörsers (genitive)
Mörser (plural)
Mörser (nominative singular)
Mörser (definite nominative plural)
Mörsers (genitive singular)
Mörser (definite genitive plural)
Mörser (dative singular)
Mörsern (dative definite plural)
Mörser (accusative singular)
Mörser (accusative definite plural)
Mörsel (alternative obsolete)

From Middle High German mörser, mörsære, from Old High German morsāri, from Proto-West Germanic *morsārī, alternative form of *mortārī (“mortar”). Doublet of Mörtel.

de:Mörser (Geschütz)
de:Mörser (Werkzeug)


Flaschenöffner

Flaschenöffner m (strong, genitive Flaschenöffners, plural Flaschenöffner)

Flaschenöffners (genitive)
Flaschenöffner (plural)
Flaschenöffner (nominative singular)
Flaschenöffner (definite nominative plural)
Flaschenöffners (genitive singular)
Flaschenöffner (definite genitive plural)
Flaschenöffner (dative singular)
Flaschenöffnern (dative definite plural)
Flaschenöffner (accusative singular)
Flaschenöffner (accusative definite plural)

From Flasche (“bottle”) + -n- + Öffner (“opener”).


Bürste

de-noun

Bürste f (genitive Bürste, plural Bürsten, diminutive Bürstchen n)

Bürste (genitive)
Bürsten (plural)
Bürstchen (diminutive neuter)
Bürste (nominative singular)
Bürsten (definite nominative plural)
Bürste (genitive singular)
Bürsten (definite genitive plural)
Bürste (dative singular)
Bürsten (dative definite plural)
Bürste (accusative singular)
Bürsten (accusative definite plural)

From Middle High German burst, burste, from Old High German burst, from Proto-West Germanic *bursti, from Proto-Germanic *burstiz.


Hacke

Hacke (genitive)
Hacken (plural)
Hacke (nominative singular)
Hacken (definite nominative plural)
Hacke (genitive singular)
Hacken (definite genitive plural)
Hacke (dative singular)
Hacken (dative definite plural)
Hacke (accusative singular)
Hacken (accusative definite plural)

From Middle High German hacke. Pertaining to hacken (“to chop”).


backscratcher

backscratchers (plural)
back scratcher (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-backscratcher.wav

A long slender rod with a rake-like device on one end, sometimes in the form of a human hand, designed to let a person scratch their own back.

不求人 (bat¹ kau⁴ jan⁴, literally “not to seek help from others”)

抓耙子 (zhuāpázi, literally “scratching rake”)

爪仗 (zhǎozhàng, literally “claw to rely on”)

不求人 (bùqiúrén, literally “not to seek help from others”)

מַגְרֵד גַּב m (magréd gav, literally “back scratcher”)

מַגְרֵד m (magréd, literally “scratcher”)

孫の手 (まごのて, mago no te, literally “grandchild's hand”)

효자손 (hyojason, literally “dutiful son's hand”)


hau

From Middle High German houwe, from Old High German houwa, from Proto-West Germanic *hauwā (“hoe, mattock”), from Proto-Germanic *hawwǭ, from *hawwaną (“to hew, chop; to forge”). Cognate with German Haue.


бар

Borrowed from Old Armenian *բարհ (*barh), the earlier form of բահ (bah), or together with it borrowed from an Iranian source.


spinning

pl-noun

spinning m inan (related adjective spinningowy)

spinningowy (adjective)
spinning (nominative singular)
spinningi (nominative plural)
spinningu (genitive singular)
spinningów (genitive plural)
spinningowi (dative singular)
spinningom (dative plural)
spinning (accusative singular)
spinningi (accusative plural)
spinningiem (instrumental singular)
spinningami (instrumental plural)
spinningu (locative singular)
spinningach (locative plural)
spinningu (singular vocative)
spinningi (plural vocative)

Pseudo-anglicism, derived from spinning.

(uncountable, fishing) spin fishing (angling technique where a spinnerbait, a type of hybrid fishing lure with at least one freely rotating blade, is used to entice the fish to bite)


letter opener

letter openers (plural)
letter-opener (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-letter opener.wav

Any of several devices for opening letters, either by breaking wax seals or (as is usually the case today) by cutting open their envelopes.

A device incorporating a small razor-style blade in the crotch of a U-shaped plastic handle; it slices the envelope while being, like a safety razor, unlikely to cut the user accidentally.


penknife

en-verb

penknife (third-person singular simple present penknifes, present participle penknifing, simple past and past participle penknifed)

penknifes (present singular third-person)
penknifing (participle present)
penknifed (participle past)
penknifed (past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-penknife.wav

From Middle English penne knyfe; equivalent to pen + knife. In the original sense, named for its purpose: aiding the use of a (traditional) ink pen through the following tasks: trimming the tip of a quill pen, trimming a reed for a nib, and (in some cases) allowing erasure by scraping away some ink.

(transitive) To cut or carve with a penknife.


pocketknife

pocketknives (plural)
pocket-knife (alternative)
pocket knife (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pocketknife.wav

Jimmy had a pocketknife, and he wandered into the drawing-room with it one day, alone, and reduced ten thousand dollars' worth of furniture to an indeterminable value in rather less than three-quarters of an hour.

1878, Mark Twain, Tom Sawyer Abroad; About Magnanimous-Incident Literature:

The Army, the Navy, the Maritime Commission, and Lend-Lease demanded more and more pocketknives — for demolition kits, medical kits, aviators’ kits, electricians’ kits; knives with tools, knives with marlin spikes. The pocketknife attained a new status — as indispensable equipment for all men in uniform.

1944, Alfred Lief, Camillus: The Story of an American Small Business:

A knife small enough for carrying safely and handily in a pocket; usually a folding knife (with blades or tools that the user can fold or retract into the handle).

thikëz

small knife whose blades or tools can fold in its handle


Schleifscheibe

de-noun

Schleifscheibe f (genitive Schleifscheibe, plural Schleifscheiben)

Schleifscheibe (genitive)
Schleifscheiben (plural)
Schleifscheibe (nominative singular)
Schleifscheiben (definite nominative plural)
Schleifscheibe (genitive singular)
Schleifscheiben (definite genitive plural)
Schleifscheibe (dative singular)
Schleifscheiben (dative definite plural)
Schleifscheibe (accusative singular)
Schleifscheiben (accusative definite plural)


abrelatas

→ Hiligaynon: abrilatas

→ Tagalog: abrelata

Verb-object compound, composed of abre (“to open”) + latas (“cans”).

es-verb-obj

(US, CA) can opener/can-opener, (UK, AU) tin opener/tin-opener (device to open tin cans)


abrebotellas

From abre (“it opens”) + botellas (“bottles”).


abrebotellas

rural northern Spain, Andes Mountains, Paraguay, Philippines

Verb-object compound, composed of abre (“to open”) + botellas (“bottles”).


planer

Besides the usual run of machines, planers, millers, automatics, centre lathes, cranes, etc., there were several power stations, the rolling mills for strip material and for 60 ft. rails, and all the steel furnaces with their complicated systems of flues. If variety is the spice of life, then there was plenty here.

1944 November and December, A Former Pupil, “Some Memories of Crewe Works—II”, in Railway Magazine, page 341:

mechanical engineering
mechanical engineering

(mechanical engineering) A large machine tool in which the workpiece is traversed linearly (by means of a reciprocating bed) beneath a single-point cutting tool. (Analogous to a shaper but larger and with the workpiece moving instead of the tool.) Planers can generate various shapes, but were most especially used to generate large, accurate flat surfaces. The planer is nowadays obsolescent, having been mostly superseded by large milling machines.


trammel

From Middle English trameyle, from Old French tramail (“net for catching fish”), from Late Latin tremaculum, from tri- (“tri-”) + macula (“spot, speck; mesh, cell”). Cognate with Italian tramaglio (“trammel”), Spanish trasmallo (“drift net”).


scaler

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-scaler.wav

An electronic circuit that aggregates many signals into one.

An electronic or computer system that adjusts the size of a signal or graphic to fit on a screen etc.

The explorer was renowned as a scaler of the world's tallest mountains.

(dentistry) A dentistry tool with two hooks.


centerpunch

A hand tool used to prepare a workpiece prior to drilling a hole. It typically compresses and then suddenly releases a spring, creating a small indentation that, in turn, guides and centers the drill.


búa

cái (classifier)
chiếc (classifier)
斧 (CJK)
鈽 (CJK)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 斧 (“hatchet”, SV: phủ), borrowed from a form when the vowel already shifted, although likely still reasonably early.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">phủ</i>

vi-etym-sino

búa tạ

búa liềm

Vui cái búa á! Cái đó mà vui gì!


posser

(UK) A tool for possing, or agitating laundry in a tub. It usually takes the form a bell shape or a circular plate with holes and vertical handle attached at the centre.