sound

Pseudo-anglicism. An ellipsis of English sound system.


buku

buku-buku (plural)
boek (alternative)
boekoe (alternative)

→ Balinese: ᬩᬸᬓᬸ (buku)

→ Petjo: boekoe

→ Sundanese: ᮘᮥᮊᮥ (buku)

From Malay buku, from Dutch boek, from Middle Dutch boec, from Old Dutch buoc, from Proto-Germanic *bōks.


buku

From Malay buku, from Proto-Malayic *buku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bukuh. Semantic loan from Bilba [Term?]. Doublet of wuku.

(anatomy) ellipsis of buku tangan (“knuckle”)


masker

maskêr (canonical)
masker-masker (plural)

From Dutch masker, from Middle French masque (“a covering to hide or protect the face”), from Italian maschera (“mask, disguise”), from (a byform of, see it for more) Medieval Latin masca, mascha.

der

(colloquial) ellipsis of masker wajah (“facial mask”)


pot

From Dutch pot, from Middle Dutch pot, from Proto-Germanic *puttaz (“pot”). Doublet of poci.


sein

From Dutch sein (“signal”), from Old French seigne, a northern variant of signe, from Latin signum. Doublet of sinyal.

ellipsis of lampu sein (“indicator, turn signal”)


visum

From Dutch visum, from Latin visum (“something seen”).

visum et repertum
visum et repertum#Indonesian

(colloquial, medicine, law) ellipsis of visum et repertum (“coroner report/professional witness statement”, literally “seen and discovered”)


Arab

From Malay Arab, from Classical Malay عرب (Arab), from Arabic عَرَب (ʕarab).


angina

From Dutch angina, from Latin angina (“quinsy; strangling, choking”), from angō (“to press together, to choke, to hurt (cause pain)”).

angina pektoris
angina pektoris#Indonesian

(cardiology) ellipsis of angina pektoris (“angina pectoris”)


koko

From Cantonese 哥哥 (go¹⁻⁴ go¹, “older brother”) or Hokkien 哥哥 (ko-ko, “older brother”). Compare English kor kor.


voli

Internationalism, borrowed from English volley, from Middle French volée (“flight”), from Vulgar Latin volta, from Late Latin volatus.

(sports) ellipsis of bola voli (“volleyball”)


pagi

Inherited from Malay pagi. See there for further etymology.


ari

Unknown, probably learned borrowing from Sanskrit हरि (hari, “a snake”).

lbor

ellipsis of ular ari (“a kind of snake”)


dara

From Malay dara, from Proto-Malayic *dara, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀa (“maiden, virgin, unmarried girl”). Compare Tagalog dalaga.


kereta

kêrèta (canonical)
kereta-kereta (plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱers-
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥sós
Proto-Celtic *karros
Gaulish *karrosbor.
Latin carrus
Old Catalan carro
Old Catalan -eta
Old Catalan carretabor.?
Old Galician-Portuguese carreta
Portuguese carretabor.
Malay kereta
Indonesian kereta
From Malay kereta, from Classical Malay كريتا (karĕta), from Portuguese carreta. Compare Tagalog kareta.


telaga

ms-noun

telaga (Jawi spelling تلاݢ, plural telaga-telaga)

Indonesian: telaga

→ Ternate: talaga

First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684AD.

ellipsis of telaga tahi (“water closet, lavatory; toilet”)


inti

(chemistry, nuclear physics) ellipsis of inti atom (“atomic nucleus”)


buaya

From Malay buaya, from Proto-Malayic *buhaya, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buqaya, from Proto-Austronesian *buqaya.

(figurative, slang) ellipsis of buaya darat (“playboy, womanizer”)


alur

Inherited from Malay alur, from Proto-Malayic *halur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaluʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *qaluʀ, from the root *-luʀ.

ellipsis of alur air (“water source located in the middle of agricultural land, i.e. irrigation”)


residen

résidèn (canonical)
residen-residen (plural)

* Inherited from Malay residen, from Dutch resident, from French résident, from Latin residens, residentem.
* For sense of physician receiving specialized medical training, semantic loan from English resident.

ng

dokter residen
dokter residen#Indonesian

(medicine) ellipsis of dokter residen (“a physician receiving specialized medical training”)


rasi

From Malay rasi, from Sanskrit राशि (rāśi), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *rāśíṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *rāćíš, from *rać- (“to bind, tie”).

(astronomy) ellipsis of rasi bintang (“constellation”)


garam

→ Indonesian Bajau: garam

From Malay garam, from Classical Malay garam (“table salt”), from Proto-Malayic *garəm (“grain”). The chemistry sense is a semantic loan from Dutch zout (“salt”).

(cooking) ellipsis of garam dapur (“table salt”)


korek

ellipsis of korek api (“match (device to make fire)”)


soto

From ellipsis of Hokkien 牛草肚 (gû-chháu-tō͘, “beef tripe; rumen”). Compare Tagalog goto.

bor

(cooking) a kind of soup, whose taste depends on the ingredients of the whole dish


buntut

From Malay buntut, from Proto-Malayic *buntut (“butt, posterior, end”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buntut (“rear end of a chicken”). Cognate with Javanese buntut (“tail”) and Tagalog buntot (“tail; butt”).

inh

(gambling) ellipsis of judi buntut (“numbers game; illegal lottery in which people guess the last digits of official lottery winning numbers”)


kelas

kêlas (canonical)
kelas-kelas (plural)
klas (alternative)

From Dutch klas (“classroom”) and klasse (“class”), from French classe, from Middle French classe, from Latin classis. Doublet of klasis. Not inherited from Malay kelas, which is from English class.
* Semantic loan from English class for all senses other than “classroom” and “grade”.

(education) ellipsis of ruang kelas (“classroom, a room, often in a school, where classes take place”)


kelas

From English class, from Middle French classe, from Latin classis.


provisi

From Dutch provisie, from French provision, from Latin prōvīsiō (“preparation, foresight”), from prōvidēre (“provide”).

der

provisi makelar
provisi makelar#Indonesian

(trading) ellipsis of provisi makelar (“commission”), a fee charged by an agent or broker for carrying out a transaction


rapat

rapat-rapat (plural)
rapet (alternative informal)

From Malay rapat, from Old Javanese rapĕt (“close together, tight, closed tight”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *rapət (“join together, attach tightly”).

inh

ellipsis of kayu rapat (“Parameria laevigata”)


krisma

From Late Latin crisma, from Ecclesiastical Latin chrisma, from Ancient Greek χρῖσμα (khrîsma, “anointing”, “unction”), from χρίω (khríō, “anoint”).

der

sakramen krisma
sakramen krisma#Indonesian

(Catholicism) ellipsis of sakramen krisma (“confirmation”)


tegangan

têgangan (canonical)
tegangan-tegangan (plural)

Affixed tegang (“tense”) + -an. Semantic loan from Dutch spanning (“tension, voltage”) for physics, psychology and literature senses, see also the loanword spaning.

sl

tegangan listrik
tegangan listrik#Indonesian

potential difference
potential difference

(physics) ellipsis of tegangan listrik (“potential difference, voltage”)


panti

From Javanese panti (ꦥꦤ꧀ꦠꦶ), from Old Javanese pānti, pantya, panti, paṅkti, from Sanskrit पंथी (paṃthī, “a disciple or follower of any leader in religion”) or पङ्क्ति (paṅkti, “group, collection, company”).


maskapai

Tapi di jalur domestik, maskapai saat ini memiliki sedikitnya enam pesawat.

However, the airline has at least six planes in domestic route.

maskapai penerbangan
maskapai penerbangan#Indonesian

(colloquial) ellipsis of maskapai penerbangan (“airline”, literally “aviation company”)


sandi

From Malay sandi, from Sanskrit सन्धि (sandhi), संधि (saṃdhi). Doublet of sendi.

(computing) ellipsis of kata sandi (“password”)


pondok

→ Hokkien: 盆洛 (phûn-lo̍k)

From Malay pondok, from Classical Malay pondok, from Arabic فُنْدُق (funduq, “hotel”), from Ancient Greek πανδοκεῖον (pandokeîon). The sense “hut” is a semantic loan from Betawi pondok. The sense “Islamic school” is a semantic loan from Javanese ꦥꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦏ꧀ (pondhok).

semantic loan

pondok pesantren
pondok pesantren#Indonesian

(Islam) ellipsis of pondok pesantren (“an Islamic boarding school, primarily teaching Islam and the Qur'an, similar to other Islamic educational institutions, such as madrasah and maktab”)


pesawat

pêsawat (canonical)
pesawat-pesawat (plural)

Affixed peng- + sawat (“rope”), inherited from Malay pesawat, from Classical Malay pesawat (“rope”). Semantic loan from English airplane for engineering sense (compare to Hindi विमान (vimān, “airplane, aircraft, airliner, jet”), Tamil விமானம் (vimāṉam, “airplane; the mount or vehicle of a god”), Sanskrit विमान (vimāna, “airplane, aircraft; a car or chariot of the gods, any mythical self-moving aerial car”, literally “measure”).

ncog

pesawat terbang
pesawat terbang#Indonesian

ellipsis of pesawat terbang (“airplane”)


martabak

From Malay martabak, from Arabic مُطَبَّق (muṭabbaq, “folded”).

martabak manis
martabak manis#Indonesian

(Jakarta) ellipsis of martabak manis (“a common dessert of folded stuffed pancake with varied textures from one that is akin to a crispier form of crumpets to small thin light pancake shells that break when bitten”)


nipis

Ellipsis of jeruk nipis (literally “thin citrus/lemon/orange”).

ellipsis

Citrus medica
Citrus medica#Translingual


bisnis

bisnis-bisnis (plural)
bisnes (alternative Brunei Malaysia Singapore)

From Dutch business, from English business, from Middle English busines, busynes, businesse, bisynes, from Old English bisiġnes (“business, busyness”).

der

kemampuan ukur personel dan sasaran bisnis

siklus keberhasilan dan kegagalan bisnis

sistem informasi bisnis pendukung keputusan

ellipsis of kelas bisnis (“business class”)


mahkota

mahkota-mahkota (plural)
makota (alternative)

From Malay mahkota (compare Javanese ꦩꦏꦸꦛ (makutha)), from Pali makuṭa, from a Dravidian term (compare Tamil முகடு (mukaṭu), Sanskrit मुकुट (mukuṭa, “crown”)).

memahkotai [agent focus + causative benefactive]

(botany) ellipsis of mahkota bunga (“petal, corolla”)


kedokteran

→ Minangkabau: kadotoran

Circumfix of dokter (“doctor; physician”) + ke- -an.

ilmu kedokteran
ilmu kedokteran#Indonesian

ellipsis of ilmu kedokteran (“the study of the cause, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of disease or illness”)


sabu

ellipsis of sabu-sabu (“methamphetamine”)


edaran

something circulated
ellipsis of surat edaran


swatantra

From Javanese ꦱ꧀ꦮꦠꦤ꧀ꦠꦿ (swatantra), from Old Javanese swatantra (“self-dependence, independence”), from Sanskrit स्वतन्त्र (svatantra).

daerah swatantra
daerah swatantra#Indonesian

(dated, historical) ellipsis of daerah swatantra (“autonomous area”)


ekaristi

èkaristi (canonical)
ekaristi-ekaristi (plural)
Ekaristi (alternative)

From Dutch eucharistie, from Old French, from Ecclesiastical Latin eucharistia, from Ancient Greek εὐχαριστία (eukharistía, “gratitude, giving of thanks”).

sakramen ekaristi
sakramen ekaristi#Indonesian

(Christianity) ellipsis of sakramen ekaristi (“The Christian sacrament of Holy Communion”)


akibat

Inherited from Malay akibat, from Classical Malay عاقبة (akibat), from Arabic عَاقِبَة (ʕāqiba, “consequence; obstacle”). Compare Tagalog akibat.

gangguan suasana hati akibat halusinogen

kehilangan pendengaran akibat kebisingan

teorema akibat
teorema akibat#Indonesian

(mathematics, logic) ellipsis of teorema akibat (“corollary”)


pesantren

pêsantrèn (canonical)
pesantren-pesantren (plural)
pesantrian (alternative)

Reconstructed as santri + peng- -an, from Javanese ꦥꦼꦱꦤ꧀ꦠꦿꦺꦤ꧀꧈ ꦥꦱꦤ꧀ꦠꦿꦺꦤ꧀ (pesantrén, pasantrén).

bor

ꦥꦼꦱꦤ꧀ꦠꦿꦺꦤ꧀꧈ ꦥꦱꦤ꧀ꦠꦿꦺꦤ꧀

(Islam) ellipsis of pondok pesantren: an Islamic boarding school, primarily teaching Islam and the Qur'an,


swalayan

From swa- (“self-, auto-”) + layan (“service”), from a calque of Dutch zelfbediening (“self-service”).

calque

pasar swalayan
pasar swalayan#Indonesian

(colloquial) ellipsis of pasar swalayan (“supermarket”, literally “market + self-service”)


sikap

From Javanese ꦱꦶꦏꦼꦥ꧀ (sikep, “to grapple”), from Old Javanese sikĕp (“catching, gripping”), from Proto-Austronesian *sikep (“tight-fitting, of clothing”).


sikap

From Proto-Austronesian *sikep (“hawk”).


lingkungan

inherited from Malay lingkungan, from Classical Malay lingkungan (“area”). Equivalent to lingkungan + -an.
* The sense “environment” is a semantic loan from Dutch omgeving.
* The sense “circle, group” is a semantic loan from Dutch kring. Compare to loanword as Indonesian kring (“subdivision of a parish”).

cog

lingkungan tetangga
lingkungan tetangga#Indonesian

(sociology) ellipsis of lingkungan tetangga (“neighbourhood”)


spesialis

spesialis-spesialis (plural)
Sp. (alternative)

From Dutch specialist, from French spécialiste.

dokter spesialis
dokter spesialis#Indonesian

(medicine, healthcare) ellipsis of dokter spesialis (“specialist”)


kemarau

(colloquial) ellipsis of musim kemarau (“dry season”)


dapet

In the noun sense, likely an ellipsis from earlier dapet menstruasi "get menstruation".


bedah

Inherited from Malay bedah (“cracked; broken; lanced by a surgeon”), from Javanese ꦧꦼꦝꦃ (bedhah, “broken through, ripped open; to be overcome by force”), from Old Javanese bĕḍah (“to break, to burst”).

der

(surgery) ellipsis of ilmu bedah (“surgery (specialisation)”)


pembalut

pembalut wanita
pembalut wanita#Indonesian


pemadam kebakaran

id-noun

pemadam kebakaran (plural pemadam-pemadam kebakaran)

Compound of pemadam (“extinguisher”) + kebakaran (“fire”), calque of Dutch brandblusser (“fire extinguisher”, literally “fire + one who extinguished fires, an extinguisher”).

clq

alat pemadam kebakaran
alat pemadam kebakaran#Indonesian

(colloquial) ellipsis of alat pemadam kebakaran (“fire extinguisher”)


induksi

From Dutch inductie (“induction”), from Middle Dutch inductie, from Middle French induction indirectly or Latin inductiō.

induksi persalinan
induksi persalinan#Indonesian

(obstetrics) ellipsis of induksi persalinan (“labor induction”)


pengantar

kata pengantar
kata pengantar#Indonesian

ellipsis of kata pengantar (“preface, foreword”)


ketela

ketela-ketela (plural)
tela (alternative)

From Portuguese Castela (“Castile”), from Medieval Latin Castella, plural of Latin castellum (“castle, fort, citadel”), diminutive of castrum (“fortress”). Doublet of kastil.

der

tuberous plant
ellipsis of ketela pohon (“cassava”)

ellipsis of ketela rambat (“sweet potato”)


eksakta

ellipsis of ilmu eksakta (“exact science”)


kemenyan

kêmênyan (canonical)
kemenyan-kemenyan (plural)

ellipsis of akar kemenyan (Dioscorea pyrifolia)


pemadam

pêmadam (canonical)
pemadam-pemadam (plural)

ellipsis of pemadam api (“fire extinguisher”)

pemadam kebakaran
pemadam kebakaran#Indonesian

ellipsis of pemadam kebakaran (“firefighter”)


stambul

stambul-stambul (plural)
Stambul (alternative)

Ultimately from Ottoman Turkish استانبول, from corruption of Byzantine Greek εἰς τὴν Πόλιν (eis tḕn Pólin, “to the City”).

εἰς τὴν Πόλιν

komedi stambul
komedi stambul#Indonesian


transkrip

From Dutch transcript, from Latin transcriptum, from transcribere.

transkrip akademik
transkrip akademik#Indonesian

(education) ellipsis of transkrip akademik


rawan

(anatomy) ellipsis of tulang rawan (“cartilage”)


potongan

Affixed potong (“cut”) + -an, inherited from Malay potongan. Replaced Dutch aftrek (“deduction”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.

potongan harga
potongan harga#Indonesian


uduk

Borrowed from Betawi uduk, from Javanese ꦲꦸꦢꦸꦏ꧀, ꦮꦸꦢꦸꦏ꧀ (uduk, wuduk, “fatty, rich”), from Old Javanese wuduk (“fat”).

ꦲꦸꦢꦸꦏ꧀, ꦮꦸꦢꦸꦏ꧀


head

berakit-rakit ke hulu, berenang-renang ke tepian, bersakit-sakit dahulu, bersenang-senang kemudian#Indonesian

ellipsis of berakit-rakit ke hulu, berenang-renang ke tepian, bersakit-sakit dahulu, bersenang-senang kemudian


Mediterania

Mèditêrania (canonical)
Mediterania-Mediterania (plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin mediterranea.

lbor

Laut Mediterania
Laut Mediterania#Indonesian


kerangka

kêrangka (canonical)
kerangka-kerangka (plural)

Affixed rangka (“skeleton”) + ke-, from Malay kerangka.

kerangka kerja
kerangka kerja#Indonesian

ellipsis of kerangka kerja (“framework”)


Penajam

Penajam Paser Utara
Penajam Paser Utara#Indonesian


bagai buah simalakama

bagai bertemu buah simalakama, dimakan mati bapak, tidak dimakan mati ibu#Indonesian

ellipsis of bagai bertemu buah simalakama, dimakan mati bapak, tidak dimakan mati ibu


perminyakan

sakramen perminyakan
sakramen perminyakan#Indonesian

(Catholicism) ellipsis of sakramen perminyakan


perjamuan suci

id-noun

perjamuan suci (plural perjamuan-perjamuan suci)

sakramen ekaristi
sakramen ekaristi#Indonesian

ellipsis of sakramen ekaristi (“The Christian sacrament of Holy Communion”)


pelapor

pelapor pelanggaran
pelapor pelanggaran#Indonesian

ellipsis of pelapor pelanggaran (“whistle-blower”)


henbodi

hénbodi (canonical)
hand body (alternative)

Pseudo-anglicism, derived from hand + body, perhaps an ellipsis from a tagline Hand & Body Lotion on a product.