sound

Pseudo-anglicism. An ellipsis of English sound system.


buku

→ Balinese: ᬩᬸᬓᬸ (buku)

→ Petjo: boekoe

→ Sundanese: ᮘᮥᮊᮥ (buku)

From Malay buku, from Dutch boek, from Middle Dutch boec, from Old Dutch buoc, from Proto-Germanic *bōks.


pot

From Dutch pot, from Middle Dutch pot, from Proto-Germanic *puttaz (“pot”). Doublet of poci.


voli

Internationalism, borrowed from English volley, from Middle French volée (“flight”), from Vulgar Latin volta, from Late Latin volatus.

(sports) Ellipsis of bola voli (“volleyball”).


ari

Unknown, probably learned borrowing from Sanskrit हरि (hari, “a snake”).

lbor

ellipsis of ular ari (“a kind of snake”).


kereta

kêrèta (canonical)
kereta-kereta (plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱers-
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥sós
Proto-Celtic *karros
Gaulish *karrosbor.
Latin carrus
Old Catalan carro
Old Catalan -eta
Old Catalan carretabor.?
Old Galician-Portuguese carreta
Portuguese carretabor.
Malay kereta
Indonesian kereta
From Malay kereta, from Classical Malay [script needed] (karĕta), from Portuguese carreta. Compare Tagalog kareta.


buaya

From Malay buaya, from Proto-Malayic *buhaya, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buqaya, from Proto-Austronesian *buqaya.

(figurative, slang) ellipsis of buaya darat (“playboy, womanizer”).


alur

Inherited from Malay alur, from Proto-Malayic *halur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaluʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *qaluʀ, from the root *-luʀ.

Ellipsis of alur air: water source located in the middle of agricultural land, ie. irrigation.


rasi

From Malay rasi, from Sanskrit राशि (rāśi), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *rāśíṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *rāćíš, from *rać- (“to bind, tie”).

(astronomy) ellipsis of rasi bintang (“constellation”).


korek

ellipsis of korek api (“match (device to make fire)”).


soto

From ellipsis of Hokkien 牛草肚 (gû-chháu-tō͘, “beef tripe; rumen”). Compare Tagalog goto.

bor

(cooking) a kind of soup, whose taste depends on the ingredients of the whole dish.


karbon

* From Dutch carbon (“carbon paper”), from carbonpapier.
* For other senses from carbon paper, semantic loan from Malay karbon and English carbon.

ellipsis of kertas karbon (“carbon paper”).


rapat

From Malay rapat, from Old Javanese rapĕt (“close together, tight, closed tight”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *rapet (“join together, attach tightly”).

inh

ellipsis of kayu rapat (“Parameria laevigata”).


krisma

From Late Latin crisma, from Ecclesiastical Latin chrisma, from Ancient Greek χρῖσμα (khrîsma, “anointing”, “unction”), from χρίω (khríō, “anoint”).

der

(Catholicism) ellipsis of sakramen krisma (“confirmation”): a ceremony of sealing and conscious acknowledgement of the faith in many Christian churches, typically around the ages of 14 to 18.


tegangan

têgangan (canonical)
tegangan-tegangan (plural)

Affixed tegang (“tense”) + -an. Semantic loan from Dutch spanning (“tension, voltage”) for physics, psychology and literature senses, see also the loanword spaning.

sl

tegangan listrik
tegangan listrik#Indonesian

potential difference
potential difference#English

(physics) ellipsis of tegangan listrik (“potential difference, voltage”).


maskapai

Tapi di jalur domestik, maskapai saat ini memiliki sedikitnya enam pesawat.

However, the airline has at least six planes in domestic route.

maskapai penerbangan
maskapai penerbangan#Indonesian

(colloquial) ellipsis of maskapai penerbangan (“airline”, literally “aviation company”).


pondok

→ Hokkien: 盆洛 (phûn-lo̍k)

From Malay pondok, from Classical Malay pondok, from Arabic فُنْدُق (funduq, “hotel”), from Ancient Greek πανδοκεῖον (pandokeîon). The sense “hut” is a semantic loan from Betawi pondok. The sense “Islamic school” is a semantic loan from Javanese ꦥꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦏ꧀ (pondhok).

semantic loan

pondok pesantren
pondok pesantren#Indonesian

(Islam) ellipsis of pondok pesantren.: an Islamic boarding school, primarily teaching Islam and the Qur'an, similar to other Islamic educational institutions, such as madrasah and maktab.


pesawat

pêsawat (canonical)
pesawat-pesawat (plural)

Affixed peng- + sawat (“rope”), inherited from Malay pesawat, from Classical Malay pesawat (“rope”). Semantic loan from English airplane for engineering sense (compare to Hindi विमान (vimān, “airplane, aircraft, airliner, jet”), Tamil விமானம் (vimāṉam, “airplane; the mount or vehicle of a god”), Sanskrit विमान (vimāna, “airplane, aircraft; a car or chariot of the gods, any mythical self-moving aerial car”, literally “measure”).

ncog

pesawat terbang
pesawat terbang#Indonesian

ellipsis of pesawat terbang (“airplane”).


martabak

From Malay martabak, from Arabic مُطَبَّق (muṭabbaq, “folded”).

martabak manis
martabak manis#Indonesian

(Jakarta) ellipsis of martabak manis (“a common dessert of folded stuffed pancake with varied textures from one that is akin to a crispier form of crumpets to small thin light pancake shells that break when bitten”)..


nipis

Ellipsis of jeruk nipis (literally “thin citrus/lemon/orange”).

ellipsis of

Citrus medica
Citrus medica#Translingual


bisnis

From Dutch business, from English business, from Middle English busines, busynes, businesse, bisynes, from Old English bisiġnes (“business, busyness”).

der

kemampuan ukur personel dan sasaran bisnis

siklus keberhasilan dan kegagalan bisnis

sistem informasi bisnis pendukung keputusan

Ellipsis of kelas bisnis (“business class”).


mahkota

From Malay mahkota (compare Javanese ꦩꦏꦸꦛ (makutha)), from Pali makuṭa, from a Dravidian term (compare Tamil முகடு (mukaṭu), Sanskrit मुकुट (mukuṭa, “crown”)).

memahkotai [agent focus + causative benefactive]

(botany) ellipsis of mahkota bunga (“petal, corolla”).


kedokteran

→ Minangkabau: kadotoran

Circumfix of dokter (“doctor; physician”) + ke- -an.

ilmu kedokteran
ilmu kedokteran#Indonesian

ellipsis of ilmu kedokteran (“the study of the cause, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of disease or illness”).


sabu

ellipsis of sabu-sabu (“methamphetamine”).


swatantra

From Javanese ꦱ꧀ꦮꦠꦤ꧀ꦠꦿ (swatantra), from Old Javanese swatantra (“self-dependence, independence”), from Sanskrit स्वतन्त्र (svatantra).

daerah swatantra
daerah swatantra#Indonesian

(dated, historical) ellipsis of daerah swatantra (“autonomous area”).


akibat

Inherited from Malay akibat, from Classical Malay عاقبة (akibat), from Arabic عَاقِبَة (ʕāqiba, “consequence; obstacle”). Compare Tagalog akibat.

gangguan suasana hati akibat halusinogen

kehilangan pendengaran akibat kebisingan

teorema akibat
teorema akibat#Indonesian

(mathematics, logics) ellipsis of teorema akibat (“corollary”): a proposition which follows easily from the statement or proof of another proposition.


pesantren

pêsantrèn (canonical)
pesantren-pesantren (plural)

Reconstructed as santri + peng- -an, from Javanese ꦥꦼꦱꦤ꧀ꦠꦿꦺꦤ꧀꧈ ꦥꦱꦤ꧀ꦠꦿꦺꦤ꧀ (pesantrén, pasantrén).

bor

ꦥꦼꦱꦤ꧀ꦠꦿꦺꦤ꧀꧈ ꦥꦱꦤ꧀ꦠꦿꦺꦤ꧀

(Islam) ellipsis of pondok pesantren.: an Islamic boarding school, primarily teaching Islam and the Qur'an,


spesialis

From Dutch specialist, from French spécialiste.

dokter spesialis
dokter spesialis#Indonesian

(medicine, healthcare) ellipsis of dokter spesialis (“specialist”).: a physician whose practice is limited to a particular branch of medicine or surgery.


kemarau

(colloquial) ellipsis of musim kemarau (“dry season”).


pemadam kebakaran

Compound of pemadam (“extinguisher”) + kebakaran (“fire”), calque of Dutch brandblusser (“fire extinguisher”, literally “fire + one who extinguished fires, an extinguisher”).

clq

alat pemadam kebakaran
alat pemadam kebakaran#Indonesian

fire extinguisher
fire extinguisher#English

(colloquial) ellipsis of alat pemadam kebakaran (“fire extinguisher”).


pengantar

kata pengantar
kata pengantar#Indonesian

ellipsis of kata pengantar (“preface, foreword”).


eksakta

ellipsis of ilmu eksakta (“exact science”).


pemadam

ellipsis of pemadam api (“fire extinguisher”).

pemadam kebakaran
pemadam kebakaran#Indonesian

ellipsis of pemadam kebakaran (“firefighter”).


stambul

Ultimately from Ottoman Turkish استانبول, from corruption of Byzantine Greek εἰς τὴν Πόλιν (eis tḕn Pólin, “to the City”).

der

εἰς τὴν Πόλιν

komedi stambul
komedi stambul#Indonesian


rawan

(anatomy) ellipsis of tulang rawan (“cartilage”).


potongan

Affixed potong (“cut”) + -an, inherited from Malay potongan. Replaced Dutch aftrek (“deduction”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.

potongan harga
potongan harga#Indonesian


uduk

Borrowed from Betawi uduk, from Javanese ꦲꦸꦢꦸꦏ꧀, ꦮꦸꦢꦸꦏ꧀ (uduk, wuduk, “fatty, rich”), from Old Javanese wuduk (“fat”).

ꦲꦸꦢꦸꦏ꧀, ꦮꦸꦢꦸꦏ꧀


head

berakit-rakit ke hulu, berenang-renang ke tepian, bersakit-sakit dahulu, bersenang-senang kemudian#Indonesian

Ellipsis of berakit-rakit ke hulu, berenang-renang ke tepian, bersakit-sakit dahulu, bersenang-senang kemudian.


Mediterania

Mèditêrania (canonical)
Mediterania-Mediterania (plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin mediterranea.

lbor

Laut Mediterania
Laut Mediterania#Indonesian


kerangka

kêrangka (canonical)
kerangka-kerangka (plural)

Affixed rangka (“skeleton”) + ke-, from Malay kerangka.

kerangka kerja
kerangka kerja#Indonesian

ellipsis of kerangka kerja (“framework”).


bagai buah simalakama

bagai bertemu buah simalakama, dimakan mati bapak, tidak dimakan mati ibu#Indonesian

Ellipsis of bagai bertemu buah simalakama, dimakan mati bapak, tidak dimakan mati ibu.