herself

head

herself (the third person singular, feminine, personal pronoun, the reflexive form of she, masculine himself, neuter itself, gender-neutral singular themself or themselves, plural themselves)

en-pron

she (reflexive-of)
himself (masculine)
itself (neuter)
themself (gender-neutral singular)
themselves (gender-neutral singular)
themselves (plural)
Herself (alternative honorific)

From Middle English. Equivalent to her + -self.

What's herself up to this time?

Have you seen herself yet this morning?

(Ireland) The subject or non-reflexive object of a predicate; she (used of upper-class ladies, or sarcastically, of women who imagine themselves to be more important than others)


themselves

head

themselves (third-person, reflexive of they)

same

masculine inanimate and all other genders

mateixos

the persons of unspecified gender previously mentioned, as the object of a verb or following a preposition

The following table shows a list of English personal pronoun

including archaic and dialectal forms. Dialectal and obsolete

archaic forms are in italics. 1 See Appendix:English third-person singular pronouns for attested neopronoun.

They’ve hurt themselves.

They fought among themselves.

They are going to try climbing Mount Everest themselves.

The preposterous altruism too![…]Resist not evil. It is an insane immolation of self—as bad intrinsically as fakirs stabbing themselves or anchorites warping their spines in caves scarcely large enough for a fair-sized dog.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XVI, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

personal pronoun
personal pronoun#English

(reflexive pronoun) The reflexive case of they, the third-person plural personal pronoun. The group of people, animals, or objects previously mentioned, as the object of a verb or following a preposition (also used for emphasis).

сябе́

the reflexive case of they, the third-person plural personal pronoun

Would whoever stole my phone please make themselves known.

I don't want anyone to fight among themselves.

Everyone must do it themselves.

Let nothing be done through strife or vainglory; but in lowliness of mind let each esteem other better than themselves.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Philippians 2:3:

In fact she was so busy doing all the things that anyone might, who finds themselves alone in an empty house, that she did not notice at first when it began to turn dusk and the rooms to grow dim.

1967, Barbara Sleigh, Jessamy, Sevenoaks, Kent: Bloomsbury, published 1993, →ISBN, page 18:

(reflexive pronoun) The reflexive case of they, the third-person singular personal pronoun. The single person previously mentioned, as the object of a verb or following a preposition (also used for emphasis).


thyself

From Middle English thy-selfe, thiself, thi-zelf, from Old English þīnes selfes, equivalent to thy + -self. Compare Middle English thou-self.

Thou hast only thyself to blame.

Thou thyself art to blame.

Physician, heal thyself.

(archaic, literary, dialectal) yourself (as the object of a verb or preposition or as an intensifier); reflexive case of thou


certain

en-adj

certain (comparative more certain or certainer, superlative most certain or certainest)

more certain (comparative)
certainer (comparative)
most certain (superlative)
certainest (superlative)
certaine (alternative obsolete)
certayne (alternative archaic)
certeine (alternative archaic)

From Middle English certeyn, certein, certain, borrowed from Old French certain, from a Vulgar Latin unattested form *certānus, extended form of Latin certus (“fixed, resolved, certain”), of the same origin as cretus, past participle of cernere (“to separate, perceive, decide”). Displaced native Middle English wis, iwis (“certain, sure”) (from Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)) and alternative Middle English spelling sertane (“some, certain”).

بَعْض

not specifically named, indeterminate, indefinite

I would have been here on time, but a certain someone lost the car keys!

(euphemistic, preceded by "a") Used to denote that the speaker is referring to a specific person or thing that they do not want to name directly, implying that the listener should infer the identity of the referent.

certa

in reference to a specific person or thing that the speaker does not want to name directly


no one

no-one (alternative)
noöne (alternative)
noone (alternative)

We went to the store but no one was there.

Sundrie greate perſonages bothe learned and well acquainted with affaires, haue both learnedly, and wiſely written of Politique matters, [...] howbeit there is no one among them all, that hath once buſied himſelfe about the ruling, or direction of the Publique eſtate, in that point, that apperteineth to the vocation of men, [...]

1578, [Pierre de la Place], “That the Vocation of Men, hath beene a Thing Vnknown vnto Philosophers, […]”, in Ægremont Ratcliffe [i.e., Egremont Radcliffe], transl., Politiqve Discourses, Treating of the Differences and Inequalities of Vocations, as well Publique, as Priuate: […], London: […] Edward Aggas, →OCLC, book I, folio 8, recto:

Where Love preſumeth into place, / Let no one ſing in Loves diſgrace.

1684, John Boccacio [i.e., Giovanni Boccaccio], “The Sixth Novel. Sufficiently Declaring, that how Mighty Soever the Power of Love is, yet a Magnanimous and Truly Generous Heart, It Can by No Means Fully Conquer.”, in The Novels and Tales of the Renowned John Boccacio, the First Refiner of Italian Prose: […], 5th edition, London: […] Awnsham Churchill, […], →OCLC, page 437:

Many may boaſt finer eyes, a handſomer mouth, a more commanding figure; but no one can have a better turned ſhape, a fairer complexion, a whiter hand, a more delicate foot, a more benign aſpect, a more bewitching countenance. Without dazzling, ſhe engages, ſhe charms, and no one can tell how.

1763, J[ean-]J[acques] Rousseau, “Book V”, in [William Kenrick], transl., Emilius and Sophia: Or, A New System of Education. […], 2nd edition, volume IV, London: […] T. Becket and P. A. de Hondt […], →OCLC, pages 90–91:

Receive us. We have wronged noöne, we have corrupted noöne, we have taken advantage of noöne.

1848, Jonathan Morgan, transl., The New Testament of Our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. […], stereotype edition, Portland, Or.: S. H. Colesworthy; […], II Corinthians 7:2, page 222, column 2:

'The doctor was confined to the house,' Poole said, 'and saw no one.' On the 15th, he tried again, and was again refused; and having now been used for the last two months to see his friend almost daily, he found this return of solitude to weigh upon his spirits.

1886 January 5, Robert Louis Stevenson, “Remarkable Incident of Doctor Lanyon”, in Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC, pages 55–56:

Thus, when he drew up instructions in lawyer language, he expressed the important words by an initial, a medial, or a final consonant, and made scratches for all the words between. His clerks, however, understood him very well. If he had written a love letter or a farce, or a ballade or a story, no one—neither clerks nor friends nor compositors—would have understood anything but a word here and a word there.

1892, Walter Besant, “Prologue: Who is Edmund Gray?”, in The Ivory Gate […], New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC, page 6:

The story struck the depressingly familiar note with which true stories ring in the tried ears of experienced policemen. No one queried it. It was in the classic pattern of human weakness, mean and embarrassing and sad.

1963, Margery Allingham, “Eye Witness”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC, page 249:

However, the transcendence of 2#92;sqrt#123;2#125; was so difficult a problem that noöne in the audience would live to see its solution. Within a few years, [Carl Ludwig] Siegel had proven this transcendence!

1991, Craig Smoryński, “Weak Formal Theories of Arithmetic”, in Logical Number Theory I: An Introduction (Universitext), Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, →DOI, →ISBN, page 269:

And why has no one in the [rail] industry advocated for a universal requirement for face covering (even if it's just a scarf or old tea towel), [...]

2020 June 3, Christian Wolmar, “Unworkable Policies Cripple Our Beleaguered Railway”, in Rail, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire: Bauer Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 51:

Used in contrast to anyone, someone or everyone: not one person; nobody.


everyone

From Middle English everichon. By surface analysis, every + one.

every one (alternative)
arrywun (alternative)

She was really hungry, so the chicken and tarts served to divert her attention for a time. It was well I secured this forage; or both she, I and Sophie, to whom I conveyed a share of our repast, would have run a chance of getting no dinner at all: every one down stairs was too much engaged to think of us.

1847 October 16, Currer Bell [pseudonym; Charlotte Brontë], chapter II, in Jane Eyre. An Autobiography. […], volume II, London: Smith, Elder, and Co., […], →OCLC, page 32:

Everyone’s heart palpitated as Leo Dillon handed up the paper and everyone assumed an innocent face.

1904–1907 (date written), James Joyce, “An Encounter”, in Dubliners, London: Grant Richards, published June 1914, →OCLC, page 22:

Hello, everyone!

2016, VOA Learning English (public domain), archived from the original on 2017-09-30:


someone

From Middle English sum on, sum one, sum oon, equivalent to some + one.

Can someone help me, please?

Can you get me someone more knowledgeable?

One or some person of unspecified or indefinite identity.

Some translation dictionaries have used the abbreviation s.o.


From Middle English none, noon, non (“not one”), from Old English nān (“not one, not any, none”), from Proto-West Germanic *nain, from Proto-Germanic *nainaz (“none, nought, nothing”), equivalent to ne (“not”) + one. (Regarding the different phonological development of only and one, see the note in one.)
Cognate with Scots nane (“none”), Saterland Frisian naan, neen (“no, not any, none”), West Frisian neen & gjin (“no, none”), Dutch neen & geen (“no, none”), Low German nēn, neen, keen (“no, none, no one”), German nein & kein (“no, none”), Latin nōn (“not”).

inh

(relevant negative verb + man (+ann/idir)) can be used

(relevant negative verb + relevant noun (+ann/idir)) can be used

there are none so blind as those who will not see

there's none so blind as those who will not see

None of those people is my father.

Not any of a given number or group.
No one, nobody.

None of those people are my parents. None shall pass.

Alas, none of these people were writing the reviews.

2006, Clive James, North Face of Soho, page 253:

Not any of a given number or group.
No person.

None of those is a good example. None are even acceptable.

None of this meat tastes right.


Thou shalt have none other gods but me.

the foles toke their lampes, but toke none oyle with them.

1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Matthew:

None lasses were in the dunces' row. If one had been there people would have looked at her and felt sorry but not boys.

2008, James Kelman, Kieron Smith, Boy, Penguin, published 2009, page 138:

(archaic outside Scotland, West Country) Not any; no (usually used only before a vowel or h):


He was none too pleased with the delays in the program that was supposed to be his legacy.

We could hear none too well from the back.


somebody

some body (alternative obsolete)
some-body (alternative obsolete)
somebuddy (alternative pronunciation-spelling)
sombuddy (alternative pronunciation-spelling)
sombudy (alternative pronunciation-spelling)
sumbody (alternative pronunciation-spelling)
sumbuddy (alternative pronunciation-spelling)
sby (alternative abbreviation)
sb (alternative abbreviation)

Somebody has to clean this mess up.

e.g. سَأَلَ سائِلٌ (saʔala sāʔilun, “somebody asked”, literally “an asker asked”)


nobody

From Middle English nobody, no-body, no body. By surface analysis, no (“none, not any”, adjective) + body (“one, person, individual”).

surf

no body (alternative obsolete)
nobuddy (alternative pronunciation-spelling)
nobudy (alternative pronunciation-spelling)

I asked several people, but nobody knew how.

As nobody who is not blind can have failed to notice, I had my hair cut just yesterday.

Nobody phoned, did they?

Not any person; the logical negation of somebody.

it's an ill wind that blows nobody any good

nobody ever went broke underestimating the good taste of the American people

nobody ever went broke underestimating the good taste of the American public

nobody ever went broke underestimating the intelligence of the American people

nobody ever went broke underestimating the intelligence of the American public

nobody ever went broke underestimating the taste of the American people

nobody ever went broke underestimating the taste of the American public

on the Internet nobody knows you're a dog


many

head

many (comparative more, superlative most)

more (comparative)
most (superlative)
manie (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English many, mani, moni, from Old English maniġ, moniġ, maneġ (“many”), from Proto-West Germanic *manag, from Proto-Germanic *managaz (“some, much, many”).
Cognates
Cognate with Scots mony (“many”), North Frisian manag, manig, mäning (“many”), Saterland Frisian monig, moonich (“many”), West Frisian mannich, mennich (“some, many”), Dutch menig (“many”), Low German männig (“many”), German manch, mannig- (“many, some”), Old Norse mangr, Norwegian mang, Swedish mången, Danish mangen, French maint (“many”), Russian мно́гий (mnógij), Serbo-Croatian and Polish mnogi, Czech mnohý, Scottish Gaelic minig
The noun is from Middle English manye, *menye, from Old English manigeo, menigu (“company, multitude, host”), from Proto-West Germanic *managu, *managī, from Proto-Germanic *managō, *managį̄ (“multitude”), from the same root as the determiner. Cognate with Middle Low German menige, menie, menje (“multitude”), Russian много (mnogo), Serbo-Croatian mnogo.

inh

there's many a good tune played on an old fiddle

there's many a slip between the cup and the lip

there's many a slip twixt the cup and the lip

Not many such people enjoyed playing chess.

There are very many different ways to cook a meal.

Thou shalt be a father of many nations.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 17:4:

I did it in a moment of conceit and folly—one of my many such moments—one of my many such hours—years.

1864–65, Charles Dickens, chapter 15, in Our Mutual Friend:

Investors face a quandary. Cash offers a return of virtually zero in many developed countries; government-bond yields may have risen in recent weeks but they are still unattractive. Equities have suffered two big bear markets since 2000 and are wobbling again. It is hardly surprising that pension funds, insurers and endowments are searching for new sources of return.

2013 July 6, “The rise of smart beta”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8843, page 68:

before a countable noun: A large, indefinite number of.

We don't need this many bananas. Put some back.

There may be as many as ten million species of insect.

I don't have as many friends as my sister does.

before a countable noun: (in combinations such as 'as many', 'so many', 'this many') Used to indicate, demonstrate or compare the number of people or things.


many

manies (plural rare)
manie (alternative obsolete)

Democracy must balance the rights of the few against the will of the many.

A multitude; a great aggregate; a mass of people; the generality; the common herd.

I know that my mother cried a many of times from decisions I made.

2005, Florence Dyer, A Mother's Cry!: Touches the Very Heart of God, page 22:


e

head

e (third-person singular, nominative case, accusative em, possessive adjective eir, possessive noun eirs, reflexive emself)

em (accusative)
eir (adjective possessive)
eirs (noun possessive)
emself (reflexive)

From a deliberate apheresis of both he and she.

E invites em to consider how ey represent emselves^([sic]), and in so doing, e focuses eir attention on the ethics that make human relations possible.

2000, Jane Love, “Ethics, Plugged and Unplugged: The Pegagogy of Disorderly Conduct”, in James A. Inman, Donna N. Sewell, editors, Taking flight with OWLs: Examining Electronic Writing Center Work, Taylor & Francis, →ISBN, →OL, LCC PE1414.T24 1999, page 193:

Empre waded out to help them cross the last stretch. More people, a few hundred, perhaps, had gathered along the shore. One of them came running at Melu with a cry—she threw up her arms in defense. But it was Aeran, only Aeran. E seized Asu and clasped her close, eir eyes closed tightly as e sobbed eir relief.

2023, Aimee Ogden, “A Half-Remembered World”, The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, vol. 145, no. 1-2, whole no. 768 (July/August 2023), pages 146-202

(rare, epicene, nonstandard) A gender-neutral third-person singular subject pronoun, equivalent to the singular they and coordinate with gendered pronouns he and she.


u

u (lower case, upper case U, plural us or u's)

From Middle English lower case letter v (also written u), from Old English lower case u, from 7th century replacement by lower case u of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᚢ (u, ur), derived from Raetic letter u.
Before the 1700s, the pointed form v was written at the beginning of a word, while a rounded form u was used elsewhere, regardless of sound. So whereas valor and excuse appeared as in modern printing, have and upon were printed haue and vpon. Eventually, in the 1700s, to differentiate between the consonant and vowel sounds, the v form was used to represent the consonant, and u the vowel sound. v then preceded u in the alphabet, but the order has since reversed.

I prefer the u in Arial to the one in Times New Roman.

The twenty-first letter of the English alphabet, called u and written in the Latin script.


yon

From Middle English yon, from Old English ġeon, from Proto-Germanic *jainaz. Cognate with German jener.

As soon as old Andrew came home, his wife and he, as was natural, instantly began to converse on the events of the preceding night; and in the course of their conversation Andrew said, "Gudeness be about us' Jean, was not yon an awfu' speech o' our bairn's to young Jock Allanson last night?"

(dated or dialectal) That one or those over there.


hem

From Middle English hem, hemm, in turn from Old English hem, of West Germanic origin, from Proto-West Germanic *hammjan. Related to Middle High German hemmen (“to hem in”), Old Norse hemja (“to hem in, restrain”); outside of Germanic, to Armenian քամել (kʻamel, “to press, wring”), Russian ком (kom, “lump”).
The verb is from Middle English hemmen, from Old English hemman, from Proto-Germanic *hamjaną, or alternatively derived from the noun.

cog

(sewing) The border of an article of clothing doubled back and stitched together to finish the edge and prevent it from fraying.


ich

From Middle English ich, from Old English iċ, iċċ (“I”, pronoun), from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ik, *ek (“I”, pronoun), from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂ (“I”). See also ch-, I.

Iche (alternative)
che (alternative)
'ch- (alternative)
ch- (alternative)

"Behold," she sayd, "and se How bright I am of ble! Ich am not cast away, That can my husband say, [...]"

My maysters, ich am an old man, and halfe blinde, […]

1561, John Awdelay, The fraternitye of vacabondes:

With cap and knee, ich will serve thee, what should ich more declare.

Kissyng and lying ich see is all one:
And chave no mony, chul tell true therfore.

1578, George Whetstone, The right, excellent and famous Historye of Promos and Cassandra:

Dost thinke 'chill labor to be poore, No no, ich haue a-doe..Ich will a plundering too.

1645, Thomas Davies, The Somersetshire Man's Complaint:

Ich, a Word us'd for I in the Weſtern Parts of England.

[1706, Edward Phillips, compiler, J[ohn] K[ersey the younger], “Ich”, in The New World of Words: Or, Universal English Dictionary. […], 6th edition, London: […] J. Phillips, […]; N. Rhodes, […]; and J. Taylor, […], →OCLC, column 2:


aa

a'a (alternative)
'a'a (alternative)
'a'ā (alternative)
a-a (alternative)
a aa (alternative)
a-aa (alternative)

We...saw ‘pahoihoi’ or solid lava forming, and also ‘aa’ or clinkers.

1859, R. C. Haskell, American journal of science and arts, series XXVIII:

Cooling and solidification frequently takes a different course [...] in lava flows, producing the clinker-like ‘aa’ lava.

1944, Charles A. Cotton, Volcanoes as landscape forms:

Both pahoehoe and aa lava flows are common on the upper slopes of Mauna Loa with a preponderance of aa flows found at the lower elevations.

1981, Hilo Lava Flood Control: Environmental Impact Statement, page 194:

(volcanology) A form of lava flow associated with Hawaiian-type volcanoes, consisting of basaltic rock, usually dark-colored with a jagged and loose, clinkery surface. Compare pahoehoe.

aälawa

a form of lava flow associated with Hawaiian-type volcanoes


wee

en-adj

wee (comparative weer, superlative weest)

From Middle English wey, weygh, wegh, weȝe, wæȝe (“little bit”), from Old English wǣġ, wǣġe (“weight”), from Proto-West Germanic *wāgu, from Proto-Germanic *wēgō (“scales, weight”) and *wēgǭ (“weight”), related to Middle English weġan (“to move, weigh”) (15c).

You looked a little cold, so I lit a wee fire.

The beat of its wee heart held against her own, sent her intense maternity surging like the spring sap in a young tree.

1907, Barbara Baynton, edited by Sally Krimmer and Alan Lawson, Human Toll (Portable Australian Authors: Barbara Baynton), St Lucia: University of Queensland Press, published 1980, page 275:

I had not seen a wee boy do it like that before. He was weer than me and his swimming was just like splashing about.

2008, James Kelman, Kieron Smith, Boy, Penguin, published 2009, page 73:

(Scotland, Ireland, Northern England, New Zealand, Ottawa Valley, Mid-Ulster) Small, little.


ah

head

ah (personal pronoun, plural we, possessive adjective mah)

From Middle English ah, aa, a (“ah”), of imitative origin, or from Old English ēa, *eah (“oh, alas”), from Proto-West Germanic *a, *ah (“ah”). Earliest recorded use is circa 1175 in the Ormulum: A, Maȝȝstre! icc wat tatt tu full wiss Arrt Godess Sune ("Ah, Master! I know for sure that thou art God's Son"). Some propose that the Middle English is borrowed from Old French a (“ah!, oh!, hey!”) (represented by modern French ah).
Compare also West Frisian a, ah (“ah”), Dutch a, ah (“ah”), Middle Low German a (“ah”), Old High German a, aa, ah (“ah, oh”) (whence modern German ah), Faroese áh (“oh, ah, alas”), Icelandic æ, ai (“ah, oh”), Latin ah (“ah”).

onomatopoeic

imitative origin

Pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling

Pronunciation spelling of I, most often indicating that the speaker is using a Scottish or American (particularly Southern) accent.


TM

en-noun

TM (countable and uncountable, plural TMs)

translation memory
translation memory#English

(translation studies) Initialism of translation memory.

transverse myelitis
w:transverse myelitis


em

head

em (third-person singular, gender-neutral, objective case, reflexive emself, possessive adjective eir, possessive pronoun eirs)

en-pron

emself (reflexive)
eir (adjective possessive)
eirs (possessive pronoun without-noun)

Coined by Christine M. Elverson by removing the "th" from them, perhaps influenced by the pre-existing em/'em, now often perceived as apheretic forms of them (though originally unrelated).

etymid

novel pronoun proposed by Christine M. Elverson, similar to apheresis of _them_

If the author uses such notation, it should be up to Em to indicate Eir intentions clearly, but there’s no harm checking first.

1986 April 1, Michael Spivak, The Joy of TeX: A Gourmet Guide to Typesetting with the AMS-TeX macro package, Providence: American Mathematical Society, →ISBN, →LCCN, LCC Z253.4.T47 S673 1986, page 68:

I may become quite intimate with someone, spend hours with em every night, and yet not have the slightest idea what eir voice sounds like, or what eir RL body looks, feels, and smells like.

1997, Steven Shaviro, Doom Patrols : A Theoretical Fiction About Postmodernism, London: Serpent's Tail, →ISBN, →LCCN, page 138:

E invites em to consider how ey represent emselves^([sic]), and in so doing, e focuses eir attention on the ethics that make human relations possible.

2000, Jane Love, “Ethics, Plugged and Unplugged: The Pegagogy of Disorderly Conduct”, in James A. Inman, Donna N. Sewell, editors, Taking flight with OWLs: Examining Electronic Writing Center Work, Taylor & Francis, →ISBN, LCC PE1414.T24 1999, page 193:

And ultimately: I think my readers are mature enough that knowing eir assigned gender is not going to give them an “excuse” to misgender em.

2011 March 15, RJ Edwards, “89: New Friend”, in Riot Nrrd, retrieved 2012-10-06:

“You idiot girl! Are you childsick?” She grabbed Asu’s wrist; Asu made no effort to twist away. “Sand and soil, tell me you’re not pregnant. Is it that—what’s eir name? Aeran? Have you lain with em? Tell me!”

(rare, nonstandard) A gender-neutral third-person singular object pronoun, the objective case of ey or e, equivalent to the singular them and coordinate with him and her.


co

head

co (third-person singular, gender-neutral, reflexive coself)

Federation of Egalitarian Communities
co

Coined by feminist writer Mary Orovan in 1970; in common usage in intentional communities of the Federation of Egalitarian Communities.

coinage

Co consistently does less than cos share of the Community work. 4. Co absents coself from the Community for more than three weeks [...]

1983, Ingrid Komar, Living the Dream: A Documentary Study of Twin Oaks Community:

At the very least, an individual might have to use different terms to describe coself in a heterosexual context than co uses in a sexual minority context [...]

1996, Brett Beemyn, Mickey Elianon, Queer studies: a lesbian, gay, bisexual, & transgender anthology, page 74:

A youngster of my own introduction had been rejected by an object of preadolescent craving and had killed coself by leaping at the ceiling of co's quarters. Co was a rising Large Game star, her spring was powerful, our gravity flux was low - co's head struck the surface with enough force to kill on impact.

2004 April 1, Pieira dos Lobos, “Fern's Story two”, in alt.magick.serious (Usenet):

(nonstandard) Gender-neutral subject pronoun, coordinate with gendered pronouns he and she.

(nonstandard) Gender-neutral object pronoun, coordinate with gendered pronouns him and her.


pers

(rare, nonstandard) That which belongs to per, theirs (singular): possessive case of per, used in place of a noun.


SO

second-order logic
second-order logic#English

(logic, computer science) Initialism of second-order logic.

(chemistry) Abbreviation of singlet oxygen.


der

(dated outside Australia) Disdainful indication that something is obvious.

`Sprung!' cried Jeff Basin, the local dubbo. 'Oh, der,' moaned Boardie sarcastically.

1979, Gabrielle Carey, Kathy Lette, Puberty Blues, page 46:

(dated outside Australia) Indication of stupidity.


der

Nonstandard spelling of there, reflecting any of a variety of accents with th-stopping.


nothing

From Middle English nothyng, noon thing, non thing, na þing, nan thing, nan þing, from Old English nāþing, nān þing (“nothing”, literally “not any thing”), equivalent to no + thing. Compare Old English nāwiht (“nothing”, literally “no thing”), Swedish ingenting (“nothing”, literally “not any thing, no thing”).

cog

nuffin (alternative)
nuffink (alternative)
nuttin (alternative)
nuttin' (alternative)
nuthin (alternative)
nuthin' (alternative)
nuthing (alternative)
nothin' (alternative)
nothink (alternative)

Don't just say nothing. Tell me what's going on.

Nothing bad will happen, will it?

There remains nothing more to be done.

the players see little or nothing of their cards at first starting

1839, Charles Dickens, Nicholas Nickleby:

Nothing was too small to receive attention, if a supervising eye could suggest improvements likely to conduce to the common welfare. Mr. Gordon Burnage, for instance, personally visited dust-bins and back premises, accompanied by a sort of village bailiff, going his round like a commanding officer doing billets.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XIX, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

Imagine a country where children do nothing but play until they start compulsory schooling at age seven. Then, without exception, they attend comprehensives until the age of 16. Charging school fees is illegal, and so is sorting pupils into ability groups by streaming or setting.

2013 July 19, Peter Wilby, “Finland spreads word on schools”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 30:

non + verb + niente (literally “not + verb + nothing”)


wat

There are two wats near this village.

Angkor Wat

Having at last got past the crowd of boats, we advanced rapidly for two hours more, when we stopped at a wat, in order to give the men a rest.

1857, Sir John Bowring, The kingdom and people of Siam, volume 1, page 165:

Aside from its religious function in the community, the wat also performs a large variety of social functions.

1982, Carlo Caldarola, Religions and societies, Asia and the Middle East, page 379:

It would be a mistake, however, to emphasize the Hindu element in Cambodian Buddhism and Cambodian temples. At its greatest it is always a subordinate element and in most of the wats or temples it hardly appears at all, […]

1996, James Bissett Pratt, The Pilgrimage of Buddhism and a Buddhist Pilgrimage, page 194:

It is often possible to discern the motivation or importance of a wat by examining its name

1999, Steve Van Beek with Luca Invernizzi, The arts of Thailand, page 15:

The ubosoth is in a small enclosure just before the main entrance to the wat, on the right, which has fine gilded doors. The wat has a small museum.

2003, Joshua Eliot with Jane Bickersteth, Thailand handbook, page 268:

A Buddhist temple in Southeast Asia, especially those in Thailand, Laos and Cambodia.


something

Tok Pisin: samting

→ Korean: 썸팅 (sseomting)

From Middle English somþyng, some-thing, som thing, sum thinge, sum þinge, from Old English sum þing (literally “some thing”), equivalent to some + thing. Compare Old English āwiht (“something”, literally “some thing, any thing”), Swedish någonting (“something”, literally “some thing, any thing”).

somthing (alternative obsolete)
sumthing (alternative pronunciation-spelling)
sumn (alternative pronunciation-spelling)
sumting (alternative pronunciation-spelling)
sumthang (alternative pronunciation-spelling)
sumfink (alternative pronunciation-spelling)
sth (alternative abbreviation)
sth. (alternative abbreviation)
sthg (alternative abbreviation)
smtg (alternative abbreviation)
smth (alternative abbreviation)
smtn (alternative abbreviation)

look like something the cat's dragged in

something is rotten in the state of Denmark

there is something rotten in the state of Denmark

I must have forgotten to pack something, but I can't think what.

I have something for you in my bag.

I have a feeling something good is going to happen today.

The answer to four down is P something T something Y.

She looked thirty-something. (anything from thirty-one to thirty-nine years old)

Seeing the British establishment struggle with the financial sector is like watching an alcoholic who still resists the idea that something drastic needs to happen for him to turn his life around.

2013 June 28, Joris Luyendijk, “Our banks are out of control”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 3, page 21:

An uncertain or unspecified thing; one thing.

She has a certain something.

(colloquial, of a person) A talent or quality that is difficult to specify.


something

The baby looks something like his father.

Angelo. Yet giue leaue (my Lord,)
That we may bring you something on the way

c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Measure for Measure”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:

I miss them something terrible/rotten. (I miss them terribly)

You can't thrash when you have rheumatic fever – though you want to something awful, Mrs. White says.

1913, Eleanor H. Porter, Pollyanna, L.C. Page, →OCLC:

Seeing him here, though, I all of a sudden feel more like I been gone from home three years, instead of three weeks, and I miss my people something fierce.

1994 Summer, Rebecca T. Goodwin, “Keeper of the house”, in Paris Review, volume 36, number 131, page 161:

And then she put the coffin right out on her front porch. Jim told everyone he'd built it kind of roomy since Bobby Lee was on the stout side, but that it better get used quick because sycamore tends to warp something terrible.

2001 January, Susan Schorn, “Bobby Lee Carter and the hand of God”, in U.S. Catholic, volume 66, number 1, page 34:

(colloquial, especially in certain set combinations) Used to adverbialise a following adjective


dis

In Norway the Dîsir appear to have been held in great veneration.

1851, Benjamin Thorpe, Northern Mythology, E Lumley, page 116:

A number of places in Norway and Sweden were also named after the Disir

1993, Hilda Ellis Davidson, The Lost Beliefs of Northern Europe, Routledge, page 113:

Bard had prepared a feast for him, because a sacrifice was being made to the disir.

1997, ‘Egil's Saga’, translated by Bernard Scudder, The Sagas of Icelanders, Penguin, published 2001, page 67:

(Norse mythology) Any of a group of minor female deities in Scandinavian folklore.


sie

head

sie (third person singular, gender-neutral, nominative case, accusative sir, possessive adjective hir, possessive noun hirs, reflexive hirself)

en-pron

sir (accusative)
hir (adjective possessive)
hirs (noun possessive)
hirself (reflexive)
shi (alternative)

If the child is about the intellectual equal of the parent, sie will eventually start holding hir own in discussions, […]

1993 September 24, Alex Martelli, “punishment vs ethics (was Re: Discipline my daughters)”, in alt.sex.bondage (Usenet):

"You must be Ash," sie said, hir voice a shade deeper than Amaranth's.

2010 September 16, Jessica Freely, Amaranth and Ash, La Vergne: Lightning Source, →ISBN, page 101:

Sie may feel that hir actual identity of hir gender is supposed to be both/neither male or female, outside of gender, third gender, beyond gender, absence of gender, mixing gender, changing gender, or all genders.

2011 May 19, Ken Wickham, The Other Genders: Androgyne, Genderqueer, Non-Binary Gender Variant, CreateSpace, →ISBN, page 7:

When I asked hir about hir preferred self-identification in this scene, sie offered me this language, 'sie sharply performs the hotness of teasing all the audience from the edge-space of androgyny.'

2011 August 16, Petra Kuppers, Disability Culture and Community Performance: Find a Strange and Twisted Shape, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, →ISBN, →LCCN, LCC PN1590.H36 K87 2011, page 18:

(rare, nonstandard) Gender-neutral subject pronoun, grammatically equivalent to the gendered pronouns he and she


more

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

non-rhotic, dough-door merger, African-American Vernacular

From Middle English more, from Old English māra (“more”), from Proto-West Germanic *maiʀō, from Proto-Germanic *maizô (“more”), from Proto-Indo-European *mē- (“many”).
Cognate with Scots mair (“more”), Saterland Frisian moor (“more”), West Frisian mear (“more”), Dutch meer (“more”), Low German mehr (“more”), German mehr (“more”), Danish mere (“more”), Swedish mera (“more”), Norwegian Bokmål mer (“more”), Norwegian Nynorsk meir (“more”), Icelandic meiri, meira (“more”).

mo (alternative)
mo' (alternative)
moar (alternative)

Than was there pees betwyxte thys erle and thys Aguaurs, and grete surete that the erle sholde never warre agaynste hym more.

1470–1485 (date produced), Thomas Malory, “Capitulum ii”, in [Le Morte Darthur], book XV, [London: […] by William Caxton], published 31 July 1485, →OCLC; republished as H[einrich] Oskar Sommer, editor, Le Morte Darthur […], London: David Nutt, […], 1889, →OCLC:

(now poetic) In negative constructions: any further, any longer; any more.

I was more better at English than you.

(now dialectal, humorous or proscribed) Used in addition to an inflected comparative form.


little

en-adj

little (comparative less or lesser or littler, superlative least or littlest)

less (comparative)
lesser (comparative)
littler (comparative)
least (superlative)
littlest (superlative)

→ Jamaican Creole: likl, likkle

From Middle English litel, from Old English lyttel, lȳtel, from Proto-West Germanic *lūtil, from Proto-Germanic *lūtilaz (“tending to stoop, crouched, little”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewd- (“to bend, bent, small”), equivalent to lout + -le. Cognate with Dutch luttel, regional German lütt and lützel, Saterland Frisian litje, West Frisian lyts, Low German lütt, lüttje. Related also to Old English lūtan (“to bow, bend low”); and perhaps to Old English lytiġ (“deceitful”), Gothic 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍄𐍃 (liuts, “deceitful”); compare also Icelandic lítill (“little”), Faroese lítil, Swedish liten, Danish liden, lille, Gothic 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌹𐌻𐍃 (leitils), which appear to have a different root vowel. More at lout.

der

a foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds

a little from column A and a little from column B

Little Steel

smaller steel companies, as contrasted with Big Steel

Little Science

science performed by individuals or small teams, as contrasted with Big Science

(of an industry or other field, or institution(s) therein, often capitalized) Operating on a small scale.


little

en-noun

little (countable and uncountable, plural littles)

I go up for my Little tomorrow.

Ellipsis of little go (“type of examination”).


dem

Love tenderness is what the woman dem want

1956, “Give Her Love”, performed by Chin’s Calypso Sextet:

Chillin' wiv da man dem
Jammin' wiv da man dem
It's all good in the hood wiv da man dem

2009, Dizzee Rascal, Chillin' Wiv Da Man Dem:

I’ve got my peeps dem with me shouting pull up your socks,
Cos we just broke the law and now we're running from cops.

(Caribbean, Jamaica, MLE, slang) (clitic, suffix) A group of.


per

From Latin per (“through, during”), from Proto-Indo-European *per. Doublet of par.

I parked my car at the curb per your request.

Implement a program that computes the approximate grade level needed to comprehend some text, per the below.

Note that while the walkthrough illustrates that words may be separated by more than one space, you may assume, per the specifications above, that no sentences will contain more than one space in a row.


per

head

per (third-person singular, gender-neutral, nominative case, accusative per, possessive adjective pers, possessive noun pers, reflexive perself)

en-pron

per (accusative)
pers (adjective possessive)
pers (noun possessive)
perself (reflexive)

Shortening of person, coined by Marge Piercy in Woman on the Edge of Time (1979)

This is the same place the Houghtons came from? The place where someone we interacted with thought of going into law as a profession, decided per couldn't because per was a bdsmer, and most of the USAmerican bdsmers per was discussing it with agreed with per?

1997 April 22, Anthony and Joy Hilbert, “ASB: Info PDQ please re local group rules”, in alt.sex.bondage (Usenet):

(rare, nonstandard) They (singular). Gender-neutral neologistic third-person singular subject pronoun, coordinate with gendered pronouns he and she.

"Kalypso!" I call out as phe disappears on the horizon. I did not know it, but I loved per.

1998, Katherine Phelps, “Odysseus, She”, in Storytronics:

Whereas Christie had flirted with a lesbian identity prior to surgery, following surgery Christie found perself able to pursue per attraction to men, provided they related to per as a non-gendered person.

2006 November 15, Richard Ekins, Dave King, The transgender phenomenon, Sage Publications, →ISBN, →LCCN, LCC HQ77.9.E55 2006, page 160:

(rare, nonstandard) Them (singular) Neologistic gender-neutral third-person singular object pronoun, suggested for use in place of him and her.


same

From Middle English same, from Old Norse samr (“same”) and/or Old English same, sama (“same”) in the phrase swā same (swā) (“in like manner, in the same way (as)”), both from Proto-Germanic *samaz (“same”), from Proto-Indo-European *somHós (“same”). Doublet of -some, some.
Cognate with Scots samin (“same, like, together”), Dutch samen (“together”), Danish samme (“same”), Swedish samma (“same”), Norwegian Bokmål samme (“same”), Norwegian Nynorsk same (“same”), Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌼𐌰 (sama), a weak adjectival form, Ancient Greek ὁμός (homós, “same”), Old Irish som, Russian са́мый (sámyj), Sanskrit सम (samá), Persian هم (ham, “also, same”), Finnish sama (“same”), Estonian sama (“same”).

get glad in the same britches one got mad in

get glad in the same pants one got mad in

lightning does not strike twice in the same place

lightning doesn't strike twice in the same place

lightning never strikes twice in the same place

you cannot put the same shoe on every foot

I realised I was the same age as my grandfather had been when he joined the air force.

Even if the twins are identical, they are still not the same person, unlike Mark Twain and Samuel Clemens.

Peter and Anna went to the same high school: the high school to which Peter went is the high school to which Anna went.

Our space may be really same (of equal curvature), but its degree of curvature may change as a whole with the time.

1885, William Kingdon Clifford, chapter IV, in The Common Sense of the Exact Sciences:

I liked the man for his own sake, and even had he promised to turn out a celebrity it would have had no weight with me. I look upon notoriety with the same indifference as on the buttons on a man's shirt-front, or the crest on his note-paper.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

If two persons bore the same name, and confusion was likely to be caused, ambiguity was avoided by adding the name of the father […]

1945, E[lizabeth] G[idley] Withycombe, “Introduction”, in The Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page xiii:

Not different or other; not another or others; not different as regards self; selfsame; identical.

dieselfde

not different as regards self; identical

Round here it can be cloudy and sunny even in the same day.

We were all going in the same direction.

Used to express the unity of an object or person which has various different descriptions or qualities.


same

My picture/photography blog...kindly give me your reviews on the same.

(India, common) It or them, as above, meaning the last object mentioned, mainly as complement: on the same, for the same.


same

(Internet slang) Indicates approval or agreement with the previous material, especially in reference to the previous speaker's viewpoint.


som

Kyrgyzstani som
Som (currency)
Uzbekistani sum


nun

From Middle English nonne, nunne, from Old English nunne (“nun”), from Late Latin nonna (“nun, tutor”), originally (along with masculine form nonnus (“man”)) a term of address for elderly persons, perhaps from children's speech, reminiscent of nana, like papa etc. Doublet of nonna.

onomatopoeic

children's speech

Thus, when the nuns came to the mission and we saw that instead of murmuring soft blessings and gliding seraphically over the grass in diaphanous habits, they wore smart blouses and skirts and walked, laughed and talked in low twanging tones very much like our own American missionaries did, we were very disappointed.

1988, Tsitsi Dangarembga, Nervous Conditions, Faber & Faber Limited (2021), page 258:

A member of a Christian religious community of women who live by certain vows and usually wear a habit, (Roman Catholicism, specifically) those living together in a cloister.

non

member of a non-Christian religious community of women

Why laſt night, as Colonel Kill'em, Sir William Weezy, Lord Frederick Foretop, and I were careleſsly ſliding the Ranelagh round, picking our teeth, after a damn'd muzzy dinner at Boodle's, who ſhould trip by but an abbeſs, well known about town, with a ſmart little nun in her ſuite.

1770, Samuel Foote, The Lame Lover, a Comedy in Three Acts. […], London: […] Paul Vaillant; and sold by P[eter] Elmsly […]; and Robinson and Roberts, […], →OCLC, Act I, page 12:

"I mean to inform you," answered the Oxonian, with a grin on his face, "that those three nymphs, who have so much dazzled your optics, are three nuns, and the plump female is Mother .... of great notoriety [...]"

1881, Pierce Egan, chapter 8, in Life in London, page 205:

John S[tephen] Farmer
w:John Stephen Farmer

W[illiam] E[rnest] Henley
w:William Ernest Henley


yeh

‘Budge up, yeh great lump,’ said the stranger.

1997 June 26, J. K. Rowling [pseudonym; Joanne Rowling], chapter IV, in Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (Harry Potter; 1), London: Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN:

(dialectal) Pronunciation spelling of you.


another

Jamaican Creole: anedda

From Middle English another. By surface analysis, an + other.

anoda (alternative Jamaica)
anotha (alternative)
anotha' (alternative)
anudda (alternative pronunciation-spelling)
anuddah (alternative pronunciation-spelling)
nother (alternative)

one man's terrorist is another man's freedom fighter

one man's trash is another man's treasure

one woman's trash is another woman's treasure

Yes, I'd like another slice of cake, thanks.

Thus the red damask curtains which now shut out the fog-laden, drizzling atmosphere of the Marylebone Road, had cost a mere song, and yet they might have been warranted to last another thirty years. A great bargain also had been the excellent Axminster carpet which covered the floor;[…].

1913, Mrs. [Marie] Belloc Lowndes, chapter I, in The Lodger, London: Methuen, →OCLC; republished in Novels of Mystery: The Lodger; The Story of Ivy; What Really Happened, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green and Co., […], [1933], →OCLC, page 0016:

Furthermore, this increase in risk is comparable to the risk of death from leukemia after long-term exposure to benzene, another solvent, which has the well-known property of causing this type of cancer.

2013 July-August, Philip J. Bushnell, “Solvents, Ethanol, Car Crashes & Tolerance”, in American Scientist:

One more further, in addition to the quantity by then; a second or additional one, similar in likeness or in effect.

آخَر

one more, in addition to a former number

Do you know another way to do this job?

From another point of view, it was a place without a soul. The well-to-do had hearts of stone; the rich were brutally bumptious; the Press, the Municipality, all the public men, were ridiculously, vaingloriously self-satisfied.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

But that is another story and will be told another time.

1983, Michael Ende, translated by Ralph Manheim, The Neverending Story, →ISBN, page 53:

In plants, the ability to recognize self from nonself plays an important role in fertilization, because self-fertilization will result in less diverse offspring than fertilization with pollen from another individual.

2013 May-June, Katrina G. Claw, “Rapid Evolution in Eggs and Sperm”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3:


another

This napkin fell to the floor, could you please bring me another?

There is one sterling and here is another

I saw one movie, but I think I will see another.

One that is different from the current one.

His interests keep shifting from one thing to another.

One of a group of things of the same kind.


anybody

Anybody will do.

Is there anybody inside?

Any one out of an indefinite number of persons; anyone; any person.


anyone

From Middle English eny on, ony one, equivalent to any + one.

Almost anyone can change a light bulb.

The liar's punishment is not in the least that he is not believed, but that he cannot believe anyone else.

1891, George Bernard Shaw, Quintessence of Ibsenism:

“[…] Anyone who knows me will tell you I'm straight, but this time I had six thousand quid at stake. […] I laid 'em long odds because it wasn't in the nature of things that Wynbolt could beat all of them champs. Then—then he smashed one after another, until I got windy—nervous as you might say. […]”

1935, George Goodchild, chapter 8, in Death on the Centre Court:

It is tempting to speculate about the incentives or compulsions that might explain why anyone would take to the skies in [the] basket [of a balloon]: perhaps out of a desire to escape the gravity of this world or to get a preview of the next; […].

2013 June 7, David Simpson, “Fantasy of navigation”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 26, page 36:


anything

From Middle English anything, enything, onything, from Late Old English aniþing, from earlier ǣniġ þing (literally “any thing”), equivalent to any + thing.

I would not do it for anything.

Thus, when he drew up instructions in lawyer language […] his clerks […] understood him very well. If he had written a love letter, or a farce, or a ballade, or a story, no one, either clerks, or friends, or compositors, would have understood anything but a word here and a word there.

1892, Walter Besant, “Prologue: Who is Edmund Gray?”, in The Ivory Gate […], New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC:

In America alone, people spent $170 billion on “direct marketing”—junk mail of both the physical and electronic varieties—last year. Yet of those who received unsolicited adverts through the post, only 3% bought anything as a result. If the bumf arrived electronically, the take-up rate was 0.1%. And for online adverts the “conversion” into sales was a minuscule 0.01%.

2013 May 25, “No hiding place”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8837, page 74:

Any object, act, state, event, or fact whatsoever; a thing of any kind; something or other.

coś

'something' e.g. 'I have never done anything like that.'


anywhere

anywheres (plural)
any where (alternative obsolete)

A person without strong cultural or social ties to a specific place; a cosmopolite.


tone

From Middle English ton, tone, from Latin tonus (“sound, tone”) (possibly through Old French ton), from Ancient Greek τόνος (tónos, “strain, tension, pitch”), from τείνω (teínō, “I stretch”). Doublet of tune, ton, tonos, and tonus.

տոն

specific pitch, quality and duration; a note

en:in language, the pitch of a word_s sound that distinguishes meaning

(language, linguistics) The pitch of a word's sound that distinguishes a difference in meaning, as for example in Chinese.

نَغْمَة

pitch of a word that distinguishes a difference in meaning


plenty

→ Norwegian Bokmål: plenty

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: plenty

From Middle English plentie, plentee, plente, from Anglo-Norman plenté, from Old French plenté, from Latin plenitatem, accusative of plenitas (“fullness”), from plenus (“complete, full”), from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁nós (“full”), from which English full also comes, via Proto-Germanic. Related to the Latin derivatives complete, deplete, replete.

This office is plenty big enough for our needs.

For the likes of her, the down-at-heels support of Hoboken pier was plenty good enough.

1932, Delos W. Lovelace, King Kong, published 1965, page 1:

She was plenty mad at him.

Seeing clichés mimicked this skillfully is plenty hilarious.

2014 June 26, A. A. Dowd, “Paul Rudd and Amy Poehler Spoof Rom-com Clichés in They Came Together”, in The A.V. Club, archived from the original on 2017-12-07:

(Canada, US, colloquial) Used as an intensifier, very.


plenty

There'll be plenty time later for that


plenty

en-adj

plenty (comparative more plenty, superlative most plenty)

more plenty (comparative)
most plenty (superlative)

if reasons were as plenty as blackberries

1597, Shakespeare, Henry IV, Part I, Act I, Scene IV:

There are, among the Irish, men of as much worth and honour as any among the English: nay, to speak the truth, generosity of spirit is rather more common among them. I have known some examples there, too, of good husbands; and I believe these are not very plenty in England.

1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC:

Radishes are very plenty. Of cabbages a few heads of this year's crop have come to hand this week, and sold readily at quotations; […]

1836, The American Gardener's Magazine and Register, volume 2, page 279:


you-know-who

you know who (alternative)
You Know Who (alternative)
You-know-who (alternative)
You-Know-Who (alternative)

And 'St—'st—'st and What's-his-name, and also You-know-who / The task of filling up the blanks I'd rather leave to you.

1885, “The Mikado”, W. S. Gilbert (lyrics), Arthur Sullivan (music):

Person or entity whose name one does not want to mention but which is known to the person to whom one is speaking.

tiedätte-kyllä-ketkä

formal to sg or said to pl, of several persons

qui vous savez (formal to c sg or said to c pl)

du-vet-vem (said to c sg, about one person)

ni-vet-vem (said to c pl, about one person)

du-vet-vilka (said to c sg, about multiple persons)

ni-vet-vilka (said to c pl, about multiple persons)


Your Majesty

Your Majesties (plural)
His Majesty (alternative third-person)
Her Majesty (alternative third-person)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Your Majesty.wav

All our service,
 In every point twice done and then double done,
 Were poor and single business to contend
 Against whose honors deep and broad wherewith
 Your Majesty loads our house.

c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene vi]:

“Sire,” said Villefort, “the rapidity of the event must prove to your majesty that God alone can prevent it, by raising a tempest; what your majesty is pleased to attribute to me as profound perspicacity is simply owing to chance; and I have profited by that chance, like a good and devoted servant—that's all. Do not attribute to me more than I deserve, sire, that your majesty may never have occasion to recall the first opinion you have been pleased to form of me.”

c. 1845, Alexandre Dumas, The Count of Monte-Cristo, page 59:

(formal) you (in direct address to such a monarch)


Your Highness

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Your Highness.wav

Does your Highness know what became of the other ?

1818, “The Congo Expedition—African Discoveries”, in The Quarterly Review, J. Murray, page 372:

“Yes, madame, since your Highness has deigned to begin, will you deign to finish—”

1998, Alexandre Dumas, The Man in the Iron Mask, →ISBN, page 83:

When I'm up in London, everybody say Your Highness / Not because I'm royal, but because I be the highest

2021, Aminé, “Charmander”, in TWOPOINTFIVE:

(formal) A title of respect used to address a prince or princess.

سُمُوُّكَ

a title of respect used to address a prince or princess


His Majesty

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-His Majesty.wav

(informal, sarcastic) A sarcastic way of referring to any male who is (or is acting) pompous or bossy.


Her Majesty

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Her Majesty.wav

(informal, sarcastic) A sarcastic way of referring to any female who is (or appears) pompous or bossy.


everything

From Middle English every thing; univerbation of every + thing.

e'rythin' (alternative)
e'rythang (alternative)
e'rything (alternative)
ev'ryting (alternative)
ev'rythang (alternative)
ev'ythang (alternative)
ev'rything (alternative)
ev'ythin' (alternative)
ev'ything (alternative)
eve'ything (alternative)
errythin (alternative)
everytin' (alternative)
everyting (alternative)
everytang (alternative)
every thing (alternative)
evrything (alternative)
evrythin (alternative)

call someone everything but a child of God

if all you have is a hammer, everything looks like a nail

there is a time and place for everything

I checked the list again and everything is done.

Thank you for everything you've done for us.

I told him about everything I could think of; and what I couldn't think of he did. He asked about six questions during my yarn, but every question had a point to it. At the end he bowed and thanked me once more. As a thanker he was main-truck high; I never see anybody so polite.

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter IV, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y.; London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC, page 97:

(literally) All the things under discussion.

mind

when it is about a previously mentioned group

A: What do you want to do at the amusement park?
B: Everything!

I did everything today – washed the dishes, cut the lawn, did the laundry.

Then, I was sent to a great, cold, bare, school of big boys; where everything to eat and wear was thick and clumpy, without being enough; […]

1859 December 13, Charles Dickens, “The Ghost in Master B’s Room”, in Charles Dickens, editor, The Haunted House. The Extra Christmas Number of All the Year Round […], volume II, London: […] C[harles] Whiting, […], →OCLC, page 30, column 2:

(colloquial, hyperbolic) Many or most things.

Everything failed, didn't it?

She wasn't feeling well this morning but now everything is fine.

Since the company lost its best customer everything has gotten worse.

(colloquial) A state of well-being (from all parts of the whole).

It took everything in me to resist the temptation to skip work on my birthday.

I can't believe I made it in time – timing is everything!


everything

en-verb

everything (third-person singular simple present everythings, present participle everythinging, simple past and past participle everythinged)

everythings (present singular third-person)
everythinging (participle present)
everythinged (participle past)
everythinged (past)
e'rythin' (alternative)
e'rythang (alternative)
e'rything (alternative)
ev'ryting (alternative)
ev'rythang (alternative)
ev'ythang (alternative)
ev'rything (alternative)
ev'ythin' (alternative)
ev'ything (alternative)
eve'ything (alternative)
errythin (alternative)
everytin' (alternative)
everyting (alternative)
everytang (alternative)
every thing (alternative)
evrything (alternative)
evrythin (alternative)

‘Hardly. We’re screened by every shrink in the kingdom. We're printed, weighed, photographed, everythinged. Selection for security takes a lifetime—one of our sayings,’ she added modestly.

1990, Jonathan Gash, The Very Last Gambado, St. Martin's Press, page 107:

“ ‘You're right tonight, Boss Man,’ I said. ‘They’re laying it on us.’
“They outswung us, they out-everythinged us.

2001, Stanley Dance, The World of Swing, Da Capo Press, page 71:

Charlie does, too. After being adopted by Joan, after having his matted coat shaved bare, after being dewormed and de-everythinged after being loved and fed and loved some more, Charlie has turned into a brand-new dog.

2007, Nancy Kennedy, Lipstick Grace, Multnomah Books, page 216:

She spends as much time as possible surfing (as she quickly learns it's called), Youtubing,^([sic]) Googling, everythinging to research these human be-things.

2018 November 12, Ann Crawford, chapter 3, in Fresh off the Starship, Lightscapes Publishing:

(ambitransitive, colloquial, somewhat uncommon) Used as a placeholder verb to encapsulate a set of related verbs or any action.


much

head

much (comparative more, superlative most)

From Middle English muche (“much, great”), apocopated variant of muchel (“much, great”), from Old English myċel, miċel (“big, much”), from Proto-West Germanic *mikil, from Proto-Germanic *mikilaz (“great, many, much”), from Proto-Indo-European *meǵh₂- (“big, stour, great”). See also mickle, muckle.
Cognates
Cognate with Scots mickle, mukill, mekil, mikil (“big, large, great, much”), Middle Dutch mēkel (“great, many, much”), Middle High German michel ("great, many, much"; > German michel (“great, big, large”)), Norwegian Bokmål mye (“much”), Norwegian Nynorsk mykje (“much”), Swedish mycket (“much”), Danish meget (“much”), Gothic 𐌼𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌻𐍃 (mikils, “great, many”), Ancient Greek μέγας (mégas, “large, great”), Modern Greek μεγάλος (megálos, “large, great”).
Note that English much is not related to Spanish mucho, and their resemblance in both form and meaning is purely coincidental, as mucho derives from Latin multus and is not related to the Germanic forms. Instead, related to Spanish maño.

gloss

"great, many, much"; > German <i class="Latn mention" lang="de">michel</i> (“great, big, large”)

cog

They got so much things to say right now, they got so much things to say.

1977, Bob Marley, “So Much Things to Say”:

(now Caribbean, African-American, UK regional) many ( + plural countable noun).


each

From Middle English eche, elche, ilch, from Old English ǣlċ, contraction of ǣġhwelċ, from Proto-West Germanic *aiwgahwalīk (“each, every”). Compare Scots ilk, elk (“each, every”), Saterland Frisian älk (“each”), West Frisian elk, elts (“each”), Dutch elk (“each”), Low German elk, ellik (“each”), German Low German elk, elke (“each, every”), German jeglicher (“any”). By surface analysis, Old English ā + which.

surf

aich (alternative)
aitch (alternative)
eache (alternative)
eatch (alternative)
eatche (alternative)
ech (alternative)
eche (alternative)
eich (alternative)
etch (alternative)
eych (alternative)
eyche (alternative)
yeach (alternative)

Make sure you wash each bowl well.

The sun comes up each morning and sets each night.

Irregular bedtimes may disrupt healthy brain development in young children, according to a study of intelligence and sleeping habits. ¶ Going to bed at a different time each night affected girls more than boys, but both fared worse on mental tasks than children who had a set bedtime, researchers found.

2013 July 19, Ian Sample, “Irregular bedtimes may affect children's brains”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 34:

All; every; qualifying a singular noun, indicating all examples of the thing so named seen as individual or separate items (compare every).


each

The apples cost 50 cents each.

(e.g., po dek cendoj, ten cents each) po

à (placed before the price/weight/measurement and used when you have a defined number of something, for example Tre äpplen à 50 cent.)

We ordered half a chicken each, but we each got a whole one.

You are each right in a different way.

There are three of us and we have five dollars each, so that means we've got 15 dollars.

The apartments each boast central heating.

Individually; separately; used in a sentence with a plural subject to indicate that the action or state described by the verb applies to all members of the described group individually, rather than collectively to the entire group.


each

I'm going to give each of you a chance to win.

From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs.

Every one/thing individually or one by one.


each

eaches (plural)
aich (alternative)
aitch (alternative)
eache (alternative)
eatch (alternative)
eatche (alternative)
ech (alternative)
eche (alternative)
eich (alternative)
etch (alternative)
eych (alternative)
eyche (alternative)
yeach (alternative)

In one embodiment, there is an additional charge when ordering products as an “each” compared to the unit cost of the item when ordered by the case.

1999, William S. Paasche, Thomas D. Kerker, System and method for managing recurring orders in a computer network, US Patent 7359871 (PDF version), page 50:

An each, piece, single item, or individual item package.

2007, David E. Mulcahy, Eaches or Pieces Order Fulfillment, Design, and Operations Handbook (Series on resource management), Auerbach Publications, →ISBN, page 385:

The commonly used term “each” means that each individual item is one unit.

2012, Arthur V. Hill, “unit of measure”, in Barry Render, editor, The Encyclopedia of Operations Management, FT Press, →ISBN, page 373:

Amour-propre would be able to take an interest in assuming the standpoint of reason, then, if applying 'each' to oneself in rational deliberation were simultaneously bound up with publicly establishing oneself as an 'each'

2008, Frederick Neuhouser, Rousseau's theodicy of self-love, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 238:

(operations, philosophy) An individual item: the least quantitative unit in a grouping.


each other

/iːˈt͡ʃʌð.ə/

/iːˈt͡ʃað.ə/

From Middle English ech other, yche othere, ich othir, eche other, ilk oþer, from Old English ǣlċ ōþer (“each other”), equivalent to each + other. Cognate with Scots ilk other (“each other”),
West Frisian elkoar (“each other”), Dutch elkander, elkaar (“each other”).

My parents love each other; however, they talk to themselves a lot but not so much to each other.

I don't think you two know each other, do you?

Now we plunged into a deep shade with the boughs lacing each other overhead, and crossed dainty, rustic bridges over the cold trout-streams, the boards giving back the clatter of our horses' feet: or anon we shot into a clearing, with a colored glimpse of the lake and its curving shore far below us.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter VIII, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

There is an hour or two, after the passengers have embarked, which is disquieting and fussy.[…]Passengers wander restlessly about or hurry, with futile energy, from place to place. Pushing men hustle each other at the windows of the purser's office, under pretence of expecting letters or despatching telegrams.

1915, G[eorge] A. Birmingham [pseudonym; James Owen Hannay], chapter I, in Gossamer, New York, N.Y.: George H. Doran Company, →OCLC:

We've known each other many years, but this is the first time you ever came to me for counsel or for help.

1972 March 14, Mario Puzo, Francis Ford Coppola, The Godfather, spoken by Vito Corleone (Marlon Brando), Paramount Pictures:

It was the first time United had conceded six goals at Old Trafford since 1930, when Huddersfield won 6-0 and Newcastle 7-4 within four days of each other.

2011 October 23, Phil McNulty, “Man Utd 1-6 Man City”, in BBC Sport:

(reciprocal pronoun) To one another; one to the other; signifies that a verb applies to two or more entities both as subjects and as direct objects:

ܚܕܕܐ

Eastern vocalization: ܚܕܵܕܹܐ ħəðāðε̄, Western vocalization: ܚܕܳܕܶܐ ħəðoðe

ஒருவருக்கொருவர்

ஒருவருக்கு ஒருவர்


either

From Middle English either, from Old English ǣġhwæþer, from *aiwon + *gahwaþera. Akin to Old Saxon eogihwethar, iahwethar (Low German jeed); Old Dutch *iogewether, *iowether, *iother (Dutch ieder); Old High German eogihwedar, iegihweder, ieweder (German jeder).

Scarce a palm of ground could be gotten by either of the three.

a. 1627 (date written), Francis [Bacon], “Considerations Touching a Warre with Spaine. […]”, in William Rawley, editor, Certaine Miscellany Works of the Right Honourable Francis Lo. Verulam, Viscount S. Alban. […], London: […] I. Hauiland for Humphrey Robinson, […], published 1629, →OCLC:

And either vowd with all their power and wit, / To let not others honour be defaste […]

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto I”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

There have been three famous talkers in Great British, either of whom would illustrate what I say about dogmatists.

1872, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr., The Poet at the Breakfast-Table:


tout le monde

And when the aura of sports reaches the stratospheric level of a Michael Jordan, tout le monde takes notice.

What's the sample here - a dozen people, a thousand, a million, tout le monde?

Tout le monde is now saying these particular trans fats are so completely and utterly heinous for our tickers and arteries that lard is starting to look good again.


how many

We've lost quite a few; I don't know exactly how many.

And I saw how many were destroying the simplicity, and betraying the truth.

1800, George Fox, A Journal Or Historical Account of the Life, Travels, Sufferings, Christian Exsperiences, and Labour of Love, in the work of the Ministry:

Biff then stated, “Take how many you want, they're $700 a piece."

2004, John P. Sutton, Thin White Lines, page 233:

I'll phone later and confirm how many I want.

2012, Charlie Gardner, Rotten Timbers, →ISBN, page 143:

The sticks are now going around, and take how many you want.

2016, L. James Dempsey, Blackfoot War Art: Pictographs of the Reservation Period, 1880–2000:


yew

en-noun

yew (countable and uncountable, plural yews)

From Middle English ew, from Old English īw, ēow, assumed to be from Proto-West Germanic *īhu, from Proto-Germanic *īhwaz (compare Icelandic ýr), masculine variant of *īwō (compare Dutch ijf, German Eibe), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyHw-.
See also Hittite [script needed] (eja, “type of evergreen”), Welsh yw (“yews”), Irish eo [both cognates of Old English īw, Old English ēow]; and Latgalian īva (“bird cherry”), Lithuanian ievà (“bird cherry”), Russian и́ва (íva, “willow”).

cog

Old Yew, which graspest at the stones
That name the under-lying dead,
Thy fibres net the dreamless head,
Thy roots are wrapt about the bones.

1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], “Canto II”, in In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC:

Have a tree or two the witches particularly like, such as the alder, larch, cypress and hemlock; then, to counteract any possible evil effects, there must be a holly, yew, hazel, elder, mountain ash or juniper.

1940, Rosetta E. Clarkson, Green Enchantments: The Magic Spell of Gardens, The Macmillan Company, page 273:

At Darley Dale, in Derbyshire, there is another yew about 1,000 years younger with a 32 ft girth, while a mighty yew at Goudhurst, Kent, has a bench seating 12 in its hollow trunk.

1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 119:

Taxus baccata
Taxus baccata#Translingual

(countable) A species of coniferous tree, Taxus baccata, with dark-green flat needle-like leaves and seeds bearing red arils, native to western, central and southern Europe, northwest Africa, northern Iran and southwest Asia.

(countable, by extension) Any tree or shrub of the genus Taxus.

Other conifers resembling plants in genus Taxus:


yew

A spinoff, “Major Crimes,” starring “Battlestar Galactica” veteran Mary McDonnell and a number of “Closer” cast members, premieres in August. Sedgwick won’t be among them, swapping Brenda’s syrupy “thank yew” for an upbeat “buh-bye now” to her co-workers.

2012 July 1, T.L. Stanley, “No more crimes for her to solve”, in Los Angeles Times:


nowt

Dialectal pronunciation of naught. Akin to West Frisian neat (“nothing”), German nichts (“nothing”).

Today I have achieved absolutely nowt / In just being out of the house, I've lost out

2004, “It Was Supposed to Be So Easy”, in Mike Skinner (lyrics), A Grand Don’t Come For Free, performed by The Streets:


homeboy

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-homeboy.wav

20th century United States African-American urban slang. Originated from travelers to metropolitan areas derived from American English as a blend of hometown + boy. However, modern use is mostly by African-Americans and Latinos in the United States.

(colloquial, African-American Vernacular) A close friend or fellow member of a youth gang.


homeboy

head

homeboy (third-person singular, masculine, nominative or objective case)

en-pron

(1:38) If homeboy’s coming through with these, it’s quiet. Yeah no, it’s quiet for him. But, like, if he comes through with, y’know, these; you got some air maxes out here, you got some Jordans. Homeboy’s gonna, like, get it.

2017 October 2, Complex (@Complex), YouTube:

Homeboy rafikied a peacock with a squeegee.

2023 February 1, Fiona’s Videos 🎬 (@fiona_videos), Twitter:

He's talking about the jumpscare warnings in Dead Space. The ones you can turn off. Homeboy takes gaming way too fucking seriously.

2023 January 31, IStandWithVic Posting Their L's Online (@ISWV_Losers), Twitter:

He hit homeboy in his junk

2023 January 28, Jovani Vasquez (@JovaniVasquez25), Twitter:

Should’ve listen to homeboy

2023 January 28, LaughTalkTV (@LaughTalkTV), Twitter:

(African-American Vernacular, slang) he or him


yo

Yo sandwich has only bacon in it. Want some ketchup on that?

(colloquial) Pronunciation spelling of your.


moi

Don't you be so cheeky. — Cheeky? Moi?

Who'd have thought that such a thing would happen to little old moi!

Kid Rock: Yo, let's waste that biotch. / Homer: Biotch? Moi?

2000 April 30, John Swartzwelder, “Kill the Alligator and Run”, in The Simpsons, season 11, episode 19:

There's only one Miss Piggy, and she is moi.

2011, Jason Segel, Nicholas Stoller, The Muppets, spoken by Miss Piggy:

(humorous or sarcastic, often used questioningly to express mock surprise) Me.


noman

From Middle English noman, interpreted as no + man.

no man (alternative)
no-man (alternative)

Let noman deceaue you by ony meanes.

1548, The Beginning and Endynge of All Popery, or Popishe Kyngedome:

Which ſeing it is ſo, let noman wonder, that I, not miſtruſting anie whit the vniuerſal cauſe of the Catholiks, but miſdoubting mine own wit, and the ſhameleſſe ſhifts of our aduerſaries, haue chosen to dedicate this work to yͤ myſteri of thy glorious body and blood (Lord Ieſu Chriſt,)[…]

1566, Nicolas Saunder, The Supper of Our Lord Set Foorth According to the Truth of the Gospell and Catholike Faith:

[…]that noman nowe, be he neuer ſo ignorante, can thinke, he maie iuſtely be excuſed.

1567, Iohn Iewel, A Defence of the Apologie of the Churche of Englande, Conteininge an Answeare to a Certaine Booke Lately Set Foorthe by M. Hardinge, and Entituled, A Confutation of &c., London: Henry VVykes:


themself

head

themself (third person, singular reflexive of they)

From Middle English theimself. Equivalent to them + -self. Reinforced by analogy with the singular-plural distinction between yourself and yourselves.

Someone could hurt themself.

Anyone who wants a car like mine can buy one themself.

[…] they woulden't ^([sic]) always be trying to make Themself Look Diffarunt ^([sic]) from what nature made Them.

1899 December 6, “Paw Baldness”, in Shiner Gazette:

THE author who masqueraded as Helen Demidenko yesterday urged the hoaxer who deceived the respected right-wing journal Quadrant to unmask themself.

2009 January 8, Samantha Maiden, “Hoaxer, out yourself: 'Demidenko'”, in The Australian, archived from the original on 2012-12-15:

... somedays there will be an odd number of quadders and so somebody might have to sit by themself in the back.

2013 January 8, John Stoltenberg, Gonerz:

Sometimes in modern usage They_(sg) has the reflexive form themself, as in Sometimes a person can surprise themself. (Microsoft Word’s grammar-checking tool doesn’t like this, and peremptorily changes it to themselves – what a nerve!)

2024, Geoffrey K. Pullum, The Truth About English Grammar, Polity Press, →ISBN, page 38:

(reflexive pronoun, sometimes proscribed) The reflexive form of they, the third-person singular personal pronoun. The single person previously mentioned, as the object of a verb or following a preposition (also used for emphasis).


such

From Middle English such, swuch, swich, swilch, swulch, from Old English swelċ, from Proto-West Germanic *swalīk, from Proto-Germanic *swalīkaz (“so formed, so like”), equivalent to so + like. Cognate with Scots swilk, sic, sik (“such”), Saterland Frisian suk (“such”), West Frisian suk, sok (“such”), Low German sülk, sulk, suk (“such”), Dutch zulk (“such”), German solch (“such”), Danish slig (“like that, such”), Swedish slik (“such”), Icelandic slíkur (“such”). More at so, like.

inh

sich (alternative)
sech (alternative)
soch (alternative)
soche (alternative)

the above address or at such other address as may be provided

(particularly used in formal documents) Any.

Such hypocrisy!

Such bouncy children you have.

Why, I was absolutely spellbound. She sings with such passion!

(degree) Used as an intensifier roughly equivalent to very much (of), quite or rather.

(exclamative) Used with gradable noun phrases to form exclamations.

In rushed one and tells him such a knight / Is new arrived.

1595, Samuel Daniel, “(please specify the folio number)”, in The First Fowre Bookes of the Ciuile Wars between the Two Houses of Lancaster and Yorke, London: […] P[eter] Short for Simon Waterson, →OCLC:

To-day or to-morrow we will go into such a city, and continue there a year.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, James 4:13:

(obsolete) A certain; representing the object as already particularized in terms which are not mentioned.


such

Such is life.

These oraculous proficients are day and night employed in deep searches for the direction of such as run astray after their lost goods : but at present they are more particularly serviceable to their country in foretelling the fate of such as have chances in the public lottery.

1804, Joseph Addison, Richard Steele, The Tatler, C. Whittingham, John Sharpe, page 315

'Twas early June, the new grass was flourishing everywheres, the posies in the yard—peonies and such—in full bloom, the sun was shining, and the water of the bay was blue, with light green streaks where the shoal showed.

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y.; London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

Some are just no-good locals—drunks and such—who’d just as soon beg or steal as work.

2000, Terry Goodkind, Faith of the Fallen, →ISBN, page 238:

A person, a thing, people, or things like the one or ones already mentioned.


such

suches (plural)
sich (alternative)
sech (alternative)
soch (alternative)
soche (alternative)

But granted that Plato does not accept the this-such distinction, why saddle him with the view that all things are thises, rather than all suches or perhaps even neither?

1991, Frank A. Lewis, Substance and Predication in Aristotle:

(philosophy) Something being indicated that is similar to something else.


's

Contractions of various words ending in s.

The dog’s running after me!


's

What are you guys waiting for? Let’s go!

Wee'le part the time betweene's then: and in that
Ile no gaine-ſaying.

c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii], page 277, column 2:

Contraction of us (found in the formula let’s which is used to form first-person plural imperatives).


's

All’s he wanted was to go home.

(UK, dialect) Contraction of as (when it is (nonstandardly) used as a relative conjunction, or like a relative pronoun, meaning "that").


's

He takes his bottle of whisky a day and gets drunk’s a lord in the evening.

1922, E. F. Benson, Negotium Perambulans:


hir

head

hir (third-person singular, gender-neutral, objective case, reflexive hirself)

But once the disorientation had passed, hir forced hirself back to full consciousness--and worked quickly to establish hir position, and Ruskin's.

1988, Jeffrey Carver, From a Changeling Star, New York: Bantam Books, →ISBN, →OL, page 232:

I don't know what Scratch looks like in the real world, I met hir online.

1996 June, Caitlin Sullivan with Bornstein, Kate, Nearly Roadkill: an Infobahn erotic adventure, New York: Serpent's Tail, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OL, LCC PS3569.U3449 N43 1996, page 10:

Words like "freak" became attached to hir name, and I don't believe "brave" was ever a word the media associated with hir.

1997 December 18, Kate Bornstein, My Gender Workbook: How to Become a Real Man, a Real Woman, the Real You, or Something Else Entirely, London, New York: Routledge, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OL, LCC HQ1075.B69 1998, page 130:

T'Pau leveled a gaze at hir. "You are male and female ... and neither. 'It' is the proper word. We have no use for semantic games on Vulcan."

2000 August 29, Peter David, Renaissance (Star Trek New Frontier: Excalibur #10), Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OL, page 137:

(nonstandard) Them (singular). Gender-neutral third-person singular object pronoun, coordinate with him and her.


oi

Sometimes oi sits and thinks, and sometimes oi just sits.

Why, where be oi, and what be oi a doin’, / A sleepin’ out, just when the dews du rise?

1877, W. S. Gilbert, The Sorcerer, Act II:

(representing rural dialect pronunciation) I.


'm

1967-1969, Lou Sullivan, personal diary, quoted in 2019, Ellis Martin, Zach Ozma (editors), We Both Laughed In Pleasure
I picked up two stones and threw ’m in the air, heard ’m drop


dey

Pronunciation spelling of their, representing African-American Vernacular English.

“Boy, is horrors over dey, for so,” he said, obviously excited and anxious to be the bearer of extraordinary news. “Wat happen, somebody dead?”

2012, G. Modele Dale Clarke, Up in Mahaica: Stories from the Market People (ebook), Xlibris:

Pronunciation spelling of there, representing African American Vernacular English or Caribbean English.

Pronunciation spelling of they, representing dialects with th-stopping in English


aught

From Middle English aught, ought, from Old English āht, āwiht, from ā (“always", "ever”) + wiht (“thing", "creature”). More at wight.

(archaic) Whit, the smallest part, iota.


that's

das (alternative)
dat's (alternative)
thass (alternative)
thats (alternative)

From that + 's (contraction of words ending in s).

That's the book I've been looking for.

Collingwood are saying that's Stephenson's 10th game.


that's

He had in his pocket an old flick-knife that's spring was slow and temperamental.

"[…] we want them to bring a product to market that's time had not yet come," said Ray Farhung, a Southern California Edison official.

1993 January 10, Bill Vlasic, “Cool Contest”, in The Detroit News, page 1D:

1995, Aimo Seppänen & Göran Kjellmer. The dog that's leg was run over: On the genitive of the relative pronoun. English Studies 76, 389–400.

[…] the only one that's title has been released […]

2009, Doug Whitman, quoted in Neal Whitman, "We Don't Speak the Same Language" (blog post, 2011 March 23)

that's is perfectly possible in my Northern Irish English dialect, e.g. "The cow that's calf was lost" is fine; "The cow whose calf was lost" is not so good as my dialect seems to require human reference for who, […]

2014 March 28, Warren Maguire, “['That's'] Comments”, in Mark Liberman, Language Log, archived from the original on 2014-04-08:

It had products like a WiFi light bulb that's brightness and even color can be controlled via Smartphone.

2018, Jimmy Im, "I shopped at Amazon's new 4-star-product store in New York City — here's why I wouldn't do it again", CNBC.com, 2018 September 28

(nonstandard, dialect, e.g. Black Country, Northern Ireland) whose, of which, in dialects that require a human antecedent for 'whose'


yer

'Make yer way down to the station,' he said.

1991, Thomas Hayden, The Killing Frost, London: Random Century Group:

‘Las’ time I saw you, you was only a baby,’ said the giant. ‘Yeh look a lot like yer dad, but yeh’ve got yer mum’s eyes.’

1997 June 26, J. K. Rowling [pseudonym; Joanne Rowling], chapter IV, in Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (Harry Potter; 1), London: Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN:

Old Lady: 'HOLLER AT THAT FELLER IN THE CHEST DOWNSTAIRS. IF Y'NEED CARDS, HE'S YER MAIN MAN, HEH HEH!'

2019 December 10, Yacht Club Games, Shovel Knight: King of Cards, Nintendo 3DS, level/area: House of Joustus:

(UK, Southern US, dialectal) Pronunciation spelling of your.


youse

Have youse gentlemen finished talking?


you's

Talking to you’s always an adventure.

You’s a goddamn creep.


w/e

For Qishan, Meinong and Foguangshan you’re best off catching a bus outside Kaohsiung Zuoying HSR Station/Zuoying KMRT Station. From there Freeway Bus #10 is the quickest and cheapest service to Qishan (departs every 20mins on w/days 🕘 06.30-23.00 Mon-Fri, less frequent at w/ends; takes 40mins; NTD50).

[2014, Steven Crook, “Kaohsiung and Pingtung”, in Taiwan (Bradt Guides), 2nd edition, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 246:


Alteration of you:
* oo phonetic spelling of /uː/; 0 often used in place of o in leet;
* j possibly based on its sound in some European languages, such as German, Dutch, Hungarian, Albanian, Finnish, Slovak, and romanized Russian (e.g. the Finnish word kirjain).

j00 7h1n|< ur 3l33t?
You think you’re elite? (you think you’re awesome?)


wi

Are yee commin with wi or not?


tho

From Middle English tho, tha, from Old English þā (“the, those”, plural), from Proto-West Germanic *þai, from Proto-Germanic *þai (“those”), from Proto-Indo-European *to-, *só (“that”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian do (“the”, plural). Doublet of they.


you guys

yous guys (alternative)
youse guys (alternative)
youze guys (alternative)

Hey you guys!

the list of other second-person pronouns in you


thingy

thingies (plural)
thingie (alternative)
thingee (alternative)

He pulled out his thingy. It was huge.

2004, Richard Tinsley, Walking on the Son:


neither

Alteration (after either) of nauther, from Middle English nawther, noþer, naðer (whence also Modern nor), from Old English nāwþer, contraction of nāhwæþer, corresponding to no + whether. Compare Latin neuter (“neither”). By surface analysis, not + either.

But here thou canst not handle aught, neither make the folk ware of thee, not though thou shout thy throat hoarse.

1922, E[ric] R[ücker] Eddison, The Worm Ouroboros: A Romance, London: Jonathan Cape […], →OCLC, page 1:


sundry

The adjective is derived from Middle English sondri, sondry, syndry (“individually; occasionally; separately; variously”) [and other forms], from Old English syndriġ (“alone, distinct, separate, single; sundry, various; concerning a single person, own, particular, peculiar, private; exceptional, remarkable, set apart, special; (distributive) one each”) [and other forms], from sundor (“differently; privately; separate, separately”) (from Proto-Germanic *sundraz (“alone, isolated; separate”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *senH- (“apart; for oneself; without”)) + -iġ (“suffix forming adjectives”). The English word is analysable as sunder + -y.
The noun and pronoun are derived from the adjective.
Cognates
* Dutch zonderlijk (“separate”) (rare), Dutch afzonderlijk (“separate”)
* Low German sunderig (“single; special”)
* Middle High German sunderig (“private; separate; special”)
* Swedish söndrig (“broken; tattered”)

nb...

sindre, sindrey, sindri, sindrie, sindry, sondery, sondrẹ̄, sondree, sondrei, sondrey, sondrie, sondry, sondrye, sonndry, soondry, soundri, soundrie, soundry, sum-dri, sunderi, sundery, sundrei, sundrey, sundri, sundrie, sundrii, sundry, syndre, (Early Middle English) sindri, sindriȝ

nb...

sindrig, syndrie, syndryg, (Northumbria) suindrig

cog

Dearely beloued brethren, the ſcripture moueth vs in ſondrye places, to acknowledge and confeſſe our manyfolde ſynnes and wyckedneſſe, […]

1552, Thomas Cranmer [et al.], compilers, “An Ordre for Morninge Prayer Dayly throughout the Yeare”, in The Boke of Common Prayer, and Administration of the Sacramentes, […], 2nd edition, London: […] Edwardi Whytchurche […], →OCLC:

Ennius an olde auncient Latin poet, & of great authoritee, whom Cicero verie often times citeth in ſondrie his werkes.

1564 February, Erasmus, “The Saiynges of Marcus Tullius Cicero”, in Nicolas Udall [i.e., Nicholas Udall], transl., Apophthegmes, that is to Saie, Prompte, Quicke, Wittie and Sentẽcious Saiynges, […], London: […] Ihon Kingston, →OCLC, book II, folio 229, recto, paragraph 45, marginal note:

Sondry & reaſonable be the cauſes vvhy learned men haue vſed to offer and dedicate ſuch vvorkes as they put abrode, to ſome ſuch perſonage as they thinke fitteſt, either in reſpect of abilitie of defenſe, or ſkill for iugement, or priuate regard of kindeneſſe and dutie.

1570, Margaret Ascham, “To the Honorable Sir William Cecill Knight, Principall Secretarie to the Quenes Most Excellent Maiestie”, in Roger Ascham, edited by Margaret Ascham, The Scholemaster: Or Plaine and Perfite Way of Teaching Children, to Vnderstand, Write, and Speake, the Latin Tong, […], London: […] John Daye, […], →OCLC:

VVith this ſtrange vertue, / He hath a heauenly guift of Propheſie, / And ſundry Bleſſings hang about his Throne, / That ſpeake him full of Grace.

c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii], page 147, column 1:

The VVater Souldier hath divers and ſundry long narrovv leaves pointed ſet cloſe together ſomevvhat like unto the leaves of Aloes for the forme, […]

1640, John Parkinson, “Stratiotes sive Militaris Aizoides. Water Souldier.”, in Theatrum Botanicum: The Theater of Plants. Or, An Herball of a Large Extent: […], London: […] Tho[mas] Cotes, →OCLC, page 1249:

[H]e cleared a ſemi-circular ſpace before her chair, thrice vvith the moſt profound reverence bovved to her, thrice turned himſelf around vvith ſundry grimaces, and then fiercely planted himſelf at her ſide.

1782, [Frances Burney], “A Masquerade”, in Cecilia, or Memoirs of an Heiress. […], volume I, London: […] T[homas] Payne and Son […], and T[homas] Cadell […], →OCLC, book II, pages 181–182:

"Some liquor here! Be quick, or he'll not stop, even for that. He is a man of such desperate ardour!" said the smooth secretary, whom Mr Dennis corroborated with sundry nods and muttered oaths—"Once roused, he is a fellow of such fierce determination!"

1841 February–November, Charles Dickens, “Barnaby Rudge. Chapter 50.”, in Master Humphrey’s Clock, volume III, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, page 227:

O woman, for sundry days I have seen thee attend the levée sans a word said; so tell me an thou have any requirement I may grant.

1887, Richard F[rancis] Burton, transl. and editor, “Alaeddin; or, The Wonderful Lamp. [Night 547.]”, in Supplemental Nights to the Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night […], Shammar edition, volume III, [London]: […] Burton Club […], →OCLC, page 108:

The Author sincerely hopes that this volume will clear away some of the mists which surround Mexico at the present time. But he has experienced the utmost difficulty in obtaining news of recent events from the Republic because of the prohibition placed upon correspondence. He feels, however, that he has in a measure overcome this by the piecing together of matter from sundry reliable sources, and hopes that he has been enabled to present his readers with a truthful account of things as they are at the present day, in a land the mighty destinies of which he devoutly and hopefully believes in.

1917, Lewis Spence, “Preface”, in Mexico of the Mexicans, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons […], →OCLC, page iii:

More than one or two but not very many; a number of, several.

For vvhat reaſon is there vvᶜʰ ſhould but induce, and therfore much leſſe enforce vs to thinke, that care of diſſimilitude betvveene the people of God & the heathen nations about them, vvas any more the cauſe of forbidding them to put on garments of ſundry ſtuffe then of charging them vvithall not to ſovv their fields with meſline, or that this vvas any more the cauſe of forbidding them to eate Svvines fleſh, then of charging them vvithall not to eate the fleſh of Eagles, Haukes, and the like?

1594, Richard Hooker, “That the Course which the Wisdome of God doth Teach, Maketh Not against Our Conformity with the Church of Rome in Such Things”, in J[ohn] S[penser], editor, Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie, […], 3rd edition, London: […] Will[iam] Stansby [for Matthew Lownes], published 1611, →OCLC, book IV, page 139:

[I]t is a melancholy of mine ovvne, compounded of many ſimples, extracted from many obiects, and indeed the ſundrie contemplation of my trauells, in which by often rumination, vvraps me in a most humorous ſadneſſe.

c. 1598–1600 (date written), William Shakespeare, “As You Like It”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i], page 200, column 2:

Consisting of an assortment of different kinds; miscellaneous.

The diſtance of place doth not lett nor hinder the Spiritual Communion vvhich is betvveen one and another, ſo that John and Thomas vvhereſoever they be, far and ſundry, or near together, being both lively Members of Chriſt, receive either of others Goodneſs ſome Commodity; […]

1681, Gilbert Burnet, “[A Collection of Records, and Original Papers; with Other Instruments Referred to in the Second Part of the History of the Reformation of the Church of England.] Book I. Number 25. Queries Put Concerning Some Abuses of the Mass; with the Answers that were Made by Many Bishops and Divines to Them.”, in The History of the Reformation of the Church of England. The Second Part, […], London: […] T[homas] H[odgkin] for Richard Chiswell, […], →OCLC, page 148:

(except Scotland) Not attached or connected to anything else; physically separate.


sundry

The wicketkeeper for Williamstown had a bad day, as sundries topped the score with 30.

1954, Percy Taylor, Richmond’s 100 Years of Cricket: The Story of the Richmond Cricket Club, 1854–1954, South Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic,: C. G. Meehan & Co., →OCLC:

In the modern era I sometimes feel the emphasis has erroneously shifted towards placing unwarranted importance on how few sundries are recorded.

1969, Donald Bradman, The Art of Cricket, revised edition, London: Robson Books, published 1998, →ISBN, page 167:

As for sundries, these are very often caused by erratic bowling or a nasty pitch.

1999, Ashok Kumar, “Wicket-keeping”, in Cricket (DPH Sports Series), New Delhi: Discovery Publishing House, published 2006, →ISBN, page 145:

(chiefly Australia, cricket) Synonym of extra (“a run scored without the ball having hit the striker's bat”).


sundry

The not underſtanding of which has made ſundry in vain attempt to predict events foretold, in the Apocalypſe to the accurateneſs of a Prophetical Day, […]

1680, Henry More, “Notes. Chapter XII. Vers[e] 6.”, in Apocalypsis Apocalypseos; or The Revelation of St John the Divine Unveiled. […], London: […] J. M. for J[ohn] Martyn, and W. Kettilby, […], →OCLC, page 123:

To be the bride of Christ was the thought that filled her heart; and when, at the fencing of the tables Doctor Chrystal preached from Matthew nine and fifteen, "Can the children of the bride-chamber mourn as long as the bridegroom is with them?" it was remarked by sundry that Ailie's face was liker the countenance of an angel than of a mortal lass.

1902 January, John Buchan, “The Outgoing of the Tide”, in The Watcher by the Threshold, and Other Tales, Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood and Sons, published 1902, →OCLC, page 234:

(Northern England, Scotland) Various people or things; several.


all and sundry

And decerns and declares all and sundry, who either gainsay the word of the evangel [...] to be no members of the said kirk within this realm, and true religion presently professed, so long as they keep themselves so divided from the society of Christ's body.

1581, Alexander Henderson, Archibald Johnston, National Covenant of the Church of Scotland:

Miss Phyllis Morgan, as the hapless heroine dressed in the shabbiest of clothes, appears in the midst of a gay and giddy throng; she apostrophises all and sundry there, including the villain, and has a magnificent scene which always brings down the house, and nightly adds to her histrionic laurels.

1904–1905, Baroness Orczy [i.e., Emma Orczy], “The Affair at the Novelty Theatre”, in The Case of Miss Elliott, London: T[homas] Fisher Unwin, published 1905, →OCLC; republished as popular edition, London: Greening & Co., 1909, OCLC 11192831, quoted in The Case of Miss Elliott (ebook no. 2000141h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg of Australia, February 2020:

From morning till night you saw her sitting on a low chair in the kitchen, surrounded by a Chinese cook and two or three native girls, giving her orders, chatting sociably with all and sundry, and tasting the savoury messes she devised.

1919, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, “chapter 49”, in The Moon and Sixpence, [New York, N.Y.]: Grosset & Dunlap Publishers […], →OCLC:


a lot

alot (alternative nonstandard proscribed)
allot (alternative misspelling)

Thanks a lot for listening to me.

It's a lot harder than it looks.

Mostly, the microbiome is beneficial. It helps with digestion and enables people to extract a lot more calories from their food than would otherwise be possible. Research over the past few years, however, has implicated it in diseases from atherosclerosis to asthma to autism.

2013 June 29, “A punch in the gut”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, pages 72–3:

(informal) Very much; a great deal; to a large extent.


FA

Football Association
w:Football Association

(soccer) Initialism of Football Association, especially the English Football Association. See also Scottish FA and Welsh FA.


'e

A representation of the pronunciation of he by a speaker who does not use the voiceless glottal fricative or transition ([h]).


'a

(archaic) Alternative form of a (“he, she, they”).


'a

Say, these stripes, stripes sure don’t worry me. But these chains, chains goin’ ’a kill me dead.

1955, Russell Ames, “The Open Road, the Chain Gang, and the Jail”, in The Story of American Folk Song (The Listener’s Music Library), New York, N.Y.: Grosset & Dunlap, published 1960, →OCLC, page 248:

Well, this one’s ’ere all right. Captain’s wife or somefink, the mate says. Least, that’s what I think he’s tryin’ ’a say, because he can’t speak no English.

2009, Jennifer Worth, “The Captain’s Daughter”, in Farewell to the East End, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, →ISBN, page 237:

So while we’re all distracted tryin’ ’a fix it all – that’s when they strike.

2014, R[oger] N. Morris, chapter 11, in The Dark Palace (A Silas Quinn Mystery; 3), Sutton, Surrey: Crème de la Crime, →ISBN, Part 1 (Love), page 50: