𐰹

Pictogram of an arrow, compare Proto-Turkic *ok (“arrow”), whence Etymology 2.

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /uq/, /oq/, /qu/, /qo/, used with back vowels.


𐰊𐱄𐰆𐰻

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bagatur, itself of uncertain origins. Cognate with Bashkir батыр (batır), Kazakh батыр (batyr), Turkish Batur. Compare also Proto-Mongolic *baxatur whence Mongolian баатар (baatar), Persian بهادر (bahâdor) whence Turkish bahadır and Middle Chinese 冒頓 (MC mawH|mok twonH).


𐰛

Derived from Sogdian 𐼋 (k, “kaph”), ultimately from Classical Syriac ܟ (“kaph”).

(Irk Bitig, Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /k/, used with front vowels.


𐰌𐰥

Yenisei Kyrgyz variant of Old Turkic 𐰋𐰤 (b²n²).


𐰌𐰝

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bök- (“to be satiated”).
Cognate with Turkish bıkmak, Bashkir бүкеү (bükew), Tuvan пөкер (pöker).

inh+

𐰟𐱄𐰆𐰣𐰠𐰐:𐰛𐰅𐱀𐰐:𐰌𐰅𐰠𐰢𐱆𐰁:𐰊𐰣𐱄𐰢:𐱆𐰮𐰼𐰄𐰅𐰠𐰢:𐰛𐰁:𐰌𐰝𐰢𐰓𐰢:𐰾𐰄𐰕𐰢𐰁𐰗𐱄𐰁

8-10th century CE, Uyuk-Turan (e-3), section 2:

I tied my gilded quiver onto my waist. I couldn't be satisfied of my holy country what pain! Alas!

(Yenisei Kyrgyz, intransitive) to be satiated


𐰃𐰤𐰐𐰤

Cognate with Old Uyghur [script needed] (ingen), Turkmen inen, Kazakh іңген (ıñgen).


𐱆𐰕𐰃𐰐

Derived from 𐱆𐰕 (tez-, “to flee”) + 𐰃𐰐 (-ig). Cognate with Turkish tez.

𐱆𐰕𐰃𐰐:𐰛𐰅𐰙𐰛𐰓𐰁:𐰟𐰯:𐰌𐰥

8-10th century CE, Kızıl-Çıraa II (e-44)


𐰊𐰎𐰆

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bugu. Cognate with Kazakh бұғы (būğy, “deer”), Uzbek bug’u (“deer”). Compare also Proto-Mongolic *bugu, perhaps a Turkic borrowing.

𐰛𐰈𐰛:𐰌𐰈𐰼𐰄:𐰵𐰻𐰁:𐰽:𐰊𐰎𐰆:𐰈𐰠𐰼𐱆𐰄𐰢

I killed a blue wolf, a black ermine and a buck.


𐰿𐰥

Derived from Proto-Turkic *ẹĺ- (“to walk, to trot”), equivalent to 𐰿 (eš-, “to trot”) + 𐰥 (-in) Cognate with Turkish eşmek.

der+

𐰿𐰣𐰹𐰃:𐱄𐰟𐰻𐰢:𐰿𐰥𐱆𐰢


𐱄

Derived from Classical Syriac ܛ (“teth”).

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /t/, used with back vowels.


𐱄𐰆𐰟

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tul(k) (“widow”). Cognate with Chuvash тӑлӑх (tălăh, “orphan”), Old Uyghur twl (tul), Turkish dul, Uzbek tul, Bashkir тол (tol).

inh+

𐰵𐰆𐰗𐰒𐰁:𐰵𐰆𐰩𐰆𐰗𐰆𐰢:𐱄𐰆𐰟:𐰵𐰟𐱄𐰄:𐰾𐰄𐰕𐰢

My wife, the princess, at hearth became a widow, alas!


𐰗

Pictogram of a bow, compare Proto-Turkic *yā(y) (“bow”).

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /j/, used with back vowels.


𐰅

Clauson suggest that it might ultimately be derived from Ancient Greek α (a, “alpha”) through intermediaries.

der+

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /e/.


𐰽𐰗

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *say (“area covered with stones; shallow”). Cognate with Azerbaijani say.

inh+

𐰽𐰗:𐱆𐰐:𐰽𐰻𐰎:𐰡𐰣𐰢


𐰊

Derived from Sogdian 𐼃 (β, “beth”), ultimately from Classical Syriac ܒ (“beth”).

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /b/ and /v/, used with back vowels.


𐰝

(Irk Bitig, Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /yk/, /øk/, /ky/, /kø/ used with front vowels.


𐰩

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /ntʃ/.


𐰬

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /ŋ/.


𐰫

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /ɲ/


𐰰

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /yp/, /øp/, /py/, /pø/ used with front vowels.


𐰷

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /ɯq/.


𐰎

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /ɣ/, used with back vowels.


𐰈

Ultimately derived from Ancient Greek υ (u, “upsilon”) through intermediaries.

der+

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /ø/ or /y/.


𐰂

Derived from Sogdian 𐼁 (ʾ, “aleph”), ultimately from Classical Syriac ܐ (“aleph”).

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /ɑ/ or /æ/. The backness or frontness depends on the type of the consonant.


𐰕

Clauson suggest that it might ultimately be derived from Ancient Greek Ζ (Z, “zeta”) through intermediaries.

(Irk Bitig, Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /z/, used in both vowel types.


𐰒

Clauson suggest that it might ultimately be derived from Classical Syriac ܕ (“daleth”).

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /d/ and /ð/, used with back vowels.


𐰟

Derived from Sogdian 𐼌 (δ, “lamed”), ultimately from Classical Syriac ܠ (“lamed”)

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /l/ with back vowels.


𐰐

Clauson suggest that it might ultimately be derived from Ancient Greek Γ (G, “gamma”) through intermediaries.

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /ɡ/, used with front vowels.


𐰳

Derived from Sogdian 𐼗 (c, “sadhe”), ultimately from Classical Syriac ܨ (“sadhe”).

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /t͡ʃ/.


𐰄

Derived from Sogdian 𐼊 (y, “yodh”), ultimately from Classical Syriac ܝ (“yodh”).

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /i/ /e/ or /ɯ/. The backness or frontness depends on the type of the consonant.


𐰙

Two possibilities:
# Clauson (1962) suggests that it was derived from Sogdian 𐼊 (y, “yodh”) ultimately from Classical Syriac ܝ (“yodh”).
# Clauson (1970) suggests that it was derived from Ancient Greek Ι (I, “iota”) through intermediaries.

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /j/, used with front vowels.


𐰻

Derived from Sogdian 𐼘 (r, “resh”), ultimately from Classical Syriac ܪ (“resh”).

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /r/, used with back vowels.


𐱆

Derived from Sogdian 𐼜 (t, “taw”), ultimately from Classical Syriac ܬ (“taw”).

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /t/, used with front vowels.


𐰵

Derived from Sogdian 𐼉 (x, “heth”), ultimately from Derived from Classical Syriac ܚ (“heth”).

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /q/ used with back vowels.


𐰌

Ultimately derived from Ancient Greek β (b, “beta”) through intermediaries.

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /b/ and /v/ used with front vowels.


𐱂

Derived from Sogdian 𐼙 (š, “shin”) ultimately from Classical Syriac ܫ (“shin”).

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /ʃ/.


𐱀

⇒ Old Hungarian: 𐳤, 𐲤


𐰥

Derived from Ancient Greek Ν (N, “nu”) through intermediaries.

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /n/, used with front vowels.


𐰎𐰿𐰎𐰁

head

𐰎𐰿𐰎𐰁 (ɣašɣa)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kaĺčga (“white spot on an animal's head”). The initial g- is due to the dialect of the writer, compare 𐰐𐰢𐰳𐰐 (Gemčig, “Khemchik”) and 𐰐𐰙𐰛 (géyik, “game”) from the same text.
Cognate with Southern Altai кашкалак (kaškalak), Azerbaijani qaşqa, Kyrgyz качка (kacka) and Khakas хасха (xasxa).
Compare also the borrowed Persian قشق (qašqa, “blaze”) and possibly Proto-Mongolic *kaljan (“white headed”).

inh+

𐰎𐰿𐰎𐰁:𐱄𐰫𐰢

8-10th century CE, Kemçik-Çıgrak (e-41), section 11:

(Yenisei Kyrgyz, zootomy) having a white forehead


𐰛𐰝𐰢𐰛

Unknown, there are some plausible cognates including Western Yugur kegmek (“a kind of deer”).

𐰙𐱆𐰄:𐰌𐰈𐰼𐰄:𐰈𐰠𐰼𐰓𐰢𐰀𐰊𐰻𐰽𐰎:𐰛𐰝𐰢𐰛𐰐𐰈𐰠𐰼𐰢𐰓𐰢𐰀

8-10th century CE, Begre (e-11), line 10:

I killed seven wolves, but did not kill leopards or stags.