咱們

Wow, the rain stopped! Let's go out and play!

哇，雨停了！咱們出去玩吧！

哇，雨停了！咱们出去玩吧！

My mum said the two of us are not right for each other.

我媽說咱們倆不合適。

我妈说咱们俩不合适。

He has read the most books out of anyone in our village.

Tā shì zánmen cūn lǐ dúshū zuì duō de rén.

他是咱們村裡讀書最多的人。

他是咱们村里读书最多的人。

If we tell him, what if he shackles us up and put us in prison, and even cut us up into pieces?

Zánmen ruò shuō chūlái, bǎ zánmen dìngliào shōujiān, hái bùdìng bǎ zánmen guǎ le ne?

咱們若說出來，把咱們釘鐐收監，還不定把咱們剮了呢？

咱们若说出来，把咱们钉镣收监，还不定把咱们剐了呢？

The Xiongnu think we wanted to entice them to come; they won't dare attack us.

2002, 林汉达 et al. (editor), 《新版上下五千年》, volume 1, page 314

Xiōngnú yǐwèi zánmen shì yào yǐn tāmen guòlái, yīdìng bùgǎn dǎ zánmen.

匈奴以為咱們是要引他們過來，一定不敢打咱們。

匈奴以为咱们是要引他们过来，一定不敢打咱们。


這些

/ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹ ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹ ɕi̯ɛ¹/

/ʈ͡ʂeɪ̯⁵¹ ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂeɪ̯⁵¹ ɕi̯ɛ¹/

/t͡sɛː³⁵ sɛː⁵⁵/

/t͡səʔ²⁻⁵⁴ ɕie¹¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹ ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹ ɕi̯ɛ¹/

/ʈ͡ʂeɪ̯⁵¹ ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂeɪ̯⁵¹ ɕi̯ɛ¹/

/t͡sɛː³⁵ sɛː⁵⁵/

/t͡səʔ²⁻⁵⁴ ɕie¹¹/

我們應該繼承這些傳統。

我们应该继承这些传统。

And God set them in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth.

新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 創世記 (Genesis) 1:17

jiù bǎ zhèxiē guāng bǎiliè zài tiānkōng, pǔzhào zài dìshàng

就把這些光擺列在天空，普照在地上

就把这些光摆列在天空，普照在地上


何處

/xɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹/

/hɔː²¹ t͡sʰyː³³/

/hɒ¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰy⁴²/

/hɒ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰy⁴²/

/ho²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰu²¹/

/ho²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰu⁴¹/

/ho¹³⁻²² t͡sʰu²¹/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰu¹¹/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ t͡sʰu²¹/

/ho⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰu²¹³/

/xɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹/

/hɔː²¹ t͡sʰyː³³/

/hɒ¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰy⁴²/

/hɒ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰy⁴²/

/ho²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰu²¹/

/ho²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰu⁴¹/

/ho¹³⁻²² t͡sʰu²¹/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰu¹¹/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ t͡sʰu²¹/

/ho⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰu²¹³/


不才

/pu⁵¹ t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/pɐt̚⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹/

/pu⁵¹ t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/pɐt̚⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹/

When you speak to me of “superior and inferior persons having mutual trust” and “ability and good character corresponding to position,” I am deeply moved. That my ability and character are not in keeping with my position is something of which I am keenly aware; and I am especially to be faulted when it comes to the question of trust.

c. mid-16th century, 宗臣 (Zong Chen),《報劉一丈書》, tr. Victor H. Mair

Zhì yǐ “shàngxià xiāng fú, cáidé chèn wèi” yù bùcái, zé bùcái yǒu shēngǎn yān. Fú cáidé bùchèn, gù zìzhī zhī yǐ; zhìyú bùfú zhī bìng, zé yóu bùcái wéishèn.

至以「上下相孚，才德稱位」語不才，則不才有深感焉。夫才德不稱，固自知之矣；至於不孚之病，則尤不才為甚。

至以「上下相孚，才德称位」语不才，则不才有深感焉。夫才德不称，固自知之矣；至于不孚之病，则尤不才为甚。

used without 的; GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)


妾身

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ⁵¹ ʂən⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ⁵¹ ʂən⁵⁵/


老夫

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu⁵⁵/

/lau²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/lau⁴¹⁻²² hu³³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/lau³³⁻¹¹ hu⁴⁴/

/lau³³⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu⁵⁵/

/lau²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/lau⁴¹⁻²² hu³³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/lau³³⁻¹¹ hu⁴⁴/

/lau³³⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

I take on a young man’s arrogance for a moment,
Pulling a yellow dog with my left hand,
And holding a goshawk with my right.

蘇軾 (Su Shi), 《江城子·密州出獵》 (To the tune of "River Town" - "Hunting in Mi Province") [late 11th century]. Translation by Qian Jia

Lǎofū liáo fā shàonián kuáng.
Zuǒ qiān huáng, yòu qíng cāng.

老夫聊發少年狂。
左牽黃，右擎蒼。

老夫聊发少年狂。
左牵黄，右擎苍。

I’ve never been fond of writing poetry;
But what else can I do in thraldom?

1942, 胡志明 (Hú Zhìmíng) (Hồ Chí Minh), 《獄中日記·開卷》 (Prison Diary, “Beginning the Diary”); translated based on Foreign Languages Publishing House's 1972 version

Lão phu nguyên bất ái ngâm thi,
Nhân vị tù trung vô sở vi.

老夫原不愛吟詩，
因為囚中無所為。

(old-fashioned or humorous) I; me (term of self-address used by an elderly man)

old couple married for a long time; autumn romance

老夫老妻

老夫少妻


小僧

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (小僧):
* → Japanese: 小(こ)僧(ぞう) (kozō)
* → Korean: 소승(小僧) (soseung)

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sɤŋ⁵⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sɤŋ⁵⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵/


使君

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

(archaic) provincial governor (during the Han Dynasty); governor of a zhou (country subdivision)


各自

/kɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/kɔːk̚³ t͡siː²²/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ⁴¹/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡su²²/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡su²²/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡su³³/

/kɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/kɔːk̚³ t͡siː²²/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ⁴¹/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡su²²/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡su²²/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡su³³/

each respectively; each one of them; each one of you


何事

/xɤ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/hɔː²¹ siː²²/

/xɤ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/hɔː²¹ siː²²/

If life remained the same as in th’ days we first met, Why should autumn wind make th’ painted fan grieve and fret?

circa 1655-1685, Nara Singde (納蘭性德),《木蘭花·擬古決絕詞柬友》

Rénshēng ruòzhǐ rú chūjiàn, héshì qiūfēng bēi huàshàn.

人生若只如初見，何事秋風悲畫扇。

人生若只如初见，何事秋风悲画扇。

Against man she should have no spite, Why then when people part is she oft full and bright?

c. 1076, Su Shi (蘇軾),《水調歌頭·中秋》, translated by Xu Yuanchong

Bùyīng yǒu hèn, héshì piān xiàng bié shí yuán?

不應有恨，何事偏向別時圓？

不应有恨，何事偏向别时圆？

You were left with lonely river and mountain amidst falling leaves. I pity you (along with myself) for being relegated to such a remote place without knowing why!

c. 773-777, Liu Changqing (劉長卿),《長沙過賈誼宅》

Jìjì jiāngshān yáoluò chù, lián jūn héshì dào tiānyá!

寂寂江山搖落處，憐君何事到天涯！

寂寂江山摇落处，怜君何事到天涯！


小子

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/siau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/siau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

2004, 高翀, “角马的故事” (10:39 from the start), in 家有儿女, season 1, episode 10, 高亚麟 (actor):

Wǒ zhèi cì jiù děng nǐ zhè jiā gōngsī ne! Ràng suǒyǒu de féishuǐ dōu liú dào nǐ xiǎozi dùzi lǐ. Tāshi le ba?

我这次就等你这家公司呢！让所有的肥水都流到你小子肚子里。踏实了吧？

我這次就等你這家公司呢！讓所有的肥水都流到你小子肚子裡。踏實了吧？

2006, 胡名波, “没男的毕业半年”, in 中国青年, 新浪新闻 republished edition:

Dāngwǎn, yuǎn zài Shēnzhèn de lǎo tóngxué dǎ lái diànhuà shuō: “Xiǎozi, bù cuò a! Yī xiàzi jiù nòng le ge zhǔrèn, ‘qián’ tú wúliàng ō.”

当晚，远在深圳的老同学打来电话说：“小子，不错啊！一下子就弄了个主任，‘钱’途无量哦。”

當晚，遠在深圳的老同學打來電話說：“小子，不錯啊！一下子就弄了個主任，‘錢’途無量哦。”

Used as an affectionate term for adult males that are not significantly older than the speaker.


小子

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/siau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/siau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

(literary, modest, used before one's elders) I; me


自身

Sino-Xenic (自身):
* → Japanese: 自身(じしん) (jishin)
* → Korean: 자신(自身) (jasin)

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ ʂən⁵⁵/

/t͡siː²² sɐn⁵⁵/

/t͡sy²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾liŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡su³³⁻¹¹ sin⁴⁴/

/t͡su³³⁻²¹ sin⁴⁴/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ sin⁴⁴/

/t͡sɯ⁴¹⁻²² sin³³/

/t͡sɯ³⁵⁻¹¹ siŋ³³/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ ʂən⁵⁵/

/t͡siː²² sɐn⁵⁵/

/t͡sy²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾liŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡su³³⁻¹¹ sin⁴⁴/

/t͡su³³⁻²¹ sin⁴⁴/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ sin⁴⁴/

/t͡sɯ⁴¹⁻²² sin³³/

/t͡sɯ³⁵⁻¹¹ siŋ³³/

Harm oneself (just like copper rusting).

Dè̤ng săng cĭng, hâi cê̤ṳ-sĭng. / [tøyŋ⁵³ saŋ⁵⁵ t͡siŋ⁵⁵ hɑi²⁴² t͡sy²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾liŋ⁵⁵]

銅生鉎，害自身。

铜生𰽫，害自身。


吾人

/ŋ̍²¹ jɐn²¹/

/ŋ̍²¹ jɐn²¹/


nili

Blend of Standard Chinese 你 (nǐ, “you”) and Korean 우리 (uri, “us”).

(Mainland China, fandom slang) your (plural)


邊個

/piːn⁵⁵ kɔː³³/

/piːn⁵⁵ kɔː³³/

太太，你搵邊個呀？

太太，你揾边个呀？

邊個好用用邊個。

边个好用用边个。


賤妾

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ⁵¹/

personal pronoun
personal pronoun#English

(archaic, humble) a personal pronoun used by women in ancient times


鄙人

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/pʰei̯³⁵ jɐn²¹/

/pʰi³¹ ŋin¹¹/

/pʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lin²⁴/

/pʰi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lin²⁴/

/pʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zin¹³/

/pʰi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ zin²³/

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/pʰei̯³⁵ jɐn²¹/

/pʰi³¹ ŋin¹¹/

/pʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lin²⁴/

/pʰi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lin²⁴/

/pʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zin¹³/

/pʰi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ zin²³/


吾等

Sino-Xenic (吾等):
* → Korean: 오등(吾等) (odeung)

/u³⁵ tɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋ̍²¹ tɐŋ³⁵/

/u³⁵ tɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋ̍²¹ tɐŋ³⁵/


主上

Sino-Xenic (主上):
* → Japanese: 主(しゅ)上(じょう) (shujō)
* → Korean: 주상(主上) (jusang)

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/t͡syː³⁵ sœːŋ²²/

/t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ³³/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ³³/

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/t͡syː³⁵ sœːŋ²²/

/t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ³³/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ³³/

(archaic) Your Highness; His Majesty (the emperor or monarch)


兩者

/li̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lœːŋ¹³ t͡sɛː³⁵/

/liɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sia⁵³/

/liɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sia⁵⁵⁴/

/liɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sia⁵³/

/liɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sia⁵³/

/liɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sia⁴¹/

/li̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lœːŋ¹³ t͡sɛː³⁵/

/liɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sia⁵³/

/liɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sia⁵⁵⁴/

/liɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sia⁵³/

/liɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sia⁵³/

/liɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sia⁴¹/


誰人

/ʂeɪ̯³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/ʂu̯eɪ̯³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/sɵy̯²¹ jɐn²¹/

/ʂeɪ̯³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/ʂu̯eɪ̯³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/sɵy̯²¹ jɐn²¹/

traditional, “點指兵兵 [dim² zi² bing¹ bing¹]” (counting rhyme):

dim² zi² bing¹ bing¹, dim² zoek⁶ seoi⁴ jan⁴ zou⁶ daai⁶ bing¹? dim² zi² caak⁶ caak⁶, dim² zoek⁶ seoi⁴ jan⁴ zou⁶ daai⁶ caak⁶?

點指兵兵，點著誰人做大兵？點指賊賊，點著誰人做大賊？

点指兵兵，点着谁人做大兵？点指贼贼，点着谁人做大贼？

2008, “無心害你”, 張美賢 [Sandy Chang] (lyrics), performed by 關菊英 [Susanna Kwan], opening theme of 溏心風暴之家好月圓 [Moonlight Resonance]:

As time goes on, who can rise in importance, and who will run out of luck?

si⁴ jat⁶ gwo³, seoi⁴ nang⁴ sing⁴ wai⁴ daai⁶ hei³, seoi⁴ jan⁴ cyun⁴ mou⁴ wan⁶ hei³?

時日過，誰能成為大器，誰人全無運氣？

时日过，谁能成为大器，谁人全无运气？


老子

Sino-Xenic (老子):
* → Japanese: 老(ろう)子(し) (rōshi)
* → Korean: 로자(老子) (roja), 노자(老子) (noja)
* → Vietnamese: Lão Tử (老子)

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lo³¹ t͡sɨ³¹/

/nɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/

/nɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/

/lo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/

/lɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/

/lau³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sɯ⁵²/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lo³¹ t͡sɨ³¹/

/nɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/

/nɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/

/lo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/

/lɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/

/lau³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sɯ⁵²/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/lau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/

/lau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/lɑʊ̯¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/lau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/

/lau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/lɑʊ̯¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

Laozi (also called Tao Te Ching, a book of philosophy supposedly written by Laozi)


本官

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/


足下

/t͡su³⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/t͡sʊk̚⁵ haː²²/

/t͡siɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ha²²/

/t͡siɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ ha⁴¹/

/t͡siɔk̚³²⁻⁵ ha²²/

/t͡siɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ha³³/

/t͡siɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ha³³/

/t͡su³⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/t͡sʊk̚⁵ haː²²/

/t͡siɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ha²²/

/t͡siɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ ha⁴¹/

/t͡siɔk̚³²⁻⁵ ha²²/

/t͡siɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ha³³/

/t͡siɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ha³³/


個人

Sino-Xenic (個人):
* → Japanese: 個(こ)人(じん) (kojin)
* → Korean: 개인(個人) (gaein)
* → Vietnamese: cá nhân (個人)

/kɤ⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/kɔː³³ jɐn²¹/

/ko⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lin²⁴/

/ko²¹⁻⁵³ lin²⁴/

/ko²¹⁻⁴² lin²⁴/

/ko¹¹⁻⁵³ lin²⁴/

/ko²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zin¹³/

/kɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ zin²³/

/ko³⁵⁻¹¹ d͡ziŋ⁵⁵/

/ko³⁵⁻¹¹ d͡zeŋ⁵⁵/

/kəʔ³³ n̠ʲin⁴⁴/

/kɤ⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/kɔː³³ jɐn²¹/

/ko⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lin²⁴/

/ko²¹⁻⁵³ lin²⁴/

/ko²¹⁻⁴² lin²⁴/

/ko¹¹⁻⁵³ lin²⁴/

/ko²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zin¹³/

/kɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ zin²³/

/ko³⁵⁻¹¹ d͡ziŋ⁵⁵/

/ko³⁵⁻¹¹ d͡zeŋ⁵⁵/

/kəʔ³³ n̠ʲin⁴⁴/


本人

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/pun⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ laŋ²³/

/pun⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/puŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ naŋ⁵⁵/

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/pun⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ laŋ²³/

/pun⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/puŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ naŋ⁵⁵/


某等

/moʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɐu̯¹³ tɐŋ³⁵/

/moʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɐu̯¹³ tɐŋ³⁵/


安所

/ˀän⁵⁵ su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ˀän⁵⁵ su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


自個

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ kɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ kɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ kɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ kɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Seeing the ups and downs of Wang Qiming's destiny as an expatriate, I wondered whether I would live a life with more flavours if I myself had gone.

2005 April 25, 千万资产孤身一人 35岁男人盘点十几年理财心得

Kàn zhe Wáng Qǐmíng de mìngyùn zài yìguótāxiāng qǐqǐluòluò, wǒ jiù zuómo zìgě yàoshì zhēn qù le huì bù huì yǎnyì gèngjiā suāntiánkǔlà de rénshēng.

看着王啟明的命運在異國他鄉起起落落，我就琢磨自個要是真去了會不會演義更加酸甜苦辣的人生。

2005 April 25, 千万资产孤身一人 35岁男人盘点十几年理财心得

看着王启明的命运在异国他乡起起落落，我就琢磨自个要是真去了会不会演义更加酸甜苦辣的人生。

It's Grandma's birthday on March 11 this year. Xiao'an was already half blind; holding a walking stick, he ran by himself to buy Grandma a cake.

2006 December 25, 范彦萍, 上海出现国内首个哀伤辅导机构 为丧子父母疗伤, in 上海青年报

Jīnnián 3 yuè 11 rì shì nǎinai shēngrì, Xiǎo'ān de yǎnjīng yǐ bàn xiā le, tā zhǔ zhe guǎizhàng zìgě pǎo qù wèi nǎinai mǎi dàngāo.

今年3月11日是奶奶生日，小安的眼睛已半瞎了，他拄着拐杖自個跑去為奶奶買蛋糕。

今年3月11日是奶奶生日，小安的眼睛已半瞎了，他拄着拐杖自个跑去为奶奶买蛋糕。

Xiaoqiang ran part of the way by himself, and when he looked back, he found out that Xiaoxiong met an acquaintance. He originally wanted to not care about him and just go home on his own, but because he was worried about Xiaoxiong, after hesitating for a little bit, he ran back eagerly.

2014, 漣馨漪, 每個女人都有一段江湖傳說, page 329

Xiǎoqiáng zìjǐ pǎo le yī duàn lù, huítóu fāxiàn Xiǎoxióng yùjiàn shúrén le, běn xiǎng bù lǐ tā, zìgě huíjiā, dàn dàgài yòu fàngxīn bùxià Xiǎoxióng, suǒyǐ tā yóuyù yīzhèn hòu, yòu pìdiānpìdiān dì pǎo le huílái.

小強自己跑了一段路，回頭發現小雄遇見熟人了，本想不理他，自個回家，但大概又放心不下小雄，所以它猶豫一陣後，又屁顛屁顛地跑了回來。

2014, 漣馨漪, 每個女人都有一段江湖傳說, page 329

小强自己跑了一段路，回头发现小雄遇见熟人了，本想不理他，自个回家，但大概又放心不下小雄，所以它犹豫一阵后，又屁颠屁颠地跑了回来。


自我

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ wɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡siː²² ŋɔː¹³/

/tu³² ᵑɡᵘɔ²¹/

/t͡sy²⁴²⁻⁵³ ŋu³³/

/t͡so¹¹ ŋɒ⁴⁵³/

/t͡so²¹ ŋɒ³³²/

/t͡su³³⁻¹¹ ŋɔ̃⁵³/

/t͡su³³⁻²¹ ŋɔ̃⁴¹/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ ŋɔ̃⁵³/

/t͡sɯ⁴¹⁻²² ŋɔ̃⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡si⁴¹⁻²² ŋɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sɯ³⁵⁻¹¹ ua⁵²/

/zz̩²² ŋu⁴⁴/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ wɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡siː²² ŋɔː¹³/

/tu³² ᵑɡᵘɔ²¹/

/t͡sy²⁴²⁻⁵³ ŋu³³/

/t͡so¹¹ ŋɒ⁴⁵³/

/t͡so²¹ ŋɒ³³²/

/t͡su³³⁻¹¹ ŋɔ̃⁵³/

/t͡su³³⁻²¹ ŋɔ̃⁴¹/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ ŋɔ̃⁵³/

/t͡sɯ⁴¹⁻²² ŋɔ̃⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡si⁴¹⁻²² ŋɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sɯ³⁵⁻¹¹ ua⁵²/

/zz̩²² ŋu⁴⁴/

自我展現

自我展现

自我提升

改造自我


某人

/moʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/mɐu̯¹³ jɐn²¹/

/mɛu²¹³⁻¹³ n̠ʲin³⁵/

/pɔu⁴⁵³⁻¹³ t͡siŋ¹³/

/pɔu³³²⁻⁵⁵ t͡siŋ²⁴/

/bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/bɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ laŋ¹³/

/bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/bɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ laŋ²³/

/moŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ naŋ⁵⁵/

/moʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/mɐu̯¹³ jɐn²¹/

/mɛu²¹³⁻¹³ n̠ʲin³⁵/

/pɔu⁴⁵³⁻¹³ t͡siŋ¹³/

/pɔu³³²⁻⁵⁵ t͡siŋ²⁴/

/bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/bɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ laŋ¹³/

/bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/bɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ laŋ²³/

/moŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ naŋ⁵⁵/

2001, Chiung Yao, 情深深雨濛濛, episode 11 (Mainland version)

Yīpíng qiàn Dà Shànghǎi duōshǎo qián, wǒ Lù mǒurén yīdìng rúshù guīhuán.

依萍欠大上海多少錢，我陸某人一定如數歸還。

依萍欠大上海多少钱，我陆某人一定如数归还。

(humble) Used in place of one's own given name to refer to oneself.


某事

/moʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/mɐu̯¹³ siː²²/

/moʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/mɐu̯¹³ siː²²/


錘子

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/t͡sʰɵy̯²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/t͡sʰɵy̯²¹ t͡siː³⁵/


奴才

/nu³⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/nu³⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯³/

/nou̯²¹ t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹/

/nuŋ¹¹ t͡sʰoi̯¹¹/

/lɔ²⁴⁻²² t͡sai²⁴/

/lɔ²⁴⁻²² t͡sai²⁴/

/lɔ¹³⁻²² t͡sai¹³/

/lɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sai²⁴/

/lɔ²³⁻³³ t͡sai²³/

/nou⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰai⁵⁵/

/nu³⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/nu³⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯³/

/nou̯²¹ t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹/

/nuŋ¹¹ t͡sʰoi̯¹¹/

/lɔ²⁴⁻²² t͡sai²⁴/

/lɔ²⁴⁻²² t͡sai²⁴/

/lɔ¹³⁻²² t͡sai¹³/

/lɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sai²⁴/

/lɔ²³⁻³³ t͡sai²³/

/nou⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰai⁵⁵/

;“first person pronoun of eunuchs and officials”

I, on behalf of the people throughout the world, [hereby] express my gratitude for the kindness of the empress dowager!

Núcái tì tiānxià bǎixìng gǎnjī huángtàihòu ēndiǎn!

奴才替天下百姓感激皇太后恩典！

(historical, humble) Used by court eunuchs and officials during the Qing dynasty when addressing the emperor, as a term of self-reference: I, the servant


您們

(dialectal, nonstandard) you (plural, polite)


寶寶

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴ b̥ɑʊ̯⁴/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/po⁵²⁻³⁵ po⁵²⁻²¹/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴ b̥ɑʊ̯⁴/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/po⁵²⁻³⁵ po⁵²⁻²¹/

A diminutive of 寶／宝 (bǎo, “treasure, precious”) formed by reduplication.

我的寶寶叫王小雲。

我的宝宝叫王小云。


寶寶

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴ b̥ɑʊ̯⁴/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/po⁵²⁻³⁵ po⁵²⁻²¹/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴ b̥ɑʊ̯⁴/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/po⁵²⁻³⁵ po⁵²⁻²¹/

I feel bitter, but I don't want to say [cute]

寶寶心裡苦，但寶寶不說

宝宝心里苦，但宝宝不说

嚇死本寶寶了！

吓死本宝宝了！

(neologism, slang, humorous) a cute-sounding first-person pronoun usually used by females: I; me


何等

/xɤ³⁵ tɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔː²¹ tɐŋ³⁵/

/ho⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɛiŋ³³/

/ho²⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ⁵³/

/ho¹³⁻²² tiɪŋ⁵³/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɪŋ⁵³/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ tiɪŋ⁴¹/

/hɔ²⁴⁻²² tŋ̍⁵⁵⁴/

/*ɡaːl tɯːŋʔ/

/xɤ³⁵ tɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔː²¹ tɐŋ³⁵/

/ho⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɛiŋ³³/

/ho²⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ⁵³/

/ho¹³⁻²² tiɪŋ⁵³/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɪŋ⁵³/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ tiɪŋ⁴¹/

/hɔ²⁴⁻²² tŋ̍⁵⁵⁴/

/*ɡaːl tɯːŋʔ/


各位

/kɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/kɔːk̚³ wɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/kɒʔ²¹⁻⁴² ui¹¹/

/kɒʔ²⁻⁴ ui²¹/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ui²²/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ ui⁴¹/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ ui²²/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ui³³/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ui³³/

/koʔ³³ ɦue⁴⁴/

/kɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/kɔːk̚³ wɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/kɒʔ²¹⁻⁴² ui¹¹/

/kɒʔ²⁻⁴ ui²¹/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ui²²/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ ui⁴¹/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ ui²²/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ui³³/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ui³³/

/koʔ³³ ɦue⁴⁴/

honourable leaders, distinguished guests

各位領導，各位來賓

各位领导，各位来宾

My shop will open for business next week, and all my friends and relatives are welcome to come.

Wǒ de diànpù xià ge xīngqī kāizhāng, huānyíng gèwèi qīnpénghǎoyǒu qiánlái.

我的店鋪下個星期開張，歡迎各位親朋好友前來。

我的店铺下个星期开张，欢迎各位亲朋好友前来。

I look forward to receiving guidance from the knowledgeable people present here.

Gèwèi zàizuò de gāorén kě děi duōduō zhǐjiào a.

各位在座的高人可得多多指教啊。

Does anyone have anything they would like to add?

Gèwèi háiyǒu shénme xūyào bǔchōng de ma?

各位還有什麼需要補充的嗎？

各位还有什么需要补充的吗？

多謝各位

多谢各位

ladies and gentlemen
ladies and gentlemen

(polite) ladies and gentlemen; everybody


哪些

/nä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/neɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/naː¹³ sɛː⁵⁵/

/nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ se⁴⁴/

/nã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sia³³/

/nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sa⁴⁴/

/lai̯⁴¹ ɕi̯e̞³/

/la̠⁴¹ ɕi̯e̞³/

/nä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/neɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/naː¹³ sɛː⁵⁵/

/nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ se⁴⁴/

/nã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sia³³/

/nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sa⁴⁴/

/lai̯⁴¹ ɕi̯e̞³/

/la̠⁴¹ ɕi̯e̞³/

What points should be paid attention to on the day of the civil service examination?

Gōngwùyuán kǎoshì dāngtiān yīnggāi zhùyì nǎxiē yàodiǎn?

公務員考試當天應該注意哪些要點？

公务员考试当天应该注意哪些要点？

(in the plural, interrogative) which ones?; what (preceding a noun implied to be plural)


某處

/moʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹/

/mɐu̯¹³ syː³³/

/mɐu̯¹³ t͡sʰyː³³/

/moʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹/

/mɐu̯¹³ syː³³/

/mɐu̯¹³ t͡sʰyː³³/


我哋

/ŋɔː¹³ tei̯²²/

/ŋɔː¹³ tei̯²²/

我哋係朋友。

我哋系朋友。


佢哋

/kʰɵy̯¹³ tei̯²²/

/kʰɵy̯¹³ tei̯²²/

佢哋係學生。

佢哋系学生。

Don't touch the rats; they are so dirty.

m⁴ hou² mo² di¹ lou⁵ syu² laa¹, keoi⁵ dei⁶ gam³ wu¹ zou¹ laat⁶ taat³.

唔好摸啲老鼠啦，佢哋咁污糟邋遢。


一應

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ iŋ⁵⁵/

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ iŋ⁵⁵/


本身

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂən⁵⁵/

/pun⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sin³³/

/puŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ siŋ³³/

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂən⁵⁵/

/pun⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sin³³/

/puŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ siŋ³³/


小女子

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ny²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːu̯³⁵ nɵy̯¹³ t͡siː³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ny²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːu̯³⁵ nɵy̯¹³ t͡siː³⁵/

(dated, humble, used by a young woman) I


敝邑

/pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

In my city we are exchanging our children and eating them, and splitting up their bones for fuel.

敝邑易子而食，析骸以爨。

(archaic, chiefly pre-Qin, humble) my country, town, or city-state (formulaic humble term among the nobility, referring to the speaker's own place of origin)


細佬

/sɐi̯³³ lou̯³⁵/

/sɐi̯³³ lou̯³⁵/

開學未呀，細佬？

开学未呀，细佬？

(Cantonese) A term of address for little boys whom one does not know well.


君侯

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ xoʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ xoʊ̯³⁵/

(archaic) you (respectful way to address an official)


阿娘

/ˀä⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/a²⁴ niɑŋ²⁴/

/aː³³ nœːŋ²¹/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niã²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²⁴/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niã²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²³/

/an⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niã²⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ nie⁵⁵/

/a³³⁻²³ nio⁵⁵/

/a⁵⁵ n̠ʲiã²¹/

/aʔ³³ n̠ʲiã⁴⁴/

/ˀä⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/a²⁴ niɑŋ²⁴/

/aː³³ nœːŋ²¹/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niã²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²⁴/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niã²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²³/

/an⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niã²⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ nie⁵⁵/

/a³³⁻²³ nio⁵⁵/

/a⁵⁵ n̠ʲiã²¹/

/aʔ³³ n̠ʲiã⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niũ²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niɔ̃¹³/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niũ²⁴/

/an⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niũ²⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ nia⁵⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niũ²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niɔ̃¹³/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niũ²⁴/

/an⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niũ²⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ nia⁵⁵/

(Southern Min, dated, in love songs) you (female singular)


阿娘

/ˀä⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/a²⁴ niɑŋ²⁴/

/aː³³ nœːŋ²¹/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niã²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²⁴/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niã²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²³/

/an⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niã²⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ nie⁵⁵/

/a³³⁻²³ nio⁵⁵/

/a⁵⁵ n̠ʲiã²¹/

/aʔ³³ n̠ʲiã⁴⁴/

/ˀä⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/a²⁴ niɑŋ²⁴/

/aː³³ nœːŋ²¹/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niã²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²⁴/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niã²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²³/

/an⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niã²⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ nie⁵⁵/

/a³³⁻²³ nio⁵⁵/

/a⁵⁵ n̠ʲiã²¹/

/aʔ³³ n̠ʲiã⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niũ²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niɔ̃¹³/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niũ²⁴/

/an⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niũ²⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ nia⁵⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niũ²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niɔ̃¹³/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niũ²⁴/

/an⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niũ²⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ nia⁵⁵/

(Quanzhou Hokkien) to assume the behaviour of a young rich lady


吾曹

/u³⁵ t͡sʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/ŋ̍²¹ t͡sʰou̯²¹/

/u³⁵ t͡sʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/ŋ̍²¹ t͡sʰou̯²¹/


自家

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/t͡sz̩²¹³ t͡ɕia⁵⁵/

/t͡siː²² kaː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ ka²⁴/

/t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ ka²⁴/

/t͡sʰɨ³³ ka⁵³/

/t͡sʰz̩¹¹ ka⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰz̩⁵³ ka⁴⁴/

/t͡sz̩⁴⁵ t͡ɕia¹¹/

/t͡si²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾a⁵⁵/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ ka⁴⁴/

/t͡su³³⁻²¹ ka⁴⁴/

/t͡su³³⁻¹¹ ka⁴⁴/

/zz̩²³ kɑ¹¹/

/zz̩²² kɑ³³/

/t͡sz̩²¹⁻¹¹ ka̠³/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/t͡sz̩²¹³ t͡ɕia⁵⁵/

/t͡siː²² kaː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ ka²⁴/

/t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ ka²⁴/

/t͡sʰɨ³³ ka⁵³/

/t͡sʰz̩¹¹ ka⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰz̩⁵³ ka⁴⁴/

/t͡sz̩⁴⁵ t͡ɕia¹¹/

/t͡si²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾a⁵⁵/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ ka⁴⁴/

/t͡su³³⁻²¹ ka⁴⁴/

/t͡su³³⁻¹¹ ka⁴⁴/

/zz̩²³ kɑ¹¹/

/zz̩²² kɑ³³/

/t͡sz̩²¹⁻¹¹ ka̠³/

Nguāi cê-gă kó̤-mā̤. / [ŋuai³³ t͡si²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾a⁵⁵ kʰo²¹³⁻⁵³ mɛ³³]

我自家去買。

我自家去买。

Buăk-dō̤, cê-gă bà kī>ī. / [puaʔ⁵⁻³³ to³³ t͡si²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾a⁵⁵ pa⁵³ i³³]

跋倒，自家爬起。

⁶zy-ka₁-gheq₈ ¹kon-khu₅ ⁵hau ⁶zy-ka₁ ⁵tsu

自家個功課好自家做。

自家个功课好自家做。


阿拉

tlb

(chiefly Wu, including Ningbonese and Shanghainese)

/aː³³ laː⁵⁵/

/aʔ³³ laʔ⁴⁴/

/ɐʔ³³ lɐʔ³⁴/

/aː³³ laː⁵⁵/

/aʔ³³ laʔ⁴⁴/

/ɐʔ³³ lɐʔ³⁴/

Originally Ningbonese. Due to an influx of migrants from Ningbo to Shanghai, this has supplanted the original Shanghainese 我伲 or 伲.
阿 is from 我 (MC ngaX, “I; me”). 拉 is a plural marker, also seen in 伊拉 (“they; them”).

We Shanghainese grew up drinking coffee.

⁷aq-la ⁶zaon-he-gnin ⁶zy ⁷chiq ¹kha-fi ⁵tsan ⁶du ⁰gheq

阿拉上海人是吃咖啡長大個。

阿拉上海人是吃咖啡长大个。

⁷aq-la ⁶lian-gheq ⁶gnin ⁶zy ⁵hau-ban-yeu

阿拉兩個人是好朋友。

阿拉两个人是好朋友。

You are being unreasonable; I’m not talking to you anymore. [cute-sounding]

⁶non ⁶veq₈-kaon ⁶dau-li ⁷aq-la ⁶veq₈-tshe ⁶non

儂勿講道理，阿拉勿睬儂！

侬勿讲道理，阿拉勿睬侬！

1976, “追求三部曲”, in 半斤八兩 (“The Private Eyes”), performed by 許冠傑 [Sam Hui]:

sat⁶ zoi⁶ aa³ laa¹ min⁶ mung² gim¹ sam¹ zeng¹

實在阿拉面懵兼心精

实在阿拉面懵兼心精

2022 April 25, ““阿拉是上海女儿！”来自邵阿姨的守护”, in 人民网 [People's Daily]:

"I'm a Shanghainese woman! I want to display the true Shanghai"

“Ālā shì Shànghǎi nǚ'ér! Wǒ yào zhǎnshì zhēnshí de Shànghǎi”

「阿拉是上海女兒！我要展示真實的上海」

「阿拉是上海女儿！我要展示真实的上海」

"From youth I was born in Shanghai. Later I moved to Macau, and lived there for 40 years. […] "

“Ālā cóngxiǎo shēng zài Shànghǎi, hòulái yíjū Àomén, zàiwài zhù le sìshí nián. [... ]”

「阿拉從小生在上海，後來移居澳門，在外住了四十年。[…]」

「阿拉从小生在上海，后来移居澳门，在外住了四十年。[…]」


吾家

/u³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/u³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/


愚者

/y³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jyː²¹ t͡sɛː³⁵/

/y³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jyː²¹ t͡sɛː³⁵/

(literal) fool (person with poor judgement or little intelligence)


愚者

/y³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jyː²¹ t͡sɛː³⁵/

/y³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jyː²¹ t͡sɛː³⁵/


彼此

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (彼此):
* → Japanese: 彼此(ひし) (hishi)
* → Korean: 피차(彼此) (picha)

/pi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʰz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pəi¹¹⁻¹² t͡sʰz̩¹¹/

/pei̯³⁵ t͡sʰiː³⁵/

/pi²¹³⁻²⁴ t͡sʰz̩²¹³/

/pi³¹ t͡sʰɨ³¹/

/pi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰu⁴¹/

/pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰu⁵³/

/pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰi⁵⁵⁴/

/pi⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰɯ⁵²⁻²¹/

/pi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʰz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pəi¹¹⁻¹² t͡sʰz̩¹¹/

/pei̯³⁵ t͡sʰiː³⁵/

/pi²¹³⁻²⁴ t͡sʰz̩²¹³/

/pi³¹ t͡sʰɨ³¹/

/pi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰu⁴¹/

/pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰu⁵³/

/pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰi⁵⁵⁴/

/pi⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰɯ⁵²⁻²¹/

彼此相愛

彼此相爱

彼此兼容

When relating to others, one should not have an attitude of merely worrying about one's own affairs — we should care for and help one another.

Yǔ rén xiāngchǔ bù yīng huái zhe zì sǎo ménqián xuě de xīntài, yīngdāng bǐcǐ guānhuái, hùxiāng bāngzhù.

與人相處不應懷著自掃門前雪的心態，應當彼此關懷，互相幫助。

与人相处不应怀着自扫门前雪的心态，应当彼此关怀，互相帮助。

(humble, often reduplicated) used in replies to others' words of praise; you too


怎麼著

/t͡sən²¹⁴ mə⁴ ɖ͡ʐ̥ə¹/

/t͡sən²¹⁴ mə⁴ ɖ͡ʐ̥ɑʊ̯¹/

/t͡sɐm³⁵ mɔː⁵⁵ t͡sœːk̚²/

/t͡sən²¹⁴ mə⁴ ɖ͡ʐ̥ə¹/

/t͡sən²¹⁴ mə⁴ ɖ͡ʐ̥ɑʊ̯¹/

/t͡sɐm³⁵ mɔː⁵⁵ t͡sœːk̚²/

What do you want? / What do you want to do?

你想怎麼著？

你想怎么着？

(colloquial) Used to serve as a substitute for a verb phrase or a noun phrase; what; how


老朽

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(literary, humble, as self-address by an old person) I, the old and infirm


我輩

/wɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ peɪ̯⁵¹/

/ŋɔː¹³ puːi̯³³/

/ŋo³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βui²¹³/

/ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pue¹¹/

/ŋɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pue²¹/

/wɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ peɪ̯⁵¹/

/ŋɔː¹³ puːi̯³³/

/ŋo³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βui²¹³/

/ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pue¹¹/

/ŋɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pue²¹/

For hundreds of years, war rages on; we are Bu-tik

sò͘ pah nî, chiàn bē soah, ngó͘-pòe bú-tek

數百年 戰袂煞 我輩武德

数百年 战袂煞 我辈武德


㕰

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 口 + phonetic 毛 (OC *maːw, *maːws).


邊度

佢邊度肥啫？

佢边度肥啫？

(Cantonese) how (used in rhetorical questions)


那位

/nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/naː¹³ wɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/naː¹³ wɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/


神馬

/ʂən³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂən³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

horse, or sometimes ema, used to offer sacrifices in Japanese Shinto


彼等

/pi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pei̯³⁵ tɐŋ³⁵/

/pi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pei̯³⁵ tɐŋ³⁵/


本尊

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su̯ən⁵⁵/

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su̯ən⁵⁵/

a first person pronoun used by deities in Chinese fiction


牠們

/tʰä⁵⁵ mən²/

/tʰaː⁵⁵ muːn²¹/

/tʰä⁵⁵ mən²/

/tʰaː⁵⁵ muːn²¹/


老漢

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xän⁵¹/

/lɔ⁵¹ xæ̃²⁴/

/lou̯¹³ hɔːn³³/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xän⁵¹/

/lɔ⁵¹ xæ̃²⁴/

/lou̯¹³ hɔːn³³/


我儂

→ Malay: kita orang, kitorang (calque)

/wɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ nʊŋ³⁵/

/kuaʔ³²⁻⁴ naŋ¹³/

/kuaʔ³²⁻⁴ naŋ²⁴/

/ɡua⁴²⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/ua⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ laŋ²³/

/ua⁴²⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/ŋu²² noŋ⁴⁴/

/ɦu²² noŋ⁴⁴/

/wɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ nʊŋ³⁵/

/kuaʔ³²⁻⁴ naŋ¹³/

/kuaʔ³²⁻⁴ naŋ²⁴/

/ɡua⁴²⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/ua⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ laŋ²³/

/ua⁴²⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/ŋu²² noŋ⁴⁴/

/ɦu²² noŋ⁴⁴/

(dialectal, chiefly Wu, Gan, Puxian Min) I; me

(dialectal Eastern Min, Malaysian Hokkien, Singapore Hokkien and Longyan Min, Hainanese, Leizhou Min) we; us


二者

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː²² t͡sɛː³⁵/

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː²² t͡sɛː³⁵/


伊面

† - there (close to audience); ‡ - over there


呢度

我嘅地埗喺呢度。

問題就喺呢度。

问题就喺呢度。

Keep the secrets. (Literally: [What we have] talked here [will] disappear here.)

呢度講，呢度散。

呢度讲，呢度散。


嗰度

/kɔː³⁵ tou̯²²/

/kɔː⁵⁵ tou̯²²/

/kɔː³⁵ tou̯²²/

/kɔː⁵⁵ tou̯²²/

How's the weather over there in Beijing?

bak¹ ging¹ go² dou⁶ ge³ tin¹ hei³ dim² joeng⁶⁻²?

北京嗰度嘅天氣點樣？

北京嗰度嘅天气点样？


人哋

(Cantonese, chiefly women's speech, endearing) I; me (first-person singular pronoun)


呢啲

/niː⁵⁵ tiː⁵⁵/

/niː⁵⁵ tiː⁵⁵/

Don't buy food (these foods) with preservatives!

m⁴ hou² maai⁵ ni¹ di¹ jau⁵ fong⁴ fu⁶ zai¹ ge³ sik⁶ mat⁶!

唔好買呢啲有防腐劑嘅食物！

唔好买呢啲有防腐剂嘅食物！

I don't want to hear these excuses again.

ngo⁵ m⁴ soeng² zoi³ teng¹ dou² ni¹ di¹ zik⁶ hau².

我唔想再聽到呢啲藉口。

我唔想再听到呢啲借口。

1888, James Dyer Ball, Cantonese Made Easy, page 22:

呢啲係乜野貨呢。

呢啲系乜野货呢。


嗰啲

/kɔː³⁵ tiː⁵⁵/

/kɔː³⁵ tiː⁵⁵/

keoi⁵ gam¹ jat⁶ se² go² di¹ je⁵ mat¹ je⁵ dou¹ gau² m⁴ daap³ baat³.

佢今日寫嗰啲嘢，乜嘢都九唔搭八。

佢今日写嗰啲嘢，乜嘢都九唔搭八。


邊處

/piːn⁵⁵ syː³³⁻³⁵/

/piːn⁵⁵ syː³³⁻³⁵/

(Cantonese, slightly dated) how (used in rhetorical questions)


我伲

/ŋu²² n̠ʲi⁴⁴/

/ŋəu²³ n̠ʲi¹¹/

/ŋu²² n̠ʲi⁴⁴/

/ŋəu²³ n̠ʲi¹¹/

Cedao Ngunik Dungc Lu Sin Siensang k Si, Nguni iao Huonzen Hi lag Venz Kekeg Fangmien Peg Nguni k Ig'cig Kiaoxyn!

1987 [1938 October 19], 倪海曙, quoting 上海新文字研究會, 拉丁化新文字運動的始末和編年紀事, item 320:

Mourning our comrade Lu Xun, we need to accomplish his teachings he has given us in script reform!

追悼我伲格同志魯迅先生格死，我伲要完成伊勒文字改革方面撥我伲格一切教訓！

追悼我伲格同志鲁迅先生格死，我伲要完成伊勒文字改革方面拨我伲格一切教训！


伊拉

/ɦi²² laʔ⁴⁴/

/ɦi²² laʔ⁴⁴/


乜嘢嘢

med¹ yé⁵ yé⁵

/mɐt̚⁵ jɛː¹³ jɛː¹³/

/mɐt̚⁵ jɛː¹³ jɛː¹³/

你做緊乜嘢嘢呀？

你做紧乜嘢嘢呀？


什麼樣

/ʂən³⁵ mə³ jɑŋ⁵¹/

/sɐm²² mɔː⁵⁵ jœːŋ²²/

/ʂən³⁵ mə³ jɑŋ⁵¹/

/sɐm²² mɔː⁵⁵ jœːŋ²²/

I know better than anyone else what kind of person you are.

Nǐ shì yīge shénmeyàng de rén, wǒ bǐ shéi dōu qīngchu.

你是一個什麼樣的人，我比誰都清楚。

你是一个什么样的人，我比谁都清楚。

What is the difference between these two?

Zhè liǎng ge zhījiān dàodǐ yǒu shénmeyàng de qūbié?

這兩個之間到底有什麼樣的區別？

这两个之间到底有什么样的区别？


搿個

搿个
箇個/箇个
搿格
搿葛
格個
格格
格葛
葛個
葛格
葛葛
個個

/ɡəʔ¹¹ ɡəʔ²³/

/ɡəʔ¹¹ əʔ²³/

/ɡəʔ¹¹ ɦəʔ²³/

/ɡəʔ¹¹ ɡəʔ²³/

/ɡəʔ¹¹ əʔ²³/

/ɡəʔ¹¹ ɦəʔ²³/


搿搭

/ɡəʔ¹¹ taʔ²³/

/ɡəʔ³³ taʔ⁴⁴/

/ɡəʔ¹¹ taʔ²³/

/ɡəʔ³³ taʔ⁴⁴/

Over here is Jiangsu, over there is Zhejiang.

⁸geq-taq ⁶zy ¹kaon-su ¹e-taq ⁶zy ⁷tseq-kaon

搿搭是江蘇，埃搭是浙江。

搿搭是江苏，埃搭是浙江。


星期幾

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ kʰei̯²¹ kei̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ kʰi⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kui⁵²/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ kʰei̯²¹ kei̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ kʰi⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kui⁵²/

今天星期幾？

今天星期几？

Which day of the week do you usually go play badminton?

nei⁵ ping⁴ si⁴ sing¹ kei⁴ gei² heoi³ daa² jyu⁵ mou⁴ kau⁴ gaa³?

你平時星期幾去打羽毛球㗎？

你平时星期几去打羽毛球㗎？


個個

/kɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ kɤ⁵¹/

/kɔː³³ kɔː³³/

/e²³⁻³³ e²³/

/e²⁴⁻¹¹ e²⁴/

/e²⁴⁻²² e²⁴/

/e¹³⁻²² e¹³/

/ko²⁴⁻¹¹ ko²⁴/

/ko²⁴⁻²² ko²⁴/

/ko¹³⁻²² ko¹³/

/kɤ²³⁻³³ kɤ²³/

/ɡe²⁴⁻²² ɡe²⁴/

/kɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ kɤ⁵¹/

/kɔː³³ kɔː³³/

/e²³⁻³³ e²³/

/e²⁴⁻¹¹ e²⁴/

/e²⁴⁻²² e²⁴/

/e¹³⁻²² e¹³/

/ko²⁴⁻¹¹ ko²⁴/

/ko²⁴⁻²² ko²⁴/

/ko¹³⁻²² ko¹³/

/kɤ²³⁻³³ kɤ²³/

/ɡe²⁴⁻²² ɡe²⁴/

ngo⁵ dei⁶ go³ go³ dou¹ hai⁶ zing¹ jing¹.

我哋個個都係精英。

我哋个个都系精英。

唔係個個鍾意佢。

唔系个个钟意佢。


乜水

/mɐt̚⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

/mɐt̚⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/


物代

/mĩ(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tai²²/

/mĩ(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tai²²/

(Hokkien, chiefly Kinmenese and Penghu Hokkien) what


啥人

薩寧
啥儂
甚人/什人
甚儂/什侬
誰人
誰儂
誰
倽
上
仩

/siã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/siã⁴²⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/siã⁵³⁻⁵⁵ laŋ²⁴/

/siã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ laŋ²³/

/siã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/sã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ laŋ¹³/

/sɑ⁵² n̠ʲin³³/

/soʔ⁵⁵ n̠ʲiŋ³³/

/səu⁵⁵ n̠ʲiŋ³³/

/so⁵⁵ n̠ʲiŋ³³/

/siã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/siã⁴²⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/siã⁵³⁻⁵⁵ laŋ²⁴/

/siã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ laŋ²³/

/siã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/sã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ laŋ¹³/

/sɑ⁵² n̠ʲin³³/

/soʔ⁵⁵ n̠ʲiŋ³³/

/səu⁵⁵ n̠ʲiŋ³³/

/so⁵⁵ n̠ʲiŋ³³/

Who had known that there will be a blackout tonight?

⁵sa-gnin ⁵shiau-teq ¹cin-zau ⁶ya-li ⁶din ⁶di

啥人曉得今朝夜裏停電？

啥人晓得今朝夜里停电？

(Can we date this quote?), “家後 [Wife]”, performed by 江蕙 [Jody Chiang]:

[I] have already thoroughly seen the ways of the world. Who is more important than you?

Lîn-chêng-sè-sū í-keng khòaⁿ-thàu-thàu, ū siáⁿ-lâng pí lí khah tiōng-iàu?

人情世事已經看透透，有啥人比你卡重要？

人情世事已经看透透，有啥人比你卡重要？

2023, Wong Kar-wai, 繁花 [fánhuā, Blossoms Shanghai], episode 1, spoken by Ah Bao (Hu Ge):

儂尋啥人啊？

侬寻啥人啊？

仙人拍鼓有時錯，跤步踏差啥人無 / 仙人拍鼓有时错，跤步踏差啥人无

sian-jîn phah kó͘ iú sî chhò, kha-pō͘ ta̍h-chha siáⁿ-lâng bô


何許

/xɤ³⁵ ɕy²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔː²¹ hɵy̯³⁵/

/xɤ³⁵ ɕy²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔː²¹ hɵy̯³⁵/

It is unknown where "The Master" hails from.

c. 4th century, Tao Yuanming, Life of the 'Master of Five Willows' (《五柳先生傳》)

先生不知何許人也。

先生不知何许人也。


有啲

/jɐu̯¹³ tiː⁵⁵/

/jɐu̯¹³ tiː⁵⁵/

有啲人中意食榴槤。

有啲人中意食榴梿。


有啲

/jɐu̯¹³ tiː⁵⁵/

/jɐu̯¹³ tiː⁵⁵/

You want it by tomorrow? That leaves me with too little time.

nei⁵ teng¹ ting¹ zau⁶ jiu³? jau⁵ di¹ man³ bo³.

你聽日就要？有啲𠍁噃。

你听日就要？有啲𠍁噃。

(Cantonese) a little; slightly; somewhat


嗰個

/kɔː³⁵ kɔː³³/

/kɔː³⁵ kɔː³³/


胡為

/xu³⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/wuː²¹ wɐi̯²²/

/xu³⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/wuː²¹ wɐi̯²²/

But why does he call us to action, without coming and consulting with us?

The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

胡為我作，不即我謀？

胡为我作，不即我谋？

The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE

胡為其不然也？

胡为其不然也？


諸位

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (諸位):
* → Korean: 제위(諸位) (jewi)
* → Vietnamese: chư vị (諸位)

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ wɐi̯²²/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² ui²²/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ ui³³/

/t͡sɯ³³ ui⁴¹/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ wɐi̯²²/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² ui²²/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ ui³³/

/t͡sɯ³³ ui⁴¹/

(polite) everyone; ladies and gentlemen; sirs; you (often as a form of address)


寡人

/ku̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/kʷaː³⁵ jɐn²¹/

/kuã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ zin²³/

/ku̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/kʷaː³⁵ jɐn²¹/

/kuã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ zin²³/

Kong Yingda explains this term as 寡德之人 (guǎdé zhī rén "person of meagre virtue").

King Hui of Liang said, "I have exerted my mind to the utmost for my kingdom."

Liáng Huì Wáng yuē: “Guǎrén zhī yú guó yě, jìnxīn yān ěr yǐ.”

梁惠王曰：「寡人之於國也，盡心焉耳矣。」

梁惠王曰：「寡人之于国也，尽心焉耳矣。」

So the King summoned Lin Xiangru and asked, "The King of Qin has proposed bartering fifteen towns for my jade (Heshibi). Can I give him (my jade)?"

The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

Yúshì wáng zhàojiàn, wèn Lìn Xiàngrú yuē: “Qín wáng yǐ shíwǔ chéng qǐng yì guǎrén zhī bì, kě yǔ fǒu?”

於是王召見，問藺相如曰：「秦王以十五城請易寡人之璧，可予不？」

于是王召见，问蔺相如曰：「秦王以十五城请易寡人之璧，可予不？」

(imperial, humble, archaic) I; we; "lonesome one" (similar to the royal we; first person pronoun reserved for use by monarchs to refer to themselves when speaking to their subordinates)

In thinking of our deceased lord, she encouraged me.

先君之思、以勗寡人。

先君之思、以勖寡人。

(noble, archaic) I (first-person pronoun used by the wife of a feudal prince)


寡人

/ku̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/kʷaː³⁵ jɐn²¹/

/kuã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ zin²³/

/ku̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/kʷaː³⁵ jɐn²¹/

/kuã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ zin²³/


這麼樣

/ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹ mə¹ jɑŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sɛː³⁵ mɔː⁵⁵ jœːŋ²²/

/ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹ mə¹ jɑŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sɛː³⁵ mɔː⁵⁵ jœːŋ²²/

這麼樣的一個朋友

这么样的一个朋友

你不能這麼樣做。

你不能这么样做。


你我

/ni²¹⁴⁻³⁵ wɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nei̯¹³ ŋɔː¹³/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡua⁵³/

/li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡua⁴¹/

/ni²¹⁴⁻³⁵ wɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nei̯¹³ ŋɔː¹³/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡua⁵³/

/li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡua⁴¹/

you and I; we (including both the speaker and the person(s) addressed)


呢個

/niː⁵⁵ kɔː³³/

/nei̯⁵⁵ kɔː³³/

/niː⁵⁵ kɔː³³/

/nei̯⁵⁵ kɔː³³/


咩嘢

/mɛː⁵⁵ jɛː¹³/

/mɛː⁵⁵ ɛː¹³/

/mɛː⁵⁵ jɛː¹³/

/mɛː⁵⁵ ɛː¹³/

(Cantonese) alternative form of 乜嘢 (mat1 je5, mi1 je5)


嗰陣

/kɔː³⁵ t͡sɐn²²/

/kɔː³⁵ t͡sɐn²²⁻³⁵/

/kɔː³⁵ t͡sɐn²²/

/kɔː³⁵ t͡sɐn²²⁻³⁵/

宋朝嗰陣

宋朝嗰阵

The president of the time was really not that different from Obama.

go² zan⁶ ge³ zung² tung² zan¹ hai⁶ tung⁴ ou³ baa¹ maa⁵ caa¹ m⁴ do¹.

嗰陣嘅總統真係同奧巴馬差唔多。

嗰阵嘅总统真系同奥巴马差唔多。

ngo⁵ tau⁴ sin¹ mou⁵ sik⁶ joek⁶ aa³, ngo⁵ geng¹ jan¹ gaan¹ zaa¹ ce¹ go² zan⁶⁻² hap¹ ngaan⁵ fan³.

我頭先冇食藥呀，我驚因間揸車嗰陣瞌眼瞓。

我头先冇食药呀，我惊因间揸车嗰阵瞌眼𰥛。

GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)


邊啲

邊啲係我㗎？

边啲系我㗎？


乜誰

/mɐt̚⁵ sɵy̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/mɐt̚⁵ sɵy̯²¹/

/mɐt̚⁵ sɵy̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/mɐt̚⁵ sɵy̯²¹/

吓？佢乜誰嚟㗎？

吓？佢乜谁嚟㗎？

When Jesus came into the coasts of Caesarea Philippi, he asked his disciples, saying, Whom do men say that I the Son of man am?

1882, 《馬太福音傳》（羊城土話）, chapter 16, verse 13

je⁴ sou¹ dou³ goi¹ saat³ lei⁶ aa³ fei⁴ lap⁶ bei² ge³ ging² gaai³, man⁶ mun⁴ sang¹ waa⁶, jan⁴ dei⁶ waa⁶ ngo⁵ jan⁴ zi² hai⁶ mat¹ seoi⁴⁻² ne¹.

耶穌到該撒利亞腓立比嘅境界、問門生話、人哋話我人子係乜誰呢。

耶稣到该撒利亚腓立比嘅境界、问门生话、人哋话我人子系乜谁呢。


我人

/uɛ⁴² neiŋ³³/

/ɡua⁴²⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/ua⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ laŋ²³/

/uɛ⁴² neiŋ³³/

/ɡua⁴²⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/ua⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ laŋ²³/

(dialectal Gan, Huizhou, Northern Min, dialectal Eastern Min, Malaysian and Singapore Hokkien, Leizhou Min, dialectal Wu) we; us


家己

/ka⁵³³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾e¹³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ ki³³/

/ka³³⁻²¹ ki²¹/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² ki²²/

/kai⁴¹⁻²² ki⁴¹/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² ti²²/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ ti³³/

/kai⁴⁴⁻²² ki²²/

/kiɛ³³⁴ ki²¹/

/ka³³⁻²³ ki¹¹/

/ka³³⁻²³ ti¹¹/

/ka³⁵⁻³³ ki³⁵/

/ka⁵³³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾e¹³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ ki³³/

/ka³³⁻²¹ ki²¹/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² ki²²/

/kai⁴¹⁻²² ki⁴¹/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² ti²²/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ ti³³/

/kai⁴⁴⁻²² ki²²/

/kiɛ³³⁴ ki²¹/

/ka³³⁻²³ ki¹¹/

/ka³³⁻²³ ti¹¹/

/ka³⁵⁻³³ ki³⁵/

家自
自己
骹己
交己
甲己
家治
甲治
加治
加忌
皆治
皆忌
佳已
膠己

(Southern Min, Puxian Min) self; oneself


啥物

啥乜
啥麼
甚麼/什麼/什么
省乜
啥米
蝦米

/siã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mĩʔ⁴/

/siã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ mĩʔ⁴/

/siã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ mĩʔ³²/

/siã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ mĩʔ⁵/

/siã⁵³⁻²⁴ mĩʔ³²/

/siã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mĩʔ³²/

/siam⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ miʔ⁵/

/siam⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ mĩʔ⁵/

/sã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mĩʔ¹²¹/

/siam⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ mĩʔ⁴/

/siam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mĩʔ⁴/

/siã⁵⁵⁻³⁵ mĩ⁵⁵/

/siã⁵³⁻⁵⁵ mĩ⁵³/

/siã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mẽʔ³²/

/sã(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ mĩʔ¹²¹/

/siã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mĩʔ⁴/

/siã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ mĩʔ⁴/

/siã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ mĩʔ³²/

/siã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ mĩʔ⁵/

/siã⁵³⁻²⁴ mĩʔ³²/

/siã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mĩʔ³²/

/siam⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ miʔ⁵/

/siam⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ mĩʔ⁵/

/sã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mĩʔ¹²¹/

/siam⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ mĩʔ⁴/

/siam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mĩʔ⁴/

/siã⁵⁵⁻³⁵ mĩ⁵⁵/

/siã⁵³⁻⁵⁵ mĩ⁵³/

/siã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mẽʔ³²/

/sã(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ mĩʔ¹²¹/

啥物代誌？

啥物代志？

你叫啥物名？


恁爸

→ English: limpeh, lim peh, limpei

/lin⁴²⁻²⁴ pe²²/

/lin⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pe²²/

/lin³¹⁻²⁴ pe²²/

/lin⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pe³³/

/lin⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pe³³/

/lim⁴²⁻²⁴ pe²²/

/lin⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pe²²/

/lin⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pɛ²²/

/lin⁴²⁻²⁴ pe²²/

/lin⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pe²²/

/lin³¹⁻²⁴ pe²²/

/lin⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pe³³/

/lin⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pe³³/

/lim⁴²⁻²⁴ pe²²/

/lin⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pe²²/

/lin⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pɛ²²/

《台灣閩南語常用詞辭典》

你共恁爸講予伊清楚。

《台灣閩南語常用詞辭典》

你共恁爸讲予伊清楚。

2002, Jack Neo, I Not Stupid, spoken by Jerry Khoo (Richard Low):

It's my business if I want to say the word "Limpeh", since when do you have the right to comment on me? (An example of code-switching between Mandarin and Hokkien)

Lín‐pē jiǎng “lín‐pē” shì lín‐pē de shì, lín‐pē jiǎng “lín‐pē” hái lúndào nǐ lái jiǎng lín‐pē?

恁爸講「恁爸」是恁爸的事，恁爸講「恁爸」還輪到你來講恁爸？

恁爸讲「恁爸」是恁爸的事，恁爸讲「恁爸」还轮到你来讲恁爸？

(Hokkien, men's speech, derogatory or humorous) I; me


嗰陣時

/kɔː³⁵ t͡sɐn²² siː²¹/

/kɔː³⁵ t͡sɐn²² siː²¹⁻³⁵/

/kɔːn³⁵ siː²¹/

/kɔː³⁵ t͡sɐn²² siː²¹/

/kɔː³⁵ t͡sɐn²² siː²¹⁻³⁵/

/kɔːn³⁵ siː²¹/


遐的

許的
遐個
赫個
靴個
靴兮
叱個
叱兮

/hia⁴⁴⁻³³ e²⁴/

/hia⁴⁴⁻³³ e²³/

/hia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ e²⁴/

/hia(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ e²³/

/hia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ e¹³/

/hia⁴⁴⁻³³ e²⁴/

/hia⁴⁴⁻³³ e²³/

/hia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ e²⁴/

/hia(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ e²³/

/hia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ e¹³/

/hia⁴⁴⁻³³ e²⁴/

/hia⁴⁴⁻³³ e²³/


郎君

/lɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/lɔːŋ²¹ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/lɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/lɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kun³³/

/lɔŋ¹³⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/lɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kun⁴⁴/

/lɔŋ²³⁻³³ kun⁴⁴/

/lɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/lɔːŋ²¹ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/lɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/lɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kun³³/

/lɔŋ¹³⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/lɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kun⁴⁴/

/lɔŋ²³⁻³³ kun⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Langjun (a town in Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


那時

/nä⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/naː¹³ siː²¹/

/nã⁴¹⁻²² si²⁴/

/nã²²⁻²¹ si²⁴/

/nã²²⁻²¹ si¹³/

/nä⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/naː¹³ siː²¹/

/nã⁴¹⁻²² si²⁴/

/nã²²⁻²¹ si²⁴/

/nã²²⁻²¹ si¹³/


樣樣

/jɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɑŋ⁵¹/

/jœːŋ²² jœːŋ²²/

/i̯oŋ⁵⁵ i̯oŋ⁵⁵/

/jɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɑŋ⁵¹/

/jœːŋ²² jœːŋ²²/

/i̯oŋ⁵⁵ i̯oŋ⁵⁵/


𫣆

(Can we date this quote?), “客家世界”, 黃連煜 (lyrics), 黃連煜 (music):

Ên he hien-thoi ke Hak-kâ-ngìn, sṳ-kie ke Hak-kâ-ngìn.

𫣆係現代个客家人，世界个客家人。

𫣆系现代个客家人，世界个客家人。


𠊎

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 厓.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋa. Cognate with 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ), 吾 (OC *ŋraː, *ŋaː).

Han compound

𠊎係客家人。

𠊎系客家人。


彼人

/hit̚³²⁻⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/hit̚⁵⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/hit̚³²⁻⁵ laŋ¹³/

/hit̚³²⁻⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/hit̚³²⁻⁴ laŋ²³/

/hit̚³²⁻⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/hit̚⁵⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/hit̚³²⁻⁵ laŋ¹³/

/hit̚³²⁻⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/hit̚³²⁻⁴ laŋ²³/


底人

/tie²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ nˡøyŋ⁵³/

/tœ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ nˡøyŋ⁵³/

/tœ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ øyŋ⁵³/

/ti²²⁻²¹ laŋ²⁴/

/tie²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ nˡøyŋ⁵³/

/tœ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ nˡøyŋ⁵³/

/tœ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ øyŋ⁵³/

/ti²²⁻²¹ laŋ²⁴/

Late Qing/Early Republic, 《古板蘇六娘全歌》, volume 2, 潮州 [Chaozhou]: 李萬利, page 3r:

值人不呾伊有情


在下

/t͡saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/t͡sɔːi̯²² haː²²/

/t͡sai²²⁻²¹ ha²²/

/t͡sai⁴¹⁻²² ha⁴¹/

/t͡sai²²⁻²¹ ha²²/

/t͡sai³³⁻¹¹ ha³³/

/t͡sai³³⁻²¹ ha³³/

/t͡saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/t͡sɔːi̯²² haː²²/

/t͡sai²²⁻²¹ ha²²/

/t͡sai⁴¹⁻²² ha⁴¹/

/t͡sai²²⁻²¹ ha²²/

/t͡sai³³⁻¹¹ ha³³/

/t͡sai³³⁻²¹ ha³³/


乜東東

/mɐt̚⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/mɐt̚⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

你搞乜東東啊？

你搞乜东东啊？


𠊎等

/ŋaɪ¹¹ tɛn⁴⁴/

/ŋaɪ¹¹ tɛn⁴⁴/

(Can we date this quote?), “天地有位神”, performed by 客家聖樂團:

We are His beloved children, receiving great and profound love. We must loudly give thanks and sing praises to Him.

Ngài-tén he Kì thung-siak chṳ́, mùng-su thai-oi chhṳ̂m-kóng, oi thai-sâng kám-chhia kô-siung Kì.

𠊎等係𥘹痛惜子，蒙受大愛深廣，愛大聲感謝歌頌𥘹。

𠊎等系𥘹痛惜子，蒙受大爱深广，爱大声感谢歌颂𥘹。


𫣆俚

Fortunately, God has prepared an imperishable present for us and has given us heaven as our home

ho´ ded shong⁺ diˇ vui⁺ en` zhun´ pi⁺ m voi⁺ fai´ gaiˇ li` vud`, shong´ suˇ en` li´ tien` ga` zoˇ vug

好得上帝為𫣆準備唔會壞介禮物 賞賜𫣆俚天家作屋

好得上帝为𫣆准备唔会坏介礼物 赏赐𫣆俚天家作屋

2014, 彭歲玲, “〈街路人生〉作者感言”, in 《一〇二年教育部閩客語文學獎作品集》:

We all have many stories around us with human nature, with life.

Ên-lí sṳ̂n-piên yû tông-tô ku-sṳ yû ngìn-sin, yû sên-miang

𫣆俚身邊有當多故事有人性、有生命

𫣆俚身边有当多故事有人性、有生命

2022, “客家真光 [The Light of Hakka]”, 劉志忠 [Liu Chih Chung], 劉正惠, 邱廉欽 [Kim Chiu] (lyrics), 邱廉欽 [Kim Chiu] (music)performed by 夏以儷 [Kate]:

We move to and fro to look for a path in life; we look to and fro to be able to find blessings in life.

ên-lí â, sái lòi sái hi, vi-tó ngìn-sên chhìm yit thiàu fa̍t-lu, ên-lí â, khon lòi khon hi, vi-tó chhìm-tó yit-sên ke chuk-fuk

𫣆俚啊 徙來徙去 為著人生尋一條活路 𫣆俚啊 看來看去 為著尋著一生个祝福

𫣆俚啊 徙来徙去 为着人生寻一条活路 𫣆俚啊 看来看去 为着寻着一生个祝福


𫣆兜

/en²⁴⁻¹¹ teu̯²⁴/

/en²⁴⁻¹¹ teu̯²⁴/


啥潲

→ Taiwanese Mandarin: 三小 (sānxiǎo)

啥韶
啥𪷰
啥精
三小
三洨
殺小
殺洨

/siã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siau²⁴/

/siã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siau²⁴/

/siã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siau²³/

/sã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siau²³/

/sã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siau²⁴/

/sã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siau¹³/

/siã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siau²⁴/

/siã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siau²⁴/

/siã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siau²³/

/sã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siau²³/

/sã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siau²⁴/

/sã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siau¹³/

看啥潲？

What the fuck are you doing? Don't move around!

Chhòng siáⁿ-siâu, mài o͘-pe̍h tín-tāng--lah!

創啥潲，莫烏白振動啦！

创啥潲，莫乌白振动啦！

(Hokkien, vulgar) what the fuck; what the hell; what


三小

/sän⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sän⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

From Hokkien 啥潲 (sáⁿ-siâu, “what the hell”).

看三小？

(Taiwanese Mandarin, vulgar) what the hell


第啲

/tɐi̯²² tiː⁵⁵/

/tɐi̯²² tiː⁵⁵/

有冇第啲畀我揀呀？

有冇第啲畀我拣呀？


祂們

/tʰä⁵⁵ mən²/

/tʰaː⁵⁵ muːn²¹/

/tʰä⁵⁵ mən²/

/tʰaː⁵⁵ muːn²¹/


什哩

/sɨt̚⁵ ˈli³⁵/

/ɕit̚⁵ ˈli³⁵/

/sɨt̚⁵ ˈli³⁵/

/ɕit̚⁵ ˈli³⁵/


啥貨

/siã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ he²¹/

/sã⁵³⁻⁵⁵ hue²¹/

/sã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hue²¹/

/siã³¹⁻²⁴ hə¹¹²/

/siã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hue²¹/

/sã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ he¹¹/

/sã⁵³⁻²⁴ hə¹²/

/sã(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ hue²¹/

/siã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ he²¹/

/sã⁵³⁻⁵⁵ hue²¹/

/sã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hue²¹/

/siã³¹⁻²⁴ hə¹¹²/

/siã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hue²¹/

/sã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ he¹¹/

/sã⁵³⁻²⁴ hə¹²/

/sã(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ hue²¹/


麼個

→ Zhuang: Maxgai (“Hakka”)

/ma²⁴⁻³³ kai¹¹/

/ma²⁴⁻³³ kai¹¹/

么个
麼个
麼介
脈個
脈介
乜個
嗎個


乜個

我聽唔著汝呾乜個。

我听唔着汝呾乜个。


汝各儂

/nˡy³³ koʔ²⁴⁻²¹ nˡøyŋ⁵³/

/nˡy³³ koʔ²⁴⁻²¹ nˡøyŋ⁵³/


汝儂

→ Malay: kau orang, korang (calque)

/nˡy³³⁻²¹ nˡøyŋ⁵³/

/lɯ⁴²⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/li⁴²⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/lu⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ laŋ²³/

/nˡy³³⁻²¹ nˡøyŋ⁵³/

/lɯ⁴²⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/li⁴²⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/lu⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ laŋ²³/

(Eastern Min; Longyan Min, Malaysian and Singapore Hokkien; Hainanese; Leizhou Min) you (plural)


什乇

/sie²¹³⁻⁵³ nˡɔʔ²⁴/

/sieʔ²⁴⁻⁵³ nˡɔʔ²⁴/

/sie²¹³⁻⁵³ nˡɔʔ²⁴/

/sieʔ²⁴⁻⁵³ nˡɔʔ²⁴/

sie²¹³⁻⁵³ nˡɔʔ²⁴ tai²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾iɛ²¹³

sié-nó̤h dâi-gié / [sie²¹³⁻⁵³ nˡɔʔ²⁴ tai²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾iɛ²¹³]

什乇事計？

sie²¹³⁻⁵³ nˡɔʔ²⁴ tai²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾iɛ²¹³

什乇事计？

hy³³ sɛi²⁴² sie²¹³⁻²¹ nˡoʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ miaŋ⁵³

hṳ̄ sê sié-nó̤h-miàng / [hy³³ sɛi²⁴² sie²¹³⁻²¹ nˡoʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ miaŋ⁵³]

許是什乇名？

hy³³ sɛi²⁴² sie²¹³⁻²¹ nˡoʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ miaŋ⁵³

许是什乇名？

i⁵⁵ miaŋ⁵³ sie²¹³⁻⁵³ nˡɔʔ²⁴

Ĭ miàng sié-nó̤h? / [i⁵⁵ miaŋ⁵³ sie²¹³⁻⁵³ nˡɔʔ²⁴]

伊名什乇？


本府

/pən²¹⁴⁻³⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pən²¹⁴⁻³⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

His Majesty granted me these three guillotines of canine, tiger, and dragon, by which I am authorised to kill first, report later.

Huángshàng yùcì lóng hǔ gǒu sān kǒu zhádāo, běnfǔ yǒu xiānzhǎnhòuzòu zhī quán.

皇上御賜龍虎狗三口鍘刀，本府有先斬後奏之權。

皇上御赐龙虎狗三口铡刀，本府有先斩后奏之权。

(archaic) a first person pronoun employed by a public officer, especially when addressing a person of lower status


微臣

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/

/weɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/

/weɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/

I, Liang Wenxiu, humbly wish Your Majesty the Empress Dowager the precious peace [and wish] Your Majesty [the Emperor] the holy ease.

Wēichén Liáng Wénxiù gōngqǐng shèngmǔ huángtàihòu jīn'ān, huángshàng shèng'ān.

微臣梁文秀恭請聖母皇太后金安，皇上聖安。

微臣梁文秀恭请圣母皇太后金安，皇上圣安。

(archaic) A first person pronoun employed by a public officer when speaking to the sovereign.


佗落

倒落
底落
哪落
逃落
搭囉
哪囉

/to⁵³⁻⁴⁴ loʔ⁴/

/to⁴²⁻²⁴ loʔ⁴³/

/to⁵⁵⁻³⁵ loʔ³⁵/

/to⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ loʔ²⁴/

/to⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ loʔ⁵/

/ta(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ lo⁴⁴/

/ta⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lo⁴⁴/

/ta⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ loʔ⁴/

/t͡sit̚²⁴⁻² loʔ⁵/

/to⁵³⁻⁴⁴ loʔ⁴/

/to⁴²⁻²⁴ loʔ⁴³/

/to⁵⁵⁻³⁵ loʔ³⁵/

/to⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ loʔ²⁴/

/to⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ loʔ⁵/

/ta(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ lo⁴⁴/

/ta⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lo⁴⁴/

/ta⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ loʔ⁴/

/t͡sit̚²⁴⁻² loʔ⁵/

(Fuqing Eastern Min, Hokkien, Puxian Min) where


咱人

→ Tagalog: langlang

→ Tausug: Lannang

/lan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/lan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/lan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ laŋ¹³/

/lan⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ laŋ²³/

/lan⁴²⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/lan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ laŋ²³/

/lan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ naŋ²⁴/

/nan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ naŋ²⁴/

/lan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/lan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/lan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ laŋ¹³/

/lan⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ laŋ²³/

/lan⁴²⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/lan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ laŋ²³/

/lan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ naŋ²⁴/

/nan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ naŋ²⁴/

(Philippine Hokkien, rare in Taiwanese Hokkien) Chinese (especially Chinese Filipino for speakers in the Philippines)


兒臣

/ˀɤɻ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/

/jiː²¹ sɐn²¹/

/ˀɤɻ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/

/jiː²¹ sɐn²¹/

I earnestly beg Empress Dowager to rule the empire from behind the curtain, so as to pacify public sentiment throughout this realm under heaven.

Érchén kěnqǐng huángtàihòu chuíliántīngzhèng, yǐ ān tiānxià rénxīn.

兒臣懇請皇太后垂簾聽政，以安天下人心。

儿臣恳请皇太后垂帘听政，以安天下人心。

(archaic) a first person pronoun employed by a male sovereign when speaking to an empress mother, queen mother, empress dowager, queen dowager, or the like


底所

/tie³³⁻³⁵ nˡœ³³/

/tœ³³⁻³⁵ nˡœ³³/

/tie³³⁻³⁵ nˡœ³³/

/tœ³³⁻³⁵ nˡœ³³/

nˡy³³ sɔy²⁴² tie³³⁻³⁵ nˡœ³³

nṳ̄ sô̤i diē-nē̤ / [nˡy³³ sɔy²⁴² tie³³⁻³⁵ nˡœ³³]

汝坐底所？

piŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuaŋ³³ kaʔ⁵ tie³³⁻³⁵ nˡœ³³

Bĭng-guāng găk diē-nē̤? / [piŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuaŋ³³ kaʔ⁵ tie³³⁻³⁵ nˡœ³³]

賓館敆底所？

piŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuaŋ³³ kaʔ⁵ tie³³⁻³⁵ nˡœ³³

宾馆敆底所？


我各儂

/ŋuai³³ koʔ²⁴⁻²¹ nˡøyŋ⁵³/

/ŋuai³³ koʔ²⁴⁻²¹ nˡøyŋ⁵³/


伊各儂

/i⁵⁵ koʔ²⁴⁻²¹ nˡøyŋ⁵³/

/i⁵⁵ koʔ²⁴⁻²¹ nˡøyŋ⁵³/


他家

/tʰä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/tʰä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

(dialectal, Wuhan Mandarin) he, she, they

while 渠 is more common in other varieties

Chinese varieties in general do not distinguish gender

distinctions are only sometimes made in writing.佢 is commonly used in Yue


麼儕

/ma²⁴⁻³³ sa⁵⁵/

/ma²⁴⁻³³ sa⁵⁵/

And they that sat at meat with him began to say within themselves, Who is this that forgiveth sins also?

現代臺灣客語譯本 (Today's Taiwan Hakka Version), 路加福音 (Luke) 7:49

Khiung-chok ke ngìn sîm-chûng ngi-lun kóng: “Liá-ke ngìn he má-sà? Kám sa-miên ngìn ke chhui!”

共桌个人心中議論講：「這個人係麼儕？敢赦免人个罪！」

共桌个人心中议论讲：「这个人系么侪？敢赦免人个罪！」


麼人

/ma²⁴⁻³³ ŋin⁵⁵/

/ma²⁴⁻³³ ŋin⁵⁵/

He saith unto them, But whom say ye that I am?

現代臺灣客語譯本 (Today's Taiwan Hakka Version), 馬太福音 (Matthew) 16:15

Yâ-sû mun kì-têu kóng: “Ngì-têu nè? Ngì-têu kóng ngài he má-ngìn?”

耶穌問佢等講：「你等呢？你等講𠊎係麼人？」

耶稣问佢等讲：「你等呢？你等讲𠊎系么人？」

(Hakka, Fengshun Shehua, Dexing Huizhou) who


俺們

/ˀän²¹⁴ mən⁴/

/ˀän²¹⁴ mən⁴/

Shi Nai'an, Water Margin, circa 14ᵗʰ century CE

Nà huǒ kèrén xiào dào: “Nǐ dào shuō de hǎo. Ǎnmen biàn shì jīngshī lái de rén, bù rènde nǐ zhèlǐ niǎo lù, zhǐ shì cóng zhè dà lù zǒu.”

那夥客人笑道：「你倒說的好。俺們便是京師來的人，不認得你這裡鳥路，只是從這大路走。」

那伙客人笑道：「你倒说的好。俺们便是京师来的人，不认得你这里鸟路，只是从这大路走。」

(dialectal Mandarin, chiefly northern China) we


哪次

/nä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/

/neɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/

/naː¹³ t͡sʰiː³³/

/nä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/

/neɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/

/naː¹³ t͡sʰiː³³/

When did you ever not require me to help you out?

哪次不是我幫你解圍？

哪次不是我帮你解围？


貧道

/pʰin³⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/pʰɐn²¹ tou̯²²/

/pin²³⁻³³ tɤ³³/

/pin²⁴⁻¹¹ to³³/

/pʰin³⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/pʰɐn²¹ tou̯²²/

/pin²³⁻³³ tɤ³³/

/pin²⁴⁻¹¹ to³³/


幾歲

/t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹ su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/kei̯³⁵ sɵy̯³³/

/kui³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ui²¹³/

/kui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ he¹¹/

/kui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ he⁴¹/

/kui⁵³⁻²⁴ hə¹²/

/t͡ɕi³³ sø⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹ su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/kei̯³⁵ sɵy̯³³/

/kui³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ui²¹³/

/kui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ he¹¹/

/kui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ he⁴¹/

/kui⁵³⁻²⁴ hə¹²/

/t͡ɕi³³ sø⁴⁴/

How old are you? [may be impolite to an adult]

你幾歲了？

你几岁了？


此處

/t͡sʰz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiː³⁵ t͡sʰyː³³/

/t͡sʰz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiː³⁵ t͡sʰyː³³/

此處禁止塗鴉。

此处禁止涂鸦。

(Can we date this quote?), “家”, Jay Sham@JCz Band (lyrics)performed by various:

耶穌永遠在此處

耶稣永远在此处


渠儂

tlb

(Wu, obsolete in Shanghainese and Suzhounese)

/t͡ɕʰy³⁵ nʊŋ³⁵/

/d͡ʑy²² noŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰy³⁵ nʊŋ³⁵/

/d͡ʑy²² noŋ⁴⁴/

(dated in Ningbonese, still used in Tangxi Wu) he; she; it


小生

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/siɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/sio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sŋ̍³³/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/siɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/sio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sŋ̍³³/


他們倆

/tʰä⁵⁵ mən² li̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰaː⁵⁵ muːn²¹ lœːŋ¹³/

/tʰä⁵⁵ mən² li̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰaː⁵⁵ muːn²¹ lœːŋ¹³/


什麼東東

ㄕㄣˊ ˙ㄇㄜ ㄉㄨㄥ ㄉㄨㄥ

ㄕㄣˊ ˙ㄇㄜ ㄉㄨㄥ ㄉㄨㄥ

ㄕㄣˊ ˙ㄇㄜ ㄉㄨㄥ ˙ㄉㄨㄥ

шэньмэ дундун

/ʂən³⁵ mə³ tʊŋ⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂən³⁵ mə³ tʊŋ⁵⁵ d̥ʊŋ²/

/ʂən³⁵ mə³ tʊŋ⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂən³⁵ mə³ tʊŋ⁵⁵ d̥ʊŋ²/


你們倆

ㄋㄧˇ ˙ㄇㄣ ㄌㄧㄚˇ

ㄋㄧˇ ˙ㄇㄣ ㄌㄧㄚˇ

/ni²¹⁴ mən⁴ li̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nei̯¹³ muːn²¹ lœːŋ¹³/

/ni²¹⁴ mən⁴ li̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nei̯¹³ muːn²¹ lœːŋ¹³/


我們倆

ㄨㄛˇ ˙ㄇㄣ ㄌㄧㄚˇ

ㄨㄛˇ ˙ㄇㄣ ㄌㄧㄚˇ

/wɔ²¹⁴ mən⁴ li̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋɔː¹³ muːn²¹ lœːŋ¹³/

/wɔ²¹⁴ mən⁴ li̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋɔː¹³ muːn²¹ lœːŋ¹³/


啥體

/sa³³ ⁵⁵ tʰi²¹/

/sa³³ ⁵⁵ tʰi²¹/

What are you doing?/What's the matter with you?

儂做啥體？

侬做啥体？

¹thi-khon ⁵sa--thi ⁶zy ⁶le-nge-seq-gheq-neq

天空啥體是藍顏色個呢？

天空啥体是蓝颜色个呢？


第度

/tɐi̯²² tou̯²²/

/tɐi̯²² tou̯²²/


第個

/tɐi̯²² kɔː³³/

/tɐi̯²² kɔː³³/

(Cantonese) a different one; another one


哪樣

/nä²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑŋ⁵¹/

/nä²¹⁴ jɑŋ⁴/

/neɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑŋ⁵¹/

/neɪ̯²¹⁴ jɑŋ⁴/

/naː¹³ jœːŋ²²/

/nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iũ²²/

/nã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ iũ⁴¹/

/nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɔ̃²²/

/nä²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑŋ⁵¹/

/nä²¹⁴ jɑŋ⁴/

/neɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑŋ⁵¹/

/neɪ̯²¹⁴ jɑŋ⁴/

/naː¹³ jœːŋ²²/

/nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iũ²²/

/nã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ iũ⁴¹/

/nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɔ̃²²/


啥子

/ʂä³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/sa²¹³ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/ʂä³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/sa²¹³ t͡sz̩⁵³/

2010, Jiang Wen, Let the Bullets Fly, spoken by Zhang Muzhi (Jiang Wen):

I'm asking you to translate what the fuck "surprise" means! What the fuck the fucking "surprise" means!

ngo³ jiu⁴ si⁴ han³ nyi³ fan¹ yi² yi² ha⁴, sa⁴ zi³ ta¹ ma¹ di² jiao⁴ jing¹ xi³? sa⁴ zi³ ta¹ ma¹ di² jiao⁴ ta¹ ma¹ di² jing¹ xi³?

我就是喊你翻譯一下，啥子他媽的叫「驚喜」？啥子他媽的叫他媽的「驚喜」？

我就是喊你翻译一下，啥子他妈的叫「惊喜」？啥子他妈的叫他妈的「惊喜」？

(Southwestern and Central Plains Mandarin) what


我等

/wɔ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋɔː¹³ tɐŋ³⁵/

/ŋo²¹³⁻²¹ tɨn¹/

/ŋo³³⁻³⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɛiŋ³³/

/wɔ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋɔː¹³ tɐŋ³⁵/

/ŋo²¹³⁻²¹ tɨn¹/

/ŋo³³⁻³⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɛiŋ³³/


啥子人

/sa²¹³ t͡sz̩⁵³ zən²¹/

/sa²¹³ t͡sz̩⁵³ zən²¹/


各人

/kɤ⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/kɔːk̚³ jɐn²¹/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ laŋ²³/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ laŋ¹³/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/kɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ laŋ¹³/

/kak̚²⁻⁴ naŋ⁵⁵/

/kɤ⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/kɔːk̚³ jɐn²¹/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ laŋ²³/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ laŋ¹³/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/kɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ laŋ¹³/

/kak̚²⁻⁴ naŋ⁵⁵/


各人

/kɤ⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/kɔːk̚³ jɐn²¹/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ laŋ²³/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ laŋ¹³/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/kɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ laŋ¹³/

/kak̚²⁻⁴ naŋ⁵⁵/

/kɤ⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/kɔːk̚³ jɐn²¹/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ laŋ²³/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ laŋ¹³/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/kɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ laŋ¹³/

/kak̚²⁻⁴ naŋ⁵⁵/


別個

/pi̯ɛ³⁵ kɤ⁵¹/

/piɛ²¹ ko²¹³/

/pat̚⁴⁻³² e²⁴/

/pat̚²⁴⁻² e²⁴/

/pat̚¹²¹⁻²¹ e¹³/

/pat̚⁴⁻³² e²⁴/

/pat̚⁴⁻³² e²³/

/biɪʔ¹¹ ɦəʔ²³/

/bəʔ¹¹ ɦəʔ²³/

/bəʔ³³ kəʔ⁴⁴/

/pi̯ɛ³⁵ kɤ⁵¹/

/piɛ²¹ ko²¹³/

/pat̚⁴⁻³² e²⁴/

/pat̚²⁴⁻² e²⁴/

/pat̚¹²¹⁻²¹ e¹³/

/pat̚⁴⁻³² e²⁴/

/pat̚⁴⁻³² e²³/

/biɪʔ¹¹ ɦəʔ²³/

/bəʔ¹¹ ɦəʔ²³/

/bəʔ³³ kəʔ⁴⁴/


別個

/pi̯ɛ³⁵ kɤ⁵¹/

/piɛ²¹ ko²¹³/

/pat̚⁴⁻³² e²⁴/

/pat̚²⁴⁻² e²⁴/

/pat̚¹²¹⁻²¹ e¹³/

/pat̚⁴⁻³² e²⁴/

/pat̚⁴⁻³² e²³/

/biɪʔ¹¹ ɦəʔ²³/

/bəʔ¹¹ ɦəʔ²³/

/bəʔ³³ kəʔ⁴⁴/

/pi̯ɛ³⁵ kɤ⁵¹/

/piɛ²¹ ko²¹³/

/pat̚⁴⁻³² e²⁴/

/pat̚²⁴⁻² e²⁴/

/pat̚¹²¹⁻²¹ e¹³/

/pat̚⁴⁻³² e²⁴/

/pat̚⁴⁻³² e²³/

/biɪʔ¹¹ ɦəʔ²³/

/bəʔ¹¹ ɦəʔ²³/

/bəʔ³³ kəʔ⁴⁴/


敝人

/pi⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/pɐi̯²² jɐn²¹/

/pi⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/pɐi̯²² jɐn²¹/


呢頭

/niː⁵⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/nei̯⁵⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/niː⁵⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/nei̯⁵⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

(Cantonese) now; contrasting with some time in the past with a change


嗰頭

/kɔː³⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/kɔː³⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

(Cantonese) back then; contrasting with now with a recent change


底塊

/tie³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɔy²¹³/

/tie³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɔy²¹³/

(Teochew) how (used in rhetorical questions)


各樣

/kɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɑŋ⁵¹/

/kɔːk̚³ jœːŋ²²/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ iũ³³/

/koʔ³³ ɦiã⁴⁴/

/kɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɑŋ⁵¹/

/kɔːk̚³ jœːŋ²²/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ iũ³³/

/koʔ³³ ɦiã⁴⁴/

a variety of; all sorts of; all kinds of; a number of; every


小的

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴ d̥ə⁴/

/siːu̯³⁵ tɪk̚⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴ d̥ə⁴/

/siːu̯³⁵ tɪk̚⁵/

Hwang Jini would often tell Seo Gyeongdeok, "There are three peerless marvels in the Capital of Pines." Seo would say, "What are they?" She would say, "First, the Bagyeon Falls. Second, you. Finally, me."

진랑^((이)) 상백어화담 왈 송도유삼절^((하나니이다).) 선생 왈 운하^((오)?) 왈 박연폭포^((요)) 급선생^((이며)) 기소적야^((노이다).)
Jillang[-i] sang baeg eo Hwadam wal: "Songdo yu sam jeol[-hananiida]." Seonsaeng wal: "Un ha[-o]?" Wal: "Bagyeon pokpo[-yo] geup seonsaeng[-imyeo] gi sojeog ya[-noida]."

眞娘常白于花潭曰：「松都有三絶。」先生曰：「云何？」曰：「朴淵瀑布及先生曁小的也。」


老娘

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/lou̯¹³ nœːŋ²¹/

/lau²¹³⁻¹³ ˈn̠ʲiɔŋ³⁵/

/lɔ²² n̠ʲiã⁴⁴/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/lou̯¹³ nœːŋ²¹/

/lau²¹³⁻¹³ ˈn̠ʲiɔŋ³⁵/

/lɔ²² n̠ʲiã⁴⁴/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴ ni̯ɑŋ⁴/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴ ni̯ɑŋ⁴/

/lou̯¹³ nœːŋ²¹/

/lɔ²² n̠ʲiã⁴⁴/

Most of the terms are only used for female midwives.


無乜個

desc

→ Thai: บ่มิไก๊ (bɔ̀ɔ-mí-gái)

→ Thai: บ่มิไก๊ (bɔ̀ɔ-mí-gái)

/bo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ miʔ²⁻⁴ kai⁵⁵/

/bo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ miʔ²⁻⁴ kai⁵⁵/


𥘹

2008, 陳建中, “天地有位神”, in 不同凡響的頌讚, performed by 客家聖樂團:

ngài-tén he Kì thung-siak chṳ́, mùng-su thai-oi chhṳ̂m-kóng, oi thai-sâng kám-chhia kô-siung Kì

𠊎等係𥘹痛惜子 蒙受大愛深廣 愛大聲感謝歌頌𥘹

𠊎等系𥘹痛惜子 蒙受大爱深广 爱大声感谢歌颂𥘹

(Hakka) He; Him (third-person pronoun for God)


wuli

wuli韜韜

wuli韬韬

(Mainland China, South Korean idol fandom) our


小童

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ tʰʊŋ²¹/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ tʰʊŋ²¹/

(obsolete, humble) I; me (used by a feudal prince's wife)

(obsolete) I; me (used by a monarch when mourning)


洒家

/sä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/ʂu̯aɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/sä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/ʂu̯aɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/


阿堵

/ˀɤ⁵⁵ tu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ˀä⁵⁵ tu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ˀɤ⁵⁵ tu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ˀä⁵⁵ tu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(literary, euphemistic) short for 阿堵物 (ēdǔwù, “money”)


寧馨

/niŋ³⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/

/niŋ³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/niŋ³⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/

/niŋ³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

(Wuhan Mandarin, dated) beautiful; pretty


區區

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (區區):
* → Korean: 구구(區區) (gugu)

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

/kʰɵy̯⁵⁵ kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

/kʰi²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰi²⁴/

/t͡sʰy⁵³³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰy⁵³³/

/t͡sʰy⁵⁴⁴⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰy⁵⁴⁴/

/kʰu⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰu⁴⁴/

/kʰu⁴⁴⁻²² kʰu⁴⁴/

/kʰu³³ kʰu³³/

/kʰi⁴⁴⁻²² kʰi⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy²¹/

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

/kʰɵy̯⁵⁵ kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

/kʰi²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰi²⁴/

/t͡sʰy⁵³³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰy⁵³³/

/t͡sʰy⁵⁴⁴⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰy⁵⁴⁴/

/kʰu⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰu⁴⁴/

/kʰu⁴⁴⁻²² kʰu⁴⁴/

/kʰu³³ kʰu³³/

/kʰi⁴⁴⁻²² kʰi⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy²¹/

Nowadays, those self-satisfied princes and ministers in this disorderly world each in his own way, appropriates the profits of his own state, and each exercises his own office for his private benefit, which explains why the states are in a perilous position.

The Book of Lord Shang, circa 3ʳᵈ century BCE

Jīn luànshì zhī jūnchén, qūqūrán jiē shàn yīguó zhī lì, ér guǎn yī guān zhī zhòng, yǐ biàn qí sī, cǐ guó zhīsuǒyǐ wēi yě.

今亂世之君臣，區區然皆擅一國之利，而管一官之重，以便其私，此國之所以危也。

今乱世之君臣，区区然皆擅一国之利，而管一官之重，以便其私，此国之所以危也。

Ah! As I dare to speak of myself contentedly, the ignorant will probably think that I am bragging in order to gain recognition... May Your Excellency reflect on the fact that this decade-long devotion is by no means accidental matter and judge it accordingly!

Yīxī, qūqū ér zì yán, bùzhī zhě yòu jiāng yǐwèi zì yù yǐ qiú rén zhī zhī jǐ yě. Wéi zhíshì sī qí shínián zhī xīn rúshì zhī bù ǒurán yě ér chá zhī!

噫嘻，區區而自言，不知者又將以為自譽以求人之知己也。惟執事思其十年之心如是之不偶然也而察之！

噫嘻，区区而自言，不知者又将以为自誉以求人之知己也。惟执事思其十年之心如是之不偶然也而察之！

(literary) complacent; self-satisfied; contented

Yesterday Wang Tianlin, now living in Wuchang, came to see me. He told me a very touching story, and after hearing it I could not eat. I think I can only bring this to the attention of someone as worthy as you, and am therefore dispatching this letter to you through Mr. Wang. Other people might be too busy with their own affairs to be able to attend to something which does not directly concern them.

1082, Su Shi,《與朱鄂州書》, translated based on Lin Yutang's version

Zuórì Wǔchāng jìjū Wáng diànzhí Tiānlín jiàn guò, ǒu shuō yī shì, wén zhī suānxīn, wèi shí bùxià. Niàn fēi wú Kāngshū zhī xián, mò zú gàoyǔ, gù zhuān qiǎn cǐ rén. Súrén qūqū, le yǎnqián shì, jiù guò bùxiá, qǐ yǒu yúlì jí cǐ dùwài shì hū?

昨日武昌寄居王殿直天麟見過，偶說一事，聞之酸辛，為食不下。念非吾康叔之賢，莫足告語，故專遣此人。俗人區區，了眼前事，救過不暇，豈有餘力及此度外事乎？

昨日武昌寄居王殿直天麟见过，偶说一事，闻之酸辛，为食不下。念非吾康叔之贤，莫足告语，故专遣此人。俗人区区，了眼前事，救过不暇，岂有余力及此度外事乎？


區區

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

/kʰɵy̯⁵⁵ kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

/kʰi²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰi²⁴/

/t͡sʰy⁵³³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰy⁵³³/

/t͡sʰy⁵⁴⁴⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰy⁵⁴⁴/

/kʰu⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰu⁴⁴/

/kʰu⁴⁴⁻²² kʰu⁴⁴/

/kʰu³³ kʰu³³/

/kʰi⁴⁴⁻²² kʰi⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy²¹/

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

/kʰɵy̯⁵⁵ kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

/kʰi²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰi²⁴/

/t͡sʰy⁵³³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰy⁵³³/

/t͡sʰy⁵⁴⁴⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰy⁵⁴⁴/

/kʰu⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰu⁴⁴/

/kʰu⁴⁴⁻²² kʰu⁴⁴/

/kʰu³³ kʰu³³/

/kʰi⁴⁴⁻²² kʰi⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy²¹/

But for her, I would not have become what I am today. But for me, she would have been long dead. It is because the two of us depend upon each other that I, your humble servant, cannot leave home at present.

267, 李密 (Li Mi),《陳情表》, translated by Luo Jingguo（罗经国）

Chén wú zǔmǔ, wúyǐ zhì jīnrì; zǔmǔ wú chén, wúyǐ zhōng yúnián. Mǔ sūn èrrén, gēngxiāng wéimìng, shìyǐ qūqū bùnéng fèi yuǎn.

臣無祖母，無以至今日；祖母無臣，無以終餘年。母孫二人，更相為命，是以區區不能廢遠。

臣无祖母，无以至今日；祖母无臣，无以终余年。母孙二人，更相为命，是以区区不能废远。


底帶

(Quanzhou Hokkien, Haifeng Southern Min; Hainanese) what place; where


當其時

/tɔːŋ⁵⁵ kʰei̯²¹ siː²¹/

/tŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² ki²⁴⁻²² si²⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ki¹³⁻²² si¹³/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ki¹³⁻²² si¹³/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ki²³⁻³³ si²³/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ki²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴/

/tɔːŋ⁵⁵ kʰei̯²¹ siː²¹/

/tŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² ki²⁴⁻²² si²⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ki¹³⁻²² si¹³/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ki¹³⁻²² si¹³/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ki²³⁻³³ si²³/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ki²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴/

(Yangzhou Mandarin, Cantonese, Hokkien) then; at that time


許塊

/hi³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɔy²¹³/

/hɯ⁵²⁻³⁵ ko²¹³/

/hu⁵²⁻³⁵ ko²¹³/

/hi³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɔy²¹³/

/hɯ⁵²⁻³⁵ ko²¹³/

/hu⁵²⁻³⁵ ko²¹³/

Late Qing/Early Republic, 《古板一世報全歌》, volume 3, 潮州 [Chaozhou]: 李萬利, page 7r:

头前許塊一㧣人

头前许块一㧣人


哪門子

/nä²¹⁴⁻²¹ mən³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/nä²¹⁴⁻²¹ mən³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

(informal, used in rhetorical questions) what; what kind of; what in the world


老衲

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹/

(neologism, slang, humorous) an experienced and senile person who has seen it all, referring to oneself.


林北

/lin³⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lin⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pe³³/

/lin⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pe³³/

/lin³⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lin⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pe³³/

/lin⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pe³³/


𠆧

For pronunciation and definitions of 𠆧 – see 化 (“to change; to transform; to become; to turn into; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 化).

zh-see

(Eastern Min) alternative form of 儂 /侬 (“person; a person associated with a particular identity or trait; physical, psychological or moral quality or condition; others; I; pronoun suffix”)


某物

/moʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ u⁵¹/

/mɐu̯¹³ mɐt̚²/

/moʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ u⁵¹/

/mɐu̯¹³ mɐt̚²/


爾等

/ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː¹³ tɐŋ³⁵/

/ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː¹³ tɐŋ³⁵/


𠍲

(literary or dialectal) alternative form of 渠 (qú, “third-person pronoun; he, she, it”)


兀那

/u⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹/

/u⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹/

Yuan Dynasty, Guan Hanqing, The Injustice to Dou E

兀那婆婆，誰喚你哩？

兀那婆婆，谁唤你哩？


是誰

/t͡si²²⁻²¹ t͡sui²²/

/t͡si²²⁻²¹ t͡suaʔ¹²¹/

/t͡si²²⁻²¹ t͡sua¹³/

/t͡si²²⁻²¹ t͡sui²²/

/t͡si²²⁻²¹ t͡suaʔ¹²¹/

/t͡si²²⁻²¹ t͡sua¹³/

Probably from the vernacular readings of the two characters with assimilation. Zhangzhou chī-choa̍h is a contraction of 是誰仔／是谁仔 (chī-chūi-á).

zh-l

是誰仔／是谁仔 (chī-chūi-á)

When Jesus came into the coasts of Caesarea Philippi, he asked his disciples, saying, Whom do men say that I the Son of man am?

巴克禮譯本 (Barclay Amoy Romanized Bible), 馬太福音 (Matthew) 16:13

Iâ-so͘ í-keng kàu Kai-sat-lī-a Hui-li̍p-pí ê kéng-kài, mn̄g I ê ha̍k-seng kóng, Lâng teh kóng Jîn-chú sī chī-chūi?

耶穌已經到該撒利亞腓立比的境界，問伊的學生講，人咧講人子是是誰？

耶稣已经到该撒利亚腓立比的境界，问伊的学生讲，人咧讲人子是是谁？

(Hokkien, chiefly Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Malaysian and Singapore Hokkien, dated in Taiwanese Hokkien) who; whom


哀家

/ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/ɔːi̯⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵/

/ai³³⁻²³ kia³³/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/ɔːi̯⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵/

/ai³³⁻²³ kia³³/

I have already requested His Majesty to issue a decree of pardon. The imperial decree may arrive at any time.

Āijiā yǐ qǐng huángshàng xià zhǐ tèshè. Shèngzhǐ suíshí huì dào.

哀家已請皇上下旨特赦。聖旨隨時會到。

哀家已请皇上下旨特赦。圣旨随时会到。

Though the imperial decree has not yet come, I can order the release of the man pending the decree, can't I?

Shèngzhǐ wèi dào, āijiā jiù bùnéng xià zhǐ fàng rén le ma.

聖旨未到，哀家就不能下旨放人了嗎。

圣旨未到，哀家就不能下旨放人了吗。

(honorific, archaic) a first person pronoun employed by a widowed imperial woman


何者

/xɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔː²¹ t͡sɛː³⁵/

/xɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔː²¹ t͡sɛː³⁵/


丫挺

/jä⁵⁵ tʰiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jä⁵⁵ tʰiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Contraction of 丫頭養的／丫头养的 (yātou yǎng de, “raised by a concubine”).

zh-etym-short

(Beijing Mandarin, colloquial, vulgar, derogatory) he; she; (when used with 你) you; you/ that bastard


爾曹

/ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/jiː¹³ t͡sʰou̯²¹/

/ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/jiː¹³ t͡sʰou̯²¹/


汝輩

/ʐu²¹⁴⁻²¹ peɪ̯⁵¹/

/jyː¹³ puːi̯³³/

/tyʔ⁴ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾muei⁴²/

/ʐu²¹⁴⁻²¹ peɪ̯⁵¹/

/jyː¹³ puːi̯³³/

/tyʔ⁴ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾muei⁴²/


草民

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ min³⁵/

/t͡sʰou̯³⁵ mɐn²¹/

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ min³⁵/

/t͡sʰou̯³⁵ mɐn²¹/

(historical, humble, self-deprecatory) I (used by a commoner when addressing the emperor or an official)


邊頭

/pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/piːn⁵⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/pĩ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/pĩ³³⁻²³ tʰau⁵⁵/

/pi̯ẽ³³ təu̯³/

/pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/piːn⁵⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/pĩ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/pĩ³³⁻²³ tʰau⁵⁵/

/pi̯ẽ³³ təu̯³/


這搭

/ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹ tä⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹ tɑɻ⁵⁵/

/t͡sit̚⁵⁻²⁴ taʔ⁵/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ taʔ³²/

/t͡set̚⁴⁻²⁴ taʔ⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹ tä⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹ tɑɻ⁵⁵/

/t͡sit̚⁵⁻²⁴ taʔ⁵/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ taʔ³²/

/t͡set̚⁴⁻²⁴ taʔ⁴/

(Quanzhou, Xiamen, Taiwanese and Philippine Hokkien, dialectal Mandarin) here


醬紫

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sœːŋ³³ t͡siː³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sœːŋ³³ t͡siː³⁵/

Don't do like this! (Alternative form of 不要這樣子 /不要这样子 (bùyào zhèyàngzi))

表醬紫！

表酱紫！

(Mandarin, Internet slang, cute-sounding) contraction of 這樣子 /这样子 (zhèyàngzi, “this way; like this”)


咱倆

/t͡sän³⁵ li̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡saː⁵⁵ lœːŋ¹³/

/t͡sän³⁵ li̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡saː⁵⁵ lœːŋ¹³/


乜事

/mɐt̚⁵ siː²²/

/miʔ²⁻⁴ sɯ¹¹/

/miʔ²⁻⁴ su¹¹/

/mɐt̚⁵ siː²²/

/miʔ²⁻⁴ sɯ¹¹/

/miʔ²⁻⁴ su¹¹/

乜事！

(Cantonese, Teochew) what matter; any matter


咩事

/mɛː⁵⁵ siː²²/

/mɛː⁵⁵ siː²²/

咩事呀！

冇咩事就好。


咋樣

/t͡sä²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sä²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑ̃ɻ⁵¹/

/t͡sä²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sä²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑ̃ɻ⁵¹/

(regional) synonym of 怎麼樣 /怎么样 (zěnmeyàng, “how; in what way”)


底囝

/ti¹¹ kĩã⁵²/

/ti¹¹ kĩã⁵²/


那哈兒

/nä⁵¹ xɑɻ⁵⁵/

/na²¹³ xɚ⁵⁵/

/nä⁵¹ xɑɻ⁵⁵/

/na²¹³ xɚ⁵⁵/

(Southwestern Mandarin) then; at that time


總款

like this; in this way; so (modifies verbs)


任何人

/ʐən⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/jɐm²² hɔː²¹ jɐn²¹/

/ʐən⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/jɐm²² hɔː²¹ jɐn²¹/


齊家

/tʰai²² ka²¹⁻²¹⁵/

/tʰai²² ka²¹⁻²¹⁵/


哪仔

/nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³/

/nã(ʔ)³²⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³/

/nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³/

/nã(ʔ)³²⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³/


哪仔

/naɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ e¹¹/

/ŋaɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ e³¹/

/naɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ e¹¹/

/ŋaɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ e³¹/


哪物

/nã(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ mĩʔ¹²¹/

/nã(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ mĩʔ¹²¹/


哪物仔

/nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mĩ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²² a⁵³/

/nã(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ mĩ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²² a⁵³/

/nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mĩ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²² a⁵³/

/nã(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ mĩ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²² a⁵³/


哪貨

/nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hue²¹/

/nã(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ hue²¹/

/nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hue²¹/

/nã(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ hue²¹/


哪貨仔

/nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hue²¹⁻⁵³ a⁵³/

/nã(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ hue²¹⁻⁵³ a⁵³/

/nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hue²¹⁻⁵³ a⁵³/

/nã(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ hue²¹⁻⁵³ a⁵³/


我每

/wɔ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


誰仔

/siaŋ²⁴⁻²² a²⁴/

/siaŋ²⁴⁻²² a²⁴/

Likely a contraction of 啥儂／啥侬／啥人 (siáⁿ-lâng, “who”) + 仔 (á), where 仔 (á) is a weak form of 旦 (tòaⁿ, “dawn; now”).


姆們

/m̩²¹⁴ mən⁴/

/m̩²¹⁴ mən⁴/

正好兒您那合同呢也到期了，□們就不續簽了 [Beijing Mandarin, trad.]
正好儿您那合同呢也到期了，□们就不续签了 [Beijing Mandarin, simp.]
zhènghǎor nín nèi hétong ne yě dàoqī le, m̌men jiù bù xùqiān le [Pinyin]

2000, 梁左 and 梁歡, 《閒人馬大姐》, Episode 1, 12:32

As it happens, your contract expired, we then do not renew it

「呣们呣们呣们（『我们我们我们』的北京土话发音）」 [MSC, simp.]
“m̌men m̌men m̌men (‘wǒmen wǒmen wǒmen’ de Běijīng tǔhuà fāyīn)” [Pinyin]
‘m̌men m̌men m̌men (Beijing dialect pronunciation of “we we we”)’

2013, “新编”收场留下一地板砖(图), 北京日報 「呣們呣們呣們（『我們我們我們』的北京土話發音）」 [MSC, trad.]

姆们这片儿20、30年前还曾有个「富人区」 [Beijing Mandarin, simp.]
m̌men zhè piànr 20, 30 nián qián hái céng yǒu ge “fùrén qū” [Pinyin]

2017, 北京南城的摩登时代, 新浪新聞 姆們這片兒20、30年前還曾有個「富人區」 [Beijing Mandarin, trad.]

the area I am in used to contain a ‘zone of rich people’ 20 or 30 years ago


惡乎

/wuː⁵⁵ fuː²¹/

/wuː⁵⁵ fuː²¹/

Possibly derived from the sequence 於 (OC *qa) 何 (OC *ɡaːl), albeit phonologically problematic (Pulleyblank, 1995).

If a superior man abandon virtue, how can he fulfill the requirements of that name?

The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

君子去仁，惡乎成名？

君子去仁，恶乎成名？

'May I venture to ask, wherein you excel, Master?' Mencius answered, 'I discern the true meaning of statements. I am adept at nourishing my noble spirits.'

“gǎnwèn fūzǐ wūhū cháng?” Yuē: “Wǒ zhīyán, wǒ shàn yǎng wú hàorán zhī qì.”

「敢問夫子惡乎長？」曰：「我知言，我善養吾浩然之氣。」

「敢问夫子恶乎长？」曰：「我知言，我善养吾浩然之气。」

However, suppose someone rides on the true course of heaven and earth and harnesses the changes of the six vital elements of yin, yang, wind, rain, darkness and brightness to travel in the infinite, upon what, then, would such a one need to be dependent?

Ruòfú chéng tiāndì zhī zhèng, ér yù liùqì zhī biàn, yǐ yóu wúqióng zhě, bǐ qiě wūhū dài zāi!

若夫乘天地之正，而御六氣之辯，以遊無窮者，彼且惡乎待哉！

若夫乘天地之正，而御六气之辩，以游无穷者，彼且恶乎待哉！

Learning—where should it begin and where should it end!

學惡乎始？惡乎終？

学恶乎始？恶乎终？

(literary) how; what; where; traditionally glossed as 於何 /于何 or 何所


誰們

/ʂeɪ̯³⁵ mən³/

/ʂeɪ̯³⁵ mən³/

2000, 梁左, 梁欢, 3:05 from the start, in 英达, director, 《闲人马大姐》, episode 5:

Whose family's kettle is this? How come [it] is put on my family's gas cooker?

Zhè shì shéimen jiā de hú a? Zěnme zuò zài wǒmen jiā méiqì shàng le?

这是谁们家的壶啊？怎么坐在我们家煤气上了？

這是誰們家的壺啊？怎麼坐在我們家煤氣上了？


乃們

/naɪ̯²¹⁴ mən⁴/

/naɪ̯²¹⁴ mən⁴/

(neologism, Internet slang, cute-sounding) alternative form of 你們 /你们 (“you (guys)”)


汝曹

/ʐu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/jyː¹³ t͡sʰou̯²¹/

/ʐu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/jyː¹³ t͡sʰou̯²¹/

Even if you should reach ministerial ranks through these endeavors, I still do not want you children to do this.

Ruò yóu cǐ yè zì zhì qīngxiàng, yì bù yuàn rǔcáo wéi zhī.

若由此業自致卿相，亦不願汝曹為之。

若由此业自致卿相，亦不愿汝曹为之。

(literary) you all; you (plural) [from Han]


你兜

/ŋ̍¹¹ teu̯²⁴/

/ŋi¹¹ teu̯²⁴/

/ŋ̍¹¹ teu̯²⁴/

/ŋi¹¹ teu̯²⁴/


你等

/ni²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nei̯¹³ tɐŋ³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹¹ ten²⁴/

/ŋ̍¹¹ nen²⁴/

/ni²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nei̯¹³ tɐŋ³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹¹ ten²⁴/

/ŋ̍¹¹ nen²⁴/

(dialectal, including Gan, Hakka, Wu) you (plural)


本宮

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/puːn³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/puːn³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

(historical) A pronoun used by the empress, princess with a formal title, or a high-ranking consort when speaking to a person or an audience of lower rank or status: “I, who owns this palace”

(neologism, slang, humorous, feminine) A pretentious first-person pronoun.


豎儒

/syː²² jyː²¹/

/syː²² jyː²¹/


某乜人

/bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mĩ(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ laŋ¹³/

/bɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ mĩ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ laŋ²³/

/bɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ mĩ(ʔ)⁵ laŋ²⁴/

/bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mĩ(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ laŋ²⁴/

/bɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ mĩ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ laŋ²³/

/bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/mɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/mɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ mĩ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ laŋ²³/

/bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mĩ(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ laŋ¹³/

/bɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ mĩ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ laŋ²³/

/bɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ mĩ(ʔ)⁵ laŋ²⁴/

/bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mĩ(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ laŋ²⁴/

/bɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ mĩ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ laŋ²³/

/bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/mɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/mɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ mĩ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ laŋ²³/


禮拜幾

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ paɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐi̯¹³ paːi̯³³ kei̯³⁵/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ paɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐi̯¹³ paːi̯³³ kei̯³⁵/

Which day of the week is it today? Today is Wednesday.

今兒禮拜幾 今兒禮拜三

今儿礼拜几 今儿礼拜三


本屌

/pən²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ti̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pən²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ti̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(neologism, vulgar, slang, self-deprecatory, humorous) I


阿理人

/a³³ li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/a³³ li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/


這跡

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ liaʔ³²/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ liaʔ³²/


這帶

/t͡sit̚⁵⁻²⁴ tə⁴¹/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁵ te²¹/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ te²¹/

/t͡sit̚⁵⁻²⁴ tə⁴¹/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁵ te²¹/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ te²¹/


誰個

/ʂeɪ̯³⁵ kɤ⁵¹/

/ʂeɪ̯³⁵ kɤ⁵¹/

Who is bad and who is not, who is the worst and who is not quite so vicious, who deserves severe punishment and who deserves to be let off lightly – the peasants keep clear accounts, and very seldom has the punishment exceeded the crime.

1927, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《湖南農民運動考察報告》 (Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition

Shéige liè, shéige bù liè, shéige zuì shèn, shéige shāo cì, shéige chéngbàn yào yán, shéige chǔfá cóngqīng, nóngmín dōu yǒu jí míngbái de jìsuàn, fábùdāngzuì de jíshǎo.

誰個劣，誰個不劣，誰個最甚，誰個稍次，誰個懲辦要嚴，誰個處罰從輕，農民都有極明白的計算，罰不當罪的極少。

谁个劣，谁个不劣，谁个最甚，谁个稍次，谁个惩办要严，谁个处罚从轻，农民都有极明白的计算，罚不当罪的极少。


那樣兒

/nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɑ̃ɻ⁵¹/

/nä⁵¹ jɑ̃ɻ¹/

/neɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɑ̃ɻ⁵¹/

/neɪ̯⁵¹ jɑ̃ɻ¹/

/nɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɑ̃ɻ⁵¹/

/nɤ⁵¹ jɑ̃ɻ¹/

/nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɑ̃ɻ⁵¹/

/nä⁵¹ jɑ̃ɻ¹/

/neɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɑ̃ɻ⁵¹/

/neɪ̯⁵¹ jɑ̃ɻ¹/

/nɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɑ̃ɻ⁵¹/

/nɤ⁵¹ jɑ̃ɻ¹/

(Mandarin) Erhua form of 那樣／那樣 (nàyàng).


本身人

/pun⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sin⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²³/

/pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sin⁴⁴⁻²² laŋ¹³/

/pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sin⁴⁴⁻²² laŋ²⁴/

/pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sin⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²⁴/

/pun⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sin⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²³/

/pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sin⁴⁴⁻²² laŋ¹³/

/pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sin⁴⁴⁻²² laŋ²⁴/

/pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sin⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²⁴/

(Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) I; me; myself; oneself; himself; herself


醬嬸兒

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ʂəɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ʂəɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Internet slang) contraction of 這樣式兒／这样式儿 (“this way; like this”).


邊樣

/piːn⁵⁵ jœːŋ²²/

/piːn⁵⁵ jœːŋ²²/

(Cantonese, interrogative) which kind; which one


其時

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/kʰei̯²¹ siː²¹/

/ki²⁴⁻²² si²⁴/

/ki²⁴⁻²² si²⁴/

/ki¹³⁻²² si¹³/

/ki²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴/

/ki²³⁻³³ si²³/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/kʰei̯²¹ siː²¹/

/ki²⁴⁻²² si²⁴/

/ki²⁴⁻²² si²⁴/

/ki¹³⁻²² si¹³/

/ki²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴/

/ki²³⁻³³ si²³/


𠊎兜人

/ŋai̯¹¹ teu̯²⁴ ŋin¹¹/

/ŋaɪ¹¹ teu⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋin¹¹/

/ŋai̯¹¹ teu̯²⁴ ŋin¹¹/

/ŋaɪ¹¹ teu⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋin¹¹/


𠊎兜儕

/ŋai̯¹¹ teu̯²⁴ sa¹¹/

/ŋai̯¹¹ teu̯²⁴ sa¹¹/


𠊎這兜

/ŋai̯¹¹ i̯a³¹ teu̯²⁴/

/ŋai̯¹¹ i̯a³¹ teu̯²⁴/


𠊎等人

/ŋai̯¹¹ ten²⁴ ŋin¹¹/

/ŋai̯¹¹ nen²⁴ ŋin¹¹/

/ŋaɪ¹¹ tɛn⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋin¹¹/

/ŋaɪ¹¹ tɛn³¹ ŋin¹¹/

/ŋai̯¹¹ ten²⁴ ŋin¹¹/

/ŋai̯¹¹ nen²⁴ ŋin¹¹/

/ŋaɪ¹¹ tɛn⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋin¹¹/

/ŋaɪ¹¹ tɛn³¹ ŋin¹¹/


頭頭

/tʰoʊ̯³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³/

/tʰoʊ̯³⁵ tʰɤʊ̯ɻʷ³/

/tʰɐu̯²¹ tʰɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/tʰau⁵³⁻³³ tʰau⁵³/

/tʰoʊ̯³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³/

/tʰoʊ̯³⁵ tʰɤʊ̯ɻʷ³/

/tʰɐu̯²¹ tʰɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/tʰau⁵³⁻³³ tʰau⁵³/

/tʰoʊ̯³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/tʰɐu̯²¹ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/tʰoʊ̯³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/tʰɐu̯²¹ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/tʰɐu̯²¹ tʰɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/


頭頭

/tʰoʊ̯³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³/

/tʰoʊ̯³⁵ tʰɤʊ̯ɻʷ³/

/tʰɐu̯²¹ tʰɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/tʰau⁵³⁻³³ tʰau⁵³/

/tʰoʊ̯³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³/

/tʰoʊ̯³⁵ tʰɤʊ̯ɻʷ³/

/tʰɐu̯²¹ tʰɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/tʰau⁵³⁻³³ tʰau⁵³/

/tʰoʊ̯³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/tʰɐu̯²¹ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/tʰoʊ̯³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/tʰɐu̯²¹ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/tʰɐu̯²¹ tʰɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/


頭頭

/tʰoʊ̯³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³/

/tʰoʊ̯³⁵ tʰɤʊ̯ɻʷ³/

/tʰɐu̯²¹ tʰɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/tʰau⁵³⁻³³ tʰau⁵³/

/tʰoʊ̯³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³/

/tʰoʊ̯³⁵ tʰɤʊ̯ɻʷ³/

/tʰɐu̯²¹ tʰɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/tʰau⁵³⁻³³ tʰau⁵³/

/tʰoʊ̯³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/tʰɐu̯²¹ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/tʰoʊ̯³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/tʰɐu̯²¹ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/tʰɐu̯²¹ tʰɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/


這兜

(Singapore Hokkien) here; this side; over here


嗎兒

吃嘛兒嘛兒香

吃嘛儿嘛儿香


你儂

/ni²¹⁴⁻²¹ nʊŋ³⁵/

/ni²¹⁴⁻²¹ nʊŋ³⁵/


辣麼

Mimicking Chinese dialects lacking a distinction between /l/ and /n/.

(neologism, slang) alternative form of 那麼 /那么 (nàme, “so; like that”)


伊儂

/i⁴⁴⁻²² laŋ²⁴/

/i³³⁻²¹ laŋ²³/

/i³³⁻²³ naŋ¹¹/

/i⁴⁴⁻²² laŋ²⁴/

/i³³⁻²¹ laŋ²³/

/i³³⁻²³ naŋ¹¹/

(Teochew; Longyan Min, Malaysian and Singapore Hokkien; Hainanese; Leizhou Min) they; them


現人

/hiɛn⁴¹⁻²² laŋ²⁴/

/hiɛn²²⁻²¹ laŋ²⁴/

/hiɛn²²⁻²¹ laŋ¹³/

/hiɛn⁴¹⁻²² laŋ²⁴/

/hiɛn²²⁻²¹ laŋ²⁴/

/hiɛn²²⁻²¹ laŋ¹³/

(Quanzhou Hokkien) person involved; person implicated


什乇名

/sie²¹³⁻²¹ nˡoʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ miaŋ⁵³/

/sie²¹³⁻²¹ nˡoʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ miaŋ⁵³/

hy³³ sɛi²⁴² sie²¹³⁻²¹ nˡoʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ miaŋ⁵³

hṳ̄ sê sié-nó̤h-miàng / [hy³³ sɛi²⁴² sie²¹³⁻²¹ nˡoʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ miaŋ⁵³]

許是什乇名？

hy³³ sɛi²⁴² sie²¹³⁻²¹ nˡoʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ miaŋ⁵³

许是什乇名？

hy³³ sɛi²⁴² sie²¹³⁻²¹ nˡoʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ miaŋ⁵³

夫是甚么名？


遮的

/t͡sia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ e¹³/

/t͡sia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ e²⁴/

/t͡sia⁴⁴⁻³³ e²³/

/t͡sia⁴⁴⁻³³ e²⁴/

/t͡sia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ e¹³/

/t͡sia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ e²⁴/

/t͡sia⁴⁴⁻³³ e²³/

/t͡sia⁴⁴⁻³³ e²⁴/


吾子

/u³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋ̍²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/u³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋ̍²¹ t͡siː³⁵/


這位

/ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sɛː³⁵ wɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/t͡sɛː¹³ wɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ ui³³/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁵ ui²²/

/t͡sit̚⁵⁻²⁴ ui⁴¹/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ ui²²/

/ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sɛː³⁵ wɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/t͡sɛː¹³ wɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ ui³³/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁵ ui²²/

/t͡sit̚⁵⁻²⁴ ui⁴¹/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ ui²²/


這位仔

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁵ ui²²⁻²¹ a⁵³/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁵ ui²²⁻²¹ a⁵³/


哪位

/nä²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/neɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/naː¹³ wɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/nä²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/neɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/naː¹³ wɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/


佗落仔

底落仔
哪落仔
搭囉仔
哪囉仔

/ta⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lo(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²² a⁵³/

/ta(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ lo⁴⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/ta⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lo⁴⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/ta⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lo(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²² a⁵³/

/ta(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ lo⁴⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/ta⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lo⁴⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

(Hokkien, chiefly Zhangzhou Hokkien) where


彼時

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/hit̚⁵⁻²⁴ si²⁴/

/hit̚³²⁻⁴ si²³/

/hit̚³²⁻⁴ si²⁴/

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/hit̚⁵⁻²⁴ si²⁴/

/hit̚³²⁻⁴ si²³/

/hit̚³²⁻⁴ si²⁴/

In fact, the literary and artistic works of the past are not a source but a stream; they were created by our predecessors and the foreigners out of the literary and artistic raw materials they found in the life of the people of their time and place.

1942, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《在延安文藝座談會上的講話》 (Talks at the Yenan Forum on Literature and Art), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition

Shíjìshàng, guòqù de wényì zuòpǐn bùshì yuán érshì liú, shì gǔrén hé wàiguórén gēnjù tāmen bǐshí bǐdì suǒ dédào de rénmín shēnghuó zhōng de wénxué yìshù yuánliào chuàngzào chūlái de dōngxi.

實際上，過去的文藝作品不是源而是流，是古人和外國人根據他們彼時彼地所得到的人民生活中的文學藝術原料創造出來的東西。

实际上，过去的文艺作品不是源而是流，是古人和外国人根据他们彼时彼地所得到的人民生活中的文学艺术原料创造出来的东西。

(literary or Taiwanese and Philippine Hokkien) at that time


該個

/ke⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ke⁵³/

/ke⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ke⁵³/


該個

/kʰᵘɔi²¹ kᵘɔi³³/

/kʰᵘɔi²¹ kᵘɔi³³/


許個

/hɯ⁵²⁻³⁵ kai¹¹/

/hu⁵²⁻³⁵ kai¹¹/

/hɯ⁵²⁻³⁵ kai¹¹/

/hu⁵²⁻³⁵ kai¹¹/


何物

/ha⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ miʔ⁴/

/ha⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ miʔ⁴/


偶們

/ˀoʊ̯²¹⁴ mən⁴/

/ˀoʊ̯²¹⁴ mən⁴/

(Internet slang, cute-sounding) alternative form of 我們 /我们 (“we; us; our”)


彼搭

/hit̚⁵⁻²⁴ taʔ⁵/

/hit̚³²⁻⁴ taʔ³²/

/hit̚⁵⁻²⁴ taʔ⁵/

/hit̚³²⁻⁴ taʔ³²/


彼跡

/hit̚³²⁻⁴ liaʔ³²/

/hit̚³²⁻⁴ liaʔ³²/


彼帶

/hit̚⁵⁻²⁴ tə⁴¹/

/hit̚³²⁻⁴ te²¹/

/hit̚⁵⁻²⁴ tə⁴¹/

/hit̚³²⁻⁴ te²¹/


彼位

/hit̚³²⁻⁴ ui²²/

/hit̚³²⁻⁵ ui²²/

/hit̚⁵⁻²⁴ ui⁴¹/

/hit̚³²⁻⁴ ui²²/

/hit̚³²⁻⁵ ui²²/

/hit̚⁵⁻²⁴ ui⁴¹/


彼位仔

/hit̚³²⁻⁵ ui²²⁻²¹ a⁵³/

/hit̚³²⁻⁵ ui²²⁻²¹ a⁵³/


那時候

/nä⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ xoʊ̯⁵¹/

/nä⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ xoʊ̯³/

/naː¹³ siː²¹ hɐu̯²²/

/nä⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ xoʊ̯⁵¹/

/nä⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ xoʊ̯³/

/naː¹³ siː²¹ hɐu̯²²/


該時

/kʰᵘɔi²¹ si²²⁻²²⁵/

/kʰᵘɔi²¹ si²²⁻²²⁵/

(Hakka) at that time; in those days; back then


該下

/ke⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ha⁵³/

/ke⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ha⁵³/


那會兒

/nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯əɻ⁵¹/

/nä⁵¹ xu̯əɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/neɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯əɻ⁵¹/

/naː¹³ wuːi̯²² jiː²¹/

/nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯əɻ⁵¹/

/nä⁵¹ xu̯əɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/neɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯əɻ⁵¹/

/naː¹³ wuːi̯²² jiː²¹/

(colloquial) at that time; at the time; then


彼站

(Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taiwanese and Philippine Hokkien) at that time; in those days; back then


彼站時

/hit̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sam²²⁻²¹ si²⁴/

/hit̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sam³³⁻¹¹ si²⁴/

/hit̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sam³³⁻²¹ si²³/

/hit̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sam³³⁻²² si²⁴/

/hit̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sam²²⁻²¹ si²⁴/

/hit̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sam³³⁻¹¹ si²⁴/

/hit̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sam³³⁻²¹ si²³/

/hit̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sam³³⁻²² si²⁴/

(Xiamen, Quanzhou, Philippine and Taiwanese Hokkien) at that time; in those days; back then


彼陣

(Hokkien) at that time; in those days; back then


彼時陣

/hit̚³²⁻⁵ si¹³⁻²² t͡sun²²/

/hit̚³²⁻⁴ si²⁴⁻³³ t͡sun³³/

/hit̚³²⁻⁴ si²⁴⁻²² t͡sun²²/

/hit̚⁵⁻²⁴ si²⁴⁻²² t͡sun⁴¹/

/hit̚³²⁻⁵ si¹³⁻²² t͡sun²²/

/hit̚³²⁻⁴ si²⁴⁻³³ t͡sun³³/

/hit̚³²⁻⁴ si²⁴⁻²² t͡sun²²/

/hit̚⁵⁻²⁴ si²⁴⁻²² t͡sun⁴¹/


彼站仔

/hit̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sam²² a⁵⁵⁴/

/hit̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sam²²⁻²¹ a⁵³/

/hit̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sam²² a⁵⁵⁴/

/hit̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sam²²⁻²¹ a⁵³/

(Quanzhou and Zhangzhou Hokkien) at that time; in those days; back then


彼輒

/hit̚³²⁻⁵ tiaʔ¹²¹/

/hit̚³²⁻⁵ tiaʔ¹²¹/

(Zhangzhou Hokkien) at that time; in those days; back then


彼輒仔

/hit̚³²⁻⁵ tia(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²² a⁵³/

/hit̚³²⁻⁵ tia(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²² a⁵³/


彼當時

/hit̚³²⁻⁵ taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² si¹³/

/hit̚⁵⁻²⁴ taŋ³³ si²⁴/

/hit̚³²⁻⁴ taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² si²⁴/

/hit̚³²⁻⁴ tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ si²⁴/

/hit̚³²⁻⁵ tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² si¹³/

/hit̚³²⁻⁴ tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ si²³/

/hit̚³²⁻⁵ tŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² si¹³/

/hit̚³²⁻⁵ taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² si¹³/

/hit̚⁵⁻²⁴ taŋ³³ si²⁴/

/hit̚³²⁻⁴ taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² si²⁴/

/hit̚³²⁻⁴ tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ si²⁴/

/hit̚³²⁻⁵ tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² si¹³/

/hit̚³²⁻⁴ tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ si²³/

/hit̚³²⁻⁵ tŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² si¹³/


遐久

(Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) at that time; in those days; back then


遐久仔

/hia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ku⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³/

/hia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ku⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³/


咱的

/lan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ e²⁴/

/lan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ e²⁴/

/lan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ e¹³/

/lan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ e²⁴/

/lan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ e²³/

/lan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ e²⁴/

/lan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ e²⁴/

/lan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ e¹³/

/lan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ e²⁴/

/lan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ e²³/


不穀

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (不穀):
* → Vietnamese: bất cốc (不穀)

/pu⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɐt̚⁵ kʊk̚⁵/

/pu⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɐt̚⁵ kʊk̚⁵/

If you succeed in returning to Jin, how will you repay me?

Gōngzǐ ruò fǎn Jìnguó, zé héyǐ bào bùgǔ?

公子若反晉國，則何以報不穀？

公子若反晋国，则何以报不穀？

Goujian said [to Fan Li], "My state is also your state. You should make plans as to how to administer it."

Wáng yuē: “Bùgǔ zhī guójiā, Lǐ zhī guójiā yě. Lǐ qí tú zhī!”

王曰：“不穀之國家，蠡之國家也。蠡其圖之！”

王曰：“不穀之国家，蠡之国家也。蠡其图之！”

Even though my country is small, we have already dispatched all of our troops. I hope your country can fight against Qin at will; I will sacrifice the State of Chu for Han.

The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

Bùgǔ guó suī xiǎo, yǐ xī fā zhī yǐ. Yuàn dàguó suì sì zhì yú Qín, bùgǔ jiāng yǐ Chǔ xùn Hán.

不穀國雖小，已悉發之矣。願大國遂肆志於秦，不穀將以楚殉韓。

不穀国虽小，已悉发之矣。愿大国遂肆志于秦，不穀将以楚殉韩。

(literary, humble) I; "not good", (reserved for use by the king)


予一人

/y³⁵ i⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/jyː²¹ jɐt̚⁵ jɐn²¹/

/y³⁵ i⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/jyː²¹ jɐt̚⁵ jɐn²¹/

You have to assist me, the One man, to carry out the punishment appointed by Heaven. I will greatly reward you!

The Book of Documents, circa 4ᵗʰ – 3ʳᵈ century BCE

Ěr shàng fǔ yúyīrén, zhì tiān zhī fá, yú qí dà lài rǔ!

爾尚輔予一人，致天之罰，予其大賚汝！

尔尚辅予一人，致天之罚，予其大赉汝！

Whenever the people make mistakes, they can all be blamed on me, the One man.

百姓有過，在予一人。

百姓有过，在予一人。

"One was jesting with Yu," said King Cheng.

Lü Buwei, Master Lü's Spring and Autumn Annals, 239 BCE

成王曰：「余一人與虞戲也。」

成王曰：「余一人与虞戏也。」

(pre-Qin Classical) I; "I, the one man" (reserved for use by the Son of Heaven)


吾儕

/u³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/ŋ̍²¹ t͡sʰaːi̯²¹/

/u³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/ŋ̍²¹ t͡sʰaːi̯²¹/


我曹

/wɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/wɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰɑʊ̯³⁵/


儂家

/nʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/nʊŋ²¹ kaː⁵⁵/

/nˡøyŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋa⁵⁵/

/nˡaŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋa⁵⁵/

/nʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/nʊŋ²¹ kaː⁵⁵/

/nˡøyŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋa⁵⁵/

/nˡaŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋa⁵⁵/

I am illiterate, and I do not know how to read.

Nàng-gă sê chăng-màng-ngù, mâ̤-*báik-cê. / [nˡaŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋa⁵⁵ sɛi²⁴² t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵ maŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ŋu⁵³ mɛ²⁴²⁻²¹ pɛiʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ t͡sɛi²⁴²]

儂家是青盲牛，𣍐仈字。

侬家是青盲牛，𫧃仈字。

(literary, women's speech, humble) I; me

(literary, women's speech, humble) my humble home; my humble abode

Nàng-gă gó-sê chĭng-chék ă. / [nˡaŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋa⁵⁵ ku²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛi²⁴² t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^((t͡sʰ-))ʒɛiʔ²⁴ a⁵⁵]

儂家故是親戚啊。

侬家故是亲戚啊。

Nàng-gă dŭ kó̤ káng diêng-īng. / [nˡaŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋa⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵ kʰɔ²¹³ kʰɑŋ²¹³ tieŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ^((Ø-))ŋiŋ³³]

儂家都去看電影。

侬家都去看电影。

You are so brave that you don't cry when you get an injection.

Nàng-gă cĭng-*ṳ̄ng-*gāng, páh-*cĕng mâ̤-*tiè. / [nˡaŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋa⁵⁵ t͡siŋ⁵⁵⁻²¹ yŋ³³⁻³⁵ kaŋ³³ pʰaʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ t͡sɛiŋ⁵⁵ mɛ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ tʰie⁵³]

儂家真勇敢，拍針𣍐啼。

侬家真勇敢，拍针𫧃啼。


儂家儂

/nˡøyŋ³³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋa⁵⁵ nˡøyŋ⁵³/

/nˡøyŋ³³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋa⁵⁵ nˡøyŋ⁵³/


儂家各儂

/nˡøyŋ³³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋa⁵⁵⁽⁻²¹⁾ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾oʔ²⁴⁻²¹ nˡøyŋ⁵³/


若屬

/ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


本寶寶

/pən²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴ b̥ɑʊ̯⁴/

/pən²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴ b̥ɑʊ̯⁴/

(neologism, slang, women's speech) I (who is easily frightened, enraged or emotionally labile)


你丫的

/ni²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵⁵ d̥ə²/

/ni²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑɻ⁵⁵ d̥ə²/

/ni²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵⁵ d̥ə²/

/ni²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑɻ⁵⁵ d̥ə²/

(originally Beijing Mandarin, vulgar, derogatory) you bastard


怎麼地

/t͡sən²¹⁴ mə⁴ d̥ə¹/

/t͡sən²¹⁴ mə⁴ d̥i¹/

/t͡sən²¹⁴ mə⁴ ti⁵¹/

/t͡sən²¹⁴ mə⁴ d̥ə¹/

/t͡sən²¹⁴ mə⁴ d̥i¹/

/t͡sən²¹⁴ mə⁴ ti⁵¹/

What are you going to do if I just don't log in?

就不登錄怎麼地了？

就不登录怎么地了？

他今天沒上班是怎麼地了？

他今天没上班是怎么地了？

What, you want to make him your husband?

Zěnmede, nǐ xiǎng zhǎo tā zuò lǎogōng ma?

怎麼地，你想找他做老公嗎？

怎么地，你想找他做老公吗？

I'm actually looking forward to seeing what you can do to me.

Wǒ dào xiǎng kànkan nǐmen néng bǎ wǒ zěnmedì le.

我倒想看看你們能把我怎麼地了。

我倒想看看你们能把我怎么地了。

Seeing that he fainted, we were so shocked and were at a loss what to do.

Kàn tā yūn le, wǒmen dāngshí jiù mēng le, jiù bù zhīdào zěnmedì le.

看他暈了，我們當時就蒙了，就不知道怎麼地了。

看他晕了，我们当时就蒙了，就不知道怎么地了。

They wouldn't dare lay a finger on him however tough they were.

再牛也不敢把他怎麼地。

再牛也不敢把他怎么地。

Those two people broke up before they even started seriously dating.

Zhèi liǎ rén, hái méi zěnmedì ne, jiù bāi le.

這倆人，還沒怎麼地呢，就掰了。

这俩人，还没怎么地呢，就掰了。

Gāo'ěrfū zěnmedì yě shì yī xiàng yángqì de yùndòng.

高爾夫怎麼地也是一項洋氣的運動。

高尔夫怎么地也是一项洋气的运动。

You think you can do whatever you want here?

Nǐ yǐwéi nǐ néng xiǎng zěnmedì jiù zěnmedì a.

你以為你能想怎麼地就怎麼地啊。

你以为你能想怎么地就怎么地啊。

Don't speak like every sentence coming out of your mouth is about how you think city-dwellers are superior [lit. are such and such].

Bùyào yī zhāngzuǐ jiù nǐmen chénglǐrén zěnme zěnmedì le.

不要一張嘴就你們城裡人怎麼怎麼地了。

不要一张嘴就你们城里人怎么怎么地了。

As bad as it seems, my foreign language level would still be enough for daily conversations if I ever go abroad.

Xiànzài zhè shuǐpíng, zài zěnmedì, nǎ tiān qù le guówài, rìcháng shēnghuó háishì néng yìngfu de.

現在這水平，再怎麼地，哪天去了國外，日常生活還是能應付的。

现在这水平，再怎么地，哪天去了国外，日常生活还是能应付的。

She is quite good-looking, but her personality is not so flattering.

Tā zhǎng de bùcuò, dànshì xìnggé què bù zěnmedì.

她長得不錯，但是性格卻不怎麼地。

她长得不错，但是性格却不怎么地。

(usually in the negative) in a good way or manner


如之何

/ʐu³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/jyː²¹ t͡siː⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

/ʐu³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/jyː²¹ t͡siː⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

But my husband is away on service. How can I but keep thinking of him?

The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

君子于役，如之何勿思？


我倆

/wɔ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋɔː¹³ lœːŋ¹³/

/ɣɤ⁵³⁻¹¹ lia⁵³/

/wɔ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋɔː¹³ lœːŋ¹³/

/ɣɤ⁵³⁻¹¹ lia⁵³/


第二啲

/tɐi̯²² jiː²² tiː⁵⁵/

/tɐi̯²² jiː²² tiː⁵⁵/


From 爺／爷 (yé), literally meaning “grandpa”.

Here comes the deleted part which I like again.

Yòu dào le yé zuì xǐhuān de shānjiǎn bùfēn le.

又到了👴最喜歡的刪減部分了。

又到了👴最喜欢的删减部分了。

給👴爬！

给👴爬！

You son of a bitch better cooperate. I wanna kick you back into your mom's pussy!

Nǐ ge bīzǎizi zuìhǎo gěi yé lǎoshi diǎn, yé xiǎng yī jiǎo bǎ nǐ chuài dào nǐ mā bī lǐ qù!

你個屄崽子最好給👴老實點，👴想一腳把你踹到你媽屄裡去！

你个屄崽子最好给👴老实点，👴想一脚把你踹到你妈屄里去！

(Mandarin, Internet slang, colloquial, offensive, derogatory or familiar, humorous, Northern China, male) alternative form of 爺 /爷 (yé, “I; me”)


/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

給👵爬！

给👵爬！

(Mandarin, Internet slang, colloquial, offensive, derogatory or humorous, Northern China, female, rare) alternative form of 老娘 (“form of self-address used by a conceited middle-aged or elderly married woman: I; me”)


你老

/ni²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ni²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


乜人

/mɐt̚⁵ jɐn²¹/

/mɐt̚⁵ jɐn²¹⁻³⁵/

/mĩ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ laŋ²³/

/mĩ(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ laŋ²⁴/

/mɐt̚⁵ jɐn²¹/

/mɐt̚⁵ jɐn²¹⁻³⁵/

/mĩ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ laŋ²³/

/mĩ(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ laŋ²⁴/


列位

/li̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/liːt̚² wɐi̯²²/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² ui²²/

/liɛt̚²⁴⁻² ui⁴¹/

/liɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ui²²/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² ui³³/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² ui³³/

/li̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/liːt̚² wɐi̯²²/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² ui²²/

/liɛt̚²⁴⁻² ui⁴¹/

/liɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ui²²/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² ui³³/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² ui³³/

(polite, literary) ladies and gentlemen; all of you present (form of address to an audience)


阿誰

/ˀä⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯³⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ ʂeɪ̯³⁵/

/aː³³ sɵy̯²¹/

/aː³³ sɵy̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/a³³ sui²²⁻²²⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯³⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ ʂeɪ̯³⁵/

/aː³³ sɵy̯²¹/

/aː³³ sɵy̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/a³³ sui²²⁻²²⁵/


啥個

/sa³³ ɦəʔ⁴⁴/

/sa³³ ɡəʔ⁴⁴/

/sɑ⁵² kəʔ³³/

/sa³³ ɦəʔ⁴⁴/

/sa³³ ɡəʔ⁴⁴/

/sɑ⁵² kəʔ³³/

㑚要買點啥個物事？

㑚要买点啥个物事？


⿰男也

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 男 (“male”) + phonetic 也 (OC *laːlʔ)


二三子

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ sän⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː²² saːm⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ sän⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː²² saːm⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/


多咱

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ d͡z̥än²/

/tu̯ɔ³⁵ d͡z̥än³/

/tɔː⁵⁵ t͡saː⁵⁵/

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ d͡z̥än²/

/tu̯ɔ³⁵ d͡z̥än³/

/tɔː⁵⁵ t͡saː⁵⁵/

(chiefly dialectal Mandarin) when; what time


鄙賤

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/pʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɛn²²/

/pʰi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siɛn⁴¹/

/pʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɛn²²/

/pʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɛn³³/

/pʰi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɛn³³/

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/pʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɛn²²/

/pʰi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siɛn⁴¹/

/pʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɛn²²/

/pʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɛn³³/

/pʰi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɛn³³/

(literary) to not attach importance to; to look down on; to think little of; to despise


哪兜

/ŋaɪ⁵³ teu⁴⁴/

/ŋaɪ⁵³ teu⁴⁴/

(Hakka, in the plural, interrogative) which ones?


那氣子

/lai̯⁴⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

/la̠⁴⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

/lai̯⁴⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

/la̠⁴⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

(Xiang) at that time; in those days; back then


咯些

/kai̯²⁴ ɕi̯e̞³/

/ko²⁴ ɕi̯e̞³/

/kai̯²⁴ ɕi̯e̞³/

/ko²⁴ ɕi̯e̞³/


我倆個

/ɣɤ⁵³⁻¹¹ lia⁵³ kɤ⁴⁵/

/ɣɤ⁵³⁻¹¹ lia⁵³ kɤ⁴⁵/


哪兒家

/nɑɻ⁵³ t͡ɕia¹¹/

/nɑɻ⁵³ t͡ɕia¹¹/


他倆

/tʰä⁵⁵ li̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰä⁵⁵ li̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


他倆個

/tʰa¹¹ lia⁵³ kɤ⁴⁵/

/tʰa¹¹ lia⁵³ kɤ⁴⁵/


俺倆個

/ɣæ̃⁵³⁻¹¹ lia⁵³ kɤ⁴⁵/

/ɣa⁵³⁻¹¹ lia⁵³ kɤ⁴⁵/

/ɣæ̃⁵³⁻¹¹ lia⁵³ kɤ⁴⁵/

/ɣa⁵³⁻¹¹ lia⁵³ kɤ⁴⁵/


乜鳩

/mɐt̚⁵ kɐu̯⁵⁵/

/mɐt̚⁵ kɐu̯⁵⁵/

(Cantonese, colloquial, vulgar) what the fuck


愚姪

/y³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/ŋo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tiek̚⁴/

/y³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/ŋo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tiek̚⁴/

(formal, humble, obsolete) "your ignorant nephew", referring to oneself


這兒家

/t͡sɑɻ⁵³ t͡ɕia¹¹/

/t͡sɑɻ⁵³ t͡ɕia¹¹/


這來

/t͡səʔ²⁻⁴⁵ lai⁵³/

/t͡səʔ²⁻⁴⁵ lai⁵³/


兀兒家

/vɑɻ⁵⁴ t͡ɕia¹¹/

/vɑɻ⁵⁴ t͡ɕia¹¹/


那兒家

/nɑɻ⁴⁵ t͡ɕia¹¹/

/nɑɻ⁴⁵ t͡ɕia¹¹/


愚臣

/y³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/

/y³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/

(archaic, humble) A first-person pronoun used by a vassal who humbles himself to his master.


臣愚

/ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵ y³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵ y³⁵/

Gongzi Cheng bowed twice, bowed to the ground and said: "I, the stupid vassal doesn't reach the king's opinion, and dare say between the secular, it's my guilt. The current king is going to inherit the mind of Jiang(Zhao Yang) and Xiang(Zhao Wuxu) by following the late king's will; I dare not listen to the orders!"

Gōngzǐ Chéng zàibài qǐshǒu yuē: “Chényú bù dá yú wáng zhī yì, gǎn dào shìsú zhī jiān, chén zhī zuì yě. Jīnwáng jiāng jì Jiǎn, Xiāng zhī yì yǐ shùn xiānwáng zhī zhì, chén gǎn bù tīng mìng hū.”

公子成再拜稽首曰：「臣愚不達於王之議，敢道世俗之間，臣之罪也。今王將繼簡、襄之意以順先王之志，臣敢不聽命乎。」

公子成再拜稽首曰：「臣愚不达于王之议，敢道世俗之间，臣之罪也。今王将继简、襄之意以顺先王之志，臣敢不听命乎。」


佢等人

/ki¹¹ tɛn⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋin¹¹/

/ki¹¹ tɛn⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋin¹¹/


佢們

/t͡ɕʰie²⁴ mɨn²/

/t͡ɕʰie²⁴ mɨn²/


我個俚

我个俚
我箇哩
我個里/我个里
我個仂

/ŋo²¹³⁻²¹ ko¹ li²/

/ŋo²¹³⁻²¹ ko¹ li²/


箇裡

/ko²¹³⁻²¹ li¹/

/ko²¹³⁻²¹ li¹/


爺老子

/ia³⁵ lau²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sz̩¹/

/i̯a̠¹³ lɒu̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/i̯ɔ¹³ lɤ⁴²⁻¹ t͡sz̩³/

/i̯ä¹¹ lɑʊ̯³³ t͡sz̩³/

/ia³⁵ lau²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sz̩¹/

/i̯a̠¹³ lɒu̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/i̯ɔ¹³ lɤ⁴²⁻¹ t͡sz̩³/

/i̯ä¹¹ lɑʊ̯³³ t͡sz̩³/


自簡

/t͡sʰz̩¹¹ kan²¹³/

/t͡sʰz̩¹¹ kan²¹³/


恁母

/lin⁴²⁻²⁴ bu⁴²/

/lim⁴²⁻²⁴ bu⁴²/

/lin⁴²⁻²⁴ bu⁴²/

/lim⁴²⁻²⁴ bu⁴²/

你共恁母講清楚。

你共恁母讲清楚。

(Singapore Hokkien, women's speech, derogatory or humorous) I; me


這的

/ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹ d̥ə¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹ d̥ə¹/


兀的

Originally 阿堵 (ēdǔ) as in Shishuo Xinyu, later 阿的, 兀底, etc.

天哪，兀的不是我媳婦兒！

天哪，兀的不是我媳妇儿！


那的

/nä²¹⁴ d̥ə⁴/

/nä²¹⁴ d̥ə⁴/

(obsolete, rhetorical question) how (used in rhetorical questions)


底個

Late Qing/Early Republic, 《古板白蓮花全歌》, volume 5, 潮州 [Chaozhou]: 李萬利, page 2r:

My daughter gave birth to twin boys / which one will go with her to jump into the water?

u⁵ neng² sang¹ sên¹ u⁶ no⁶ nam⁵ / di⁷ gai⁵ ga⁷ i¹ ke³ dao⁵ zui²

吾女双生有二男/值個共伊去投水

吾女双生有二男/值个共伊去投水


依個

/jiː⁵⁵ kɔː³³/

/jiː⁵⁵ kɔː³³/


𡃕

/kʰɵŋ²¹⁻²¹⁵/

/kʰɵŋ²¹⁻²¹⁵/


嚀個

/ⁿden²¹ kᵘɔi³³/

/ⁿden²¹ kᵘɔi³³/


斯人

/sz̩⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/sz̩⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

斯洛文尼亞人 斯洛文尼亞人#Chinese

斯洛文尼亚人 斯洛文尼亚人#Chinese

(rare) short for 斯洛文尼亞人／斯洛文尼亚人 (sīluòwénníyàrén, “Slovenian”)


恁樣

/an³¹ ŋi̯oŋ¹¹/

/an⁵⁵ ŋioŋ⁵⁵/

/an³¹ ŋiɔŋ⁵³/

/an³¹ ŋi̯oŋ¹¹/

/an⁵⁵ ŋioŋ⁵⁵/

/an³¹ ŋiɔŋ⁵³/

When writing Chinese calligraphy, the brush should be held straight like this!

Siá thai-sṳ súi-pit oi khià chang, chhiong án-ngiòng khià!

寫大字水筆愛擎正，像恁樣擎！

写大字水笔爱擎正，像恁样擎！

(Hakka) like this; in this way; so (modifies verbs)


恁呢

This is not the right way to play chess.

捉棋唔係恁呢捉个。

捉棋唔系恁呢捉个。


只裡

/t͡si³³⁻³⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lie³³/

/t͡si³³⁻³⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lie³³/


第處

/tɐi̯²² syː³³/

/tɐi̯²² syː³³/

(Cantonese, slightly dated) elsewhere; somewhere else


別地人

(Northern Min) one who is not born in the area; non-local; stranger; outsider; out-of-towner


外處人

/uæ⁵⁵ p͡fʰu⁵³ ʐẽ²⁴/

/ŋyɛ⁵⁵ t͡sʰy³³ neiŋ³³/

/uæ⁵⁵ p͡fʰu⁵³ ʐẽ²⁴/

/ŋyɛ⁵⁵ t͡sʰy³³ neiŋ³³/

(Xi'an Mandarin, Northern Min) one who is not born in the area; non-local; stranger; outsider; out-of-towner


只塊

/t͡si³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɔy²¹³/

/t͡si⁵²⁻³⁵ ko²¹³/

/t͡si³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɔy²¹³/

/t͡si⁵²⁻³⁵ ko²¹³/


哀面眼

/e⁵⁵ mi³³ ŋe²¹/

/e⁵⁵ mi³³ ŋe²¹/


埃面搭

/e⁵⁵ mi³³ taʔ²¹/

/e⁵⁵ mi³³ taʔ²¹/


埃搭

(Northern Wu) various demonstrative adverbs


埃搭裡

/e⁵⁵ taʔ³³ li²¹/

/e⁵⁵ taʔ³³ li²¹/


伊搭裡

/i⁵⁵ taʔ³³ li²¹/

/i⁵⁵ taʔ³³ li²¹/


伊搭塊

/i⁵⁵ taʔ³³ kʰue²¹/

/i⁵⁵ taʔ³³ kʰue²¹/


埃搭塊

/e⁵⁵ taʔ³³ kʰue²¹/

/e⁵⁵ taʔ³³ kʰue²¹/


迭搭

/diɪʔ¹¹ taʔ²³/

/dəʔ¹¹ taʔ²³/

/diɪʔ¹¹ taʔ²³/

/dəʔ¹¹ taʔ²³/


迭搭裡

/diɪʔ¹¹ taʔ²² li²³/

/dəʔ¹¹ taʔ²² li²³/

/diɪʔ¹¹ taʔ²² li²³/

/dəʔ¹¹ taʔ²² li²³/


迭搭塊

/diɪʔ¹¹ taʔ²² kʰue²³/

/dəʔ¹¹ taʔ²² kʰue²³/

/diɪʔ¹¹ taʔ²² kʰue²³/

/dəʔ¹¹ taʔ²² kʰue²³/


迭個

⁸diq-geq; ⁸deq-geq; ⁸diq-eq; ⁸deq-eq; ⁸diq-gheq; ⁸deq-gheq

dih^入 geh; deh^入 geh; dih^入 eh; deh^入 eh; dih^入 gheh; deh^入 gheh

⁵diq-geq; ⁵deq-geq; ⁵diq-eq; ⁵deq-eq; ⁵diq-hheq; ⁵deq-hheq

/diɪʔ¹¹ ɡəʔ²³/

/dəʔ¹¹ ɡəʔ²³/

/diɪʔ¹¹ əʔ²³/

/dəʔ¹¹ əʔ²³/

/diɪʔ¹¹ ɦəʔ²³/

/dəʔ¹¹ ɦəʔ²³/

/diɪʔ¹¹ ɡəʔ²³/

/dəʔ¹¹ ɡəʔ²³/

/diɪʔ¹¹ əʔ²³/

/dəʔ¹¹ əʔ²³/

/diɪʔ¹¹ ɦəʔ²³/

/dəʔ¹¹ ɦəʔ²³/


搿搭塊

/ɡəʔ¹¹ taʔ²² kʰue²³/

/ɡəʔ¹¹ taʔ²² kʰue²³/


搿搭裡

/ɡəʔ¹¹ taʔ²² li²³/

/ɡəʔ¹¹ taʔ²² li²³/


此地塊

/t͡sʰz̩⁵⁵ di³³ kʰue²¹/

/t͡sʰz̩⁵⁵ di³³ kʰue²¹/


此地塊搭

/t͡sʰz̩⁵⁵ di³³ kʰue³³ taʔ²¹/

/t͡sʰz̩⁵⁵ di³³ kʰue³³ taʔ²¹/


阿裡個

/ɦa²² li⁵⁵ ɡəʔ²¹/

/ɦa²² li⁵⁵ ɦəʔ²¹/

/ɦa²² li⁵⁵ ɡəʔ²¹/

/ɦa²² li⁵⁵ ɦəʔ²¹/


阿裡一個

⁶gha-li-iq-geq; ⁶gha-li-iq-gheq; ⁶gha-li ⁷iq-geq; ⁶gha-li ⁷iq-gheq

gha^去 li ih geh; gha^去 li ih gheh; gha^去 li ih^入 geh; gha^去 li ih^入 gheh

³hha-li-iq-geq; ³hha-li-iq-hheq; ³hha-li ⁴iq-geq; ³hha-li ⁴iq-hheq

/ɦa²² li⁵⁵ iɪʔ³³ ɡəʔ²¹/

/ɦa²² li⁵⁵ iɪʔ³³ ɦəʔ²¹/

/ɦa²² li³³ iɪʔ³³ ɡəʔ⁴⁴/

/ɦa²² li³³ iɪʔ³³ ɦəʔ⁴⁴/

/ɦa²² li⁵⁵ iɪʔ³³ ɡəʔ²¹/

/ɦa²² li⁵⁵ iɪʔ³³ ɦəʔ²¹/

/ɦa²² li³³ iɪʔ³³ ɡəʔ⁴⁴/

/ɦa²² li³³ iɪʔ³³ ɦəʔ⁴⁴/


什乜

/sim⁵²⁻³⁵ miʔ²/

/sim⁵²⁻³⁵ miʔ²/

什乜事？


哪塊子

/la̠⁴¹ kʰu̯ai̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/la̠⁴¹ kʰu̯ai̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/


乜屎

/mɐt̚⁵ siː³⁵/

/miʔ²⁻⁴ sai⁵²⁻²¹/

/mɐt̚⁵ siː³⁵/

/miʔ²⁻⁴ sai⁵²⁻²¹/


許撮

/hɯ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰoʔ²/

/hɯ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰoʔ²/


只個

/t͡si⁵²⁻³⁵ kai¹¹/

/t͡si⁵²⁻³⁵ kai¹¹/


末學

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/


嘞們

/nɛ²¹³ mən⁵⁵/

/nɛ²¹³ mən⁵⁵/

(Sichuanese) so; such (modifies adjectives)


那廝

/nä⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/nä⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/


恁人

/lin⁴²⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/lin⁴²⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

(Singapore Hokkien, Haifeng and Pingnan Min) you (plural)


何至

/o¹³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/

/o¹³ t͡sz̩⁴⁵/

/o¹³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/

/o¹³ t͡sz̩⁴⁵/


何至個

/o¹³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁵ ko⁴⁵/

/o¹³ t͡sz̩⁴⁵ ko⁴⁵/

/o¹³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁵ ko⁴⁵/

/o¹³ t͡sz̩⁴⁵ ko⁴⁵/

1998, 鮑厚星 et al. (editors), 長沙方言詞典, page 90

你講的是何至個？

你讲的是何至个？

nyi³ shr³ o² zhr⁴ go⁴ u⁶ li³ di zai³ lai

你是何至個屋裏的崽唻？

你是何至个屋里的崽𫪁？


僕等

/pʰu³⁵ tɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰu³⁵ tɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

The reason why we travelled to the duke's door, was because the duke was of unparalleled character.

Púděng suǒyǐ yóu gōng zhī mén zhě yǐ gōng yǒu gàishì zhī qì.

僕等所以遊公之門者以公有盖世之氣。

仆等所以游公之门者以公有盖世之气。

(literary, obsolete, humble, men's speech) we, us


吾們

He said that his master, Wan Xuezhai, had two boatloads of salt, which will be sent off in the next couple of days, and entrusted us to take care of them on the way.

Tā shuō tā dōngjiā Wàn Xuězhāi yǒu liǎng chuán yán, yě jiù zài zhè liǎng rì kāi jiāng, tuō wúmen zài lùshàng zhàoyìng zhàoyìng.

他說他東家萬雪齋有兩船鹽，也就在這兩日開江，託吾們在路上照應照應。

他说他东家万雪斋有两船盐，也就在这两日开江，托吾们在路上照应照应。


本座

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

a first person pronoun used by deities in Chinese fiction


本少爺

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ jɛ¹/

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ jɛ¹/

I'm the one dressing up like a magical girl!

Mainland Chinese title of Japanese light novel "Is This a Zombie?"

魔裝少女就是本少爺！

魔装少女就是本少爷！

(men's speech, self-deprecatory) I, me (used to make the speaker sound haughty)

men's speech; self-deprecatory; men's speech; self-deprecatory


本小姐

ㄅㄣˇ ㄒㄧㄠˇ ˙ㄐㄧㄝ

ㄅㄣˇ ㄒㄧㄠˇ ˙ㄐㄧㄝ

/pən²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴ d͡ʑ̥i̯ɛ⁴/

/pən²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴ d͡ʑ̥i̯ɛ⁴/

(women's speech, self-deprecatory) I, me (used to make the speaker sound haughty)

women's speech; self-deprecatory; women's speech; self-deprecatory


底爿

/toi⁵²⁻³⁵ põĩ⁵⁵/

/tõĩ⁵²⁻³⁵ pãĩ⁵⁵/

/toi⁵²⁻³⁵ põĩ⁵⁵/

/tõĩ⁵²⁻³⁵ pãĩ⁵⁵/


兀誰

/u⁵¹ ʂeɪ̯³⁵/

/u⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯³⁵/

/u⁵¹ ʂeɪ̯³⁵/

/u⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯³⁵/


阿儂

/ˀä⁵⁵ nʊŋ³⁵/

/aː³³ nʊŋ²¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ nʊŋ³⁵/

/aː³³ nʊŋ²¹/

1921, 華僑詩選（最新金山歌集聯集合刻）, page 11:

情郎忽見阿儂面

1921, 華僑詩選（最新金山歌集聯集合刻）, page 11:

情郎忽见阿侬面


那啥

(Northeastern Mandarin) "you know what I mean"


老身

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂən⁵⁵/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂən⁵⁵/

I was a shizhong for twenty years, being your father's colleague. Although you came into duty later [than me], how come you exclude me?!

c. 659 CE, Li Yanshou, History of the Northern Dynasties

Lǎoshēn èrshí nián shìzhōng, yǔ qīng xiānjūn jí lián zhíshì, zòng qīng hòujìn, hé yí xiàng páitū yě!

老身二十年侍中，與卿先君亟連職事，縱卿後進，何宜相排突也！

老身二十年侍中，与卿先君亟连职事，纵卿后进，何宜相排突也！

(literary, humble, chiefly women's speech) I; me (used by an elderly woman)


皇阿瑪

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ˀä⁵¹ mä¹/

/wɔːŋ²¹ aː³³ maː¹³/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ˀä⁵¹ mä¹/

/wɔːŋ²¹ aː³³ maː¹³/

(historical) mode of address used by the emperor's children to address the emperor in Qing Dynasty historical dramas


父皇

/fu⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/fu⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/


皇兒

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ˀɤɻ³⁵/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ˀɤɻ³⁵/

mode of address used by the emperor's mother to address the emperor in historical dramas


內個

/neɪ̯⁵¹ g̊ə¹/

/neɪ̯⁵¹ g̊ə¹/

Pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling

Pronunciation spelling of 那個／那个 (nèige).


底撮

(Teochew, in the plural, interrogative) which ones?


只撮

/t͡si⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰoʔ²/

/t͡si⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰoʔ²/


搿眼

/ɡəʔ¹¹ ŋe²³/

/ɡəʔ¹¹ ŋe²³/


搿點

/ɡəʔ¹¹ ti²³/

/ɡəʔ¹¹ ti²³/


若之何

/ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

What is to be done about your not speaking?

若之何子之不言也？


大齊家

/tʰaɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰe¹¹ ka⁴⁴/

/tʰaɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰe¹¹ ka⁴⁴/


插走

/t͡sʰap̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sau⁵³/

/t͡sʰap̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sau⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰap̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sau⁵³/

/t͡sʰap̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sau⁵⁵⁴/

(Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien, rhetorical question) why on the other hand


鄙劣

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯ɛ⁵¹/

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯ɛ⁵¹/


啥物事

/sa³³ məʔ⁵⁵ zz̩²¹/

/sa³⁴ məʔ¹¹ zz̩²³/

/sɑ⁵² məʔ³³ zz̩/

/sa³³ məʔ⁵⁵ zz̩²¹/

/sa³⁴ məʔ¹¹ zz̩²³/

/sɑ⁵² məʔ³³ zz̩/

(Northern Wu) what? (often used for quotatives or as requests for a phrase to be repeated)


按呢生

/an⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sĩ⁴⁴/

/an³³ nĩ³³ sĩ³³/

/an⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nɛ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sɛ̃⁴⁴/

/an⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ nẽ⁴⁴ sẽ⁴⁴/

/an⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sĩ⁴⁴/

/an³³ nĩ³³ sĩ³³/

/an⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nɛ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sɛ̃⁴⁴/

/an⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ nẽ⁴⁴ sẽ⁴⁴/

我哪會安呢生

我哪会安呢生

(Hokkien) like this; in this way; thus; so; as such; like so


高徒

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵/


有兜

Yu¹ dêu¹ ngin² zung⁴ yi¹ sed⁶ liu² liên².

有兜人中意食榴槤。

有兜人中意食榴梿。


有兜

(dialectical Hakka) a little; slightly; somewhat


恁樣仔

恁样仔
恁樣欸
咹樣仔
咹樣欸
恁樣兒
咹樣兒

/an³¹ ŋiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ e¹¹/

/an³¹ ŋiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ e¹¹/


本席

(law, Hong Kong) I; first person singular subject personal pronoun used by judges


某甲

/moʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɐu̯¹³ kaːp̚³/

/bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaʔ³²/

/bɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kaʔ⁵/

/bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaʔ³²/

/bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaʔ³²/

/bɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kaʔ³²/

/moʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɐu̯¹³ kaːp̚³/

/bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaʔ³²/

/bɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kaʔ⁵/

/bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaʔ³²/

/bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaʔ³²/

/bɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kaʔ³²/


乜閪

/mɐt̚⁵ hɐi̯⁵⁵/

/mɐt̚⁵ hɐi̯⁵⁵/


地塊

(Teochew) alternative form of 底塊 /底块 (“where”)


乜骨頭

/miʔ²⁻⁴ kuk̚²⁻⁴ tʰau⁵⁵/

/miʔ²⁻⁴ kuk̚²⁻⁴ tʰau⁵⁵/


俉篤

/n̩²³ toʔ¹¹/

/n̩²³ toʔ¹¹/


伊面搭

/i⁵⁵ mi³³ taʔ²¹/

/i⁵⁵ mi³³ taʔ²¹/


什麼鬼

ㄕㄣˊ ˙ㄇㄜ ㄍㄨㄟˇ

ㄕㄣˊ ˙ㄇㄜ ㄍㄨㄟˇ

/ʂən³⁵ mə³ ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂən³⁵ mə³ ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


依啲

/jiː⁵⁵ tiː⁵⁵/

/jiː⁵⁵ tiː⁵⁵/


這些個

/ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹ ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ kɤ⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂeɪ̯⁵¹ ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ kɤ⁵¹/

/t͡sɛː³⁵ sɛː⁵⁵ kɔː³³/

/ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹ ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ kɤ⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂeɪ̯⁵¹ ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ kɤ⁵¹/

/t͡sɛː³⁵ sɛː⁵⁵ kɔː³³/

Contraction of 這些一個個 (zhèxiē yígègè, “these + each”). Compare 這一些個 (zhè yìxiē gè, “determiner + some + classifier”), 這一些一個個 (zhè yìxiē yígègè, “determiner + some + each”), and 這一些一個又一個 (zhè yìxiē yígè yòu yígè, “determiner + some + one by one”).


那些個

/nä⁵¹ ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ kɤ⁵¹/

/neɪ̯⁵¹ ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ kɤ⁵¹/

/nä⁵¹ ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ kɤ⁵¹/

/neɪ̯⁵¹ ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ kɤ⁵¹/


爾儂

/ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ nʊŋ³⁵/

/ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ nʊŋ³⁵/

Many lects have merged the two syllables to one. See 儂／侬.

(dated or dialectal Wu, Gan) you (singular)


吶亨

/naʔ²² hã³³/

/naʔ²² hã⁵¹/

/naʔ²² hã³³/

/naʔ²² hã⁵¹/


老拙

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵/


你老人家

ㄋㄧˇ ㄌㄠˇ ˙ㄖㄣ ˙ㄐㄧㄚ

ㄋㄧˇ ㄌㄠˇ ˙ㄖㄣ ˙ㄐㄧㄚ

нилаожэньцзя

/ni²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴ ʐən⁴ d͡ʑ̥i̯ä¹/

/ni²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴ ʐən⁴ d͡ʑ̥i̯ä¹/

(dialectal Mandarin, Jin, Shexian Huizhou) you (polite)


您兒

(dialectal Mandarin, Jin) Erhua form of 您 (nín, “you (polite)”).


一家頭

/iɪʔ³³ ka⁵⁵ dɤ²¹/

/iɪʔ³³ ka⁵⁵ dɤ²¹/

我一家頭去，㑚覅來。

我一家头去，㑚覅来。

He drank a whole pound of shaojiu on his own.

俚一家頭吃仔一斤燒酒

俚一家头吃仔一斤烧酒

(Northern Wu) alone; by oneself; without company


……呢……嚕

……呢……噜
……呢……路
……哩……路

搞呢搞嚕／搞呢搞噜 [Cantonese] ― gaau² ni¹ gaau² lou³ [Jyutping]


奴家

/nu³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/nˡu⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾a⁵⁵/

/nu³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/nˡu⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾a⁵⁵/


咱家

/t͡sä³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/t͡sä³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯ä³/

/t͡sä³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/t͡sä³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯ä³/

(archaic, dialectal Mandarin, vulgar) I; me


典解

(Hong Kong Cantonese, chiefly Internet slang, neologism) why?


乜乜物物

/mɐt̚⁵ mɐt̚⁵ mɐt̚² mɐt̚²/

/mɐt̚⁵ mɐt̚⁵ mɐt̚² mɐt̚²/


接個

/t͡ɕiəʔ³³ koʔ³⁴/

/t͡ɕiəʔ³³ koʔ³⁴/


電母

/ti̯ɛn⁵¹ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ti̯ɛn⁵¹ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Chinese mythology) goddess of lightning


嗰時

/kɔː³⁵ siː²¹/

/kɔː³⁵ siː²¹⁻³⁵/

/kɔː³⁵ siː²¹/

/kɔː³⁵ siː²¹⁻³⁵/


何地

No matter when or where you have any difficulties or questions, please feel free to contact me.

Wúlùn héshí hédì, zhǐyào nǐ yǒu kùnnan huò yǒu rènhé yíwèn, dōu huānyíng suíshí liánxì wǒ.

無論何時何地，只要你有困難或有任何疑問，都歡迎隨時聯繫我。

无论何时何地，只要你有困难或有任何疑问，都欢迎随时联系我。


啥樣

/ʂä³⁵ jɑŋ⁵¹/

/siã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iũ³³/

/siã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iũ³³/

/ʂä³⁵ jɑŋ⁵¹/

/siã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iũ³³/

/siã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iũ³³/


啥講究

/sa³⁴ kɑ̃³³ t͡ɕiɤ⁴⁴/

/sa³⁴ kɑ̃³³ t͡ɕiɤ⁴⁴/


啥事體

/sɑ⁵¹ zz̩²³ tʰi¹¹/

/sɑ⁵¹ zz̩²³ tʰi¹¹/

倷啥事體弗上班？

倷啥事体弗上班？


為啥體

/ɦue²² sa⁵⁵ tʰi²¹/

/ɦue²² sa⁵⁵ tʰi²¹/


呶度

(Zhongshan Cantonese) over there (medial)


她倆

/tʰä⁵⁵ li̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰä⁵⁵ li̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(literary and Internet, chiefly Taiwan) both of them (feminine); the two female persons


哥仔

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² a⁴²/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁵³/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁴¹/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² a⁴²/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁵³/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁴¹/

2003, “拍坏哥囝的心肝”, in 周长楫, 周清海, editors, 《新加坡闽南话俗语歌谣选》, Xiamen: 厦门大学出版社, →ISBN, page 282:

Three lads looked [at me] standing, ruining their mood

saⁿ gê ko-á khiā-leh khòaⁿ, phah-pháiⁿ ko-kiáⁿ ê sim-koaⁿ

三个哥仔徛咧看，拍坏哥囝的心肝

三個哥仔徛咧看，拍壞哥囝的心肝

(Hokkien, poetic) young man; lad (Classifier: 個／个 mn)


哥仔

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² a⁴²/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁵³/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁴¹/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² a⁴²/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁵³/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁴¹/

pe̍h-chu̍t khui-hoe khì-un hô, ko-á bô hiâm lâi thit-thô-, chin-miâ chiàⁿ-sìⁿ kā ko pò, góa miâ kiò-chòe hong-liû-pô

白朮開花氣溫和 哥仔無嫌來𣅄⿺廴月 眞名正姓共哥報 我名呌做風流婆

白术开花气温和 哥仔无嫌来𣅄⿺廴月 真名正姓共哥报 我名叫做风流婆

chúi-gím khui-hoe pe̍h-chhang-chhang ko-á siⁿ súi chin hāi-lâng

水錦開花白葱葱哥仔生水真害人

水锦开花白葱葱哥仔生水真害人

(Hokkien, poetic, chiefly in love songs, dated) you (referring to a young man)


甲己

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ ki³³/

/ka³³⁻²¹ ki²¹/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² ki²²/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² ti²²/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ ti³³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ ki³³/

/ka³³⁻²¹ ki²¹/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² ki²²/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² ti²²/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ ti³³/

(Hokkien) alternative form of 家己 (“self; oneself”)


各類

/kɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ leɪ̯⁵¹/

/kɔːk̚³ lɵy̯²²/

/kɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ leɪ̯⁵¹/

/kɔːk̚³ lɵy̯²²/


這廝

/ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/


佗一股

倒一股
搭一股:Zhangzhou Hokkien
搭一箇:Zhangzhou Hokkien

/to⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sit̚⁴⁻³² kɔ⁵³/

/ta(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡sit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kɔ⁵³/

/to⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sit̚⁴⁻³² kɔ⁵³/

/ta(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡sit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kɔ⁵³/


佗一

/ta(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡sit̚¹²¹/

/ta(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡sit̚¹²¹/


種個

/t͡siɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ e²⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡe²⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ e⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ e²⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡe²⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ e⁵⁵⁴/

种个
此個
種其
種的
種牙

(Quanzhou, Taiwanese and Philippine Hokkien) this; these; this kind; this sort


响個

/hiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡe²⁴/

/hiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ e⁵⁵⁴/

/hiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡe²⁴/

/hiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ e⁵⁵⁴/

(Quanzhou, Taiwanese and Philippine Hokkien) that; those; that kind; that sort


乜乜柒柒

/mɐt̚⁵ mɐt̚⁵ t͡sʰɐt̚² t͡sʰɐt̚²/

/mɐt̚⁵ mɐt̚⁵ t͡sʰɐt̚² t͡sʰɐt̚²/

(Cantonese, vulgar) synonym of 乜乜物物 (mat¹ mat¹ mat⁶ mat⁶)


遮人

/t͡sia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ laŋ²⁴/

/t͡sia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ laŋ¹³/

/t͡sia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ laŋ²⁴/

/t͡sia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ laŋ¹³/


遮的人

/t͡sia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ e²⁴⁻²² laŋ²⁴/

/t͡sia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ e¹³⁻²² laŋ¹³/

/t͡sia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ e²⁴⁻²² laŋ²⁴/

/t͡sia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ e¹³⁻²² laŋ¹³/


咸人

/ham⁵⁵⁻¹¹ naŋ⁵⁵/

/ham⁵⁵⁻¹¹ naŋ⁵⁵/


底落

/tit̚⁵⁻²⁴ loʔ⁵/

/tit̚⁵⁻²⁴ loʔ⁵/

(Jinjiang and Zhao'an Hokkien, Xianyou Puxian Min) where


是我

/zəʔ¹² ŋuo⁵⁴⁵/

/zɛʔ² ŋo²¹²/


晚生

/wän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/buan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/buan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/wän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/buan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/buan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

(literary, self-deprecatory, polite, dated or Hokkien) I; me (first-person singular pronoun used politely to a superior or inferior)


只所

/t͡sœ³³⁻³⁵ nˡœ³³/

/t͡sœ³³⁻³⁵ nˡœ³³/


啥貨仔

/sã(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ hue²¹⁻⁵³ a⁵³/

/sã(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ hue²¹⁻⁵³ a⁵³/


啥物仔

/sã(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ mĩ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²² a⁵³/

/sã(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ mĩ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²² a⁵³/


啥款

/siã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰuan⁵³/

/siã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰuan⁴¹/

/siã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰuan⁵⁵⁴/

/sã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰuan⁵³/

/sã(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰuan⁵³/

/siã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰuan⁵³/

/siã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰuan⁴¹/

/siã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰuan⁵⁵⁴/

/sã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰuan⁵³/

/sã(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰuan⁵³/


安在

/ˀän⁵⁵ t͡saɪ̯⁵¹/

/ˀän⁵⁵ t͡saɪ̯⁵¹/


是儂

/zəʔ²² nu³⁵/

/zəʔ²² nu³⁵/


是渠

實渠
是夷
實夷
是伊
實伊

/zz̩²² ɦi⁵³/

/zz̩²² ɦi⁵³/


是㑚

/zəʔ²² nɑ³⁵/

/zəʔ²² nɑ³⁵/


是渠拉

/zz̩²² ɦi⁵⁵ lɑ³¹/

/zz̩²² ɦi⁵⁵ lɑ³¹/


渠拉

/d͡ʑiɪʔ²² lɐʔ³⁵/

/d͡ʑiɪʔ²² lɐʔ³⁵/


爾㑚

/n̩²² nɐʔ⁴⁴/

/n̩²² nɐʔ⁴⁴/


醬子

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

哎呀，不要醬子嘛。

哎呀，不要酱子嘛。

對，就是醬子。

对，就是酱子。

(Mandarin, Internet slang, cute-sounding) contraction of 這樣子 /这样子 (zhèyàngzi, “this way; like this”)


箇個

/ɡəʔ¹¹ ɡəʔ²³/

/ɡəʔ¹¹ əʔ²³/

/ɡəʔ¹¹ ɦəʔ²³/

/ɡəʔ¹¹ ɡəʔ²³/

/ɡəʔ¹¹ əʔ²³/

/ɡəʔ¹¹ ɦəʔ²³/

箇个
搿個
搿格
搿葛
格個
格格
格葛
葛個
葛格
葛葛
個個

2024, 第二聲 [DINISHING], transl., 日逐聖經, translation of the Bible, 使徒約翰个書信第一封, 5:14, 標吳試譯:

And this is the boldness which we have toward him, that, if we ask anything according to his will, he heareth us

要是我伲照佢个旨意求啥物事，佢會得聽我伲个，箇個是我伲放膽相信佢个。

要是我伲照佢个旨意求啥物事，佢会得听我伲个，箇个是我伲放胆相信佢个。


這所在

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sai²²/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁵ sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sai²²/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sai²²/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁵ sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sai²²/

(Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) this place; here


咸儂

/ham⁵⁵⁻¹¹ naŋ⁵⁵/

/ham⁵⁵⁻¹¹ naŋ⁵⁵/

nang² ham⁵ nang⁵ zo³ zêg⁸ ê⁷ cug⁴ ke³ ziah⁸ ba⁷!

咱咸儂做一下出去食吧！

咱咸侬做一下出去食吧！


卿家

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

(archaic, honorific) a term of address by the emperor for his officials


彼擺

/hit̚⁵⁻²⁴ pai⁵⁵⁴/

/hit̚⁵⁻²⁴ pai⁵⁵⁴/

(Hokkien) at that time; in those days; back then


彼過

/hit̚³²⁻⁴ ke²¹/

/hit̚⁵⁻²⁴ kə⁴¹/

/hit̚³²⁻⁴ ke²¹/

/hit̚⁵⁻²⁴ kə⁴¹/


恁麼

/jɐm²² mɔː⁵⁵/

/jɐm²² mɔː⁵⁵/


啥幹

Contraction of 啥 and 事幹／事干.
Compare e.g. Shanghainese, Suzhounese 啥體／啥体 from 啥 + 事體／事体.


哪會兒

/nä²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯əɻ⁵¹/

/nä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xu̯əɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nä²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯əɻ⁵¹/

/nä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xu̯əɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


只爿

/t͡si⁵²⁻³⁵ põĩ⁵⁵/

/t͡si⁵²⁻³⁵ pãĩ⁵⁵/

/t͡si⁵²⁻³⁵ põĩ⁵⁵/

/t͡si⁵²⁻³⁵ pãĩ⁵⁵/