abscissa

en-noun

abscissa (plural abscissas or abscissae or abscissæ)

abscissas (plural)
abscissae (plural)
abscissæ (plural)

By ellipsis from Latin [linea] abscissa, feminine of abscissus, perfect passive participle of abscindō (“cut off”). See abscind.

The point (3,2) has 3 as its abscissa and 2 as its ordinate.

(geometry) The first of the two terms by which a point is referred to, in a system of fixed rectilinear coordinate (Cartesian coordinate) axes.

(geometry) The horizontal line representing an axis of a Cartesian coordinate system, on which the abscissa (sense above) is shown.


abscissa

abscissas (plural)
abcissa (alternative Portugal)

Coordinate term: ordenada

(geometry) abscissa (first of two coordinates)


absis

(geometry, surveying) the first of the two terms by which a point is referred to, in a system of fixed rectilinear coordinate (Cartesian coordinate) axes

(geometry, surveying) the horizontal line representing an axis of a Cartesian coordinate system, on which the abscissa (sense above) is shown


accidental

en-adj

accidental (comparative more accidental, superlative most accidental)

more accidental (comparative)
most accidental (superlative)
accidentall (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English accidental, from Anglo-Norman accidentel, Middle French accidentel, accidental, and their source, Late Latin accidēntālis; corresponding to accident + -al.

(geometry) Being a double point with two distinct tangent planes in 4-dimensional projective space.


lens

en-noun

lens (plural lenses or (obsolete) lens or (rare) lentes)

lenses (plural)
lens (obsolete plural)
lentes (plural rare)
lense (alternative)

→ Bengali: লেন্স (lenś)

→ Turkish: lens

Borrowed from Latin lēns (“lentil”), with Medieval Latin later taking on the sense of “lens”, a semantic loan from Arabic عَدْسَة (ʕadsa, “lentil; optic lens”).

semantic loan

(geometry) A convex shape bounded by two circular arcs, joined at their endpoints, the corresponding concave shape being a lune.

lens

geometry: convex shape bounded by two circular arcs


star

Sranan Tongo: stari
Aukan: sitali

→ Finnish: stara

→ French: star

→ German: Star

→ Italian: star

→ Swahili: staa

From Middle English sterre, from Old English steorra (“star”), from Proto-West Germanic *sterrō, variant of *sternō, from Proto-Germanic *sternô, *sternǭ (“star”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr (“star”). Doublet of aster, stella, étoile, and estoile.
Cognates
Cognate with Scots starn, ster, North Frisian steer, West Frisian stjer, Saterland Frisian Stiern, Dutch ster, Luxembourgish Stär, German Stern, Yiddish שטערן (shtern), Vilamovian śtaom, Swedish stjärna, Norwegian stjerne, Icelandic stjarna, Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍉 (stairnō), Spanish estrella, Portuguese estrela, French étoile, Italian stella, Romanian stea, Occitan estela, Venetan stéła, Sicilian stidda, Sardinian isteddu, Mirandese streilha, Walloon sitoele, Romansch staila, Megleno-Romanian steau̯ă, Istriot stila, Istro-Romanian ste, Latin stēlla, Greek αστέρι (astéri), Ancient Greek ἀστήρ (astḗr), Old Armenian աստղ (astł), Persian ستاره (setâre), Tajik ситора (sitora), Pashto ستوری (storay), Mazanderani اساره (ëssâre), Northern Kurdish stêr, Central Kurdish ئەستێرە (estêre), Zazaki astare, Ossetian стъалы (st’aly), Hindi तारा (tārā), Urdu تارا (tārā), Punjabi ਤਾਰਾ (tārā), Gujarati તારો (tāro), Sanskrit तारा (tārā).

аеҵǝа

a celestial body appearing as a point of light on the clear night sky, whose position is relatively fixed with respect to each other

(geometry) A concave polygon with regular, pointy protrusions and indentations, usually with four, five, or six points.


os

sk-noun

os f (relational adjective osový, diminutive oska or osička)

osový (adjective relational)
oska (diminutive)
osička (diminutive)
singular
plural
nominative
os
osi
genitive
osí
dative
osiam
accusative
locative
osiach
instrumental
osou
osami


os

ọ̑s (canonical feminine)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
ós (nominative singular)
osí (dual nominative)
osí (nominative plural)
osí (genitive singular)
osí (dual genitive)
osí (genitive plural)
ôsi (dative singular)
oséma (dative dual)
osém (dative plural)
ós (accusative singular)
osí (accusative dual)
osí (accusative plural)
ôsi (locative singular)
oséh (dual locative)
oséh (locative plural)
osjó (instrumental singular)
oséma (dual instrumental)
osmí (instrumental plural)


pencil

pencils (plural)
pensill (alternative obsolete)

Tok Pisin: pensil

→ Bole: pensur

→ Central Dusun: pinsil

→ Central Melanau: pisil

→ Dhivehi: ފަންސުރު (fan̊suru)

desc

→ Gulf Arabic: بِنْسِل (pinsil, binsil) (obsolete)

→ Hausa: fensir

→ Hindi: पेंसिल (pensil), पेन्सिल (pensil)

→ Iban: pinsil

→ Indonesian: pènsil

→ Maguindanao: pinsil

or via Tok Pisin <i class="Latn mention" lang="tpi">pensil</i>

→ Maia: pensil (or via Tok Pisin pensil)

→ Malay: pensel

→ Malayalam: പെൻസിൽ (peṉsil)

→ Marshallese: pinjeļ

→ Pennsylvania German: Bensil

→ Scottish Gaelic: peansail

→ Swahili: penseli

→ Swazi: ípénseli

→ Tagalog: pensil

→ Tausug: pinsil

→ Telugu: పెన్సిలు (pensilu)

→ Welsh: pensil, pensel

→ Xhosa: ípénsile

→ Yoruba: pẹ́ńsù

From Anglo-Norman and Old French pincil (see the variant pincel, which gave rise to Modern French pinceau (“paintbrush”)), from Latin pēnicillum, diminutive of pēniculus (“brush”), itself a diminutive of pēnis (“tail; penis”). Not related to pen.

When, by the pencil becoming oblique to the surface, the vergency produced on the pencil becomes changed, the primary and secondary focal points, V and H, separate […]

1863, The Civil Engineer and Architect's Journal:

A drillable robot is capable of placing its end link in any orientation in the pencil of planes containing its first link.

1987, R. E. Trahan, Applied Identification, Modelling and Simulation, page 107:

Let l and m be two hyperparallel lines. All the transversals to l and m that form congruent corresponding angles with l and m lie in a pencil.

2012, G. E. Martin, The Foundations of Geometry and the Non-Euclidean Plane, page 357:

(geometry) A family of geometric objects with a common property, such as the set of lines that pass through a given point in a projective plane.


apple

qualifier

< <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">apples</i>

→ Abenaki: aples (< apples)

→ Arikara: ápos (< apples)

→ Assamese: আপেল (apel)

→ Bengali: আপেল (apel)

→ Dhivehi: އާފަލު (āfalu)

→ Dzongkha: ཨེ་པཱལ (e pāl)

→ East Futuna: apo

→ Fijian: yapolo

→ Fiji Hindi: aapul

→ Finnish: äpyli

→ Malay: epal (Malaysia)

→ Malayalam: ആപ്പിൾ (āppiḷ)

→ Maori: āporo

→ Marshallese: abōļ

→ Sinhalese: ඇපල් (æpal)

→ Sotho: apole

Sylheti: ꠀꠄꠚꠟ (aefól)

→ Tamil: ஆப்பிள் (āppiḷ)

→ Telugu: ఆపిల్ (āpil)

desc

→ Thai: แอปเปิล (ɛ́p-bpə̂n)

→ Thai: แอปเปิล (ɛ́p-bpə̂n)

→ Tokelauan: apu

→ Tok Pisin: apel

→ Yurok: 'erplers (< apples)

Book of Genesis
Frans Floris
Malmö Art Museum
The Fall of Man

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl
Proto-Germanic *aplaz
Proto-West Germanic *applu
Old English æppel
Middle English appel
English apple
The noun is derived from Middle English appel (“Malus domestica fruit or tree, apple; any type of fruit, nut, or tuber; tree bearing fruit; (figurative) ball, sphere; (Christianity) forbidden fruit in Eden”), from Old English æppel (“apple; any type of fruit; (figurative) ball, sphere; eyeball”), from Proto-West Germanic *applu (“apple; any type of fruit”), from Proto-Germanic *aplaz (“apple; any type of fruit”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl, *h₂ébl̥ (“apple”).
As regards sense 1.4 (“forbidden fruit”), the type of fruit eaten by Adam and Eve is not identified in the Book of Genesis in the Bible. It may have come to be identified with the apple because of the similarity between Latin mālum (“apple”) and malum (“evil; misery, torment; wrongdoing”).
The verb is derived from the noun.
Cognates
Cognate with Danish æble, Dutch appel, German Apfel, Irish úll, Lithuanian óbuolỹs, Russian я́блоко (jábloko), Scots aipple, Swedish äpple, Welsh afal, West Frisian apel, possibly Ancient Greek ἄμπελος (ámpelos, “vine”).

ref

From the collection of the Malmö Art Museum in Malmö, Scania, Sweden.

omena

something which resembles the fruit of Malus domestica

the apple doesn't fall far from the tree

the apples on the other side of the wall are the sweetest

Malus domestica
Malus domestica#Translingual

surface of revolution
surface of revolution

A common, firm, round fruit produced by a tree of the genus Malus.

Something which resembles the fruit of Malus domestica (sense 1.1) in shape (such as a ball, breast, or globe) or colour.

(geometry) The surface of revolution of a circular arc of an angle greater than 180° rotated about the straight line passing through the arc's two endpoints.


radio

Borrowed from Latin radius. Doublet of rayo.


absolute

absolutes (plural)
abs. (alternative)
absolut (alternative)

First attested around 1380. From Middle English absolut, from Middle French absolut, from Latin absolūtus (“unconditional; unfettered; completed”), perfect passive participle of absolvō (“loosen, set free, complete”), from ab (“away”) + solvo (“to loose”). Influenced in part by Old French absolu. Compare absolve.

der

(geometry) In a plane, the two imaginary circular points at infinity; in space of three dimensions, the imaginary circle at infinity.


translationary

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-translationary.wav

(geometry) Pertaining to the shifting of coordinate axes.


dual

duals (plural)
du. (alternative abbreviation)

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
Borrowed from Latin dualis (“two”), from duo (“two”) + adjective suffix -alis.

The octahedron is the dual of the cube.

(geometry) Of a regular polyhedron with V vertices and F faces, the regular polyhedron having F vertices and V faces.


cube

From Old French cube, from Latin cubus, from Ancient Greek κύβος (kúbos).

(geometry) A regular polyhedron having six identical square faces.

kubus

geometry: polyhedron having of six identical square faces


hexahedron

en-noun

hexahedron (plural hexahedrons or hexahedra)


parallel

head

parallel (neuter parallelt, plural and definite singular attributive parallelle)

parallelt (neuter)
parallelle (attributive definite singular)
parallelle (attributive plural)

Via Latin parallēlus from Ancient Greek παράλληλος (parállēlos, “side-by-side”), from παρά (pará, “by”) + ἀλλήλοις (allḗlois, “each other”)

af

(geometry) parallel (equally distant at all points)


parallel

head

parallel c (singular definite parallellen, plural indefinite paralleller)

parallellen (definite singular)
paralleller (indefinite plural)
parallel (indefinite nominative singular)
parallellen (definite nominative singular)
paralleller (indefinite nominative plural)
parallellerne (definite nominative plural)
parallels (genitive indefinite singular)
parallellens (definite genitive singular)
parallellers (genitive indefinite plural)
parallellernes (definite genitive plural)

(geometry, rare) parallel (a parallel line)


parallel

de-adj

parallel (strong nominative masculine singular paralleler, not comparable)

paralleler (masculine nominative singular strong)
parallel (masculine predicative singular)
parallel (feminine predicative singular)
parallel (neuter predicative singular)
parallel (plural predicative)
paralleler (masculine nominative singular strong without-article)
parallele (feminine nominative singular strong without-article)
paralleles (neuter nominative singular strong without-article)
parallele (nominative plural strong without-article)
parallelen (genitive masculine singular strong without-article)
paralleler (feminine genitive singular strong without-article)
parallelen (genitive neuter singular strong without-article)
paralleler (genitive plural strong without-article)
parallelem (dative masculine singular strong without-article)
paralleler (dative feminine singular strong without-article)
parallelem (dative neuter singular strong without-article)
parallelen (dative plural strong without-article)
parallelen (accusative masculine singular strong without-article)
parallele (accusative feminine singular strong without-article)
paralleles (accusative neuter singular strong without-article)
parallele (accusative plural strong without-article)
der parallele (definite includes-article masculine nominative singular weak)
die parallele (definite feminine includes-article nominative singular weak)
das parallele (definite includes-article neuter nominative singular weak)
die parallelen (definite includes-article nominative plural weak)
des parallelen (definite genitive includes-article masculine singular weak)
der parallelen (definite feminine genitive includes-article singular weak)
des parallelen (definite genitive includes-article neuter singular weak)
der parallelen (definite genitive includes-article plural weak)
dem parallelen (dative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
der parallelen (dative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
dem parallelen (dative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
den parallelen (dative definite includes-article plural weak)
den parallelen (accusative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
die parallele (accusative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
das parallele (accusative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
die parallelen (accusative definite includes-article plural weak)
ein paralleler (includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular)
eine parallele (feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular)
ein paralleles (includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular)
parallelen (indefinite mixed nominative plural)
keine parallelen (includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural)
eines parallelen (genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer parallelen (feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
eines parallelen (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
parallelen (genitive indefinite mixed plural)
keiner parallelen (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einem parallelen (dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer parallelen (dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
einem parallelen (dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
parallelen (dative indefinite mixed plural)
keinen parallelen (dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einen parallelen (accusative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
eine parallele (accusative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
ein paralleles (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
parallelen (accusative indefinite mixed plural)
keine parallelen (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)

Borrowed from Latin parallēlus, parallēlos, from Ancient Greek παράλληλος (parállēlos).

Die Autobahn verläuft parallel zur Eisenbahn aber in ganz unterschiedlichen Biegungen und Kurven.

Die Eheleute hatten nichts verabredet, so haben sie parallel (zueinander) eingekauft.

serving the same purpose, leading to the same result


perpendicular

en-adj

perpendicular (comparative more perpendicular, superlative most perpendicular)

more perpendicular (comparative)
most perpendicular (superlative)

Derived from Middle French perpendiculaire, from Old French perpendiculer, from Latin perpendiculum (“plumb line”).

der+

In most houses, the walls are perpendicular to the floor.

A doorknob of whatever roundish shape is effectively a continuum of levers, with the axis of the latching mechanism—known as the spindle—being the fulcrum about which the turning takes place. Applying a force tangential to the knob is essentially equivalent to applying one perpendicular to a radial line defining the lever.

2012 March 18, Henry Petroski, “Opening Doors”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, pages 112–3:

(geometry) At or forming a right angle (to something).


perpendicular

(geometry) A line or plane that is perpendicular to another.


triangle

/ˈtɹaɪəŋɡəl/

/ˈtɹaɪˌæŋɡəl/

/ˈtɹaɪˌæŋɡəl/

PIE word
 *tréyes
From Middle English triangle, from Old French triangle, from Latin triangulum, noun use of adjective triangulus (“three-cornered, having three angles”), from trēs (“three”) + angulus (“corner, angle”), equivalent to tri- + angle.

The wedge-shaped character was the triangle, the archaic Paleolithic sign of the vulva; the pubic triangle was at the end of the phallic stylus.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 22:

(geometry) A polygon with three sides and three angles.


triangle

Borrowed from Latin triangulum. By surface analysis, tri- + angle.

triangle équilatéral

triangle isocèle


polygonal

de-adj

polygonal (strong nominative masculine singular polygonaler, not comparable)

polygonaler (masculine nominative singular strong)
polygonal (masculine predicative singular)
polygonal (feminine predicative singular)
polygonal (neuter predicative singular)
polygonal (plural predicative)
polygonaler (masculine nominative singular strong without-article)
polygonale (feminine nominative singular strong without-article)
polygonales (neuter nominative singular strong without-article)
polygonale (nominative plural strong without-article)
polygonalen (genitive masculine singular strong without-article)
polygonaler (feminine genitive singular strong without-article)
polygonalen (genitive neuter singular strong without-article)
polygonaler (genitive plural strong without-article)
polygonalem (dative masculine singular strong without-article)
polygonaler (dative feminine singular strong without-article)
polygonalem (dative neuter singular strong without-article)
polygonalen (dative plural strong without-article)
polygonalen (accusative masculine singular strong without-article)
polygonale (accusative feminine singular strong without-article)
polygonales (accusative neuter singular strong without-article)
polygonale (accusative plural strong without-article)
der polygonale (definite includes-article masculine nominative singular weak)
die polygonale (definite feminine includes-article nominative singular weak)
das polygonale (definite includes-article neuter nominative singular weak)
die polygonalen (definite includes-article nominative plural weak)
des polygonalen (definite genitive includes-article masculine singular weak)
der polygonalen (definite feminine genitive includes-article singular weak)
des polygonalen (definite genitive includes-article neuter singular weak)
der polygonalen (definite genitive includes-article plural weak)
dem polygonalen (dative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
der polygonalen (dative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
dem polygonalen (dative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
den polygonalen (dative definite includes-article plural weak)
den polygonalen (accusative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
die polygonale (accusative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
das polygonale (accusative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
die polygonalen (accusative definite includes-article plural weak)
ein polygonaler (includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular)
eine polygonale (feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular)
ein polygonales (includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular)
polygonalen (indefinite mixed nominative plural)
keine polygonalen (includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural)
eines polygonalen (genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer polygonalen (feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
eines polygonalen (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
polygonalen (genitive indefinite mixed plural)
keiner polygonalen (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einem polygonalen (dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer polygonalen (dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
einem polygonalen (dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
polygonalen (dative indefinite mixed plural)
keinen polygonalen (dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einen polygonalen (accusative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
eine polygonale (accusative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
ein polygonales (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
polygonalen (accusative indefinite mixed plural)
keine polygonalen (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)


polygon

From Ancient Greek πολύγωνον (polúgōnon), from πολύς (polús, “many”) + γωνία (gōnía, “angle”).

(geometry) A plane figure bounded by edges that are all straight lines.

(geometry) The boundary of such a figure.

(geometry, more generally) A figure comprising vertices and (not necessarily straight) edges, alternatingly.

(geometry) Such a figure and its interior, taken as a whole.


square

→ Welsh: sgwâr

From Middle English square, sqware, squyre; from Old French esquarre, esquerre, (modern French équerre), from Vulgar Latin *exquadra, from Latin ex- + quadro, from quadrus (compare English quad and quadra). Doublet of squad and squadra.
Displaced Old English fēowerecge (fēower nominative + ecg accusative, as in "four-edged").

I took refuge in the square form and exhibited a picture which consisted of nothing more than a black square on a white field.

1927, Kazimir Malevich, The Non-Objective World:

(geometry) A polygon with four straight sides of equal length and four right angles; an equilateral rectangle; a regular quadrilateral.


square

en-verb

square (third-person singular simple present squares, present participle squaring, simple past and past participle squared)

squares (present singular third-person)
squaring (participle present)
squared (participle past)
squared (past)

подравнявам

to adjust so as to align with or place at a right angle

jalustaa poikittain

nautical: to place at right angles with the keel

square the circle

(transitive, geometry) To draw, with a pair of compasses and a straightedge only, a square with the same area as.

neliöidä

geometry: to draw a square with same area as something else

(transitive, geometry) To tile (completely fill) with squares.


trapezoid

/ˈtɹæpəzɔɪd/

/ˈtɹæpəzɔɪd/

From Ancient Greek τραπέζιον (trapézion, “irregular quadrilateral”, literally “a little table”) + -oid (“resembling”).

der

There was a trapezoid of light on his shoulder, some bright fragment torn from a greater plane.

2023, Brandon Taylor, The Late Americans, Jonathan Cape, page 178:

(geometry, US, Canada) A (convex) quadrilateral with two (non-adjacent) parallel sides.

trapezium

convex quadrilateral with two non-adjacent parallel sides

(geometry, British, Australia, New Zealand) A convex quadrilateral with no sides parallel.

irregular quadrilateral

convex quadrilateral with no parallel sides


trapezoid

pl-noun

trapezoid m inan (related adjective trapezoidalny)

trapezoidalny (adjective)
trapezoid (nominative singular)
trapezoidy (nominative plural)
trapezoidu (genitive singular)
trapezoidów (genitive plural)
trapezoidowi (dative singular)
trapezoidom (dative plural)
trapezoid (accusative singular)
trapezoidy (accusative plural)
trapezoidem (instrumental singular)
trapezoidami (instrumental plural)
trapezoidzie (locative singular)
trapezoidach (locative plural)
trapezoidzie (singular vocative)
trapezoidy (plural vocative)

(geometry) trapezium, trapezoid (quadrilateral with two sides parallel and two sides non-parallel)


hemisphere

hemispheres (plural)
hemisphære (alternative)

→ Welsh: hemisffer

From Latin hemisphaerium, from Ancient Greek ἡμισφαίριον (hēmisphaírion), from ἡμι- (hēmi-, “half”) + σφαῖρα (sphaîra, “sphere”). Equivalent to hemi- + sphere. Displaced native Old English healftrendel (literally “half-sphere”).

ncog

(geometry) Any half-sphere, formed by a plane intersecting the center of a sphere. .


compass

From Middle English compas (“a circle, circuit, limit, form, a mathematical instrument”), from Old French compas, from Medieval Latin compassus (“a circle, a circuit”), from Latin com- (“together”) + passus (“a pace, step, later a pass, way, route”); see pass, pace.

der

within the compass of an encircling wall

(obsolete) An enclosing limit; a boundary, a circumference.


skew

en-adj

skew (not generally comparable, comparative skewer or more skew, superlative skewest or most skew)

skewer (comparative)
more skew (comparative)
skewest (superlative)
most skew (superlative)

The verb is derived from Middle English skeuen, skewe, skewen (“to run at an angle or obliquely; to escape”), from Old Northern French escuer [and other forms], variants of Old French eschuer, eschever, eschiver (“to escape, flee; to avoid”) (modern French esquiver (“to dodge (a blow), duck; to elude, evade; to slip away; to sidestep”)), from Frankish *skiuhan (“to dread; to avoid, shun”), from Proto-Germanic *skiuhijaną (“to frighten”). The English word is cognate with Catalan esquiu (“evasive, shy”), Danish skæv (“crooked, slanting; skew, wry”) (> Norwegian Bokmål skjev), Dutch scheef (“crooked, slanting”), Norwegian skeiv (“crooked, lopsided; oblique, slanting; distorted”), Saterland Frisian skeeuw (“aslant, slanting; oblique; awry”), and is a doublet of eschew.
The adjective and adverb are probably derived from the verb and/or from askew, and the noun is derived from either the adjective or the verb.

cog

Through the given point there are two lines one of which is parallel to one of the given skew lines, while the other is parallel to the other of the given skew lines. These two "parallels" determine a plane, and the only plane, that is parallel to both the given skew lines.

1963, [George David] Birkhoff, [Ralph] Beatley, Basic Geometry: Answer Book, [New York, N.Y.]: Chelsea Publishing Company, →OCLC:

(not comparable, geometry) Of two lines in three-dimensional space: neither intersecting nor parallel.

vino

of two lines in three-dimensional space: neither intersecting nor parallel


irregular

en-adj

irregular (comparative more irregular, superlative most irregular)

more irregular (comparative)
most irregular (superlative)

/ɪˈɹɛɡ.jʊ.lə/

/ɪˈɹɛɡ.jə.lɚ/

From Middle English irreguler, from Old French irreguler, from Medieval Latin or Late Latin irrēgulāris, from in- + regularis, equivalent to ir- + regular.

(geometry, of a polygon) not regular; having sides that are not equal or angles that are not equal

(geometry, of a polyhedron) whose faces are not all regular polygons (or are not equally inclined to each other)


regular

regular (comparative more regular, superlative most regular)

more regular (comparative)
most regular (superlative)
reg'lar (alternative)
reg (alternative)
reg. (alternative)

/ˈɹɛɡ.jə.lɚ/

[ˈɹɛɡ.jɪ̈.lɚ]

From Middle English reguler, from Anglo-Norman reguler, Middle French reguler, regulier, and their source, Latin rēgulāris (“continuing rules for guidance”), from rēgula (“rule”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *reg- (“move in a straight line”).

register

not etymologically related but has semantic associations

(geometry, of a polygon) Both equilateral and equiangular; having all sides of the same length, and all (corresponding) angles of the same size

مُنْتَظِمٌ

of a polygon: having all sides and corresponding angles equal

(geometry, of a polyhedron) Whose faces are all congruent regular polygons, equally inclined to each other.

правилен

of a polyhedron: whose faces are all congruent regular polygons


regular

ca-adj

regular m or f (masculine and feminine plural regulars)

(geometry) regular (both equilateral and equiangular)


quadrant

quadrants (plural)
quadraunt (alternative)

From Middle English quadrant, from Old French cadran, quadrant and its etymon Latin quadrāns, -antis (“fourth part of something, quarter”). Doublet of quadrans.

(geometry) One fourth of a circle or disc; a sector with an angle of 90°.


quadrilateral

Learned borrowing from Latin quadrilaterus.


angle

From Middle English angle, angul, angule, borrowed from Middle French angle, from Latin angulus, anglus (“corner, remote area”). Cognate with Old High German ancha (“nape of the neck”), Middle High German anke (“joint of the foot, nape of neck”). Doublet of angulus and ankle.

cog

the angle between lines A and B

(geometry) A figure formed by two rays which start from a common point (a plane angle) or by three planes that intersect (a solid angle).

The angle between lines A and B is π/4 radians, or 45 degrees.

The single-imaging optic of the mammalian eye offers some distinct visual advantages. Such lenses can take in photons from a wide range of angles, increasing light sensitivity. They also have high spatial resolution, resolving incoming images in minute detail.

2013 July-August, Fenella Saunders, “Tiny Lenses See the Big Picture”, in American Scientist:

(geometry) The measure of such a figure. In the case of a plane angle, this is the ratio (or proportional to the ratio) of the arc length to the radius of a section of a circle cut by the two rays, centered at their common point. In the case of a solid angle, this is the ratio of the surface area to the square of the radius of the section of a sphere.


angle

(geometry) angle (figure formed by two rays which start from a common point)


angle

Inherited from Middle French angle, from Old French angle, from Latin angulus, anglus.

La mesure d'un angle droit est égale à 90 degrés.

The measure of a right angle is equal to 90 degrees.


ordinate

Borrowed from Latin ordino, ordinatus. Doublet of ordain.

The point (3,2) has 3 as its abscissa and 2 as its ordinate.

(geometry) The second of the two terms by which a point is referred to, in a system of fixed rectilinear coordinate (Cartesian coordinate) axes.

(geometry) The vertical line representing an axis of a Cartesian coordinate system, on which the ordinate (sense above) is shown.


right

en-adj

right (comparative further right or more right or righter, superlative furthest right or most right or rightmost or rightest)

further right (comparative)
more right (comparative)
righter (comparative)
furthest right (superlative)
most right (superlative)
rightmost (superlative)
rightest (superlative)
ryght (alternative)
reight (alternative)
rite (alternative)

→ Spanish: right

→ Welsh: reit

From Middle English right, from Old English riht, reht (“right,” also the word for “straight” and “direct”), from Proto-West Germanic *reht, from Proto-Germanic *rehtaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵtós (“having moved in a straight line”), from *h₃reǵ- (“to straighten, direct”).
The Germanic adjective which has been used also as a noun since the common Germanic period. Cognate with West Frisian rjocht, Dutch recht, German recht and Recht, Swedish rätt and rät, Danish ret, Norwegian Bokmål rett, Norwegian Nynorsk rett, Yiddish רעכט (rekht) and Icelandic rétt. The Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek ὀρεκτός (orektós) and Latin rēctus; Albanian drejt was borrowed from Latin.

inh

the left hand doesn't know what the right hand is doing

even a stopped clock is right twice a day

have one's head screwed on the right way

The kitchen counter formed a right angle with the back wall.

(geometry) Of an angle, having a size of 90 degrees, or one quarter of a complete rotation; the angle between two perpendicular lines.

a right triangle   a right prism   a right cone

(geometry) Of a geometric figure, incorporating a right angle between edges, faces, axes, etc.

перпендикулярен

geometry: incorporating a right angle between edges, faces, axes, etc.


project

en-verb

project (third-person singular simple present projects, present participle projecting, simple past and past participle projected)

projects (present singular third-person)
projecting (participle present)
projected (participle past)
projected (past)

/pɹəˈd͡ʒɛkt/

From Latin prōiectus, perfect passive participle of prōiciō (“throw forth, extend; expel”).

(geometry) To draw straight lines from a fixed point through every point of any body or figure, and let these fall upon a surface so as to form the points of a new figure.


lemon

en-noun

lemon (countable and uncountable, plural lemons)

desc

→ Kashubian: lemòna (Canada, United States)

Cream Lemon
Lemon
Lemon (color)
Lemon (geometry)

Inherited from Middle English lymon, from Old French lymon (“citrus”), from Arabic لَيْمُون (laymūn) or Persian لیمون (limon), from Persian لیمو (limu), from Sanskrit निम्बू (nimbū, “lime”), ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *limaw or Munda. Likely doublet of lime.
The fandom sense is named after the erotic anime series Cream Lemon.

(geometry) The surface of revolution of a circular arc of angle less than 180° rotated about the straight line passing through the arc’s two endpoints.


scalene triangle

en-noun

scalene triangle (plural scalene triangles)

(geometry) A triangle having each of its three sides of different lengths.


pyramidal

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-pyramidal.wav

At one point was an isolated pyramidal rock, crowned by a great tree, which appeared to be separated by a cleft from the main crag.

1912, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Lost World […], London; New York, N.Y.: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC:

Below is the deep abyss of the Lauterbrunnen valley, and at its head a stately semi-circle of mountains, with the pyramidal Lauterbrunnen Breithorn as the centre-piece.

1960 December, Voyageur, “The Mountain Railways of the Bernese Oberland”, in Trains Illustrated, page 752:

Among its attractive features were decorative, tile-hung Italianate towers with pyramidal roofs.

2023 March 22, Dr Joseph Brennan, “Grand buildings on the list... and lost: Greenock Princes Pier”, in RAIL, number 979, page 52:

(geometry) Pyramid-shaped.
(crystallography) Tetragonal.


alo

From Proto-Polynesian *qaro, from Proto-Oceanic *qarop, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qadəp.


pyramidoid

pyramidoids (plural)
pyramoid (alternative)

/pɪˈɹæmɪdɔɪd/

(geometry) A solid resembling a pyramid.


pyramoid

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pyramoid.wav

(geometry) Alternative form of pyramidoid.


leg

→ Finnish: legi

→ Hungarian: leg

From Middle English leg, legge, from Old Norse leggr (“leg, calf, bone of the arm or leg, hollow tube, stalk”), from Proto-Germanic *lagjaz, *lagwijaz (“leg, thigh”) (see it for more).
Cognate with Scots leg (“leg”), Icelandic leggur (“leg, limb”), Norwegian Bokmål legg (“leg”), Norwegian Nynorsk legg (“leg”), Swedish lägg (“leg, shank, shaft”), Danish læg (“leg”), Lombardic lagi (“thigh, shank, leg”), Latin lacertus (“limb, arm”), Persian لنگ (leng). Upon borrowing, mostly displaced the native Old English term sċanca (Modern English shank).

der

don't pee on my leg and tell me it's raining

don't piss on my leg and tell me it's raining

piss on someone's leg and tell them it's raining

(geometry) One of the two sides of a right triangle that is not the hypotenuse.

been

(mathematics) leg (non-hypotenuse) of a right triangle

(geometry) One of the two equal sides of an isosceles triangle.

(geometry) One of the branches of a hyperbola or other curve which extend outward indefinitely.


foot

en-noun

foot (plural feet or (UK colloquial, unit of measure) foot)

feet (plural)
foot (plural)
foote (alternative obsolete)
feets (alternative dialectal)
foots (alternative nonstandard)

→ Assamese: ফুট (phut)

q

from <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">feet</i>

→ Japanese: フット (futto), フート (fūto); フィート (fīto) (from feet)

→ Russian: фут (fut)

Sranan Tongo: futu

Aukan: futu

Saramaccan: fútu

→ Swahili: futi

→ Thai: ฟุต (fút)

Tok Pisin: fut, put

→ Urdu: فٹ (fuṭ)

→ Phalura: fuṭ

From Middle English fot, fote, foot, from Old English fōt, from Proto-West Germanic *fōt, from Proto-Germanic *fōts, from Proto-Indo-European *pṓds. Doublet of pes, pie (“Spanish unit of length”), and pous.

doublet

not touch something with a ten-foot pole

you cannot put the same shoe on every foot

(geometry) The point of intersection of one line with another that is perpendicular to it.


face

Sranan Tongo: fesi

→ Danish: fjæs

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: fjes

Norwegian Nynorsk: fjes

→ Swedish: fejs, fjäs

→ Wu: 番斯 (¹fe-sy)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-?
Latin faciēs
Late Latin facia
Old French facebor.
Middle English face
English face
From Middle English face, from Old French face, from Late Latin facia, from Latin faciēs (“form, appearance”). Doublet of facies. Displaced native onlete (“face, countenance, appearance”), anleth (“face”), from Old English anwlite, andwlita, compare German Antlitz; Old English ansīen (“face”), Middle English neb (“face, nose”) (from Old English nebb), Middle English ler, leor, leer (“face, cheek, countenance”) (from Old English hlēor), and non-native Middle English vis (“face, appearance, look”) (from Old French vis) and Middle English chere (“face”) from Old French chere.
In the sense of face as in reputation, influenced by Chinese 面子 (miànzi) or 臉／脸 (liǎn), both of which mean literally the front of the head and metaphorically one's public image. See lose face.

noncog

talk to the hand 'cause the face ain't listening

A cube has six faces, each of which is a square.

facet

different specialised meaning in mathematical use

(geometry) Any of the flat bounding surfaces of a polyhedron; more generally, any of the bounding pieces of a polytope of any dimension.

kant

geometry: bounding surface of a polyhedron


face

→ Luxembourgish: Face

Inherited from Middle French and Old French face, from Late Latin facia, from Latin faciēs (“face, shape”). Doublet of faciès.


face

From Old Galician-Portuguese façe, faz, from Latin faciēs. Doublet of fácies.


kara

kara (nominative singular)
kary (nominative plural)
kary (genitive singular)
kar (genitive plural)
karze (dative singular)
karom (dative plural)
karę (accusative singular)
kary (accusative plural)
karą (instrumental singular)
karami (instrumental plural)
karze (locative singular)
karach (locative plural)
karo (singular vocative)
kary (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French carré. First attested in the middle of the 19th century.

ref

Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “kara 3”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)


ściana

pl-noun

ściana f (diminutive ścianka, related adjective ścianowy or ścienny)

ścianka (diminutive)
ścianowy (adjective)
ścienny (adjective)
ściana (nominative singular)
ściany (nominative plural)
ściany (genitive singular)
ścian (genitive plural)
ścianie (dative singular)
ścianom (dative plural)
ścianę (accusative singular)
ściany (accusative plural)
ścianą (instrumental singular)
ścianami (instrumental plural)
ścianie (locative singular)
ścianach (locative plural)
ściano (singular vocative)
ściany (plural vocative)
ściena (alternative Middle Polish)

Inherited from Old Polish ściana. Sense 9 is a semantic loan from English wall.

sl

(geometry) wall; face (any of the flat bounding surfaces of a polyhedron)


dimension

(geometry) The number of independent coordinates needed to specify uniquely the location of a point in a space; also, any of such independent coordinates.


circle

Pitcairn-Norfolk: sirkil

From Middle English circle, cercle, from Old French cercle and Latin circulus, diminutive of Latin circus (“circle, circus”), from Ancient Greek κίρκος (kírkos, “circle, ring”), related to Old English hring (“ring”). Compare also Old English ċircul (“circle, zodiac”), which came from the same Latin source.

der

The set of all points (x, y) such that (x − 1)² + y² = r² is a circle of radius r around the point (1, 0).

(geometry) A two-dimensional geometric figure, a line, consisting of the set of all those points in a plane that are equally distant from a given point (center).

аикәагьежь

geometry: set of points that are equally distant from a center


body

en-noun

body (countable and uncountable, plural bodies)

bodies (plural)
bodie (alternative obsolete)

→ Bislama: bodi

→ Chichewa: bóde

→ Finnish: bodi

→ Indonesian: bodi

Jamaican Creole: badi, bady

Nigerian Pidgin: bọdí

→ Spanish: bodi

→ Swahili: bodi

desc

→ Thai: บอดี้ (bɔɔ-dîi), บอดี

→ Thai: บอดี้ (bɔɔ-dîi), บอดี

Tok Pisin: bodi

Torres Strait Creole: bodi

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰewdʰ-
Proto-West Germanic *bodag
Old English bodiġ
Middle English bodi
English body
From Middle English bodi, bodiȝ, from Old English bodiġ (“body, trunk, chest, torso, height, stature”), from Proto-West Germanic *bodag (“body, trunk”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewdʰ- (“to be awake, observe”). Cognate with Old High German botah (whence Swabian Bottich (“body, torso”)).

有黏性

comparative viscosity, solidity or substance

body-focused repetitive behavior disorder

(geometry) A three-dimensional object, such as a cube or cone.


complex

en-adj

complex (comparative more complex or (nonstandard) complexer, superlative most complex or (nonstandard) complexest)

more complex (comparative)
complexer (comparative nonstandard)
most complex (superlative)
complexest (nonstandard superlative)

From French complexe, from Latin complexus, past participle of complector (“I entwine, encircle, compass, infold”), from com- (“together”) and plectere (“to weave, braid”). May be analyzed as com- + -plex. See complect. Doublet of complexus.

(geometry) A curve, polygonderi or other figure that crosses or intersects itself.


branch

branches (plural)
braunch (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English branche, braunche, bronche, from Old French branche, branke, from Late Latin branca (“footprint”, later also “paw, claw”) (whence Middle High German pranke, German Pranke (“paw”)), of unknown origin.
Perhaps of Celtic origin, from a hypothetical Gaulish *vranca, from Proto-Indo-European *wrónk-eh₂. If so, then Indo-European cognates include Old Norse rá, vró (“angle, corner”), and possibly Lithuanian rankà (“hand”), Old Church Slavonic рѫка (rǫka, “hand”), Albanian rangë (“yardwork”).
The verb is from Middle English braunchen, from the noun.

unk

unknown

fall out of the ugly tree and hit every branch

the highest branch is not the safest roost

the branches of a hyperbola

(geometry) One of the portions of a curve that extends outwards to an indefinitely great distance.

haara

geometry: one of the portions of a curve that extends to infinity


curve

Attested since the 1690s, from Latin curvus (“bent, curved”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to bend, curve, turn”) + *-wós. Doublet of curb, shrink, carcer, and cancer.

doublet

(analytic geometry) A continuous map from a one-dimensional space to a multidimensional space.

(geometry) A one-dimensional figure of non-zero length; the graph of a continuous map from a one-dimensional space.


cell

From Middle English celle, selle, from Old English cell (attested in inflected forms), from Latin cella (“chamber, small room, compartment”), later reinforced by Old French cel, sele, Old French cele. ultimately from Proto-Italic *kelnā, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelneh₂, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”). Doublet of cella and hall.

der

intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell

melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cell

(geometry) A three-dimensional facet of a polytope.

포

geometry: a three-dimensional facet of a polytope


ring

→ French: ring
→ Romanian: ring

→ Hungarian: ring

→ Italian: ring

→ Japanese: リング

→ Polish: ring

→ Serbo-Croatian: ring

→ Spanish: ring

→ Turkish: ring

From Middle English ryng, from Old English hring (“ring, circle”), from Proto-West Germanic *hring, from Proto-Germanic *hringaz (“ring”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krengʰ-, extended nasalized form of *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). Doublet of rank and rink, as well as indirectly range.
Cognates
* West Frisian ring
* Low German Ring
* Dutch ring
* German Ring
* Swedish ring
* Finnish rengas
More distantly cognate with Proto-Slavic *krǫgъ (whence Bulgarian кръг (krǎg), Polish krąg, Russian круг (krug)).

(geometry) A planar geometrical figure included between two concentric circles.


spread

en-noun

spread (countable and uncountable, plural spreads)

From Middle English spreden, from Old English sprǣdan (“to spread, expand”), from Proto-Germanic *spraidijaną (“to spread”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)per- (“to strew, sow, sprinkle”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian spreede (“to spread”), West Frisian spriede (“to spread”), North Frisian spriedjen (“to spread”), Dutch spreiden (“to spread”), Low German spreden (“to spread”), German spreiten (“to spread, spread out”), Norwegian spre, spreie (“to spread, disseminate”), Swedish sprida (“to spread”), Latin spernō, spargō, Ancient Greek σπείρω (speírō), Persian سپردن (sepordan, “to deposit”), English spurn.

cog

(geometry) An unlimited expanse of discontinuous points.


tore

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

(geometry) The surface described by the circumference of a circle revolving about a straight line in its own plane.


round

en-adj

round (comparative rounder or more round, superlative roundest or most round)

rounder (comparative)
more round (comparative)
roundest (superlative)
most round (superlative)
around (alternative)
ron (alternative)

From Middle English round, rounde, from Old Northern French roünt, rund, Old French ront, runt, reont ( > French rond), from both Late Latin retundus and the original Latin rotundus. The noun developed partly from the adjective and partly from the corresponding French noun rond. Doublet of rotund.

pyöreä

pronounced with the mouth in the shape of an "O"

The ancient Egyptian demonstrated that the Earth is round, not flat.

Spherical; shaped like a ball; having a circular cross-section in more than one direction.


box

en-noun

box (plural boxes or (nonstandard, computing, humorous) boxen)

boxes (plural)
boxen (humorous nonstandard plural)

Tok Pisin: bokis

→ Afrikaans: boks

→ Bengali: বাক্স (bakśo)

→ Bulgarian: бокс (boks)

→ Crimean Tatar: boks

→ Danish: boks

→ Dutch: box m

→ Faroese: boks

→ French: box m

→ German: Box f

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बकस m (bakas), बक्सा m (baksā)

Urdu: بکس m (baks, bakas)

→ Icelandic: box n

→ Indonesian: boks

→ Irish: bosca m

→ Italian: box m

→ Japanese: ボックス (bokkusu)

→ Korean: 박스 (bakseu)

→ Maori: pāka

→ Marwari: बकस (baks, bakas)

→ Nepali: बाकस (bākas)

→ Norman: bosc m

→ Norwegian: boks m

→ Pashto: بکس (baks)

→ Persian: باکس (bâks)

→ Polish: boks m

→ Portuguese: box m

→ Russian: бокс m (boks)

→ Scottish Gaelic: bogsa m, bocsa

→ Spanish: box m

→ Swedish: box c

→ Welsh: bocs

Etymology tree
Ancient Greek πῠ́ξος (pŭ́xos)
Ancient Greek -ις (-is)
Ancient Greek πυξίς (puxís)bor.
Late Latin buxisbor.
Proto-West Germanic *buhsā
Old English box
Middle English box
English box
From Middle English box (“container, box, cup”), from Old English box (“box, case”), from Proto-West Germanic *buhsā (“box”) from Late Latin buxis (“box”), Latin pyxis (“small box for medicines or toiletries”), of uncertain origin; compare Ancient Greek πύξος (púxos, “box or tablet made of boxwood; box; cylinder”) and Ancient Greek πυξίς (puxís, “box or tablet made of boxwood; box; cylinder”). Doublet of piseog, pyx, and pyxis.
Cognate with Middle Dutch bosse, busse (“jar; tin; round box”) (modern Dutch bos (“wood, forest”), bus (“container, box; bushing of a wheel”)), Old High German buhsa (Middle High German buhse, bühse, modern German Büchse (“box; can”)), Swedish bössa (“box”).
The humorous plural form boxen is from box + -en, by analogy with oxen.

кутия

compartment or receptacle for receiving items

ramme

rectangular border around an image, text, etc.

квадратче

small area on a document for a tick mark

tofu

empty box displayed by some computer systems in place of a character not supported by available fonts

(geometry, by extension) A rectangular object in any number of dimensions.


base

en-noun

base (countable and uncountable, plural bases)

acid

antonym(s) of “chemical compound that will neutralize an alkali”

From Middle English base, bas, baas, from Old French base, from Latin basis, from Ancient Greek βάσις (básis). Doublet of basis and bass.

أَسَاس

something from which other things extend

basis

chemical compound that will neutralize an acid

(geometry) The lowest side of a triangle or other polygon, or the lowest face of a cone, pyramid or other polyhedron laid flat.

భూమి

త్రిభుజం వైశాల్యం = అర*భూమి*ఎత్తు


altitude

altitude (countable and uncountable, plural altitudes)

From Middle English, borrowed from Latin altitūdō (“height”), from altus (“high”).

The perpendicular height of a triangle is known as its altitude.

(geometry) The distance measured perpendicularly from a figure's vertex to the opposite side of the vertex.


basis

Borrowed from Dutch basis, from Latin basis, from Ancient Greek βάσις (básis). Doublet of basa.

(geometry) the lowest side of a in a triangle or other polygon, or the lowest face of a cone, pyramid or other polyhedron laid flat


basis

la-noun

basis f (genitive basis); third declension

basis (genitive)
basis (nominative singular)
basēs (nominative plural)
basis (genitive singular)
basium (genitive plural)
basī (dative singular)
basibus (dative plural)
basim (accusative singular)
basēs (accusative plural)
basīs (accusative plural)
basī (ablative singular)
basibus (ablative plural)
basis (singular vocative)
basēs (plural vocative)

→ Asturian: base

→ Catalan: base

→ Danish: basis

→ Dutch: basis, base

→ Indonesian: basis, basa

→ English: basis

desctree

→ Dutch: base, basis (obsolete in this sense)
→ Indonesian: basa

→ English: base

→ Finnish: basis

→ Galician: base

→ German: Basis

⇒ German: Base

→ Italian: base

→ Macedonian: база (baza)

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: basis

Norwegian Nynorsk: basis

→ Old French: base
French: base (see there for further descendants)
→ Middle English: base, bace, bas, baas, basse
English: base
Scots: base

→ Polish: baza

→ Portuguese: base

→ Russian: ба́за (báza), ба́зис (bázis)

→ Armenian: բազա (baza)

→ Azerbaijani: baza

→ Kazakh: база (baza)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: ба́за

Latin: báza

→ Slovene: bāza

→ Spanish: base

→ Swedish: bas

→ Turkish: baz

→ Ukrainian: ба́за (báza)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek βᾰ́σῐς (bắsĭs, “stepping, step; foot; base, pedestal”).

bor

Illud vero (ab Aristotele animadversum, a quo pleraque) quis potest non mirari: grues cum loca calidiora petentes maria transmittant, trianguli efficere formam; eius autem summo angulo aer ab is adversus pellitur, deinde sensim ab utroque latere, tamquam remis, ita pinnis cursus avium levatur; basis autem trianguli, quam efficiunt grues, ea tamquam a puppi ventis adiuvatur; eaeque in tergo praevolantium colla et capita reponunt; quod quia ipse dux facere non potest, quia non habet, ubi nitatur, revolat, ut ipse quoque quiescat; in eius locum succedit ex his, quae adquierunt, eaque vicissitudo in omni cursu conservatur.

45 BCE, Cicero, De Natura Deorum, volume 2, section 125:

Really, who can not be surprised by this (noticed by Aristotle, from whom comes most of this): that cranes, when they cross the seas looking for warmer places, make the shape of a triangle; for the air is pushed away from them by the top angle, then gradually on each side, as by oars, so the birds' course is elevated by the wings; as for the base of the triangle that cranes make, it is helped as though by winds from the stern; and they put their necks and heads in the back of those flying before them; because the leader itself cannot do this, because it doesn't have one, when it strains itself, it flies back, so that it can also rest; one of those which were resting behind it takes its place, and this changing of places is kept up for the whole journey.

(geometry) the base of a triangle, chord of an arc


flat

From Middle English flat, a borrowing from Old Norse flatr (compare Norwegian and Swedish flat, Danish flad), from Proto-Germanic *flataz, from Proto-Indo-European *pleth₂- (“flat”); akin to Saterland Frisian flot (“smooth”), German Flöz (“a geological layer”), Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús), Latvian plats, Sanskrit प्रथस् (prathas, “extension”). Doublet of plat and pleyt.
The noun is from Middle English flat (“level piece of ground, flat edge of a weapon”), from the adjective.
The algebraic sense was coined by Serre in a 1956 paper, originally as French plat.

inh

(geometry) A subset of n-dimensional space that is congruent to a Euclidean space of lower dimension.


apex

Borrowed from Latin apex (“point, tip, summit”).

The highest or the greatest part of something, especially forming a point.

(geometry) The highest point in a plane or solid figure, relative to a base line or plane.


apex

apexuri (plural)
apex (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
apexul (accusative definite nominative singular)
apexuri (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
apexurile (accusative definite nominative plural)
apex (indefinite singular)
apexului (definite singular)
apexuri (indefinite plural)
apexurilor (definite plural)
apexule (singular vocative)
apexurilor (plural vocative)


solid

From Middle English solid, from the adjective, Middle French solide, or Latin solidum. Doublet of solidum.

(geometry) A three-dimensional figure (as opposed to a surface, an area, or a curve).


solid

solid (indefinite nominative singular)
solids (genitive indefinite singular)
soliden (definite nominative singular)
solidens (definite genitive singular)
solider (indefinite nominative plural)
soliders (genitive indefinite plural)
soliderna (definite nominative plural)
solidernas (definite genitive plural)


space

en-noun

space (countable and uncountable, plural spaces)

From Middle English space, from Anglo-Norman space, variant of espace, espas et al., and spaze, variant of espace, from Latin spatium, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)peh₂- (“to stretch, to pull”).

مَسَافَة

gap between written characters, lines etc.

Fully Automated Luxury Queer Space Communism

(heading) A bounded or specific extent, physical or otherwise.

(geometry) A set of points, each of which is uniquely specified by a number (the dimensionality) of coordinates.


volume

en-noun

volume (countable and uncountable, plural volumes)

volumes (plural)
vol. (alternative abbreviation)

From Middle English volume, from Old French volume, from Latin volūmen (“book, roll”), from volvō (“roll, turn about”).

(obsolete) A roll or scroll, which was the form of ancient books.

сви́тък

The volume of ticket sales decreased this week.

ծավալ

synonym for quantity — see also quantity

(computing) An accessible storage area with a single file system, typically resident on a single partition of a hard disk.

том

computing: accessible storage area with a single file system

(climbing, bouldering) A modular foothold attached to a climbing wall used for gripping, often in triangular, pyramidal, or angular shapes.


volume

From Old Galician-Portuguese volume, borrowed from Latin volūmen.

(geometry) volume (unit of three-dimensional measure)


crown

→ Japanese: クラウン (kuraun)

→ Korean: 크라운 (keuraun)

→ Maori: karauna

From Middle English coroune, from Anglo-Norman corone, from Latin corōna (“crown, wreath”), from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē). Doublet of corona, korona, koruna, krona, króna, and krone. Displaced native Old English corenbēag (“crown”); and Middle English kinehelm, kynehelm, from Old English cynehelm (“crown”).
* (paper size): So called because originally watermarked with a crown.

doublet

(geometry) The area enclosed between two concentric perimeters.

rengas

geometry: area enclosed between two concentric perimeters


orbit

en-noun

orbit (countable and uncountable, plural orbits)

Inherited from Middle English orbite, orbita, from Latin orbita (“course, track, impression, mark”).

គន្លង

kɔɔkŭənlɔɔng

(geometry, group theory) The subset of elements of a set X to which a given element can be moved by members of a specified group of transformations that act on X.


right angle

(geometry) Half of the angle formed by a single straight line, equivalent to 90 degrees.


r

Pronunciation of IPA [rɑː, ɑrrɑː] with the sound [r]


wedge

en-noun

wedge (countable and uncountable, plural wedges)

From Middle English wegge (“wedge”), from Old English weċġ (“wedge”), from Proto-West Germanic *wagi, from Proto-Germanic *wagjaz.

(geometry) A five-sided polyhedron with a rectangular base, two rectangular or trapezoidal sides meeting in an edge, and two triangular ends.


cylinder

→ Japanese: シリンダー (shirindā)

→ Korean: 실린더 (sillindeo)

From Middle French chilindre, cylindre, from Latin cylindrus, from Ancient Greek κύλινδρος (kúlindros), from κυλίνδω (kulíndō) "I roll or wallow" (intransitive). Doublet of calander and calender.

When the two-dimensional curve is a circle, the cylinder is called a circular cylinder. When the axis is perpendicular to the plane of the curve, the cylinder is called a right cylinder. In non-mathematical usage, both right and circular are usually implied.

(geometry) A surface created by projecting a closed two-dimensional curve along an axis intersecting the plane of the curve.

(geometry) A solid figure bounded by a cylinder and two parallel planes intersecting the cylinder.


cylinder

head

cylinder c (singular definite cylinderen, plural indefinite cylindere or cylindre)

cylinderen (definite singular)
cylindere (indefinite plural)
cylindre (indefinite plural)
cylinder (indefinite nominative singular)
cylinderen (definite nominative singular)
cylindere (indefinite nominative plural)
cylindre (indefinite nominative plural)
cylinderne (definite nominative plural)
cylindrene (definite nominative plural)
cylinders (genitive indefinite singular)
cylinderens (definite genitive singular)
cylinderes (genitive indefinite plural)
cylindres (genitive indefinite plural)
cylindernes (definite genitive plural)
cylindrenes (definite genitive plural)

From Latin cylindrus, from Ancient Greek κύλινδρος (kúlindros).


cylinder

pl-noun

cylinder m inan (diminutive cylinderek, related adjective cylindrowy)

cylinderek (diminutive)
cylindrowy (adjective)
cylinder (nominative singular)
cylindry (nominative plural)
cylindra (genitive singular)
cylindrów (genitive plural)
cylindrowi (dative singular)
cylindrom (dative plural)
cylinder (accusative singular)
cylindry (accusative plural)
cylindrem (instrumental singular)
cylindrami (instrumental plural)
cylindrze (locative singular)
cylindrach (locative plural)
cylindrze (singular vocative)
cylindry (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Zylinder. Doublet of kalander.

(geometry) cylinder (any object in the form of a circular cylinder)


cylinder

cylinder (indefinite nominative singular)
cylinders (genitive indefinite singular)
cylindern (definite nominative singular)
cylinderns (definite genitive singular)
cylindrar (indefinite nominative plural)
cylindrars (genitive indefinite plural)
cylindrarna (definite nominative plural)
cylindrarnas (definite genitive plural)

From Latin cylindrus, not necessarily directly.


x-axis

independent variable
independent variable

(analytic geometry) The axis on a graph that is usually drawn left to right and usually shows the range of values of an independent variable.


hyperbole

→ Romanian: hiperbolă, iperbolă

→ Turkish: hiperbol

→ Vietnamese: hypebol

From Middle French hyperbole, yperbole, a learned borrowing from Latin hyperbolē, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek ὑπερβολή (huperbolḗ, “excess, exaggeration”).


hyperbola

en-noun

hyperbola (plural hyperbolas or hyperbolae or hyperbolæ)

hyperbolas (plural)
hyperbolae (plural)
hyperbolæ (plural)

From New Latin hyperbola, from Ancient Greek ὑπερβολή (huperbolḗ). Doublet of hyperbole.

(geometry) A conic section formed by the intersection of a cone with a plane that intersects the base of the cone and is not tangent to the cone. The function y(x) = 1/x draws a hyperbola.


hyperbola

hyperbola (nominative singular)
hyperboly (nominative plural)
hyperboly (genitive singular)
hyperbol (genitive plural)
hyperbole (dative singular)
hyperbolám (dative plural)
hyperbolu (accusative singular)
hyperboly (accusative plural)
hyperbolo (singular vocative)
hyperboly (plural vocative)
hyperbole (locative singular)
hyperbolách (locative plural)
hyperbolou (instrumental singular)
hyperbolami (instrumental plural)


hyperbola

cy-noun

hyperbola m (plural hyperbolâu, not mutable)

Internationalism (see English hyperbola), ultimately from Ancient Greek ὑπερβολή (huperbolḗ).


similarity

en-noun

similarity (countable and uncountable, plural similarities)

From French similarité.
Morphologically similar + -ity

(geometry) A transformation (of a Euclidean space) that preserves angles and the ratios of distances


aberrancy

aberrancy (countable and uncountable, plural aberrancies)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-aberrancy.wav

(geometry) The deviation of a curve from circular form.


generation

generation (countable and uncountable, plural generations)

/ˌd͡ʒɛnəˈɹeɪʃən/

Inherited from Middle English generacioun, from Anglo-Norman generacioun, Middle French generacion, and their source, Latin generātiō, from generāre (“to beget, generate”). By surface analysis, generate + -ion.

inh+

the generation of a line or curve

(geometry) The formation or production of any geometrical magnitude, as a line, a surface, a solid, by the motion, in accordance with a mathematical law, of a point or a magnitude, by the motion of a point, of a surface by a line, a sphere by a semicircle, etc.


勾

(historical geometry) shorter leg of a right triangle


句

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo): semantic 丩 (“to entangle”) + phonetic 口 (OC *kʰoːʔ), which may represent the tip of a big nail.
The 丩 component, originally two entangled ropes, now resembles the unrelated 勹.

Han compound

(historical geometry) alternative form of 勾 (“the shorter leg of a right triangle”)


弦

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡeːn): semantic 弓 (“bow”) + phonetic 玄 (OC *ɡʷeːn).


方

Second grade kyōiku kanji (romanization)

an instrument similar to the Chinese fangxiang


星

/posi/ → /ɸoɕi/ → /hoɕi/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *pəsi.

(geometry) a star (concave polygon with regular, pointy protrusions and indentations, especially used as a symbol to rate quality)


束

Characters in the same phonetic series (束) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Ideogram (指事) – bag tied at both ends (earlier forms were often vertically symmetric). See also 東 and 柬.

Han etyl

平面束

(geometry) pencil (family of geometric objects with a common property)


柱

柱 (canonical)
-chū (romanization)
-tyuu (romanization)
ちゆう (hiragana historical)


group

groups (plural)
groop (alternative nonstandard)
groupe (alternative obsolete)

→ Gulf Arabic: قروب (grūp)

→ Japanese: グループ (gurūpu)

→ Korean: 그룹 (geurup)

→ Tongan: kulupu

From French groupe (“cluster, group”), from Italian gruppo, groppo (“a knot, heap, group, bag (of money)”), from Vulgar Latin *cruppo, Renaissance Latin grupus, from Frankish *krupp, from Proto-Germanic *kruppaz (“lump, round mass, body, crop”), from Proto-Indo-European *grewb- (“to crumple, bend, crawl”).
In the “group theory” sense, calqued from French groupe, a term coined by the young French mathematician Évariste Galois in 1830.
Cognate with German Kropf (“crop, craw, bunch”); Old English cropp, croppa (“cluster, bunch, sprout, flower, berry, ear of corn, crop”) (whence English crop); Dutch krop (“craw”), Icelandic kroppr (“hump, bunch”). Doublet of crop and croup.

der

(geometry, archaic) An effective divisor on a curve.


Kugel

de-noun

Kugel f (genitive Kugel, plural Kugeln, diminutive Kügelchen n or (both rare) Kügelein n or Küglein n)

Kugel (genitive)
Kugeln (plural)
Kügelchen (diminutive neuter)
Kügelein (diminutive neuter rare)
Küglein (diminutive neuter rare)
Kugel (nominative singular)
Kugeln (definite nominative plural)
Kugel (genitive singular)
Kugeln (definite genitive plural)
Kugel (dative singular)
Kugeln (dative definite plural)
Kugel (accusative singular)
Kugeln (accusative definite plural)

→ Kashubian: kùgla

desc

→ Polish: kula (meanings other than "crutch")

→ Serbo-Croatian: kugla

From Middle High German kugel, kugele, of uncertain origin, but probably related to Keule (“club”).
 Possibly from Proto-Germanic *kuggilaz (“knobbed instrument”), a derivative of*kuggǭ (“cog, swelling”), from Proto-Indo-European *gewgʰ- (“swelling, bow”), an extension of *gew- (“to bow, bend, arch, curve””), whence also perhaps Albanian gogël (“acorn, small ball”).
Further discussion
Outside of loans from German (as in Danish kugle and Dutch kogel), it appears only in German, and only from the Middle High German period, as kugel, kugele, referring to a ball used in games (Spielkugel).
Nevertheless, the word seems to be of genuinely Germanic origin. A Swiss dialect form has an additional r, in krugle, found already in Middle High German in the diminutive form krúgellin (Konrad of Würzburg, d. 1287).
Middle German variants of the word in the original sense “ball used in skittles or Paille-maille” are kaule, kulle, while Low German had cognates of Klotz.
The sense “bullet” is directly via comparison with the ball in skittles, already in use for lead or iron spheres used as projectiles (fired with slingshots or similar) before firearms became widespread.
Also compared are Kegel (“pin or peg used in a game (such as skittles)”), as well as English cudgel and cog, though these connections are far from certain.


球

球 (canonical)
kyū (romanization)
kiu (romanization)
きう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 毬 /球 (gjuw, “ball, sphere, orb”).


essential

en-adj

essential (comparative more essential, superlative most essential)

more essential (comparative)
most essential (superlative)
essentiall (alternative)

From Late Latin essentiālis, from Latin essentia (“being, essence”).

complementary region
complementary region

(geometry) Such that each complementary region is irreducible, the boundary of each complementary region is incompressible by disks and monogons in the complementary region, and no leaf is a sphere or a torus bounding a solid torus in the manifold.


維

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɢʷi): semantic 糸 (“thread”) + abbreviated phonetic 唯 (OC *ɢʷi, *ɢʷiʔ).
The original pronunciation of 隹 (OC *ɢʷi) was lost after the classical period, but can still be seen in other characters of the phonetic series:
* 惟 (OC *ɢʷi, “to think”),
* 唯 (OC *ɢʷi, *ɢʷiʔ, “only”),
* 雖 (OC *sqʰʷi, “although”),
* 帷 (OC *ɢʷril, “curtain, screen”) and
* 淮 (OC *ɡʷriːl, “Huai River”).


線

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sqʰeːns): semantic 糹 + phonetic 泉 (OC *sɡʷen).


股

Originally written 夃 (OC *kaːʔ, “thigh”), according to 趙平安. Later the 夃 component came to be written 殳, and a 肉 component was added, making the modern form an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *klaːʔ): semantic 肉 (“body”) + phonetic 夃 (OC *kaːʔ, “thigh”).
Shuowen incorrectly considered it Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *klaːʔ): semantic 肉 (“body”) + phonetic 殳 (OC *djo, “action”) – the hips as an active part of the body.

Han compound

勾股定理

(historical, geometry) longer leg of a non-isosceles right triangle


cuerpo

cuerpos (plural)
cuelpo (alternative obsolete pronunciation-spelling)

Inherited from Old Spanish cuerpo, from Latin corpus, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱrep-. Doublet of the borrowing corpus.

(geometry) body (three-dimensional object)


cœur

Antillean Creole: kè

Haitian Creole: kè, kœ

→ Polish: kier

Inherited from Middle French coeur, from Old French cuer, from Vulgar Latin *corem m, from Latin cor n.


cœur

cœur (plural)
coeur (alternative)
cœr (alternative)
cör (alternative)
còr (alternative)

From Vulgar Latin *corem m, from Latin cor n.


test

testek (plural)
test (nominative singular)
testek (nominative plural)
testet (accusative singular)
testeket (accusative plural)
testnek (dative singular)
testeknek (dative plural)
testtel (instrumental singular)
testekkel (instrumental plural)
testért (causal-final singular)
testekért (causal-final plural)
testté (singular translative)
testekké (plural translative)
testig (singular terminative)
testekig (plural terminative)
testként (essive-formal singular)
testekként (essive-formal plural)
testben (inessive singular)
testekben (inessive plural)
testen (singular superessive)
testeken (plural superessive)
testnél (adessive singular)
testeknél (adessive plural)
testbe (illative singular)
testekbe (illative plural)
testre (singular sublative)
testekre (plural sublative)
testhez (allative singular)
testekhez (allative plural)
testből (elative singular)
testekből (elative plural)
testről (delative singular)
testekről (delative plural)
testtől (ablative singular)
testektől (ablative plural)
testé (singular)
testeké (plural)
testéi (singular)
testekéi (plural)
testem (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
testeim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
tested (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
testeid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
teste (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
testei (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
testünk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
testeink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
testetek (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
testeitek (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
testük (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
testeik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

unk

Of unknown origin.

(geometry) solid (three-dimensional figure)


lune

What he worried about was any eventual convexity, a shrinking, it might be, of the planet itself to some palpable curvature of whatever he would be standing on, so that he would be left sticking out like a projected radius, unsheltered and reeling across the empty lunes of his tiny sphere.

(geometry) A concave figure formed by the intersection of the arcs of two circles on a plane, or on a sphere the intersection between two great semicircles.


trigonometry

en-noun

trigonometry (countable and uncountable, plural trigonometries)

/ˌtɹɪɡəˈnɒmətɹi/

PIE word
 *tréyes
From 1610s, from New Latin trigōnometria, from Ancient Greek τρίγωνον (trígōnon, “triangle”) + μέτρον (métron, “measure”), equivalent to trigono- + -metry.

EtymOnLine

Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “trigonometry”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

Trigonometry emerged in the Hellenistic world during the 3rd century BCE from applications of geometry to astronomy; the Greeks focused on the calculation of chords, while mathematicians in India created the earliest known tables of values for trigonometric functions such as sine.

Historically, trigonometry has been applied in areas such as geodesy, surveying, celestial mechanics and navigation.

Trigonometry was originally the science which treated only of the sides and angles of plane and spherical triangles; but it has been recently extended so as to include the analytic treatment of all theorems involving the consideration of angular magnitudes.

1892, Edward Albert Bowser, A Treatise on Plane and Spherical Trigonometry, D. C. Heath & Co., page 1:

In fact, the earliest practical uses of trigonometry were in the fields of astronomy and hence navigation.

2013, Paul Abbott, Hugh Neill, Trigonometry: A Complete Introduction, Hachette, unnumbered page:

The properties of these new trigonometries and identities flowing from the definitions are then developed.
The trigonometries derived from these generalizations will be jointly termed "The Fractional Trigonometry."

2016, Carl F. Lorenzo, Tom T. Hartley, The Fractional Trigonometry, Wiley, page 8:

mathematical analysis
mathematical analysis

right-angled triangle
right-angled triangle

trigonometric function
trigonometric function

(geometry, mathematical analysis) The branch of mathematics that deals with the relationships between the sides and angles of (in particular) right-angled triangles, as represented by the trigonometric functions, and with calculations based on said relationships.


cubic

From Middle French cubique, equivalent to cube + -ic.

cubic foot

On one recent day, officials said the fine dust concentration levels in Seoul rose above 130 micrograms per cubic meter.

2019, VOA Learning English (public domain)

(geometry) Used in the names of units of volume formed by multiplying a unit of length by itself twice.


line

→ Scottish Gaelic: loidhne

From Middle English line, lyne, from Old English līne (“line, cable, rope, hawser, series, row, rule, direction”), from Proto-West Germanic *līnā, from Proto-Germanic *līnǭ (“line, rope, flaxen cord, thread”), from Proto-Germanic *līną (“flax, linen”), from Proto-Indo-European *līno- (“flax”).
Influenced in Middle English by Middle French ligne (“line”), from Latin linea. More at linen.
The oldest sense of the word is “rope, cord, thread”; from this the senses “path”, “continuous mark” were derived.

lyn

path through two or more points, threadlike mark

lyn

single horizontal row of text on a screen, printed paper, etc.

linja

measure of length, the main division of an inch or its local equivalent

A path through two or more points (compare ‘segment’); a continuous mark, including as made by a pen; any path, curved or straight.

(geometry) An infinitely extending one-dimensional figure that has no curvature; one that has length but not breadth or thickness.

lyn

geometry: infinite one-dimensional figure

(geometry, informal) A line segment; a continuous finite segment of such a figure.

отсе́чка

geometry: continuous finite segment of such a figure


sphere

spheres (plural)
sphære (alternative archaic)
sphear (alternative archaic)
spheare (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English spere, from Old French sphere, from Late Latin sphēra, earlier Latin sphaera (“ball, globe, celestial sphere”), from Ancient Greek σφαῖρα (sphaîra, “ball, globe”), of unknown origin. Not related to superficially similar Persian سپهر (sepehr, “sky”) .

uder

(geometry) The set of all points in three-dimensional Euclidean space (or n-dimensional space, in topology) that are a fixed distance from a fixed point .

sferë

mathematics: regular three-dimensional object


polyhedron

en-noun

polyhedron (plural polyhedra or polyhedrons)

polyhedra (plural)
polyhedrons (plural)
polyedron (alternative)

From New Latin polyedron, from Ancient Greek πολύεδρος (polúedros, “having many seats”), from πολυ- (polu-, “many”) + ἕδρα (hédra, “seat”); compare French polyèdre. By surface analysis, poly- + -hedron.

der

quasiregular polyhedronArchimedean solidCatalan solid

regular polyhedronKepler-Poinsot polyhedronPlatonic solidcube

semiregular polyhedronantiprismArchimedean solidCatalan soliddipyramidprismtrapezohedron

List of uniform polyhedra on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Of the convex polyhedra with regular faces, the only ones that have tetrahedral, octahedral, or icosahedral symmetry are the Platonic and Archimedean solids.

1966, Norman W. Johnson, “Convex Polyhedra with Regular Faces”, in Canadian Journal of Mathematics, volume XVIII, number I, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, page 181:

(geometry) A solid figure with many flat faces and straight edges.


辺

/pen/ → /fen/ → /hen/
From Middle Chinese 邊 (MC pen, “edge; margin, border; nearby, vicinity”).

ltc-l

(geometry) the joining line between two vertices of a polygon; edge, [side]


邊

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (邊):
* → Japanese: 辺(へん) (hen)
* → Korean: 변(邊) (byeon)
* → Vietnamese: biên (邊)

desc

→ Vietnamese: bên (“side; edge; face; beside”)

→ Vietnamese: ven (“shore; bank; side”)

Originally 臱. Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *mpeːn): semantic 辶 (“walking; movement”) + phonetic 臱 (OC *men). The semantic component 辵 (now 辶) was added during bronze inscriptions.
Perhaps cognate with 偏 (OC *pʰen, *pʰens, “side; oblique”), 片 (OC *pʰeːns, “partial; one-sided”), 諞 (OC *ben, *brenʔ, *benʔ, “glib-tongued; insincere”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Based on Old Vietnamese data, Gong (2019) proposes the additional preinitial *tə- to the Baxter-Sagart reconstruction.
; “to have hot pot”

och-l

長方體有幾條邊？

长方体有几条边？


area

area (indefinite nominative singular)
areas (genitive indefinite singular)
arean (definite nominative singular)
areans (definite genitive singular)
areor (indefinite nominative plural)
areors (genitive indefinite plural)
areorna (definite nominative plural)
areornas (definite genitive plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin ārea (literally “vacant piece of level ground”).

lbor

(geometry) area; a measure of squared distance


面

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (面):
* → Japanese: 面(めん) (men)
* → Korean: 면(面) (myeon)
* → Vietnamese: diện (面)

→ Proto-Mien: *ʰmi̯enᴬ (“face”)

→ Vietnamese: miền (沔)

→ Zhuang: mienh

/ᵐben³²⁻³²⁵/

/ᵐben³²⁻³²⁵/

Characters in the same phonetic series (面) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形), A man’s face, with an eye exaggerated, derived from 𦣻. The horizontal stroke was added later. Unrelated to 自.
Etymology 2: Simplified from 麵 (elimination of 麥) as adopted by the Chinese Character Simplification Scheme (《漢字簡化方案》) in 1956.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-mjal (“face”); cognate with Mizo hmêl (“face”), Jingpho man (“face”). 偭 (OC *menʔ, “to turn; to violate”) is probably cognate (Wang, 1982), perhaps its endoactive (Schuessler, 2007).

Han etyl

長方體有六個面。

长方体有六个面。


ga

head

ga m (genitive singular ga or gaoi, nominative plural gathanna or gaoi or gaoithe)

ga (genitive singular)
gaoi (genitive singular)
gathanna (nominative plural)
gaoi (nominative plural)
gaoithe (nominative plural)
ga (indefinite nominative singular)
gathanna (indefinite nominative plural)
a gha (indefinite singular vocative)
a ghathanna (indefinite plural vocative)
ga (genitive indefinite singular)
gathanna (genitive indefinite plural)
ga (dative indefinite singular)
gathanna (dative indefinite plural)
an ga (definite nominative singular)
na gathanna (definite nominative plural)
an gha (definite genitive singular)
na ngathanna (definite genitive plural)
leis an nga (dative definite singular)
don gha (dative definite singular)
leis na gathanna (dative definite plural)
ga
gha
nga
gae (alternative)
gath (alternative)

Apparently a conflation of Old Irish gath, goth (“spear”) with the synonymous gae (“spear”), from Proto-Celtic *gaisos (“spear”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰays- (“spear”). Cognate with Welsh gwayw and Latin gaesum (a Gaulish loanword) as well as Old English gār.

(geometry) radius (line segment between any point on the circumference of a circle and its center; length of this segment)


高

→ English: Gao, Kao, Ko

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (高):
* → Japanese: 高(こう) (kō)
* → Korean: 고(高) (go)
* → Vietnamese: cao (高)

Characters in the same phonetic series (高) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形) – a tall building. Compare 京, which however is not a Kangxi radical.
Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-gaw (“head”). Compare with Burmese ခေါင်း (hkaung:, “head”). However, 元 (OC *ŋon, “head”) instead is more likely to be related to this Proto-Sino-Tibetan root given its significant semantic agreement (Schuessler, 2007).
Likely allofams are 喬 (OC *ɡrew, “tall”), and perhaps 浩 (OC *ɡuːʔ, “vast”) (although the vowels do not agree).

Han etyl

求梯形的高


decagram

decagrams (plural)
decagramme (UK) (alternative)
deca-gramme (alternative)
deca-gram (alternative)
dekagram (alternative)
deka-gram (alternative)
dekagramme (alternative)
deka-gramme (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-decagram.wav

(geometry) A regular ten-pointed star shape.


generator

/ˈdʒɛnəɹeɪtə(ɹ)/

From Latin, from past participle of genero (“beget, father”), equivalent to generate + -or.

One who, or that which, generates, begets, causes, or produces.

(geometry) One of the lines of a ruled surface; more generally, an element of some family of linear spaces.


generatrix

en-noun

generatrix (plural generatrices or generatrixes)

generatrices (plural)
generatrixes (plural)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-generatrix.wav

Learned borrowing from Latin generātrīx. By surface analysis, generator + -trix.

(geometry) A curve that, when rotated about an axis, produces a solid figure.

generatriu

a curve that, when rotated about an axis, produces a solid figure


generatrix

la-noun

generātrīx f (genitive generātrīcis, masculine generātor); third declension

generātrīx (canonical feminine)
generātrīcis (genitive)
generātor (masculine)
generātrīx (nominative singular)
generātrīcēs (nominative plural)
generātrīcis (genitive singular)
generātrīcum (genitive plural)
generātrīcī (dative singular)
generātrīcibus (dative plural)
generātrīcem (accusative singular)
generātrīcēs (accusative plural)
generātrīce (ablative singular)
generātrīcibus (ablative plural)
generātrīx (singular vocative)
generātrīcēs (plural vocative)

From generō, generātum (“bring to life, beget, generate, produce”, verb) + -trīx f (“-ess”, agentive suffix).

suffix

(geometry) generatrix (feminine since it is a type of līnea f (“line”))


generic

en-adj

generic (comparative more generic, superlative most generic)

more generic (comparative)
most generic (superlative)
generick (alternative obsolete)

gendered

antonym(s) of “neither masculine nor feminine”

/d͡ʒɪˈnɛɹɪk/

From Middle French générique, from Latin genus (“genus, kind”) + -ic; thus morphologically parallel with, and a doublet of, general.

(geometry, of a point) Having coordinates that are algebraically independent over the base field.


degree

→ Burmese: ဒီဂရီ (diga.ri)

→ Juba Arabic: digrii

→ Swahili: digrii

→ Tagalog: digri

From Middle English degre, borrowed from Old French degré (French: degré), itself from Latin gradus, with the prefix de-.

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class I § 26. Degree

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class I § 31. Greatness

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class I § 32. Smallness

A right angle is a ninety-degree angle.

Most humans have a field of vision of almost 180 degrees.

(geometry) A unit of measurement of angle equal to ¹⁄₃₆₀ of a circle's circumference.


plane

→ Irish: plána

From Latin plānum (“flat surface”), a noun use of the neuter of plānus (“plain”). The word was introduced in the 17th century to distinguish the geometrical senses from the other senses of plain. Doublet of llano, piano, and plain.

հարթություն

geometry: flat surface extending infinitely in all directions

Mirrors in the compartments have been canted out of the vertical plane to reduce reflections to the passengers when seated.

1979 August, Graham Burtenshaw, Michael S. Welch, “O.V.S. Bulleid's SR loco-hauled coaches - 1”, in Railway World, page 396:

(geometry) A flat surface extending infinitely in all directions (e.g. horizontal or vertical plane); a bounded portion thereof.

(anatomy) An imaginary plane which divides the body into two portions.


toro

eo-head

toro (accusative singular toron, plural toroj, accusative plural torojn)

toron (accusative singular)
toroj (plural)
torojn (accusative plural)


toro

13th century. Inherited from Latin torus, cognate with Spanish tuero. In the second meaning it is rather a learned borrowing from Latin from the same etymon.


toro

Borrowed from English torus, French tore, German Torus, Italian toro, Russian торус (torus), ultimately from Latin torus.


toro

Learned borrowing from Classical Latin torus.


toro

Borrowed from Latin torus (“swelling, bulge, cushion”). Doublet of the inherited tuero.


net

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *neHd-
Proto-Indo-European *-yós
Proto-Germanic *natją
Proto-West Germanic *nati
Old English nett
Middle English net
English net
From Middle English net, from Old English net, nett, from Proto-West Germanic *nati, from Proto-Germanic *natją, from Proto-Indo-European *ned- (“to turn, twist, knot”).
Cognate with West Frisian net, Low German Nett, Dutch net, German Netz, Danish net, Swedish nät.

der

(geometry) Any set of polygons joined edge to edge that, when folded along the edges between adjoining polygons so that the outer edges touch, form a given polyhedron.


homogeneous

From Medieval Latin homogeneus, from Ancient Greek ὁμογενής (homogenḗs, “of the same race, family or kind”), from ὁμός (homós, “same”) + γένος (génos, “kind”). Compare homo- (“same”) and -ous (adjectival suffix).

abstract algebra
abstract algebra#English

(mathematics) In any of several technical senses uniform; scalable; having its behavior or form determined by, or the same as, its behavior on or form at a smaller component (of its domain of definition, of itself, etc.).

(geometry, of a space equipped with a group action) Informally: Everywhere the same, uniform, in the sense that any point can be moved to any other (via the group action) while respecting the structure of the space. Formally: Such that the group action is transitively and acts by automorphisms on the space (some authors also require that the action be faithful).

homogeneous coordinate
homogeneous coordinate

(geometry) Of or relating to homogeneous coordinates.


center

centers (plural)
centre (alternative Australia Canada Commonwealth Ireland New-Zealand South-Africa UK including usually)

From Middle English center, centre, from Middle French centre, from Latin centrum, from Ancient Greek κέντρον (kéntron), from κεντεῖν (kenteîn, “to prick, goad”). Doublet of centrum.
* (group theory): In the notation Z(G), the letter Z derives from the German Zentrum (“center”).

sentrum

point equidistant from all points on the perimeter of a circle

مَرْكَز

point in the interior of figure with mean coordinates

(geometry) The point on a line that is midway between the ends.

(geometry) The point in the interior of any figure of any number of dimensions that has as its coordinates the arithmetic mean of the coordinates of all points on the perimeter of the figure (or of all points in the interior for a center of volume).


intersection

/ˈɪntəɹˌsɛkʃən/

/ˌɪntəɹˈsɛkʃən/

From Middle French intersection and its etymon Latin intersectiō. By surface analysis, intersect + -ion.

(geometry) The point or set of points common to two geometrical objects (such as the point where two lines meet or the line where two planes intersect).


rectangle

/ˈrɛktæŋɡl̩/

Borrowed from Middle French, from Old French, from Medieval Latin or Late Latin rectangulum (“right angle”), from Latin rectus (“right”) + angulus (“an angle”).

(geometry) Any quadrilateral having opposing sides parallel and four right angles.


rectangle

Borrowed from Medieval Latin or Late Latin rectangulum.

un triangle rectangle

un parallélépipède rectangle

(geometry) right-angled (of a geometric figure)


tangent

Borrowed from Latin tangentem, the accusative of tangēns (“touching”) (in the phrase līnea tangēns (“a touching line”)), the present participle of the verb tangō (“touch”, verb), from Proto-Italic *tangō, from Proto-Indo-European *teh₂g- (“to touch”).
Cognate with Old English þaccian (“to touch lightly, pat, stroke”). More at thack, thwack.

cog

(geometry) Touching a curve at a single point but not crossing it at that point.


tangent

head

tangent c (singular definite tangenten, plural indefinite tangenter)

tangenten (definite singular)
tangenter (indefinite plural)
tangent (indefinite nominative singular)
tangenten (definite nominative singular)
tangenter (indefinite nominative plural)
tangenterne (definite nominative plural)
tangents (genitive indefinite singular)
tangentens (definite genitive singular)
tangenters (genitive indefinite plural)
tangenternes (definite genitive plural)

Ultimately from Latin tangēns; cf. German Tangente.

Differentialregning kan fortolkes som forsøget på at bestemme en tangents hældning.

Differential calculus may be interpreted as the attempt to determine the slope of a tangent.


tangent

tangent m (definite singular tangenten, indefinite plural tangenter, definite plural tangentene)

tangenten (definite singular)
tangenter (indefinite plural)
tangentene (definite plural)

From German Tangente, Tangens, ultimately from Latin tangēns.


tangent

tangent m (definite singular tangenten, indefinite plural tangentar, definite plural tangentane)

tangenten (definite singular)
tangentar (indefinite plural)
tangentane (definite plural)


dodecahedron

en-noun

dodecahedron (plural dodecahedra or dodecahedrons)

dodecahedra (plural)
dodecahedrons (plural)

From Ancient Greek δωδεκάεδρον (dōdekáedron). Equivalent to dodeca- + -hedron.

1707, Thomas Blount, Glossographia Anglicana Nova: Or, A Dictionary, Interpreting Such Hard Words, D. Brown, heading DO–DO,
Dodecahedron, (Gr.) in Geometry, is a solid Figure of 12 Sides or Faces that are regular Pentagons, it is one of the Platonick or Regular Bodies.

(geometry) A polyhedron with twelve faces; the regular dodecahedron has regular pentagons as faces and is one of the Platonic solids.


torus

Borrowed from Latin torus (“a round, swelling, elevation, protuberance”).

bor

A 4-variable Karnaugh map can be thought of, topologically, as being a torus.

(geometry) The standard representation of such a space in 3-dimensional Euclidean space: a surface or solid formed by rotating a closed curve, especially a circle, about a line which lies in the same plane but does not intersect it (e.g. like a ring doughnut).

(topology) A topological space which is a product of two circles.

(topology, in combination, n-torus, 4-torus, etc.) The product of the specified number of circles.

A ring-shaped object, especially a large ring-shaped chamber used in physical research.


torus

nl-noun

torus m (plural torussen, diminutive torusje n)

torussen (plural)
torusje (diminutive neuter)


torus

torus (nominative singular)
torukset (nominative plural)
torus (accusative nominative singular)
torukset (accusative nominative plural)
toruksen (accusative genitive singular)
torukset (accusative genitive plural)
toruksen (genitive singular)
torusten (genitive plural)
toruksien (genitive plural)
torusta (partitive singular)
toruksia (partitive plural)
toruksessa (inessive singular)
toruksissa (inessive plural)
toruksesta (elative singular)
toruksista (elative plural)
torukseen (illative singular)
toruksiin (illative plural)
toruksella (adessive singular)
toruksilla (adessive plural)
torukselta (ablative singular)
toruksilta (ablative plural)
torukselle (allative singular)
toruksille (allative plural)
toruksena (essive singular)
toruksina (essive plural)
torukseksi (singular translative)
toruksiksi (plural translative)
toruksetta (abessive singular)
toruksitta (abessive plural)
toruksin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
torukseni (nominative singular)
torukseni (nominative plural)
torukseni (accusative nominative singular)
torukseni (accusative nominative plural)
torukseni (accusative genitive singular)
torukseni (accusative genitive plural)
torukseni (genitive singular)
torusteni (genitive plural)
toruksieni (genitive plural)
torustani (partitive singular)
toruksiani (partitive plural)
toruksessani (inessive singular)
toruksissani (inessive plural)
toruksestani (elative singular)
toruksistani (elative plural)
torukseeni (illative singular)
toruksiini (illative plural)
toruksellani (adessive singular)
toruksillani (adessive plural)
torukseltani (ablative singular)
toruksiltani (ablative plural)
torukselleni (allative singular)
toruksilleni (allative plural)
toruksenani (essive singular)
toruksinani (essive plural)
toruksekseni (singular translative)
toruksikseni (plural translative)
toruksettani (abessive singular)
toruksittani (abessive plural)
toruksineni (comitative plural)
toruksesi (nominative singular)
toruksesi (nominative plural)
toruksesi (accusative nominative singular)
toruksesi (accusative nominative plural)
toruksesi (accusative genitive singular)
toruksesi (accusative genitive plural)
toruksesi (genitive singular)
torustesi (genitive plural)
toruksiesi (genitive plural)
torustasi (partitive singular)
toruksiasi (partitive plural)
toruksessasi (inessive singular)
toruksissasi (inessive plural)
toruksestasi (elative singular)
toruksistasi (elative plural)
torukseesi (illative singular)
toruksiisi (illative plural)
toruksellasi (adessive singular)
toruksillasi (adessive plural)
torukseltasi (ablative singular)
toruksiltasi (ablative plural)
toruksellesi (allative singular)
toruksillesi (allative plural)
toruksenasi (essive singular)
toruksinasi (essive plural)
torukseksesi (singular translative)
toruksiksesi (plural translative)
toruksettasi (abessive singular)
toruksittasi (abessive plural)
toruksinesi (comitative plural)
toruksemme (nominative singular)
toruksemme (nominative plural)
toruksemme (accusative nominative singular)
toruksemme (accusative nominative plural)
toruksemme (accusative genitive singular)
toruksemme (accusative genitive plural)
toruksemme (genitive singular)
torustemme (genitive plural)
toruksiemme (genitive plural)
torustamme (partitive singular)
toruksiamme (partitive plural)
toruksessamme (inessive singular)
toruksissamme (inessive plural)
toruksestamme (elative singular)
toruksistamme (elative plural)
torukseemme (illative singular)
toruksiimme (illative plural)
toruksellamme (adessive singular)
toruksillamme (adessive plural)
torukseltamme (ablative singular)
toruksiltamme (ablative plural)
toruksellemme (allative singular)
toruksillemme (allative plural)
toruksenamme (essive singular)
toruksinamme (essive plural)
torukseksemme (singular translative)
toruksiksemme (plural translative)
toruksettamme (abessive singular)
toruksittamme (abessive plural)
toruksinemme (comitative plural)
toruksenne (nominative singular)
toruksenne (nominative plural)
toruksenne (accusative nominative singular)
toruksenne (accusative nominative plural)
toruksenne (accusative genitive singular)
toruksenne (accusative genitive plural)
toruksenne (genitive singular)
torustenne (genitive plural)
toruksienne (genitive plural)
torustanne (partitive singular)
toruksianne (partitive plural)
toruksessanne (inessive singular)
toruksissanne (inessive plural)
toruksestanne (elative singular)
toruksistanne (elative plural)
torukseenne (illative singular)
toruksiinne (illative plural)
toruksellanne (adessive singular)
toruksillanne (adessive plural)
torukseltanne (ablative singular)
toruksiltanne (ablative plural)
toruksellenne (allative singular)
toruksillenne (allative plural)
toruksenanne (essive singular)
toruksinanne (essive plural)
torukseksenne (singular translative)
toruksiksenne (plural translative)
toruksettanne (abessive singular)
toruksittanne (abessive plural)
toruksinenne (comitative plural)
toruksensa (nominative singular)
toruksensa (nominative plural)
toruksensa (accusative nominative singular)
toruksensa (accusative nominative plural)
toruksensa (accusative genitive singular)
toruksensa (accusative genitive plural)
toruksensa (genitive singular)
torustensa (genitive plural)
toruksiensa (genitive plural)
torustaan (partitive singular)
torustansa (partitive singular)
toruksiaan (partitive plural)
toruksiansa (partitive plural)
toruksessaan (inessive singular)
toruksessansa (inessive singular)
toruksissaan (inessive plural)
toruksissansa (inessive plural)
toruksestaan (elative singular)
toruksestansa (elative singular)
toruksistaan (elative plural)
toruksistansa (elative plural)
torukseensa (illative singular)
toruksiinsa (illative plural)
toruksellaan (adessive singular)
toruksellansa (adessive singular)
toruksillaan (adessive plural)
toruksillansa (adessive plural)
torukseltaan (ablative singular)
torukseltansa (ablative singular)
toruksiltaan (ablative plural)
toruksiltansa (ablative plural)
torukselleen (allative singular)
toruksellensa (allative singular)
toruksilleen (allative plural)
toruksillensa (allative plural)
toruksenaan (essive singular)
toruksenansa (essive singular)
toruksinaan (essive plural)
toruksinansa (essive plural)
toruksekseen (singular translative)
torukseksensa (singular translative)
toruksikseen (plural translative)
toruksiksensa (plural translative)
toruksettaan (abessive singular)
toruksettansa (abessive singular)
toruksittaan (abessive plural)
toruksittansa (abessive plural)
toruksineen (comitative plural)
toruksinensa (comitative plural)


torus

torus (indefinite nominative singular)
torus (genitive indefinite singular)
torusen (definite nominative singular)
torusens (definite genitive singular)
torusar (indefinite nominative plural)
torusars (genitive indefinite plural)
torusarna (definite nominative plural)
torusarnas (definite genitive plural)

(geometry, topology) torus; a shape consisting of a ring, or an object of the same topology residing in a space of higher dimension; especially considered as a Cartesian product of two circles in a four-dimensional space