佢

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 亻 + phonetic 巨 (OC *ɡaʔ).
From the initial *k-series of Old Chinese third-person pronouns, cognate with 其 (OC *ɡɯ). Also compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *ge(e)ʔ, whence Khmer គេ (kei, “they; he; she”) (Schuessler, 2007).
In standard Cantonese, the tone has assimilated with the other personal pronouns: 我 (ngo⁵), 你 (nei⁵) (Chan, 1998).
Before the use of 佢, 渠 was also used in some novels and newspapers, such as 老婆奴續編／老婆奴续编 (1926). The character 渠 is still preferred in lects such as Wu and sometimes Gan.

Han compound

while 渠 is more common in other varieties

Chinese varieties in general do not distinguish gender

distinctions are only sometimes made in writing.佢 is commonly used in Yue

佢有三個大佬。

佢有三个大佬。

唔好搞佢啦。

佢個鼻好大。

佢个鼻好大。

(Cantonese, Hakka, Gan, Northern Min, Central Min, Southern Wu, vernacular) he; she; they; it (third person singular pronoun)


倈

Possibly from 兒 (OC *ŋje, “son”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Alternatively, Sagart (2002) treats it as a semantic broadening of 孻／𡥧 (“youngest son”) in a language ancestral to Hakka and Gan.


個

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (個):
* → Japanese: 個(こ) (ko)
* → Korean: 개(個) (gae)
* → Vietnamese: cá (個)

Wutunhua: -ge

→? Baba Malay: punya (semantic loan)

desc

→? Vietnamese: cái (possibly some contamination)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaːls): semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 固 (OC *kaːs).
The semantics may have developed along the grammaticalisation process "bamboo stalk" (箇) > "piece, item" > "classifier for every category of noun" > "possessive particle, generic particle". If so, it would then possibly be cognate with 竿 (OC *kaːn, “bamboo, rod”). Compare Tibetan མཁར་བ (mkhar ba), འཁར་བ ('khar ba, “walking stick, staff”) and Thai ก้าน (gâan, “stem, stalk”).
; Southern Min classifier and possessive particle
; Wu classifier and possessive particle

Han compound

个
箇
个
兮
的
ㄟ
ケ
亓
亇

may use corresponding classifier in certain contexts

個個人

个个人

This duck hasn't been cooked long enough for it to become tender.

個隻鴨子勿大酥

个只鸭子勿大酥

(literary or Wu, Xiang, Gan, dialectal Cantonese, dialectal Min) (= 搿 (Northern Wu)) this; that


冇

From the removal of the two inner strokes from 有 (“to have”).
Attested at least since 1672, in 《星餘筆記》 by 王鉞:
From 無 (MC mju, “to not have”). In some varieties, such as Cantonese and Xiang, there seems to be fusion or analogy with 有 (MC hjuwX, “to have”) (Chan, 1998; Schuessler, 2007).

When filing pleas, peasants in the Ning county (西寧縣, modern 鬱南縣) often use the local popular writing, it is peculiar when first seen, but when accustomed, each has its meaning, for example: … 冇, sounds like 茂, means "to not have".

Níng sú pǔbǐ suǒ chén diésù duō yòng tǔsú shū, chūjiàn hài'è, xíxián yì gè yǒu yìyì, lìng lüèjì shùzì:...... 冇, yīn mào, wèi wúyǒu yě.

寧俗樸鄙所陳牒訴多用土俗書，初見駭愕，習閒亦各有義意，令略記數字：……冇，音茂，謂無有也。

宁俗朴鄙所陈牒诉多用土俗书，初见骇愕，习闲亦各有义意，令略记数字：……冇，音茂，谓无有也。

(Can we date this quote?), “紅茶館”, performed by 陳慧嫻:

You don't have a girlfriend? Of course I don't believe you! ... Maybe you do have one, but you just don't know it.

nei⁵ mou⁵ neoi⁵ pang⁴ jau⁵? gang² hai⁶ m⁴ seon³ laa¹!...... waak⁶ ze² jau⁵. nei⁵ m⁴ zi¹ ze¹.

你冇女朋友？梗係唔信啦！……或者有。你唔知啫。

你冇女朋友？梗系唔信啦！……或者有。你唔知啫。

冇理由㗎。

(dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, dialectal Gan, Hakka, dialectal Wu, Xiang) to not have; to not exist


凼

(dialectal Mandarin, Hakka, Gan, Xiang) puddle; pool; pit


卡

/t͡ɕʰi̯ä²¹⁴/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ä²¹⁴/

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 上 (“up”) + 下 (“down”) with fusion of the horizontal lines, representing being squeezed between above and below.
Maybe cognate with 夾 (OC *kreːb, “to clip”).


崽

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ʔslɯːʔ, *srɯː, *srɯː): semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 思 (OC *snɯ, *snɯs).
Cognate with 子 (OC *ʔslɯʔ) and 仔 (OC *ʔslɯʔ).

Han compound

(Guangxi Mandarin, Gan, Pinghua, Xiang) son; child


幾

→ Thai: กี่ (gìi, “how many; how much”)

→ Northern Thai: ᨠᩦ᩵

→ Khün: ᨠᩦ᩵

desc

→ Lü: ᦂᦲᧈ (k̇ii¹)

→ Lü: ᦂᦲᧈ (k̇ii¹)

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 𢆶 (“silk threads; little things”) + 戍 (“to guard against”) – watching over the fine details.
Note that the simplified form 几 (OC *krilʔ, “small table”) is also a traditional character on its own.

Han compound

佢今年幾大呀？

佢今年几大呀？

有幾難啫？

有几难啫？

(dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Pinghua) how; how much

(dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Pinghua, Xiang) how; so; such


把

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *praːʔ): semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 巴 (OC *praː).

Han compound

to give money (to children) during the Chinese New Year

把壓歲錢

把压岁钱

把本書你

把本书你

把我一本書

把我一本书

Yú jiā xiǎosī yòu qiāoqiāo de cóng hòumén jiào le yī ge mài cǎo de, bǎ tā sì ge qián.

虞家小廝又悄悄的從後門叫了一個賣草的，把他四個錢。

虞家小厮又悄悄的从后门叫了一个卖草的，把他四个钱。

(archaic or dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Xiang) to give


摒

偋
㔷
偋
柄
*併
庰
屏


攬

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡ·raːmʔ): semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 覽 (OC *ɡ·raːmʔ) – to grasp with the hand.
Note similarities with 欄 (OC *ɡ·raːn, “railing, balustrade”); see there for more.

Han compound

(Cantonese, Gan, Min) to hug; to embrace in the arms


旺

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɢʷaŋs): semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 㞷 (huáng). Compare 往.
Now phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɢʷaŋs): semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 王 (OC *ɢʷaŋ, *ɢʷaŋs).

Han compound

(Hakka, Gan) bustling; filled with activity


清

Cao Wei
Chen dynasty
Eastern Han dynasty
Eastern Wei
Eastern Wu
Eastern Zhou dynasty
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
Han dynasty
Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
Jin dynasty (265–420)
Liang dynasty
Liao dynasty
Liu Song dynasty
Mainland Southeast Asia linguistic area
Ming dynasty
Northern Qi
Northern Wei
Northern Zhou
Northern and Southern dynasties
Qin dynasty
Qing dynasty
Shang dynasty
Shu Han
Song dynasty
Southern Qi
Southern and Northern dynasties
Spring and Autumn period
Sui dynasty
Tang dynasty
Three Kingdoms
Warring States period
Western Han dynasty
Western Liao
Western Wei
Western Xia
Western Zhou dynasty
Xia dynasty
Xin dynasty
Yuan dynasty
Zhou dynasty

→ English: Ching, Cing, Qing

/t͡sʰi̯aŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰi̯aŋ²⁴/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰleŋ): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(t)s(j)aŋ (“clear; pure; clean”); cognate with Tibetan གཙང (gtsang, “clean; pure”), Mizo thiang (“to be clear; to be clean; to be pure”), Southern Qiang ɕó, Drung cangma (“clean”), Burmese စင် (cang, “clean, pure”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).
Within Chinese, cognate with 淨 (OC *zeŋs, “clean”), 醒 (OC *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs, “to wake up; to become sober”), and allofamic with 星 (OC *sleːŋ, “star”), 晴 (OC *zleŋ, “(of weather) clear; fine”); possibly also related to 靜 (OC *zleŋʔ, “quiet”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Perhaps an areal word; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *caŋ (“to glitter”) (Schuessler, 2007).

och-l

(dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Cantonese, Gan, Xiang, Eastern Min, of liquids) dilute, thin


湓

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *pʰɯːns, *bɯːn, *pʰɯns): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 盆 (OC *bɯːn).

Han compound

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, Southwestern Mandarin, dialectal Gan, Hakka, dialectal Jin, Xiang, of water, etc.) to overflow


滾

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kluːnʔ): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 袞 (OC *kluːnʔ)

Han compound

(Cantonese, Gan, Hakka) boiling hot; scalding hot


焦

Possibly the same as etymology 1. However, Bodman (1980) relates it to Proto-Vietic *trawᴮ (“dry”).

GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)


燒

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *hŋjew, *hŋjaws): semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw).
From 蕘 (OC *ŋjew, “firewood; fuel”) with causative devoicing (Schuessler, 2007).

Han compound

GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified); † - describes the weather; ‡ - describes objects

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Hakka, Jin) boiling hot; scalding hot


癆

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *raːw, *raːw, *raːws): semantic 疒 (“sickness”) + phonetic 勞 (OC *raːw, *raːws).
From 勞 (OC *raːw, *raːws, “to toil”) (Wang, 1982).

Han compound

(Southwestern Mandarin, dialectal Gan) to have an upset stomach because of the lack of fats in one's diet; to crave meat


癆

Possibly related to 療 (OC *rews, “to cure”) (Schuessler, 2007). Compare ancient Chu dialect 瘌 (OC *raːd, “to be poisoned by medication”). Cognate to Mizo ru (“bark, roots, leaves or fruit which can be used to poison fish”), Jingpho mə-rau (“fishing by stupefying fish by poisonous vines”), Burmese ရိုး (rui:, “fish poison”) (Starostin).

cog

(Jianghuai and Southwestern Mandarin, Gan, Xiang, transitive) to poison


矺

The Cantonese, Hakka and Gan forms are possibly cognate with Min Nan 硩 (teh, “to press down on”), Eastern Min 矺 (dáh, “to press down on”) (Li, 2002).

(Cantonese, Hakka, Gan, Eastern Min) to press down on


等

A medieval word, probably related to 待 (OC *dɯːʔ, “to wait”) (Wang, 1982).


箍

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kʷaː): semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 㧜 (liè)

Han compound

(Wuhan Mandarin, Gan, Xiang) to hug; to embrace


細

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *snɯːls): semantic 糸 + phonetic 囟 (OC *snɯns). The right component is etymologically unrelated to 田 in which it was corrupted to after the Han dynasty.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *z(j)əj (“little; small; tiny”) (STEDT); cognate with Jingpho zi (“small”), Tibetan ཟི (zi, “small”), Burmese သေး (se:, “small”).

inh

點解會咁細嘅？

点解会咁细嘅？

(literary or Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Min) small; tiny; little


茶

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (茶):
* → Japanese: 茶(ちゃ) (cha) (see there for further descendants)
* → Okinawan: 茶(ちゃー) (chā)
* → Korean: 차(茶) (cha)
* → Vietnamese: trà (茶)

→ Betawi: té (via Hokkien)

desc

→ Cantonese: 嗲 (de¹, “to chat”) (via Teochew)

→ Classical Persian: چَا (čā) (via Mandarin), چَای (čāy) (via Mandarin, with Persian suffix -y(i) added) (see there for further descendants)

→ Drung: cha

→ Dutch: thee (via Hokkien) (see there for further descendants)

→ English: cha, char (via Cantonese)

→ Hlai: dhe (via Hainanese)

→ Khmer: តែ (tae)

→ Malay: ca, cha (via Cantonese)

desctree

→ Malay: teh (via Hokkien)
> Indonesian: teh (inherited)

desc

→ Mongolian: цай (caj), ᠴᠠᠢ (čai) (via Mandarin)

desctree

→ Portuguese: chá (via Cantonese)
→ Apalaí: xa
→ Gujarati: ચા (cā)
→ Hunsrik: Scha
→ Nheengatu: xaa
→ Spanish: cha / chá (Philippine Spanish)
→? Tagalog: tsa, sa — obsolete, cha, saa, tsaa, chaa
→? Cebuano: tsa
→ Tetum: xá

→ Punjabi: (via Mandarin)

Gurmukhi script: ਚਾਹ (cāh)

Shahmukhi script: چاہ (cāh)

→ Spanish: té (via Hokkien)
→ Asturian: té
→ Basque: te
→ Catalan: te
→ Galician: té
→ Navajo: dééh
→ Occitan: tè

→ Proto-Tai: *ɟaːᴬ

Bouyei: xaz

Lao: ຊາ (sā)

Thai: ชา (chaa)

Zhuang: caz

→ Tibetan: ཇ (ja)

→ Vietnamese: chè (茶, 𦷨)

→ Yonaguni: さー

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *rlaː): semantic 艹 + phonetic 余 (OC *la).
茶, then slightly modified into a more conservative 茶, originates as a graphical modification of archaic 荼 (*rlaː, “bitter plant”), used for “tea” in classical sources. The modern version is unrelated to the bottom component of 條.
As tea may have originated from Sichuan, where the native Yi people speak Loloish languages, Sagart (1999) suggests that the Old Chinese item was possibly originally borrowed from Proto-Loloish *la¹ (“tea”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-la (“leaf; tea”). Schuessler (2007) traces its ultimate origin to Proto-Austroasiatic *slaʔ (“leaf”) (in Sidwell's 2024 reconstruction).
Alternatively, Qiu (1988) suggests that it might be a semantic extension of 荼 (*rlaː, “bitter plant”).

茶滷

tea left out overnight, stain on teaware

吃茶

(dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Gan, Xiang, Wu) boiled or boiling water


莫

Pictogram (象形) – the sun (日) sinking into the bushes (屮); dusk. Original form of 暮 (OC *maːɡs, “dusk”).
The bottom was later distorted into 大.
From 無 (OC *ma, “there is no”) + distributive suffix *-k (Schuessler, 2007). For the same type of derivation, see the relationship of 有 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, “there is”) and 或 (OC *ɡʷɯːɡ, “some”).

𦶛
𦱤
䒬
勿
嘜
麥
賣
甭
⿰勿愛*

莫做聲！

莫做声！

moʔ⁵⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛ²¹³⁻⁵³ nˡɛi²⁴²

Don't be too polite. / Make yourself at home.

mŏ̤h-sá̤-nê / [moʔ⁵⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛ²¹³⁻⁵³ nˡɛi²⁴²]

莫細膩。

moʔ⁵⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛ²¹³⁻⁵³ nˡɛi²⁴²

莫细腻。

你莫腿囉。

你莫腿啰。

Don't be panicked when conflagration happens

發生火災莫驚慌

发生火灾莫惊慌

莫為盜！莫為殺人！

莫为盗！莫为杀人！

In life, fully enjoy yourself when you are delighted; do not allow an empty goblet to face the moon.

Rénshēng déyì xū jìn huān, mò shǐ jīnzūn kōng duì yuè.

人生得意須盡歡，莫使金樽空對月。

人生得意须尽欢，莫使金樽空对月。

(literary or dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Eastern Min, Xiang) do not; don't; must not


落

→ Ai-Cham: lau⁵

→ Thai: โละ (ló) (via Teochew loh⁸)

→ Vietnamese: lạc

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡ·raːɡ): semantic 艹 + phonetic 洛 (OC *ɡ·raːɡ).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(k/g)la-k/y/t (“to fall”) (STEDT, Schuessler, 2007):
:within Sinitic, cognate to 露 (OC *ɡ·raːɡs) "dew", 下 (OC *ɡraːʔ, *ɡraːs, “down, below, to descend, to fall down”) , 陊 (OC *l'aːlʔ, *l'alʔ) "to collapse" and 阤 (OC *l'alʔ, *hljalʔ) "hillside, slope";
:outsides Sinitic, cognate to Mizo tla ~ tlâk (“to fall”) and thla ~ thlâk (“to drop”), Burmese ကျ (kya., “to fall”) and ချ (hkya., “to drop”).
Schuessler attributes OC *r-, instead of expected **l-, to possible Austroasiatic influence: compare Khmer [script needed] (gra'ka, “be low, debased”) < [script needed] (-ra'ka, “to fall, below, cover from above”). However, Matisoff (2003) identifies several ST etyma which display TB *(C‑)l- vs. OC *(C‑)r‑ correspondence (e.g. *l(j)a(k/ŋ) (“good, beautiful”) → 良 (OC *raŋ), *g/m-liŋ (“neck”) → 領 (OC *reŋʔ), etc.) and TB *(C‑)r- vs. OC *(C‑)l‑ (e.g. *g-rjum (“salt”) → 鹽 (OC *ɡ·lam)); so irregularities in correspondence do not necessarily indicate foreign influences.
Contemporary southern usage possibly reinforced by a Kra-Dai term. The term has been associated with Zhuang loengx (“to fall”).
Zhengzhang suggested that Pronunciation 2 was a result of loss of final consonant of the retained Old Chinese Pronunciation 1.

cog

He had already started to carry an umbrella before the rain even began to fall.

di¹ jyu⁵ jat¹ dik¹ dou¹ mei⁶ lok⁶ keoi⁵ ji⁵ ging¹ hai² dou⁶ lo² zyu⁶ baa² ze¹ haang⁴.

啲雨一滴都未落佢已經喺度攞住把遮行。

啲雨一滴都未落佢已经喺度𫽋住把遮行。

(transitive) (to move something to a lower place)

(Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Huizhou, Min, Southern Pinghua, Wu, Xiang) to fall down; to rain or snow

(to move something to a lower place)
to fall down; to rain or snow


許

Zheng (2017) suggests that it is from 爾 (OC *njelʔ, “that”). Compare 耳 (OC *njɯʔ, “ear”) > Min Nan hī.


話

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (話):
* → Japanese: 話(わ) (wa)
* → Korean: 화(話) (hwa)
* → Vietnamese: thoại (話)

→ Lao: ວ່າ (wā)

→ Lü: ᦞᦱᧈ (vaa¹)

→ Shan: ဝႃႈ (wāa)

→ Thai: ว่า (wâa)

→ Zhuang: vah

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡroːds): semantic 言 (“word”) + phonetic 𠯑 (OC *ɡroːd). The right component is not related to 舌 (OC *ɦbljed, “tongue”).
Cognate with 曰 (OC *ɢʷad) according to Sagart (1999); if so, it is from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *grwas (“to speak; word”), whence Tibetan གྲོས་སྡུར་བྱེད་པ (gros sdur byed pa, “to consult; to discuss”) (STEDT).
; "episode"

cog

གྲོས་སྡུར་བྱེད་པ

使乜話俾佢聽呢。

使乜话俾佢听呢。

話緊佢自己

话紧佢自己

nei⁵ faai³ di¹ waa⁶ ngo⁵ zi¹ faat³ sang¹ me¹ si⁶.

你快啲話我知發生咩事。

你快啲话我知发生咩事。

都話啦！

都话啦！

That's what they say [at least, but actual matters may be different].

話就係噉話啫。

话就系噉话啫。

(Can we date this quote?), “Ah Lam 日記”, performed by 林子祥 [George Lam]:

I'm not saying that you're ugly, only that you're disgusting.

ngo⁵ m⁴ hai⁶ waa⁶ nei⁵ cau² joeng⁶⁻², zi² hai⁶ nei⁵ wat⁶ dat⁶.

我唔係話你醜樣，只係你核突。

我唔系话你丑样，只系你核突。

(Can we date this quote?), 十一點新聞, 本港台; 亞洲電視:

Oi, I already said, don't try to come up here any further. Go back down; what are you filming for?

wai³, waa⁶ zo², m⁴ hou² zoi³ soeng⁶ lei⁴ aa³. lok⁶ faan¹ heoi³ laa¹, jing² mat¹ je⁵.

喂，話咗，唔好再上嚟呀。落番去啦，影乜嘢。

喂，话咗，唔好再上嚟呀。落番去啦，影乜嘢。

(Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Northern Min, Wu) to say; to refer to; to talk about

If you don't tell him off, he will continue to do it.

m⁴ waa⁶ keoi⁵ ne¹, keoi⁵ zau⁶ wui⁵ gai³ zuk⁶ zou⁶ lok⁶ heoi³.

唔話佢呢，佢就會繼續做落去。

唔话佢呢，佢就会继续做落去。

Don't complain (that I'm telling you that), ghosts are real.

nei⁵ m⁴ hou² waa⁶ aa³, zan¹ hai⁶ jau⁵ gwai² gaa³.

你唔好話呀，真係有鬼㗎。

你唔好话呀，真系有鬼㗎。

(Cantonese, Hakka, Gan, Wu) to tell someone off; to scold


贏

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *leŋ): phonetic 𦝠 (luó) + semantic 貝 (“cowry; money”).
Despite STEDT, probably not related to 盈 (OC *leŋ, “to fill; full, surplus”), in light of Baxter and Sagart's reconstruction of the Old Chinese pronunciation. Instead, note similarities to Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔoŋ¹ (“to win, complete”), whence Burmese အောင် (aung, “to be victorious”).

cog

赢
𦢼
⿱夃𠀃
⿱亡⿵𠘨贝

(Gan, Xiang) Used with 不 or 得 to express capability.


起

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kʰɯʔ): semantic 走 + phonetic 巳 (OC *ljɯʔ, *lɯs).
Perhaps from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kyi (“to lift, raise, awake”); cognate with Burmese ချီ (hkyi, “to lift”) (STEDT).

inh

起緊嘅線路

起紧嘅线路

呢棟樓係新起嘅。

呢栋楼系新起嘅。

(dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Min, Pinghua, Wu, Xiang) to construct; to build


跍

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, Jilu, Jianghuai and Southwestern Mandarin, Hakka, Gan, Min, Wu, Xiang) to squat

obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese; Jianghuai and Southwestern Mandarin; obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese; Jianghuai and Southwestern Mandarin


過

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (過):
* → Japanese: 過(か) (ka)
* → Korean: 과(過) (gwa)
* → Vietnamese: quá (過, “too; to exceed”), qua (過, “to cross; through; across”)

→ Proto-Hmong-Mien: *KʷajH (“to cross”)

White Hmong: dhau

→ Proto-Tai: *kwaːᴮ (“to cross over”)

Lao: ກວ່າ (kuā, “than; more than”)

desc

Shan: ၵႂႃႇ (kwàa, “go; work, run (as an engine)”)

Thai: กว่า (gwàa, “than; more than; over; go; overflow; pass”)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kloːl, *kloːls): semantic 辵 (“walk”) + phonetic 咼 (OC *kʰʷroːl).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-ka-j (“to go, to stride”) (STEDT). Related to 跨 (OC *kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːʔ, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs, “to pass over”) and 騎 (OC *ɡral, *ɡrals, “to ride”).

och-l

I picked the wrong topic for the essay, so I have to write it all over again.

ngo⁵ zok³ man⁴⁻² gaan² co³ zo² tai⁴ muk⁶, jiu³ cung⁴ tau⁴ se² gwo³.

我作文揀錯咗題目，要從頭寫過。

我作文拣错咗题目，要从头写过。

(Cantonese, Gan) particle indicating repetition of an event; again


郎

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (郎):
* → Japanese: 郎(ろう) (rō)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *raːŋ): phonetic 良 (OC *raŋ) + semantic 邑 (“county; town”).
STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b/m-laŋ (“penis; male; husband”), including Burmese လင် (lang, “husband”) as a descendant.
However, Zev Handel considers comparison to this root to be improbable since the meaning of "husband; young man" is not attested in early texts. These senses seem to develop from "an official's title", which was a metonymic extension of "veranda or corridor (of a palace or mansion)" (later written as 廊) (Schuessler, 2007). Schuessler (2007) suggests that the Burmese word is a loan from Chinese.

inh

(literary or dialectal Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Gan, Xiang, Northern Min) son-in-law (daughter's husband)


飲

In the oracle bone script, it was an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 酉 (“bottle (of alcoholic beverages)”) + 人 (“person”) + 口 (“mouth (occasionally with the tongue protruding)”) – a person bending over a bottle to drink the alcoholic beverage. The droplets represented drops of the drink or saliva.
In the bronze script, the mouth separated from the body and corrupted into 今 (OC *krɯm), while the rest of the body became 欠 (OC *kʰoms). These two components also acted as phonetic components. These changes were inherited in the seal script, leading Shuowen to interpret this character (㱃) as a phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms): phonetic 酓 (OC *qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms) + semantic 欠 (“yawn”).
In the clerical script, 酓 has been modified to 食 (“to eat”), which is inherited in the current form.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔam (“to eat; to drink”).

inh

饮
㱃
酓
飮
𣲎
𩚜
饮
㱃
酓
飮
𣲎
𩚜
饮

(dialectal Cantonese, including Taishanese, Yangjiang Yue; dialectal Gan; dialectal Hakka; Min) rice water


餐

/tʰan³³⁻³³⁵/

/tʰan³³⁻³³⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰaːn): phonetic 𣦼 (cán) + semantic 食 (“to eat; meal; food”). Its original meaning was "to swallow".
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-dz(j)a-k/n/t/s (“to eat; food; to feed; rice”), whence Tibetan ཟ (za, “to eat”); probably also related to 咀 (OC *ʔsaʔ, *zaʔ, “to chew”) (STEDT; Benedict, 1972; Schuessler, 2007).
Alternatively, it may be compared to Tibetan འཚལ ('tshal, “to eat”), ཚལ་མ (tshal ma, “breakfast”) (Coblin, 1986; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2019).

inh

打人一餐 [Cantonese] ― daa² jan⁴ jat¹ caan¹ [Jyutping] ― to give someone a beating

做餐懵 [Cantonese] ― zou⁶ caan¹ mung² [Jyutping] ― to do a lot for litter in return

(Cantonese, Gan, Xiang) Classifier for beatings, scoldings, etc.


姑娘

→ Japanese: 姑娘 (kūnyan)

→ Korean: 꾸냥 (kkunyang), 쿠냥 (kunyang)

→ Russian: ку́ня (kúnja)

/ku⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ²/

/ku⁵⁵ ni̯ɑ̃ɻ²/

/ku⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/ku²⁴ niɑŋ²⁴/

/kuː⁵⁵ nœːŋ²¹/

/kuː⁵⁵ nœːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/ku⁴² n̠ʲiɔŋ²/

/ku²⁴ ŋi̯oŋ¹¹/

/ku¹¹ niɒ̃⁴⁵/

/kɔ³³ niũ²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ niũ²³/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² niũ²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ niũ²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ niɔ̃²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² niɔ̃¹³/

/ku⁵⁵ n̠ʲiã²¹/

/ku⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ²/

/ku⁵⁵ ni̯ɑ̃ɻ²/

/ku⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/ku²⁴ niɑŋ²⁴/

/kuː⁵⁵ nœːŋ²¹/

/kuː⁵⁵ nœːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/ku⁴² n̠ʲiɔŋ²/

/ku²⁴ ŋi̯oŋ¹¹/

/ku¹¹ niɒ̃⁴⁵/

/kɔ³³ niũ²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ niũ²³/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² niũ²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ niũ²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ niɔ̃²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² niɔ̃¹³/

/ku⁵⁵ n̠ʲiã²¹/

(Mandarin, Gan, Jin, colloquial) daughter

(Jilu, Central Plains, Jianghuai and Southwestern Mandarin, Gan, Huizhou, Shaowu Min, Wu) paternal aunt (father's sister)

Central Plains; Jianghuai and Southwestern Mandarin; Central Plains; Jianghuai and Southwestern Mandarin


猴子

/xoʊ̯³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/xəu²¹ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/xəɯ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩/

/hɐu̯²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/xəu̯¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/ɣ̊ɘu̯¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/xoʊ̯³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/xəu²¹ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/xəɯ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩/

/hɐu̯²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/xəu̯¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/ɣ̊ɘu̯¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

(Central Plains and Lanyin Mandarin, dialectal Gan, dialectal Hakka, dialectal Jin) praying mantis


太陽

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (太陽):
* → Japanese: 太陽(たいよう) (taiyō)
* → Korean: 태양(太陽) (taeyang)
* → Vietnamese: thái dương (太陽)

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ jɑŋ¹/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ jɑ̃ɻ³⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ jɑ̃ɻ¹/

/tʰai²¹³ iaŋ²¹/

/tʰɛ⁴⁴ iɑŋ²⁴/

/tʰaːi̯³³ jœːŋ²¹/

/tʰai²¹³⁻²¹ iɔŋ¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ i̯oŋ¹¹/

/tʰai⁴⁵ iɒ̃¹¹⁻⁵³/

/tʰuɛ³³ iɔŋ³³/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ yoŋ⁵³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ iɔŋ²³/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ iɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ iaŋ¹³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ iaŋ²⁴/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ iaŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵⁵ iɔ²²/

/tʰa³³ ɦiã⁴⁴/

/tʰɑ⁵³ ɦiæ̃³¹/

/tʰa⁵⁵ ɦiaŋ²³/

/tʰa⁴⁴ ɦiã³¹/

/tʰa³³ ɦiaŋ³³/

/tʰa⁵⁵ ɦiã³³/

/tʰɑ⁵² ɦiã¹¹/

/tʰɛ³⁵ ɦiɪ̃³³/

/tʰɛ⁵⁵ ɦiæ̃²¹/

/tʰɛ³³ ɦiã¹⁴/

/tʰai̯⁴⁵ i̯æn¹³/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ jɑŋ¹/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ jɑ̃ɻ³⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ jɑ̃ɻ¹/

/tʰai²¹³ iaŋ²¹/

/tʰɛ⁴⁴ iɑŋ²⁴/

/tʰaːi̯³³ jœːŋ²¹/

/tʰai²¹³⁻²¹ iɔŋ¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ i̯oŋ¹¹/

/tʰai⁴⁵ iɒ̃¹¹⁻⁵³/

/tʰuɛ³³ iɔŋ³³/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ yoŋ⁵³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ iɔŋ²³/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ iɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ iaŋ¹³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ iaŋ²⁴/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ iaŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵⁵ iɔ²²/

/tʰa³³ ɦiã⁴⁴/

/tʰɑ⁵³ ɦiæ̃³¹/

/tʰa⁵⁵ ɦiaŋ²³/

/tʰa⁴⁴ ɦiã³¹/

/tʰa³³ ɦiaŋ³³/

/tʰa⁵⁵ ɦiã³³/

/tʰɑ⁵² ɦiã¹¹/

/tʰɛ³⁵ ɦiɪ̃³³/

/tʰɛ⁵⁵ ɦiæ̃²¹/

/tʰɛ³³ ɦiã¹⁴/

/tʰai̯⁴⁵ i̯æn¹³/

Maybe named because the sun was considered as the greatest extreme of yang (陽), one of the two primary forces in Chinese belief.

太陽章

The Sun, the ninety-first sura of the Qur'an

(dialectal Mandarin, Guangxi Yue, Gan, Northern Min, Leizhou Min, Jiangyong Tuhua) temple (on the head)


和尚

Sino-Xenic (和尚):
* → Japanese: 和(お)尚(しょう) (oshō); 和(か)尚(しょう) (kashō); 和(わ)尚(じょう) (wajō)
* → Korean: 화상(和尙) (hwasang)
* → Vietnamese: hoà thượng (和尚)

→ Tangut: 𗇇𗀒 (*xwa¹ śjow²)

→ Zhuang: hozsiengh

/xɤ³⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/xə²⁴ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/xuə²⁴ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/wɔː²¹ sœːŋ²²⁻³⁵/

/vᵘɔ²² siaŋ³²⁻³²⁵/

/vo⁵⁵ ʃoŋ³³/

/ʋo¹¹ sɔŋ⁵³/

/xuɤ¹¹ sɒ̃⁴⁵/

/hu⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾luɔŋ²⁴²/

/huo⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾luɔŋ²⁴²/

/hɒ¹³⁻⁴² ^((ɬ-))lyɒŋ¹¹/

/hɒ²⁴⁻⁴² ^((ɬ-))lyøŋ²¹/

/he²⁴⁻²² siũ²²/

/he²⁴⁻¹¹ siũ³³/

/he²⁴⁻²² siũ⁴¹/

/hə²⁴⁻¹² siũ²²/

/hə²⁴⁻²² siũ⁴¹/

/hue¹³⁻²² siɔ̃²²/

/hue²⁴⁻³³ siɔ̃³³/

/hue²⁴⁻³³ siũ³³/

/hue²³⁻³³ siũ³³/

/hə²⁴⁻²² siũ³³/

/hue²³⁻²¹ siãu²¹/

/hue⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sĩẽ¹¹/

/hue⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sĩõ¹¹/

/hua⁵⁵⁻¹¹ siaŋ³⁵/

/ɦu²² zɑ̃⁴⁴/

/xɤ³⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/xə²⁴ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/xuə²⁴ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/wɔː²¹ sœːŋ²²⁻³⁵/

/vᵘɔ²² siaŋ³²⁻³²⁵/

/vo⁵⁵ ʃoŋ³³/

/ʋo¹¹ sɔŋ⁵³/

/xuɤ¹¹ sɒ̃⁴⁵/

/hu⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾luɔŋ²⁴²/

/huo⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾luɔŋ²⁴²/

/hɒ¹³⁻⁴² ^((ɬ-))lyɒŋ¹¹/

/hɒ²⁴⁻⁴² ^((ɬ-))lyøŋ²¹/

/he²⁴⁻²² siũ²²/

/he²⁴⁻¹¹ siũ³³/

/he²⁴⁻²² siũ⁴¹/

/hə²⁴⁻¹² siũ²²/

/hə²⁴⁻²² siũ⁴¹/

/hue¹³⁻²² siɔ̃²²/

/hue²⁴⁻³³ siɔ̃³³/

/hue²⁴⁻³³ siũ³³/

/hue²³⁻³³ siũ³³/

/hə²⁴⁻²² siũ³³/

/hue²³⁻²¹ siãu²¹/

/hue⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sĩẽ¹¹/

/hue⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sĩõ¹¹/

/hua⁵⁵⁻¹¹ siaŋ³⁵/

/ɦu²² zɑ̃⁴⁴/

Phono-semantic matching
Yiqiejing yinyi (Xuanying)
zh:慧苑

“Senior monk who holds the precepts-granting ceremony; preceptor” > “high priest; head monk” > “Buddhist monks in general”. First attested in the 3rd–4th centuries CE, as 和上.
Borrowed from Prakrit 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅 (uvajjhāa), 𑀉𑀅𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅 (uajjhāa), 𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅 (ujjhāa), 𑀑𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅 (ŏjjhāa), 𑀑𑀛𑀸𑀅 (ojhāa), 𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀛 (ujjha, “teacher; religious teacher”), all from Sanskrit उपाध्याय (upādhyāya, “teacher; preceptor; spiritual adviser”) (Chu, 2002). The use of 上 (MC dzyangH) or 尚 (MC dzyangH) to render Prakrit jjhāa /d̚d͡ʑʱɑː.ɐ/ was probably influenced by:
# The weakening of the nasal –ŋ coda in the ancient northwestern dialect of Middle Chinese, and
# The use of phono-semantic matching in transcription, with 尚 taken to mean “noble; virtuous; to revere” (idem).
Compare Gandhari 𐨀𐨂𐨬𐨗𐨸𐨩 (uvaj̄aya, “teacher”), Pali upajjhāya, upajjhā, upajjha (“spiritual teacher or preceptor”), Hindi ओझा (ojhā, “exorcist”), Sindhi واڍو / वाढो (vāḍho, “carpenter”), Assamese ওজা (üza, “one well-versed in any art; teacher; sorcerer”), Bengali ওঝা (ōjha, “snake-charmer; exorcist”), Odia ଓଝା (ojhā, “teacher; one who cures snake-bites; wizard; exorcist; title of blacksmiths and carpenters”), Malayalam വാധ്യായൻ (vādhyāyaṉ, “teacher; family priest”), Tamil வாத்தியார் (vāttiyār, “teacher; family priest; one who trains actors and dancers”).
Alternative theories, such as those put forth by Tang Dynasty monks Xuanying and Huiyuan, hypothesise that this was borrowed from Khotanese or language of the Shule Kingdom, but these appear less likely.

cog

和尙
和上
和闍
和社
鶻社
殟社
烏社


我們

/wɔ²¹⁴ mən⁴/

/wän²¹⁴ mə⁴/

/ŋo⁵³ mən²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/ŋɔː¹³ muːn²¹/

/ŋo²¹³⁻²¹ mɨn¹/

/ŋo⁴⁴⁻³⁵ mun¹¹/

/ŋo³³⁻²¹ muoŋ⁵³/

/ua⁵²⁻³⁵ muŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋu²² mən⁴⁴/

/ɦu²² mən⁴⁴/

/wɔ²¹⁴ mən⁴/

/wän²¹⁴ mə⁴/

/ŋo⁵³ mən²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/ŋɔː¹³ muːn²¹/

/ŋo²¹³⁻²¹ mɨn¹/

/ŋo⁴⁴⁻³⁵ mun¹¹/

/ŋo³³⁻²¹ muoŋ⁵³/

/ua⁵²⁻³⁵ muŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋu²² mən⁴⁴/

/ɦu²² mən⁴⁴/

我們是朋友。

我们是朋友。

他跟我們不一樣。

他跟我们不一样。

我們到時候再說吧。

我们到时候再说吧。

我們的汽車尾巴被撞壞了。

我们的汽车尾巴被撞坏了。

In the end we all lived to become people we despised.

Zuìzhōng wǒmen dōu huó chéng le zìjǐ tǎoyàn de yàngzi.

最終我們都活成了自己討厭的樣子。

最终我们都活成了自己讨厌的样子。

We called you here today, because we'd like to follow the emperor's order and ask you some questions.

Cao Xueqin, Dream of the Red Chamber, mid-18ᵗʰ century CE

Jīnrì wǒmen chuán nǐ lái, yǒu zūnzhǐ wèn nǐ de shì.

今日我們傳你來，有遵旨問你的事。

今日我们传你来，有遵旨问你的事。

(chiefly Mandarin, Gan, Jin, Changsha Xiang) we; us


兄弟

/ɕi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵ d̥i²/

/ɕyŋ²⁴ ti²⁴/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ tɐi̯²²/

/ˈɕiaŋ⁴² tʰi¹¹/

/hi̯uŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰi⁵⁵/

/ɕyŋ¹¹ ti⁴⁵/

/hiã⁴⁴⁻³³ ti³³/

/hiã⁴⁴⁻²² ti²²/

/ɕioŋ⁵⁵ di²¹/

/ɕi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵ d̥i²/

/ɕyŋ²⁴ ti²⁴/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ tɐi̯²²/

/ˈɕiaŋ⁴² tʰi¹¹/

/hi̯uŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰi⁵⁵/

/ɕyŋ¹¹ ti⁴⁵/

/hiã⁴⁴⁻³³ ti³³/

/hiã⁴⁴⁻²² ti²²/

/ɕioŋ⁵⁵ di²¹/

Dvandva of 兄 (xiōng, “older brother”) + 弟 (dì, “younger brother”)

(Mandarin, Gan, Jin, dialectal Wu, colloquial) younger brother


此地

/t͡sʰz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiː³⁵ tei̯²²/

/ˈt͡sʰz̩²¹³⁻²⁴ tʰi¹¹/

/t͡sʰz̩⁵⁵ di²¹/

/t͡sʰz̩³³ di⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiː³⁵ tei̯²²/

/ˈt͡sʰz̩²¹³⁻²⁴ tʰi¹¹/

/t͡sʰz̩⁵⁵ di²¹/

/t͡sʰz̩³³ di⁴⁴/

(Northeastern Mandarin, Gan, attributive) local; native


先生

He Xiangning
Soong Ching-ling
Yang Jiang

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (先生):
* → Japanese: 先生(せんせい) (sensei) (see there for further descendants)
* → Okinawan: 先生(しんしー) (shinshī)
* → Korean: 선생(先生) (seonsaeng)
* → Jeju: 선싕 (seonsuing) ; 선셍 (seonseng); 선승 (seonseung)
* → Vietnamese: tiên sinh (先生)

→ Amis: singsi (via Hokkien)

→ English: sinseh (via Hokkien)

→ Indonesian: sinse, singse, sengsai (via Hokkien)

→ Khmer: ស៊ិនសែ (sɨnsae) (via Teochew)

→ Sakizaya: singsi (via Hokkien)

desc

→ Thai: ซินแส (sin-sɛ̌ɛ), จีนแส (jiin-sɛ̌ɛ) (via Teochew)

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ²/

/ɕiɛn⁵⁵ sən⁵⁵/

/ɕiæ̃²⁴ səŋ²⁴/

/siːn⁵⁵ saːŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕiɛn⁴² sɛn²/

/sin²⁴⁻¹¹ saŋ²⁴/

/ɕin⁴⁴ saŋ⁴⁴/

/ɕie¹¹ səŋ¹¹/

/siŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾naŋ⁵⁵/

/ɬɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((ɬ-))na⁵³³/

/ɬɛŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((ɬ-))na⁵⁴⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² sĩ⁴⁴/

/siɛn³³ sĩ³³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ sĩ⁴⁴/

/sin³³⁻²¹ sɛ̃³³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² sẽ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ sẽ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² sɛ̃⁴⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² sẽ⁴⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ sẽ⁴⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/siŋ³³⁻²³ sẽ³³/

/seŋ³³⁻²³ sẽ³³/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ²/

/ɕiɛn⁵⁵ sən⁵⁵/

/ɕiæ̃²⁴ səŋ²⁴/

/siːn⁵⁵ saːŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕiɛn⁴² sɛn²/

/sin²⁴⁻¹¹ saŋ²⁴/

/ɕin⁴⁴ saŋ⁴⁴/

/ɕie¹¹ səŋ¹¹/

/siŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾naŋ⁵⁵/

/ɬɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((ɬ-))na⁵³³/

/ɬɛŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((ɬ-))na⁵⁴⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² sĩ⁴⁴/

/siɛn³³ sĩ³³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ sĩ⁴⁴/

/sin³³⁻²¹ sɛ̃³³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² sẽ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ sẽ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² sɛ̃⁴⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² sẽ⁴⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ sẽ⁴⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/siŋ³³⁻²³ sẽ³³/

/seŋ³³⁻²³ sẽ³³/

The specific pronunciation of Taiwanese Hokkien 先生 (siăn-sé) is from Japanese 先生(せんせい) (sensei) as evidenced by its pitch accent pronunciation.

My elder brother said, "Today, I've invited Dr. He to come and give you a check up."

Dàgē shuō: “Jīntiān qǐng Hé xiānshēng lái, gěi nǐ zhěn yī zhěn.”

大哥說：「今天請何先生來，給你診一診。」

大哥说：「今天请何先生来，给你诊一诊。」

(Gan, Hakka, Min, dated in Mandarin and Jin) doctor

doctor practising traditional Chinese medicine

The teacher speaks, and the students silently listen.

Sian-siⁿ kóng, ha̍k-seng tiām-tiām thiaⁿ.

先生講，學生恬恬聽。

先生讲，学生恬恬听。

Lièzǐ yuē: “Xī, zǐ zhī xiānshēng sǐ yǐ, fú huó yǐ.”

列子曰：「嘻，子之先生死矣，弗活矣。」

When he went to school, the teacher asked him: "Which province is west of Zhili Province?" He answered Shaanxi. The teacher said: "Wrong, it is Shanxi, not Shaanxi." He said: "Would Shaanxi and Shanxi not be close enough?"

Tā zài xuétáng de shíhòu, xiānshēng wèn tā: “Zhílì Shěng de xībiān shì nǎ yī shěng?” Tā shuō shì Shǎnxī. Xiānshēng shuō: “Cuò le, shì Shānxī, bùshì Shǎnxī.” Tā shuō: “Shǎnxī tóng Shānxī, bùshì chābùduō ma?”

他在學堂的時候，先生問他：「直隸省的西邊是哪一省？」他說是陝西。先生說：「錯了，是山西，不是陝西。」他說：「陝西同山西，不是差不多嗎？」

他在学堂的时候，先生问他：「直隶省的西边是哪一省？」他说是陕西。先生说：「错了，是山西，不是陕西。」他说：「陕西同山西，不是差不多吗？」

(honorific in Mandarin, Jin; common in Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Min) teacher


東西

→ White Hmong: toobxib

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/toŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/tuŋ²⁴ ɕi²⁴/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴/

/tʊŋ⁴⁴ ɕi⁴⁴/

/tuŋ¹¹ ɕi¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/tɔŋ³³ si³³/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² si⁴⁴/

/toŋ⁵⁵ ɕi²¹/

/toŋ³³ ɕi⁵¹/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/toŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/tuŋ²⁴ ɕi²⁴/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴/

/tʊŋ⁴⁴ ɕi⁴⁴/

/tuŋ¹¹ ɕi¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/tɔŋ³³ si³³/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² si⁴⁴/

/toŋ⁵⁵ ɕi²¹/

/toŋ³³ ɕi⁵¹/

; "thing; stuff"
:The mainstream theory states that people in ancient times (Some theories might claim that the vocab origins from the Han or Tang Dynasty) would go to East and West markets to buy goods respectively, and over time this vocab became a pronoun for "things" in vernacular language.

我有東西要給你。

我有东西要给你。

把我的東西還給我。

把我的东西还给我。

我還有很多東西要學。

我还有很多东西要学。

How can I see that which does not exist?

Bù cúnzài de dōngxi, wǒ zěnme nénggòu kàn de dào?

不存在的東西，我怎麼能夠看得到？

不存在的东西，我怎么能够看得到？

(chiefly Mandarin, Gan, Hakka, Jin, Xiang) thing; stuff; something (Classifier: 個／个; 件; 樣／样)


後生

/xoʊ̯⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/hɐu̯²² saːŋ⁵⁵/

/heu²² saŋ³³⁻²¹⁵/

/hau²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾laŋ⁵⁵/

/hɛu²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛiŋ⁵⁵/

/hau²¹ ⁽ᶿ⁻⁾na⁵⁴⁴/

/hau³³⁻¹¹ sĩ⁴⁴/

/hau²²⁻²¹ sĩ⁴⁴/

/hau²²⁻¹² sĩ⁴⁴/

/hau³³⁻²² sĩ³³/

/hau²²⁻²¹ sɛ̃⁴⁴/

/hau³³⁻¹¹ sɛ̃⁵⁵/

/hau³³⁻²¹ sẽ⁴⁴/

/hau²²⁻²¹ sẽ⁴⁴/

/hau²¹ sɛ̃³³/

/hau³³⁻¹¹ sẽ⁴⁴/

/hau¹¹ siɛ̃³³⁴/

/hau³⁵⁻¹¹ sẽ³³/

/xoʊ̯⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/hɐu̯²² saːŋ⁵⁵/

/heu²² saŋ³³⁻²¹⁵/

/hau²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾laŋ⁵⁵/

/hɛu²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛiŋ⁵⁵/

/hau²¹ ⁽ᶿ⁻⁾na⁵⁴⁴/

/hau³³⁻¹¹ sĩ⁴⁴/

/hau²²⁻²¹ sĩ⁴⁴/

/hau²²⁻¹² sĩ⁴⁴/

/hau³³⁻²² sĩ³³/

/hau²²⁻²¹ sɛ̃⁴⁴/

/hau³³⁻¹¹ sɛ̃⁵⁵/

/hau³³⁻²¹ sẽ⁴⁴/

/hau²²⁻²¹ sẽ⁴⁴/

/hau²¹ sɛ̃³³/

/hau³³⁻¹¹ sẽ⁴⁴/

/hau¹¹ siɛ̃³³⁴/

/hau³⁵⁻¹¹ sẽ³³/

(chiefly Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Min, Wu) young


歡喜

/xu̯än⁵⁵ ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xuæ̃²⁴ ɕi⁵¹/

/fɔn⁴⁴⁻³⁵ hi³¹/

/huaŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋi³³/

/hua⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾i⁴⁵³/

/huo⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾i⁴⁵³/

/hũã⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾i³³²/

/huã⁴⁴⁻³³ hi⁴¹/

/huã³³ hi⁵⁵⁴/

/huã⁴⁴⁻³³ hi⁵³/

/huã⁴⁴⁻²² hi⁵³/

/hũã³³⁻²³ hi⁵²/

/huø⁵⁵ ɕi²¹/

/huõ³³ ɕi³⁴/

/huã³³ ɕi⁵³⁵/

/xu̯än⁵⁵ ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xuæ̃²⁴ ɕi⁵¹/

/fɔn⁴⁴⁻³⁵ hi³¹/

/huaŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋi³³/

/hua⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾i⁴⁵³/

/huo⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾i⁴⁵³/

/hũã⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾i³³²/

/huã⁴⁴⁻³³ hi⁴¹/

/huã³³ hi⁵⁵⁴/

/huã⁴⁴⁻³³ hi⁵³/

/huã⁴⁴⁻²² hi⁵³/

/hũã³³⁻²³ hi⁵²/

/huø⁵⁵ ɕi²¹/

/huõ³³ ɕi³⁴/

/huã³³ ɕi⁵³⁵/

我老歡喜儂個！

我老欢喜侬个！

And he said unto them in his doctrine, Beware of the scribes, which love to go in long clothing, and love salutations in the marketplaces

1872, 《馬可傳福音書（廣東土白）》 (The Gospel of Mark: Cantonese Vernacular) 12:38

je⁴ sou¹ gaau³ fan³ zung³ jan⁴ zi¹ si⁴ jau⁶ waa⁶, tai⁴ fong⁴ go³ dik¹ duk⁶ syu¹ jan⁴ aa³, keoi⁵ dei⁶ hou³ zoek³ coeng⁴ saam¹ hang⁴ jau⁴, fun¹ hei² hai² si⁵ soeng⁶ jan⁴ dei⁶ cing² keoi⁵ on¹

耶穌教訓衆人之時又話、提防個的讀書人呀、佢地好着長衫行遊、歡喜喺市上人地請佢安

耶稣教训众人之时又话、提防个的读书人呀、佢地好着长衫行游、欢喜喺市上人地请佢安

1958, 李鐵, director, 橫刀奪愛 [The Love Thief], spoken by 施月影 (胡笳):

nei⁵ hai⁶ m⁴ hai⁶ hou² m⁴ fun¹ hei² keoi⁵ aa¹?

你係唔係好唔歡喜佢吖？

你系唔系好唔欢喜佢吖？

(literary or regional, including Cantonese, Gan, Eastern Min, Southern Min, Sichuanese, Wu) to like; to be fond of


山芋

/suã⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ³³/

/suã⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ³³/

Ipomoea batatas
Ipomoea batatas#Translingual

(dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Gan, Huizhou, dialectal Jin, Wu) sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)


哪個

/nä²¹⁴ g̊ə⁴/

/neɪ̯²¹⁴ g̊ə⁴/

/naː¹³ kɔː³³/

/la²¹³⁻¹³ ˈko³⁵/

/la²¹³⁻²¹ ko¹/

/nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ko²¹/

/nã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ko⁴¹/

/nä²¹⁴ g̊ə⁴/

/neɪ̯²¹⁴ g̊ə⁴/

/naː¹³ kɔː³³/

/la²¹³⁻¹³ ˈko³⁵/

/la²¹³⁻²¹ ko¹/

/nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ko²¹/

/nã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ko⁴¹/

(dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Hakka, Gan, dialectal Jin, Xiang) who


舊年

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡ɕiəɯ⁴⁴ liẽ/

/kɐu̯²² niːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/kɐu̯²² niːn²¹/

/kiu³² ⁿden²²⁻²²⁵/

/ˈt͡ɕʰiu¹¹ n̠ʲiɛn³⁵/

/kʰi̯u⁵⁵ ŋi̯en¹¹/

/kʰi̯u⁵⁵ ŋi̯an¹¹/

/kʰiu⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ŋian¹¹/

/ku³³⁻¹¹ nĩ²⁴/

/ku³³⁻²¹ nĩ²³/

/ku²²⁻²¹ nĩ²⁴/

/ku⁴¹⁻²² ni²⁴/

/ku⁴¹⁻²² nĩ²⁴/

/ku²²⁻²¹ nĩ¹³/

/ku²¹⁻²² lin²⁴/

/d͡ʑiɤ²² n̠ʲi⁴⁴/

/d͡ʑʏ²² n̠ʲɪ³³/

/d͡ʑiɤɯ¹¹ n̠ʲɪ²⁴/

/d͡ʑi̯ɔ¹¹ ni¹³⁻³³/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡ɕiəɯ⁴⁴ liẽ/

/kɐu̯²² niːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/kɐu̯²² niːn²¹/

/kiu³² ⁿden²²⁻²²⁵/

/ˈt͡ɕʰiu¹¹ n̠ʲiɛn³⁵/

/kʰi̯u⁵⁵ ŋi̯en¹¹/

/kʰi̯u⁵⁵ ŋi̯an¹¹/

/kʰiu⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ŋian¹¹/

/ku³³⁻¹¹ nĩ²⁴/

/ku³³⁻²¹ nĩ²³/

/ku²²⁻²¹ nĩ²⁴/

/ku⁴¹⁻²² ni²⁴/

/ku⁴¹⁻²² nĩ²⁴/

/ku²²⁻²¹ nĩ¹³/

/ku²¹⁻²² lin²⁴/

/d͡ʑiɤ²² n̠ʲi⁴⁴/

/d͡ʑʏ²² n̠ʲɪ³³/

/d͡ʑiɤɯ¹¹ n̠ʲɪ²⁴/

/d͡ʑi̯ɔ¹¹ ni¹³⁻³³/

(dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Southern Min, Puxian Min, Wu or literary) last year


死人

/sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/sz̩⁵¹ ʐəŋ²⁴/

/si³³⁻²¹ nˡøyŋ⁵³/

/si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ laŋ¹³/

/si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ laŋ²³/

/si⁵²⁻³⁵ naŋ⁵⁵/

/sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/sz̩⁵¹ ʐəŋ²⁴/

/si³³⁻²¹ nˡøyŋ⁵³/

/si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ laŋ¹³/

/si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ laŋ²³/

/si⁵²⁻³⁵ naŋ⁵⁵/

(Gan) very; really; badly (placed after the adjective)


摩登

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ tɤŋ⁵⁵/

/mɔː⁵⁵ tɐŋ⁵⁵/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ³³/

/mɔ̃¹³⁻²² tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ tɤŋ⁵⁵/

/mɔː⁵⁵ tɐŋ⁵⁵/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ³³/

/mɔ̃¹³⁻²² tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

(Cantonese, Gan, Wu) fashionable; popular


吃醋

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵ t͡sʰu⁵¹/

/hɛːk̚³ t͡sʰou̯³³/

/t͡ɕʰiaʔ⁵ t͡sʰu²¹³/

/t͡sʰəʔ² t͡sʰu⁴⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiɪʔ⁴⁴ t͡sʰu³⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵ t͡sʰu⁵¹/

/hɛːk̚³ t͡sʰou̯³³/

/t͡ɕʰiaʔ⁵ t͡sʰu²¹³/

/t͡sʰəʔ² t͡sʰu⁴⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiɪʔ⁴⁴ t͡sʰu³⁴/

(Mandarin, Gan, Jin, Wu, colloquial) to feel jealous (usually of a rival in love)


行路

/ɕiŋ³⁵ lu⁵¹/

/hɐŋ²¹ lou̯²²/

/ɕiŋ³⁵ lu⁵¹/

/hɐŋ²¹ lou̯²²/

/haːŋ²¹ lou̯²²/

/kiã¹³⁻²² lɔ²²/

/kiã²³⁻³³ lɔ³³/

/kiã²⁴⁻²² lɔ⁴¹/

/kiã²⁴⁻¹¹ lɔ³³/

/kiã²⁴⁻²¹ lɔ²²/

/kiã²⁴⁻²² lɔ²²/

/kĩã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lou¹¹/

/ɕiŋ³⁵ lu⁵¹/

/haːŋ²¹ lou̯²²/

/kiã¹³⁻²² lɔ²²/

/kiã²³⁻³³ lɔ³³/

/kiã²⁴⁻²² lɔ⁴¹/

/kiã²⁴⁻¹¹ lɔ³³/

/kiã²⁴⁻²¹ lɔ²²/

/kiã²⁴⁻²² lɔ²²/

/kĩã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lou¹¹/

to not pay attention where one is walking

行路唔睇路

to go to the wrong place; to become lost

行錯路

行错路

(chiefly Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Huizhou, Southern Min, Xiang) to walk; to get somewhere by foot


一下

/i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ ɕi̯ɑɻ⁵¹/

/jɐt̚⁵ haː¹³/

/t͡sit̚⁴³⁻²¹ e²²/

/t͡sit̚²⁴⁻² e⁴¹/

/t͡sit̚⁴⁻³² e³³/

/t͡sit̚⁴⁻³² e²²/

/t͡sit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ɛ²²/

/t͡sit̚⁴⁻³² le³³/

/t͡sek̚⁴⁻² e¹¹/

/iɪʔ³³ ɕia⁴⁴/

/i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ ɕi̯ɑɻ⁵¹/

/jɐt̚⁵ haː¹³/

/t͡sit̚⁴³⁻²¹ e²²/

/t͡sit̚²⁴⁻² e⁴¹/

/t͡sit̚⁴⁻³² e³³/

/t͡sit̚⁴⁻³² e²²/

/t͡sit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ɛ²²/

/t͡sit̚⁴⁻³² le³³/

/t͡sek̚⁴⁻² e¹¹/

/iɪʔ³³ ɕia⁴⁴/


吹打

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɵy̯⁵⁵ taː³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɵy̯⁵⁵ taː³⁵/

(dialectal Gan, dialectal Hakka, music) suona


婆婆

/pʰu̯ɔ³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³/

/pʰo²¹ pʰo²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/pʰo²¹ pʰo²¹/

/pʰɔː²¹ pʰɔː²¹⁻³⁵/

/pʰɔː²¹ pʰɔː²¹/

/pᵘɔ²² pᵘɔ²²/

/pʰɤ¹¹ pʰɤ¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/po¹³⁻²² po¹³/

/po²⁴⁻²² po²⁴/

/pʰua⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pʰua⁵⁵/

/pʰu̯ɔ³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³/

/pʰo²¹ pʰo²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/pʰo²¹ pʰo²¹/

/pʰɔː²¹ pʰɔː²¹⁻³⁵/

/pʰɔː²¹ pʰɔː²¹/

/pᵘɔ²² pᵘɔ²²/

/pʰɤ¹¹ pʰɤ¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/po¹³⁻²² po¹³/

/po²⁴⁻²² po²⁴/

/pʰua⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pʰua⁵⁵/

paternal grandmother
paternal grandmother

(Gan, dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Xiang, dialectal Wu) paternal grandmother


零碎

/liŋ³⁵ su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/lɪŋ²¹ sɵy̯³³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰui⁴¹/

/liɪŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sʰui²¹/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰui²¹/

/lan²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰui¹¹/

/lan²³⁻³³ t͡sʰui²¹/

/liŋ³⁵ su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/lɪŋ²¹ sɵy̯³³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰui⁴¹/

/liɪŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sʰui²¹/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰui²¹/

/lan²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰui¹¹/

/lan²³⁻³³ t͡sʰui²¹/

(Sichuanese, Gan, Xiang, Suzhounese) snack, between-meal nibbles (a light meal)


落水

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɔːk̚² sɵy̯³⁵/

/lɔk̚⁵ suɪ³¹/

/lo(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sui⁵³/

/lɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ t͡sui⁴¹/

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɔːk̚² sɵy̯³⁵/

/lɔk̚⁵ suɪ³¹/

/lo(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sui⁵³/

/lɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ t͡sui⁴¹/

/lau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

/lau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

2007, “你聽到了嗎？”, 葉國居, 鄭朝方 (lyrics)performed by 鄭朝方:

The sound of the rain outside does not stop; do you hear it?

ngo⁺ boiˇ geˇ log` shui´ shang` m ton`, ngi tangˇ doˇ le` mo

外背介落水聲不斷 你聽到咧麼

外背介落水声不断 你听到咧么

2013, “學廣東話 [Learn Cantonese]”performed by 黃明志 [Namewee]:

[I said:] when it was dark, it rained. You asked me what on earth is that?

tin¹ hak¹ lok⁶ seoi² zo², nei⁵ man⁶ ngo⁵ hai⁶ mat¹ seoi² aa³?

天黑落水咗 妳問我係麼水啊？

天黑落水咗 你问我系么水啊？

(dialectal, including Cantonese, Hakka, Gan, Shehua, Wu) to rain


公公

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ g̊ʊŋ²/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kuŋ¹¹ kuŋ¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ kɔŋ³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/koŋ⁵⁵ koŋ²¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ g̊ʊŋ²/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kuŋ¹¹ kuŋ¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ kɔŋ³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/koŋ⁵⁵ koŋ²¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵⁻²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ³³ kʊŋ³/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ g̊ʊŋ²/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵⁻²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ kɔŋ³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kʊŋ³³ kʊŋ³/

(Mandarin, Gan, Jin, Wu) father-in-law (husband's father)


公公

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ g̊ʊŋ²/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kuŋ¹¹ kuŋ¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ kɔŋ³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/koŋ⁵⁵ koŋ²¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ g̊ʊŋ²/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kuŋ¹¹ kuŋ¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ kɔŋ³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/koŋ⁵⁵ koŋ²¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵⁻²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ³³ kʊŋ³/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ g̊ʊŋ²/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵⁻²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ kɔŋ³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kʊŋ³³ kʊŋ³/

GT - General Taiwanese (no particular region identified)

maternal grandfather
maternal grandfather

(dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, dialectal Gan, dialectal Wu) maternal grandfather

paternal grandfather
paternal grandfather

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, dialectal Hakka, Huizhou, Handan Jin, Northern Min, Xiang, dialectal Wu) paternal grandfather


新婦

新妇
新抱
心抱
新袍
新府
新𡜵

/sɐn⁵⁵ fuː¹³/

/sɐn⁵⁵ pʰou̯¹³/

/sɐm⁵⁵ pʰou̯¹³/

/siŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mou²⁴²/

/ɬiŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mu¹¹/

/ɬiŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mu²¹/

/θiŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mu²¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ pu³³/

/sin³³⁻²¹ pu²¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² pu²²/

/sim⁴⁴⁻²² pu²²/

/siŋ³³⁻²³ pu³⁵/

/sim³³⁻²³ pu³⁵/

/seŋ³³⁻²³ pu³⁵/

/ɕiŋ³³ vu⁵¹/

/siŋ⁵⁵ βu³¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ fuː¹³/

/sɐn⁵⁵ pʰou̯¹³/

/sɐm⁵⁵ pʰou̯¹³/

/siŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mou²⁴²/

/ɬiŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mu¹¹/

/ɬiŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mu²¹/

/θiŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mu²¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ pu³³/

/sin³³⁻²¹ pu²¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² pu²²/

/sim⁴⁴⁻²² pu²²/

/siŋ³³⁻²³ pu³⁵/

/sim³³⁻²³ pu³⁵/

/seŋ³³⁻²³ pu³⁵/

/ɕiŋ³³ vu⁵¹/

/siŋ⁵⁵ βu³¹/

(literary or Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Min, Pinghua, Wu) daughter-in-law


黃芽白

→ English: wombok

ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄧㄚˊ ㄅㄞˊ

ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄧㄚˊ ㄅㄞˊ

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ jä³⁵ paɪ̯³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ ŋaː²¹ paːk̚²/

/ʋɔŋ¹¹ ŋa¹¹ pʰak̚⁵/

/u̯an¹³ i̯a̠¹³ pɤ̞²⁴/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ jä³⁵ paɪ̯³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ ŋaː²¹ paːk̚²/

/ʋɔŋ¹¹ ŋa¹¹ pʰak̚⁵/

/u̯an¹³ i̯a̠¹³ pɤ̞²⁴/

(chiefly Wuhan Mandarin, Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Xiang) napa cabbage


大姑娘

/tä⁵¹ ku⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ²/

/taːi̯²² kuː⁵⁵ nœːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ku⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ²/

/taːi̯²² kuː⁵⁵ nœːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/tʰo¹¹ ku¹ n̠ʲiɔŋ³⁵/

/tʰo¹¹ ku¹ n̠ʲiɔŋ³⁵/

† - father's elder sister; ‡ - father's younger sister; § - married; ≠ - unmarried; ¶ - face-to-face; ∅ - non-face-to-face


娘老子

/ni̯ɑŋ³⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/n̠ʲiæ̃²² lɔ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

/n̠ʲi̯æn¹³ lɒu̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/ni̯ɔŋ¹³ lɤ⁴²⁻¹ t͡sz̩³/

/ni̯ɑŋ³⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/n̠ʲiæ̃²² lɔ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

/n̠ʲi̯æn¹³ lɒu̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/ni̯ɔŋ¹³ lɤ⁴²⁻¹ t͡sz̩³/


阿娘

/ˀä⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/a²⁴ niɑŋ²⁴/

/aː³³ nœːŋ²¹/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niã²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²⁴/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niã²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²³/

/an⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niã²⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ nie⁵⁵/

/a³³⁻²³ nio⁵⁵/

/a⁵⁵ n̠ʲiã²¹/

/aʔ³³ n̠ʲiã⁴⁴/

/ˀä⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/a²⁴ niɑŋ²⁴/

/aː³³ nœːŋ²¹/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niã²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²⁴/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niã²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²³/

/an⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niã²⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ nie⁵⁵/

/a³³⁻²³ nio⁵⁵/

/a⁵⁵ n̠ʲiã²¹/

/aʔ³³ n̠ʲiã⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niũ²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niɔ̃¹³/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niũ²⁴/

/an⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niũ²⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ nia⁵⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niũ²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niɔ̃¹³/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niũ²⁴/

/an⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niũ²⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ nia⁵⁵/

§ - married; > - mother's elder sister; < - mother's younger sister

(Can we date this quote?), “回鄉的我”, 黃秀清 (lyrics):

After eating all sorts of exotic delicacies, Mom’s food is still more tasty.

Chia̍h phiàn liáu san-tin-hái-bī, iá-sī a-niâ chú ê khah ū chu-bī

吃遍了山珍海味 也是阿娘煮的卡有滋味

吃遍了山珍海味 也是阿娘煮的卡有滋味

(dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Cantonese, Huaining Gan, Xiayang Northern Min, Southern Min, Jinxiang Wu, Chenxi Xiang) mother

Xiayang Northern Min; Chenxi Xiang; Xiayang Northern Min; Chenxi Xiang


妹子

/meɪ̯⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/muːi̯²² t͡siː³⁵/

/moi̯⁵⁵ t͡sɨ³¹/

/mɛ⁵⁵ t͡siɛ²¹/

/me̞i̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/mai̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/meɪ̯⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/muːi̯²² t͡siː³⁵/

/moi̯⁵⁵ t͡sɨ³¹/

/mɛ⁵⁵ t͡siɛ²¹/

/me̞i̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/mai̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/meɪ̯⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/muːi̯²² t͡siː³⁵/

Què shuō Chūnqiū shí, Zhèng guó yǒu yī ge dàfū, jiào zuò Xú Wúfàn. Fùmǔ yǐ wáng, zhǐ yǒu yī tóngbāo mèizi.

卻說春秋時，鄭國有一個大夫，叫做徐吾犯。父母已亡，止有一同胞妹子。

却说春秋时，郑国有一个大夫，叫做徐吾犯。父母已亡，止有一同胞妹子。

(dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Cantonese, Gan, Jin, Northern Min, Wu, Xiang) younger sister

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Hakka, Xiang) young lady; miss


爺娘

/jɛ³⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/jɛː²¹ nœːŋ²¹/

/ia³⁵ n̠ʲiɔŋ²/

/i̯a¹¹ ŋi̯oŋ¹¹/

/ʒa⁵⁵ ŋioŋ⁵⁵/

/ɦia²² n̠ʲiã⁴⁴/

/ɦia²² n̠ʲiã²²/

/i̯a̠¹³ n̠ʲi̯æn¹³/

/jɛ³⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/jɛː²¹ nœːŋ²¹/

/ia³⁵ n̠ʲiɔŋ²/

/i̯a¹¹ ŋi̯oŋ¹¹/

/ʒa⁵⁵ ŋioŋ⁵⁵/

/ɦia²² n̠ʲiã⁴⁴/

/ɦia²² n̠ʲiã²²/

/i̯a̠¹³ n̠ʲi̯æn¹³/

No sound of her parents hailing their girl, just the rumbling waters of the Yellow River.

bù wén yéniáng huàn nǚ shēng, dàn wén Huánghé liúshuǐ míng jiànjiàn

不聞爺娘喚女聲，但聞黃河流水鳴濺濺

不闻爷娘唤女声，但闻黄河流水鸣溅溅

(literary or Gan, Hakka, Xiang, Wu) parents

毋識字怨爺娘，毋會賺錢怨屋場 / 毋识字怨爷娘，毋会赚钱怨屋场

m̀ sṳt-sṳ yen yà-ngiòng, m̀-voi chhon-chhièn yen vuk-chhòng

爺娘想子長江水，子想爺娘擔竿長 / 爷娘想子长江水，子想爷娘担竿长

yà-ngiòng sióng chṳ́ chhòng-kông súi, chṳ́ sióng yà-ngiòng tam-kôn chhòng


大娘

/tä⁵¹ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² nœːŋ²¹/

/ˈtʰo¹¹ n̠ʲiɔŋ³⁵/

/ta⁴⁵ niɒ̃¹¹/

/tua²²⁻²¹ niũ²⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² niũ²⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ niɔ̃¹³/

/d̥ai̯²¹³ n̠ʲi̯an¹¹/

/tä⁵¹ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² nœːŋ²¹/

/ˈtʰo¹¹ n̠ʲiɔŋ³⁵/

/ta⁴⁵ niɒ̃¹¹/

/tua²²⁻²¹ niũ²⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² niũ²⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ niɔ̃¹³/

/d̥ai̯²¹³ n̠ʲi̯an¹¹/


膝頭

/ɕi⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/sɐt̚⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/ɕit̚⁵ tʰɛu²⁴/

/t͡ɕʰit̚¹ tʰeu¹¹/

/ɕi⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/sɐt̚⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/ɕit̚⁵ tʰɛu²⁴/

/t͡ɕʰit̚¹ tʰeu¹¹/

(literary or Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Hainanese, Guangxi Min, Pinghua) knee


媳婦

/ɕi³⁵ fuɻʷ⁵¹/

/ɕi³⁵ fuɻʷ³/

/ɕi²¹ fu²¹³/

/sɪk̚⁵ fuː¹³/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ hu³³/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ hu²²/

/sit̚³²⁻⁵ hu²²/

/ɕi³⁵ fuɻʷ⁵¹/

/ɕi³⁵ fuɻʷ³/

/ɕi²¹ fu²¹³/

/sɪk̚⁵ fuː¹³/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ hu³³/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ hu²²/

/sit̚³²⁻⁵ hu²²/


㔶

㔶被

𱑉被


開刀

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ tou̯⁵⁵/

/hᵘɔi³³ au³³⁻³³⁵/

/kʰoi̯²⁴⁻¹¹ to²⁴/

/kʰui⁵³³⁻¹¹ to⁵³³/

/kʰui⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ to⁵⁴⁴/

/kʰui⁴⁴⁻²² to⁴⁴/

/kʰui⁴⁴⁻³³ to⁴⁴/

/kʰui⁴⁴⁻³³ tɤ⁴⁴/

/kʰe⁴⁴ tɔ⁵³/

/kʰe⁵⁵ tɔ²¹/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ tou̯⁵⁵/

/hᵘɔi³³ au³³⁻³³⁵/

/kʰoi̯²⁴⁻¹¹ to²⁴/

/kʰui⁵³³⁻¹¹ to⁵³³/

/kʰui⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ to⁵⁴⁴/

/kʰui⁴⁴⁻²² to⁴⁴/

/kʰui⁴⁴⁻³³ to⁴⁴/

/kʰui⁴⁴⁻³³ tɤ⁴⁴/

/kʰe⁴⁴ tɔ⁵³/

/kʰe⁵⁵ tɔ²¹/

(Mandarin, Gan, Northern Min, Taiwanese Hokkien, figuratively) to make somebody the first target of attack or punishment (as an example)


貓兒

→ Mongolian: муур (muur)

/mɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ³⁵/

/maːu̯⁵⁵ jiː²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/mau¹¹ əɻ¹¹/

/mɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ³⁵/

/maːu̯⁵⁵ jiː²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/mau¹¹ əɻ¹¹/

/maːu̯⁵⁵ jiː²¹/

/maːu̯⁵⁵ jiː²¹/

1791, chapter 88, in Dream of the Red Chamber, Unicode-range transcription of National Library of China Cheng Jia edition:

Wǒ cái gāng dào hòubian qù jiào dǎzár de tiān méi, zhǐ tīng dé sān jiān kōng wūzi lǐ huālā huālā de xiǎng, wǒ hái dào shì māor hàozi; yòu tīng dé ài de yī shēng, xiàng ge rén chūqìr de shìde.

我纔剛到後邉去呌打雜兒的添煤，只聼得三間空屋子裡嘩喇嘩喇的响，我還道是猫兒耗子；又聽得噯的一聲，像個人出氣兒的是的。

我才刚到后边去叫打杂儿的添煤，只听得三间空屋子里哗喇哗喇的响，我还道是猫儿耗子；又听得嗳的一声，像个人出气儿的是的。

When the cat is gone, the old rat comes out to stretch its loins;—said of young people under strict guardians.

1828, Robert Morrison, Vocabulary of the Canton Dialect, part III, section I

maau¹ ji⁴⁻¹ heoi³ lou⁵ syu² ceot¹ loi⁴ san¹ jiu¹

猫兒去老鼠出來伸腰

猫儿去老鼠出来伸腰

The kitty-cat got a chair for great-aunt

貓兒擔凳姑婆坐

猫儿担凳姑婆坐

1983, “黃金戰士”, 鄭國江 [Cheng Kwok Kong] (lyrics), performed by 胡渭康 [William Hu]:

Flies are scared to death, kitty-cats are too, unbeatable with gadgets all over you

wu¹ jing⁴⁻¹ dou¹ haak³ sei², maau¹ ji⁴⁻¹ dou¹ haak³ sei², zau¹ san¹ gei¹ gwaan¹ liu⁵ bat¹ hei²

烏蠅都嚇死 貓兒都嚇死 周身機關了不起

乌蝇都吓死 猫儿都吓死 周身机关了不起

(Mandarin, Gan, Jin, chiefly used in children's songs in Cantonese) cat


我儂

→ Malay: kita orang, kitorang (calque)

/wɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ nʊŋ³⁵/

/kuaʔ³²⁻⁴ naŋ¹³/

/kuaʔ³²⁻⁴ naŋ²⁴/

/ɡua⁴²⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/ua⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ laŋ²³/

/ua⁴²⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/ŋu²² noŋ⁴⁴/

/ɦu²² noŋ⁴⁴/

/wɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ nʊŋ³⁵/

/kuaʔ³²⁻⁴ naŋ¹³/

/kuaʔ³²⁻⁴ naŋ²⁴/

/ɡua⁴²⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/ua⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ laŋ²³/

/ua⁴²⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/ŋu²² noŋ⁴⁴/

/ɦu²² noŋ⁴⁴/

used without 的; GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

(dialectal, chiefly Wu, Gan, Puxian Min) I; me


細路

/sɐi̯³³ lou̯²²/

/sɐi̯³³ lou̯²²/

(Cantonese, Gan, Hakka) small road; path


姆媽

/m̩⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mã⁵³/

/m̩³³ ma̠³³/

/m̩³³ mä⁴⁴⁵/

/m̩⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mã⁵³/

/m̩³³ ma̠³³/

/m̩³³ mä⁴⁴⁵/

(dialectal, chiefly Gan, Wu, Xiang) mother


伶俐

/lɪŋ²¹ lei̯²²/

/ŋøŋ²¹ ŋɐi²¹⁻³⁵/

/l̃iŋ⁵³⁻²¹ l̃ɛi²⁴²/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² li²²/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ li³³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ li³³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² li⁴¹/

/liɪŋ¹³⁻²² li²²/

/liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li³³/

/liɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ li³³/

/lɪŋ²¹ li³³/

/lɪŋ²¹ lei̯²²/

/ŋøŋ²¹ ŋɐi²¹⁻³⁵/

/l̃iŋ⁵³⁻²¹ l̃ɛi²⁴²/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² li²²/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ li³³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ li³³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² li⁴¹/

/liɪŋ¹³⁻²² li²²/

/liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li³³/

/liɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ li³³/

/lɪŋ²¹ li³³/

(dialectal Cantonese, Hakka, dialectal Gan, Northern Min, Central Min, Shaojiang Min, Hunan Tuhua) clean


星光

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/sen²⁴⁻¹¹ koŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ kuaŋ³³/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/sen²⁴⁻¹¹ koŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ kuaŋ³³/


姑丈

/ku⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/kuː⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ²²⁻³⁵/

/ku²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰoŋ²⁴/

/ku⁵³ t͡ʃʰoŋ⁵³/

/ku⁴⁴ t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ku⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾luɔŋ²⁴²/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tiũ²²/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiũ³³/

/kɔ³³ tiũ²²/

/kɔ³³ tiũ³³/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔ̃²²/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔ̃³³/

/kɔ³³⁻²¹ tiãu²¹/

/kou³³⁻²³ tĩẽ³⁵/

/ku⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/kuː⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ²²⁻³⁵/

/ku²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰoŋ²⁴/

/ku⁵³ t͡ʃʰoŋ⁵³/

/ku⁴⁴ t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ku⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾luɔŋ²⁴²/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tiũ²²/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiũ³³/

/kɔ³³ tiũ²²/

/kɔ³³ tiũ³³/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔ̃²²/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔ̃³³/

/kɔ³³⁻²¹ tiãu²¹/

/kou³³⁻²³ tĩẽ³⁵/


艾葉

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɛ⁵¹/

/ŋaːi̯²² jiːp̚²/

/ˈŋai¹¹ iɛt̚⁵/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɛ⁵¹/

/ŋaːi̯²² jiːp̚²/

/ˈŋai¹¹ iɛt̚⁵/


順手

/ʂu̯ən⁵¹ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂu̯ən⁵¹ ʂɤʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɵn²² sɐu̯³⁵/

/sun²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/sun⁴¹⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴/

/sun²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/sun³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/sun³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu⁴¹/

/zən²² sɤ⁴⁴/

/ʂu̯ən⁵¹ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂu̯ən⁵¹ ʂɤʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɵn²² sɐu̯³⁵/

/sun²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/sun⁴¹⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴/

/sun²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/sun³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/sun³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu⁴¹/

/zən²² sɤ⁴⁴/

(dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Gan, Huizhou, Northern Min, Wu, dialectal Xiang) right hand


衫袖

/ʂän⁵⁵ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/saːm⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯²²/

/ˈsan⁴² t͡ɕʰiu¹¹/

/sam²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi̯u⁵⁵/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕʰiu⁵³/

/ʂän⁵⁵ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/saːm⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯²²/

/ˈsan⁴² t͡ɕʰiu¹¹/

/sam²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi̯u⁵⁵/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕʰiu⁵³/

(Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Huizhou, dialectal Min, dialectal Wu, Xiang) sleeve


班房

/pän⁵⁵ fɑŋ³⁵/

/pän⁵⁵ fɑ̃ɻ³⁵/

/paːn⁵⁵ fɔːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/pan³³ fɔŋ²²⁻²¹⁵/

/pan⁴² fɔŋ³⁵/

/pæ̃¹¹ fɒ̃¹¹/

/paiŋ⁵⁴ pɔŋ²¹/

/pän⁵⁵ fɑŋ³⁵/

/pän⁵⁵ fɑ̃ɻ³⁵/

/paːn⁵⁵ fɔːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/pan³³ fɔŋ²²⁻²¹⁵/

/pan⁴² fɔŋ³⁵/

/pæ̃¹¹ fɒ̃¹¹/

/paiŋ⁵⁴ pɔŋ²¹/

坐班房

進班房／进班房

(Mandarin, Gan, Yudu Hakka, Jin, Northern Min, colloquial) prison; jail; detention cell


滾水

/ku̯ən²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɐn³⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

/kun²⁴⁻³³ ʃui²⁴/

/kuŋ⁵³⁻¹¹ suei⁵³/

/kun⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

/kuŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sui⁵²⁻²¹/

/kuən⁵² sz̩ʷ³³/

/ku̯ən⁴¹ ɕy̯e̞i̯⁴¹/

/ku̯ən²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɐn³⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

/kun²⁴⁻³³ ʃui²⁴/

/kuŋ⁵³⁻¹¹ suei⁵³/

/kun⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

/kuŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sui⁵²⁻²¹/

/kuən⁵² sz̩ʷ³³/

/ku̯ən⁴¹ ɕy̯e̞i̯⁴¹/

(dialectal Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, dialectal Gan, Puxian Min) hot water


我人

/uɛ⁴² neiŋ³³/

/ɡua⁴²⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/ua⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ laŋ²³/

/uɛ⁴² neiŋ³³/

/ɡua⁴²⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/ua⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ laŋ²³/

(dialectal Gan, Huizhou, Northern Min, dialectal Eastern Min, Malaysian and Singapore Hokkien, Leizhou Min, dialectal Wu) we; us


睏覺

/kʰu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/fɐn³³ kaːu̯³³/

/kʷʰɐn³³ kaːu̯³³/

/kʰun²¹³⁻¹³ ˈkau³⁵/

/kʰuən⁴⁴ kɔ³⁴/

/kʰuən⁵⁵ kɔ²¹/

/kʰuən³³ kɔ⁴⁴/

/kʰuən³³ kɔ⁵³/

/kʰuən⁵² kæ¹¹/

/kʰun³⁴ t͡ɕiɔ⁵³/

/kʰu̯ən⁴⁵ kɒu̯⁴⁵/

/kʰu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/fɐn³³ kaːu̯³³/

/kʷʰɐn³³ kaːu̯³³/

/kʰun²¹³⁻¹³ ˈkau³⁵/

/kʰuən⁴⁴ kɔ³⁴/

/kʰuən⁵⁵ kɔ²¹/

/kʰuən³³ kɔ⁴⁴/

/kʰuən³³ kɔ⁵³/

/kʰuən⁵² kæ¹¹/

/kʰun³⁴ t͡ɕiɔ⁵³/

/kʰu̯ən⁴⁵ kɒu̯⁴⁵/

(dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Wu, Xiang, intransitive) to sleep; to go to sleep


洋車

/jɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵/

/jœːŋ²¹ t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵/

/ˈiɔŋ³⁵ t͡sʰa⁴²/

/iɒ̃¹¹ t͡sʰɤ¹¹/

/jɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵/

/jœːŋ²¹ t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵/

/ˈiɔŋ³⁵ t͡sʰa⁴²/

/iɒ̃¹¹ t͡sʰɤ¹¹/

(chiefly Mandarin, Jin, colloquial, dated in Gan) rickshaw (two-wheeled carriage)


屙肚

/ɔː⁵⁵ tʰou̯¹³/

/ŋo⁴² ˈtʰu¹¹/

/o⁴⁴⁻³⁵ tu³¹/

/ɔː⁵⁵ tʰou̯¹³/

/ŋo⁴² ˈtʰu¹¹/

/o⁴⁴⁻³⁵ tu³¹/

(dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Pinghua) to have diarrhea


魚蛋

/jyː²¹ taːn²²⁻³⁵/

/ᵑɡui²² an³²⁻³²⁵/

/jyː²¹ taːn²²⁻³⁵/

/ᵑɡui²² an³²⁻³²⁵/

(Southwestern Mandarin, dialectal Cantonese, dialectal Gan) roe; fish eggs


包粟

/pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ su⁵¹/

/paːu̯⁵⁵ sʊk̚⁵/

/pau⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ɕiʊk̚¹/

/pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ su⁵¹/

/paːu̯⁵⁵ sʊk̚⁵/

/pau⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ɕiʊk̚¹/

(chiefly Cantonese, Gan, Hakka) corn; maize


星仔

/siaŋ⁵³ ə⁵⁵/

/sɛn⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ne³¹/

/siaŋ⁵³ ə⁵⁵/

/sɛn⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ne³¹/

(dialectal Cantonese, dialectal Gan, Hakka) star


屎窟

/siː³⁵ fɐt̚⁵/

/ʃi²⁴⁻³³ vut⁵/

/sz̩⁵³⁻⁵⁵ fut̚¹/

/siː³⁵ fɐt̚⁵/

/ʃi²⁴⁻³³ vut⁵/

/sz̩⁵³⁻⁵⁵ fut̚¹/

屎胐
屎𦜇
屎忽
屎脗
㞓胐
尸胐
屎肳
笥胐
笥窟
屉胐

(Cantonese, Fujian Gan, Hakka, Northern Min, Central Min, Shaojiang Min, Pucheng Wu) buttocks


鼻公

/pʰi⁵⁵ kuŋ²⁴/

/pʰi⁵³ kʊŋ⁴⁴/

/pʰi⁵⁵ kuŋ²⁴/

/pʰi⁵³ kʊŋ⁴⁴/


眼珠

/jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/

/jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂuɻʷ⁵⁵/

/ŋaːn¹³ t͡syː⁵⁵/

/ɡan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴⁴/

/ɡan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡su³³/

/ɡan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴⁴/

/ɡan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴⁴/

/ɡan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴⁴/

/ŋe²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/ŋã̠⁴² t͡ɕy⁴⁴⁻³³/

/ŋan³³ t͡ɕy⁴⁴⁵/

/jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/

/jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂuɻʷ⁵⁵/

/ŋaːn¹³ t͡syː⁵⁵/

/ɡan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴⁴/

/ɡan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡su³³/

/ɡan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴⁴/

/ɡan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴⁴/

/ɡan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴⁴/

/ŋe²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/ŋã̠⁴² t͡ɕy⁴⁴⁻³³/

/ŋan³³ t͡ɕy⁴⁴⁵/

(dialectal, including Gan, Hakka, Huizhou, Waxiang, Xiang) eye


什哩

/sɨt̚⁵ ˈli³⁵/

/ɕit̚⁵ ˈli³⁵/

/sɨt̚⁵ ˈli³⁵/

/ɕit̚⁵ ˈli³⁵/


洋鹼

/jɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/iaŋ²¹ t͡ɕiɛn⁵³/

/iɔŋ³⁵ ˈkan²¹³/

/jɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/iaŋ²¹ t͡ɕiɛn⁵³/

/iɔŋ³⁵ ˈkan²¹³/

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, dialectal Hakka, Pinghua, Xiang, Dexing Huizhou, Shaxian Central Min, Danyang Wu) soap


夜天

/ˈia¹¹ tʰiɛn⁴²/

/ˈia¹¹ tʰiɛn⁴²/


眠夢

/mi̯ɛn³⁵ mɤŋ⁵¹/

/miːn²¹ mʊŋ²²/

/miɛn³⁵ ˈmuŋ¹¹/

/bin¹³⁻²² baŋ²²/

/bin²⁴⁻²¹ baŋ²²/

/bin²⁴⁻¹¹ baŋ³³/

/bin²³⁻³³ baŋ³³/

/bin²⁴⁻²² baŋ⁴¹/

/bin²⁴⁻²² baŋ²²/

/mi̯ɛn³⁵ mɤŋ⁵¹/

/miːn²¹ mʊŋ²²/

/miɛn³⁵ ˈmuŋ¹¹/

/bin¹³⁻²² baŋ²²/

/bin²⁴⁻²¹ baŋ²²/

/bin²⁴⁻¹¹ baŋ³³/

/bin²³⁻³³ baŋ³³/

/bin²⁴⁻²² baŋ⁴¹/

/bin²⁴⁻²² baŋ²²/

bô sî-kan, thang hō͘ góa lâi oàn-thàn, bô sî-kan, thang hō͘ góa lâi bîn-bāng

沒時間 通乎我來怨嘆 沒時間 通乎我來眠夢

没时间 通乎我来怨叹 没时间 通乎我来眠梦

(Gan, Jiangxi Hakka, Hokkien, Northern Min, Jinhua Wu) to dream


丈人公

dieo⁵ nang² gorng¹ [Phonetic:dieo⁵ nang⁵ gorng¹]

/tieu¹¹ naŋ¹³⁻¹¹ kɒŋ⁵³³/

diunn⁵ nang² gorng¹ [Phonetic:diunn⁵ nang⁵ gorng¹]

/tĩũ²¹ naŋ²⁴⁻²¹ kɒŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/tiũ²²⁻²¹ laŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tiũ³³⁻²¹ laŋ²³⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tiũ³³⁻¹¹ laŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tiũ²² laŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ³³/

/tiɔ̃²¹⁻⁵³ laŋ¹³⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tieu¹¹ naŋ¹³⁻¹¹ kɒŋ⁵³³/

/tĩũ²¹ naŋ²⁴⁻²¹ kɒŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/tiũ²²⁻²¹ laŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tiũ³³⁻²¹ laŋ²³⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tiũ³³⁻¹¹ laŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tiũ²² laŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ³³/

/tiɔ̃²¹⁻⁵³ laŋ¹³⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

(Gan; Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou and Chaoyang Hokkien; Puxian Min; Shaojiang Min; Loudi Xiang) father-in-law (wife's father)


籠床

→ Thai: ซึ้ง (sʉ́ng) (via Teochew)

/luŋ³⁵ t͡sʰɔŋ²/

/luŋ¹¹ t͡sʰoŋ¹¹/

/luŋ¹¹ t͡sʰuɒ̃¹¹/

/laŋ²³⁻³³ sŋ̍²³/

/laŋ¹³⁻²² sŋ̍¹³/

/laŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ sŋ̍²⁴/

/laŋ²⁴⁻²² sŋ̍²⁴/

/leŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sɯŋ⁵⁵/

/luŋ³⁵ t͡sʰɔŋ²/

/luŋ¹¹ t͡sʰoŋ¹¹/

/luŋ¹¹ t͡sʰuɒ̃¹¹/

/laŋ²³⁻³³ sŋ̍²³/

/laŋ¹³⁻²² sŋ̍¹³/

/laŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ sŋ̍²⁴/

/laŋ²⁴⁻²² sŋ̍²⁴/

/leŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sɯŋ⁵⁵/

(Gan, Jin, Hakka, Huizhou, Southern Min) steamer basket (usually round) (Classifier: 個／个 mn mn-t)


贏利

/jɪŋ²¹ lei̯²²/

/jɪŋ²¹ lei̯²²/

(Gan, Xiang) Used with 不 or 得 to express capability.


大拇指頭

ㄉㄚˋ ㄇㄨˇ ㄓˇ ˙ㄊㄡ

ㄉㄚˋ ㄇㄨˇ ㄓˇ ˙ㄊㄡ

/tä⁵¹ mu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴ tʰoʊ̯⁴/

/ta⁴⁵ məʔ⁴ t͡səʔ² tʰəu¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/ta⁴⁵ mu⁵³ t͡səʔ² tʰəu¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/tä⁵¹ mu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴ tʰoʊ̯⁴/

/ta⁴⁵ məʔ⁴ t͡səʔ² tʰəu¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/ta⁴⁵ mu⁵³ t͡səʔ² tʰəu¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

(Mandarin, Gan, Jin, Danyang Wu, colloquial) thumb


狗公

/kɐu̯³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kiɛu²¹³⁻¹³ kuŋ⁴²/

/kau⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁵³³/

/kau³³²⁻²¹ kaŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/kau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kaŋ³³/

/kau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/kau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/kau⁵³⁻⁵⁵ kaŋ⁵⁵/

/kau⁵⁴⁻²⁴ keŋ³³/

/kau³¹⁻⁵⁵ kaŋ³⁵/

/kɐu̯³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kiɛu²¹³⁻¹³ kuŋ⁴²/

/kau⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁵³³/

/kau³³²⁻²¹ kaŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/kau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kaŋ³³/

/kau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/kau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/kau⁵³⁻⁵⁵ kaŋ⁵⁵/

/kau⁵⁴⁻²⁴ keŋ³³/

/kau³¹⁻⁵⁵ kaŋ³⁵/

(Cantonese, Gan, Southern Min, Puxian Min) male dog


凍子

/taŋ²¹⁻⁵³ t͡si⁵³/

/taŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡si⁵⁵⁴/

/taŋ²¹⁻⁵³ t͡si⁵³/

/taŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡si⁵³/

/taŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡si⁴¹/

/taŋ²¹⁻⁵³ t͡si⁵³/

/taŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡si⁵⁵⁴/

/taŋ²¹⁻⁵³ t͡si⁵³/

/taŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡si⁵³/

/taŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡si⁴¹/

(Gan) jelly made from coagulated soup (usually fish soup)


做得

/t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹ d̥ə¹/

/t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹ d̥ə¹/

So that we may boldly say, The Lord is my helper, and I will not fear what man shall do unto me.

現代臺灣客語譯本 (Today's Taiwan Hakka Version), 希伯來書 (Hebrews) 13:6

Só-yî, ngài-têu cho-tet thai-tám kóng: Chú he ngài ke pông-chhu, ngài m̀-sṳ́ kiâng; ngìn nèn tui ngài ngióng-pân nâ?

所以，𠊎等做得大膽講：主係𠊎个幫助，𠊎毋使驚；人能對𠊎樣般哪？

所以，𠊎等做得大胆讲：主系𠊎个帮助，𠊎毋使惊；人能对𠊎样般哪？


下底

à)-dā̤ / â-dā̤

/haː²² tɐi̯³⁵/

à)-dā̤ / â-dā̤

/a²⁴²⁻³³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɛ³³/

/a²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɛ³³/

/e²²⁻²¹ tue⁵³/

/e³³⁻¹¹ tue⁵³/

/e³³⁻²² tue⁵⁵⁴/

/ɛ²²⁻²¹ te⁵³/

/e³³⁻²¹ te⁴¹/

/e³⁵⁻¹¹ toi⁵²/

/haː²² tɐi̯³⁵/

/a²⁴²⁻³³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɛ³³/

/a²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɛ³³/

/e²²⁻²¹ tue⁵³/

/e³³⁻¹¹ tue⁵³/

/e³³⁻²² tue⁵⁵⁴/

/ɛ²²⁻²¹ te⁵³/

/e³³⁻²¹ te⁴¹/

/e³⁵⁻¹¹ toi⁵²/

(Cantonese, Gan, Min, Wu) area below; underneath


快菜

/ˈkʰuai²¹³⁻²⁴ t͡sʰai²¹³/

/kʰu̯ai̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰoi̯⁵⁵/

/kʰuaɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰoɪ⁵³/

/ˈkʰuai²¹³⁻²⁴ t͡sʰai²¹³/

/kʰu̯ai̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰoi̯⁵⁵/

/kʰuaɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰoɪ⁵³/

Sailors' euphemism for 韭菜. Due to homophony of 韭 and 久 (“long (time)”), 韭 is replaced with 快 (“fast; quick”). Compare 筷子 (kuàizi, “chopsticks”).

Allium tuberosum
Allium tuberosum#Translingual

(dialectal Cantonese, Hakka, dated in Gan, euphemistic) Chinese leek; Chinese chives (Allium tuberosum)


田塍

/tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/ˈtʰiɛn²⁴ sɨn³⁵/

/t͡sʰɛiŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^((Ø-))ŋiŋ⁵³/

/ti̯ẽ¹³ sən¹³/

/tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/ˈtʰiɛn²⁴ sɨn³⁵/

/t͡sʰɛiŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^((Ø-))ŋiŋ⁵³/

/ti̯ẽ¹³ sən¹³/

(literary or Gan, dialectal Hakka, Eastern Min, Xiang) dyke


家婆

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡ɕia⁵⁵ pʰo²¹/

/kaː⁵⁵ pʰɔː²¹⁻³⁵/

/ka³³ pʰᵘɔ²²⁻²²⁵/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ pɤ²³/

/ke⁴⁴⁻²² po²⁴/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ po²⁴/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² po¹³/

/kʰe³³⁻²³ po⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡ɕia⁵⁵ pʰo²¹/

/kaː⁵⁵ pʰɔː²¹⁻³⁵/

/ka³³ pʰᵘɔ²²⁻²²⁵/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ pɤ²³/

/ke⁴⁴⁻²² po²⁴/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ po²⁴/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² po¹³/

/kʰe³³⁻²³ po⁵⁵/

maternal grandmother
maternal grandmother

(Southwestern Mandarin, including Sichuanese; Jianghuai Mandarin; dialectal Gan; Wu; Xiang) maternal grandmother

(Southwestern Mandarin, including Chongqing Sichuanese and Guangxi Mandarin; Singapore Mandarin; Cantonese; dialectal Hakka; Gan; Leizhou Min; Hainanese) mother-in-law (husband's mother)


財神

/t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵ ʂən³⁵/

/t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵ ʂən³/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹ sɐn²¹/

/t͡sʰai⁵⁵⁻¹¹ siŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰai⁵⁵⁻¹¹ seŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵ ʂən³⁵/

/t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵ ʂən³/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹ sɐn²¹/

/t͡sʰai⁵⁵⁻¹¹ siŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰai⁵⁵⁻¹¹ seŋ⁵⁵/


屙尿

/ˀɤ⁵⁵ ni̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/ɔː⁵⁵ niːu̯²²/

/ᵘɔ³³ ⁿdiau³²/

/ŋo⁴² n̠ʲiɛu¹¹/

/o²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi̯au̯⁵⁵/

/o⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋiau⁵³/

/o³³ n̠ʲi̯ɒu̯²¹⁻¹¹/

/ˀɤ⁵⁵ ni̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/ɔː⁵⁵ niːu̯²²/

/ᵘɔ³³ ⁿdiau³²/

/ŋo⁴² n̠ʲiɛu¹¹/

/o²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi̯au̯⁵⁵/

/o⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋiau⁵³/

/o³³ n̠ʲi̯ɒu̯²¹⁻¹¹/

(chiefly Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, dialectal Mandarin, Xiang) to urinate


賺頭

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯¹/

/t͡saːn²² tʰɐu̯²¹/

/t͡suan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰau²⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯¹/

/t͡saːn²² tʰɐu̯²¹/

/t͡suan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰau²⁴/

(dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Gan, Wu) tongue (especially of an animal)


拖板

/tʰɔː⁵⁵ paːn³⁵/

/tʰɔː⁵⁵ paːn³⁵/


爹爹

/ti̯ɛ⁵⁵ d̥i̯ɛ²/

/tɛː⁵⁵ tɛː⁵⁵/

/ti̯e̞⁴⁴⁵ ti̯e̞⁴⁴⁵/

/ti̯ɛ⁵⁵ d̥i̯ɛ²/

/tɛː⁵⁵ tɛː⁵⁵/

/ti̯e̞⁴⁴⁵ ti̯e̞⁴⁴⁵/

/tiɛ⁵⁴ tiɛ⁵⁴/

/ti̯ɛ⁵⁵ d̥i̯ɛ²/

/tiɛ⁵⁴ tiɛ⁵⁴/

(dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Gan, dialectal Hakka, Northern Min, dialectal Wu, Xiang) paternal grandfather


阿公

→ Amis: akong

→ English: Ah Kong

→ Yilan Creole: akong

/ˀä⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/aː³³ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/a²⁴⁻¹¹ kuŋ²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ koŋ³³/

/aʔ³³ koŋ⁴⁴/

/ä⁴⁴⁵ kɤŋ⁴⁴⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/aː³³ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/a²⁴⁻¹¹ kuŋ²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ koŋ³³/

/aʔ³³ koŋ⁴⁴/

/ä⁴⁴⁵ kɤŋ⁴⁴⁵/

(dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Wu, Gan, Southern Min, Southern Sixian Hakka) maternal grandfather


阿婆

→ Macanese: apó

/ˀä⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/aː³³ pʰɔː²¹/

/a³³ pʰᵘɔ²²/

/ŋa⁴² ˈpʰo²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³⁵ pʰo¹¹/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² po¹³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² po²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ pɤ²³/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ po²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² po⁴⁴/

/ˀä⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/aː³³ pʰɔː²¹/

/a³³ pʰᵘɔ²²/

/ŋa⁴² ˈpʰo²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³⁵ pʰo¹¹/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² po¹³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² po²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ pɤ²³/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ po²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² po⁴⁴/

Most of the terms are only used for female midwives.

(Southwestern Mandarin, Cantonese, Gan, dialectal Wu, Pinghua) maternal grandmother


老弟

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹/

/lou̯¹³ tɐi̯²²/

/lau²¹³⁻²¹ tʰi¹/

/lo²⁴⁻³³ tʰai⁵³/

/lɒu̯⁴¹ ti²¹⁻¹¹/

/lɑʊ̯³³ ti³²⁴⁻³¹/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹/

/lou̯¹³ tɐi̯²²/

/lau²¹³⁻²¹ tʰi¹/

/lo²⁴⁻³³ tʰai⁵³/

/lɒu̯⁴¹ ti²¹⁻¹¹/

/lɑʊ̯³³ ti³²⁴⁻³¹/

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Hakka, Hainanese, Leizhou Min, Pinghua, Xiang) younger brother


側邊

/t͡sʰɤ⁵¹ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/t͡sɛ²¹ piɛn⁵⁵/

/ˈt͡sɛt̚⁵ piɛn⁴²/

/t͡sɤ̞²⁴ pi̯ẽ³³/

/t͡sʰɤ⁵¹ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/t͡sɛ²¹ piɛn⁵⁵/

/ˈt͡sɛt̚⁵ piɛn⁴²/

/t͡sɤ̞²⁴ pi̯ẽ³³/

佢側邊有隻狗仔。

佢侧边有只狗仔。

(dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Zhongshan Min, Xiang, Hunan Tuhua) side


橫順

This woman is firstly hard to deal with; she doesn't speak reasonably anyhow.

1978, 沙汀 (Sha Ting) et al., 《四川十人短篇小说选》, page 248

Ze⁴ nyu³ ren² di⁴ yi² nan² ze³, hun² sun⁴ bu² jiang³ dao⁴ ni³.

這女人第一難惹，橫順不講道理。

这女人第一难惹，横顺不讲道理。

These few years, the “Gang of Four” was up there to support him. Anyhow, play some tricks to cheer for him.

Na⁴ ji³ nyian² you³ “si⁴ ren² bang¹” zai⁴ sang⁴ tou² ge¹ ta¹ dang¹ hou⁴ tai², hun² sun⁴ bian⁴ xi¹ hua¹ yang⁴ cu² nai² wei⁴ ta¹ da³ qi⁴ ma².

那幾年有「四人幫」在上頭給他當後臺，橫順變些花樣出來為他打氣嘛。

那几年有「四人帮」在上头给他当后台，横顺变些花样出来为他打气嘛。

He keeps following me no matter what, and I can't do anything about it.

Ta¹ hun² sun⁴ yao⁴ gen¹ dao³ ngo³ zou³, ngo³ ye³ mo² de²⁻¹ ban⁴ fa²

他橫順要跟倒我走，我也莫得辦法

他横顺要跟倒我走，我也莫得办法

(Southwestern Mandarin, including Sichuanese; dialectal Gan) anyhow; at any rate; no matter what


瓢羹

/pʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ kɤŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ kɤ̃ɻ⁵⁵/

/ˈpʰiɛu²⁴ kiɛn⁴²/

/pʰieu⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βɛiŋ⁵⁵/

/pi̯ɒu̯¹³ kən³³/

/pʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ kɤŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ kɤ̃ɻ⁵⁵/

/ˈpʰiɛu²⁴ kiɛn⁴²/

/pʰieu⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βɛiŋ⁵⁵/

/pi̯ɒu̯¹³ kən³³/

(Southwestern Mandarin, Gan, Hui, Eastern Min, dialectal Wu, Xiang) spoon


叔婆

/ʂu⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/ʂu³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/sʊk̚⁵ pʰɔː²¹/

/ˈsuʔ⁵ pʰo²⁴/

/sʊk̚¹ pʰo¹¹/

/ʂu⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/ʂu³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/sʊk̚⁵ pʰɔː²¹/

/ˈsuʔ⁵ pʰo²⁴/

/sʊk̚¹ pʰo¹¹/

paternal grandfather
paternal grandfather#English

(dialectal, including Sichuanese, Cantonese, Gan, Hakka) great-aunt (wife of paternal grandfather's younger brother)


磕膝頭

/kʰɛ²¹ ɕi²¹⁻⁵⁵ tʰəu²¹/

/kʰɛ²¹ ɕi²¹⁻⁵⁵ tʰəu²¹/

(dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Xiang, Boyang Gan, Xichang Mandarin Hakka) knee


灶屋

/t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹ u⁵⁵/

/t͡sɒu̯⁴⁵ u²⁴/

/t͡sɑʊ̯³²⁴ u²²/

/t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹ u⁵⁵/

/t͡sɒu̯⁴⁵ u²⁴/

/t͡sɑʊ̯³²⁴ u²²/

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Xiang, Shadi Wu, Northern Pinghua) kitchen


頭一

/tʰoʊ̯³⁵ i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹/

/tʰɐu̯²¹ jɐt̚⁵/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²² t͡sit̚⁴/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²² t͡sit̚²⁴/

/tʰau¹³⁻²² t͡sit̚¹²¹/

/tʰau²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sit̚⁴/

/tʰau²³⁻³³ t͡sit̚⁴/

/tʰau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sek̚⁴/

/tʰoʊ̯³⁵ i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹/

/tʰɐu̯²¹ jɐt̚⁵/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²² t͡sit̚⁴/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²² t͡sit̚²⁴/

/tʰau¹³⁻²² t͡sit̚¹²¹/

/tʰau²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sit̚⁴/

/tʰau²³⁻³³ t͡sit̚⁴/

/tʰau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sek̚⁴/

/tʰɛu²⁴ it̚²/

/tʰɛu²⁴ it̚²/


雷公

/leɪ̯³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/lɵy̯²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/lui²² kɵŋ³³/

/lui⁴² kʊŋ³³/

/luɪ¹¹ kʊŋ⁴⁴/

/so³³ kɔŋ⁵⁴/

/l̃ai⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾uŋ⁵⁵/

/lui¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɒŋ⁵³³/

/lui²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɒŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/lui²³⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lui²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lui²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ³³/

/lui¹³⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lui²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lui⁵⁵⁻¹¹ koŋ³³/

/leɪ̯³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/lɵy̯²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/lui²² kɵŋ³³/

/lui⁴² kʊŋ³³/

/luɪ¹¹ kʊŋ⁴⁴/

/so³³ kɔŋ⁵⁴/

/l̃ai⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾uŋ⁵⁵/

/lui¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɒŋ⁵³³/

/lui²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɒŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/lui²³⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lui²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lui²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ³³/

/lui¹³⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lui²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lui⁵⁵⁻¹¹ koŋ³³/

(dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Southern Min, Pinghua, Shehua, dialectal Wu, dialectal Xiang) thunder


牛子

/ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nʲiəu²¹ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/ŋɐu̯²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/ŋi̯u¹¹ t͡sɨ³¹/

/ŋiu⁵⁵ t͡sɨ²⁴/

/ɡu²³⁻³³ t͡si⁴¹/

/ɡu²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡si⁵³/

/ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nʲiəu²¹ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/ŋɐu̯²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/ŋi̯u¹¹ t͡sɨ³¹/

/ŋiu⁵⁵ t͡sɨ²⁴/

/ɡu²³⁻³³ t͡si⁴¹/

/ɡu²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡si⁵³/

(dialectal Gan, Hakka, Northern Min, dialectal Wu) calf


橫直

/xɤŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/uaŋ³⁵ t͡sʰɨt̚²/

/huaŋ⁵³⁻³³ tiʔ⁵/

/huãi²⁴⁻³³ tit̚⁴/

/huãi²⁴⁻²¹ tit̚⁴³/

/huãi²³⁻³³ tit̚⁴/

/huãi²⁴⁻²² tit̚⁴/

/huĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ tit̚⁴/

/huĩ²⁴⁻²¹ tit̚⁴³/

/huĩ²⁴⁻²² tit̚²⁴/

/huã¹³⁻²² tit̚¹²¹/

/ɸən¹³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/

/ɸən¹³ t͡sz̩²⁴/

/xɤŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/uaŋ³⁵ t͡sʰɨt̚²/

/huaŋ⁵³⁻³³ tiʔ⁵/

/huãi²⁴⁻³³ tit̚⁴/

/huãi²⁴⁻²¹ tit̚⁴³/

/huãi²³⁻³³ tit̚⁴/

/huãi²⁴⁻²² tit̚⁴/

/huĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ tit̚⁴/

/huĩ²⁴⁻²¹ tit̚⁴³/

/huĩ²⁴⁻²² tit̚²⁴/

/huã¹³⁻²² tit̚¹²¹/

/ɸən¹³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/

/ɸən¹³ t͡sz̩²⁴/

2016, “半醉人生”performed by 蔡秋鳳 [Kerris Tsai]:

If you are not afraid of death, then go all out, since you have one life regardless of whether you win or lose.

M̄ kiaⁿ-sí, tiō kah i piàⁿ, hûiⁿ-ti̍t su-iâⁿ chi̍t tiâu miā

不怕死，就甲伊拼，橫直輸贏一條命

不怕死，就甲伊拼，横直输赢一条命

(dialectal Mandarin, including Beijing and Wuhan Mandarin; Gan; Hakka; Min; Hunan Tuhua; Xiang; Wenzhounese) anyway; in any case; regardless


法場

/fä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/faːt̚³ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/

/ˈfat̚⁵ t͡sʰɔŋ²¹³/

/fap⁵⁻² t͡ʃʰoŋ⁵⁵/

/haʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ tyɒŋ¹³/

/haʔ²⁻⁴ tyøŋ²⁴/

/huat̚⁵⁻²⁴ tiũ²⁴/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ tiũ²³/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ tiũ²⁴/

/huat̚³²⁻⁵ tiɔ̃¹³/

/fä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/faːt̚³ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/

/ˈfat̚⁵ t͡sʰɔŋ²¹³/

/fap⁵⁻² t͡ʃʰoŋ⁵⁵/

/haʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ tyɒŋ¹³/

/haʔ²⁻⁴ tyøŋ²⁴/

/huat̚⁵⁻²⁴ tiũ²⁴/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ tiũ²³/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ tiũ²⁴/

/huat̚³²⁻⁵ tiɔ̃¹³/


環子

/xu̯än³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/xu̯än³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, dialectal Wu, Xiang) earring


茅坑

/mɑʊ̯³⁵ kʰɤŋ⁵⁵/

/mɑʊ̯³⁵ kʰɤ̃ɻ⁵⁵/

/maːu̯²¹ haːŋ⁵⁵/

/mɔ²² kʰã⁴⁴/

/mæ²² kʰã³³/

/mɑʊ̯³⁵ kʰɤŋ⁵⁵/

/mɑʊ̯³⁵ kʰɤ̃ɻ⁵⁵/

/maːu̯²¹ haːŋ⁵⁵/

/mɔ²² kʰã⁴⁴/

/mæ²² kʰã³³/

(dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Gan, Wu) toilet; latrine; outhouse


要得

/jɑʊ̯⁵¹ tɤ³⁵/

/jɑʊ̯⁵¹ d̥ə¹/

/iau²¹³ tɛ²¹/

/jiːu̯³³ tɐk̚⁵/

/iɛu³⁵ tɛt̚²/

/i̯ɒu̯⁴⁵ tɤ̞²⁴/

/jɑʊ̯⁵¹ tɤ³⁵/

/jɑʊ̯⁵¹ d̥ə¹/

/iau²¹³ tɛ²¹/

/jiːu̯³³ tɐk̚⁵/

/iɛu³⁵ tɛt̚²/

/i̯ɒu̯⁴⁵ tɤ̞²⁴/

(dialectal, including Southwestern Mandarin, Gan, Xiang) good; okay; fine; not bad


扯霍閃

/t͡sʰɛ⁵³ xo²¹ san⁵³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤ̞⁴¹ xo²⁴ ʂə̃⁴¹/

/t͡sʰɤ̞⁴¹ xo²⁴ sə̃⁴¹/

/t͡sʰɛ⁵³ xo²¹ san⁵³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤ̞⁴¹ xo²⁴ ʂə̃⁴¹/

/t͡sʰɤ̞⁴¹ xo²⁴ sə̃⁴¹/

(Central Plains and Southwestern Mandarin, dialectal Gan, dialectal Hakka, Xiang) to have lightning


扯霍

/t͡sʰɛ⁵³ xo²¹/

/t͡sʰɛ⁵³ xo²¹/

(Jianghuai and Southwestern Mandarin, dialectal Gan) to have lightning


霍閃

霍闪
豁閃
霍顯
霍險
霍險
忽閃

/xu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʂän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hoʔ³³ ɕi⁴⁴/

/hoʔ⁵⁵ ɕɪ⁵¹/

/hoʔ⁵⁵ ɕɪ⁴²/

/huoʔ³³ szʷõ⁵³/

/xo²⁴ ʂə̃⁴¹/

/xo²⁴ sə̃⁴¹/

/xu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʂän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hoʔ³³ ɕi⁴⁴/

/hoʔ⁵⁵ ɕɪ⁵¹/

/hoʔ⁵⁵ ɕɪ⁴²/

/huoʔ³³ szʷõ⁵³/

/xo²⁴ ʂə̃⁴¹/

/xo²⁴ sə̃⁴¹/

(literary or dialectal, including Beijing, Jilu, Central Plains, Jianghuai and Southwestern Mandarin, Gan, Jin, Wu) lightning; flash of lightning


雞婆

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ pʰo²¹/

/kɐi̯⁵⁵ pʰɔː²¹/

/t͡ɕi⁴² ˈpʰo²⁴/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ pɤ²³/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ po²⁴/

/ke⁴⁴⁻²² po²⁴/

/kue⁴⁴⁻³³ po²⁴/

/t͡ɕi³³ bɤɯ³³/

/t͡ɕi³³ po¹³/

/t͡ɕi⁴⁴⁵ b̥o¹¹/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ pʰo²¹/

/kɐi̯⁵⁵ pʰɔː²¹/

/t͡ɕi⁴² ˈpʰo²⁴/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ pɤ²³/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ po²⁴/

/ke⁴⁴⁻²² po²⁴/

/kue⁴⁴⁻³³ po²⁴/

/t͡ɕi³³ bɤɯ³³/

/t͡ɕi³³ po¹³/

/t͡ɕi⁴⁴⁵ b̥o¹¹/

(Central Plains, Jianghuai and Southwestern Mandarin, dialectal Cantonese, Gan, dialectal Hakka, Hui, dialectal Wu, Xiang) hen


蕩街

/tɔːŋ²² kaːi̯⁵⁵/

/tʰɔŋ¹¹ ˈkai⁴²/

/tɔːŋ²² kaːi̯⁵⁵/

/tʰɔŋ¹¹ ˈkai⁴²/

(Cantonese, Gan, Wu) to stroll around the street


水筆

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂu̯əɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɵy̯³⁵ pɐt̚⁵/

/ʃui²⁴⁻³³ pit⁵/

/t͡sui⁴⁵³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾iʔ²¹/

/t͡sui³³²⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βiʔ²/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pit̚³²/

/t͡sui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pit̚⁵/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pit̚³²/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pit̚³²/

/t͡sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pit̚³²/

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂu̯əɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɵy̯³⁵ pɐt̚⁵/

/ʃui²⁴⁻³³ pit⁵/

/t͡sui⁴⁵³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾iʔ²¹/

/t͡sui³³²⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βiʔ²/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pit̚³²/

/t͡sui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pit̚⁵/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pit̚³²/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pit̚³²/

/t͡sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pit̚³²/

(dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Gan, dialectal Hakka, Jin, Pinghua, Quanzhou Hokkien, Hainanese, Leizhou Min, Xiang) fountain pen


伯娘

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/pɛ²¹ nʲiaŋ²¹/

/paːk̚³ nœːŋ²¹/

/pɛ²⁴ nøŋ²¹/

/paʔ⁵ ˈn̠ʲiɔŋ³⁵/

/pi³³ niɐŋ²¹/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/pɛ²¹ nʲiaŋ²¹/

/paːk̚³ nœːŋ²¹/

/pɛ²⁴ nøŋ²¹/

/paʔ⁵ ˈn̠ʲiɔŋ³⁵/

/pi³³ niɐŋ²¹/

(dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Gan, dialectal Hakka, dialectal Jin, Pinghua, dialectal Xiang) paternal aunt (wife of father's elder brother)


阿姆

→ English: Ah Mm

/ˀä⁵⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/a²⁴⁻¹¹ me²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ m̩⁵³/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ m̩⁴¹/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² m̩⁴²/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² m̩⁵³/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ m̩⁵⁵⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ m⁵²/

/ˀä⁵⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/a²⁴⁻¹¹ me²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ m̩⁵³/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ m̩⁴¹/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² m̩⁴²/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² m̩⁵³/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ m̩⁵⁵⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ m⁵²/

(dialectal Cantonese, dialectal Gan, Hakka, Chaoyang Teochew, dialectal Wu) mother


招財

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵/

In order to avoid the homophony between 舌 (“tongue”) and 折 (“to lose one's capital”).

(Southwestern Mandarin, Gan, euphemistic) animal tongue (as food)


乾塘

/kɔːn⁵⁵ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/kɔːn⁵⁵ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

(Cantonese, dialectal Gan, dialectal Hakka) to dry up a pond


毫子

/xɑʊ̯³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/hau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡si⁵²/

/xɒu̯¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/xɑʊ̯³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/hau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡si⁵²/

/xɒu̯¹³ t͡sz̩³/

(Southwestern Mandarin, Gan, Hakka, Teochew, Xiang) coin (of small value)


當晝

/tʰɔŋ⁴² ˈt͡ɕiu³⁵/

/toŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵⁵/

/toŋ⁵³ t͡ʃiu¹¹/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡su⁵³/

/tɔŋ⁵⁴ te³³/

/tŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² tau²¹/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tau²¹/

/tɯŋ³³⁻²³ tau²¹³/

/tʰɔŋ⁴² ˈt͡ɕiu³⁵/

/toŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵⁵/

/toŋ⁵³ t͡ʃiu¹¹/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡su⁵³/

/tɔŋ⁵⁴ te³³/

/tŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² tau²¹/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tau²¹/

/tɯŋ³³⁻²³ tau²¹³/

(Gan, Hakka, Northern Min, Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien, Chaozhou Teochew and Chenghai Teochew, Longyan Min) noon; midday


過早

/ku̯ɔ⁵¹ t͡sɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɔː³³ t͡sou̯³⁵/

/kue²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sa⁵³/

/ke²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sa⁵³/

/kue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sa⁵⁵⁴/

/ke⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sa⁵⁵⁴/

/kue²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sa⁵³/

/ke²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sa⁵³/

/kue¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sa⁵³/

/ke¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sa⁵³/

/kue²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sa⁴¹/

/ke²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sa⁴¹/

/ku̯ɔ⁵¹ t͡sɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɔː³³ t͡sou̯³⁵/

/kue²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sa⁵³/

/ke²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sa⁵³/

/kue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sa⁵⁵⁴/

/ke⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sa⁵⁵⁴/

/kue²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sa⁵³/

/ke²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sa⁵³/

/kue¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sa⁵³/

/ke¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sa⁵³/

/kue²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sa⁴¹/

/ke²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sa⁴¹/

/ku̯ɔ⁵¹ t͡sɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(dialectal, including Wuhan Mandarin, Gan) to have breakfast


吃茶

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵/

/t͡sʰz̩²¹ t͡sʰa²¹/

/hɛːk̚³ t͡sʰaː²¹/

/t͡ɕʰiaʔ⁵ ˈt͡sʰa²⁴/

/t͡ɕʰiɪʔ⁴⁴ zo²³/

/t͡ɕʰiɪʔ⁴³ zo²²³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯a̠²⁴ t͡sa̠¹³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ä²² d̥͡z̥ä¹¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵/

/t͡sʰz̩²¹ t͡sʰa²¹/

/hɛːk̚³ t͡sʰaː²¹/

/t͡ɕʰiaʔ⁵ ˈt͡sʰa²⁴/

/t͡ɕʰiɪʔ⁴⁴ zo²³/

/t͡ɕʰiɪʔ⁴³ zo²²³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯a̠²⁴ t͡sa̠¹³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ä²² d̥͡z̥ä¹¹/

(Gan, Wu, Hengyang Xiang) to drink boiled water


蜈蚣蟲

/vu²¹ koŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰoŋ²¹/

/u³⁵ kuŋ⁴² t͡sʰuŋ²⁴/

/ŋ̍³¹ kuŋ²⁴ t͡sʰuŋ¹¹/

/ŋ⁵⁵ kuŋ⁵³ t͡ʃʰuŋ⁵⁵/

/n̩¹¹ kʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ¹¹/

/u¹³ kʊŋ³³ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ¹³/

/u¹³ kən³³ t͡sʰən¹³/

/vu²¹ koŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰoŋ²¹/

/u³⁵ kuŋ⁴² t͡sʰuŋ²⁴/

/ŋ̍³¹ kuŋ²⁴ t͡sʰuŋ¹¹/

/ŋ⁵⁵ kuŋ⁵³ t͡ʃʰuŋ⁵⁵/

/n̩¹¹ kʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ¹¹/

/u¹³ kʊŋ³³ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ¹³/

/u¹³ kən³³ t͡sʰən¹³/

(Southwestern Mandarin, Hakka, Gan, Xiang) centipede


屎片

/siː³⁵ pʰiːn³³⁻³⁵/

/sz̩³¹ pʰiɛn³¹/

/siː³⁵ pʰiːn³³⁻³⁵/

/sz̩³¹ pʰiɛn³¹/

(Cantonese, Hakka, dialectal Gan, Pinghua) diaper


正月半

/t͡saŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi̯et̚⁵ pan⁵⁵/

/t͡saŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi̯at̚⁵ pan⁵⁵/

/t͡siã⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ puã²¹/

/t͡siã⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ puã¹¹/

/t͡sã¹¹ ɡue³²⁻²¹ puã²¹³/

/t͡sən⁵⁵ ɦyɪʔ³³ pø²¹/

/t͡sən⁵⁵ n̠ʲyɪʔ³³ pø²¹/

/t͡sən⁵² ŋəʔ¹¹ pø/

/t͡saŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi̯et̚⁵ pan⁵⁵/

/t͡saŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi̯at̚⁵ pan⁵⁵/

/t͡siã⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ puã²¹/

/t͡siã⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ puã¹¹/

/t͡sã¹¹ ɡue³²⁻²¹ puã²¹³/

/t͡sən⁵⁵ ɦyɪʔ³³ pø²¹/

/t͡sən⁵⁵ n̠ʲyɪʔ³³ pø²¹/

/t͡sən⁵² ŋəʔ¹¹ pø/

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Hakka, Southern Min, Wu) Lantern Festival; fifteenth day of the first lunar month


子子

/t͡sz̩²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sz̩¹/

/t͡sɨ³¹ t͡sɨ³¹/

/t͡sz̩³³ t͡sz̩³³/

/t͡sz̩²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sz̩¹/

/t͡sɨ³¹ t͡sɨ³¹/

/t͡sz̩³³ t͡sz̩³³/

(Gan) small bump, lump or swelling on the skin


做月

/t͡sa³³ ŋyɛ⁴²/

/t͡sa³³ ŋyɛ⁴²/

(Hakka, Northern Min, dialectal Cantonese, dialectal Gan) to go through yuezi, the traditional Chinese form of postpartum recovery that lasts for one month after childbirth, sometimes referred to in English as confinement or lying-in


飲湯

/jɐm³⁵ tʰɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/jɐm³⁵ tʰɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ˈin²¹³⁻¹³ tʰɔŋ⁴²/

/aŋ³³⁻²¹ tʰouŋ⁵⁵/

/am⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰŋ̍⁴⁴/

/am⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰŋ̍³³/

/am⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰŋ̍⁴⁴/

/am⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰŋ̍⁴⁴/

/am⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰŋ̍⁴⁴/

/ˈin²¹³⁻¹³ tʰɔŋ⁴²/

/aŋ³³⁻²¹ tʰouŋ⁵⁵/

/am⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰŋ̍⁴⁴/

/am⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰŋ̍³³/

/am⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰŋ̍⁴⁴/

/am⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰŋ̍⁴⁴/

/am⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰŋ̍⁴⁴/

(Gan, Huizhou, Eastern Min, Southern Min, Wu) rice water; water in which rice has been cooked


貓公

/maːu̯⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ᵐbiu⁵⁵ kɵŋ³³⁻²¹/

/niãu⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/niãu⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/niãu³³ kɔŋ³³/

/mɑʊ̯⁴⁴⁵ kɤŋ⁴⁴⁵/

/maːu̯⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ᵐbiu⁵⁵ kɵŋ³³⁻²¹/

/niãu⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/niãu⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/niãu³³ kɔŋ³³/

/mɑʊ̯⁴⁴⁵ kɤŋ⁴⁴⁵/

(Southwestern Mandarin, Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Min, Xiang) male cat; tomcat


糞箕

/fən⁵¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/pɔŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋi⁵³³/

/poŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋi⁵³³/

/poŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋi⁵⁴⁴/

/puoŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋi⁵⁴⁴/

/pɯəŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋi⁵⁴⁴/

/pun²¹⁻⁵³ ki⁴⁴/

/pun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ki³³/

/pun²¹⁻⁵³ ki⁴⁴/

/pun¹¹⁻⁵³ ki⁴⁴/

/pun²¹⁻⁴¹ ki⁴⁴/

/puŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ki³³/

/fən³³ t͡ɕi⁴⁴/

/fəŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi/

/fən⁵¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/pɔŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋi⁵³³/

/poŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋi⁵³³/

/poŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋi⁵⁴⁴/

/puoŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋi⁵⁴⁴/

/pɯəŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋi⁵⁴⁴/

/pun²¹⁻⁵³ ki⁴⁴/

/pun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ki³³/

/pun²¹⁻⁵³ ki⁴⁴/

/pun¹¹⁻⁵³ ki⁴⁴/

/pun²¹⁻⁴¹ ki⁴⁴/

/puŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ki³³/

/fən³³ t͡ɕi⁴⁴/

/fəŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi/

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Hakka, Min, Wu) winnowing basket (often made of wicker or bamboo, usually used for holding dung, dirt, rocks, etc.)


蝦公

/haː⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ha¹¹ kʊŋ⁴⁴/

/haː⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ha¹¹ kʊŋ⁴⁴/

(Southwestern Mandarin, Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Jinhua Wu, Quanzhou Xiang, Northern Pinghua, Dong'an Tuhua, Yuebei Tuhua, Fengshun Shehua, Jiuxing Yumin) shrimp; prawn


沙蟲

/ʂä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵/

/saː⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/saː⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ²¹/

/ʂä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵/

/saː⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/saː⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ²¹/

(Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Pinghua) mosquito larva


風燈

/ˈfuŋ⁴² tɛn⁴²/

/xɤŋ⁴⁴ tẽ̞⁴⁴⁻³³/

/ˈfuŋ⁴² tɛn⁴²/

/xɤŋ⁴⁴ tẽ̞⁴⁴⁻³³/

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Jiangxi Hakka, Loudi and Shuangfeng Xiang) kite (toy)


狗嫲

/kau²¹⁻²¹³ ba²¹/

/kau²¹⁻²¹³ ba²¹/

(dialectal Gan, Hakka, Northern Min, dialectal Southern Min, Central Min, Shaojiang Min, Shehua, Pucheng Wu) female dog


你等

/ni²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nei̯¹³ tɐŋ³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹¹ ten²⁴/

/ŋ̍¹¹ nen²⁴/

/ni²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nei̯¹³ tɐŋ³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹¹ ten²⁴/

/ŋ̍¹¹ nen²⁴/

(dialectal, including Gan, Hakka, Wu) you (plural)


米篩

→ Kapampangan: bitse

→ Sambali: bitsay

→ Tagalog: bithay

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰai⁴⁴/

/bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰai³³/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰai⁴⁴/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰai⁴⁴/

/bi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰai⁴⁴/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰai⁴⁴/

/bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰai³³/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰai⁴⁴/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰai⁴⁴/

/bi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰai⁴⁴/

(Sichuanese, Dongguan Cantonese, dialectal Gan, Hakka, Min, dialectal Wu) sieve (used for rice)


蘆粟

/lu¹¹ ɕiʊk̚¹/

/lu¹¹ ɕiʊk̚¹/

(dialectal Mandarin, Yongxiu Gan, Meixian Hakka, Northern Min, Shaojiang Min) sorghum


推剪

/tʰɵy̯⁵⁵ t͡siːn³⁵/

/tʰui⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɛn⁵³/

/tʰui³³⁻²³ t͡siaŋ⁵²/

/tʰe̞i̯³³ t͡ɕi̯ẽ⁴¹/

/tʰɵy̯⁵⁵ t͡siːn³⁵/

/tʰui⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɛn⁵³/

/tʰui³³⁻²³ t͡siaŋ⁵²/

/tʰe̞i̯³³ t͡ɕi̯ẽ⁴¹/

(dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Gan, Huizhou, Suide Jin, Hokkien, Teochew, Xiang) hair clippers


叔子

/ʂu⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/ʂu³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/sʊk̚⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/ʂəu̯²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/səu̯²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/ʂu⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/ʂu³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/sʊk̚⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/ʂəu̯²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/səu̯²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

(dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Gan, Xiang) brother-in-law (husband's younger brother)

(dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Gan, dialectal Hakka) paternal uncle (father's younger brother)


老妹

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ meɪ̯⁵¹/

/lo²⁴⁻³³ moi¹¹/

/lɒu̯⁴¹ me̞i̯²¹⁻¹¹/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ meɪ̯⁵¹/

/lo²⁴⁻³³ moi¹¹/

/lɒu̯⁴¹ me̞i̯²¹⁻¹¹/

(Can we date this quote?), “佬妹阿花”, 张少林 (lyrics)performed by 张少林:

雅佬妹喊做阿花

(dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Gan, Hakka, Datian Min, Central Min, Jiangle Min, Xiang) younger sister


豺狗

/ʈ͡ʂʰaɪ̯³⁵ koʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɛ⁴⁴ kou²⁴/

/t͡sʰaːi̯²¹ kɐu̯³⁵/

/ˈt͡sʰai²⁴ kiɛu²¹³/

/siã¹³⁻²² kau⁵³/

/t͡sʰai⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kau⁵²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰaɪ̯³⁵ koʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɛ⁴⁴ kou²⁴/

/t͡sʰaːi̯²¹ kɐu̯³⁵/

/ˈt͡sʰai²⁴ kiɛu²¹³/

/siã¹³⁻²² kau⁵³/

/t͡sʰai⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kau⁵²/

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Teochew, Dong'an Tuhua, Yuebei Tuhua) wolf


面盆

/mi̯ɛn⁵¹ pʰən³⁵/

/miːn²² pʰuːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/miɛn⁵³⁻⁵⁵ pʰun¹¹/

/miŋ⁵⁵ pɔŋ²¹/

/bin²²⁻²¹ pʰun²⁴/

/bin⁴¹⁻²² pʰun²⁴/

/bin³³⁻²¹ pʰun²³/

/bin³³⁻¹¹ pʰun²⁴/

/bin²²⁻²¹ pʰun¹³/

/miŋ¹¹ pʰuŋ⁵⁵/

/mi̯ɛn⁵¹ pʰən³⁵/

/miːn²² pʰuːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/miɛn⁵³⁻⁵⁵ pʰun¹¹/

/miŋ⁵⁵ pɔŋ²¹/

/bin²²⁻²¹ pʰun²⁴/

/bin⁴¹⁻²² pʰun²⁴/

/bin³³⁻²¹ pʰun²³/

/bin³³⁻¹¹ pʰun²⁴/

/bin²²⁻²¹ pʰun¹³/

/miŋ¹¹ pʰuŋ⁵⁵/

(Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Huizhou, Northern Min, Southern Min, Wu) washbowl; washbasin (basin for washing the face and hands) (Classifier: 個／个 mn)


茅山

/mɑʊ̯³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/mɑʊ̯³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

(Gan) a kind of Taoist priest that drives away evil spirits


幾多錢

/kei̯³⁵ tɔː⁵⁵ t͡sʰiːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/t͡ɕi²¹³⁻²¹ to¹ t͡ɕʰiɛn²⁴/

/ki³¹ to⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕʰiɛn¹¹/

/kei̯³⁵ tɔː⁵⁵ t͡sʰiːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/t͡ɕi²¹³⁻²¹ to¹ t͡ɕʰiɛn²⁴/

/ki³¹ to⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕʰiɛn¹¹/

how much does it cost
how much does it cost

(Cantonese, Gan, Hakka) how much money?, how much is it?, how much does it cost?


豬膏

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

(literary or Cantonese, Gan, Hakka) lard


爆芽

/pɔk̚³²⁻⁵ ɡɛ¹³/

/pɔk̚³²⁻⁵ ɡɛ¹³/

(Gan, Zhangzhou Hokkien, botany) to sprout; to germinate; to bud


舌子

/ʂɤ³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/sɛ²¹ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/ʂɤ̞²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/sɤ̞²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/ɕi̯e̞²² t͡sz̩³/

/ʂɤ³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/sɛ²¹ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/ʂɤ̞²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/sɤ̞²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/ɕi̯e̞²² t͡sz̩³/

(literary or Xiang, dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Gan, Yongding Hakka, Ningyuan dialect) tongue

Yongding Hakka; Ningyuan dialect; Yongding Hakka; Ningyuan dialect


馬快

/be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰuai²¹/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰuai¹¹/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰuai²¹/

/be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰuai²¹/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰuai¹¹/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰuai²¹/

(Gan, Hokkien, Wu, archaic) magistracy officer charged with hunting down law breakers; constable; sheriff


虰虰

/tiŋ⁵⁵ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/tiŋ⁵⁵ tiŋ⁵⁵/

(dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Jin, Gan) dragonfly


翼胛

翼甲
翼翮
翼膈
翼隔
翼𦑜

/sɛt̚³⁻³² kaʔ³²/

/i̯e̞⁴⁵ ka̠³/

/sɛt̚³⁻³² kaʔ³²/

/i̯e̞⁴⁵ ka̠³/

But they that wait upon the Lord shall renew their strength; they shall mount up with wings as eagles; they shall run, and not be weary; and they shall walk, and not faint.

現代臺灣客語譯本 (Today's Taiwan Hakka Version), 以賽亞書 (Isaiah) 40:31

Chúng-he yí-kho Song-chú ke ngìn, voi chhùng-sîn tet-tó li̍t-liong. Kì-têu voi chhiong ên-tiâu tá-khôi yi̍t-kap pî-to kô-kô; kì-têu chéu m̀-voi khioi, hàng ya m̀-voi thiám.

總係倚靠上主个人，會重新得到力量。佢等會像鷹鳥打開翼胛飛到高高；佢等走毋會𤸁，行也毋會痶。

总系倚靠上主个人，会重新得到力量。佢等会像鹰鸟打开翼胛飞到高高；佢等走毋会𤸁，行也毋会痶。

(Gan, Hakka, Changtai Hokkien, Yongtai Eastern Min, Xiang) wing (of a bird or insect)


賊牯

/t͡sʰɛt̚⁵ ku³¹/

/t͡sʰɛt̚⁵ ku³¹/


姆嬸

/mu²¹³⁻²⁴ sɛn²¹³/

/mu³³⁻³⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾liŋ³³/

/mu²¹³⁻²⁴ sɛn²¹³/

/mu³³⁻³⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾liŋ³³/

(Gan, Eastern Min) wives of brothers; sisters-in-law


關爺

/kueŋ³³⁻²³ ia⁵⁵/

/kuaŋ³³⁻²³ ia⁵⁵/

/kueŋ³³⁻²³ ia⁵⁵/

/kuaŋ³³⁻²³ ia⁵⁵/


癲狗

/tiːn⁵⁵ kɐu̯³⁵/

/tiɛn⁴⁴⁻³⁵ keu³¹/

/tiːn⁵⁵ kɐu̯³⁵/

/tiɛn⁴⁴⁻³⁵ keu³¹/

(Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Pinghua, Haifeng Min, Guangxi Min, Zhongshan Min, Guangxi Mandarin) mad dog (Classifier: 隻／只 c)


猛子

/mɤŋ²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/maːŋ¹³ t͡siː³⁵/

/maŋ²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sz̩¹/

/mʊŋ⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/mɤŋ²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/maːŋ¹³ t͡siː³⁵/

/maŋ²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sz̩¹/

/mʊŋ⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/


話事

/waː²² siː²²/

/ʋa⁵³⁻⁵⁵ sz̩⁵³/

/waː²² siː²²/

/ʋa⁵³⁻⁵⁵ sz̩⁵³/

(Gan, Hakka, Northern Min, Central Min) to speak; to talk


崽女

/t͡sai²¹³⁻²⁴ n̠ʲy²¹³/

/t͡sai̯⁴¹ n̠ʲy⁴¹/

/t͡sai²¹³⁻²⁴ n̠ʲy²¹³/

/t͡sai̯⁴¹ n̠ʲy⁴¹/

(Guangxi Mandarin, Gan, Pinghua, Xiang) sons and daughters; children


洋芋頭

/iɔŋ³⁵ y¹¹ tʰɛu¹/

/i̯æn¹³ y²¹⁻¹¹ təu̯³/

/iɔŋ³⁵ y¹¹ tʰɛu¹/

/i̯æn¹³ y²¹⁻¹¹ təu̯³/


洋泥

/iɔŋ³⁵ ˈn̠ʲi³⁵/

/i̯æn¹³ n̠ʲi¹³/

/iɔŋ³⁵ ˈn̠ʲi³⁵/

/i̯æn¹³ n̠ʲi¹³/

(Jianghuai Mandarin, Jiangxi Hakka, Gan, Xiang) cement


紅芋

(dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Gan) sweet potato


頭日

/ˈtʰɛu²⁴ n̠ʲit̚⁵/

/tʰeu̯¹¹ ŋit̚²/

/ˈtʰɛu²⁴ n̠ʲit̚⁵/

/tʰeu̯¹¹ ŋit̚²/


指甲子

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴ ka̠²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡sz̩²⁴ ka̠²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴ ka̠²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡sz̩²⁴ ka̠²⁴ t͡sz̩³/


指甲子花

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴ ka̠²⁴ t͡sz̩³ ɸa̠³³/

/t͡sz̩²⁴ ka̠²⁴ t͡sz̩³ ɸa̠³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴ ka̠²⁴ t͡sz̩³ ɸa̠³³/

/t͡sz̩²⁴ ka̠²⁴ t͡sz̩³ ɸa̠³³/

Impatiens balsamina
Impatiens balsamina#Translingual

(Gan, Xiang) garden balsam (Impatiens balsamina)


細人子

/ɕi³⁵ n̠ʲin² t͡sz̩¹/

/si⁴⁵ ʐən¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/ɕi⁴⁵ ʐən¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/ɕi³⁵ n̠ʲin² t͡sz̩¹/

/si⁴⁵ ʐən¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/ɕi⁴⁵ ʐən¹³ t͡sz̩³/

(Gan, Xiang, dialectal Hakka) child; kid (person who has not yet reached adulthood)


細崽

/ˈɕi³⁵ t͡sai²¹³/

/se⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡saɪ³¹/

/ɕi⁴⁵ t͡sai̯⁴¹/

/ˈɕi³⁵ t͡sai²¹³/

/se⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡saɪ³¹/

/ɕi⁴⁵ t͡sai̯⁴¹/


八角茴

/pat̚⁵ kɔʔ⁵ fɨi³⁵/

/pa̠²⁴ ko²⁴ ɸe̞i̯¹³/

/pat̚⁵ kɔʔ⁵ fɨi³⁵/

/pa̠²⁴ ko²⁴ ɸe̞i̯¹³/

Illicium verum
Illicium verum#Translingual

(Southwestern Mandarin, Gan, Xiang) star anise (Illicium verum)


八哥子

(Jianghuai Mandarin, Gan, Xiang) myna bird


麻雀子

/ma³⁵ t͡ɕiɔʔ² t͡sz̩¹/

ma² cyorh⁶ zi³ [Phonetic:ma⁵ cyorh⁷ zi³]

/ma¹³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰyɒʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ t͡si⁴⁵³/

ma² cyoeh⁶ zi³ [Phonetic:ma⁵ cyoeh⁷ zi³]

/ma²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰyøʔ²⁻⁴ t͡si³³²/

/ba²³⁻³³ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ zi⁴¹/

/ba²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ d͡zi⁵³/

/ma̠¹³ t͡sʰi̯o²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/ma̠¹³ t͡ɕʰi̯o²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/mä¹¹ t͡ɕʰi̯o²² t͡sz̩³/

/ma³⁵ t͡ɕiɔʔ² t͡sz̩¹/

/ma¹³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰyɒʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ t͡si⁴⁵³/

/ma²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰyøʔ²⁻⁴ t͡si³³²/

/ba²³⁻³³ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ zi⁴¹/

/ba²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ d͡zi⁵³/

/ma̠¹³ t͡sʰi̯o²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/ma̠¹³ t͡ɕʰi̯o²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/mä¹¹ t͡ɕʰi̯o²² t͡sz̩³/

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, dialectal Wu, Waxiang, Xiang) sparrow (any member of the Passer genus)


打霜

/ta²¹³⁻¹³ sɔŋ⁴²/

/tã³³ sɑ̃⁴⁴/

/ta̠⁴¹ ɕy̯æn³³/

/ta²¹³⁻¹³ sɔŋ⁴²/

/tã³³ sɑ̃⁴⁴/

/ta̠⁴¹ ɕy̯æn³³/

(Southwestern Mandarin, Gan, Yudu Hakka, Wu, Xiang) to have frost appear


痧痱子

/sa̠³³ ɸe̞i̯⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

/sa̠³³ ɸe̞i̯⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

(Xiang, dialectal Gan, Sandu Hakka, Waxiang, medicine) prickly heat; miliaria


鴨崽子

/ŋat̚⁵ t͡sai²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sz̩¹/

/ŋa̠²⁴ t͡sai̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/ŋat̚⁵ t͡sai²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sz̩¹/

/ŋa̠²⁴ t͡sai̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/


鴨婆

/ŋat̚⁵ pʰo²⁴/

/ŋa̠²⁴ po¹³/

/ŋat̚⁵ pʰo²⁴/

/ŋa̠²⁴ po¹³/

(Sichuanese, dialectal Cantonese, Jiangxi Hakka, Gan, Xiang) female duck


此地人

/t͡sʰz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/ˈt͡sʰz̩²⁴ tʰi¹¹ n̠ʲin³⁵/

/t͡sʰz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/ˈt͡sʰz̩²⁴ tʰi¹¹ n̠ʲin³⁵/

(Northeastern Mandarin, Gan) native; local resident; local


苦楝子樹

/kʰu²¹³⁻²¹ liɛn¹ t͡sz̩² ɕy¹¹/

/kʰu⁴¹ li̯ẽ⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³ ɕy²¹⁻¹¹/

/kʰu²¹³⁻²¹ liɛn¹ t͡sz̩² ɕy¹¹/

/kʰu⁴¹ li̯ẽ⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³ ɕy²¹⁻¹¹/

Melia azedarach
Melia azedarach#Translingual

(Xi'an Mandarin, Gan, Xiang) bead tree (Melia azedarach)


褲帶子

/kʰu²¹³⁻¹³ tai³⁵ t͡sz̩²/

/kʰu²¹³⁻¹³ tai³⁵ t͡sz̩²/

(Gan, Xiang) waist belt; waistband; girdle


雞崽子

/t͡ɕi³³ t͡sai̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡ɕi⁴⁴⁵ t͡sai̯³³ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡ɕi³³ t͡sai̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡ɕi⁴⁴⁵ t͡sai̯³³ t͡sz̩³/


額殼

/ŋɤ̞²⁴ kʰo²⁴/

/ŋɤ̞²⁴ kʰo²⁴/

(Wuhan Mandarin, Gan, Xiang, anatomy) forehead


天狗吃月

/tʰiɛn⁵⁵ kəu⁵³ t͡sʰz̩²¹ ye²¹/

/ˈtʰiɛn⁴² kiɛu²¹³⁻¹³ t͡ɕʰiaʔ⁵ n̠ʲɵt̚⁵/

/tʰi̯ẽ³³ kəu̯⁴¹ t͡ɕʰi̯a̠²⁴ y̯e̞²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁵⁵ kəu⁵³ t͡sʰz̩²¹ ye²¹/

/ˈtʰiɛn⁴² kiɛu²¹³⁻¹³ t͡ɕʰiaʔ⁵ n̠ʲɵt̚⁵/

/tʰi̯ẽ³³ kəu̯⁴¹ t͡ɕʰi̯a̠²⁴ y̯e̞²⁴/

(dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Cantonese, Gan, Huizhou, Pinghua, Jinhua Wu, Xiang) lunar eclipse


篩酒

/saɪ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕiu³¹/

/sai̯³³ t͡si̯əu̯⁴¹/

/sai̯³³ t͡ɕi̯əu̯⁴¹/

/saɪ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕiu³¹/

/sai̯³³ t͡si̯əu̯⁴¹/

/sai̯³³ t͡ɕi̯əu̯⁴¹/

(Gan, Hakka, Xiang) to pour an alcoholic beverage


猜謎子

/t͡sʰai̯³³ me̞i̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡sʰai̯³³ me̞i̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/


鞋帶子

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Yudu Hakka, Guilin Pinghua, Xiang) shoelace


打瞌睏

/ta²¹³⁻¹³ kʰɵt̚⁵ kun²/

/ta̠⁴¹ kʰo²⁴ kʰu̯ən⁴⁵/

/ta²¹³⁻¹³ kʰɵt̚⁵ kun²/

/ta̠⁴¹ kʰo²⁴ kʰu̯ən⁴⁵/

(Nantong Mandarin, Gan, Xiang) to doze off; to nod off; to take a nap


金橘子

/ˈt͡ɕin⁴² t͡ɕyt̚⁵ t͡sz̩²/

/t͡ɕin³³ t͡ɕy²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/ˈt͡ɕin⁴² t͡ɕyt̚⁵ t͡sz̩²/

/t͡ɕin³³ t͡ɕy²⁴ t͡sz̩³/


睏中覺

/kʰun²¹³⁻¹³ t͡sʰuŋ⁴² kau³⁵/

/kʰoŋ³³ t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kɔ²¹/

/kʰu̯ən⁴⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ³³ kɒu̯⁴⁵/

/kʰu̯ən⁴⁵ t͡sən³³ kɒu̯⁴⁵/

/kʰun²¹³⁻¹³ t͡sʰuŋ⁴² kau³⁵/

/kʰoŋ³³ t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kɔ²¹/

/kʰu̯ən⁴⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ³³ kɒu̯⁴⁵/

/kʰu̯ən⁴⁵ t͡sən³³ kɒu̯⁴⁵/

(Gan, Wu, Xiang) to take an afternoon nap; to take a nap after lunch


睏不著

/kʰun²¹³⁻²¹ pɨt̚¹ t͡sʰɔʔ²/

/kʰu̯ən⁴⁵ pu³ ʈ͡ʂo²⁴/

/kʰun²¹³⁻²¹ pɨt̚¹ t͡sʰɔʔ²/

/kʰu̯ən⁴⁵ pu³ ʈ͡ʂo²⁴/


叔伯姐姐

/su²¹ pɛ²¹ t͡ɕiɛ⁵³ t͡ɕiɛ⁵³⁻²¹/

/ˈsuʔ⁵ paʔ⁵ t͡ɕia²¹³⁻²¹ t͡ɕia¹/

/suəʔ²⁻⁴⁵ piəʔ⁵⁴ t͡ɕie⁵³ t͡ɕie⁵³⁻¹¹/

/su²¹ pɛ²¹ t͡ɕiɛ⁵³ t͡ɕiɛ⁵³⁻²¹/

/ˈsuʔ⁵ paʔ⁵ t͡ɕia²¹³⁻²¹ t͡ɕia¹/

/suəʔ²⁻⁴⁵ piəʔ⁵⁴ t͡ɕie⁵³ t͡ɕie⁵³⁻¹¹/

(Sichuanese, Gan, Jin) paternal cousin (father's brother's daughter older than oneself)


窗簾子

/ʈ͡ʂʰuɑŋ²⁴ liæ̃²⁴ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɔŋ⁴² liɛn³⁵ t͡sz̩²/

/t͡sʰuɒ̃¹¹ lie¹¹ t͡səʔ²/

/t͡ɕʰy̯æn³³ li̯ẽ¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰuɑŋ²⁴ liæ̃²⁴ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɔŋ⁴² liɛn³⁵ t͡sz̩²/

/t͡sʰuɒ̃¹¹ lie¹¹ t͡səʔ²/

/t͡ɕʰy̯æn³³ li̯ẽ¹³ t͡sz̩³/

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Jin, Xiang) window curtain


馬鞍子

/ma⁵¹ næ̃²⁴ t͡sz̩²⁴/

/ma²¹³⁻¹³ ŋɵn⁴² t͡sz̩²/

/ma⁵³ ɣæ̃¹¹ t͡səʔ²/

/ma⁵¹ næ̃²⁴ t͡sz̩²⁴/

/ma²¹³⁻¹³ ŋɵn⁴² t͡sz̩²/

/ma⁵³ ɣæ̃¹¹ t͡səʔ²/


叔伯姊妹

/ˈsuʔ paʔ⁵ ˈt͡sz̩²¹³⁻²⁴ mi¹¹/

/ʃuk⁵⁻² pak⁵⁻² t͡si²⁴⁻³³ moi¹¹/

/sʊk̚¹ pak̚¹ t͡sz̩³¹ moɪ⁵³/

/t͡siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ pe(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be³³/

/t͡siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ pe(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ t͡si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ muẽ³³/

/ˈsuʔ paʔ⁵ ˈt͡sz̩²¹³⁻²⁴ mi¹¹/

/ʃuk⁵⁻² pak⁵⁻² t͡si²⁴⁻³³ moi¹¹/

/sʊk̚¹ pak̚¹ t͡sz̩³¹ moɪ⁵³/

/t͡siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ pe(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be³³/

(Gan, Taiwanese Hokkien, Taiwanese Hakka) cousin (father's brother's daughter)


燈罩子

/tən⁵⁵ t͡sau²¹³ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/tən³³ t͡sɒu̯⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

/tən⁵⁵ t͡sau²¹³ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/tən³³ t͡sɒu̯⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

(Sichuanese, Gan, Xiang) lampshade (cover over a lamp)


末名

/ˈmɵt̚⁵ miaŋ³⁵/

/ˈmɵt̚⁵ miaŋ³⁵/

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Danyang Wu, Xiang) last place


黃老鼠

/uɔŋ³⁵ lau² ɕy¹/

/u̯an¹³ lɒu̯⁴¹ ɕy⁴¹/

/uɔŋ³⁵ lau² ɕy¹/

/u̯an¹³ lɒu̯⁴¹ ɕy⁴¹/

The weasel goes to pay respects to the hen - not with the best of intentions.

[ŋ¹³ laɔ⁵³ su⁵³ kɛ⁵⁵ ka⁵⁵ po²² t͡sẽ⁵³, pa¹³ tə¹³ xaɔ⁵³ ɕi⁵⁵]

黃老鼠給雞拜正，不得好心。

黄老鼠给鸡拜正，不得好心。

Mustela sibirica
Mustela sibirica#Translingual

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Xiang, Waxiang) Siberian weasel (Mustela sibirica)


黃篾

/ˈuɔŋ³⁵ miɛt̚⁵/

/ˈuɔŋ³⁵ miɛt̚⁵/

(Southwestern Mandarin, Gan, Xiang) inner part of a bamboo stem


羊崽子

/iɔŋ³⁵ t͡sai²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sz̩¹/

/i̯æn¹³ t͡sai̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/iɔŋ³⁵ t͡sai²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sz̩¹/

/i̯æn¹³ t͡sai̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/


洋船

/ˈiɔŋ³⁵ sɵn³⁵/

/yoŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nuŋ⁵³/

/i̯æn¹³ t͡ɕʰy̯ẽ¹³/

/ˈiɔŋ³⁵ sɵn³⁵/

/yoŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nuŋ⁵³/

/i̯æn¹³ t͡ɕʰy̯ẽ¹³/

(Gan, Eastern Min, dated in Xiang) steamship; steamer


絲襪子

/sz̩⁵⁵ wä⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/sz̩¹¹ vaʔ² t͡səʔ³/

/si³³ u̯a̠²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/ɕi³³ u̯a̠²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/sz̩⁵⁵ wä⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/sz̩¹¹ vaʔ² t͡səʔ³/

/si³³ u̯a̠²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/ɕi³³ u̯a̠²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

(Xi'an Mandarin, Gan, Jin, Xiang) pantyhose; stockings


眼睛皮子

/ŋan⁴¹ t͡ɕin³³ pi¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/ŋan⁴¹ t͡ɕin³³ pi¹³ t͡sz̩³/


野老婆

/ia²¹³⁻²¹ lau¹ pʰo²⁴/

/i̯a̠⁴¹ lɒu̯⁴¹ po¹³/

/i̯ɔ⁴² lɤ⁴²⁻¹ bu¹³⁻³³/

/i̯ä³³ lɑʊ̯³³ b̥o¹¹/

/ia²¹³⁻²¹ lau¹ pʰo²⁴/

/i̯a̠⁴¹ lɒu̯⁴¹ po¹³/

/i̯ɔ⁴² lɤ⁴²⁻¹ bu¹³⁻³³/

/i̯ä³³ lɑʊ̯³³ b̥o¹¹/

(Gan, Xiang) mistress; paramour; the other woman


野老公

/ia²¹³⁻²¹ lau¹ kɔŋ⁴²/

/i̯a̠⁴¹ lɒu̯⁴¹ kʊŋ³³/

/i̯a̠⁴¹ lɒu̯⁴¹ kən³³/

/i̯ä³³ lɑʊ̯³³ kɤŋ⁴⁴⁵/

/ia²¹³⁻²¹ lau¹ kɔŋ⁴²/

/i̯a̠⁴¹ lɒu̯⁴¹ kʊŋ³³/

/i̯a̠⁴¹ lɒu̯⁴¹ kən³³/

/i̯ä³³ lɑʊ̯³³ kɤŋ⁴⁴⁵/

(Gan, Xiang, Ningbonese) paramour; male lover


禾草

/xɤ³⁵ t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔː²¹ t͡sʰou̯³⁵/

/xɤ³⁵ t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔː²¹ t͡sʰou̯³⁵/

/vᵘɔ²² tʰau⁵⁵/

/ˈuo³⁵ t͡sʰau²¹³/

/vᵘɔ²² tʰau⁵⁵/

/ˈuo³⁵ t͡sʰau²¹³/


老弟媳婦

/lau²¹³⁻²¹ tʰi¹ ɕit̚⁵ fu²/

/lɒu̯⁴¹ ti²¹⁻¹¹ si²⁴ ɸu³/

/lɒu̯⁴¹ ti²¹⁻¹¹ ɕi²⁴ ɸu³/

/lɑʊ̯³³ ti³ ɕi³³ fu³/

/lau²¹³⁻²¹ tʰi¹ ɕit̚⁵ fu²/

/lɒu̯⁴¹ ti²¹⁻¹¹ si²⁴ ɸu³/

/lɒu̯⁴¹ ti²¹⁻¹¹ ɕi²⁴ ɸu³/

/lɑʊ̯³³ ti³ ɕi³³ fu³/

(Gan, Xiang) sister-in-law (younger brother's wife)


灶蛐蛐

/ˈt͡sau³⁵ t͡ɕy⁴² t͡ɕy²/

/t͡sɒu̯⁴⁵ t͡ɕʰi³³ t͡ɕʰi³³/

/ˈt͡sau³⁵ t͡ɕy⁴² t͡ɕy²/

/t͡sɒu̯⁴⁵ t͡ɕʰi³³ t͡ɕʰi³³/

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Xiang) camel cricket


告化子

/kɒu̯⁴⁵ ɸa̠⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

/kɒu̯⁴⁵ ɸa̠⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/


蠟燭臺

(Liuzhou Mandarin, Gan, Huizhou, Northern Min, Wu) candlestick; candelabrum


亂嚼

/ˈlɵn¹¹ t͡ɕʰiɔʔ²/

/ˈlɵn¹¹ t͡ɕʰiɔʔ²/

(Gan, Northern Min) to talk rubbish; to talk nonsense


灰麵

/ˈfɨi⁴² miɛn¹¹/

/ɸe̞i̯³³ mi̯ẽ²¹⁻¹¹/

/ˈfɨi⁴² miɛn¹¹/

/ɸe̞i̯³³ mi̯ẽ²¹⁻¹¹/

(dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Huizhou, Gan, Xiang) flour


響雷公

/hi̯oŋ³¹ lu̯i¹¹ kuŋ²⁴/

/hioŋ²⁴⁻³³ lui⁵⁵ kuŋ⁵³/

/hiɔŋ³¹ luɪ¹¹ kʊŋ⁴⁴/

/xiɔŋ²¹ so³³ kɔŋ⁵⁴/

/hi̯oŋ³¹ lu̯i¹¹ kuŋ²⁴/

/hioŋ²⁴⁻³³ lui⁵⁵ kuŋ⁵³/

/hiɔŋ³¹ luɪ¹¹ kʊŋ⁴⁴/

/xiɔŋ²¹ so³³ kɔŋ⁵⁴/

(dialectal Cantonese, dialectal Gan, Hakka, Northern Min) to rumble with thunder; to thunder


小舌頭

ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄕㄜˊ ˙ㄊㄡ

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤ³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³/

ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄕㄜˊ ˙ㄊㄡㄦ

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤ³⁵ tʰɤʊ̯ɻʷ³/

/ɕiau⁵³ sɛ²¹ tʰəu²¹/

/ɕiɔ³³ zəʔ⁵⁵ dɤ²¹/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤ³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤ³⁵ tʰɤʊ̯ɻʷ³/

/ɕiau⁵³ sɛ²¹ tʰəu²¹/

/ɕiɔ³³ zəʔ⁵⁵ dɤ²¹/

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Wu) uvula (appendage that hangs from the palate)


灶神菩薩

/t͡sau²¹³ sən²¹ pʰu²¹ sa⁵⁵/

/t͡sau²¹³ sən²¹ pʰu²¹ sa⁵⁵/

(Southwestern Mandarin, Shanggao Gan, Jiangyong Tuhua, Chinese folk religion) kitchen god


村盤子

/ˈt͡sʰun⁴² pʰɵn²⁴ t͡sz̩²/

/ˈt͡sʰun⁴² pʰɵn²⁴ t͡sz̩²/


文具鋪

/mɐn²¹ kɵy̯²² pʰou̯³³/

/mɐn²¹ kɵy̯²² pʰou̯³³⁻³⁵/

/un³⁵ t͡ɕʰy² pʰu²¹³/

/mɐn²¹ kɵy̯²² pʰou̯³³/

/mɐn²¹ kɵy̯²² pʰou̯³³⁻³⁵/

/un³⁵ t͡ɕʰy² pʰu²¹³/


狗婆

/kiɛu²¹³⁻¹³ pʰo²⁴/

/kiɛu²¹³⁻¹³ pʰo²⁴/

(Liuzhou Mandarin, dialectal Hakka, Gan, Xiang) female dog


小拇指頭

/ɕiɛu²¹³⁻²¹ ma¹ t͡sɨt̚⁵ tʰɛu²/

/ɕiau⁵³ məʔ¹ t͡səʔ² tʰəu⁴⁵/

/ɕiɛu²¹³⁻²¹ ma¹ t͡sɨt̚⁵ tʰɛu²/

/ɕiau⁵³ məʔ¹ t͡səʔ² tʰəu⁴⁵/

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Jin, Danyang Wu) little finger


魚魚肚子

/n̠ʲie³⁵ n̠ʲie² tu²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sz̩¹/

/n̠ʲie³⁵ n̠ʲie² tu²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sz̩¹/


魚卡

/n̠ʲie³⁵ kʰa²¹³/

/n̠ʲie³⁵ kʰa²¹³/


魚入

/n̠ʲie³⁵ lɨt̚⁵/

/n̠ʲie³⁵ lɨt̚⁵/


去歸

/t͡ɕʰie²¹³⁻¹³ kui⁴²/

/t͡ɕʰie²¹³⁻¹³ kui⁴²/

(Gan) to return home; to go home; to come home


佢們

/t͡ɕʰie²⁴ mɨn²/

/t͡ɕʰie²⁴ mɨn²/


呵獻

/xə²⁴ ɕiæ̃²⁴/

/xə²⁴ ɕiæ̃²⁴/

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Wu, dialectal Xiang) yawn


鵝腦鼓子

/ŋo³⁵ lau² ku²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sz̩¹/

/ŋo³⁵ lau² ku²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sz̩¹/


我個俚

我个俚
我箇哩
我個里/我个里
我個仂

/ŋo²¹³⁻²¹ ko¹ li²/

/ŋo²¹³⁻²¹ ko¹ li²/


箇裡

/ko²¹³⁻²¹ li¹/

/ko²¹³⁻²¹ li¹/


挫頭

/t͡so⁴² tʰɛu²⁴/

/t͡so⁴² tʰɛu²⁴/


蘿蔔薯

/lo³⁵ pʰo² ɕy³⁵/

/lo³⁵ pʰo² ɕy³⁵/


卵雞

/lo²¹³⁻²¹ t͡ɕi¹/

/lo²¹³⁻²¹ t͡ɕi¹/


卵雞子

/lo²¹³⁻²¹ t͡ɕi¹ t͡sz̩²/

/lo²¹³⁻²¹ t͡ɕi¹ t͡sz̩²/


拖板子

/tʰo⁴² pan²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sz̩¹/

/tʰo⁴² pan²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sz̩¹/


火鍋子

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ɔ⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/fo²¹³⁻¹³ uo⁴² t͡sz̩²/

/xuɤ⁵³ kuɤ¹¹ t͡səʔ²/

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ɔ⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/fo²¹³⁻¹³ uo⁴² t͡sz̩²/

/xuɤ⁵³ kuɤ¹¹ t͡səʔ²/

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Jin) pot used for hot pot


夜火蟲

/ˈia¹¹ fo²¹³⁻¹³ t͡sʰuŋ²⁴/

/i̯a̠²¹⁻¹¹ xo⁴¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ¹³/

/i̯a̠²¹⁻¹¹ xo⁴¹ t͡sən¹³/

/ˈia¹¹ fo²¹³⁻¹³ t͡sʰuŋ²⁴/

/i̯a̠²¹⁻¹¹ xo⁴¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ¹³/

/i̯a̠²¹⁻¹¹ xo⁴¹ t͡sən¹³/

(Jiangxi Hakka, Gan, Xiang) firefly; lightning bug; glowworm


爺老子

/ia³⁵ lau²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sz̩¹/

/i̯a̠¹³ lɒu̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/i̯ɔ¹³ lɤ⁴²⁻¹ t͡sz̩³/

/i̯ä¹¹ lɑʊ̯³³ t͡sz̩³/

/ia³⁵ lau²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sz̩¹/

/i̯a̠¹³ lɒu̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/i̯ɔ¹³ lɤ⁴²⁻¹ t͡sz̩³/

/i̯ä¹¹ lɑʊ̯³³ t͡sz̩³/


爺老子

/ia³⁵ lau²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sz̩¹/

/i̯a̠¹³ lɒu̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/i̯ɔ¹³ lɤ⁴²⁻¹ t͡sz̩³/

/i̯ä¹¹ lɑʊ̯³³ t͡sz̩³/

/ia³⁵ lau²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sz̩¹/

/i̯a̠¹³ lɒu̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/i̯ɔ¹³ lɤ⁴²⁻¹ t͡sz̩³/

/i̯ä¹¹ lɑʊ̯³³ t͡sz̩³/

(Gan, male, derogatory or humorous) I; me


借落子

/t͡ɕia³⁵ lɔʔ² t͡sz̩¹/

/t͡ɕia³⁵ lɔʔ² t͡sz̩¹/


牙齒縫

/ŋa³⁵ t͡sʰz̩² fuŋ¹¹/

/ŋa³³ t͡sʰi²¹ pʰɔŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋa³⁵ t͡sʰz̩² fuŋ¹¹/

/ŋa³³ t͡sʰi²¹ pʰɔŋ⁵⁵/

(Gan, Northern Min, Danyang Wu) gap between teeth


牙疆

/ŋa³⁵ ˈt͡ɕiɔŋ⁴²/

/ŋa³⁵ ˈt͡ɕiɔŋ⁴²/


私伢子

/sz̩⁴² ŋa² t͡sz̩¹/

/sz̩⁴² ŋa² t͡sz̩¹/

(Gan) illegitimate child; bastard child; child born out of wedlock


翼膀

(Gan, dialectal Hakka, dialectal Huizhou, Fuding Eastern Min, dialectal Wu) wing (of a bird or insect)


自簡

/t͡sʰz̩¹¹ kan²¹³/

/t͡sʰz̩¹¹ kan²¹³/


自簡

/t͡sʰz̩¹¹ kan²¹³/

/t͡sʰz̩¹¹ kan²¹³/


豬旺子

/t͡ɕy⁴² uɔŋ¹¹ t͡sz̩¹/

/t͡ɕy⁴² uɔŋ¹¹ t͡sz̩¹/

(Southwestern Mandarin, Yangzhou Mandarin, Gan, dialectal Hakka) pig blood (as food)


豬崽子

/t͡ɕy⁴² t͡sai²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sz̩¹/

/t͡ɕy³³ t͡sai̯⁴¹ t͡ɕi³/

/t͡ɕy⁴² t͡sai²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sz̩¹/

/t͡ɕy³³ t͡sai̯⁴¹ t͡ɕi³/

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Xiang) piglet; pigling


豬婆癲

/t͡ɕy⁴² pʰo² tiɛn⁴²/

/t͡ɕy⁴² pʰo² tiɛn⁴²/


女崽子

/n̠ʲy²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sai¹ t͡sz̩²/

/n̠ʲy²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sai¹ t͡sz̩²/


女客

/ˈn̠ʲy²¹³⁻¹³ kʰaʔ⁵/

/n̠ʲy²² kʰaʔ⁴⁴/

/ˈn̠ʲy²¹³⁻¹³ kʰaʔ⁵/

/n̠ʲy²² kʰaʔ⁴⁴/


雪子

/si̯e̞²⁴ t͡sz̩⁴¹/

/ɕi̯e̞²⁴ t͡sz̩⁴¹/

/si̯e̞²⁴ t͡sz̩⁴¹/

/ɕi̯e̞²⁴ t͡sz̩⁴¹/

(dialectal Gan, Huizhou, dialectal Wu, Xiang) graupel; granular snow


話夢話

/ua¹¹ ˈmuŋ¹¹ ua¹¹/

/ua¹¹ ˈmuŋ¹¹ ua¹¹/

(Gan, Shicheng Hakka) to talk in one's sleep; to sleeptalk


話媒

(Gan) to be a matchmaker or go-between (between prospective marriage partners)


挖耳子

/ua⁵⁵ ɚ⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵³⁻²¹/

/ua⁴² ɵ² t͡sz̩¹/

/u̯a̠²⁴ ɤ̞⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/ua⁵⁵ ɚ⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵³⁻²¹/

/ua⁴² ɵ² t͡sz̩¹/

/u̯a̠²⁴ ɤ̞⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

(Ürümqi Mandarin, Sichuanese, Gan, Xiang) earpick


挖耳耙子

/ua⁴² ɵ² pʰa²⁴ t͡sz̩²/

/ua⁴² ɵ² pʰa²⁴ t͡sz̩²/


車砣

/t͡sʰa⁴² tʰo²⁴/

/t͡sʰa⁴² tʰo²⁴/


栽瞌睏

(Gan) to doze off; to nod off; to take a nap


舂瞌睏

(Gan, Nantong Mandarin) to doze off; to nod off; to take a nap


打瞎啾

/ta²¹³⁻¹³ hat̚⁵ t͡ɕʰiu²/

/ta²¹³⁻¹³ hat̚⁵ t͡ɕʰiu²/


打白話

/ta²¹³⁻¹³ pʰaʔ⁵ ua²/

/ta²¹³⁻¹³ pʰaʔ⁵ ua²/


打霍閃

/ta²¹³⁻¹³ fɔʔ⁵ sɛn²/

/ta²¹³⁻¹³ fɔʔ⁵ sɛn²/


打亂話

/ta²¹³⁻²⁴ ˈlɵn¹¹ ua¹¹/

/ta²¹³⁻²⁴ ˈlɵn¹¹ ua¹¹/


打呵獻

/ta²¹³⁻¹³ ho⁴² ɕiɛn²/

/ta²¹³⁻¹³ ho⁴² ɕiɛn²/

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Shuangfeng Xiang) to yawn


打抖

/ta²¹³⁻²⁴ tɛu²¹³/

/ta²¹³⁻²⁴ tɛu²¹³/

(Yangzhou Mandarin, Gan, Yudu Hakka) to shake; to shiver


打夜作

/ta²¹³⁻²⁴ ia¹¹ t͡sɔʔ¹/

/ta²¹³⁻²⁴ ia¹¹ t͡sɔʔ¹/

burn the midnight oil
burn the midnight oil

(Gan) to work late into the night; to burn the midnight oil


恨雷

(Wuhan Mandarin, Gan) to rumble with thunder; to thunder


打肚

/ta²¹³⁻²⁴ tʰu¹¹/

/ta²¹³⁻²⁴ tʰu¹¹/

(Yudu Hakka, Gan) to abort a fetus; to induce an abortion


花生仁子

/ˈfa⁴² sɛn⁴² lɨn³⁵ t͡sz̩²/

/ˈfa⁴² sɛn⁴² lɨn³⁵ t͡sz̩²/

(Gan, Xinzhou Jin) shelled peanut; peanut kernel


奸雀子

/kan⁴² t͡ɕiɔʔ² t͡sz̩¹/

/kan⁴² t͡ɕiɔʔ² t͡sz̩¹/

(Gan) sparrow (any member of the Passer genus)


螞印子

/ma²¹³⁻²¹ in¹ t͡sz̩²/

/ma²¹³⁻²¹ in¹ t͡sz̩²/


扒子手

/pʰa²⁴ t͡sz̩² sɨu²¹³/

/b̥ä¹¹ t͡sz̩³ ɕi̯u³³/

/pʰa²⁴ t͡sz̩² sɨu²¹³/

/b̥ä¹¹ t͡sz̩³ ɕi̯u³³/


樹蔸

/ɕy¹¹ tɛu⁴²/

/ɕy¹¹ tɛu⁴²/


母娘

/mu²¹³⁻²¹ n̠ʲiɔŋ¹/

/mu²¹³⁻²¹ n̠ʲiɔŋ¹/

(Gan) paternal aunt (wife of father's elder brother)


母量

/mu²¹³⁻²¹ liɔŋ¹/

/mu²¹³⁻²¹ liɔŋ¹/


哀棍

(Gan) staff in former times used by the son of the deceased in a funeral procession to show filial piety


戒箍子

/ka̠³⁵ ku⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sz̩³/

/ka̠³⁵ ku⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sz̩³/

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Waxiang, dialectal Xiang) finger ring; ring


崽哩

/t͡sai²¹³⁻²¹ li¹/

/t͡sai²¹³⁻²¹ li¹/


崽哩子

/t͡sai²¹³⁻²¹ li¹ t͡sz̩²/

/t͡sai²¹³⁻²¹ li¹ t͡sz̩²/


奶爺

/lai²¹³⁻¹³ ia³⁵/

/lai²¹³⁻¹³ ia³⁵/


奶頭子

/lai²¹³⁻¹³ tʰɛu²⁴ t͡sz̩²/

/lai²¹³⁻¹³ tʰɛu²⁴ t͡sz̩²/

(Yangzhou Mandarin, Gan) nipple of a baby bottle


大崽

/tai̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sai̯⁴¹/

/tai̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sai̯⁴¹/

(Liuzhou Mandarin, Gan, Pinghua, Xiang) eldest son


挑手旁

/tʰiɛu⁴² sɨu² pʰɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰiɔ⁵⁵ sɤ³³ bɑ̃²¹/

/tʰiɔ⁵⁵ sɤ³³ pɑ̃²¹/

/tʰiɛu⁴² sɨu² pʰɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰiɔ⁵⁵ sɤ³³ bɑ̃²¹/

/tʰiɔ⁵⁵ sɤ³³ pɑ̃²¹/

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Huizhou, Wu) The Chinese character component 扌.


後爺

/ˈhɛu¹¹ ia³⁵/

/xəu̯²¹⁻¹¹ i̯a̠¹³/

/ˈhɛu¹¹ ia³⁵/

/xəu̯²¹⁻¹¹ i̯a̠¹³/

(Nantong Mandarin, Yulin Yue, Gan, Southern Sixian Hakka, Jinhua Wu, Xiang) stepfather


燒手

/sɛu⁴² sɨu²¹³/

/sɛu⁴² sɨu²¹³/


走棋

/t͡soʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/t͡sɛu²¹³⁻¹³ t͡ɕʰi²⁴/

/t͡səu̯⁴¹ t͡ɕi¹³/

/t͡soʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/t͡sɛu²¹³⁻¹³ t͡ɕʰi²⁴/

/t͡səu̯⁴¹ t͡ɕi¹³/

(Wuhan Mandarin, Hainanese, Gan, Leizhou Min, dialectal Wu, Xiang) to play chess


哭鬼

/ˈkʰuʔ⁵ kui²¹³/

/kʰau²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kui⁵²⁻²¹/

/ˈkʰuʔ⁵ kui²¹³/

/kʰau²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kui⁵²⁻²¹/

(Gan, Teochew) crybaby (someone who cries frequently)


叔伯妹子

(Gan) paternal cousin (father's brother's daughter younger than oneself)


八腳蟢蟢

/pat̚⁵ t͡ɕiɔʔ⁵ ɕi²¹³⁻²¹ ɕi¹/

/pat̚⁵ t͡ɕiɔʔ⁵ ɕi²¹³⁻²¹ ɕi¹/


發朱砂

(Gan) to lose one's temper; to get into a huff; to throw a tantrum (with a disapproving connotation)


赤膊子

/t͡sʰaʔ⁵ pɔʔ² t͡sz̩¹/

/t͡sʰaʔ⁵ pɔʔ² t͡sz̩¹/


交秋

/kau̯²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi̯u²⁴/

/kɔ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiɤ²¹/

/kau̯²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi̯u²⁴/

/kɔ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiɤ²¹/

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Hakka, Huizhou, Northern Min, Puxian Min, Wu) The first day of autumn, one of the solar terms (around the 8th of August).

立春、雨水、驚蟄

二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Spring

立夏、小滿

二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Summer

立秋、處暑

二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Autumn

立冬、小雪、大雪、冬至、小寒、大寒

二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Winter


日上

/ˈn̠ʲit̚⁵ sɔŋ¹¹/

/ˈn̠ʲit̚⁵ sɔŋ¹¹/

(Gan, dialectal Huizhou, Northern Min) daytime; day


一腳

/it̚⁵ t͡ɕiɔʔ⁵/

/it̚⁵ t͡ɕiɔʔ⁵/


蚌殼子

/ˈpʰɔŋ¹¹ kʰɔʔ⁵ t͡sz̩²/

/ˈpʰɔŋ¹¹ kʰɔʔ⁵ t͡sz̩²/


星子過位

/ɕiaŋ⁴² t͡sz̩² kuo³⁵ u¹¹/

/ɕiaŋ⁴² t͡sz̩² kuo³⁵ u¹¹/


䁐牛

/iaŋ³⁵ ŋiɛu³⁵/

/ouŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ŋu⁵³/

/iaŋ³⁵ ŋiɛu³⁵/

/ouŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ŋu⁵³/

(Gan, Eastern Min) to graze cattle; to put cattle out to pasture


磕膝

/kʰiɛt̚⁵ ɕit̚²/

/kʰiɛt̚⁵ ɕit̚²/


跌臉

(Gan) to lose face; to bring shame to oneself


蝨蟣子

/sɛt̚⁵ t͡ɕi²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sz̩¹/

/sɛt̚⁵ t͡ɕi²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sz̩¹/

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan) egg of a louse; nit


嗇鬼

/ˈsɛt̚⁵ kui²¹³/

/ˈsɛt̚⁵ kui²¹³/


嗇屄

/ˈsɛt̚⁵ piɛt̚⁵/

/ˈsɛt̚⁵ piɛt̚⁵/


蝃蛛

/ˈt͡sɛt̚⁵ t͡ɕy⁴²/

/ˈt͡sɛt̚⁵ t͡ɕy⁴²/

QJ - between ancient Qin and JinZW - in the vicinity of ancient Zhao and WeiNY - between Northern Yan


蝃蛛子

/ˈt͡sɛt̚⁵ t͡ɕy⁴² t͡sz̩²/

/ˈt͡sɛt̚⁵ t͡ɕy⁴² t͡sz̩²/


盤錢

/pʰɵn²⁴ t͡ɕʰiɛn²/

/pʰan¹¹ t͡ɕʰiɛn¹¹/

/pʰɵn²⁴ t͡ɕʰiɛn²/

/pʰan¹¹ t͡ɕʰiɛn¹¹/


牢監

/lɔ²² t͡ɕiẽ̞³⁴/

/lɔ²² t͡ɕiẽ̞³⁴/


男客

/nø²² kʰɑʔ³³/

/l̃an¹³ kʰɤ̞²⁴/

/nø²² kʰɑʔ³³/

/l̃an¹³ kʰɤ̞²⁴/


老闆娘子

/lau²¹³⁻²⁴ ˈpan²¹³⁻¹³ n̠ʲiɔŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩²/

/lau²¹³⁻²⁴ ˈpan²¹³⁻¹³ n̠ʲiɔŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩²/

(Gan) proprietress; boss's wife; female boss


老虎皮

/lau²¹³⁻²¹ fu¹ pʰi²⁴/

/lau²¹³⁻²¹ fu¹ pʰi²⁴/


氣臌卵

/t͡ɕʰi²¹³⁻²¹ ku¹ lɵn²¹³/

/t͡ɕʰi²¹³⁻²¹ ku¹ lɵn²¹³/


割禾

/kɔːt̚³ wɔː²¹/

/kᵘɔt̚³³ vᵘɔ²²/

/kɔt̚¹ ʋo¹¹/

/kɔːt̚³ wɔː²¹/

/kᵘɔt̚³³ vᵘɔ²²/

/kɔt̚¹ ʋo¹¹/

(Cantonese, Hakka, Gan, Xiang, Liuzhou Mandarin) to harvest rice


雀子窠

/t͡ɕʰiɔʔ⁵ t͡sz̩² kʰuo⁴²/

/t͡ɕʰiɔʔ⁵ t͡sz̩² kʰuo⁴²/


打米

/ta²¹³⁻²⁴ mi²¹³/

/ta²¹³⁻²⁴ mi²¹³/


先前日

/ɕiɛn³⁵ t͡ɕʰiɛn² n̠ʲit̚⁵/

/ɕiɛn³⁵ t͡ɕʰiɛn² n̠ʲit̚⁵/


涿雨

/toʔ⁴⁴ ɦy²³/

/toʔ⁴⁴ ɦy²³/


駁子

/pɔʔ⁵ t͡sz̩²/

/pɔʔ⁵ t͡sz̩²/


駁魚

/ˈpɔʔ⁵ n̠ʲie³⁵/

/ˈpɔʔ⁵ n̠ʲie³⁵/

(Gan) wooden fish (Buddhist wooden percussion instrument)


駁魚子

/ˈpɔʔ⁵ n̠ʲie³⁵ t͡sz̩²/

/ˈpɔʔ⁵ n̠ʲie³⁵ t͡sz̩²/


腳板心

/ˈt͡ɕiɔʔ⁵ pan²¹³⁻¹³ ɕin⁴²/

/t͡ɕi̯o²² pan³³ ɕin⁴⁴⁵/

/ˈt͡ɕiɔʔ⁵ pan²¹³⁻¹³ ɕin⁴²/

/t͡ɕi̯o²² pan³³ ɕin⁴⁴⁵/


腳跡子

/t͡ɕiɔʔ⁵ t͡ɕiaʔ² t͡sz̩¹/

/t͡ɕiɔʔ⁵ t͡ɕiaʔ² t͡sz̩¹/


腳趾頭子

/ˈt͡ɕiɔʔ⁵ t͡sɨt̚⁵ tʰɛu²⁴ t͡sz̩²/

/ˈt͡ɕiɔʔ⁵ t͡sɨt̚⁵ tʰɛu²⁴ t͡sz̩²/


腳拇指頭

/ˈt͡ɕiɔʔ⁵ ma² t͡sɨt̚⁵ tʰɛu²/

/ˈt͡ɕiɔʔ⁵ ma² t͡sɨt̚⁵ tʰɛu²/


扣子洞

/kʰiɛu²¹³⁻¹³ t͡sz̩⁴² tʰuŋ²⁴/

/kʰiɛu²¹³⁻¹³ t͡sz̩⁴² tʰuŋ²⁴/


口痰

/kʰiɛu²¹³⁻²¹ tʰan¹/

/kʰiɛu²¹³⁻²¹ tʰan¹/


顉頭

/ŋɵn²¹³⁻¹³ tʰɛu²⁴/

/ŋɵn²¹³⁻¹³ tʰɛu²⁴/


燈泡子

/tɤŋ⁵⁵ pʰɑʊ̯⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/tɤŋ⁵⁵ pʰɑʊ̯⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Yudu Hakka) light bulb


黃繭

/ˈuɔŋ³⁵ t͡ɕiɛn²¹³/

/ˈuɔŋ³⁵ t͡ɕiɛn²¹³/


資泥

/ˈt͡sz̩⁴² n̠ʲi³⁵/

/ˈt͡sz̩⁴² n̠ʲi³⁵/

(Gan) black, dirty, mud with a consistency of thin soup


雞窠

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ kʰu²¹/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ kʰu²¹/

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Wu, Xiang) chicken coop; henhouse; roost


味之素

/weɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ su⁵¹/

/ᵐbi³² t͡si³³ ɬu³³⁻³³⁵/

/ˈui¹¹ t͡sz̩⁴² su³⁵/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ su⁵¹/

/ᵐbi³² t͡si³³ ɬu³³⁻³³⁵/

/ˈui¹¹ t͡sz̩⁴² su³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 味の素 (Ajinomoto).

obor

monosodium glutamate
monosodium glutamate

(dated or Taishanese, Gan, Wu) monosodium glutamate; MSG


嘴脣皮

/t͡sz̩³³ zən⁵⁵ bi²¹/

/t͡sz̩³³ zən⁵⁵ bi²¹/


線粉

/ˈɕiɛn³⁵ fɨn²¹³/

/ɕi³³ fən⁴⁴/

/ˈɕiɛn³⁵ fɨn²¹³/

/ɕi³³ fən⁴⁴/

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Wu) cellophane noodles; Chinese vermicelli (transparent noodle made from starch)


剃頭個

/tʰi²¹³⁻¹³ tʰɛu²⁴ ko²/

/tʰi³³ dɤ⁵⁵ ɡəʔ²¹/

/tʰi²¹³⁻¹³ tʰɛu²⁴ ko²/

/tʰi³³ dɤ⁵⁵ ɡəʔ²¹/


腳㬹

/kœːk̚³ t͡saːŋ⁵⁵/

/kœːk̚³ t͡saːŋ⁵⁵/

(Can we date this quote?), 《英語撮要》, page 41:

They [the shoes] hurt my heels and toes.

gip⁶ dak¹ ngo⁵ ge³ goek³ zaang¹ goek³ zi² hou² tung³

挾得我嘅脚㬹脚指好痛

挟得我嘅脚㬹脚指好痛

(Cantonese, Gan, Hakka) heel (of the foot)


痰盂子

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Xinzhou Jin) spittoon


鍋鏟子

/uo⁴² t͡sʰan²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sz̩¹/

/uo⁴² t͡sʰan²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sz̩¹/

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Xiang) slice; spatula (kitchen utensil)


𠡒

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Teochew, Wenzhounese) to pull; to tug


閉痧

/pe̞i̯⁴⁵ sa̠³³/

/pe̞i̯⁴⁵ sa̠³³/

(Wuhan Mandarin, Gan, dialectal Hakka, Xiang, medicine) to suffer from heatstroke or sunstroke


丈人老子

/ʈ͡ʂan²¹⁻¹¹ ʐən¹³ lɒu̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡san²¹⁻¹¹ ʐən¹³ lɒu̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/ʈ͡ʂan²¹⁻¹¹ ʐən¹³ lɒu̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡san²¹⁻¹¹ ʐən¹³ lɒu̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

(Gan, Xiang) father-in-law (wife's father)


湯圓子

/tʰɔŋ⁴² yɵn² t͡sz̩¹/

/tʰan³³ y̯ẽ¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/tʰɔŋ⁴² yɵn² t͡sz̩¹/

/tʰan³³ y̯ẽ¹³ t͡sz̩³/

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Xiang) tangyuan; Chinese glutinous rice balls


牛崽子

/n̠ʲiu³⁵ t͡sai²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sz̩¹/

/n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³ t͡sai̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/n̠ʲiu³⁵ t͡sai²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sz̩¹/

/n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³ t͡sai̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/


姨娘

/i³⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/i³⁵ n̠ʲiɔŋ²/

/i¹¹ niɒ̃¹¹/

/i⁵³⁻³³ nˡuoŋ⁵³/

/ɦi²² n̠ʲiã⁴⁴/

/ɦi²² n̠ʲiæ̃³⁴/

/ɦi²² n̠ʲiã⁵¹/

/ɲ̩³³ n̠ʲiaŋ³³/

/i¹¹ n̠ʲi̯an¹¹/

/i³⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/i³⁵ n̠ʲiɔŋ²/

/i¹¹ niɒ̃¹¹/

/i⁵³⁻³³ nˡuoŋ⁵³/

/ɦi²² n̠ʲiã⁴⁴/

/ɦi²² n̠ʲiæ̃³⁴/

/ɦi²² n̠ʲiã⁵¹/

/ɲ̩³³ n̠ʲiaŋ³³/

/i¹¹ n̠ʲi̯an¹¹/

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Wu) maternal aunt (mother's sister)

(Hengyang Xiang) maternal aunt (mother's younger sister)

maternal aunt (mother's sister)
maternal aunt (mother's younger sister)


香鹼

/hœːŋ⁵⁵ kaːn³⁵/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kian³¹/

/hœːŋ⁵⁵ kaːn³⁵/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kian³¹/

(Liuzhou Mandarin, Cantonese, dialectal Gan, Hakka, Southern Pinghua) scented soap


單眼睛皮

/ˈtan⁴² ŋan²¹³⁻²¹ t͡ɕiaŋ¹ pʰi²⁴/

/ˈtan⁴² ŋan²¹³⁻²¹ t͡ɕiaŋ¹ pʰi²⁴/

(Gan) single eyelid; monolid; upper eyelid without a crease


毛伢子

/mɒu̯¹³ ŋa̠¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/mɒu̯¹³ ŋa̠¹³ t͡sz̩³/


屎窖

(dialectal Gan, Hakka) toilet; bathroom; lavatory; WC


寒毛孔

/ˈhɵn²⁴ mau³⁵ kʰuŋ²¹³/

/ɦø²² mɔ⁵⁵ kʰoŋ²¹/

/ˈhɵn²⁴ mau³⁵ kʰuŋ²¹³/

/ɦø²² mɔ⁵⁵ kʰoŋ²¹/

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Yudu Hakka, Wu) pore (opening in the skin)