kwiat

pl-noun

kwiat m inan (diminutive kwiatek or kwiatuszek, related adjective kwiatowy or kwieciany or kwietni, abbreviation kw.)

kwiatek (diminutive)
kwiatuszek (diminutive)
kwiatowy (adjective)
kwieciany (adjective)
kwietni (adjective)
kw. (abbreviation)
kwiat (nominative singular)
kwiaty (nominative plural)
kwiatu (genitive singular)
kwiatów (genitive plural)
kwiatowi (dative singular)
kwiatom (dative plural)
kwiat (accusative singular)
kwiaty (accusative plural)
kwiatem (instrumental singular)
kwiatami (instrumental plural)
kwiecie (locative singular)
kwiatach (locative plural)
kwiecie (singular vocative)
kwiaty (plural vocative)

desc

→ Old Ruthenian: квѣтъ (květ), квꙗтъ (kvjat)

Belarusian: квет (kvjet)

Ukrainian: квіт (kvit)

→ Yiddish: קווייט (kveyt)

(countable, botany) flower (reproductive structure in angiosperms (flowering plants), often conspicuously colorful and typically including sepals, petals, and either or both stamens and/or a pistil)

(countable) flower (colorful, conspicuous structure associated with angiosperms, frequently scented and attracting various insects, and which may or may not be used for sexual reproduction)

(countable) flower (plant that bears flowers, especially a plant that is small and lacks wood)

(countable) flower (stem of a flowering plant with the blossom or blossoms attached, used for decoration, as a gift, etc.)

(countable, obsolete, zootonomy) fork at the end of a chaeta


pato

gl-noun

pato m (plural patos, feminine pata, feminine plural patas)

patos (plural)
pata (feminine)
patas (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese pato, borrowed from Arabic بَطّ (baṭṭ).


pato

Kabuverdianu: patu

→ Tok Pisin: pato

From Old Galician-Portuguese pato (“duck”), from Andalusian Arabic بَطّ (paṭṭ), from Arabic بَطّ (baṭṭ, “duck”). Cognate with Galician and Spanish pato and Swahili bata.


pato

→ Bikol Central: pato

→ Cahuilla: paat

→ Cebuano: pato

→ Chamicuro: pato

→ Chavacano: pato

→ Classical Nahuatl: patox

→ Cora: puáatu

→ English: pato

→ Hiligaynon: patu

→ Karao: pato

→ Oluta Popoluca: pa̱tu

→ O'odham: pa꞉do

→ Papantla Totonac: pá̱tux

→ Samoan: pato

→ San Juan Atzingo Popoloca: copáto

→ Tagalog: pato
→ Tausug: patu'

→ Tetelcingo Nahuatl: öpöto

→ Tokelauan: pato

→ Waray-Waray: pato

→ Ye'kwana: jatu, jaatu

Borrowed from Andalusian Arabic بَّطّ (paṭṭ), from Arabic بَطّ (baṭṭ, “duck”), from Persian بت (bat, “duck”).

bor+

(vulgar, slang, Dominican Republic, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Puerto Rico) homosexual, faggot


pato

pato (canonical)
patò (canonical)
ᜉᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

→ Tausug: patu'

Borrowed from Spanish pato (“duck”), from Arabic بَطّ (baṭṭ, “duck”), from Persian بت (bat, “duck”).


pata

paták (plural)
pata (nominative singular)
paták (nominative plural)
patát (accusative singular)
patákat (accusative plural)
patának (dative singular)
patáknak (dative plural)
patával (instrumental singular)
patákkal (instrumental plural)
patáért (causal-final singular)
patákért (causal-final plural)
patává (singular translative)
patákká (plural translative)
patáig (singular terminative)
patákig (plural terminative)
pataként (essive-formal singular)
patákként (essive-formal plural)
patában (inessive singular)
patákban (inessive plural)
patán (singular superessive)
patákon (plural superessive)
patánál (adessive singular)
patáknál (adessive plural)
patába (illative singular)
patákba (illative plural)
patára (singular sublative)
patákra (plural sublative)
patához (allative singular)
patákhoz (allative plural)
patából (elative singular)
patákból (elative plural)
patáról (delative singular)
patákról (delative plural)
patától (ablative singular)
patáktól (ablative plural)
patáé (singular)
patáké (plural)
patáéi (singular)
patákéi (plural)
patám (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
patáim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
patád (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
patáid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
patája (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
patái (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
patánk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
patáink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
patátok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
patáitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
patájuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
patáik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

Probably from a Slavic language, from Proto-Slavic *pęta.

hoof (the tip of a toe of an ungulate such as a horse, ox or deer, strengthened by a thick keratin covering)


pata

pata (nominative singular)
paśe (dual nominative)
paty (nominative plural)
paty (genitive singular)
patowu (dual genitive)
patow (genitive plural)
paśe (dative singular)
patoma (dative dual)
patam (dative plural)
patu (accusative singular)
paśe (accusative dual)
paty (accusative plural)
patu (instrumental singular)
patoma (dual instrumental)
patami (instrumental plural)
paśe (locative singular)
patoma (dual locative)
patach (locative plural)

Cognate with Serbo-Croatian pȁtka (“duck”).


pata

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *patta (“paw, foot”). Compare English patten.

inh+

tanto peca el que mata a la vaca como el que le agarra la pata

Acabo de trapear y ya dejaste tus patas.

I've just finished mopping and now you left your footprints (all over).

(colloquial) footprint (often used in anger)


goose

en-noun

goose (countable and uncountable, plural geese)

PIE word
 *ǵʰh₂éns
From Middle English goos, gos, from Old English gōs, from Proto-West Germanic *gans, from Proto-Germanic *gans, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂éns.
Cognates
Compare West Frisian goes, North Frisian göis (also Fering-Öömrang dialect North Frisian gus; Sölring dialect North Frisian Guus; Heligoland dialect North Frisian gus), Low German Goos, Low German Gans, Dutch gans, German Gans, Danish, Swedish and Norwegian gås, Icelandic gæs, Irish gé, Latin ānser, Latvian zùoss, Russian гусь (gusʹ), Albanian gatë, Ancient Greek χήν (khḗn), Avestan 𐬰𐬁 (zā), Sanskrit हंस (haṃsá).
* The tailor's iron is so called from the likeness of the handle to the neck of a goose.

kill the goose that lays the golden eggs

what's good for the goose is good for the gander

what's sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander

Ganders and geese are at their best for stock from two to ten years old. They live to a great age—it is stated to thirty or more years—but after ten years they cannot be reckoned upon as reliable assets on a farm. Two years old is the best age to mate them, making up pens of a gander and two or three geese at the New Year. It is difficult sometimes to distinguish ganders from geese. A practical man is, however, rarely mistaken.

1902, Lewis Wright, “Geese and Swans”, in The New Book of Poultry […], London, […]: Cassell and Company, Limited, page 560, column 1:


goose

en-verb

goose (third-person singular simple present gooses, present participle goosing, simple past and past participle goosed)

gooses (present singular third-person)
goosing (participle present)
goosed (participle past)
goosed (past)

(slang, UK) Of private-hire taxi drivers, to pick up a passenger who has not booked a cab, in violation of UK licensing conditions.


road

From Middle English rode, rade (“ride, journey”), from Old English rād (“riding, hostile incursion”), from Proto-West Germanic *raidu, from Proto-Germanic *raidō (“a ride”), from Proto-Indo-European *reydʰ- (“to ride”). Doublet of raid, acquired from Scots. Cognates include West Frisian reed (paved trail/road, driveway).
The current primary meaning of "street, way for traveling" originated relatively late—Shakespeare seemed to expect his audiences to find it unfamiliar—and probably arose through reinterpretation of roadway "a way for riding on" as saying "way" twice, in other words as a tautological compound.

inh

his driveway doesn't go all the way to the road

the grass is always greener on the other side of the road

the road to hell is paved with good intentions

what happens on the road stays on the road

In the lightness of my heart I sang catches of songs as my horse gayly bore me along the well-remembered road.

1852, Mrs M.A. Thompson, “The Tutor's Daughter”, in Graham's American Monthly Magazine of Literature, Art, and Fashion, page 266:

I stumbled along through the young pines and huckleberry bushes. Pretty soon I struck into a sort of path that, I cal'lated, might lead to the road I was hunting for.

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

And the road doesn't end / It's a long, long road and we follow it again and again / And the road don't pretend

2018, Bill Wurtz (lyrics and music), “Long Long Long Journey”:

A way used for travelling between places, originally one wide enough to allow foot passengers and horses to travel, now (US) usually one surfaced with asphalt or concrete and designed to accommodate many vehicles travelling in both directions. In the UK both senses are heard: a country road is the same as a country lane.

apehũ (paved with asphalt, lit. "black road")

The new depot, on which work started in May, 1956, has three reception roads leading to 13 sidings capable of taking 25 trains, a 450 ft.-long car examination shed with nine roads, a lifting shop with two roads and three permanent way sidings.

1959 November, “L.T. and E.R. developments in East London”, in Trains Illustrated, page 527:

(US, rail transport) A railway or (UK, rail transport) a single railway track.

(obsolete) The act of riding on horseback.

Antonio: Sweet lady, you have given me life and living; / For here I read for certain that my ships / Are safely come to road.

c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:

There delivering their fraught, they went to Scandaroone; rather to view what ships was in the Roade, than any thing else […].

1630, John Smith, True Travels, Kupperman, published 1988, page 38:

(nautical, usually in the plural) A partly sheltered area of water near a shore in which vessels may ride at anchor; a roadstead.


road

road tires

road groupset

(cycling) Of or pertaining to a road bike.


lane

From Middle English lane, lone, from Old English lanu (“a lane, alley, avenue”), from Proto-West Germanic *lanu, from Proto-Germanic *lanō (“lane, passageway”).
Cognate with Scots lone (“cattle-track, by-road”), West Frisian leane, loane (“a walkway, avenue”), Dutch laan (“alley, avenue”), German Low German Lane, Laan (“lane”), Swedish lån (“covered walkway encircling a house”), Icelandic lön (“a row of houses”).

cog

And it's Uncle Mo in front by two as they come to the top of the lane.


chat

Louisiana Creole: sha

Inherited from Middle French chat, from Old French chat, from Late Latin cattus.

il ne faut pas réveiller le chat qui dort

quand le chat n’est pas là, les souris dansent

— Est-ce un chat ou une chatte ? » demanda Jean.
 Sophie ne se prononça point, Alice devint rouge et dit en riant :
« C’est un chat !
— En êtes-vous sûre ? demanda Jean.
— Ah bien! fit Alice, pour sûr ! »

1896, Paul Margueritte, “Une flaque”, in L’eau qui dort, Paris: Armand Colin et cⁱᵉ, […], section II, pages 102–103:

"Is it a tomcat or a girl cat?" asked Jean.
 Sophie not having spoken, Alice turned red and said, laughing:
 "It's a tomcat!"
 "Are you sure?" asked Jean.
 "Of course," said Alice, "for sure!"


suka

pl-noun

suka f (diminutive suczka, related adjective suczy)

suczka (diminutive)
suczy (adjective)
suka (nominative singular)
suki (nominative plural)
suki (genitive singular)
suk (genitive plural)
suce (dative singular)
sukom (dative plural)
sukę (accusative singular)
suki (accusative plural)
suką (instrumental singular)
sukami (instrumental plural)
suce (locative singular)
sukach (locative plural)
suko (singular vocative)
suki (plural vocative)

→ Vilamovian: su̇ka

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sùka. Sense 3 from an association with pies (“dog, slang: cop”).


viña

Inherited from Latin vīnea (“vineyard, grapevine”), from vīnum (“wine”).


pollo

rural northern Spain, Andes Mountains, Paraguay, Philippines

Inherited from Latin pullus, from Proto-Indo-European *polH- (“animal young”).

der

pollo frito

young chicken (specially a male, or one of unspecified gender)

montar un pollo

(colloquial, gay slang) twink (a young, attractive, slim man)


gallo

es-noun

gallo m (plural gallos, feminine gallina, feminine plural gallinas)

gallos (plural)
gallina (feminine)
gallinas (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old Spanish, from Latin gallus (“rooster”).


gallo

megrim (genus Lepidorhombus, a kind of fish)

John Dory (edible marine fish; Zeus faber or Zeus ocellata)

Papaver rhoeas
Papaver rhoeas#Translingual

(boxing) bantamweight (weight class ranging from 112 to 118 pounds)

voice crack (sudden, unintentional change in register, especially during puberty or while singing)


kita

kitka (diminutive)
kita (nominative singular)
kity (nominative plural)
kity (genitive singular)
kit (genitive plural)
kicie (dative singular)
kitom (dative plural)
kitę (accusative singular)
kity (accusative plural)
kitą (instrumental singular)
kitami (instrumental plural)
kicie (locative singular)
kitach (locative plural)
kito (singular vocative)
kity (plural vocative)


distance

en-noun

distance (countable and uncountable, plural distances)

From Middle English distance, distaunce, destance (“disagreement, dispute; discrimination; armed conflict; hostility; trouble; space between two points; time interval”), from Anglo-Norman distance, distaunce, destance, Middle French distance, and Old French destance, destaunce, distaunce (“debate; difference, distinction; discord, quarrel; dispute; space between two points; time interval”) (modern French distance), and directly from their etymon Latin distantia (“difference, diversity; distance, remoteness; space between two points”) (whence also Late Latin distantia (“disagreement; discrepancy; gap, opening; time interval”)), from distāns (“being distant; standing apart”) + -ia (suffix forming feminine abstract nouns). Distāns is the present active participle of distō (“to be distant; to stand apart; to differ”), from dis- (prefix meaning ‘apart, asunder; in two’) + stō (“to stand”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand (up)”)).
The verb is derived from the noun.
Cognates
* Middle Dutch distancie, distantie (modern Dutch distantie); Dutch afstand (“distance”, literally “off-stand, off-stance”)
* German Distanz; German Abstand
* Italian distanza
* Portuguese distância
* Spanish distancia

afstand

(countable, uncountable) amount of space between points

An amount of space between points (often geographical points), usually (but not necessarily) measured along a straight line.

(horse racing) Chiefly in by a distance: a space of more than 30 lengths (about 80 yards or 7.3 metres) between two racehorses finishing a race, used to describe the margin of victory; also (archaic), any space of 240 yards (about 219.5 metres) on a racecourse.

pitkä ero

space of more than 30 lengths between two racehorses finishing a race; any space of 240 yards on a racecourse

THere vvere a Great many Brave, Sightly Horſes vvith Rich Trappings that vvere brought out One day to the Courſe, and Only One Plain Nag in the Company that made ſport for All the reſt. But vvhen they came at laſt to the Tryal, This vvas the Horſe that ran the VVhole Field out of Diſtance, and VVon the Race. / The MORAL. Our Senſes are No Competent Judges of the Excellencies of the Mind.

1692, Roger L’Estrange, “[The Fables of Abstemius, &c.] Fab[le] CCCXXXIX. A Plain Horse Wins the Prize.”, in Fables, of Æsop and Other Eminent Mythologists: […], London: […] R[ichard] Sare, […], →OCLC, page 296:

The amount of space between points (often geographical points), usually (but not necessarily) measured along a straight line.

(horse racing) Originally, the space measured back from the winning post which a racehorse running in a heat must reach when the winner has covered the whole course, in order to run in a subsequent heat; also, the point on the racecourse that space away from the winning post; now, the point on a racecourse 240 yards from the winning post.

väli

space measured back from the winning post which a racehorse running in a heat must reach when the winner has covered the whole course, in order to run in a subsequent heat; point on the racecourse that space away from the winning post; point on racecourse 240 yards from the winning post


distance

en-verb

distance (third-person singular simple present distances, present participle distancing, simple past and past participle distanced)

distances (present singular third-person)
distancing (participle present)
distanced (participle past)
distanced (past)
distance (infinitive)

sijoittaa erilleen

to set (someone or something) at a distance from someone or something else

[H]e is of Opinion it is inhuman, that Animals ſhould be put upon their utmoſt Strength and Metal for our Diverſion only. Hovvever, not to be particular, he puts in for the Queen's Plate every Year, vvith Orders to his Rider never to vvin or be diſtanced; […]

1713 March 29 (Gregorian calendar), [Richard Steele], “Wednesday, March 18. 1713.”, in The Guardian, number 6, London: […] J[acob] Tonson […]; and sold by A. Baldwin […], →OCLC, page [2], column 1:

(chiefly US, horse racing, archaic) Of a racehorse: to beat (another horse) by a certain distance; also (passive voice), to cause (a horse) to be disqualified by beating it by a certain distance.

of a racehorse: to beat (another horse) by a certain distance; to cause (a horse) to be disqualified by beating it by a certain distance


down

en-adj

down (comparative more down, superlative most down)

tlb

(chiefly predicative, but see usage notes)

more down (comparative)
most down (superlative)

From Middle English doun, from Old English dūne, aphetic form of adūne, from ofdūne (“off the hill”). For the development from directional phrases to prepositions, compare Middle Low German dāle (“(in/to the) valley”), i.e. "down(wards)".

noncog

a down cow

(veterinary medicine, of a cow) Stranded in a recumbent position; unable to stand.


palm

→ Malay: palma, ڤلما

From Middle English palme, from Old English palm, palma (“palm-tree, palm-branch”), from Latin palma (“palm-tree, palm-branch, palm of the hand”), from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₂meh₂, *pl̥h₂emeh₂ (“palm of the hand”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (“flat”). Cognate with Dutch palm, German Palme, Danish palme, Icelandic pálmur (“palm”).

der

(scouting) Any of 23 awards that can be earned after obtaining the Eagle Scout rank, but generally only before turning 18 years old.


ad libitum

Unadapted borrowing from New Latin ad libitum.

ubor

(agriculture, sciences) without restriction.


festoon

A raised cable with light globes attached.

(technology) A specific style of electric light bulb consisting of a cylindrical enclosure with two points of contact on either end providing power to the filament or diode.

(manufacturing) Two sets of rollers used to create a buffer of material on web handling equipment.

(dentistry) Texturing applied to a denture to simulate human tissue.


maiden

From Middle English mayden, meiden, from Old English mæġden (“girl”), originally a diminutive of mæġeþ (“girl”) via diminutive suffix -en, from Proto-West Germanic *magaþ, from Proto-Germanic *magaþs. Equivalent to maid + -en.

(horse racing) A racehorse without any victory, i.e. one having a "virgin record".

(horse racing) A horse race in which all starters are maidens.


blow

en-noun

blow (countable and uncountable, plural blows)

From Middle English blowen, from Old English blāwan (“to blow, breathe, inflate, sound”), from Proto-West Germanic *blāan, from Proto-Germanic *blēaną (“to blow”) (compare German blähen), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₁- (“to swell, blow up”) (compare Latin flō (“to blow”) and Old Armenian բեղուն (bełun, “fertile”)).


break

From Middle English breken, from Old English brecan (“to break”), from Proto-West Germanic *brekan, from Proto-Germanic *brekaną (“to break”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- (“to break”). The word is a doublet of bray.
Cognates
Cognates of Germanic origin include Scots brek (“to break”), West Frisian brekke (“to break”), Dutch breken (“to break”), Low German breken (“to break”), German brechen (“to break”), French broyer (“to crush, grind”), Gothic 𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (brikan, “to break, destroy”), Norwegian brek (“desire, yearning”).
Also cognate with Albanian brishtë (“fragile”), Latin frangō (“break, break up, shatter”, verb), whence English fracture and other terms – fragile, frail, fraction, and fragment.

cog

Cigar was distracted at the break and let his five opponents get the jump.

1999, Jay Hovdey, Cigar: America's Horse, page 63:

Perhaps it stumbles to its knees at the break, effectively losing the race at the outset.

2010, John Alexander, Exotic Wagering the Winning Way, page 60:

(horse racing) The start of a horse race.


fire

en-verb

fire (third-person singular simple present fires, present participle firing, simple past and past participle fired)

fires (present singular third-person)
firing (participle present)
fired (participle past)
fired (past)
fire (infinitive)

From Middle English firen, fyren, furen, from Old English fȳrian (“to make a fire”), from the noun (see above). Cognate with Old Frisian fioria (“to light a fire”), Saterland Frisian fjuurje (“to fire”), Middle Dutch vûren, vueren, vieren (“to set fire”), Dutch vuren (“to fire, shoot”), Old High German fiuren (“to ignite, set on fire”), German feuern (“to fire”).

udløse

computer sciences, software engineering: to initiate an event


drove

From Middle English drove, drof, draf, from Old English drāf (“action of driving; a driving out, expulsion; drove, herd, band; company, band; road along which cattle are driven”), from Proto-Germanic *draibō (“a drive, push, movement, drove”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰreybʰ- (“to drive, push”). Cognate with Scots drave, dreef (“drove, crowd”), Dutch dreef (“a walkway, wide road with trees, drove”), Middle High German treip (“a drove”), Swedish drev (“a drive, drove”), Icelandic dreif (“a scattering, distribution”). More at drive.

cog

used in some regions of the US, particularly the Midwest

in droves

(figuratively, by extension, usually in the plural) A large number of people on the move.

A road or track along which cattle are habitually, used to be or coil be driven; a droveway.

karjapolku

road or track along which cattle are habitually driven — see also droveway


drove

en-verb

drove (third-person singular simple present droves, present participle droving, simple past and past participle droved)

droves (present singular third-person)
droving (participle present)
droved (participle past)
droved (past)

From earlier drave, from Middle English drave, draf, from Old English drāf, first and third person singular indicative preterite of drīfan (“to drive”).

He's droving now with Conroy's sheep along the Castlereagh.

1890, Banjo Paterson, The Man from Snowy River:

To herd cattle; particularly over a long distance.

transumare

to herd cattle, to move cattle over a long distance


bull

en-noun

bull (countable and uncountable, plural bulls)

bear

investor who sells in anticipation of a fall in prices

From Middle English bole, bul, bule, from a conflation of Old English bula (“bull, steer”) and Old Norse boli, both from Proto-Germanic *bulô (“bull”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰl̥no-, from *bʰel- (“to blow, swell up”). Cognate with West Frisian bolle, Dutch bul, German Low German Bull, German Bulle, Swedish bulla; also Old Irish ball (“limb”), Latin follis (“bellows, leather bag”), Thracian βόλινθος (“wild bull”), Macedonian вол (vol, "ox"), Slovene vol ("ox"), Albanian buall (“buffalo”) or related bolle (“testicles”), Ancient Greek φαλλός (phallós, “penis”).

rozzer. See also Thesaurus:police officer


bull

a bull elephant

(attributive, of large mammals) Adult male.


bull

From Middle English bulle, from Old French bulle, from Latin bulla, from Gaulish. Doublet of bull (“bubble”) and bulla.

A papal bull, an official document or edict from the Pope.


wine

wine (countable and uncountable, plural wines)

Tok Pisin: wain
→ Rotokas: uain

→ Burmese: ဝိုင် (wuing)

→ Central Melanau: wain

→ Chuukese: wain

→ Ewe: wein

→ Hawaiian: waina

→ Japanese: ワイン (wain)

→ Kannada: ವೈನ್ (vain)

→ Korean: 와인 (wain)

→ Malay: wain

→ Maori: wāina

→ Navajo: wáán

→ Tamil: வைன் (vaiṉ)

→ Thai: ไวน์ (waai)

From Middle English wyn, win, from Old English wīn, from Proto-West Germanic *wīn, from Proto-Germanic *wīną, either directly or via Latin vīnum (from Proto-Italic *wīnom) from Proto-Indo-European *wóyh₁nom (“wine”). Doublet of vine and vino.

خَمْر

alcoholic beverage made from other fruits, vegetables or plants

And David's Lips are lock't; but in divine
High piping Péhlevi, with "Wine! Wine! Wine!
Red Wine!" — the Nightingale cries to the Rose
That yellow Cheek of her's to'incarnadine.

1859, Edward Fitzgerald, The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám: The Astronomer-Poet of Persia, page 2:

In Europe then [1925] we thought of wine as something as healthy and normal as food and also as a great giver of happiness and well being and delight. Drinking wine was not a snobbism nor a sign of sophistication nor a cult; it was as natural as eating and to me as necessary, and I would not have thought of eating a meal without drinking either wine or cider or beer.

1964, Ernest Hemingway, A Moveable Feast, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC, page 156:

Wine is usually stronger than beer.

"Wine improves with age but I improve with wine," she slurred as she slid gracefully beneath the table.

An alcoholic beverage made by fermenting grape juice, with an ABV ranging from 5.5–16%.

...dandelion wine, rice wine, plum wine...

An alcoholic beverage made by fermenting other substances, producing a similar ABV.


wine

A variant of wind with simplification of the final consonant cluster; for the vowel quality, compare find, mind, rind.

Vor voices rawze upon tha wine

1850, James Orchard Halliwell, A Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words, Obsolete Phrases, Proverbs, and Ancient Customs, from the Fourteenth Century:

Aw how sholl I tell o’m—vor âll pirty maidens / When I pass’d ’em look’d back—ther smill rawze on tha wine.

1869, James Jennings, The Dialect of the West of England, particularly Somersetshire:


wine

en-verb

wine (third-person singular simple present wines, present participle wining, simple past and past participle wined)

wines (present singular third-person)
wining (participle present)
wined (participle past)
wined (past)

From Jamaican Creole [Term?], related to wind (verb).

Even when there are positive comments, as in the responses to “white boy wines to dancehall,” the origin of the white boy's ability to dance is attributed to skills derived from others: […].

2010, Andoni Alonso, Pedro Oiarzabal, editors, Diasporas in the New Media Age: Identity, Politics, and Community, University of Nevada Press, →ISBN:

(dance, intransitive) To perform a Jamaican dance, such as the Dutty Wine.


why

From Middle English why, from Old English hwȳ (“why”), from Proto-Germanic *hwī (“by what, how”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷey, instrumental case of *kʷis (“who”), *kʷid (“what”).
Cognate with Old Saxon hwī (“why”), hwiu (“how; why”), Middle High German wiu (“how, why”), archaic Danish and Norwegian Bokmål hvi (“why”), Norwegian Nynorsk kvi (“why”), Swedish vi (“why”), Faroese and Icelandic hví (“why”), Latin quī (“why”), Doric Greek πεῖ (peî, “where”), Ukrainian чи (čy, “if”), Polish czy, Czech či (“or”), Serbo-Croatian či (“if”). Compare Old English þȳ (“because, since, on that account, therefore, then”, literally “by that, for that”). See thy.

cog

Why is the sky blue?

Why did you do that?

I don’t know why he did that

Tell me why the moon changes phase.

Why do you have a map of the world?
Audio (US): (file)

2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)

(interrogative) For what cause, reason, or purpose.

For what cause, reason, or purpose.
Introducing a complete question.

Why don't you ask her out for dinner?

With a negative, used rhetorically to make a suggestion.

Why spend money on something you already get for free?

Why not tell him how you feel?

Introducing a verb phrase (bare infinitive clause).

Why him? Why not someone taller?

For what cause, reason, or purpose.
Introducing a noun or other phrase.


why

whys (plural)
why's (plural)
whies (plural)

A good article will cover the who, the what, the when, the where, the why and the how.

Within months of leaving, she became the new owner of Dream Body Recovery in Miami, which has three rooms that can accommodate up to six clients. “Being a part of this journey with other ladies, knowing how it changed my life, that’s my why,” she told me.

2022 May 11, Sandra E. Garcia, “Butt Lifts Are Booming. Healing Is No Joke.”, in The New York Times Magazine:


weight

en-verb

weight (third-person singular simple present weights, present participle weighting, simple past and past participle weighted)

weights (present singular third-person)
weighting (participle present)
weighted (participle past)
weighted (past)

From Middle English weight, weiȝte, weght, wight, from Old English wiht, ġewiht (“weight”), from Proto-Germanic *wihtiz ("weight"; compare *weganą (“to move”)), from Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ- (“to move; pull; draw; drive”). Equivalent to weigh + -th.
Cognate with Scots wecht, weicht (“weight”), Saterland Frisian Wächte (“scale”), Gewicht (“weight”), West Frisian gewicht (“weight”), Dutch gewicht (“weight”), German Low German Wicht, Gewicht (“weight”), German Wucht (“massiveness, force”), Gewicht (“weight”).

gloss

"weight"; compare <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*weganą</i> (“to move”)

inh

(transitive, horse racing) To handicap a horse with a specified weight.


whistler

From Middle English whisteler, whistlar, whystelare, from Old English hwistlere (“a player on a flute; a piper”), equivalent to whistle + -er.

Any of several passerine birds of the genera Pachycephala and Coracornis, of Australasia and the western Pacific.

A goldeneye (any of certain ducks of genus Bucephala).


chalk

en-noun

chalk (countable and uncountable, plural chalks)

→ Hindi: चाक (cāk)

→ Japanese: チャコ (chako), チョーク (chōku)

→ Nepali: चक (cak)

→ Swahili: chaki

→ Swazi: íshóki

→ Thai: ชอล์ก (chɔ́k)

→ Tsonga: choko

→ Tulu: ಚಾಕ್ (cākŭ)

→ Yoruba: ṣọ́ọ̀kì

From Middle English chalk, chalke, from Old English ċealc, from Proto-West Germanic *kalk, borrowed from Latin calx (“limestone”), again borrowed from Ancient Greek χάλιξ (khálix, “pebble”). Doublet of calx and cauk.

(US, sports, chiefly basketball, horse racing) The favorite in a sporting event.


overlay

/ˈəʊ.vəˌleɪ/

From Middle English overleyen, from Old English oferleċġan, from Proto-West Germanic *obarlaggjan, from Proto-Germanic *uberlagjaną, equivalent to over- + lay. Cognate with Saterland Frisian uurläze, úurlääse, Dutch overleggen, German Low German overleggen, överleggen, German überlegen, Swedish överlägga, Norwegian overlegge. Compare overlie.

(horse racing) A horse going off at higher odds than it appears to warrant, based on its past performances.


кот

be-noun

кот • (kot) m animal (genitive ката́, nominative plural каты́, genitive plural като́ў, relational adjective каці́ны, diminutive ко́цік or като́к)

kot (romanization)
ката́ (genitive)
каты́ (nominative plural)
като́ў (genitive plural)
каці́ны (adjective relational)
ко́цік (diminutive)
като́к (diminutive)
кот (nominative singular)
каты́ (nominative plural)
ката́ (genitive singular)
като́ў (genitive plural)
кату́ (dative singular)
ката́м (dative plural)
ката́ (accusative singular)
като́ў (accusative plural)
като́м (instrumental singular)
ката́мі (instrumental plural)
каце́ (locative singular)
ката́х (locative plural)
каты́ (count-form plural)


кот

ru-noun+

кот • (kot) m anim (genitive кота́, nominative plural коты́, genitive plural кото́в, feminine ко́шка, relational adjective коша́чий, diminutive ко́тик or кото́к, augmentative коти́ще or котя́ра, pejorative коша́к)

kot (romanization)
кота́ (genitive)
коты́ (nominative plural)
кото́в (genitive plural)
ко́шка (feminine)
коша́чий (adjective relational)
ко́тик (diminutive)
кото́к (diminutive)
коти́ще (augmentative)
котя́ра (augmentative)
коша́к (pejorative)
ко́т (nominative singular)
коты́ (nominative plural)
кота́ (genitive singular)
кото́в (genitive plural)
коту́ (dative singular)
кота́м (dative plural)
кота́ (accusative singular)
кото́в (accusative plural)
кото́м (instrumental singular)
кота́ми (instrumental plural)
коте́ (prepositional singular)
кота́х (plural prepositional)

Inherited from Old East Slavic котъ (kotŭ), from Proto-Slavic *kotъ.
Should be separated from коти́ться (kotítʹsja) (related to око́т (okót), catulus), the connection with this word is secondary.

inh+

кот в сапога́х

кот наплакал

Не всё коту́ ма́сленица, придёт и вели́кий пост.

All good things must come to an end; You have to take the rough with the smooth.

Ne vsjo kotú máslenica, pridjót i velíkij post.

купи́ть кота́ в мешке́


stick

en-noun

stick (countable and uncountable, plural sticks)

→ Catalan: estic

→ Italian: stick

→ Korean: 스틱 (seutik)

→ Portuguese: stique, estique

→ Sranan Tongo: tiki

From Middle English stikke (“stick, rod, twig”), from Old English sticca (“rod, twig”), from Proto-West Germanic *stikkō, from Proto-Germanic *stikkô, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to pierce, prick, be sharp”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Stikke (“stick”), West Flemish stik (“stick”). Related to stigma.

der

better than a poke in the eye with a burnt stick

better than a poke in the eye with a sharp stick

better than a poke in the eye with a shitty stick

it is easy to find a stick to beat a dog

(horse racing) The short whip carried by a jockey.

A stick-like item:
The short whip carried by a jockey.


swell

en-noun

swell (countable and uncountable, plural swells)

From Middle English swelle, from the verb swellen (modern swell).

kivimbe

music: device for controlling the volume of a pipe organ

The front brow of a saddle bow, connected in the tree by the two saddle bars to the cantle on the other end.


throw

en-verb

throw (third-person singular simple present throws, present participle throwing, simple past threw or (nonstandard) throwed, past participle thrown or (nonstandard) throwed or (nonstandard) threw)

throws (present singular third-person)
throwing (participle present)
threw (past)
throwed (nonstandard past)
thrown (participle past)
throwed (nonstandard participle past)
threw (nonstandard participle past)
throw (infinitive)

From Middle English throwen, thrawen, from Old English þrāwan (“to turn, twist”), from Proto-West Germanic *þrāan, from Proto-Germanic *þrēaną (“to twist, turn”), from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, rub by twisting, twist, turn”).
Cognate with Scots thraw (“to twist, turn, throw”), West Frisian triuwe (“to push”), Dutch draaien (“to turn”), Low German draien, dreien (“to turn (in a lathe)”), German drehen (“to turn”).
Displaced warp as the word for hurling and was displaced by warp as the word for twisting.

hedh

to cause an object to move rapidly through the air

heitellä

repeatedly, continuously and/or indifferently

people who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones

throw enough mud at the wall and some of it will stick

throw enough mud at the wall, some of it will stick

throw nickels around like manhole covers

throw oneself on someone's mercy not have a pot to piss in or a window to throw it out of

throw one's hotdog down someone's hallway

throw things at the wall and see what sticks

trust someone as far as one could throw them

At the end of the normal gestation period the cow threw two calf mummies as large as cats.

1916, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, volume 49:

They can kid twice a year if things are right, and they often throw twins and triplets.

2008, Monte Dwyer, Red In The Centre: The Australian Bush Through Urban Eyes, Monyer Pty Ltd, page 200:

(transitive, veterinary medicine) Of animals: to give birth to (young).


wet

wet (nominative singular)
wety (nominative plural)
wetu (genitive singular)
wetów (genitive plural)
wetowi (dative singular)
wetom (dative plural)
wet (accusative singular)
wety (accusative plural)
wetem (instrumental singular)
wetami (instrumental plural)
wecie (locative singular)
wetach (locative plural)
wecie (singular vocative)
wety (plural vocative)

(obsolete except in set phrases) compensation (something which is regarded as an equivalent; something which compensates for loss)

(archaic, in the plural) dessert (sweet dish or confection served as the last course of a meal)


wet

wet (nominative singular)
wetowie (nominative plural)
wety (derogatory nominative plural)
weta (genitive singular)
wetów (genitive plural)
wetowi (dative singular)
wetom (dative plural)
weta (accusative singular)
wetów (accusative plural)
wetem (instrumental singular)
wetami (instrumental plural)
wecie (locative singular)
wetach (locative plural)
wecie (singular vocative)
wetowie (plural vocative)
wety (derogatory plural vocative)

Clipping of weterynarz. Compare English vet.


mallard

From Middle English malard, mawlard, mawdelard, from Old French malard, malart, mallart (“male wild duck”), from Old French male, masle (“male”) + -ard, -art. Cognate with Medieval Latin maslardus, mallardus.

Anas platyrhynchos
Anas platyrhynchos#Translingual

Anas platyrhynchos, a common and widespread dabbling duck, natively found throughout the Northern Hemisphere, whose male has a distinctive dark green head.

rosa e vëndit

a common and widespread dabbling duck, Anas platyrhynchos


greylag goose

/ˌɡɹeɪlæɡ ˈɡuːs/

Anser anser, a goose that breads in northern Eurasia and winters in semitropical Asia.

tó wónaanídę́ę́ʼ naalʼeełítsoh łibáhígíí


ball

en-noun

ball (countable and uncountable, plural balls)

→ Cantonese: 波 (bo¹)

→ Japanese: ボール (bōru)

→ Makah: ba·la

→ Yoruba: bọ́ọ̀lù

From Middle English bal, ball, balle, from an unattested Old English *beall, *bealla (“round object, ball”) or Old Norse bǫllr (“a ball”), both from Proto-Germanic *balluz, *ballô (“ball”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰol-n- (“ball, bubble”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to blow, inflate, swell”). Cognate with Old Saxon ball, Dutch bal, Old High German bal, ballo (German Ball (“ball”); Ballen (“bale”)). Related forms in Romance are borrowings from Germanic. See also balloon, bale.

ампыл

object, generally spherical, used for playing games

туп

ballistics: a solid nonexplosive missile

cold enough to freeze the balls off a brass monkey

The laxative alterative has not this advantage, the aloes, of which it is composed, being extremely bitter, and therefore requiring to be given in the form of a ball.

1842, James White, A compendium of the veterinary art:

(farriery, historical) A large pill, a form in which medicine was given to horses; a bolus.


base

English: base

Scots: base

Borrowed from Old French base, from Latin basis, from Ancient Greek βᾰ́σῐς (bắsĭs), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷémtis.

The foundation, base, or bottom of a column, statue, or vase.

(rare) Padding inserted below a horse's bridle.

(rare, alchemy) The mix of metals used as a base for alchemical operations.


goat

en-noun

goat (countable and uncountable, plural goats)

→ Abenaki: kots (from "goats")

→ Marshallese: koot

→ Rotokas: goti

→ Tongan: koti, kosi

desctree

→ Samoan: ʻoti
→ Rotuman: ʻoti
→ Tokelauan: oti

From Middle English goot, got, gat, from Old English gāt, from Proto-West Germanic *gait, from Proto-Germanic *gaits, from a substrate language.
The sense of lecherous man derives from the slang expression "horny as a goat".

(acronym) Alternative letter-case form of GOAT (“Greatest of All Time”)


flat

From Middle English flat, a borrowing from Old Norse flatr (compare Norwegian and Swedish flat, Danish flad), from Proto-Germanic *flataz, from Proto-Indo-European *pleth₂- (“flat”); akin to Saterland Frisian flot (“smooth”), German Flöz (“a geological layer”), Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús), Latvian plats, Sanskrit प्रथस् (prathas, “extension”). Doublet of plat and pleyt.
The noun is from Middle English flat (“level piece of ground, flat edge of a weapon”), from the adjective.
The algebraic sense was coined by Serre in a 1956 paper, originally as French plat.

inh

This horse will do better over the flat.

flat racing, the flat season

In light of Horse Racing Ireland's Covid-19 contingency plan announcement, that whenever racing resumes the Flat will be given priority, Elliott has decided to keep a number of talented jumpers on the go during the summer, with a view towards a dual-purpose campaign.

2020, Brian Sheerin, Racing Post, "Gordon Elliott maps out summer Flat campaigns for talented jumpers" (article) https://www.racingpost.com/news/gordon-elliott-maps-out-summer-flat-campaigns-for-talented-jumpers/431475

2021 (retrieved), racing365.com, "Flat Racing Explained" https://racing365.com/flat-racing-explained/
In British horse racing, the classics are a series of horse races run over the flat (i.e. without jumps).

An area of level ground (sometimes covered with shallow or tidal water).

(horse racing, with 'the' or attributively, sometimes with capital) Level horse-racing ground, as contrasted with courses incorporating jumps, or the racing done on such ground.

As forecast, Joe suspected nothing as he pottered round the flat in the sunshine, absorbed in the task of picking winners.

1963, George Blaikie, Scandals of Australia's Strange Past, Adelaide: Rigby Limited, page 117:

(Australia, horse racing, with 'the' or attributively, sometimes with capital) the area in the centre of a racecourse.


falcon

From Middle English faucoun, falcon, faulcon, from Old French falcun, from Late Latin falcō (“falcon”), of Germanic origin, probably via Frankish *falkō (“falcon, hawk”), from Proto-Germanic *falkô (“falcon”), from Proto-Indo-European *pol̑- (“pale”), from *pel- (“fallow”).
Cognates
Cognate with Old English *fealca, fealcen (“falcon”), Dutch valk (“falcon, hawk”), German Falke (“falcon, hawk”), Norwegian and Swedish falk (“falcon”), Icelandic fálki (“falcon”), French faucon (“falcon”), Italian falco (“falcon”), Spanish halcón (“falcon”), Portuguese falcão (“falcon”), Latin falco (“falcon”), Lithuanian pálšas (“pale”), Latvian bāls (“pale”), Latgalian buolgs (“pale”). More at fallow.

Any bird of the genus Falco, all of which are birds of prey.

(falconry) A female such bird, a male being a tiercel.


chicken

en-noun

chicken (countable and uncountable, plural chickens)

→ German: Chicken

→ Irish: sicín

→ Japanese: チキン (chikin)

→ Korean: 치킨 (chikin)

From Middle English chiken (also as chike > English chick), from Old English ċicen, ċycen (“chicken”), of uncertain origin. Possibly from Proto-West Germanic *kiukīn (“chicken”), or alternatively from Proto-West Germanic *kukkīn, equivalent to cock + -en.
Compare North Frisian schückling (“chicken”), Saterland Frisian Sjuuken (“chicken”), Dutch kuiken (“chick, chicken”), German Low German Küken (“chick”), whence German Küken (“chick”), (elevated, obsolete) German Küchlein (“chick”) and Old Norse kjúklingr (“chicken”).

run around like a chicken with its head cut off

Some chickens lay eggs almost every day. […] Chickens are kept for their meat, too.

1997, Beverley Randell, Clive Harper, Chickens, Nelson Thornes, →ISBN, page 8:

(countable) A domesticated subspecies of red junglefowl (Gallus gallus domesticus), especially so-called when young.

Don't play chicken with a freight train; you're guaranteed to lose.

The Mini surged forward too. The cars were hurtling towards each other across the pitch. This was a dangerous game of chicken. Who would crumble first?

2017, David Walliams [pseudonym; David Edward Williams], Bad Dad, London: HarperCollins Children’s Books, →ISBN:

A confrontational game in which the participants move toward each other at high speed (usually in automobiles); the player who turns first to avoid colliding into the other is the chicken (that is, the loser).


chicken

en-adj

chicken (comparative more chicken, superlative most chicken)

more chicken (comparative)
most chicken (superlative)

Why do you refuse to fight? Huh, I guess you're just too chicken.

(informal, sometimes derogatory) Cowardly.


rooster

From roost + -er. In the regions where it is used, displaced cock through taboo avoidance.

Their other dish […] contain'd a number of roast fowls—half a dozen, we suppose, & all roosters at this season no doubt.

The produce of two hens and a cock, or rooster, as the Yankees term that bird.

1836, Catharine Parr Traill, The Backwoods of Canada, page 308:

Chalk a circle for a rooster.

1922 February, James Joyce, “[Episode 16]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC, part III [Nostos], page 616:

(Canada, US, Kent, Australia, New Zealand) A male domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) or other gallinaceous bird.


guinea fowl

en-noun

guinea fowl (plural guinea fowls or guinea fowl)

guinea fowls (plural)
guinea fowl (plural)

A tiny white head with a small red wattle hanging from its beak was peeking into our tent. It whistled softly. I laughed. A guinea fowl.

2018, Nnedi Okorafor, Who Fears Death, HarperVoyager, page 273:

Any of several African birds of the family Numididae (6 species) resembling partridges.


tit

From Middle English tit, titte, tette, from Old English tit, titt, from Proto-West Germanic *titt, from Proto-Germanic *tittaz (“teat; nipple; breast”), of expressive origin.
Perhaps related to an original meaning “to suck”; compare Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-y-. Doublet of teat, which was borrowed from Old French.
Cognates
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Tit, Dutch tiet, dialectal Dutch tet, German Zitze, Titte, Hunsrik Ditz, Yiddish ציצע (tsitse).

onomatopoeic

expressive

I have enjoyed taking to my writing bureau and writing about poverty, benefit reform and the coalition government in the manner of a shit Dickens, or Orwell, but with tits.

2012, Caitlin Moran, Moranthology, Ebury Press, published 2012, page 13:

Sanch tossed his head back, threw open his shirt, cupped his beanbag-shaped male breasts and jiggled them at us. Ford and I were laughing but Kat said, "I think they're the most beautiful tits."

Sun readers don't care who runs the country as long as she's got big tits.

1987, “A Conflict of Interest”, in Antony Jay, Jonathan Lynn, directors, Yes, Prime Minister, season 2, episode 4, spoken by Bernard Woolley (Derek Fowlds), BBC2:

(slang, vulgar, chiefly in the plural) A person's breast or nipple.

Look at that tit driving on the wrong side of the road!

I know a lot of tits, Guv'nor. But I don't know any quite as fucking stupid as these two.

2000, Guy Ritchie, Snatch (motion picture), spoken by Errol (Andy Beckwith):

“What did you say to the cops?”
“I told them everything about the smuggling ring.”
“Why the fuck did you do that?”
“They were nice to me.”
“They’re always nice to people they want to get information from, you dumb tit.”

2002, Dick Plamondon, Have You Ever Been Screwed, iUniverse, →ISBN, page 234:

John Watson (to Sherlock Holmes): It's Lestrade. Says they're all coming over here right now. Queuing up to slap on the handcuffs, every single officer you ever made feel like a tit. Which is a lot of people.

2012 January 15, Stephen Thompson, "The Reichenbach Fall", episode 2-3 of Sherlock, 00:52:46-00:52:55

“I asked Nandor and Colin Robinson to come with me on the first day because I didn't want the class to look too empty. But now I cannot get those two tits to leave.”

2023 August 17, Jeremy Levick & Rajat Suresh, “Hybrid Creatures” (5:12 from the start), in What We Do in the Shadows, season 5, episode 7, spoken by Nadja of Antipaxos (Natasia Demetriou):

(UK, Ireland, derogatory, slang) An idiot; a fool.

(UK, Ireland, slang, derogatory) A police officer; a "tithead".


tit

Probably of North Germanic/Scandinavian origin; found earliest in titling and titmouse; compare Faroese títlingur, dialectal Norwegian titling (“small stockfish”).
Wikispecies

A chickadee; a small passerine bird of the genus Parus or the family Paridae, common in the Northern Hemisphere.

Any of various other small passerine birds.


peacock

→ Hawaiian: pīkake
→ English: pikake

→ Maori: pīkake

From Middle English pecok, pekok, pocok, pacok, equivalent to pea (“peafowl; peacock”) + cock. Compare Old Norse páfugl (“peacock”, literally “pea-fowl”), and English peahen, peachick, etc.

cog

Coordinate term: turkeycock

The ſpring diſplaying her elegant taſte, the proud walk of the gold-feathered pheaſant, the light tread of the ſmall-hoofed hind, and the dancing of the ſtar-trained peacock, infuſed joy into the ſoul of the ſpectator of the aſtoniſhing works of the Creator.

1769, Firishta, translated by Alexander Dow, Tales translated from the Persian of Inatulla of Delhi, volume I, Dublin: P. and W. Wilson et al., page v:

A male peafowl, especially Pavo cristatus, notable for its brilliant iridescently ocellated tail.

A peafowl (of the genus Pavo or Afropavo), either male or female.

аԥса́ркәты

pheasant of one of the genera Pavo and Afropavo

(entomology) Any of various Asian species of papilionid butterflies of the genus Papilio.


vole

vole (nominative singular)
volata (nominative plural)
volete (genitive singular)
volat (genitive plural)
voleti (dative singular)
volatům (dative plural)
vole (accusative singular)
volata (accusative plural)
vole (singular vocative)
volata (plural vocative)
voleti (locative singular)
volatech (locative plural)
voletem (instrumental singular)
volaty (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *voľe with unclear origin; possibly related to German schwellen, Wulst.

crop, craw (pouch-like part of the alimentary tract of some birds)


cattle

en-noun

cattle pl (normally plural, singular cattle)

From Middle English catel, from Anglo-Norman catel (“personal property”), from Old Northern French (compare French cheptel, Old French chetel, chatel, also English chattel) from Medieval Latin capitāle, from Latin capitālis (“of the head”) (whence also capital, from caput (“head”) + -alis (“-al”)). For the sense evolution, compare pecuniary and fee. Also compare Russian поголо́вье (pogolóvʹje, “total number of livestock”) from Russian голова́ (golová, “head”). Doublet of capital and chattel.

m+

Do you want to raise cattle?

Domesticated animals of the species Bos taurus (cows, bulls, steers, oxen etc).


ibex

ibex (plural)
ibexes (plural)
ibices (plural)

From Latin ībex (“chamois”), possibly from Iberian or Aquitanian; akin to Old Spanish bezerro (“bull”) (modern becerro (“yearling”)).

A type of wild mountain goat of the genus Capra, such as the species Capra ibex.


ibex

El club se ha quedado sin más mensajes que la purpurina de las listas de Forbes sobre los clubes más ricos del mundo, los Balones de Oro, la evangelización madridista con puentes en Indonesia o Australia y ese deslumbrante palco de la casa blanca por el que desfilan políticos y empresarios de todos los ibex de este mundo.

2015 November 23, “La pelota es de Florentino”, in El País:


mouflon

Unadapted borrowing from French mouflon, from Italian muflone. From 1765–1775.

One of the most modified domesticates is the sheep, the various breeds of which bear little resemblance to its wild ancestor, the mouflon.

2018, Tim Flannery, Europe: A Natural History, page 237:

A species of wild sheep, Ovis orientalis musimon, syn. Ovis aries musimon, endemic to Sardinia and Corsica.


mouflon

→ English: mouflon

→ German: Mufflon


pig

en-noun

pig (countable and uncountable, plural pigs)

Hawaiian Creole: pig

Torres Strait Creole: pig

Tok Pisin: pik

→ Abenaki: piks (from "pigs")

→ Malecite-Passamaquoddy: piks (from "pigs")

Pronunciation example of the word Pig in British English.ogg

From Middle English pigge (“pig, pigling”) (originally a term for a young pig, with adult pigs being swyn), apparently from Old English *picga (attested only in compounds, such as picgbrēad (“mast, pig-fodder”)), from Proto-West Germanic *piggō, *puggō (“piglet”). Compare Middle Dutch pogge, puggen, pigge, pegsken (“pigling”), Middle Low German pugge, pûke (“piglet”). Pokorny suggests this root might be somehow related to *bū-, *bew- (“to blow; swell”), which could account for the alternation between "pig" and "big".
A connection to early modern Dutch bigge (contemporary big (“piglet”)), West Frisian bigge (“pigling”), and similar terms in Middle Low German is sometimes proposed, "but the phonology is difficult". Some sources say the words are "almost certainly not" related, others consider a relation "probable, but not certain".
The slang sense of "police officer" is attested since at least 1785.

cuto (Northern Spain - specifically Aragon, La Rioja and Navarra)

even a blind pig can find an acorn once in a while

The man kept a pen with two pigs that he fed everything from carrots to cabbage.

[…]and at the back a rambling courtledge of barns and walls, around which pigs and bare-foot children grunted in loving communion of dirt.

1855, Charles Kingsley, “How Salvation Yeo Slew the King of the Gubbings”, in Westward Ho!: Or, The Voyages and Adventures of Sir Amyas Leigh, Knight, […], volume II, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Macmillan & Co., →OCLC, page 113:

(countable) Any of several mammalian species of the genus Sus or the family Suidae, having cloven hooves, bristles and a nose adapted for digging; especially the domesticated animal Sus domesticus.

Weanlings grow into feeder pigs, and feeder pigs grow into slaughter hogs. […] Ultimately the end use for virtually all pigs and hogs is to be slaughtered for the production of pork and other products.

2005 April, Live Swine from Canada, Investigation No. 731-TA-1076 (Final), publication 3766, April 2005, U.S. International Trade Commission, →ISBN, page I-9:

(specifically) A young swine, a piglet (contrasted with a hog, an adult swine).

Unfortunately, the pig sent to clear the obstruction got lodged in a tight bend, adding to the problem.

(engineering) A device for cleaning or inspecting the inside of an oil or gas pipeline, or for separating different substances within the pipeline. Named for the pig-like squealing noise made by their progress.

porsas

device to clean or inspect a pipe from inside


pig

He tell um, “Go.” So dey wen let go da guys, an go take ova da pigs. An you know wat? All da pigs wen run down one steep hill an fall ova da cliff inside da lake, an drown inside da water.

2000, “Matthew 8”, in Joseph Grimes, transl., Da Jesus Book: Hawaii Pidgin New Testament, Wycliffe Bible Translators, →ISBN, page 110:

And he said unto them, Go. And they came out, and went into the swine: and behold, the whole herd rushed down the steep into the sea, and perished in the waters.

(countable) pig (any of several mammalian species of the genus Sus or the family Suidae, having cloven hooves, bristles and a nose adapted for digging; especially the domesticated animal Sus domesticus)


pig

From Middle English pigge, pygge, from Old English *picga (“pig; pigling”), see English pig.
Sense of "vessel; jar" is from Middle English pygg, perhaps an extension of the above.


pig

Possibly from Middle English pyke (“pike, sharp point”). Cognate with Breton beg.

bor

(as y big) pip (a respiratory disease in birds such as coryza)


wild boar

en-noun

wild boar (plural wild boars or wild boar)

The San Juan market is Mexico City's most famous deli of exotic meats, where an adventurous shopper can hunt down hard-to-find critters such as ostrich, wild boar and crocodile.

2013 July 26, Nick Miroff, “Mexico gets a taste for eating insects […] ”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 7, page 32:

A wild swine native to Eurasia and North Africa (Sus scrofa), now widely distributed elsewhere and ancestor of most domestic pig breeds.


ram

From Middle English ram, rom, ramme, from Old English ramm (“ram”), from Proto-Germanic *rammaz (“ram”), possibly from *rammaz (“strong”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Rom (“ram”), Dutch ram (“a male sheep”), German Ramm, Ramme (“ram”). Possibly akin also to Danish ram (“sharp; acrid; rank”), Swedish ram (“strong; perfect”), Faroese ramur (“strong; competent”), Icelandic rammur (“strong; sturdy”).

(zoology, agriculture) A male sheep, typically uncastrated.

A battering ram; a heavy object used for breaking through doors.

He describes the operation thus: "The heavy ram employed to impart the finishing strokes, hoisted up with double purchase and snail's pace to the summit of the Piling Engine, and then falling down like a thunderbolt on the head of the devoted timber, driving it perhaps a single half inch in to the stratum below, is well calculated to put to the test the virtue of patience, while it illustrates the old adage of—slow and sure."

1952 July, W. R. Watson, “Sankey Viaduct and Embankment”, in Railway Magazine, page 487:

A weight which strikes a blow, in a ramming device such as a pile driver, steam hammer, or stamp mill.


ram

en-adj

ram (comparative more ram, superlative most ram)

more ram (comparative)
most ram (superlative)

Likely from Old Norse ramr, rammr (“strong, rank, bitter”), from Proto-Germanic *rammaz (“strong, overbearing; acrid, rank”), perhaps ultimately related to Etymology 1 above. Compare Scots ram (“a rank odour”). Compare also Middle English rammish (“rank, offensive in smell”).

cog

(Northern England) Rancid; offensive in smell or taste.


ram

nl-noun

ram m (plural rammen, diminutive rammetje n, feminine ooi)

rammen (plural)
rammetje (diminutive neuter)
ooi (feminine)

Afrikaans: ram

From Middle Dutch ram (“a male sheep”), from Old Dutch *ram, of West-Germanic origin, possibly from Proto-Germanic *rammaz (“strong”). Cognate to English ram (“a male sheep”). The sense "battering ram" was borrowed as a semantic loan from Latin ariēs in Middle Dutch.


ram

English: ram

Scots: ram

From Old English ramm, from Proto-Germanic *rammaz.


ram

ram (indefinite nominative singular)
rams (genitive indefinite singular)
ramen (definite nominative singular)
ramens (definite genitive singular)
ramar (indefinite nominative plural)
ramars (genitive indefinite plural)
ramarna (definite nominative plural)
ramarnas (definite genitive plural)

→ Finnish: raami

→ Ingrian: raami

From Old Swedish rama, borrowed from Middle Low German rāme, from Old Saxon hrama.

frame, boundaries (the set of options for actions given)


Rom

From Old Frisian *ram, from Proto-Germanic *rammaz. Cognates include West Frisian raam and German Ramme.


house

house (nominative singular)
housy (nominative plural)
housu (genitive singular)
housů (genitive plural)
housu (dative singular)
housům (dative plural)
house (accusative singular)
housy (accusative plural)
house (singular vocative)
housy (plural vocative)
housu (locative singular)
housech (locative plural)
housem (instrumental singular)
housy (instrumental plural)


pull

en-verb

pull (third-person singular simple present pulls, present participle pulling, simple past and past participle pulled)

pulls (present singular third-person)
pulling (participle present)
pulled (participle past)
pulled (past)

push

antonym(s) of “apply force to (something) so it comes towards one”

-ʊl (accents with foot–goose merger or full–fool merger)

Verb from Middle English pullen, from Old English pullian (“to pull, draw, tug, pluck off”), of uncertain ultimate origin. Related to West Frisian pûlje (“to shell, husk”), Middle Dutch pullen (“to drink”), Middle Dutch polen (“to peel, strip”), Low German pulen (“to pick, pluck, pull, tear, strip off husks”), Icelandic púla (“to work hard, beat”).
Noun from Middle English pul, pull, pulle, from the verb pullen (“to pull”).

cog

it's not the whistle that pulls the train

pull someone's chestnuts out of the fire

'I never liked Bowler, and I had my suspicions when Captain Ferndale persuaded you to put him up in that race. I did not discover until some time after that he pulled the horse.'

1897, Nat Gould, Not So Bad After All, page 200:

(horse racing, transitive) To impede the progress of (a horse) to prevent its winning a race.


pull

pulli (genitive)
pulli (partitive)
pull (nominative singular)
pullid (nominative plural)
pull (accusative nominative singular)
pullid (accusative nominative plural)
pulli (accusative genitive singular)
pullid (accusative genitive plural)
pulli (genitive singular)
pullide (genitive plural)
pulli (partitive singular)
pulle (partitive plural)
pullisid (partitive plural)
pulli (illative singular)
pullisse (illative singular)
pullidesse (illative plural)
pullesse (illative plural)
pullis (inessive singular)
pullides (inessive plural)
pulles (inessive plural)
pullist (elative singular)
pullidest (elative plural)
pullest (elative plural)
pullile (allative singular)
pullidele (allative plural)
pullele (allative plural)
pullil (adessive singular)
pullidel (adessive plural)
pullel (adessive plural)
pullilt (ablative singular)
pullidelt (ablative plural)
pullelt (ablative plural)
pulliks (singular translative)
pullideks (plural translative)
pulleks (plural translative)
pullini (singular terminative)
pullideni (plural terminative)
pullina (essive singular)
pullidena (essive plural)
pullita (abessive singular)
pullideta (abessive plural)
pulliga (comitative singular)
pullidega (comitative plural)

From Middle Low German bulle. First attested in 1648.

(by extension) any male animal, especially a moose


sog

From Dutch zog or zoog, dialectal variants of zeug, from Middle Dutch soge, suege, from Old Dutch *soga, from Proto-West Germanic *sugu.


sal

salen (definite singular)
saler (indefinite plural)
salene (definite plural)

a large room in which parties and meetings and similar are held; a hall.


sal

salen (definite singular)
salar (indefinite plural)
salane (definite plural)

From Old Norse salr, from Proto-Germanic *saliz.

a large room in which parties and meetings and similar are held; a hall


roebuck

From Middle English roobukke; equivalent to roe + buck (“male deer”). Doublet of rhebok.

From the thick copse the roebucks bound,
The startled red-deer scuds the plain […]

1807, “Cadyow Castle”, in The Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, volume 4, Walter Scott:


bible

From Middle English bible, from Middle Latin biblia (“book”) (misinterpreted as a feminine from earlier Latin neuter plural biblia (“books”)), from Ancient Greek βιβλία (biblía, “books”), plural of βιβλίον (biblíon, “small book”), originally a diminutive of βίβλος (bíblos, “book”), from βύβλος (búblos, “papyrus”) (from the ancient Phoenician city of Byblos which exported this writing material).
Old English used biblioþēce (from βιβλιοθήκη) and ġewritu (> English writs) for "the Scriptures".

Omasum, the third compartment of the stomach of ruminants


princess

From Middle English princesse, a borrowing from Anglo-Norman princesse, Old French princesse. By surface analysis, prince + -ess.

She did not cry long, however, for she was as brave as could be expected of a princess of her age.

1872, George MacDonald, The Princess and the Goblin:

A female member of a royal family other than a queen, especially a daughter or granddaughter of a monarch.

And running all with greedie ioyfulnesse / To faire Irena, at her feet did fall, / And her adored with due humblenesse, / As their true Liege and Princesse naturall […]

1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book V, Canto XII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

(now archaic) A female ruler or monarch; a queen.

Princess Grace was the Princess of Monaco.

The wife of a prince; the female ruler of a principality.

принцеса

wife of a prince; female ruler of a principality

בַּת לְמֶלֶכַּה

ḇát̬ ləmélékáh

A Bulgarian open-faced baked sandwich prepared with ground meat.


empress

From Middle English emperice, emperesse, from Anglo-Norman and Old French empereriz, from Latin imperatrix, equivalent to emperor + -ess. Doublet of imperatrix. Compare modern French impératrice.

Sit downe by her: adorned with my Crowne,
As if thou wert the Empreſſe of the world.

c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act III, scene iii:

The female monarch (ruler) of an empire.


monarch

From Middle French monarque, from Late Latin monarcha, from Ancient Greek μονάρχης (monárkhēs), variant of μόναρχος (mónarkhos, “sole ruler”), from μόνος (mónos, “only”) + ἀρχός (arkhós, “leader”), equivalent to mono- + -arch.
* (butterfly): See monarch butterfly.

But I know the monarchs are close by, their orange-and-black wings folded, dusted, and baked by heat, ready to flee south.

2019, Ocean Vuong, On Earth We're Briefly Gorgeous, Jonathan Cape, page 223:

Danaus plexippus
Danaus plexippus#Translingual

A monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) and others of genus Danaus, found primarily in North America.


tissue

en-noun

tissue (countable and uncountable, plural tissues)

From Middle English tissu, from Old French tissu (“woven”), past participle of tistre (“to weave”), from Latin texō (“to weave”).

Pricing the first show is a matter of the bookmaker's individual judgment, relying upon advice from all quarters, particularly the tissue; but very soon in the betting exchanges it becomes clear that the sole criterion for the fixing of a horse's price is demand.

2016, Gerald Hammond, The Language of Horse Racing:

(horse racing, slang) The scratch sheet or racing form.


handle

desctree

→ Japanese: ハンドル (handoru)
→ Hokkien: 捍多路 (hăn-tó͘-luh)
→ Sakizaya: handulu

From Middle English handel, handle, from Old English handle (“a handle”), from handlian (“to handle, feel, deal with, discuss”). See verb below. Cognate with Danish handel (“a handle”).

(horse racing, gambling) The amount wagered in the various pari-mutuel pools for a particular event or events.


handle

(Uri) to stroke the teats of a dairy cow until they fill with milk


mare

stud and gelding refer to adult male horses

Danish language
Dutch language
German language
Icelandic language
Middle English language
North Frisian language
Old English language
Proto-Germanic language
Proto-West Germanic language
Scots language
Swedish language
West Frisian language

From Middle English mare, mere, from Old English mīere (“female horse, mare”), from Proto-West Germanic *marhijā, from Proto-Germanic *marhijō (“female horse”), from *marhaz (“horse”).
Cognates
See also Scots mere, meir, mear (“mare”), North Frisian mar (“mare, horse”), West Frisian merje (“mare”), Dutch merrie (“mare”), Danish mær (“mare”), Swedish märr (“mare”), Icelandic meri (“mare”), German Mähre (“decrepit old horse”)), Old English mearh.

inh-lite

But then I had the [massive] flintlock by me for protection. ¶[…]The linen-press and a chest on the top of it formed, however, a very good gun-carriage; and, thus mounted, aim could be taken out of the window at the old mare feeding in the meadow below by the brook, and a 'bead' could be drawn upon Molly, the dairymaid, kissing the fogger behind the hedge,[…].

1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter 1, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC:

pony can refer to adult horses of either sex under a certain height


mare

Borrowed from Latin mare (“sea”). Doublet of mar and mere.

Kraken Mare (a lake of liquid hydrocarbons on Titan which is slightly larger than the Caspian Sea)

(planetology) On Saturn's moon Titan, any of several lakes which are large expanses of what is thought to be liquid hydrocarbons.


mandarin

→ Irish: mandairín

From Portuguese mandarim, mandarij, from Malay menteri, manteri, and its source, Sanskrit मन्त्रिन् (mantrin, “minister, councillor”), from मन्त्र (mantra, “counsel, maxim, mantra”) + -इन् (-in, an agent suffix). In Chinese folk etymology, the word originates from Mandarin 滿大人 /满大人 (Mǎndàrén, literally “Manchu important man”).

com

LIKE THE MANDARINS of old, the rulers of China live behind high walls. When they emerge, which they rarely do, they travel in cars with rear windows curtained like sedan chairs.
They live in the Chung Nan Hai, a walled park adjacent to the Forbidden City from where ancient dynasties ruled the Celestial Empire.

1991, Chris Mullin, The Year of the Fire Monkey (Fiction), London: Chatto & Windus, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 252:

(historical) A high government bureaucrat of the Chinese Empire.


stallion

From Middle English stalion, from Middle French estalon (whence modern French étalon), of Germanic origin, akin to stall. Displaced native Old English henġest.

An adult male horse.
A male horse kept primarily as a stud.


foal

From Middle English fole, from Old English fola, from Proto-West Germanic *folō, from Proto-Germanic *fulô, from pre-Germanic *pl̥Hon-, from Proto-Indo-European *pōlH- (“animal young”) (cognate with Saterland Frisian Foole, West Frisian fôle, foalle, Dutch veulen, German Low German Fohl, German Fohlen, Fohle, Swedish fåle; compare also Ancient Greek πῶλος (pôlos), Latin pullus, Albanian pelë (“mare”), Old Armenian ուլ (ul, “kid, fawn”). Related to filly.

inh

(mining, historical) A young boy who assisted the headsman by pushing or pulling the tub.


filly

From Old Norse fylja (whence Danish føl), related to foal. Cognate with Dutch veulen, German Fohlen.


colt

From Middle English colt, from Old English colt, from Proto-Germanic *kultaz (“plump; stump; thick shape, bulb”), from Proto-Indo-European *gelt- (“something round, pregnant belly, child in the womb”), from *gel- (“to ball up, amass”). Cognate with Faroese koltur (“colt, foal”) Norwegian kult (“treestump”), Swedish kult (“young boar, boy, lad”). Related to child.

der

The petty vices of boys are like the innocent kicks of colts, as yet imperfectly broken.

1857, Herman Melville, chapter XXII, in The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade:


colt

en-verb

colt (third-person singular simple present colts, present participle colting, simple past and past participle colted)

colts (present singular third-person)
colting (participle present)
colted (participle past)
colted (past)

Never talk on't: / She hath been colted by him.

1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv], line 133:

(obsolete, transitive) To horse; to get with young.


colt

English: colt

Scots: colt, cout, cowt

Yola: caule, caul, cawl, kawle

From Old English colt, from Proto-Germanic *kultaz.


colt

colt (nominative singular)
coltas (nominative plural)
colt (accusative singular)
coltas (accusative plural)
coltes (genitive singular)
colta (genitive plural)
colte (dative singular)
coltum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: colt, colte, collt, kowlt
English: colt
Scots: colt, cout, cowt
Yola: caule, caul, cawl, kawle

From Proto-Germanic *kultaz (“plump; stump; thick shape, bulb”), from Proto-Indo-European *gelt- (“something round, pregnant belly, child in the womb”), from *gel- (“to ball up, amass”).


calf

en-noun

calf (plural calves or (nonstandard) calfs)

calves (plural)
calfs (nonstandard plural)

From Middle English calf, from Anglian Old English cælf, calf (West Saxon ċealf); also cognate with German Kalb (“calf”), Dutch kalf (“calf”) and Danish kalv (“calf”), from Proto-Germanic *kalbaz, further etymology unknown.

New York, New Orleans, Philadelphia, Baltimore

Leather made of the skin of the calf; especially, a fine, light-coloured leather used in bookbinding.

A young deer, elephant, seal, whale or giraffe (also used of some other animals).

دَغْفَل

young deer, elephant, seal or whale (also used of some other animals)

kalv

of other animals, e.g., moose or antelope

1915 (published), 1848 (first written), Elisha Kent Kane, Adrift in the Arctic Ice Pack
Our swell ceases with this wind, and the floes seem disposed to come together again; but the days of winter have passed by, and the interposing calves prevent the apposition of the edges

A chunk of ice broken from a larger glacier, ice shelf, or iceberg.

kalv

chunk of ice broken off of a larger glacier, ice shelf, or iceberg


calf

From Middle English calf, kalf, from Old Norse kalfi, possibly derived from the same Germanic root as English calf (“young cow”) (above). Cognate with Icelandic kálfi (“calf of the leg”).

Sure, his calves are a little weak, but the rest of his physique is so overwhelming, he should place high.

1988, Steve Holman, “Christian Conquers Columbus”, in Ironman, 47 (6): 28-34:

The muscle in the back of the leg below the knee.


calf

Dutch: kalf

Limburgish: kalf

From Old Dutch calf, from Proto-Germanic *kalbaz.


calf

enm-noun

calf (plural calver(e) or calveren or calves)

calver (plural)
calveren (plural)
calves (plural)

English: calf

Scots: cauf, cawf, caff, calf

Yola: callef, calef, calluf

From Anglian Old English calf, cælf (West Saxon ċealf), Proto-West Germanic *kalb, from Proto-Germanic *kalbaz.

⁊ þe firſte beeſte .· liyk a lioun / ⁊ þe ſecounde beeſte .· lijk a calf / ⁊ þe þꝛidde beeſte .· hauynge a face as of a man / ⁊ þe fourþe beeſte .· liyk an egle fleynge

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Apocalips 4:7, page 118v, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

And the first beast [was] like a lion; and the second beast [was] like a calf; and the third beast had a face like a human; and the fourth beast [was] like an eagle flying.

A representation of a calf; something that looks like a calf.


gyre

Borrowed from Latin gȳrus (“circle; circular motion”), from Ancient Greek γῦρος (gûros, “circle; ring”), from Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to bend; to curve”). The English word is a doublet of gyro and gyrus.

der

(anatomy, zootomy, archaic) Synonym of gyrus (“a fold or ridge on the cerebral cortex of the brain”)


ewe

From Middle English ewe, from Old English eowu, from Proto-West Germanic *awi, from Proto-Germanic *awiz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ówis (“sheep”).
Cognates
See also Old English ēow (“sheep”), West Frisian ei, Dutch ooi, German Aue); also Old Irish oí, Latin ovis, Tocharian B ā(ᵤ)w, Lithuanian avìs (“ewe”), Russian овца́ (ovcá).

This twentie yeeres haue I bene with thee: thy ewes and thy ſhee goates haue not caſt their yong, and the rammes of thy flocke haue I not eaten.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 31:38, column 2:


ewe

English: ewe

Scots: yowe, yhow

Yola: yowe

Inherited from Old English eowu, from Proto-West Germanic *awi, from Proto-Germanic *awiz.

University of Michigan
w:University of Michigan


ewe

fro-noun

ewe oblique singular, f (oblique plural ewes, nominative singular ewe, nominative plural ewes)

ewe oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
ewes (oblique plural)
ewe (nominative singular)
ewes (nominative plural)


cheval

fr-noun

cheval m (plural chevaux, feminine jument)

Antillean Creole: chouval

Canadian French: joual

Guianese Creole: chouval

Haitian Creole: chwal

Michif: zhwal

→ English: cheval

→ Esperanto: ĉevalo

→ Garifuna: xuval

→ Malagasy: soavaly

→ Mi'kmaq: te'sipow

Inherited from Middle French cheval, from Old French cheval, from Late Latin caballus (“horse”), from Latin caballus (“pack horse”), of disputed origin.

à cheval donné on ne regarde pas la bride

à cheval donné on ne regarde pas les dents

ne pas se trouver sous le sabot d’un cheval

ne pas se trouver sous les sabots d’un cheval

(slang) a tall and slim woman, a beautiful woman (only in the feminine form, jument (lit., mare))


pet

pecik (diminutive)
pet (nominative singular)
pety (nominative plural)
peta (genitive singular)
petów (genitive plural)
petowi (dative singular)
petom (dative plural)
pet (accusative singular)
pety (accusative plural)
petem (instrumental singular)
petami (instrumental plural)
pecie (locative singular)
petach (locative plural)
pecie (singular vocative)
pety (plural vocative)


harem

harem (nominative singular)
haremy (nominative plural)
haremu (genitive singular)
haremów (genitive plural)
haremowi (dative singular)
haremom (dative plural)
harem (accusative singular)
haremy (accusative plural)
haremem (instrumental singular)
haremami (instrumental plural)
haremie (locative singular)
haremach (locative plural)
haremie (singular vocative)
haremy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish حرم (harem), from Arabic حَرَم (ḥaram). Doublet of haram.

bor+

harem (group of female animals (cows) herded and controlled by a male)


午

ngọ (Hán-Nôm)
ngỏ (Hán-Nôm)
ngõ (Hán-Nôm)

chữ Hán form of Ngọ (“seventh of the twelve earthly branches”).


嘴

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
ja:くちばし

Originally from 口(くち) (kuchi, “mouth”) + 端(はし) (hashi, “tip; edge”). The hashi changes to bashi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
First attested around 850 CE.
The kanji is composed of 口(くち) (kuchi) and 觜(はし) (hashi, “beak; bill”). See also Etymology 2.

ja-com

1999 March 1, “スピック [Spick]”, in BOOSTER 1, Konami:

It frightens faint-hearted opponents with its blaring wails and massive bill.

くちばしがとても大きく、大声で鳴き気の弱い相手を驚かせる。

Kuchibashi ga totemo ōkiku, ōgoe de naki kinoyowai aite o odorokaseru.

1999 March 1, “ディッグ・ビーク [Dig Beak]”, in BOOSTER 1, Konami:

It attacks with its beak as its long body coils like a snake.

ヘビのように長い体をまるめ、回転しながらくちばしで攻撃。

Hebi no yō ni nagai karada o marume, kaiten shi nagara kuchibashi de kōgeki.

1999 October 17, “くちばしヘビ [Beaked Snake]”, in BOOSTER 5, Konami:

It attacks by pecking at its opponent with its huge beak while constricting them with its long body.

相手を長い体で締め上げ、大きなくちばしでつついて攻撃。

Aite o nagai karada de shimeage, ōkina kuchibashi de tsutsuite kōgeki.


嘴

Cognate with 端(はし) (hashi, “tip; edge”).


塒

Compound of 寝(ね) (ne) + 座(くら) (kura). The kura changes to gura as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


hart

en-noun

hart (countable and uncountable, plural hart or harts)

From Middle English hert, from Old English heorot (“stag”), from Proto-West Germanic *herut, from Proto-Germanic *herutaz (compare Dutch hert, German Hirsch, Danish/Norwegian/Swedish hjort), from Pre-Germanic *kerudos, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“horn”).
Cognates
Compare Welsh carw (“deer”), Latin cervus (“deer”), cervīx (“nape of the neck”), Lithuanian kárvė (“cow”), Russian коро́ва (koróva, “cow”), Ancient Greek κόρυδος (kórudos, “crested lark”), κορυφή (koruphḗ, “summit, crown of the head”), κορύπτω (korúptō, “to butt with horns”), Avestan 𐬯𐬭𐬏 (srū), 𐬯𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬁 (sruuā, “horn; claw, talon”), Sanskrit शरभ (śarabhá, “mythical antelope”). More at horn.

cog

Coordinate term: hind (the female)

With milke-white Hartes vpon an Iuorie ſled,
Thou ſhalt be drawen amidſt the froſen Pooles,
And ſcale the yſie mountaines lofty tops:
Which with thy beautie will be soone reſolu’d.

c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene ii:

Then, finding Herds of luſtie Deare, / She Huntreſſe-like the Hart purſues; […]

1612, Michael Drayton, “The thirteenth Song”, in [John Selden], editor, Poly-Olbion. Or A Chorographicall Description of Tracts, Riuers, Mountaines, Forests, and Other Parts of this Renowned Isle of Great Britaine, […], London: […] [Humphrey Lownes] for M[athew] Lownes; I[ohn] Browne; I[ohn] Helme; I[ohn] Busbie, →OCLC, page 213:

(countable) A male deer, especially the male of the red deer after his fifth year.


尾

尾 (canonical)
o (romanization)
wo (romanization)
を (hiragana historical)

/wo/ → /o/
From Old Japanese 尾 (wo), from Proto-Japonic *bo.
First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE in the senses “tail” and “foot of a mountain”.


ile

īle (canonical neuter)
īlis (genitive)
īle (nominative singular)
īlia (nominative plural)
īlis (genitive singular)
īlium (genitive plural)
īlī (dative singular)
īlibus (dative plural)
īle (accusative singular)
īlia (accusative plural)
īlī (ablative singular)
īlibus (ablative plural)
īle (singular vocative)
īlia (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: ijë

French: iles

Romanian: ie

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *iliaris

Galician: illar

Old Spanish: ixar

Spanish: ijar, ijal

Portuguese: ilhal

Sardinian: iğğáre, illári

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *iliarica

Galician: illarga

Portuguese: ilharga

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *iliata

Catalan: illada

Spanish: ijada

desctree

→ French: jade
→ Catalan: jade
→ English: jade
→ German: Jade
→ Italian: giada
→ Portuguese: jade
→ Romanian: jad
→ Spanish: jade

Most likely from Ancient Greek εἰλεός (eileós, “colic”), from εἰλέω (eiléō, “throng, press”), from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“turn, wind, round”), same source as with Old Armenian գելում (gelum).

der

(chiefly in the plural, anatomy, zootomy) intestines, guts, entrails


彖

They will most likely reply that Fu Hsi composed the Eight Trigrams, when Wên Wang developed in sixty-four, and that Confucius wrote the definitions, illustrations, and annexes. By the joint efforts of these three Sages the Yiking was completed.

Wang Chong, Lun Heng (Discussive Weighing), 80 CE

Bǐ jiāng yìng yuē: “Fúxī zuò bāguà, Wénwáng yǎn wèi liùshísì, Kǒngzǐ zuò tuàn, xiàng, “jìcí”. Sānshèng zhòng yè, “yì” nǎi jù zú.”

彼將應曰：「伏羲作八卦，文王演為六十四，孔子作彖、象、《繫辭》。三聖重業，《易》乃具足。」

彼将应曰：「伏羲作八卦，文王演为六十四，孔子作彖、象、《系辞》。三圣重业，《易》乃具足。」

exposition on a divinatory trigram or hexagram from the I Ching


cardinal

ro-adj

cardinal m or n (feminine singular cardinală, masculine plural cardinali, feminine and neuter plural cardinale)

cardinală (feminine singular)
cardinali (masculine plural)
cardinale (feminine neuter plural)
cardinal (indefinite masculine neuter singular)
cardinală (feminine indefinite singular)
cardinali (indefinite masculine singular)
cardinale (feminine indefinite neuter plural)
cardinalul (definite masculine neuter singular)
cardinala (definite feminine singular)
cardinalii (definite masculine singular)
cardinalele (definite feminine neuter plural)
cardinale (feminine indefinite singular)
cardinalului (definite masculine neuter singular)
cardinalei (definite feminine singular)
cardinalelor (definite masculine singular)
cardinalilor (definite feminine neuter plural)

Borrowed from French cardinal, Latin cardinālis.


cardinal

cardinali (plural)
cardinal (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
cardinalul (accusative definite nominative singular)
cardinali (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
cardinalii (accusative definite nominative plural)
cardinal (indefinite singular)
cardinalului (definite singular)
cardinali (indefinite singular)
cardinalilor (definite plural)
cardinalule (singular vocative)
cardinalilor (vocative)

a variety of grape, cultivated for consumption


classic

From French classique, from Latin classicus (“relating to the classes of Roman citizenry, especially the highest”), from classis. By surface analysis, class + -ic. Piecewise doublet of classy.

der

The goal of the top horses was to win a Classic (or preferably three, thus claiming the Triple Crown) or the Ascot Gold Cup, […]

2012, Dr Joyce Kay, Professor Wray Vamplew, Encyclopedia of British Horse Racing, page 316:

(horse racing) Any of the British Classic Races, five long-standing Group 1 horse races run during the traditional flat racing season.


煙

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *qiːn): semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 垔 (OC *qin).

Han compound

烟
菸
𠖣
𤎟
𡨾
𠖜
𤏯
烟
烟
菸

這是一種味淡的煙。

这是一种味淡的烟。

虎門銷煙

虎门销烟


煙

烟
菸
𠖣
𤎟
𡨾
𠖜
𤏯
烟
烟
菸

2003, “醉英雄”, 李岩修 (lyrics), 徐嘉良 [Galon Hsu] (music)performed by 蔡秋鳳 [Kerris Tsai]:

煙一支 檳榔一嘴

烟一支 槟榔一嘴

(Southern Min, Puxian Min) Alternative form of 薰 (“tobacco; cigarette”)


牛

Wutunhua: nek

/n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³/

/n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³/

Pictogram (象形) of a bull's head.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋwa.
;"awesome"

傲人

nowadays especially of breasts, body curve

細漢偷挽匏，大漢偷牽牛 / 细汉偷挽匏，大汉偷牵牛

sè-hàn thau bán pû, tōa-hàn thau khan gû

bovine, e.g. cow, bull, ox, buffalo, bison, yak (Classifier: 頭／头 m c mb md; 條／条 m g h x; 隻／只 m c g mn w x)

牛屄

牛人

(Mainland China, Mandarin, slang) awesome; powerful

Twenty-Eight Mansions
w:Twenty-Eight Mansions

(～宿) (Chinese astronomy) Ox (one of Twenty-Eight Mansions)

(physics) Short for 牛頓／牛顿 (niúdùn, “newton”).

(Hong Kong Cantonese, computing) Short for 火牛 (“transformer”). (Classifier: 隻／只 c)


牛

牛 (canonical)
牛 (canonical)
ushi (romanization)

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *usi.

1999 November 18, “牛(ぎゅう)魔(ま)人(じん) [Bull Jinn]”, in Vol.6, Konami:

A bovine jinn who resides in the woods. He’ll charge at you and stick you with his horns.

森に住む牛の魔人。ツノを突き出し突進して攻撃。

Mori ni sumu ushi no majin. Tsuno o tsukidashi tosshin shite kōgeki.

1999 December 1, “ミノタウルス [Minotaurus]”, in BOOSTER 6, Konami:

A bovine monster with tremendous power who chops up anyone in his way with one axe swing.

すごい力を持つウシの怪物。オノひと振りで何でもなぎ倒す。

Sugoi chikara o motsu ushi no kaibutsu. Ono hitofuri de nani demo nagitaosu.

cow, bull, ox, cattle, a domestic bovine


牛

牛 (canonical)
gyū (romanization)
giu (romanization)
ぎう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 牛 (ngjuw, “cow”). Compare Hokkien 牛 (giû / ngiû).


牛

From Proto-Ryukyuan *usi, from Proto-Japonic *usi.


犏

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 牛 (“cow”) + phonetic 扁 (OC *pʰen, *benʔ, *peːnʔ, *beːnʔ).

When a yak cow mates with a yellow bull, they shall give birth to a dzo.

15th century CE, 葉盛 (Yèshèng), 水東日記 Diary from East of the River

Máoniú yǔ huángniú hé, zé shēng piānniú.

牦牛與黃牛合，則生犏牛。

牦牛与黄牛合，则生犏牛。


犢

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *l'oːɡ): semantic 牛 (“ox”) + phonetic 𧶠 (OC *luɡ).
Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *luk (“sheep”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). Cognate with 羭 (OC *lo, “sheep”), Tibetan ལུག (lug, “sheep”).
Other etymologies have been proposed:
* Boodberg (1937) relates it to Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “calf”), which Schuessler (2007) deems unlikely.
* Norman (1988) suggests that it may be a loan from Mongolic or Tungusic; compare Mongolian ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯ (tuɣul, “calf”), Manchu ᡨᡠᡴᡧᠠᠨ (tukšan, “calf”). This is an unlikely etymology due to recent developments in the reconstruction of Old Chinese, where *l- (rather than older reconstructions with *d-) would be a poor match for Mongolic/Tungusic t-, as well as new archaeological evidence suggesting that the word is likely older than previously assumed (Miyake, 2017; Cao, 2021).
* It could also be related to 畜 (OC *l̥ʰuɡs, *l̥ʰuɡ, *hluɡ, “to nourish; domestic animal”) (Schuessler, 2007).

och-l

When the Son of Heaven visits a feudal lord, the lord offers him a calf for food.

The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE

天子適諸侯，諸侯膳以犢。

天子适诸侯，诸侯膳以犊。

1919, 《新舊約全書：官話和合譯本》 [Mandarin Bible, Union Version], Shanghai: American Bible Society, 約伯記 [Job] 21:10:

Their bulls never fail to breed. Their cows bear calves and never miscarry. [New Living Translation]

Tāmen de gōngniú zīshēng ér bù duànjué. Mǔniú xià dú ér bù diàotāi.

他們的公牛孳生而不斷絕．母牛下犢而不掉胎。

他们的公牛孳生而不断绝．母牛下犊而不掉胎。


udder

From Middle English udder, uddyr (also as uther, iddyr), from Old English ūder (“udder; breast”), from Proto-Germanic *ūdarą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ówHdʰr̥ (“udder”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Jadder (“udder”), Dutch uier (“udder”), German Euter (“udder”), Swedish juver (“udder”), Icelandic júgur (“udder”), Vedic Sanskrit ऊधर् (ū́dhar), Ancient Greek οὖθαρ (oûthar), Latin ūber.

Meronym: teat

squeeze the udder to get milk

An organ formed of the mammary glands of female quadruped mammals, particularly ruminants such as cattle, goats, sheep and deer.


udder

English: udder

Scots: udder, uther, ether

From Old English ūder, from Proto-Germanic *ūdarą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ówHdʰr̥.


bullet

en-noun

bullet (countable and uncountable, plural bullets)

From Middle English bullet (“an official tag or badge of registration or identification”), from Old French bullete, diminutive of boule (“ball”). Later influenced by Middle French boulette and French boulet.

inh

Nakamura is a different animal at 15-minute rapid and five-minute blitz and even more so at one-minute bullet, and in this match he adopted a psychological approach which paid off brilliantly.

2020 August 21, Leonard Barden, “Chess: Carlsen fights back from brink to overcome Nakamura in 38-game epic”, in The Guardian:

Carlsen also has been engaging in online marathons of "bullet chess," exactly the kind of attention-disrupting, energy-draining stunt contenders are supposed to avoid. In a bullet game, each player has only one minute for all the moves. The pace is so rapid the games are hard to watch, much less play.

2021 November 24, Tyler Cowen, “Chess Is an Esport Now. Get Used to It.”, in The Washington Post:

Even today, when they're home, the siblings indulge in a friendly game or two. "We love playing bullet games. It's a format where we make really quick moves," he says, pausing to add, "Think of it like a super over in cricket."

2022 July 27, Srinivasa Ramanujam, “'Feels like a festival': Praggnanandhaa on Chess Olympiad and meeting Rajinikanth”, in The Hindu:

(chess, uncountable) Short for bullet chess.

(Ireland, particularly in Northern Ireland) The heavy projectile thrown in a game of road bowling.


bullet

—Chicago boasts of a citizen of fine discrimination and delicacy, who, riding in the suburbs with his best girl, passed a stable in the door of which stood a couple of calves. "See," said the young lady, "those two cute little cowlets." "Those are not cowlets, Araminta; they are bullets."

1886, Hamilton Literary Magazine, Clippings, page 110:

“I am not sure a compilation of odds and ends should be called a ‘book.’ Perhaps ‘booklet’ would be the better designation. My daughter, when quite young, once spoke of a heifer calf she saw grazing on the rim of the road as a ‘cowlet.’ In reality, the wayside animal was a ‘bullet.’ Though this book, or booklet, isn’t even calf-bound, the analogy should have been close enough to make me wary of jumping to a conclusion. However, it is too late now.

1937, Quarterly Bulletin: The Historical Society of Northwestern Ohio, page 17:

YES — imagine, if you can, that all human beings are cows and or bulls for just one day (I just can’t stand the thoughts of being a cow for more than one day). SO — lets^([sic]) take the cow and bull side of the question first. REMEMBER — you are a cow or bull. Mrs. Cow has been home all day busy getting the cotton seed meal and hulls ready for dinner, tending to the little cowlets and bullets and baking a bale of hay.

1959, C. B. Kitchens, X-syrps from the Trickem News Chronic, page 5:

> Correct. No other animals drink cow's milk but cows! / Cows drink milk? Maybe their little cowlets and bullets (future steerlets) do; but I have yet to see a cow drink milk. Other animals love cow milk. My dog, the barn cats up the road.

2013 November 20, Gorio, “Re: Milk, redefined. What do you think about this????”, in rec.food.cooking (Usenet), message-ID <Gorio.cd28428.923639@foodbanter.com>:


passage

From French passager, from Italian passeggiare.

(dressage) A movement in classical dressage, in which the horse performs a very collected, energetic, and elevated trot that has a longer period of suspension between each foot fall than a working trot.


passage

en-verb

passage (third-person singular simple present passages, present participle passaging, simple past and past participle passaged)

passages (present singular third-person)
passaging (participle present)
passaged (participle past)
passaged (past)

After a spring or two, the horse passaged and reared, and lighting on a flat slab of rock which cropped up in the middle of the road, slipped sideways and fell with a loud crash […]

1915, Cunninghame Graham, Hope, page 18:

(intransitive, dressage) To execute a passage movement.


passage

passage (indefinite nominative singular)
passages (genitive indefinite singular)
passagen (definite nominative singular)
passagens (definite genitive singular)
passager (indefinite nominative plural)
passagers (genitive indefinite plural)
passagerna (definite nominative plural)
passagernas (definite genitive plural)

From Old French passage, from passer (“to pass”).


男

From Proto-Ryukyuan *weke + *-ga (“diminutive suffix”).


男

Possibly from Japanese 男 (otoko, “man”).


男

男 (canonical)
yinga (romanization)
inga (romanization)
いぃんがゐんが (hiragana)


ruin

nl-noun

ruin m (plural ruinen, diminutive ruintje n)

ruinen (plural)
ruintje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch rûun. Cognate with Middle Low German rûne, Middle High German rūn. Further origin unknown; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(H)rewH- (“to dig out, rip off”).


ah

From earlier *ak (whence the possessive forms), from Proto-Kuki-Chin *ʔaar (“chicken”). Cognates include Khumi Chin ae and Mizo ár.

Gallus gallus
Gallus gallus#Translingual


翰

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡaːn, *ɡaːns): phonetic 倝 (OC *kaːns) + semantic 羽 (“feather”).

Han compound

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) golden pheasant


rein

From Middle English rein, reyne, from Anglo-Norman reyne, resne, from Early Medieval Latin retina, ultimately from Classical Latin retineō (“hold back”), from re- + teneō (“keep, hold”). Compare modern French rêne.
Displaced native Old English brīdel (“bridle, rein”), Old English wealdleþer, ġewealdleþer (“rein, bridle”, literally “control strap”), Old English sāl (“cord, rein”), Old English tyġel (“rein”), and Old English lādtēah, lāttēh (“leash, rein”).

A strap or rope attached to a bridle or bit, used to control a horse, animal or young child.

The government is attempting to keep a rein on rising prices.

Let their eyes rove without rein.

1667, John Milton, “Book X”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

(figurative) An instrument or means of curbing, restraining, or governing.


rein

From Anglo-Norman reines, Middle French reins, and their source, Latin rēnēs. Doublet of ren.

My reins rejoice, when thy lips speak right things.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Proverbs 23:16:

I am he which searcheth the reins and hearts.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Revelation 2:23:

The inward impulses; the affections and passions, formerly supposed to be located in the area of the kidneys.


bij

nl-adj

bij (used only predicatively, not comparable)

From Middle Dutch bi, from Old Dutch bī, from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi.

Eerst leek hij te langzaam, maar nu is hij weer bij.

First he seemed too slow, but now he has caught up again.


苔

Synonym of 猿麻桛 (saruogase, “beard moss, Usena”)


ham

Uncertain, though it is generally agreed upon that it first appeared in print around the 1880s. At least four theories persist:
* It came naturally from the word amateur. Deemed likely by Hendrickson (1997), but then the question would be why it took so long to pop up. He rejects the folk etymology of Cockney slang hamateur because it originated in American English.
* From the play Hamlet, where the title character was often played poorly and/or in an exaggerated manner. Also deemed likely by Hendrickson, though he raises the issue that the term would have likely been around earlier if this were case.
* From the minstrel's practice of using ham fat to remove heavy black makeup used during performances.
* Shortened from hamfatter (“inferior actor”), said to derive from the 1863 minstrel show song The Ham-fat Man. William and Mary Morris (1988) argue that it's not known whether the song inspired the term or the term inspired the song, but that they believe the latter is the case.


蜂

desc

→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *pʰɤŋꟲ (“bee; beeswax”)

Ahom: 𑜇𑜢𑜤𑜂𑜫 (phüṅ)

Lao: ເຜິ້ງ (phœng, “bee”)

Lü: ᦕᦹᧂᧉ (ṗhueng²)

Shan: ၽိုင်ႈ (phūeng, “bee”)

Thai: ผึ้ง (pʉ̂ng, “bee”)

Simplified from 蠭. Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *boːŋ, *pʰoŋ): semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 夆 (OC *pʰoŋ, *boŋ, *ɡaːds) – a kind of insect.
Cognate with Tibetan བུང་བ (bung ba, “bee”) (Schuessler, 2007). STEDT lists 蜂 as a Chinese comparandum under its Proto-Sino-Tibetan root *pljum (“bee, wasp”).
May be ultimately of onomatopoeic origin. Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *ʔu(ə)ŋ ~ hu(ə)ŋ (“bee, wasp, hornet”), whence Vietnamese ong (“bee”).

cog

蜜蜂

黃蜂／黄蜂

The sages learned from the bees to have monarchs and subjects, and they learned from the spiders to have nets of justice. They learned from the ground squirrels to establish politeness, and they learned from the warring ants to deploy armies. The masses learn from the worthies, the worthies learn from the sages, and the sages learn from the myriad things.

Shèngrén shī fēng, lì jūnchén; shī zhīzhū, lì wǎnggǔ; shī gǒngshǔ, zhì lǐ; shī zhàn yǐ, zhì bīng. Zhòngrén shī xiánrén, xiánrén shī shèngrén, shèngrén shī wànwù.

聖人師蜂，立君臣；師蜘蛛，立網罟；師拱鼠，制禮；師戰蟻，置兵。眾人師賢人，賢人師聖人，聖人師萬物。

圣人师蜂，立君臣；师蜘蛛，立网罟；师拱鼠，制礼；师战蚁，置兵。众人师贤人，贤人师圣人，圣人师万物。

Apoidea or Vespa (wasps, bees and hornets)

蜂蜜

In the survival capsule, [you] learn to plant flowers, the honey will meet the bee

tou⁴ sang¹ cong¹, noi⁶ leoi⁵ hok⁶ zung³ faa¹, mat⁶ wui⁵ jyu⁶ soeng⁵ fung¹

逃生艙 內裡學種花 蜜會遇上蜂

逃生舱 内里学种花 蜜会遇上蜂


蜂

蜂 (canonical)
蜂 (canonical)
hachi (romanization)

Bee
Kojiki
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Wasp
ja:ハチ

/pati/ → /fati/ → /fat͡ɕi/ → /hat͡ɕi/
From Old Japanese. First cited to the Kojiki of 712 CE with the logographic spelling 蜂. In turn, from Proto-Japonic *pati.
Compare Korean 벌 (beol, “bee, wasp, hornet”).

蜂〈𧍙附〉 説文云蜂蠆〈峰帯二音 和名波知〉螫人虫也 四声字苑云𧍙〈音范〉蜂子也

938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō:

Bee (also 𧍙), has been said it is some kind of scorpion (The two characters are read [in Chinese as] futai; the Japanese pronunciation is fati). [The bee] stings people, insects, etc. (The four characters are read [in Chinese as] syau-zi-won-un). Also called 𧍙 (read [in Chinese as bon]) and FUSI.