rot

en-verb

rot (third-person singular simple present rots, present participle rotting, simple past and past participle rotted)

rots (present singular third-person)
rotting (participle present)
rotted (participle past)
rotted (past)

Inherited from Middle English roten, rotten, from Old English rotian (“to rot, become corrupted, ulcerate, putrefy”), from Proto-West Germanic *rotēn, from Proto-Germanic *rutāną (“to rot”).

inh

to rot in prison

to rot in Hell

If I hadn't rotted in bed all day I would've come...

Four of the sufferers were left to rot in irons.

1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:

Rot, poor bachelor, in your club.

1848, William Makepeace Thackeray, The Book of Snobs:

(intransitive, figurative) To spend a long period of time (in an unpleasant place or state).


dame

English: dame; dam

Scots: dame, deem; dam

From Old French dame, from Latin domina.

lady (high-ranking or noble woman):
abbess (governor of a nunnery)

(rare) A female anchorite (with servants)

lady (high-ranking or noble woman):
A female anchorite (with servants)

A mother (of humans, animals, or plants)


mot

nl-noun

mot f (plural motten, diminutive motje n)

motten (plural)
motje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Low German mutte, perhaps ultimately related to Proto-Germanic *muþraz (“to be dirty, wet”).


豕

Pictogram (象形) – a pig. Compare 亥, 𢑓 (male pig), and 豖 (castrated male pig). See also the original version on oracle bones of 敢.
Related to 㒸, in which however the pig is a phonetic component.
Possibly from Austroasiatic (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *liik ~ *lik (“pig”) and Mon ကၠိက် (kloik, “pig”). Also occurs in the Cai-Long languages, from which Hölzl (2021) derives the name Ta-Li for the aforementioned language subgroup.

There are many swine, with their trotters white, wading through the waves.

The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

有豕白蹢、烝涉波矣。

As to seizing dogs, pigs, chickens, and young pigs from another, it is even more unrighteous than to steal peaches and plums from someone's orchard. Why? Because it causes others to suffer more, and it is more malevolent and culpable.

Zhì rǎng rén quǎn shǐ jī tún zhě, qí bùyì yòu shèn rù rén yuánpǔ qiè táolǐ. Shì hégù yě? Yǐ kuī rén yù duō, qí bùrén zī shèn, zuì yì hòu.

至攘人犬豕雞豚者，其不義又甚入人園圃竊桃李。是何故也？以虧人愈多，其不仁茲甚，罪益厚。

至攘人犬豕鸡豚者，其不义又甚入人园圃窃桃李。是何故也？以亏人愈多，其不仁兹甚，罪益厚。


豚

豚 (canonical)
豚 (canonical)
buta (romanization)

→ Ainu: プタ (puta)

Domestic pig
Muromachi period
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
ja:ブタ

First attested in the mid-Muromachi period, some time in the late 1480s.
Derivation ultimately unknown.
Some sources list possible theories:
* A shift from 太 (futo, “fatty (fat individual), fatness”)
*: The vowel shift and voicing required to go from futo to buta seem problematic, considering Japanese sound shift patterns.
* Cognate with Okinawan ぶたさん (butasan, “fat”).
* An onomatopoeia from the sound the animal makes, realized in Japanese as ブー (bū)
*: The final -ta remains unexplained.
* Some combination of the two above
* A shift from 猪太 (ibuto, literally “swine + fatty”)
*: Attestable online, but not found in Japanese etymological resources. Difficult to judge provenance or timing.
* A borrowing from Korean or Mongolian
*: Neither Korean 돼지 (dwaeji, “pig”) nor Mongolian гахай (gaxaj, “pig”) show any phonological resemblance to buta, ruling out these possibilities.
The word butakal appears in several languages of the Philippines with a sense of boar (male pig), suggesting a possible source. However, any connection with an Austronesian language is only speculation.
The kanji is from Chinese 豚 (tún, “suckling pig”). Compare Japanese 猪 (inoshishi, “boar”) from Chinese 猪 (zhū, “pig”) and Japanese 猿 (saru, “monkey”) from Chinese 猿 (yuán, “ape”).

豚小屋

pigsty (enclosure where pigs are kept); pigsty (dirty or very untidy place)

焼き豚

char siu, a style of barbecue pork wherein the meat is truss, marinate, skewer, and then roast

赤(あか)菱(びし)さんのカードは８(はち)とＪ(ジャック)のツーペア‥‥三(みつ)矢(や)さんはＡ(エース)のスリーカード 雲(くも)間(ま)さんはＱ(クイーン)のワンペア 緑(みとり)川(かわ)さんは役なし(ブタ)‥‥

2000 July 7 [2000 May 17], Seimaru Amagi with Sato, Fumiya, “FILE(ファイル) 1(いち) 殺(さつ)人(じん)ポーカー Unlucky Men in the Rain 〈問(もん)題(だい)編(へん)〉 [FILE 1: Murderous Poker: Unlucky Men in the Rain ‹Problem›]”, in 明智警視の優雅なる事件簿 [Superintendent Akechi Elegant Case Files], 3rd edition (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN:

Akabishi-san’s hand would have a two pair, eights and jacks‥‥ Mitsuya-san’s a three of a kind, aces. Kumoma-san’s a one pair, queens. Midorikawa-san’s a high card...

Akabishi-san no kādo wa hachi to jakku no tsū-pea... Mitsuya-san wa ēsu no surī-kādo, Kumoma-san wa kuīn no wan-pea, Midorikawa-san wa buta...

ハイカード ハイカード#Japanese

(colloquial, poker) synonym of ハイカード (hai kādo, “high card”): a no pair, a hand without even a pair (probably a modification of the term for a zero-valued card hand)


豝

→ Proto-Hmong: *mpæꟲ (“pig”)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *praː): semantic 豕 (“pig; boar”) + phonetic 巴 (OC *praː).
Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pʷak (“pig”); if so, cognate with Tibetan ཕག (phag), Burmese ဝက် (wak) (Benedict, 1972; STEDT).
However, there are phonological mismatches:
* A medial *-r- in Old Chinese should correspond to a pre-initial in Tibeto-Burman, but this is not present (Schuessler, 2007).
* A final *-k is present in Tibeto-Burman yet absent in Old Chinese, which is an irregular correspondence (Schuessler, 2007; Sagart, 2011b).
Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) considers Waic *bras (“wild boar”) a better match. Meanwhile Sagart (2011b) suggests Tibetan བ (ba, “female cow”) and Queyu bra (“female cow”) as possible comparanda; if so, a semantic analogy would be 豬 (OC *ta, “pig”), possibly a rural dialectal variant (from the sound changes *ʈa < *tra < *Cra) of 豭 (OC *kraː, “male pig”) and its homophone 麚 (OC *kraː, “stag”), with *kra meaning "male animal" generally (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007).

Han compound

† - has given birth or used for breeding

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 羓 (bā, “dried meat”)


豟

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) large pig


豬

→ Thai: ตือ (dtʉʉ)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ta): semantic 豕 + phonetic 者 (OC *tjaːʔ).
Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan (Schuessler, 2007). Löffler (1966) considers Mru tia (“(wild) pig”) to be cognate.
Fangyan states that 豭 (OC *kraː) is a dialectal variant of 豬 (OC *ta), yet *kra was apparently older than *t(r)a and homophonic with 麚 (OC *kraː, “stag”); so instead *t(r)a is possibly an early rural dialectal variant (from the sound changes *ʈa < *tra < *Cra) of *kra, which would have had a general meaning of "male animal". See 豭 for more.

Han compound

1919, 《新舊約全書：官話和合譯本》 [Mandarin Bible, Union Version], Shanghai: American Bible Society, 馬太福音 [Matthew] 8:30:

Now there was afar off from them a herd of many swine feeding. (English Revised Version)

Lí tāmen hěn yuǎn, yǒu yī dà qún zhū chīshí.

離他們很遠、有一大羣豬喫食。

离他们很远、有一大群猪吃食。

May "pig things" (homophonous with "all things") go well with you! (used to wish a happy Chinese New Year in the Year of the Pig)

豬事順利！（諸事順利！）

猪事顺利！（诸事顺利！）

pig; hog; swine (Classifier: 頭／头 m; 口 m; 隻／只 c mn; 條／条 c h)


boc

Pre-Roman, possibly from Old High German boc, from Proto-Germanic *bukkaz, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuǵ-.


boc

Dutch: bok (see there for further descendants)

Limburgish: bók

West Flemish: buk


boc

head

boc m (genitive buic, nominative plural buic)

buic (genitive)
buic (nominative plural)
boc (nominative singular)
bocc (nominative singular)
boc (dual nominative)
bocc (dual nominative)
buic (nominative plural)
buicc (nominative plural)
buic (singular vocative)
buicc (singular vocative)
boc (dual vocative)
bocc (dual vocative)
buccu (plural vocative)
boc (accusative singular)
bocc (accusative singular)
boc (accusative dual)
bocc (accusative dual)
buccu (accusative plural)
buic (genitive singular)
buicc (genitive singular)
boc (dual genitive)
bocc (dual genitive)
boc (genitive plural)
bocc (genitive plural)
buc (dative singular)
bucc (dative singular)
bocaib (dative dual)
bocaib (dative plural)
boc
mboc

Irish: boc

Scottish Gaelic: boc

Ba bés leusom do·bertis dá boc leu dochum tempuil, ⁊ no·léicthe indala n‑ái fon díthrub co pecad in popuil, ⁊ do·bertis maldachta foir, ⁊ n⟨o⟩·oircthe didiu and ó popul tar cenn a pecthae ind aile.

It was a custom with them that two he-goats were brought by them to the temple, and one of the two of them was let go to the wilderness with the sin of the people, and curses were put upon him, and thereupon the other was slain there by the people for their sins.


boc

boc m (genitive singular buic, plural buic)

Inherited from Middle Irish boc, from Old Irish boc, poc(c) (“he-goat”), from Proto-Celtic *bukkos.


Buch

de-noun

Buch n (strong, genitive Buches or Buchs, plural Bücher, diminutive Büchlein n or Büchelchen n)

Buches (genitive)
Buchs (genitive)
Bücher (plural)
Büchlein (diminutive neuter)
Büchelchen (diminutive neuter)
Buch (nominative singular)
Bücher (definite nominative plural)
Buches (genitive singular)
Buchs (genitive singular)
Bücher (definite genitive plural)
Buch (dative singular)
Buche (dative singular)
Büchern (dative definite plural)
Buch (accusative singular)
Bücher (accusative definite plural)

From Middle High German buoch, from Old High German buoh, from Proto-West Germanic *bōk, from Proto-Germanic *bōks. Cognate with English book.

2006, Kai Steiner, Schmetterlinge im Bauch (Junge Liebe, Band 8), Himmelstürmer Verlag, p.103

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Eine Figur, wie sie im Buche steht, und sie erinnerte mich an Mark Spitz, als er seine Goldmedaillen einfuhr.

book (collection of sheets of paper bound together to hinge at one edge; long work fit for publication)


abeille

→ Esperanto: abelo

Ido: abelo

Inherited from Middle French abeille, from Old Occitan abelha, from Latin apicula, diminutive of apis (whence the Old French ef).

Je me suis fait piquer par une abeille

Alors, contentez-vous du travail comme la fourmi, et du miel comme l’abeille.

So be happy with work, like the ant, and honey, like the bee.

Chaque ruche, en ce début d’automne, abrite quelque 15 000 abeilles, le «pic» de 50 000 étant atteint vers juillet, la reine pouvant pondre jusqu’à 1500 oeufs par jour.

2012 September 10, Anne-Marie Duquette, L'Action:

Each hive, at the start of autumn, houses some 15,000 bees, with a peak of 50,000 reached by July, the queen laying up to 1,500 eggs per day.


miel

ro-noun

miel m (plural miei, feminine equivalent mia)

miei (plural)
equivalent mia (feminine)
miel (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
mielul (accusative definite nominative singular)
miei (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
mieii (accusative definite nominative plural)
miel (indefinite singular)
mielului (definite singular)
miei (indefinite singular)
mieilor (definite plural)
mielule (singular vocative)
mieilor (vocative)

For earlier *amniel, from Latin agnellus (“lambkin, little lamb”), diminutive of agnus (“lamb”). Not to be confused with miere (“honey”).


скот

mk-noun

скот • (skot) m (relational adjective скотски)

skot (romanization)
скотски (adjective relational)
скот (indefinite singular)
скотови (indefinite plural)
скотот (definite singular unspecified)
скотовите (definite plural unspecified)
скотов (definite proximal singular)
скотовиве (definite plural proximal)
скотон (definite distal singular)
скотовине (definite distal plural)
скоту (singular vocative)
скотови (plural vocative)
скота (count-form plural)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *skotъ, with unclear origins; possibly a Germanic loanword, from Proto-Germanic *skattaz (“cattle”).


скот

ru-noun+

скот • (skot) m inan (genitive скота́, uncountable)

skot (romanization)
скота́ (genitive)
ско́т (nominative singular)
скота́ (genitive singular)
скоту́ (dative singular)
ско́т (accusative singular)
ското́м (instrumental singular)
скоте́ (prepositional singular)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *skotъ, a Germanic loanword, from Proto-Germanic *skattaz (“cattle”).

убо́йный скот

ме́лкий рога́тый скот


蹄

Compound of ひ (hi, of indeterminate origin) + 爪 (tsume, “nail, claw”). The tsume changes to zume as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Compare the formation of related terms 平爪 (hirazume, “nail”, literally “flat nail”), 鉤爪 (kagizume, “claw”, literally “hook nail”).
First cited to roughly 934 CE in the Wamyō Ruijushō.

compound

(figurative, uncommon) an excellent horse, a fast horse

有蹄動物

an [[ungulate]], a [[hoofed]] [[animal]]


stud

From Middle English stood, stod, from Old English stōd, from Proto-West Germanic *stōd, from Proto-Germanic *stōdą. Cognate with Middle Low German stōt, German Stute, Dutch stoet and Old Norse stóð.

siitoseläin

animal registered and retained for breeding

A male animal, especially a stud horse (stallion), kept for breeding.

Well, I'll tell you the truth now. I ain't a for-real cowboy, but I am one hell of a stud!

1969, Waldo Salt, Midnight Cowboy, spoken by Joe Buck (Jon Voight):

Maverick, you big stud… Take me to bed or lose me forever.

1986, Jim Cash, Jack Epps Jr., Top Gun (motion picture), spoken by Charlie (Kelly McGillis):

Wow, Julia! Sounds like to me like you got your pick of any man in this room to dance with so I want you to take your time and find amongst all these young studs here tonight the coolest, most un-losery guy in the bunch

1998, Tim Herlihy, The Wedding Singer, spoken by Robbie Hart (Adam Sandler):

Those soap-opera studs and studettes sliding between satin sheets in the afternoon?

1999 December 16, Mark Wolf, “The V-chip has arrived with little fanfare”, in The Coshocton Tribune:

(colloquial) A sexually attractive, promiscuous male.


line

From Old English līn (“flax, linen, cloth”). For more information, see the entry linen.

(obsolete) Flax; linen, particularly the longer fiber of flax.

lijn

obsolete: flax, linen — see also flax, linen


bishop

en-verb

bishop (third-person singular simple present bishops, present participle bishoping or bishopping, simple past and past participle bishoped or bishopped)

bishops (present singular third-person)
bishoping (participle present)
bishopping (participle present)
bishoped (participle past)
bishoped (past)
bishopped (participle past)
bishopped (past)

From Middle English bischop, bishop, bisshop, biscop, from Old English bisċop (“bishop”), from Proto-West Germanic *biskop, from Vulgar Latin (e)biscopus, from classical Latin episcopus (“overseer, supervisor”), from Ancient Greek ἐπίσκοπος (epískopos, “overseer”), from ἐπί (epí, “over”) + σκοπός (skopós, “watcher”), used in Greek and Latin both generally and as a title of civil officers. Cognate with all European terms for the position in various Christian churches; compare bisp.

der

1727, R. Bradley, Family Dict. at "Horse"
This way of making a Horse look young is... called Bishoping.

Bishopped, or To bishop. A term among horſe dealers, for burning the mark into a horſe's tooth, after he has loſt it by age... It is a common ſaying of milk that is burnt to, that the biſhop has fet his foot in it. Formerly, when a biſhop paſſed through a village, all the inhabitants ran out of their houſes to ſolicit his bleſſing, even leaving their milk, &c. on the fire, to take its chance; which, when burnt to, was ſaid to be biſhopped.

1788, A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, 2nd edition, Francis Grose:

I found his teeth had been filed down and bishoped with the greatest neatness and perfection.

1840, E. E. Napier, Scenes & Sports Foreign Lands, I. v. 138:

(by extension, of equestrianism) To make a horse seem younger, particularly by manipulation of its teeth.


taurus

la-noun

taurus m (genitive taurī); second declension

taurī (genitive)
taurus (nominative singular)
taurī (nominative plural)
taurī (genitive singular)
taurōrum (genitive plural)
taurō (dative singular)
taurīs (dative plural)
taurum (accusative singular)
taurōs (accusative plural)
taurō (ablative singular)
taurīs (ablative plural)
taure (singular vocative)
taurī (plural vocative)

Aromanian: tavru

Asturian: toru

Catalan: toro

Corsican: toru

→ English: Taurus

French: taureau

Friulian: taur

Ido: tauro

Interlingua: tauro

Italian: toro

Norman: touothé

Occitan: taur

Old French: tor

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: touro
Galician: touro
Portuguese: touro, toiro

Romanian: taur

Romansch: taur

Sardinian: trau

Sicilian: tàuru, tàvuru

Spanish: toro (see there for further descendants)

Venetan: toro

Walloon: torea

[ˈt̪äu̯rʊs̠]

From Proto-Italic *tauros, from Proto-Indo-European *táwros.


taureau

Inherited from Old French torel, a derivation of tor, taur, from Latin taurus, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *táwros.


轡

Compound of 口 (kutsu, “mouth”, apophonic form of 口(くち) (kuchi)) + 環 (wa, “ring”)


辻

辻 (canonical)
tsuji (romanization)
tuzi (romanization)
つじ (hiragana historical)

Daijisen
Extended shinjitai
Kyūjitai
Shinjitai
ja:松村明

/tumuzi/ → */tuːzi/ → /t͡suʑi/
Shift from tsumuji (see below).

Short for 辻総 (tsujibusa): (dated, equestrianism) a decoration attached to the martingale


uva

From Old Galician-Portuguese uva, from Latin ūva.


uva

ūva (canonical feminine)
ūvae (genitive)
ūva (nominative singular)
ūvae (nominative plural)
ūvae (genitive singular)
ūvārum (genitive plural)
ūvae (dative singular)
ūvīs (dative plural)
ūvam (accusative singular)
ūvās (accusative plural)
ūvā (ablative singular)
ūvīs (ablative plural)
ūva (singular vocative)
ūvae (plural vocative)

Aromanian: auã

Asturian: uva

Corsican: uva

Dalmatian: joiva

Esperanto: uvo

French: uve

Friulian: ue, uve

Italian: uva

Occitan: uva

Old Galician-Portuguese: uva

Fala: uva

Galician: uva

Portuguese: uva

Piedmontese: uva

Romanian: auă

Romansch: iva, ieuva, uia, iua

Sardinian: úa

Sicilian: uva

Spanish: uva

Venetan: ua, ùa, ova

→ English: uva

From Proto-Italic *oiwā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyHw- (“a kind of tree with berries”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὄα (óa, “Sorbus domestica”), Old Armenian այգի (aygi, “grapevine”), Proto-Germanic *ī(h)waz (“yew”), Proto-Slavic *jь̀va (“willow”).


uva

→ Apalaí: uwa

From Old Galician-Portuguese uva, from Latin ūva. Cognate with Galician, Spanish, and Italian uva and Romanian auă.

grape:
any small fruit similar to a grape

(Brazil, figurative, colloquial) a good-looking thing or person


άλογο

álogo (romanization)
άλογα (plural)
alogína (romanization)
alóga (romanization)
άλογο (nominative singular)
άλογα (nominative plural)
αλόγου (genitive singular)
αλόγων (genitive plural)
άλογο (accusative singular)
άλογα (accusative plural)
άλογο (singular vocative)
άλογα (plural vocative)

For the animal, inherited from Koine Greek ἄλογον (álogon, “horse, cavalry”), neuter form of Ancient Greek ἄλογος (álogos, “unreasoning, speechless”, adjective).
For the unit of power, a semantic loan from Greek ίππος (íppos), from ancient Ancient Greek ἵππος (híppos, “horse”).

inh

ίππος ίππος#Greek

(chess) knight, a colloquial alternative of ίππος (íppos)

ίππος ίππος#Greek

(metric unit) horsepower, a collloquial alternative of ίππος (íppos) (for engines of cars)


dam

Variant of dame. Doublet of domina and donna.

More dear […] than younglings to their dam.

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto X”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 52:

The dam runs lowing up and down, / Looking the way her harmless young one went.

1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies. […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:

Hunters assure us, that to chuse the best dog, and which they purpose to keepe from out a litter of other young whelps, there is no better meane than the damme herselfe[…].

1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

she / Resolved that Juan should be quite a paragon, / And worthy of the noblest pedigree / (His sire was from Castile, his dam from Aragon)[…].

The sky was cloudless—the moon rolled across the surface like a lamb searching for its dam.

1974, Lawrence Durrell, Monsieur, Faber & Faber 1992, page 112:

Female parent, mother, generally regarding breeding of animals.


dam

daim (genitive)
dam
later /ɣ-/
later /ɣʲ-/
ndam

Irish: damh

Manx: dow

Scottish Gaelic: damh

Dam ocus tinne in cach coiri.

c. 1000, anonymous author, edited by Rudolf Thurneysen, Scéla Mucca Meic Dathó, Dublin: Stationery Office, published 1935, § 1, page 2, line 12:

[There was] an ox and a side of bacon in each cauldron.


dam

From Proto-Celtic *damos, from Proto-Indo-European *dm̥h₂-ó- (“bull”) (compare Albanian dem (“bullock”), Ancient Greek δάμαλος (dámalos, “calf”)), from *demh₂- (“to tame”) (compare Old Irish daimid (“to allow, give in”), Latin domō, English tame).

hind, cow (old feminine form of previous)


鋏

Originally the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 鋏む (hasamu, “to be tightly between two things, to be inserted in between””), itself apparently deriving from hasa (“narrowness between other things”, likely cognate with 細 hoso, “skinny, narrowness within the thing itself”) + auxiliary suffix む (mu, “to be or become like something”).
Cognate and homophonic with 挟, 挿 (hasami): “being stuck in between other things”.

空鋏

working a pair of scissors to make the sound of cutting, without actually cutting anything

木鋏

long shears for pruning, such as for a hedge

銀葉鋏

tweezers for holding silver leaf in traditional Japanese incense

唐鋏

western-style scissors, with a pivot in the center and forming an X shape

握り鋏

traditional Japanese shears, with a join at the back end and forming a U shape

鋏を入れる

to put the scissors in → to cut with scissors; to punch a ticket; to trim vegetation or hair

(zootomy) pincers or claws as found on a crab, lobster, or other arthropod


鐙

鐙 (canonical)
abumi (romanization)
あぶみ (hiragana historical)

足(あ) (a, “foot”) + 踏(ふ)み (fumi, continuative form of 踏(ふ)む (fumu, “to step on”)). The fumi changes to bumi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

1904, 河口慧海, チベット旅行記, 青空文庫:

低い椽に腰を掛けたような具合にごく鐙の紐を短くして足を折って乗って居る。

Hikui en ni koshi o kaketa yō na guai ni goku abumi no himo o mijikaku shite ashi o otte notte iru.

They ride with their stirrup straps very short and with their legs bent, in a manner like that of sitting on a low en.


雁

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (雁):
* → Japanese: 雁(がん) (gan)
* → Vietnamese: nhạn (雁)

→ Vietnamese: ngan (鴳)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ŋraːns): phonetic 厂 (OC *hŋaːnʔ, *hŋaːns) + semantic 人 + semantic 隹.
Ultimately from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋa-n (“goose”) (tentatively reconstructed); cognate with Tibetan ངང་པ (ngang pa), Burmese ငန်း (ngan:).
Related to 鵝 (OC *ŋaːl, “domestic goose”); both 鵝 and 雁 likely reflect an earlier liquid final (Schuessler, 2007; cf. Baxter and Sagart's reconstruction). Alternatively, it may derive from 鵝 with nominalizing suffix *-n, but this Chinese-internal derivation is problematic in light of the cognates in Tibeto-Burman (Schuessler, 2007; Alves, 2015b); but see Hill (2019) also, as noted in the etymology of 鵝.
Possible relationship with Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂éns (“goose”) has been noted by some (Mayrhofer, 1976; Alves, 2015b).

Han compound

domesticated goose
w:en:domesticated goose

wild goose (as opposed to a domesticated goose – 鵝／鹅 (é)) (Classifier: 隻／只 m c)


雁

雁 (canonical)
雁 (canonical)
gan (romanization)

From Middle Chinese 雁 (ngænᴴ, “wild goose”).

四十雀雁

四十雀雁 シジュウカラガン


雁

Said to be from the cry of a wild goose.

corona

circumference of the base of the glans penis in human males


鞦

Dated form of 尻繋.


鞭

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *pen): semantic 革 (“leather”) + phonetic 便 (OC *ben, *bens).

Han compound

皮鞭

鋼鞭

钢鞭

(historical) an ancient type of weapon, segmented and made of iron

鞭炮


kana

kana (genitive)
kana (partitive)
kana (nominative singular)
kanad (nominative plural)
kana (accusative nominative singular)
kanad (accusative nominative plural)
kana (accusative genitive singular)
kanad (accusative genitive plural)
kana (genitive singular)
kanade (genitive plural)
kana (partitive singular)
kanu (partitive plural)
kanasid (partitive plural)
kanna (illative singular)
kanasse (illative singular)
kanadesse (illative plural)
kanusse (illative plural)
kanas (inessive singular)
kanades (inessive plural)
kanus (inessive plural)
kanast (elative singular)
kanadest (elative plural)
kanust (elative plural)
kanale (allative singular)
kanadele (allative plural)
kanule (allative plural)
kanal (adessive singular)
kanadel (adessive plural)
kanul (adessive plural)
kanalt (ablative singular)
kanadelt (ablative plural)
kanult (ablative plural)
kanaks (singular translative)
kanadeks (plural translative)
kanuks (plural translative)
kanani (singular terminative)
kanadeni (plural terminative)
kanana (essive singular)
kanadena (essive plural)
kanata (abessive singular)
kanadeta (abessive plural)
kanaga (comitative singular)
kanadega (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *kana, from Proto-Germanic *hanô. Cognates include Finnish kana.


kana

kana (nominative singular)
kanat (nominative plural)
kanan (genitive singular)
kannoin (genitive plural)
kannaa (partitive singular)
kanoja (partitive plural)
kannaa (illative singular)
kannoi (illative plural)
kanas (inessive singular)
kanois (inessive plural)
kanast (elative singular)
kanoist (elative plural)
kanalle (allative singular)
kanoille (allative plural)
kanal (adessive singular)
kanoil (adessive plural)
kanalt (ablative singular)
kanoilt (ablative plural)
kanaks (singular translative)
kanoiks (plural translative)
kananna (essive singular)
kannaan (essive singular)
kanoinna (essive plural)
kannoin (essive plural)
kanant (exessive singular)
kanoint (exessive plural)
kana (nominative singular)
kanat (nominative plural)
kanan (genitive singular)
kannoin (genitive plural)
kannaa (partitive singular)
kannooja (partitive plural)
kannaa (illative singular)
kannoi (illative plural)
kanas (inessive singular)
kanois (inessive plural)
kanast (elative singular)
kanoist (elative plural)
kanalle (allative singular)
kanoille (allative plural)
kanal (adessive singular)
kanoil (adessive plural)
kanalt (ablative singular)
kanoilt (ablative plural)
kanaks (singular translative)
kanoiks (plural translative)
kannaan (essive singular)
kannoin (essive plural)
kannaant (exessive singular)
kannoint (exessive plural)

From Proto-Finnic *kana. Cognates include Finnish kana and Estonian kana.

Kana, ka-ka-ka, na, mama, kana.

1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 6:

A hen, cluck cluck cluck, here, mommy, a hen.

Kana kaakatta. Sika röhkää.

1936, V. I. Junus, P. L. Maksimov, Inkeroisin keelen oppikirja alkuşkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 4:

Kanan äänee jooksi pertist Darja-ämmä.

1937, D. I. Efimov, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (toin osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 80:

Granny Darja ran out of the cottage towards the sound of the hen.


kana

lud-decl-table

Type 1/<i class="Latn mention" lang="lud">kana</i>, no gradation

kana (nominative singular)
kanad (nominative plural)
kanan (genitive singular)
kanoiden (genitive plural)
kanad (partitive singular)
kanoid (partitive plural)
kanah (illative singular)
kanoihe (illative plural)
kanas (inessive singular)
kanoiš (inessive plural)
kanaspiä (elative singular)
kanoišpiä (elative plural)
kanale (allative singular)
kanoile (allative plural)
kanal (adessive singular)
kanoil (adessive plural)
kanalpiä (ablative singular)
kanoilpiä (ablative plural)
kanaks (singular translative)
kanoikš (plural translative)
kanan (essive singular)
kanoin (essive plural)
kanata (abessive singular)
kanoita (abessive plural)

From Proto-Finnic *kana. Cognates include Finnish kana and Veps kana.


駒

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ko): semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo).
Ultimately from Sanskrit घोट (ghoṭa), घोड (ghoḍa) (see घोटक (ghoṭaka) for Indo-Aryan descendants), which has been borrowed into many Sino-Tibetan languages; cognate with Proto-Tani *kɯ, Mizo sa-kawr (STEDT 6023).
Alternatively, Wang (1982) relates this to 狗 (OC *koːʔ, “dog; puppy”), 羔 (OC *kluː, “lamb”), 𤘽 (“calf”).


駒

Compound of 子(こ) (ko, “child”) + 馬(ま) (ma, “horse”).
See also 子馬(こうま) (kouma).

(music) bridge (the piece, on string instruments, that supports the strings from the sounding board)


駢

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *beːn): semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 并 (OC *peŋ, *peŋs)


駣

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) three-year-old horse

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) four-year-old horse


駤

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 騺 /𱅊 (zhì, “unable to move because of being weighed down”)


駥

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) horse which is eight chi tall


騥

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) dark horse with thick mane


騩

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) a black horse


騪

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) a very large horse


驍

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ŋkeːw): semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw).


驖

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *l̥ʰiːɡ, *l'iːɡ): semantic 馬 + phonetic 𢧜 (zhì).
Perhaps related to 鐵 (OC *l̥ʰiːɡ, “iron”) as both may be derived from the etymon "black".

Han compound

His four iron-black horses are burly; The six reins are in the hand (of the charioteer).

The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

駟驖孔阜、六轡在手。

驷𬴋孔阜、六辔在手。


驥

骥
蘎
龭
𩦸
𩥉
𧁳
𲎎
𱄮

(literary) horse that can travel 1000 li in a day; fine steed


驨

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) a mythical beast like a horse with a deer's antler

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) fine horse; steed


pot

Possibly a shortened form of Mexican Spanish potiguaya (“marijuana leaves”) or potaguaya (“cannabis leaves”) or potación de guaya (literally “drink of grief”), supposedly denoting a drink of wine or brandy in which marijuana buds were steeped, from pota + de + guaya (see guayar (“to lament”)).

The way we figure it, ma'am, if everybody walked around naked, smoked pot and listened to rock'n'roll, there wouldn't be any more wars!

1968 July, Shel Silverstein, “Silverstein's Hippies”, in Playboy Magazine, page 189:


meri

head

meri (definite accusative meriyi, plural meriler)

meriyi (accusative definite)
meriler (plural)

From Armenian մարի (mari, “hen, female of any bird”).

bor

(dialect, Elazığ, Malatya, Kahramanmaraş) female partridge


鳧

鳧 (canonical)
鳧 (canonical)
keri (romanization)


鳧

鳧 (canonical)
鳧 (canonical)
kamo (romanization)

Alternative spelling of 鴨 (kamo, “duck”)


鴨

鴨 (canonical)
鴨 (canonical)
kamo (romanization)

Unknown. Possibly alteration of Old Japanese 浮かむ (ukamu, “to float”), modern 浮かぶ (ukabu). Alternatively, may derive from Middle Chinese 雁 (MC ngaenH, “a type of wild goose”), borrowed with the kan'on reading gan, with initial g changing to k due to the avoidance of voiced stops at the start of Japanese words in older times, and final n changing to mu due to apparent lack of final n in Old Japanese.

(slang) (from the way ducks return to the same place and are thus easy to hunt) a mark or easy target for a swindle, someone who is likely to lose at gambling or other competition

(slang) (from the good flavor of duck meat) short for 鴨の味 (kamo no aji, “duck flavor”): a very good flavor; by extension, any remarkably good sensation or feeling, particularly describing happy married life

(slang) (from the uniform of black clothing) short for 黒鴨 (kurogamo, “black duck”): a male servant, such as a butler or chauffeur (compare English penguin)


鴨

Rare alternative spelling for 家鴨 (ahiru). See that entry for fuller details.

Anas platyrhynchos
Anas platyrhynchos#Translingual

(rare) alternative spelling of 家鴨: a domestic duck, Anas platyrhynchos var. domesticus, descended from the mallard


鴻

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ): phonetic 江 (OC *kroːŋ) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”).

liushu

OC *ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ

Han compound

鸿
𨾊
䲨/𬷾
𩾯/⿰氵鸟
𪀤
𪅯


cigar

Originally a learned modification of cigarro in order to avoid the Spanish-appearing termination -arro.


鶏

黄鶏: a Japanese native species of chicken with dark reddish-brown feathers


鶏

ja-noun

鶏(にわとり) or 鶏(ニワトリ) • (niwatori) ^(←にはとり (nifatori)?)

鶏 (canonical)
鶏 (canonical)
niwatori (romanization)
nifatori (romanization)
にはとり (hiragana historical)

鶏を割くに焉んぞ牛刀を用いん

niwatori o saku ni izukun zo gyūtō o mochiin

why chop a chicken with a meat cleaver? → don't exaggerate

[ɲ̟iβ̞a̠to̞ɾʲi]

⟨nipa tu to₂ri⟩ → */nipatːəri/ → /nifatori/ → /niwatori/
Originally derived from the 枕詞 (makura kotoba, “pillow word”, an epithet as a poetic device) compound phrase 庭つ鳥 (niwa tsu tori), 庭 (niwa, “garden”) + つ (tsu, Old Japanese possessive particle) + 鳥 (tori, “bird”), used in Old Japanese poetry as an allusive introduction to kake, the older word for “chicken” (see below). The medial tsu disappeared over time, yielding modern Japanese niwatori.

compound

Gallus gallus
Gallus gallus#Translingual

a domesticated chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus)


鶏

⟨kake₁⟩ → */kakʲe/ → /kake/
From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki (712 CE).
Onomatopoeic of the sound made by a chicken. Compare English cluck.

… 爾波都登理 迦祁波那久 …


鶏

First attested in The Tales of Ise.
Etymological details
This word has also been spelled as くだかけ (kudakake). This word must have been a compound of くた (kuta/kuda) + 鶏 (kake, “chicken; rooster”).
However, the initial kuta-/kuda- portion has been subject to debate. Several sources have attempted to give an etymology:
# The Hikobae of 1847 and the Daigenkai derive kuta- as a word meaning 'stinky'.
# The Kita-no-bezuihitsu, Meigentsū, and the Minakata-Kumakusu derive this from 百済鶏 (kudara-kake, literally “Baekje chicken”), saying that the chicken was imported from there.
# The Wakun-no-Shiori derives kuta as an eastern word for "house". The same source also supposes a Sanskrit origin, transcribed as kukutaeshira, and also supposes it was derived from 管掛 (kuda-kake) from the way it has a good voice.
# The Honchō Jigen derives this from kudo-kake, where kudo- means 'a passing sound' and -kake means 'to put on'.
# The Myōgoki derives kuda- from 数連 (kazutsura), while -kake is an onomatopoeic sound.
The third etymology is the most likely, as this note appears in several manuscripts of The Tales of Ise, and Vovin (2021) identifies kuda- with Ainu コタン (kotan, “village”) (cf. English village and villa). He also identifies the poem in The Tales of Ise as being a hybrid Japanese-Ainu poem.


鶏

Alternative spelling of 鳥 (tori): a chicken (domesticated fowl); chicken meat


鸗

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) wild duck


麚

Wang (1982) relates this word to 豭 (OC *kraː, “pig”), 羖 (OC *klaːʔ, “(black) ram”), and 牯 (OC *kaːʔ, “male bovine”). See 豭 (jiā) for more.


sole

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *sola, from Latin solea.


pa

From Old Galician-Portuguese paa, from Latin pāla (“shovel, spade”).


鵝

→ Guiqiong: wo

/ᵑɡᵘɔ²²⁻²²⁵/

/ᵑɡᵘɔ²²⁻²²⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ŋaːl): phonetic 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ) + semantic 鳥.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋa-n (“goose”); cognate with Tibetan ངང་པ (ngang pa), Burmese ငန်း (ngan:). However, the final consonants of the proposed cognates are possibly irreconcilable; they could instead be independently coined through onomatopoeia (Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2019).
Related to 雁 (OC *ŋraːns, “wild goose”); see there for more.

Han compound

domestic goose (as opposed to a wild goose – 雁 (yàn)) (Classifier: 隻／只 m c mn)


vier

vieri (plural)
vier (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
vierul (accusative definite nominative singular)
vieri (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
vierii (accusative definite nominative plural)
vier (indefinite singular)
vierului (definite singular)
vieri (indefinite singular)
vierilor (definite plural)
vierule (singular vocative)
vierilor (vocative)

From vie (“vineyard”), or from Latin vīneārius.


vache

Coordinate term: bôf m


vache

Haitian Creole: vach

Inherited from Middle French and Old French vache, from Latin vacca.

chacun son métier, les vaches seront bien gardées

parler français comme une vache espagnole


vache

C’est vache!


milkshake

(slang, horse racing) An alkaline supplement administered to a horse to improve its racing performance.


milkshake

en-verb

milkshake (third-person singular simple present milkshakes, present participle milkshaking, simple past and past participle milkshaked)

milkshakes (present singular third-person)
milkshaking (participle present)
milkshaked (participle past)
milkshaked (past)

(transitive, slang, horse racing) To administer an alkaline supplement to (a horse) to improve its racing performance.


baba

pl-noun

baba f (diminutive babka or babcia, augmentative babsko or babisko)

babka (diminutive)
babcia (diminutive)
babsko (augmentative)
babisko (augmentative)
baba (nominative singular)
baby (nominative plural)
baby (genitive singular)
bab (genitive plural)
babie (dative singular)
babom (dative plural)
babę (accusative singular)
baby (accusative plural)
babą (instrumental singular)
babami (instrumental plural)
babie (locative singular)
babach (locative plural)
babo (singular vocative)
baby (plural vocative)

nie miała baba kłopotu, kupiła sobie prosię


bill

From Middle English bill, bil, bille, bile, from Old English bile (“beak (of a bird); trunk (of an elephant)”), of unknown origin. Perhaps from a special use of Old English bil, bill (“hook; sword”) (see below).

inh

l-vocalizing: UK, General Australian, New Zealand

The woosel cock so black of hue, With orange-tawny bill, The throstle with his note so true, The wren with little quill[…]

c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i], line 125:

[…] The flesh [of the mistletoe berry] is sticky, and forms strings and ribbons between my thumb and forefinger. For the mistletoe, this viscous goop – and by the way, viscous comes to English from viscum – is crucial. The stickiness means that, after eating the berries, birds often regurgitate the seeds and then wipe their bills on twigs – leading to the seeds' getting glued to the tree, where they can germinate and begin the cycle anew.

2014 December 23, Olivia Judson, “The hemiparasite season [print version: Under the hemiparasite, International New York Times, 24–25 December 2014, page 7]”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 2014-12-23:

(zootomy) The beak of a bird, especially when small or flattish; sometimes also used with reference to a platypus, turtle, or other animal.


roadster

(UK, dated, slang) A hunter who keeps to the roads instead of following the hounds across country.


fork

Sranan Tongo: forku

→ Dutch: fork

→ Japanese: フォーク (fōku)

→ Kannada: ಫೋರ್ಕ್ (phōrk)

→ Korean: 포크 (pokeu)

→ Maori: paoka

→ Tamil: போர்க் (pōrk)

→ Telugu: ఫోర్క్ (phōrk)

From Middle English forke (“digging fork”), from Old English force, forca (“forked instrument used to torture”), from Proto-West Germanic *furkō (“fork”), from Latin furca (“pitchfork, forked stake; gallows, beam, stake, support post, yoke”), of uncertain origin. The Middle English word was later reinforced by Anglo-Norman, Old Northern French forque (= Old French forche whence French fourche), also from the Latin. Cognate also with North Frisian forck (“fork”), Dutch vork (“fork”), Danish fork (“fork”), German Forke (“pitchfork”). Displaced native gafol, ġeafel, ġeafle (“fork”), from Old English.
In its primary sense of “fork”, Latin furca appears to be derived from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰerk(ʷ)-, *ǵʰerg(ʷ)- (“fork”), although the development of the -c- is difficult to explain. In other senses this derivation is unlikely. For these, perhaps it is connected to Proto-Germanic *furkaz, *firkalaz (“stake, stick, pole, post”), from Proto-Indo-European *perg- (“pole, post”). If so, this would relate the word to Old English forclas pl (“bolt”), Old Saxon ferkal (“lock, bolt, bar”), Old Norse forkr (“pole, staff, stick”), Norwegian fork (“stick, bat”), Swedish fork (“pole”).

tienhaara

figurative: point in time of making a decision

afsplitsing

computer science: splitting of a process

odnož

computer science: copying and separately developing a project

bifurcació

computer science: a separately developed project based upon a copy of an existing project

a three-prong spear somewhat resembling a pitchfork

The upper front brow of a saddle bow, connected in the tree by the two saddle bars to the cantle on the other end.


currant

(hurry–furry merger, cure–fir merger) courant

Borrowed from French raisin de Corinthe (literally “grapes of Corinth, the city in Greece”). Cognate with Dutch krent. Doublet of Corinth.

bor

The fruit of various shrubs of the genus Ribes, white, black or red.


laughing goose

Anser albifrons
Anser albifrons#Translingual

The European white-fronted goose (Anser albifrons).


gras

is-noun

gras n (genitive singular grass, nominative plural grös)

grass (genitive singular)
grös (nominative plural)
gras (indefinite nominative singular)
grasið (definite nominative singular)
grös (indefinite nominative plural)
grösin (definite nominative plural)
gras (accusative indefinite singular)
grasið (accusative definite singular)
grös (accusative indefinite plural)
grösin (accusative definite plural)
grasi (dative indefinite singular)
grasinu (dative definite singular)
grösum (dative indefinite plural)
grösunum (dative definite plural)
grass (genitive indefinite singular)
grassins (definite genitive singular)
grasa (genitive indefinite plural)
grasanna (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse gras, from Proto-Germanic *grasą, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁- (“to grow”).


rock

en-noun

rock (countable and uncountable, plural rocks)

From Middle English rocke, rokke (“rock formation”), from Old English *rocc (“rock”), as in Old English stānrocc (“high stone rock, peak, obelisk”), and also later from Anglo-Norman roque, (compare Modern French roc, roche, rocher), from Medieval Latin rocca (attested 767), of uncertain origin, sometimes said to be of Celtic (in particular, perhaps Gaulish) origin (compare Breton roc'h). Related also to Middle Low German rocke (“rock ledge”). One suggestion is that it derives from Vulgar Latin *rupica, from rupes (compare rupico).

rockcress

Brassicaceae: Arabis, Arabidopsis, Boechera spp.


rock

en-verb

rock (third-person singular simple present rocks, present participle rocking, simple past and past participle rocked)

rocks (present singular third-person)
rocking (participle present)
rocked (participle past)
rocked (past)

From Middle English rokken, from Old English roccian, from Proto-West Germanic *rokkōn, from Proto-Germanic *rukkōną, from Proto-Germanic *rukkōną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ruknéh₂ti, from *h₃rewk-, *h₃runk-.
See also obsolete Dutch rokken, Middle High German rocken (“to drag, jerk”), Modern German rücken (“to move, shift”), Icelandic rukka (“to yank”); also Latin runcāre (“to weed”), Latvian rũķēt (“to toss, dig”).

cog

the hand that rocks the cradle is the hand that rules the world

the hand that rocks the cradle rules the world

That band rocks!


dash

sq-noun

dash m (plural desh, definite dashi, definite plural deshtë)

desh (plural)
dashi (definite)
deshtë (definite plural)

Potentially from Early Proto-Albanian *dauša, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰows-o-s (compare English deer, Lithuanian daũsos (“upper air; heaven”)).


toro

Inherited from Old Catalan toro, from Latin taurus. Directly inherited from Latin, despite the final vowel. Cognate with Occitan taur. Old Catalan also had a form taur, which was borrowed from Latin.


toro

Inherited from Classical Latin taurus, from Proto-Italic *tauros, from Proto-Indo-European *táwros. Doublet of tauro, which is a learned borrowing.

Qual è quel toro che si slaccia in quella / c’ ha ricevuto già ’l colpo mortale, / che gir non sa, ma qua e là saltella […]

1300s–1310s, Dante Alighieri, “Canto XII”, in Inferno [Hell], lines 22–24; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate], 2ⁿᵈ revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:

Just like a bull who breaks free, after having already received the fatal blow, cannot escape, and just jumps around […]

[…] il pastor, a cui il fier lupo ha tolto / Il più bel toro del cornuto armento

1475, Angelo Poliziano, “Libro I”, in Stanze de messer Angelo Poliziano cominciate per la giostra del magnifico Giuliano di Pietro de Medici, Turin, section 66, lines 3–4; collected in Poemetti italiani, volume 1, publ. Michel Angelo Morano, 1797, page 63:

[…] the shepherd, from whom the fierce wolf has taken the best bull of the horned herd

(figurative) bull (large, strong man; also, a virile man)


toro

Borrowed from Spanish toro, from Latin taurus, from Proto-Indo-European *táwros.


toro

(colloquial) forklift, lift truck, jitney, fork truck (a small industrial vehicle with a power-operated fork-like pronged platform that can be raised and lowered for insertion under a load, often on pallets, to be lifted and moved)


toro

Borrowed from Spanish toro, from Latin taurus. Doublet of Tawro.


uve

uve (nominative singular)
uvveet (nominative plural)
uvveen (genitive singular)
uvvein (genitive plural)
uvetta (partitive singular)
uvveita (partitive plural)
uvveesse (illative singular)
uvveisse (illative plural)
uvvees (inessive singular)
uvveis (inessive plural)
uvveest (elative singular)
uvveist (elative plural)
uvveelle (allative singular)
uvveille (allative plural)
uvveel (adessive singular)
uvveil (adessive plural)
uvveelt (ablative singular)
uvveilt (ablative plural)
uvveeks (singular translative)
uvveiks (plural translative)
uvveenna (essive singular)
uvveen (essive singular)
uvveinna (essive plural)
uvvein (essive plural)
uvveent (exessive singular)
uvveint (exessive plural)

From Proto-Finnic *ubëh. Cognates include dialectal Finnish uve and Veps ubeh.


acetabulum

en-noun

acetabulum (plural acetabulums or acetabula)

Learned borrowing from Latin acētābulum (“vinegar saucer, 1/48 congius”), from acētum (“vinegar”) + -bulum (“-bule: a vessel for”).

lbor

(zootomy) The cavity in which the leg of an insect is inserted at its articulation with the body.

acetàbul

(zootomy) A sucker of the sepia or cuttlefish and related animals.

(zootomy) The large posterior sucker of the leeches.

(zootomy) One of the lobes of the placenta in ruminating animals.


acetabulum

la-noun

acētābulum n (genitive acētābulī); second declension

acētābulum (canonical neuter)
acētābulī (genitive)
acētābulum (nominative singular)
acētābula (nominative plural)
acētābulī (genitive singular)
acētābulōrum (genitive plural)
acētābulō (dative singular)
acētābulīs (dative plural)
acētābulum (accusative singular)
acētābula (accusative plural)
acētābulō (ablative singular)
acētābulīs (ablative plural)
acētābulum (singular vocative)
acētābula (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: acetàbul

→ English: acetabulum

→ Esperanto: acetabulo

→ French: acétabule, acétabulum

Italian: acetabolo

→ Portuguese: acetábulo

→ Romanian: acetabul

→ Russian: ацетабул (acetabul)

→ Spanish: acetábulo

[äkeːˈt̪äːbʊɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]

From acētum (“vinegar”) + -bulum (“a vessel for”).

suffix

(zootomy) acetabulum, the suckers or cavities in the arms of polypi


bitch

en-noun

bitch (countable and uncountable, plural bitches)

→ Dutch: bitch

→? German: Betze, Bätze, Petze

→ French: bitch

From Middle English biche, bicche, from Old English biċċe, from Proto-West Germanic *bikkjā, from Proto-Germanic *bikjǭ (compare Norwegian bikkje (“dog”), Old Danish bikke), from *bikjaną (“to thrust, attack”) (compare Old Norse bikkja (“plunge into water”), Dutch bikken (“to hack”)). More at bicker.

My bitch just had puppies; they're so cute!

All members of one breed, both dog and bitch, champion and nonchampion, are judged in a series of competitions until only one animal remains.

1953, LIFE, volume 34, number 6, page 110:

(dated or specialised, dog-breeding) A female dog or other canine, particularly a recent mother.

dated or specialised; dog-breeding; dated or specialised; dog-breeding

female

when the species is specified or implied


torus

la-noun

torus m (genitive torī); second declension

torī (genitive)
torus (nominative singular)
torī (nominative plural)
torī (genitive singular)
torōrum (genitive plural)
torō (dative singular)
torīs (dative plural)
torum (accusative singular)
torōs (accusative plural)
torō (ablative singular)
torīs (ablative plural)
tore (singular vocative)
torī (plural vocative)

Asturian: tueru

→ English: torus

French: toron, tore (borrowed)

→ Galician: toro

Italian: toro

→ Portuguese: toro

Spanish: tuero, toro (borrowed)

Of uncertain origin.
De Vaan proposes a tentative derivation from a Proto-Indo-European *torh₂-os, from *terh₂- (“to cross, go through”). This is formally and semantically solid, though there is little linguistic evidence to support it.
An older theory by Leumann derived the word from sternō (“to spread”), itself from Proto-Indo-European *sterh₃- (“to spread, extend”), but the connection between the two Latin words is semantically dubious (one would expect torus to be derived from a verb meaning "to turn" or "to knot" rather than "to spread").

der

(zootomy, usually poetic) muscular or fleshly part, muscle, brawn of an animal bodies

(transferred sense, botany) bulge, thickness of trees


bar

en-noun

bar (countable and uncountable, plural bars)

→ Albanian: bar m

→ Arabic: بَار m (bār)

→ Armenian: բար (bar)

→ Bulgarian: бар (bar)

→ Burmese: ဘား (bha:)

→ Chichewa: bála

→ Cantonese: 吧 (baa¹)

→ Czech: bar m

→ Danish: bar c

→ Dutch: bar m

→ Esperanto: baro

→ Estonian: baar

→ French: bar m
→ Romanian: bar

→ Galician: bar m

→ Georgian: ბარი (bari)

→ German: Bar f

→ Greek: μπαρ n (bar)

→ Gulf Arabic: بار (bār)

→ Hebrew: בָּר (bar), בָּאר (bár)

→ Hungarian: bár (also via German)

→ Icelandic: bar m

→ Irish: beár m

→ Italian: bar m

→ Japanese: バー (bā)

→ Khmer: បារ (baa)

→ Korean: 바 (ba)

→ Lithuanian: bãras m

→ Macedonian: бар m (bar)

→ Malagasy: ba

→ Mandarin: 吧 (bā)

→ Norwegian:

Bokmål: bar m

Nynorsk: bar m

→ Persian: بار (bâr)

→ Polish: bar m

→ Portuguese: bar m

→ Russian: бар m (bar)

→ Serbo-Croatian: ба̑р m, bȃr m

→ Slovene: bȃr m

→ Spanish: bar m

→ Swahili: baa

→ Swedish: bar c (see there for further descendants)

→ Thai: บาร์ (baa)

→ Turkish: bar

→ Xhosa: íbhári

→ Zulu: ibha

From Middle English barre, from Old French barre (“beam, bar, gate, barrier”), from Vulgar Latin *barra, of uncertain origin. Doublet of barre.

der

(farriery) The part of the crust of a horse's hoof which is bent inwards towards the frog at the heel on each side, and extends into the centre of the sole.

(farriery, in the plural) The space between the tusks and grinders in the upper jaw of a horse, in which the bit is placed.


bar

From Middle English barren, from Old French barrer, from Medieval Latin barrare (“to bar”), from the noun. Cognate to Occitan barrar, Spanish barrar, Portuguese barrar.
Preposition properly imperative of the verb. Compare barring.

Leg At Each Corner is at 3/1, Lost My Shirt 5/1, and it's 10/1 bar.

(horse racing) Denotes the minimum odds offered on other horses not mentioned by name.


bar

bār (canonical masculine)
bār (nominative singular)
bāras (nominative plural)
bār (accusative singular)
bāras (accusative plural)
bāres (genitive singular)
bāra (genitive plural)
bāre (dative singular)
bārum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: bor, boor, bore, boore, bar, bare, bayre
English: boar
Scots: bair
Yola: boar


Guernsey

From Anglo-Norman, from Old Norse, compound of Grani (“Grani's”) and ey (“island”). Folk etymology points to a dialectal root for green.

An unincorporated community in California


shanghai

1871, from the important Chinese port Shanghai, as a verb with reference to the former practice by some shippers on the West Coast of the United States of press-ganging crews for fishing or shipping in the Pacific Ocean.

Cochins or Shanghaes.

1853, W.B. Tegetmeier, Profitable Poultry, page 19:

(often capitalized, dated) A breed of chicken with large bodies, long legs, and feathered shanks.


loud

en-adj

loud (comparative louder, superlative loudest)

louder (comparative)
loudest (superlative)

From Middle English loude, loud, lud, from Old English hlūd (“loud, noisy, sounding, sonorous”), from Proto-West Germanic *hlūd, from Proto-Germanic *hlūdaz, *hlūþaz (“heard”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlewtos (“heard, famous”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“to hear”). More at listen.
Cognates
Akin to Scots loud, lowd (“loud”), Swedish ljud, West Frisian lûd (“loud”), Dutch luid (“loud”), Low German lud (“loud”), German laut (“loud”), Irish clú (“repute”), Welsh clywed (“heard”), clod (“praise”), Latin laudare (“praise”), Tocharian A/B klots/klautso 'ear', klyostär 'heard', Ancient Greek κλυτός (klutós, “famous”), Albanian quaj (“to name, call”), shquar (“famous, notorious”), Old Armenian լու (lu, “the act of hearing”), Old Church Slavonic слава (slava, “glory”), слово (slovo, “word”), Sanskrit श्रव (śráva, “glory”).

cog

Some of the loudest blubberers are developers who, having made enormous profits as a result of local, state, and federal subsidies, complain that government doesn't do enough for them.

1988 September 12, Ben Joravsky, “Property-tax assessments rise; north siders are revolting”, in Chicago Reader:

(of a person, event, etc.) Not subtle or reserved, brash.

(of marijuana, slang) High-quality; premium; (by extension) having a strong or pungent odour indicating good quality.


loud

en-noun

loud (countable and uncountable, plural louds)

(slang, uncountable) High-quality marijuana.


loud

From Middle English loude, from Old English hlūde (“loudly”), from Proto-Germanic *hlūda, *hlūdô (“loudly”), related to Etymology 1.

Who knocks so loud at door?

c. 1596–1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv]:

Unluckily that worthy Officer having, in a literal Sense, taken his Fill of Liquor, had been some Time retired to his Bolster, where he was snoaring so loud, that it was not easy to convey a Noise in at his Ears capable of drowning that which issued from his Nostrils.

1749, Henry Fielding, chapter 14, in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book 7, pages 71-72:

Money still talks — indeed, thanks in part to the Roberts court, it talks louder than ever. Still, ideas matter too, shaping both how we talk about society and, eventually, what we do.

2014 April 25, Paul Krugman, “The Piketty Panic”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


Schaf

Probably borrowed from German Schaf, or else influenced by it. Doublet of Schooff, which was inherited.


Schaf

de-noun

Schaf n (strong, genitive Schafes or Schafs, plural Schafe, diminutive Schäfchen n or Schäflein n)

Schafes (genitive)
Schafs (genitive)
Schafe (plural)
Schäfchen (diminutive neuter)
Schäflein (diminutive neuter)
Schaf (nominative singular)
Schafe (definite nominative plural)
Schafes (genitive singular)
Schafs (genitive singular)
Schafe (definite genitive plural)
Schaf (dative singular)
Schafe (dative singular)
Schafen (dative definite plural)
Schaf (accusative singular)
Schafe (accusative definite plural)

→ Alemannic German: Schaf

From Middle High German schâf, from Old High German scāf.
Akin to Bavarian Schåf, Luxembourgish Schof, Hunsrik Schof, German Low German Schaap, Dutch schaap, Afrikaans skaap, English sheep, and West Frisian skiep. See sheep for more.

Schafwolle

ein Schaf scheren


oveja

Inherited from Old Spanish oueja, from Latin ovicula (“little sheep”), diminutive of ovis (“sheep”), from Proto-Italic *owis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ówis. Compare Portuguese ovelha, Russian овца (ovca)


ovca

óvca (canonical feminine)
о́вца (Cyrillic)
óvca (nominative singular)
ȏvce (nominative plural)
óvcē (genitive singular)
ovácā (genitive plural)
óvci (dative singular)
óvcama (dative plural)
òvcama (dative plural)
óvcu (accusative singular)
ȏvce (accusative plural)
ȏvco (singular vocative)
ȏvce (plural vocative)
óvci (locative singular)
óvcama (locative plural)
òvcama (locative plural)
óvcōm (instrumental singular)
óvcama (instrumental plural)
òvcama (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ovьca, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *áwis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ówis.


ovca

sk-noun

ovca f (relational adjective ovčí, diminutive ovečka)

ovčí (adjective relational)
ovečka (diminutive)
ovca (nominative singular)
ovce (nominative plural)
ovce (genitive singular)
oviec (genitive plural)
ovci (dative singular)
ovciam (dative plural)
ovcu (accusative singular)
ovce (accusative plural)
ovci (locative singular)
ovciach (locative plural)
ovcou (instrumental singular)
ovcami (instrumental plural)


ovca

óvca (canonical feminine)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
ôvca (nominative singular)
ôvci (dual nominative)
ôvce (nominative plural)
ôvce (genitive singular)
ôvc (dual genitive)
ôvc (genitive plural)
ôvci (dative singular)
ôvcama (dative dual)
ôvcam (dative plural)
ôvco (accusative singular)
ôvci (accusative dual)
ôvce (accusative plural)
ôvci (locative singular)
ôvcah (dual locative)
ôvcah (locative plural)
ôvco (instrumental singular)
ôvcama (dual instrumental)
ôvcami (instrumental plural)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
ôvca (nominative singular)
ovcé (dual nominative)
ovcé (nominative plural)
ovcé (genitive singular)
ovác (dual genitive)
ovác (genitive plural)
ôvci (dative singular)
ovcáma (dative dual)
ovcàm (dative plural)
ovcó (accusative singular)
ovcé (accusative dual)
ovcé (accusative plural)
ôvci (locative singular)
ovcàh (dual locative)
ovcàh (locative plural)
ovcó (instrumental singular)
ovcáma (dual instrumental)
ovcámi (instrumental plural)


songster

From Middle English songster, sangester, sangstere, from Old English sangestre (“a female singer; songstress”), equivalent to song + -ster. Cognate with Scots sangstar (“singer; songster”). Compare also West Frisian sjongster (“singer; female singer; vocalist”).

cog

The woodcock, the snipe, and other nocturnal birds were all gone to rest; but the merry songsters of the wood now filled the air with their jubilee; the nutcracker began his monotonous clattering, the chaffinches and the wrens sang high in the sky, the blackcock scolded and blustered loudly, the thrush sang his mocking songs and libellous ditties about everybody, but became occasionally a little sentimental and warbled gently and bashfully some tender stanzas.

1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 89:


songstress

From songster + -ess. Compare West Frisian sjongeres (“songstress”), Dutch zangeres (“songstress”).


beach

head

beach f (genitive singular beiche, nominative plural beacha)

beiche (genitive singular)
beacha (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
beach (indefinite singular)
beacha (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a bheach (indefinite singular)
a bheacha (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
beiche (indefinite singular)
beach (indefinite plural)
dative (indefinite)
beich (archaic dialectal indefinite singular)
nominative (definite)
an bheach (definite singular)
na beacha (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
na beiche (definite singular)
na mbeach (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an mbeach (definite singular)
leis an mbeich (archaic definite dialectal singular)
don bheach (definite singular)
don bheich (archaic definite dialectal singular)
leis na beacha (definite plural)
beach
bheach
mbeach

From Old Irish bech, from Proto-Celtic *beko-, *bikos (compare Middle Welsh beg-egyr, byg-egyr (“drone”)), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰik-, *bʰoyk- (compare Latin fūcus and, perhaps, Proto-Slavic *bьčela), enlargement of *bʰey- (compare Welsh by-daf (“beehive”), English bee).


beach

head

beach m (genitive singular beacha, plural beachan)

beacha (genitive singular)
beachan (plural)
beach
bheach

From Old Irish bech, from Proto-Celtic *beko-, *bikos, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰik-, *bʰoik-, enlargement of *bʰī-, *bʰei-.


ola

ola (nominative singular)
olas (nominative plural)
olas (genitive singular)
olu (genitive plural)
olai (dative singular)
olām (dative plural)
olu (accusative singular)
olas (accusative plural)
olu (instrumental singular)
olām (instrumental plural)
olā (locative singular)
olās (locative plural)
ola (singular vocative)
olas (plural vocative)

From a previous Proto-Baltic neuter noun *wuolan, from Proto-Baltic *wuol-, from Proto-Indo-European *wēl-, *wōl-, the lengthened grade of the stem *wel- (“to turn, to roll, to wind”), whence also velt (“to roll, to trundle”). The original meaning was therefore “something that turns, rolls”, still visible in the dialectal verb olāt (“to roll, to trundle”), and in the standard Latvian term olis (“round pebble”), dialectally also ola. It is possible that Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm (“egg”), which would have become *wowan in Proto-Baltic, may have influenced the development of *wuolan into ola. A synonym term pauts was used alongside ola until the beginning of the 20th century, when ola became dominant and replaced it. Cognates include Lithuanian uolà (“cliff, rock”).

cieti, mīksti vārīta ola

cieta, mīksta ola

nolobīt olu

jēla ola

raw egg (also: unexperienced, naive person)

cepta ola

pildīta ola

olu kultenis

izdzert olu

to drink an egg (= to suck the liquid through a hole on the eggshell)

Lieldienu ola

Easter egg (painted egg, part of the celebration of Easter)

mums, kā vistu neturēja, tā olu pašiem nebija

since we didn't keep hens, we didn't have eggs

egg (said reproductive cell, usually from birds, used as food)


Ancona

From Italian Ancona, from Latin Ancōna, from ancōn (“curve, elbow”).

Livingston County
Livingston County#English

An unincorporated community in Reading Township, Livingston County, Illinois, United States, named after Ancona, Italy.


length

en-noun

length (countable and uncountable, plural lengths)

From Middle English lengthe, from Old English lengþ, lengþu, from Proto-West Germanic *langiþu, from Proto-Germanic *langiþō, equivalent to long + -th. Cognate with Scots lenth, lainth (“length”), Saterland Frisian Loangte (“length”), West Frisian lingte, langte (“length”), Dutch lengte (“length”), German Low German Längde, Längd, Längte, Längt (“length”), Danish længde (“length”), Swedish längd (“length”), Icelandic lengd (“length”).

(horse racing) The length of a horse, used to indicate the distance between horses at the end of a race.


volt

(archaic, equestrianism) A circular movement in which the horse goes round in a small circle.


drone

→ Asturian: dron

→ Italian: drone

→ Punjabi: ਡ੍ਰੋਨ (ḍron)

→ Polish: dron

→ Portuguese: drone

→ Spanish: dron

From Middle English drane, from Old English drān, from Proto-West Germanic *drānu, from Proto-Germanic *drēniz, *drēnuz, *drenô (“an insect, drone”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrēn- (“bee, drone, hornet”). Cognate with Danish drone (“drone”), Dutch dar (“male bee or wasp”), German Drohne, dialectal German Dräne, Trehne, Trene (“drone”), Low German drone (“drone”), Swedish drönje, drönare (“drone”).
The etymology of the sense of "remote-controlled aircraft" is disputed; theories include early military UAVs dumbly flying on preset paths.

inh

All with united force combine to drive / The lazy drones from the laborious hive.

1697, Virgil, “The Fourth Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:

A male ant, bee, or wasp, which does not work but can fertilize the queen.

The Apex boat is a small radio-controlled craft which tows, at an angle, two Drone boats. The latter are small craft filled with explosives to be detonated from the control radio of the Apex boat.

1946, Seventh United States Army in France and Germany, Report of Operations, volume 1, page 73:

Firefish, a drone boat, is the second radio-controlled target used by the detachment. A 17-foot fiber glass craft, it weighs 1700 pounds and operates from the support ship by remote control at a range of up to five miles using tracking radar.

1968 July 13, “Long-Distance Crews”, in All Hands, number 618, page 27:

There, in the heart of a desert target range, operates a fleet of remote-control QM-56 mobile land drones, more familiarly described as modified tanks.

1968 September 13, “Desert Tank Corps”, in All Hands, number 620, page 13:

"Libya obtained a remote controlled explosive boat system consisting of 30-knot drone boats packed with high explosives controlled from a cabin cruiser type craft," Butts told the seapower and strategic and critical materials subcomittee.

1984 March 1, UPI, “Libya owns drone boats, Navy says”, in Eugene Register-Guard, page 2:

(chiefly military) Any remotely-operated vehicle (ROV), especially when multiple such vehicles are operated from a larger vessel.

The van is locally referred to as "a drone" because it is compact and stable under extreme conditions. It is also very fast. Technically though, it is a Toyota Hiace, which is usually used for commercial purposes.

2021 February 4, Alex Mugasha, “Why Uganda's security agencies have fallen in love with the "Drone" van”, in Nile Post:

He has been arrested several times, transported in drone vans and brutalized in various detention facilities.

2021 February 4, Kakwenza Rukirabashaija, “Horror inside a kidnap drone”, in The Observer:

The Toyota Hiace is a light commercial van that can be used as a minibus, a taxi, or even an ambulance. But in Uganda, the "drone" has a sinister reputation. Chris Atukwasize, a cartoonist at the Daily Monitor newspaper, dubbed it the #WheelsOfSteal and rendered it as a skull: brake lights dripping blood, its front grille a row of teeth, and hands plastered behind its tinted back windows, pleading for help.

2021 March 3, Liam Taylor, “They came in plainclothes with guns: 'Abducted' by Uganda's army”, in Al Jazeera:

Earlier this week, Deputy Speaker of Parliament Thomas Tayebwa summoned the Prime Minister Robinah Nabbanja together with the Ministers of Security and Internal Affairs and parliamentary whips to address the said return of drones on the streets.

2022 October 2, Sam Waswa, “UPDF Probes Drone Raid at Journalist's Home”, in Chimp Reports:

A minibus van, often numberless and dubbed the 'drone', gained notoriety for kidnaps and disappearances.

2022 October 20, Albert K Awedoba, Andreas Mehler, Benedikt Kamski, David Sebudubudu, Africa Yearbook, volume 18, →ISBN, page 419:

(Uganda) A Toyota HiAce or a similar van, especially one used by Ugandan state agents to kidnap opposition members.

The billionaire-friendly media drones and frenzied multiculturalist politicians are imposing "vibrant" third world social violence onto Australians, and Australians don't get to vote against this "bipartisan" conspiracy. The hyperactive globalist politicians and media drones might find themselves facing firing squads if they don't change their corrupt ways.

2009 December 18, Benway (original non-Zionist), “Shocking Jewish faggot property pimp attack on Australia”, in aus.politics (Usenet):

Instead, you got into lockstep with all the other hive-mind libtard drones and voted for the slimy corrupt scumbag bitch who was under *two* active Congressional investigations (a first in history, BTW), Hitlery Clinton.

2017 January 19, The Party Of Trump (The Party For Winners), “Re: Clinton Cash”, in alt.checkmate (Usenet):

non-player character
non-player character

(slang, derogatory) One who lacks the ability to think critically and independently, especially one who follows a group blindly; a non-player character.


drone

head

drone c (singular definite dronen, plural indefinite droner)

dronen (definite singular)
droner (indefinite plural)
drone (indefinite nominative singular)
dronen (definite nominative singular)
droner (indefinite nominative plural)
dronerne (definite nominative plural)
drones (genitive indefinite singular)
dronens (definite genitive singular)
droners (genitive indefinite plural)
dronernes (definite genitive plural)

From Middle Low German drone (sense 1), and English drone (sense 2).

a drone (radio-controlled pilotless aircraft)


worker

From Middle English werkere, worcher, wercher, equivalent to work + -er. Displaced the older term wright, from Old English wyrhta.

A nonreproductive social insect, such as ant, bee, termite, or wasp.

(rare) A female ant, bee, termite or wasp.


hold one's horses

en-verb

hold one's horses (third-person singular simple present holds one's horses, present participle holding one's horses, simple past and past participle held one's horses)

holds one's horses (present singular third-person)
holding one's horses (participle present)
held one's horses (participle past)
held one's horses (past)

"I'm going to tell you, ain't I?" he said, gruffly. "Just hold your horses a minute, please."

1921, Booth Tarkington, chapter 24, in Alice Adams:

"I would ask everybody to hold their horses until we go through the process," ElBaradei said.

2007 September 17, “Force is last resort in Iranian crisis”, in forbes.com/Thomson Financial News, retrieved 2008-10-05:


propolis

From Latin propolis, from Hellenistic Ancient Greek πρόπολις (própolis, “suburb; propolis”) (apparently because the material was used by bees to extend their hives), from Ancient Greek προ- (pro-, “pro-”) + πόλις (pólis, “city”).

uder

An aromatic glue-like substance produced by honeybees from tree resin, waxes, and their own secretions, used in the construction of their hives.


hound

enm-noun

hound (plural houndes or (rare) hounden)

houndes (plural)
hounden (plural rare)
hound (accusative nominative singular)
houndes (accusative nominative plural)
houndes (genitive singular)
hounde (genitive plural)
hounde (dative singular)
hounden (dative plural)

English: hound

Northumbrian: hoond, hund

Scots: hoond, hund

Canis lupus familiaris
Canis lupus familiaris#Translingual

dog, hound (The canid Canis lupus familiaris)

(specifically) A male or fully-grown dog.


Gaul

de-noun

Gaul m (strong, genitive Gaules or Gauls, plural Gäule)

Gaules (genitive)
Gauls (genitive)
Gäule (plural)
Gaul (nominative singular)
Gäule (definite nominative plural)
Gaules (genitive singular)
Gauls (genitive singular)
Gäule (definite genitive plural)
Gaul (dative singular)
Gaule (dative singular)
Gäulen (dative definite plural)
Gaul (accusative singular)
Gäule (accusative definite plural)

From Middle High German gūl, of obscure ultimate origin, but possibly ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *geutan (“to pour, cast”), referring to a powerful male horse, a "seed-pouring animal." Cognate with Dutch guil (“old horse”).

der

einem geschenkten Gaul schaut man nicht ins Maul


hinny

en-verb

hinny (third-person singular simple present hinnies, present participle hinnying, simple past and past participle hinnied)

hinnies (present singular third-person)
hinnying (participle present)
hinnied (participle past)
hinnied (past)

Alteration of whinny, which is onomatopoeic.


horn

en-noun

horn (countable and uncountable, plural horns)

From Middle English horn, horne, from Old English horn, from Proto-West Germanic *horn, from Proto-Germanic *hurną. Compare West Frisian hoarn, Dutch hoorn, Low German Hoorn, horn, German Horn, Danish and Swedish horn, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽 (haurn).
Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥h₂-nó-m, from *ḱerh₂- (“head, horn”). Compare Breton kern (“horn”), Latin cornū, Ancient Greek κέρας (kéras), Proto-Slavic *sьrna, Old Church Slavonic сьрна (sĭrna, “roedeer”), Hittite [script needed] (surna, “horn”), Persian سر (sar), Sanskrit शृङ्ग (śṛṅga, “horn”).
(telephone): From the horn-shaped earpieces of old communication systems that used air tubes.

cog

(countable, zootomy) A hard growth of keratin that protrudes from the top of the head of certain animals, usually paired.


horn

English: horn

Scots: horn

Yola: hoorn

From Old English horn, from Proto-West Germanic *horn, from Proto-Germanic *hurną, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥h₂nós (with change in gender).


cuerno

Inherited from Latin cornū, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“horn”).

(weaponry, Mexico, Central America) AK-47


leopard

From Middle English leopard, leopart, lepard, leperd, from Old French leopard (“leopard”), from Late Latin leopardus (“leopon, lipard”) from late Ancient Greek λεόπαρδος (leópardos, “leopon, lipard”), from λέων (léōn, “lion”) + πάρδος (párdos, “pard, male leopard”), from earlier πάρδαλις (párdalis, “leopard”), probably from an unattested Old Persian [Term?] term ancestral to Middle Persian palang, Khwarezmian plyk, Sogdian [script needed] (pwrδnk), Pashto پړانګ (pṛāng). Compare Persian پلنگ (palang) and Sanskrit पृदाकु (pṛdāku, “panther”).

tier

a large wild cat with a spotted coat, Panthera pardus

Naakaii Łizhiní Bikéyahdę́ę́ʼ náshdóítsoh łikizhígíí

leopon

hybrid formed by a leopard and a lioness

lipard

hybrid formed by a lion and a leopardess

During all such cases when we were present they responded by giving repeated alarm calls, even when the leopard was already feeding on a carcass. We wanted to determine whether vervets knew enough about the behavior of leopards to recognize that, even in the absence of a leopard, a carcass in a tree signaled the same potential danger as did a leopard itself.

1990, Dorothy L. Cheney, How Monkeys See the World: Inside the Mind of Another Species, published 1992, page 284:

The leopard (Panthera pardus or Felis pardus cf tulliana) is a close relative of the lion, but biblical references mentioning it are very few, suggesting that it was not as common.

1998, Oded Borowski, Every Living Thing: Daily Use of Animals in Ancient Israel, page 201:

Leopard skins have always been desirable commodities because of their spectacular spotted patterns.

2005, Richard Ellis, Tiger Bone & Rhino Horn: The Destruction of Wildlife for Traditional Chinese Medicine, page 197:

Panthera pardus
Panthera pardus#Translingual

Panthera pardus, a large wild cat with a spotted coat native to Africa and Asia, especially the male of the species (in contrast to leopardess).

Neofelis nebulosa
Neofelis nebulosa#Translingual

(inexact) A similar-looking, large wild cat named after the leopard.

The clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa), a large wild cat native to Asia.

Panthera uncia
Panthera uncia#Translingual

The snow leopard (Panthera uncia), a large wild cat native to Asia.

There are plenty of beautiful cats among the thirty-nine species in the Felidae family, but the three leopards—clouded, common, and snow—may be the most visually stunning. Cloaked in the most beautiful fur of any cat, the reclusive clouded leopard is the Greta Garbo of the lot; it lives a solitary life in the remote jungles of Asia, from Nepal to Borneo.

2005, Eric Dinerstein, Tigerland and Other Unintended Destinations, page 81:

Any of various nymphalid butterflies of the genus Phalanta, having black markings on an orange base.


lion

→ Hawaiian: liona

→ Japanese: ライオン (raion)

→ Maia: laion

→ Tokelauan: leona

From Middle English lyoun, lion, leon, borrowed from Old French lion, from Latin leō, (accusative: leōnem), from Ancient Greek λέων (léōn), of unclear origin. Doublet of Leo, leu, lev, and Lyon. Displaced Old English lēo.

March comes in like a lion and goes out like a lamb

A big cat, Panthera leo, native to Africa, India and formerly much of Europe.

(in particular) A male lion, as opposed to a lioness.


lion

Haitian Creole: lyon

Mauritian Creole: lyon

Seychellois Creole: lyon

Inherited from Old French lion, a semi-learned borrowing from Latin leōnem, from Ancient Greek λέων (léōn).

(dated) a style of elegant young man that came after the dandy


warthog

(zoology) A wild pig of the genus Phacochoerus, native to Africa.


lioness

From Middle English leonesse, lyonesse, from Old French leonesse, lionesse; equivalent to lion + -ess.

When "lionesses" visiting Oxford for the gay doings of commemoration week spend a morning at Merton, they should look out for Antony Wood's mural tablet in the chapel, […]

1871, John Cordy Jeaffreson, Annals of Oxford, page 305:

"Now, boys, keep your eyes open, there must be plenty of lionesses about;" and thus warned, the whole load, including the cornopean player, were on the look-out for lady visitors, profanely called lionesses, all the way up the street.

1888, Thomas Hughes, Tom Brown at Oxford, page 271:

(Oxford University slang, obsolete) A female visitor to a student at Oxford, especially during commemoration week.


ox

→ Abenaki: aksen (via "oxen")

→ Malecite-Passamaquoddy: akson (via "oxen")

→ Unami: aksën (via "oxen")

From Middle English oxe, from Old English oxa, from Proto-West Germanic *ohsō, from Proto-Germanic *uhsô (compare West Frisian okse, Dutch os, German Ochse), from Proto-Indo-European *uksḗn.
Cognate with Welsh ych (“ox”), Tocharian A ops, Tocharian B okso (“draft-ox”), Avestan 𐬎𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬥 (uxšan, “bull”), Sanskrit उक्षन् (ukṣán).

nandwie

any bovine animal used as a beast of burden

one hair of a woman can draw more than a hundred pair of oxen

An adult castrated male of cattle (B. taurus), especially when used as a beast of burden.

Here the same four kinds are mentioned ... These are sheep, goats, camels and oxen.

1934, commentary on the Qur'an (Sura 39 verse 6) by Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Any bovine animal (genus Bos). A neat, a beef.


idi

idi (absolutive indefinite)
idia (absolutive indefinite singular)
idiak (absolutive indefinite plural)
idik (ergative indefinite)
idiak (ergative indefinite singular)
idiek (ergative indefinite plural)
idiri (dative indefinite)
idiari (dative indefinite singular)
idiei (dative indefinite plural)
idiren (genitive indefinite)
idiaren (genitive indefinite singular)
idien (genitive indefinite plural)
idirekin (comitative indefinite)
idiarekin (comitative indefinite singular)
idiekin (comitative indefinite plural)
idirengatik (causative indefinite)
idiarengatik (causative indefinite singular)
idiengatik (causative indefinite plural)
idirentzat (benefactive indefinite)
idiarentzat (benefactive indefinite singular)
idientzat (benefactive indefinite plural)
idiz (indefinite instrumental)
idiaz (indefinite instrumental singular)
idiez (indefinite instrumental plural)
idirengan (indefinite inessive)
idiarengan (indefinite inessive singular)
idiengan (indefinite inessive plural)
idirengana (allative indefinite)
idiarengana (allative indefinite singular)
idiengana (allative indefinite plural)
idirenganaino (indefinite terminative)
idiarenganaino (indefinite singular terminative)
idienganaino (indefinite plural terminative)
idirenganantz (directive indefinite)
idiarenganantz (directive indefinite singular)
idienganantz (directive indefinite plural)
idirenganako (destinative indefinite)
idiarenganako (destinative indefinite singular)
idienganako (destinative indefinite plural)
idirengandik (ablative indefinite)
idiarengandik (ablative indefinite singular)
idiengandik (ablative indefinite plural)
idirik (indefinite partitive)
iditzat (indefinite prolative)


prep

en-noun

prep (countable and uncountable, plural preps)

(horse racing) A preparatory race or workout.


Prosecco

Prosecco (countable and uncountable, plural Proseccos)

From Italian Prosecco, short for (vino di) Prosecco, “(wine of) Prosecco”, near Trieste. The toponym Prosecco comes from Proto-Slavic *prosěkъ (“kind of axe; opening, cutting (in a forest)”) from the areas deforested for the cultivation of the vine.

der

‘Itʼs Prosecco, champagneʼs Italian cousin!’

2019, Candice Carty-Williams, Queenie, Trapeze, page 96:

A dry, slightly sparkling Italian white wine made from that grape.


tea

Semantic loan from Chinese 茶 (chá, “tea”).

sl

A moment, a historical unit of time from China, about the amount of time needed to quickly drink a traditional cup of tea. It is now found in Chinese-language historical fiction.


barrow

From Middle English barowe, barwe, barewe, from Old English bearwe (“basket, handbarrow”), from Proto-West Germanic *barwā, *barwijā, from Proto-Germanic *barwǭ, *barwijǭ (“stretcher, bier”) (compare Low German Berwe, Old Norse barar (plural), Middle High German radebere (“wheelbarrow”)), from *beraną (“to bear”). More at bear.

cog

The turmoil went on—no rest, no peace. […] It was nearly eleven o'clock now, and he strolled out again. In the little fair created by the costers' barrows the evening only seemed beginning; and the naphtha flares made one's eyes ache, the men's voices grated harshly, and the girls' faces saddened one.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter VII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

In contrast, the Westminster Gazette in 1912 was much more positive about railway staff, praising the "...army of porters hustling and bustling hither and thither with barrows groaning under the weight of bags and baggage and... the ever-patient and long-suffering guards, courteously giving information and advice to the querulous passengers... to the porter the Christmas season means a continuous round of heavy labour, extremely tiring to both nerves and temper, and this fact the public too often seem either to forget or ignore."

2022 December 14, David Turner, “The Edwardian Christmas getaway...”, in RAIL, number 972, page 35:

(British) A small vehicle used to carry a load and pulled or pushed by hand.

սայլակ

(saltworks) A wicker case in which salt is put to drain.


barrow

From Middle English *berwe, *borwe, *bergh (attested in hamberwe and berwham (“horse-collar”)), from Middle English berwen (“to protect”), from Old English beorgan (“to protect”).

A long sleeveless flannel garment for infants.


melon

pl-noun

melon m inan (diminutive melonik, related adjective melonowy)

melonik (diminutive)
melonowy (adjective)
melon (nominative singular)
melony (nominative plural)
melona (genitive singular)
melonów (genitive plural)
melonowi (dative singular)
melonom (dative plural)
melon (accusative singular)
melony (accusative plural)
melonem (instrumental singular)
melonami (instrumental plural)
melonie (locative singular)
melonach (locative plural)
melonie (singular vocative)
melony (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin mēlōnis.

lbor

(cetology) melon (mass of adipose tissue found in the forehead of all toothed whales, used to focus and modulate vocalizations)


linen

en-noun

linen (countable and uncountable, plural linens)

From Middle English lynnen, lynen, from Old English līnen (“linen", "made of flax”), from Proto-West Germanic *līnīn (“made of flax”), from Proto-Germanic *līną (“flax”), from Proto-Indo-European *līno- (“flax”), equivalent to line + -en. Cognate with Latin līnum (“flax”) and thus also Linum. More at line.

inh

She put the freshly cleaned linens into the linen closet.

But then I had the [massive] flintlock by me for protection. ¶[…]The linen-press and a chest on the top of it formed, however, a very good gun-carriage; and, thus mounted, aim could be taken out of the window at the old mare feeding in the meadow below by the brook,[…].

1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter 1, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC:

(countable) Domestic textiles, such as tablecloths, bedding, towels, underclothes, etc., that are made of linen or linen-like fabrics of cotton or other fibers; linens.


papa

papa (canonical)
papá (canonical)
ᜉᜉ (Baybayin)

Each pronunciation has a different source:
* /paˈpa/ from Spanish papá, adapted from French papa
* /papa/ from Hokkien 爸爸 (pâ-pâ)
* /ˈpapa/ from English papa / poppa


papa

Apis mellifera
Apis mellifera#Translingual

bee (Apis mellifera) that collects honey


papa

name of the Baybayin letter ᜉ (pa), corresponding to "pa"


heater

→ Japanese: ヒーター (hītā)

(horse racing) A dead heat; a race in which two or more competitors reach the finish line simultaneously.


da

dā (canonical feminine)
dā (nominative singular)
dān (nominative plural)
dān (accusative singular)
dān (accusative plural)
dān (genitive singular)
dāna (genitive plural)
dān (dative singular)
dām (dative plural)
dāum (dative plural)

Middle English: da, do, doo

Scots: da, dae

English: doe

From Proto-West Germanic *daijā, from Proto-Germanic *dajjǭ.


pale

pale (nominative singular)
palkeet (nominative plural)
palkeen (genitive singular)
palkein (genitive plural)
paletta (partitive singular)
palkeita (partitive plural)
palkeesse (illative singular)
palkeisse (illative plural)
palkees (inessive singular)
palkeis (inessive plural)
palkeest (elative singular)
palkeist (elative plural)
palkeelle (allative singular)
palkeille (allative plural)
palkeel (adessive singular)
palkeil (adessive plural)
palkeelt (ablative singular)
palkeilt (ablative plural)
palkeeks (singular translative)
palkeiks (plural translative)
palkeenna (essive singular)
palkeen (essive singular)
palkeinna (essive plural)
palkein (essive plural)
palkeent (exessive singular)
palkeint (exessive plural)

From Proto-Finnic *palgëh. Cognates include Finnish palje and Estonian pale.

padding at the bottom of a horse's stirrup


paw

pawica (feminine)
paw (nominative singular)
pawie (nominative plural)
pawia (genitive singular)
pawi (genitive plural)
pawiowi (dative singular)
pawiom (dative plural)
pawia (accusative singular)
pawie (accusative plural)
pawiem (instrumental singular)
pawiami (instrumental plural)
pawiu (locative singular)
pawiach (locative plural)
pawiu (singular vocative)
pawie (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle High German phāwe, from Latin pāvō.


mane

(Northern) Alternative form of monen (“to lament”)


jackass

en-noun

jackass (countable and uncountable, plural jackasses)


jenny-ass

c. 1849, G. Herbert Rodwell, Old London Bridge, London: Henry Lea, Chapter 15, p. 158,
[…] this little donkey could not be trusted in the road, for it was always getting under the wheels, because it would not let its mother, a fine fat old jenny ass in the shafts, alone.

But a man who holds so tightly to what he calls his rights over what he calls his debts will hold tightly also to what he calls his rights over her whom he calls his wife. No sir smile neighbour shall covet his ox or his wife or his manservant or his maidservant or his jackass. / —Or his jennyass, Buck Mulligan antiphoned.

1922 February, James Joyce, Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:

[…] old rope is for tethering your jennyass […]

1993, Anthony Burgess, A Dead Man in Deptford, London: Hutchinson, Part One:


jenny

Partially from generic use of the female given name Jenny (cf. Jane) and partially from informal pronunciations of engine.

A female creature of certain kinds:
(Australia) a female crab.

A female creature of certain kinds:
a female crab.


she-ass

From Middle English she asse; equivalent to she- + ass.


she-bear

From Middle English sche bere; equivalent to she- + bear.

Elisha [...] was able to call upon two she-bears to come and eat up the children who had treated him irreverently[.]

1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 52:

two she-bears came out of the woods and tore forty-two of the boys.

2001, Bible Old Testament 2 Kings 2:24 (English Standard Version)

A female bear (as opposed to a he-bear, male bear).


tobacco

tobacco (countable and uncountable, plural tobaccos or tobaccoes)

→ Irish: tobaca

→ Scottish Gaelic: tombaca

→ Welsh: tybaco

Attested since 1588, borrowed from Spanish tabaco. The Spanish word could be from Arabic طُبَّاق (ṭubbāq, “Dittrichia viscosa”) or from a Caribbean language such as Kari'na or Taíno or multiple of them, from a word meaning "roll of tobacco leaves" or "a pipe for smoking tobacco," such as tabago (“tube for inhaling smoke or powdered intoxicating plants”).

der

(uncountable) Any plant of the genus Nicotiana.

Tobacco-settlement bonds are a tribute both to the inventiveness of bankers and the childlike impatience of politicians.

2013 September 7, “Unlucky strike”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8852:

Nicotiana tabacum
Nicotiana tabacum#Translingual

(uncountable) Leaves of Nicotiana tabacum and some other species cultivated and harvested to make cigarettes, cigars, snuff, for smoking in pipes or for chewing.

tabak

leaves of certain varieties of tobacco plant


porcine

en-adj

porcine (comparative more porcine, superlative most porcine)

more porcine (comparative)
most porcine (superlative)

From Middle English porcine, partly from Middle French porcin (from Old French [Term?]) and partly from its etymon, Latin porcīnus, from porcus (“pig”).

porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome

(derogatory) Overweight to the extent of resembling a pig; morbidly obese.


Kuh

Kuh (genitive)
Kühe (plural)
Kuh (nominative singular)
Kühe (definite nominative plural)
Kuh (genitive singular)
Kühe (definite genitive plural)
Kuh (dative singular)
Kühen (dative definite plural)
Kuh (accusative singular)
Kühe (accusative definite plural)

From Middle High German kuo, from Old High German kuo, from Proto-West Germanic *kō, from Proto-Germanic *kōz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws.

etymon

cow (female bovine animal at or near adulthood)


Kuh

From Central Franconian Kuh, from Middle High German kuo, from Old High German kuo, from Proto-West Germanic *kō, from Proto-Germanic *kōz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws.


mange

en-noun

mange (usually uncountable, plural manges)

From Middle English manjewe, manjeue, from Old French manjue, derived from mangier (“to eat”) (modern French manger (“to eat”)), from Latin manducare.

Coordinate term: (in humans) scabies

Not yet come! [the] worrying of wolves, biting of mad dogs, the manges, and the—

1621, William Rowley, Thomas Dekker, John Ford, The Witch of Edmonton:

(veterinary medicine) A skin disease of nonhuman mammals caused by parasitic mites (Sarcoptes spp., Demodecidae spp.).


tod

From Middle English tod, of unknown origin. Possibly influenced by Etymology 2, due to its bushy tail.

unk

unknown


muggle

en-noun

muggle (countable and uncountable, plural muggles)

Origin unknown; first known to have come into use in New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A., in the mid-1920s.

But there was a drug in New Orleans, although it took me over nine months to find out anything about it—a drug of a very different and insidious kind! [...] It looked like chopped hay, or dried clover, and was rolled up in a double brown cigarette paper. In short, a "muggles", "weed", or "mootie", cannabis indica, Indian hemp, or, to give it its Mexican name, marijuana, which translated into English just means Mary Jane!

1933, Cecil de Lenoir, “Way down South”, in The Hundredth Man: Confessions of a Drug Addict, London: Jarrolds […], →OCLC, page 220:

The boy said he had been in the habit of smoking something which youthful friends called "muggles," a childish name for marihuana.

1963, Howard S[aul] Becker, Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance, New York, N.Y.: Free Press of Glencoe; London: Collier-Macmillan, →OCLC, page 142:

While marijuana was still legal in New York, businessmen wanted to package Mezz [Mezzrow]'s muggle and turn it into a high-powered criminal enterprise. While tempted, Mezz rejected those efforts, as well.

2007, Ron Chepesiuk, “The White Mayor”, in Gangsters of Harlem: The Gritty Underworld of New York’s Most Famous Neighborhood, Fort Lee, N.J.: Barricade Books, →ISBN, page 62:

(uncountable, chiefly in the plural) Marijuana.


est

ovd-decl-blank-full

est

est (indefinite nominative singular)
estn (definite nominative singular)
ester (indefinite nominative plural)
estär (definite nominative plural)
est (accusative indefinite singular)
estn (accusative definite singular)
esta (accusative indefinite plural)
estą (accusative definite plural)
este (dative indefinite singular)
estem (dative definite singular)
estum (dative indefinite plural)
estum (dative definite plural)
estume (dative definite plural)
estemes (definite genitive singular)
estumes (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse hestr, from Proto-Germanic *hanhistaz, an alternative form of *hangistaz. Compare Danish hest.


lore

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

lure (some accents with the horse–hoarse merger)

He’s sticky and encrusted on one side below his beak and amongst the lores around his eyes by the pips and juices he has dined upon, the pith and pulp of feeding.

2022, Jim Crace, eden, Picador, page 40:

(anatomy) The region between the eyes and nostrils of birds, reptiles, and amphibians.


horsepower

en-noun

horsepower (countable and uncountable, plural horsepowers or horsepower)

horsepowers (plural)
horsepower (plural)

/ˈhɔɹsˌpaʊɚ/

/ˈhɔːsˌpaʊə/

From horse + power: the unit was originally defined as the amount of power that a horse could provide.
Both non-metric and metric units of power were derived from effectively identical measurements of the power a draught horse could sustain over several hours, with the difference in watts solely due to different rounding errors to express that power in round numbers in the original non-SI units (ft·lbf/min and kgf⋅m/s respectively).

In the past, before the widespread adoption of SI units, the work that engines were capable of doing was compared with the work that horses could do – hence the term ‘horsepower’. Various people came up with various equivalencies, but the modern agreed definition is that 1 horsepower is 746 joules per second or 746 watts.

2012 March 22nd, David Blockley, Engineering: A Very Short Introduction (309), Oxford University Press, chapter 2: “The age of gravity – time for work”, page 20

mechanical horsepower
mechanical horsepower

A nonmetric unit of power (symbol hp) with various definitions, for different applications. The most common of them is probably the mechanical horsepower, approximately equal to 745.7 watts.


horseshoe

/ˈhɔːɹs.ʃuː/

From Middle English horsscho, horssho, horscho, hors schoo, equivalent to horse + shoe.

almost only counts in horseshoes and hand grenades

close only counts in horseshoes and darts

close only counts in horseshoes and hand grenades

(Midland US) An open-faced sandwich originating from Springfield, Illinois, consisting of thick-sliced toasted bread, often Texas toast, a hamburger patty, French fries, and a cheese sauce.


horse race

An exciting and arduous competition (as in a political campaign).

kilpajuoksu

an exciting and arduous competition (as in a political campaign)


horse racing

A sport where horses and their jockeys compete to race around a track the fastest.

跑馬 /跑马

a sport where horses and their jockeys compete to be fastest


duckling

From Middle English dokeling, dukling, dookelynge (“duckling”), equivalent to duck + -ling.

Good night, darling; take that kiss to your respected mother, and tell her with my compliments that we can’t afford to make ducks and drakes of the romance of our little pet’s life: she will hatch those birds for herself in due time, and remain cluck-clucking, wisely, but sadly, like a perplexed old hen, when her ducklings and drakelings have unexpectedly taken the water.

1858, “Edith Clarel: A Story from Three Points of View”, in The Money Bag: Literature, Politics, Finance, volume I, number 4, London: Daniel F. Oakey, […], page 232:

Referring to Table 1 it will be seen that if a breeding duck produces 40 marketable progeny each year (and in practice this should be achieved) half of which are ducklings and the other half drakelings, and these birds realise 2s. per lb. live weight, then that breeding duck would return approximately £15 10s. over feeding costs for the 12 months.

1951, Supplement to the Journal of the Department of Agriculture of Western Australia, volume 28, page 216:

Muscovy ducks with ducklings. This is the most popular breed for table purposes. They make weights of up to 5 lb. for ducklings at 13 to 14 weeks, and up to 9 lb. for drakelings at 16 weeks when correctly handled.

1961, Allan A[rthur] McArdle, Poultry Management and Production (Agricultural and Livestock Series), Sydney, N.S.W.: Angus and Robertson, page 563:


drake

From Middle English drake (“male duck, drake”), from Old English *draca, abbreviated form for Old English *andraca (“male duck, drake”, literally “duck-king”), from Proto-West Germanic *anadrekō (“duck leader”). Cognate with Low German drake (“drake”), Dutch draak (“drake”), German Enterich (“drake”). More at annet.


drake

English: drake

Scots: drake

Inherited from Old English draca, aphetic form of *andraca, from Proto-West Germanic *anadrekō; compare ende (“duck”).


drake

English: drake

Inherited from Old English draca, from Proto-West Germanic *drakō, from Latin dracō, from Ancient Greek δράκων (drákōn). Doublet of dragoun.


vixen

Alteration of earlier fixen, from Middle English fixen, from Old English fyxe, from Proto-West Germanic *fuhsini, from Proto-Germanic *fuhsinī; the voiced v- comes from the Southern dialectal forms of Middle English. Alternatively, from the Old English adjective fyxen (“of the fox”), as in the phrase fixen hȳd (“fox skin”; compare Middle English foxen fox).


ros

nl-noun

ros n (plural rossen, diminutive rosje n)

rossen (plural)
rosje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: ros

desc

⇒ Dutch: rossen (“to groom (a horse)”, verb)

→ West Frisian: rosse (verb)

From Middle Dutch ros, from Old Dutch ros, hors, from Proto-West Germanic *hross, from Proto-Germanic *hrussą (“horse”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- (“to run”). Doublet of kar.


ros

nl-adj

ros (comparative rosser, superlative meest ros or rost)

rosser (comparative)
meest ros (superlative)
rost (superlative)
ros (adverbial positive predicative)
rosser (adverbial comparative predicative)
het rost (adverbial predicative superlative)
het roste (adverbial predicative superlative)
rosse (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
rossere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
roste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
ros (indefinite neuter positive singular)
rosser (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
roste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
rosse (indefinite plural positive)
rossere (comparative indefinite plural)
roste (indefinite plural superlative)
rosse (definite positive)
rossere (comparative definite)
roste (definite superlative)
ros (partitive positive)
rossers (comparative partitive)