book

Sranan Tongo: buku

Tok Pisin: buk
→ Rotokas: vuku

→ Chichewa: buku

→ Hawaiian: puke

→ Lingala: búku

→ Malagasy: boky

→ Maori: pukapuka (with reduplication)

→ Marshallese: bok

→ Motu: buka

→ Malagasy: boky

→ Shona: bhuku

→ Somali: buugga

i

possibly also from Afrikaans <i class="Latn mention" lang="af">boek</i>

→ Sotho: buka (possibly also from Afrikaans boek)

→ Zulu: ibhuku (possibly also from Afrikaans boek)

From Middle English bok, book, from Old English bōc, from Proto-West Germanic *bōk, from Proto-Germanic *bōks. Eclipsed non-native Middle English livret, lyveret (“book, booklet”) from Old French livret (“book, booklet”). Bookmaker sense by clipping.

some speakers from Northern England and Ireland

buck (without the foot-strut split, when pronounced /bʊk/)

have more chins than a Chinese phone book

why buy a book when you can join a library

why buy a book when you can join the library

(horse racing) The list of mares that a stallion will breed in a given season.

(horse racing) A list of the races that a jockey is scheduled to ride in.


chien

fr-adj

chien (feminine chienne, masculine plural chiens, feminine plural chiennes)

chienne (feminine)
chiens (masculine plural)
chiennes (feminine plural)

Haitian Creole: chyen

Inherited from Middle French chien, from Old French chien, from Latin canis, canem (“dog”).

chien hargneux a toujours l’oreille déchirée


pies

pl-noun

pies m animal (diminutive piesek, augmentative psisko, related adjective psi)

piesek (diminutive)
psisko (augmentative)
psi (adjective)
pies (nominative singular)
psy (nominative plural)
psa (genitive singular)
psów (genitive plural)
psu (dative singular)
psom (dative plural)
psa (accusative singular)
psy (accusative plural)
psem (instrumental singular)
psami (instrumental plural)
psie (locative singular)
psach (locative plural)
psie (singular vocative)
psy (plural vocative)


march

meirch (plural)
caseg (feminine)
march
farch (soft)

From Middle Welsh march, from Proto-Brythonic *marx, from Proto-Celtic *markos.


head

en-noun

head (countable and uncountable, plural heads or head)

→ Japanese: ヘッド (heddo)

Sranan Tongo: ede

Aukan: ede

Saramaccan: hédi

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *kap-
Proto-Indo-European *káput-
Proto-Germanic *haubudą
Old English hēafod
Middle English heed
English head
From Middle English hed, heed, heved, heaved, from Old English hēafd-, hēafod (“head; top; source, origin; chief, leader; capital”), from Proto-West Germanic *haubud, from Proto-Germanic *haubudą (“head”), from Proto-Indo-European *káput. The modern word comes from Old English oblique stem hēafd-, the expected Modern English outcome for hēafod would be *heaved (similar to the Middle English word). Doublet of cape, capo, caput, chef, chief, and Howth.
Cognate with Scots heid, hede, hevid, heved (“head”), Old English hafola (“head”), North Frisian hood (“head”), Dutch hoofd (“head”), German Haupt (“head”), Swedish huvud (“head”), Danish hoved (“head”), Icelandic höfuð (“head”), Latin caput (“head”), Sanskrit कपाल (kapāla, “skull”), Hindi कपाल (kapāl, “skull”).

頭

つぶり, tsuburi, つぃぶる, tsiburu, つぃぶるぃ, tsiburi

pää

principal operative part of a machine or tool

have one's head screwed on the right way

know one's head from a hole in the ground

run around like a chicken with its head cut off

would lose one's head if it wasn't attached

would lose one's head if it wasn't bolted on

would lose one's head if it wasn't glued on

would lose one's head if it wasn't screwed on

would lose one's head if it wasn't stuck on

would lose one's head if it wasn't tied on

would lose one's head if it weren't attached

you can't put an old head on young shoulders

you can't put a wise head on young shoulders

My lord, my lord, the French have gathered head:

1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv], page 100:


abattoir

desctree

→ Dutch: abattoir
→ Caribbean Hindustani: batwár
→ Indonesian: abatoar
→ Papiamentu: abatuar
→ Sranan Tongo: abatwar

→ English: abattoir

→ Moore: batoaare

→ Norwegian Bokmål: abattoir

From abattre (“to slaughter, butcher”) + -oir (suffix).

af

Cet abattoir est vaste et bien aéré.

This slaughterhouse is large and well-ventilated.

abattoir, slaughterhouse (place where animals are slaughtered)

aller à l’abattoir

envoyer à l’abattoir

(figuratively) abattoir, slaughterhouse (place or event likened to a slaughterhouse, because of great carnage or bloodshed)


abdomen

abdomen (nominative singular)
abdomeny (nominative plural)
abdomenu (genitive singular)
abdomenów (genitive plural)
abdomenowi (dative singular)
abdomenom (dative plural)
abdomen (accusative singular)
abdomeny (accusative plural)
abdomenem (instrumental singular)
abdomenami (instrumental plural)
abdomenie (locative singular)
abdomenach (locative plural)
abdomenie (singular vocative)
abdomeny (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin abdōmen. First attested in 1791.

ref

Pierre-François Nicolas (1791) Dykcyonarz Powszechny Medyki, Chirurgii, i Sztuki Hodowania Bydląt Czyli Lekarz Wieyski Zawieraiący Rozciągłe wiadomości wszystkich części sztuki Lekarskiey ... Dzieło pożyteczne wszystkim klassom Obywatelow i do ich poiętności przystosowane przez Towarzystwo Lekarzow Francuzkich. T. 6, page 33


abligate

en-verb

abligate (third-person singular simple present abligates, present participle abligating, simple past and past participle abligated)

abligates (present singular third-person)
abligating (participle present)
abligated (participle past)
abligated (past)

From Latin ab- + ligātus, perfect passive participle of ligāre (“to tie”).

In order to simulate small intestinal conditions in the cecal pouches, the distal end of a cecal pouch of fourteen chickens, three to four months old, was surgically united to the small intestine and the intestine abligated just posterior to the union […]

1936 April, C. A. Herrick, “Organ Specificity of the Parasite Eimeria tenella”, in Journal of Parasitology, volume 22, number 2, page 226:

(obsolete outside veterinary medicine) To tie up, especially a body part.


abomasum

From New Latin abomāsum, from ab- (“away from”) + omāsum (“tripe of a bullock”).

melkpens

fourth or digestive stomach of a ruminant

(biology, food) The fourth digestive compartment of the stomach of a cow or other ruminant, after the omasum;

The fourth digestive compartment of the stomach of a cow or other ruminant, after the omasum;
the lining of said compartment, considered as a foodstuff.


abomasum

Learned borrowing from New Latin abomāsum

lbor

abomasum (the fourth or digestive stomach of a ruminant)


abomasum

la-noun

abomāsum n (genitive abomāsī); second declension

abomāsum (canonical neuter)
abomāsī (genitive)
abomāsum (nominative singular)
abomāsa (nominative plural)
abomāsī (genitive singular)
abomāsōrum (genitive plural)
abomāsō (dative singular)
abomāsīs (dative plural)
abomāsum (accusative singular)
abomāsa (accusative plural)
abomāsō (ablative singular)
abomāsīs (ablative plural)
abomāsum (singular vocative)
abomāsa (plural vocative)

→ English: abomasum

→ Indonesian: abomasum

→ Italian: abomaso

→ Malay: abomasum

→ Portuguese: abomaso

→ Spanish: abomaso

[äbɔˈmäːs̠ʊ̃ˑ]

ab- (“away from”) + omāsum (“tripe of a bullock”).


abomasum

ms-noun

abomasum (Jawi spelling ابوماسوم, plural abomasum-abomasum, informal 1st possessive abomasumku, 2nd possessive abomasummu, 3rd possessive abomasumnya)

ابوماسوم (Jawi)
abomasum-abomasum (plural)
abomasumku (first-person informal possessive)
abomasummu (possessive second-person)
abomasumnya (possessive third-person)

From New Latin abomāsum, from Latin ab- (“away from”) + omāsum (“tripe of a bullock”).

abomasum (fourth or digestive stomach of a ruminant)


馬

chữ Hán form of mã (“(xiangqi, chess) a knight; any piece labeled with 馬 (black)”).


on

From Proto-Celtic *ognos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂egʷnós (“lamb”).


acceptance

en-noun

acceptance (countable and uncountable, plural acceptances)

* First attested in 1574. From Middle French acceptance, from Old French accepter (“accept”). Equivalent to accept + -ance.

(horse racing, Australia, New Zealand, plural only) A list of horses accepted as starters in a race.


spring

en-verb

spring (third-person singular simple present springs, present participle springing, simple past sprang or sprung, past participle sprung)

springs (present singular third-person)
springing (participle present)
sprang (past)
sprung (past)
sprung (participle past)
spring (infinitive)

From Middle English springen, from Old English springan (“to spring, leap, bounce, sprout forth, emerge, spread out”), from Proto-West Germanic *springan, from Proto-Germanic *springaną (“to burst forth”), from Proto-Indo-European *spre(n)ǵʰ- (“to move, race, spring”), from *sper- (“to jerk, twitch, snap, shove”).
Cognates
* Saterland Frisian springe
* West Frisian springe
* Dutch springen
* German Low German springen
* German springen
* Danish springe
* Swedish springa
* Norwegian springe
* Faroese springa
* Icelandic springa (“to burst, explode”).
Other possible cognates include Lithuanian spreñgti (“to push (in)”), Old Church Slavonic прѧсти (pręsti, “to spin, to stretch”), Latin spargere (“to sprinkle, to scatter”), Ancient Greek σπέρχω (spérkhō, “to hasten”), Sanskrit स्पृहयति (spṛháyati, “to be eager”). Some newer senses derived from the noun.

cog

Deer spring with their hind legs, using their front hooves to steady themselves.

...into helle spring...

c. 1250, Life of St Margaret, Trin. Col. MS B.14.39 (323), f. 22v

Ye kynge... sprange out of his chare and resseyuyd them worshipfully.

1474, William Caxton, transl., Game and Playe of the Chesse, iii, vii, 141:

...the Mountain Stag, that springs
From Height to Height, and bounds along the Plains,
Nor has a Master to restrain his Course...

...out on the lawn there arose such a clatter,
I sprang from my bed to see what was the matter.

1827, Clement Clarke Moore, (A Visit from St. Nicholas):

However, with the dainty volume my quondam friend sprang into fame. At the same time he cast off the chrysalis of a commonplace existence.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter I, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

Thus she advanced; her belly low, almost touching the surface of the ground—a great cat preparing to spring upon its prey.

1912, Edgar Rice Burroughs, chapter 5, in Tarzan of the Apes:

Reporters sprang to the conclusion that the speech would make detailed new commitments...

(figurative, usually with cardinal adverbs) To move with great speed and energy.

To move or burst forth.
To move with great speed and energy.


spring

en-noun

spring (countable and uncountable, plural springs)

Arlington Springs Man
Beijing Spring
Berber Spring
ColdSpring
Croatian Spring
Damascus Spring
Operation Spring Awakening
Operation Spring Cleanup
Operation Spring of Youth
Prague Spring
Spring Palace
Spring of Nations
Springbal
Springfest
The Spring Offensive
spring

From Middle English spryng (“a wellspring, tide, branch, sunrise, kind of dance or blow, ulcer, snare, flock”); partly from Old English spring (“wellspring, ulcer”), from Proto-West Germanic *spring, from Proto-Germanic *springaz (“a wellspring, fount”); and partly from Old English spryng (“a jump”), from Proto-West Germanic *sprungi, from Proto-Germanic *sprungiz (“a jump”). Further senses derived from the verb and from clippings of day-spring, springtime, spring tide, etc. Its sense as the season, first attested in a work predating 1325, gradually replaced Middle English lente, lentin, from Old English lencten (“spring, Lent”) as that word became more specifically liturgical. Compare fall.

ааԥын

season between winter and summer in temperate climates

Heav'ns what a spring was in his Arm, to throw:
How high he held his Shield, and rose at ev'ry blow!

1697, John Dryden, Virgil's Aeneis, Bk. xi, ll. 437–8

Mrs Durbeyfield, excited by her song, trod the rocker with all the spring that was left in her after a long day's seething in the suds.

1891, Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d'Urbervilles, volume 1, London: James R. Osgood, McIlvaine and Co., page 30:

(uncountable) Springiness: an attribute or quality of springing, springing up, or springing back, particularly


Polish

Vinokur pulled the trigger a second and third time. "You're lying, you Polish cunt!" he screamed.

2007, Elazar Barkan, Elizabeth A. Cole, Kai Struve, Shared History, Divided Memory, page 287:

As we mentioned the only chemical used in Polish meats or sausages was potassium nitrate even though the list of food additives allowed in Europe was long and impressive.

2009, Stanley Marianski, Adam Marianski, Miroslaw Gebarowski, Polish Sausages: Authentic Recipes and Instructions, page 13:

Of, from or native to Poland, or relating to the Polish language.

pollanda

relating to inhabitants of Poland; citizens

პოლონური

relating to everything except the people


can

oc-noun

can m (plural cans, feminine canha, feminine plural canhas)

cans (plural)
canha (feminine)
canhas (feminine plural)

From Old Occitan [Term?], from Latin canis, canem.


quarter

en-noun

quarter (countable and uncountable, plural quarters)

From Middle English quarter, from Anglo-Norman quarter, from Latin quartarius, from quartus. Compare Spanish cuarto (“room, quarters; quarter”). Doublet of quartier.

cog

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-quarter.wav

çerek

one of four equal parts — see also one-fourth

[A]t last she kicked right over the carriage pole and fell down, after giving me a severe blow on my near quarter.

[1877], Anna Sewell, “A Strike for Liberty”, in Black Beauty: […], London: Jarrold and Sons, […], →OCLC, part II, page 106:

(farriery) The part on either side of a horse's hoof between the toe and heel, the side of its coffin.

quartier

part on either side of a horse's hoof between toe and heel


grass

en-noun

grass (countable and uncountable, plural grasses)

Tok Pisin: gras, garas

Fiji Hindi: giraas

New York, New Orleans, Philadelphia, Baltimore

From Middle English gras, from Old English græs, from Proto-Germanic *grasą (“grass”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁- (“to grow”).
Cognates
Cognate with Scots girs, gers, gress (“grass”), North Frisian gäärs, geers (“grass”), Saterland Frisian Gäärs (“grass”), West Frisian gers (“grass”), Low German Gras (“grass”), Dutch gras (“grass, turf, pasture”), German Gras (“grass, weed”), Danish græs (“grass”), Swedish gräs (“grass”), Norwegian Bokmål gress (“grass”), Faroese, Icelandic and Norwegian Nynorsk gras (“grass”), Latin herba (“plant, weed, grass”), Albanian grath (“grass blade, spike”). Related to grow, green.
The "informer" sense is probably a shortening of grasshopper (“police officer, informant”), rhyming slang for copper (“police officer”) or shopper (“informant”); the exact sequence of derivation is unclear.

inh

the grass is always greener on the other side of the fence

the grass is always greener on the other side of the road

Thou turnest man to destruction: and sayest, Returne yee children of men. / For a thousand yeeres in thy sight are but as yesterday when it is past: and as a watch in the night. / Thou carriest them away as with a flood, they are as a sleepe: in the morning they are like grasse which groweth vp. / In the morning it flourisheth, and groweth vp: in the euening it is cut downe, and withereth.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Psalms 90:3–6:

The cicale above in the lime, / And the lizards below in the grass, / Were as silent as ever old Tmolus was, / Listening to my sweet pipings.

a. 1823 (date written), Percy Bysshe Shelley, “Hymn of Pan”, in Mary W[ollstonecraft] Shelley, editor, Posthumous Poems of Percy Bysshe Shelley, London: […] [C. H. Reynell] for John and Henry L[eigh] Hunt, […], published 1824, →OCLC, page 169:

'Twas early June, the new grass was flourishing everywheres, the posies in the yard—peonies and such—in full bloom, the sun was shining, and the water of the bay was blue, with light green streaks where the shoal showed.

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

(countable, uncountable) Any plant of the family Poaceae, characterized by leaves that arise from nodes in the stem and leaf bases that wrap around the stem, especially those grown as ground cover rather than for grain.

Jojo left his home in Tucson, Arizona / For some California grass

1970, Paul McCartney (lyrics and music), “Get Back”, in Let It Be, performed by The Beatles:

(uncountable, physics) Sharp, closely spaced discontinuities in the trace of a cathode-ray tube, produced by random interference.

'Have ready a hundred of ſmall graſs boiled, then ſave tops enough to ſtick the rolls with, the reſt cut ſmall and put into the cream, fill the loaves with them.'

1769, Hannah Glasse, The Art of Cookery made Plain and Easy, 9th edition, page 195:

(countable, folk etymology) Asparagus; "sparrowgrass".


grass

en-verb

grass (third-person singular simple present grasses, present participle grassing, simple past and past participle grassed)

grasses (present singular third-person)
grassing (participle present)
grassed (participle past)
grassed (past)

The Chicken himself attributed this punishment to his having had the misfortune to get into Chancery early in the proceedings, when he was severely fibbed by the Larkey one, and heavily grassed.

1846 October 1 – 1848 April 1, Charles Dickens, Dombey and Son, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1848, →OCLC:

He flew at me with his knife, and I had to grass him twice, and got a cut over the knuckles, before I had the upper hand of him.

1893, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Naval Treaty, Norton, published 2005, page 709:

(transitive) To lay out on the grass; to knock down (an opponent etc.).

(transitive) To expose, as flax, on the grass for bleaching, etc.


beer

nl-noun

beer m (plural beren, diminutive beertje n)

beren (plural)
beertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: beer

From Middle Dutch bêer, from Old Dutch *bēr, from Proto-West Germanic *bair.

De kinderboerderij heeft een aantal zeugen en maar één beer.

The petting zoo has a number of sows and only one boar.


beer

From Middle Low German bêr, from Old Saxon bior, from Proto-West Germanic *beuʀ, from Proto-Germanic *beuzą.


beer

From Middle Dutch bere, from Old Dutch bēro, from Proto-West Germanic *bair.


beer

From Middle High German ber, from Old High German beri. Alternatively from Middle Dutch bere, from Old Dutch *beri. Both ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *baʀi, from Proto-Germanic *bazją, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂-.


beer

Dutch: beer

West Flemish: beir

From Old Dutch *bēr, from Proto-West Germanic *bair.


bit

From Middle English bitte, bite, from Old English bita (“bit; fragment; morsel”) and bite (“a bite; cut”), from Proto-Germanic *bitô and *bitiz; both from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyd- (“to split”). More at bite.
Cognates
Cognate with West Frisian bit, Saterland Frisian Bit, Dutch bit, German Low German Beet, Biet, German Biss and Bissen, Danish bid, Swedish bit, Icelandic biti.

der

I trusted to the Lord to be with me; and at one of our trips to St. Eustatia, a Dutch island, I bought a glass tumbler with my half bit, and when I came to Montserrat I sold it for a bit, or sixpence.

1789, Olaudah Equiano, chapter 6, in The Interesting Narrative, volume I:

Applied to a various small units of currency and coins.

(historical) A unit of currency and coin of the British West Indies worth six black dogs, originally equal to one-eighth of a Spanish dollar but later increasingly debased to one tenth, one eleventh, one twelfth, etc.

(historical) A unit of currency of the Dutch West Indies in the early 20th century, worth one fifth of a cent.


bit

head

bit (classifier duz, Sawndip forms 鴓 or 𱈶 or ⿰品鳥, 1957–1982 spelling bit)

duz (classifier)
鴓 (Sawndip)
𱈶 (Sawndip)
⿰品鳥 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *pitᴰ (“duck”). Cognate with Thai เป็ด (bpèt), Lao ເປັດ (pet), Lü ᦵᦔᧆ (ṗed), Tai Dam ꪹꪜꪸꪒ, Shan ပဵတ်း (páet), Ahom 𑜆𑜢𑜄𑜫 (pit), Bouyei bidt, Saek ปิ๊ด. Compare Old Chinese 鴄 (OC *pʰid).

cog

Lü ᦵᦔᧆ (ṗed)


man

Tok Pisin: man

→ Cantonese: man

→ Chinook Jargon: man

→ Korean: 맨 (maen)

→ Mandarin: man (mān)

→ Spanish: man

→ Thai: แมน (mɛɛn)

→ Volapük: man

From Middle English man, from Old English mann m (“human being, person, man”), from Proto-West Germanic *mann, from Proto-Germanic *mann- m, from Proto-Indo-European *mon- (“human being, man”). Doublet of Manu.

mang

dialectal rendering, suggesting a Spanish accent

mane

dialectal rendering, suggesting an AAVE accent

mon

used in the vocative, in places such as Jamaica and Shropshire in England

a woman needs a man like a fish needs a bicycle

a woman without a man is like a fish without a bicycle

behind every great man there stands a woman

behind every successful man there stands a woman

every man is the architect of his own fortune

give a man a fish and you feed him for a day

teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime

it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God

the best laid plans of mice and men go oft astray

the best laid plans of mice and men often go awry

The show is especially popular with middle-aged men.

The king is but a man, as I am; the violet smells to him as it doth to me.

1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:

“[…]it is not fair of you to bring against mankind double weapons ! Dangerous enough you are as woman alone, without bringing to your aid those gifts of mind suited to problems which men have been accustomed to arrogate to themselves.”

1910, Emerson Hough, chapter I, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

The evidence suggests that close relatives of early man, in lineages that later became extinct, also were able to use tools.

1990, The Almanac of Science and Technology, →ISBN, page 68:

(anthropology, archaeology, paleontology) A member of the genus Homo, especially of the species Homo sapiens.

He’s more a man than any pair of rats of you in this here house[…]

1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, “In The Enemy’s Camp”, in Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC, part VI (Captain Silver), page 234:

I had the opportunity to marry one of them but wasn't mature enough to be a man and marry her and be close to the[…]children and raise them[…].

2011, Timothy Shephard, Can We Help Us?: Growing Up Bi-Racial in America, →ISBN, page 181:

An adult male who has, to an eminent degree, qualities considered masculine, such as strength, integrity, and devotion to family; a mensch.

Stay away from my man, Sister!

When President Roosevelt goes walking in the country about Washington he is always accompanied by two Secret Service men.

1909, Harper's Weekly, volume 53, page iii:

"And they're very good people, I assure you — he's a Harvard man." It was the first time Milly had met on intimate terms a graduate of a large university.

1913, Robert Herrick, One Woman's Life, page 46:

A male who belongs to a particular group: an employee, a student or alumnus, a representative, etc.


be

sheep, ram, ewe, lamb; an individual of the species Ovis aries


be

lấy tay be miệng đấu khi đong đỗ

to surround the top of a measure with one's hands while measuring beans

Đong bình thường, không được be đâu đấy.

Measure it out normally; don't prop up the lip of the sack.

To prop up the lip of a sack while topping off the sack, to ensure a more generous quantity.


os

Afrikaans: os

Negerhollands: os

From Middle Dutch osse, from Old Dutch *osso, earlier *ohso, from Proto-Germanic *uhsô.


take

Borrowed from English turkey, named after Turkey, from Middle English Turkye, from French Turquie, Medieval Latin Turcia, from Turcus (“Turk”), from Byzantine Greek Τοῦρκος (Toûrkos), from Persian ترک (tork), from Middle Persian twlk' (Turk), from an Old Turkic autonym, Türk or Türük.


Cameroon

Fernão do Pó
Lepidophthalmus turneranus
Wouri River

Borrowed from French Cameroun, from Portuguese Rio dos Camarões (“river of prawns”), a name given to the Wouri river estuary, in 1472 by the sailors of the Portuguese explorer Fernão do Pó (a.k.a. Fernando Pó), raving about the abundance of shrimps of the species Lepidophthalmus turneranus (the Cameroon ghost shrimp) in the river; camarão itself is from Latin cammarus (“lobster”), from Ancient Greek κάμμαρος (kámmaros, “a kind of lobster or shrimp”).

der

Republic of Cameroon
w:Republic of Cameroon

A country in Central Africa. Official name: Republic of Cameroon. Capital: Yaoundé. It also claims Ambazonia.


Cameroon

A sheep of a domesticated breed from West Africa.


Cameroon

Alteration of Cameron, influenced by -oon.

He fears that in downplaying traditional Conservative causes, in changing the party to be more in tune with modern Britain, the Cameroons have in effect accepted that they won't change the country much in office.

2007 March 21, Andy Beckett, “The Cameroons”, in The Guardian:

Today, I spy a coalition outrider: Nick Boles, MP for Grantham, founder of Policy Exchange and the archetypal Cameroon ultra-modernizer. I don’t think Boles even owned a tie until he was elected to the House of Commons. That’s how much of a Cameroon the man is.

2010 September 13, Iain Martin, “Nick Boles: The Coalition’s Cameroon Outrider”, in Wall Street Journal:

Maude was a moderniser before modernity dawned in the Tory ranks, a Cameroon before David Cameron.

2012 March 30, James Chapman, “Gorgeous George and why Ed Miliband must now pray Ken Livingstone wins London”, in Daily Mail:

Mr Cameron won significantly smaller vote shares than either Theresa May or Boris Johnson. There are not many Cameroons in Britain. Outside some newspaper op-ed pages, there never were.

2023 November 13, Bagehot, “What David Cameron's return says about British politics”, in Economist:

(UK politics) A Conservative Party member with green or social liberal leanings, supporting the policies of David Cameron.


love

From Latin lupa, feminine of lupus. Compare Venetan lova, French louve.


vi

Inherited from Old Catalan vi~vin, from Latin vīnum, from Proto-Italic *wīnom, from Proto-Indo-European *wóyh₁nom.


turkey

en-noun

turkey (plural turkeys or (obsolete) turkies)

turkeys (plural)
turkies (obsolete plural)

Clipping of turkey-cock and turkey-hen (“(originally) the guinea fowl (family Numididae)”), which was imported to Europe by Turkey merchants through Turkey. The word was then applied to the larger northern American bird Meleagris gallopavo which was brought to Spain by conquistadors in 1523. This transfer of the name may have occurred because the two birds were considered similar to each other, or because the North American turkey was in part introduced through Ottoman territories, or simply to indicate that it was foreign.

like turkeys voting for an early Christmas

It was a Turkey! He never could have stood upon his legs, that bird. He would have snapped 'em short off in a minute, like sticks of sealing-wax.

1843 December 19, Charles Dickens, “Stave Five. The End of It.”, in A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, page 157:

Meleagris gallopavo
Meleagris gallopavo#Translingual

(countable) A bird in the genus Meleagris with a fan-shaped tail and wattled neck, especially the wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo, now domesticated).

ཏུར་ཀིའི་བྱ་དེ (tur ki'i bya de, literally “turkish chicken”)

ཏུར་ཀིའི་ཁྱིམ་བྱ (tur ki'i khyim bya, literally “turkish fowl”)


leg up

en-verb

leg up (third-person singular simple present legs up, present participle legging up, simple past and past participle legged up)

legs up (present singular third-person)
legging up (participle present)
legged up (participle past)
legged up (past)

(transitive, equestrianism) To walk a horse on a hard surface regularly.


cow

en-noun

cow (countable and uncountable, plural cows or cattle or (archaic or dialectal) kine)

cows (plural)
cattle (plural)
kine (archaic dialectal plural)

bull

antonym(s) of “female domesticated ox or other bovine”

Sranan Tongo: kaw

Tok Pisin: kau

q

from <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">cows</i>

→ Abenaki: kaoz (from cows)

→ Maori: kau

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws
Proto-Germanic *kōz
Proto-West Germanic *kō
Old English cū
Middle English cou
English cow
Inherited from Middle English cou, cu, from Old English cū (“cow”), from Proto-West Germanic *kō, from Proto-Germanic *kōz (“cow”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cow”).
Cognate with Sanskrit गौ (gow), Ancient Greek βοῦς (boûs), Persian گاو (gâv)), Latvian govs (“cow”), Proto-Slavic *govędo (Serbo-Croatian govedo, Russian говядина (govjadina, “beef”), Scots coo (“cow”), North Frisian ko, kø (“cow”), West Frisian ko (“cow”), Dutch koe (“cow”), Low German Koh, Koo, Kau (“cow”), German Kuh (“cow”), Swedish ko (“cow”), Norwegian ku (“cow”), Icelandic kýr (“cow”), Latin bōs (“ox, bull, cow”), Armenian կով (kov, “cow”). Doublet of beef.
The plural kine is from Middle English kyne, kyn, kuin, kiin, kien (“cows”), either a double plural of Middle English ky, kye (“cows”), equivalent to modern kye + -en, or inherited from Old English cȳna (“cows', of cows”), genitive plural of cū (“cow”).

etymon

the cow knows not the worth of its tail till it loses it

why buy the cow when you can get the milk for free

The whole herd is out to pasture right now — the cows, calves, and heifers are out back, and the bulls are down by the creek.

(strictly) An adult female of the species Bos taurus, especially one that has calved.

en:female of any of various mammalian species

(biology) A female member of other large species of mammal, including the bovines, moose, whales, seals, hippos, rhinos, manatees, and elephants.

kýr

of bovines, manatees, whales; also of reindeer and elk/moose

noozhez

of moose, mare, deer, elk, carabou, hind

Colonel Red Reeder, West Point Second Classman
An assistant manager, wearing the stripes of a cadet corporal, walked up to Coach Smith. Clint knew him, a Cow from B-l. What had he done to become so outstanding that the Tacs made him a corporal?

When I was a cow (junior) at West Point, I dated a plebe (freshman), which is considered fraternization in the cadet realm.

2023, James E Parco, David A Levy, Daphne DePorres, Attitudes Aren't Free: A Call to Action, page 242:

(US, military, slang) A third-year cadet at West Point.


dar

nl-noun

dar m (plural darren, diminutive darretje n)

darren (plural)
darretje (diminutive neuter)

Inherited from Middle Dutch darne, by metathesis from dorne, from Old Dutch *drān, from Proto-West Germanic *drānu, from Proto-Germanic *drēnuz.

drone (non-working male bee, ant or wasp)


tigre

fro-noun

tigre oblique singular, m (oblique plural tigres, nominative singular tigres, nominative plural tigre)

tigre oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
tigres (oblique plural)
tigres (nominative singular)
tigre (nominative plural)


tigre

tigre oblique singular, f (oblique plural tigres, nominative singular tigre, nominative plural tigres)

tigre oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
tigres (oblique plural)
tigre (nominative singular)
tigres (nominative plural)


mental

c. 1727, from Latin mentum (“the chin”) + -al.

Audio (US)

(zootomy) A plate or scale covering the mentum or chin of a fish or reptile.


black

en-adj

black (comparative blacker or more black, superlative blackest or most black)

blacker (comparative)
more black (comparative)
blackest (superlative)
most black (superlative)

Bislama: blak

Sranan Tongo: blaka

Aukan: baaka

→ Caribbean Hindustani: blaaka

Tok Pisin: blak

Torres Strait Creole: blaik

→ Dutch: black

→ French: black

→ Greek: μπλάκης (blákis)

From Middle English blak, black, blake, from Old English blæc (“black, dark", also "ink”), from Proto-West Germanic *blak, from Proto-Germanic *blakaz (“burnt”) (compare Dutch blaken (“to burn”), Low German blak, black (“blackness, black paint, (black) ink”), Old High German blah (“black”)), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleg- (“to burn, shine”) (compare Latin flagrāre (“to burn”), Ancient Greek φλόξ (phlóx, “flame”), Sanskrit भर्ग (bharga, “radiance”)).
Sense 20 is a semantic loan from Cantonese 黑面 (hak1 min6, “to pull a long face, to scowl”).

sort

of coffee or tea, without milk or other whitener

After the election, the parties united in a black-yellow alliance.

(German politics) Related to the Christian Democratic Union of Germany.

زِنْجِيّ

relating to people with dark skin — see also dark-skinned
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musta

politics: related to the Christian Democratic Union of Germany


green

en-noun

green (countable and uncountable, plural greens)

→⇒ Chinese: 果嶺 /果岭 (guǒlǐng)

→ Czech: green

→ Danish: green

→ Dutch: green

→ Finnish: griini

→ German: Green

→ Marshallese: kūriin

Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *grōniz
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-ih₂
Proto-Germanic *-į̄
Proto-West Germanic *-ī
Proto-West Germanic *grōnī
Old English grēne
Middle English grene
English green
From Middle English grene, from Old English grēne, from Proto-West Germanic *grōnī, from Proto-Germanic *grōniz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁- (“to grow”). More at grow.
See also North Frisian green, West Frisian grien, Dutch groen, Low German grön, green, greun, German grün, Danish and Norwegian Nynorsk grøn, Swedish grön, Norwegian Bokmål grønn, Icelandic grænn.
The sense "obscene, pornographic, sexual" in the Philippines is from a calque of Spanish verde.

der

You're better of smoking the green instead cause it don't blim-burn and it's better for your head.

2003, “Soap Bar”, in The Manifesto, performed by Goldie Looking Chain:

They see me, hoes actin like they seen a king / With that mean lean, smokin on that finest Cali green

2005, “Drive Slow”, in Late Registration, performed by Kanye West:


white

en-adj

white (comparative whiter or more white, superlative whitest or most white)

whiter (comparative)
more white (comparative)
whitest (superlative)
most white (superlative)

Bislama: waet

Sranan Tongo: weti

Aukan: weti

Saramaccan: wéti

Tok Pisin: wait

→ Japanese: ホワイト (howaito)

white fella

⇒ Nyunga: wadjela

white gin

⇒ Gamilaraay: waatyin

⇒ Ngiyambaa: wadjiin

⇒ Wiradjuri: waajin

Inherited from Middle English whit, hwit, from Old English hwīt, from Proto-West Germanic *hwīt, from Proto-Germanic *hwītaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweydós, a byform of *ḱweytós (“bright; shine”).
Cognates
* West Frisian wyt
*Dutch wit
* German weiß
* German weiss
* Norwegian Bokmål hvit
* Norwegian Nynorsk kvit
* Lithuanian šviẽsti (“to gleam”), šviesa (“light”)
* Old Church Slavonic свѣтъ (světŭ, “light”), свѣтьлъ (světĭlŭ, “clear, bright”)
* Persian سفید (sefid, “white”), Persian سپید (sepid, “white”)
* Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀 (spaēta, “white”)
* Sanskrit श्वेत (śvetá, “white, bright”).

cog

(sometimes capitalized) By U.S. Census Bureau definition, of or relating to people hailing from Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East.


cane

Inherited from Middle French cane (“duck, female duck”, literally “loater, little boat”), from Old French cane (“boat, ship; waterbird”), from Middle Low German kane (“boat”), from Proto-Germanic *kaną (“boat, vessel”). See Proto-Germanic *kanô (“boat, vessel”). Cognate with Norwegian kane (“swan-shaped vessel”), Dutch kaan (“boat”), German Kahn (“boat”), Old Norse kæna (“little boat”), and possibly Old Norse knǫrr (“ship”) (whence also Late Latin canardus (“ship”), from Germanic; and Old English cnearr (“merchant ship”)). Related to French canot (“little boat”).


edible

From Late Latin edibilis, from Latin edō (“eat”).

A foodstuff, usually a baked good, infused with tetrahydrocannabinol from cannabutter or other marijuana.


woman

desc

Antigua and Barbuda Creole English: uman

Aukan: uman

Jamaican Creole: ooman

Krio: uman

Sranan Tongo: uma; oema (superseded)

Torres Strait Creole: oman

→ Japanese: ウーマン (ūman)

→ Korean: 우먼 (umeon)

→ Volapük: vom

From Middle English womman, wimman, wifman, from Old English wīfmann (“woman”, literally “female person”), a compound of wīf (“woman, female”, whence English wife) + mann (“person, human being”, whence English man). For details on the pronunciation and spelling history, see the usage notes below.
Cognate with Scots woman, weman (“woman”), Saterland Frisian Wieuwmoanske (“female person, female human, woman”). Similar constructions can be found in West Frisian frommes (“woman, girl”) (from frou and minske, literally "woman human").
A few alternative spellings (see below) respell the term so as not to contain man.

com

whence English <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">wife</i>

whence English <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">man</i>

cog

one hair of a woman can draw more than a hundred pair of oxen

Listen, Holly. Thou art a good and honest man, and I fain would spare thee; but, oh! it is so hard for woman to be merciful.

1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, “The Balance Turns”, in She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC, page 191:

“[…] it is not fair of you to bring against mankind double weapons ! Dangerous enough you are as woman alone, without bringing to your aid those gifts of mind suited to problems which men have been accustomed to arrogate to themselves.”

I am Woman, hear me roar / In numbers too big to ignore

1972, Helen Reddy, I Am Woman, first line:

For if modern woman is so intent on keeping her surname alive, why not demand it be passed along to her children?

1997, Bob Grant, Let's Be Heard, page 42:

Unsurprisingly, if modern man is a sort of camera, modern woman is a picture.

2011, Eileen Gray and the Design of Sapphic Modernity: Staying In, page 109:

(collective) All female humans collectively; womankind.


king

Tok Pisin: king

desc

⇒ American Sign Language: K@Shoulder K@Abdomen

→ Burmese: ကင် (kang)

→ Isubu: kinge

→ Japanese: キング (kingu)

→ Korean: 킹 (king)

→ Maori: kingi

→ Marshallese: kiin̄

→ Thai: คิง (king)

From Middle English king, kyng, from Old English cyng, cyning (“king”), from Proto-West Germanic *kuning, from Proto-Germanic *kuningaz, *kunungaz (“king”), equivalent to kin + -ing. Doublet of cyning and knez.
Cognate with Scots keeng (“king”), North Frisian köning (“king”), West Frisian kening (“king”), Dutch koning (“king”), Low German Koning, Köning (“king”), German König (“king”), Danish konge (“king”), Norwegian konge, Swedish konung, kung (“king”), Icelandic konungur, kóngur (“king”), Polish ksiądz (“priest”), Russian князь (knjazʹ, “prince”), Old Church Slavonic кънѧѕь (kŭnędzĭ), Romanian chinez, Finnish kuningas (“king”), Estonian kuningas, Ingrian kunigas, Karelian kuninkas, Livvi kuńingas, Ludian kuńingas, Veps kuningaz, Võro kuning and Votic kunikaz. Eclipsed non-native Middle English roy (“king”) (Early Modern English roy), borrowed from Old French roi, rei, rai (“king”).
The verb is inherited from Middle English kyngen, *kingen (“To perform the duties of a king”), itself from the noun king, kyng.

Audio — the king

акрал

a male of a royal family who is the supreme ruler of his nation

in the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is king

Henry VIII was the king of England from 1509 to 1547.

A male monarch; a man who heads a monarchy; in an absolute monarchy, the supreme ruler of his nation.


queen

Tok Pisin: kwin

⇒ American Sign Language: G@Shoulder-PalmDown G@Abdomen-PalmDown

→ Burmese: ကွင်း (kwang:)

→ German: Queen

→ Japanese: クイーン (kuīn), クィーン (kwīn)

→ Korean: 퀸 (kwin)

→ Marshallese: kwiin

→ Sikaiana: kuini

→ Spanish: cuina

→ Thai: ควีน (kwiin)

From Middle English quene, queen, cwen, from Old English cwēn (“queen”), from Proto-West Germanic *kwāni, from Proto-Germanic *kwēniz (“woman”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷénh₂s (“woman”).
Cognate with Scots queen, wheen (“queen”), Old Saxon quān ("wife"; > Middle Low German quene (“elderly woman”)), Dutch kween (“woman past child-bearing age”), Swedish kvinna (“woman”), Norwegian kvinne (“woman”), Danish kvinde (“woman”), Icelandic kvon (“wife”), Gothic 𐌵𐌴𐌽𐍃 (qēns, “wife”), Norwegian dialectal kvån (“wife”). Related to and possibly merged with and/or absorbed some senses of English quean, from Middle English quene, from Old English cwene (“woman; female serf, quean”), see quean. Generally eclipsed non-native Middle English regina (“queen”), borrowed from Latin rēgīna (“queen”) (see Modern English regina). Doublet of quean and gyne.

gloss

"wife"; > Middle Low German <i class="Latn mention" lang="gml">quene</i> (“elderly woman”)

cog

[…] and yet I will not ſay but amongſt duſt there is Pearle found, and in hard rockes Dyamonds of great value, and ſo amongſt many women there are ſome good, as that gracious and glorious Queene of all woman kinde the Virgin Mary the mother of al bliſſe, what wun her honour, but an humble minde and her paines and loue vnto our Sauiour Chriſt.

1620, Thomas Tell-Troth [pseudonym of Joseph Swetnam], The Araignment of Lewd, Idle, Froward, and Unconstant Women: Or the Vanitie of Them, Choose You Whether, London, published 1807, retrieved 2022-01-14:

A woman whose pre-eminence, power, or forcefulness is comparable to that of a queen.

(Christianity) The Virgin Mary (especially in formulations such as Queen of Heaven, Queen of Glory).


pip

pip The sound of the BBC pips (canonical)
pips (plural)

onomatopoeic

Imitative

I could clearly hear the frequent cataclysms of the upstairs lavatory, and my day began with the pips for the morning news in Charlotte Lawless's kitchen.

One of a series of very short, electronically produced tones, used, for example, to count down the final few seconds before a given time or to indicate that a caller using a payphone needs to make further payment to continue the call.


Welsh

en-noun

Welsh (countable and uncountable, plural Welsh)

Volcae
Welsh
Welsh language
Welsh people

From Middle English Walsch, Welische, from Old English wīelisċ (“Briton; Roman; Celt”), from Proto-West Germanic *walhisk, from Proto-Germanic *walhiskaz (“Celt; later Roman”), from *walhaz (“Celt, Roman”) (compare Old English wealh), from the name of the Gaulish tribe, the Volcae (recorded only in Latin contexts).
This word was borrowed from Germanic into Slavic (compare Old Church Slavonic Влахъ (Vlaxŭ, “Vlachs, Romanians”), Byzantine Greek Βλάχος (Blákhos)).
Doublet of Vellish. Compare Walloon, walnut, Vlach, Walach, Gaul, Cornwall.

cog

9 minutes to 2. We just stopped to have our horses' mouths washed, and there all people spoke welsh.

1832, Queen Victoria, journal, 6 Aug 1832


Welsh

A town in Louisiana, United States, named for early landowner Henry Welsh.

An unincorporated community in Ohio, United States, named for an early settler.


chook

From Irish English chuck (call made to poultry or pigs), from Irish tsiug, tsiuc. Compare English buck buck.

Worm chickens once every three months and, if an occasional lice problem occurs, spray the inside of the chook shed with Coopex.

2005, Don Burke, The Complete Burke′s Backyard: The Ultimate Book of Fact Sheets, page 683:

2006, Judith Brett, The Chook in the Australian Unconscious, in Peter Beilharz, Robert Manne, Reflected Light: La Trobe Essays, page 329,
This little book, with its meticulous pencil drawings of chooks in mechanical contraptions and photos to show the machine in operation with a white leghorn called Gregory Peck, is evidence of both the sadism inspired by the chook′s comparatively flightless fate and the laughter we use to defend ourselves against the knowledge of that sadism.

She decided to dig her way under the fence into their chook house and had great fun running around and biting the necks of about eight chooks and leaving them half-dead and bleeding. The neighbour was furious, and unfortunately it was Dad′s birthday, so when he arrived home from work, Mum said ‘Happy birthday and^([sic]) darling. Guess what? Your dog has half-killed most of the neighbour′s chooks.

2011, Helen Maczkowiack, An Awkward Fit, page 21:

(Australia, New Zealand, informal) A chicken, especially a hen.

(Australia, New Zealand, informal) A cooked chicken; a chicken dressed for cooking.

(Northern England) Affectionate name for a person

Chooky egg ― Chicken's egg.


jack

→ Brazilian Portuguese: jegue

→ European Portuguese: jaque

Transferred use of the personal name Jack.
(cricket: eleventh batsman): An allusion to the jack in playing cards, which follows the 10.

náłbiil bijaadbee dahnádidlohí

device for raising and supporting a heavy object

jekker

military: coarse medieval coat of defense

(chiefly US) A male ass, especially when kept for breeding.

Usually a jack that makes male flowers has only one main leaf (right), while female plants have two. […] The specific taxonomy of Jack-in-the Pulpit, a member of the Arum Family (Araceae), is rather up in the air. Some botanists believe all jacks are just one species, Arisaema triphyllum, while others claim there are as many as three: A. triphyllum, A. atrorubens, and A. stewardsonii.

2003 May 1, “Is that “Jack” in the Pulpit”, in Hilton Pond Center for Piedmont Natural History:

In fact, most male Jacks are under 14 inches tall. Most Jacks over 14 inches tend to be Jills.

2013 January 6, “Jack-in-the-Pulpit, and Jill”, in Eat the Weeds:

(colloquial) Plant in the genus Arisaema, also known as Jack-in-the-pulpit, and capitalized Jack.

(apparently does not occur standalone for the genus per se) Plant of the genus Emex, also considered synonymous to Rumex, if not then containing two species lesser jack and little jack for Emex spinosa syn. Rumex spinosus, Australian English three-corner jack and prickly jack for Emex australis syn. Rumex hypogaeus.


cock

en-noun

cock (countable and uncountable, plural cocks)

Sranan Tongo: kaka

Tok Pisin: kok

→ Thai: ก๊อก (gɔ́k, “tap”)

From Middle English cok, from Old English coc, cocc (“cock, male bird”), from Proto-West Germanic *kokk, from Proto-Germanic *kukkaz (“cock”), probably of onomatopoeic origin.
Cognate with Middle Dutch cocke (“cock, male bird”) and Old Norse kokkr ("cock"; whence Danish kok (“cock”), dialectal Swedish kokk (“cock”)). Reinforced by Old French coc, also of imitative origin. The sense "penis" is attested since at least the 1610s, with the compound pillicock (“penis”) attested since 1325.

onomatopoeic

onomatopoeic


hand

From Middle English hond, hand, from Old English hand, from Proto-West Germanic *handu, from Proto-Germanic *handuz.
See also Dutch and Swedish hand (“hand”), Danish hånd, German Hand, West Frisian hân). Perhaps compare Old Swedish hinna (“to gain”), Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌰-𐌷𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌰𐌽 (fra-hinþan, “to take captive, capture”); and Latvian sīts (“hunting spear”), Ancient Greek κεντέω (kentéō, “prick”), Albanian çandër (“pitchfork, prop”).

handvol

that which is, or may be, held in a hand at once

hand

set of cards held by a player in a card game

a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush

catch someone with a hand in the cookie jar

close only counts in horseshoes and hand grenades

give with one hand and take away with the other

one can't hold two watermelons in one hand

talk to the hand 'cause the face ain't listening

the hand that rocks the cradle is the hand that rules the world

the hand that rocks the cradle rules the world

the left hand doesn't know what the right hand is doing

Large farms need many farm hands.

But a Dictionary of this ſort, containing, as it were, a Natural Hiſtory, requires too many hands, as well as too much time, coſt, pains, and ſagacity, ever to be hoped for; and till that be done, we muſt content our ſelves with ſuch Definitions of the Names of Subſtances, as explain the ſenſe Men uſe them in.

1689 (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding. […], London: […] Eliz[abeth] Holt, for Thomas Basset, […], →OCLC, book III, page 259:

For this scene, a large number of supers are engaged, and in order to further swell the crowd, practically all the available stage hands have to ‘walk on’ dressed in various coloured dominoes, and all wearing masks.

1904–1905, Baroness Orczy [i.e., Emma Orczy], “The Affair at the Novelty Theatre”, in The Case of Miss Elliott, London: T[homas] Fisher Unwin, published 1905, →OCLC; republished as popular edition, London: Greening & Co., 1909, OCLC 11192831, quoted in The Case of Miss Elliott (ebook no. 2000141h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg of Australia, February 2020:

(especially in compounds) An agent; a servant, or manual laborer; a workman, trained or competent for special service or duty.

matroos

servant, laborer, workman, trained for special duty; a performer

(historical) A Native American gambling game, involving guessing the whereabouts of bits of ivory or similar, which are passed rapidly from hand to hand.


prick

From Middle English prik, prikke, from Old English prica, pricu (“a sharp point, minute mark, spot, dot, small portion, prick”), from Proto-West Germanic *prikō, *priku, from Proto-Germanic *prikô, *prikō (“a prick, point”), of uncertain origin, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *breyǵ- (“to scrape, scratch, rub, prickle, chap”).
Cognate with West Frisian prik (“small hole”), West Frisian prikke (“penis”), Dutch prik (“point, small stick", also "penis”), Danish prik (“dot”), Icelandic prik (“dot, small stick”).

cog

(obsolete) A dot or other diacritical mark used in writing; a point.


prick

en-verb

prick (third-person singular simple present pricks, present participle pricking, simple past and past participle pricked)

pricks (present singular third-person)
pricking (participle present)
pricked (participle past)
pricked (past)

From Middle English prikken, from Old English prician, priccan (“to prick”), from Proto-Germanic *prikōną, *prikjaną (“to pierce, prick”), of uncertain origin; perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *breyǵ- (“to scrape, scratch, rub, prickle, chap”). Cognate with dialectal English pritch, Dutch prikken (“to prick, sting”), Middle High German pfrecken (“to prick”), Swedish pricka (“to dot, prick”), and possibly to Lithuanian įbrėžti (“to scrape, scratch, carve, inscribe, strike”).

cog

Seed should be sown thinly and evenly to enable seedlings to be pricked out without disturbing those that have just emerged. If there is space, seedlings should be pricked out individually, either into small pots or module trays.

2002 July 6, Carol Klein, “Coming up primroses”, in The Daily Telegraph (Gardening), archived from the original on 2013-02-15:

All three germinate well in pots and can be pricked out and potted on with no problems. [...] Grass seeds can be collected as the heads begin to break up. Sow them in late spring, prick out small bundles of seedlings into 7.5cm (3in) pots and transplant them in late May.

2005 October 22, Valerie Bourne, “Self-seeding”, in The Daily Telegraph (Gardening), archived from the original on 2013-11-24:

Geoff might prefer to "take control": to collect seed and sow it next spring, pricking out a few of the best seedlings, growing them on in pots next summer before planting them out in the autumn.

2015 September 21, Helen Yemm, “How to manage hollyhocks [print version: Hollyhock and elder care, evil weevils, 12 September 2015, page 7]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Gardening), archived from the original on 2015-09-25:

(horticulture) Usually in the form prick out: to plant (seeds or seedlings) in holes made in soil at regular intervals.


at

át (canonical masculine)
atllárë (plural)
áti (definite)
at (indefinite nominative singular)
ati (definite nominative singular)
atllarë (indefinite nominative plural)
atllarët (definite nominative plural)
at (accusative indefinite singular)
atin (accusative definite singular)
atllarë (accusative indefinite plural)
atllarët (accusative definite plural)
ati (dative indefinite singular)
atit (dative definite singular)
atllarëve (dative indefinite plural)
atllarëve (dative definite plural)
ati (ablative indefinite singular)
atit (ablative definite singular)
atllarësh (ablative indefinite plural)
atllarëve (ablative definite plural)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish آت (at, “horse”).

bor+

Near-synonyms: kálë, hamshór


at

az-noun

at (definite accusative atı, plural atlar)

atı (accusative definite)
atlar (plural)
at (nominative singular)
atlar (nominative plural)
atı (accusative definite singular)
atları (accusative definite plural)
ata (dative singular)
atlara (dative plural)
atda (locative singular)
atlarda (locative plural)
atdan (ablative singular)
atlardan (ablative plural)
atın (definite genitive singular)
atların (definite genitive plural)
atım (first-person nominative possessive singular)
atlarım (first-person nominative possessive singular)
atın (nominative possessive second-person singular)
atların (nominative possessive second-person singular)
atı (nominative possessive singular third-person)
atları (nominative possessive singular third-person)
atımız (first-person nominative plural possessive)
atlarımız (first-person nominative plural possessive)
atınız (nominative plural possessive second-person)
atlarınız (nominative plural possessive second-person)
atı (nominative plural possessive third-person)
atları (nominative plural possessive third-person)
atımı (accusative first-person possessive singular)
atlarımı (accusative first-person possessive singular)
atını (accusative possessive second-person singular)
atlarını (accusative possessive second-person singular)
atını (accusative possessive singular third-person)
atlarını (accusative possessive singular third-person)
atımızı (accusative first-person plural possessive)
atlarımızı (accusative first-person plural possessive)
atınızı (accusative plural possessive second-person)
atlarınızı (accusative plural possessive second-person)
atını (accusative plural possessive third-person)
atlarını (accusative plural possessive third-person)
atıma (dative first-person possessive singular)
atlarıma (dative first-person possessive singular)
atına (dative possessive second-person singular)
atlarına (dative possessive second-person singular)
atına (dative possessive singular third-person)
atlarına (dative possessive singular third-person)
atımıza (dative first-person plural possessive)
atlarımıza (dative first-person plural possessive)
atınıza (dative plural possessive second-person)
atlarınıza (dative plural possessive second-person)
atına (dative plural possessive third-person)
atlarına (dative plural possessive third-person)
atımda (first-person locative possessive singular)
atlarımda (first-person locative possessive singular)
atında (locative possessive second-person singular)
atlarında (locative possessive second-person singular)
atında (locative possessive singular third-person)
atlarında (locative possessive singular third-person)
atımızda (first-person locative plural possessive)
atlarımızda (first-person locative plural possessive)
atınızda (locative plural possessive second-person)
atlarınızda (locative plural possessive second-person)
atında (locative plural possessive third-person)
atlarında (locative plural possessive third-person)
atımdan (ablative first-person possessive singular)
atlarımdan (ablative first-person possessive singular)
atından (ablative possessive second-person singular)
atlarından (ablative possessive second-person singular)
atından (ablative possessive singular third-person)
atlarından (ablative possessive singular third-person)
atımızdan (ablative first-person plural possessive)
atlarımızdan (ablative first-person plural possessive)
atınızdan (ablative plural possessive second-person)
atlarınızdan (ablative plural possessive second-person)
atından (ablative plural possessive third-person)
atlarından (ablative plural possessive third-person)
atımın (first-person genitive possessive singular)
atlarımın (first-person genitive possessive singular)
atının (genitive possessive second-person singular)
atlarının (genitive possessive second-person singular)
atının (genitive possessive singular third-person)
atlarının (genitive possessive singular third-person)
atımızın (first-person genitive plural possessive)
atlarımızın (first-person genitive plural possessive)
atınızın (genitive plural possessive second-person)
atlarınızın (genitive plural possessive second-person)
atının (genitive plural possessive third-person)
atlarının (genitive plural possessive third-person)


bighorn sheep

Ovis canadensis
Ovis canadensis#Translingual

especially, Ovis canadensis, having large, curving horns.


ant

ein (indefinite nominative singular)
dër (definite nominative singular)
ant (nominative noun singular)
die (definite nominative plural)
ante (nominative noun plural)
eines (genitive indefinite singular)
dës (definite genitive singular)
antes (genitive noun singular)
dër (definite genitive plural)
ante (genitive noun plural)
eime (dative indefinite singular)
dëm (dative definite singular)
ante (dative noun singular)
dën (dative definite plural)
anten (dative noun plural)
einen (accusative indefinite singular)
dën (accusative definite singular)
ant (accusative noun singular)
die (accusative definite plural)
ante (accusative noun plural)
ein (indefinite nominative singular)
diu (definite nominative singular)
ante (nominative noun singular)
die (definite nominative plural)
anten (nominative noun plural)
einer (genitive indefinite singular)
dër (definite genitive singular)
anten (genitive noun singular)
dër (definite genitive plural)
anten (genitive noun plural)
einer (dative indefinite singular)
dër (dative definite singular)
anten (dative noun singular)
dën (dative definite plural)
anten (dative noun plural)
eine (accusative indefinite singular)
die (accusative definite singular)
anten (accusative noun singular)
die (accusative definite plural)
anten (accusative noun plural)

Alemannic German: Ant, Anete

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Ent

Luxembourgish: Int

German: Ente

Rhine Franconian:

Frankfurterisch: IPA [ent]

Pennsylvania German: Ent

Vilamovian: ant

From Old High German enita, from Proto-West Germanic *anad, from Proto-Germanic *anadz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énh₂ts.


beeswax

en-noun

beeswax (usually uncountable, plural beeswaxes)

A wax secreted by bees from which they make honeycomb; or, the processed form of this wax used in the manufacture of various goods.

mind your own beeswax
mind your own beeswax#English

none of your beeswax
none of your beeswax#English

(informal, Canada, US, humorous) “Business”, as in such phrases as mind your own beeswax and none of your beeswax.


bee

From Middle English bee, from Old English bēo, from Proto-West Germanic *bijā, from Proto-Germanic *bijō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰey-.

His face was belymmed as byes had him stounge[…].

1499, John Skelton, The Bowge of Courte:

An angry Wasp th'one in a viall had, / Th'other in hers an hony-laden Bee.

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto XII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

Can there be a more formall, and better ordered policie, divided into so severall charges and offices, more constantly entertained, and better maintained, than that of Bees?

1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

Ariell: / Where the Bee ſucks, there ſuck I, / In a Cowslips bell, I lie, / There I cowch when Owles doe crie, / On the Batts backe I doe flie / after Sommer merrily. / Merrily, merrily, ſhall I liue now / Vnder the bloſſom that hangs on the Bow.

1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i], page 17:

Bees are the moſt excellent of all Inſects vvhatſoever, and expreſſe both vvorth and vvonder in all their vvaies: […]

1657, Samuel Purchas, “The Excellency of Bees”, in A Theatre of Politicall Flying-Insects. […], London: […] R. I. for Thomas Parkhurst, […], →OCLC, page 1:

He stood across in the other garden, beside a bush of pale Michaelmas daisies, watching the last bees crawl into the hive.

1913, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, “chapter 12”, in Sons and Lovers, London: Duckworth & Co. […], →OCLC:

Bees pollinate many of the world’s crops—a service estimated to be worth $15 billion a year in America alone.

2012 March 31, “Subtle poison”, in The Economist:

A flying insect, of the clade Anthophila within the hymenopteran superfamily Apoidea, known for its organised societies (though only a minority have them), for collecting pollen and (in some species) producing wax and honey.

തേനീച്ച (tēnīcca, literally “honey-fly”)

بلۍ مچۍ

balǝ́ymǝčǝ́y


bee

English: bee

Fingallian: bee

Scots: bee, be, beye, bie, bea

Yola: been (plural)

From Old English bēo, from Proto-West Germanic *biju, from Proto-Germanic *bijō.

Right so as bees out swarmen from an hyve, / Out of the develes ers ther gonne dryve / Twenty thousand freres on a route / And thurghout helle swarmed al aboute...

a. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Summoner's Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, lines 1693–1696:

Just like bees swarm from a hive / Out of the devil's arse there were driven / Twenty thousand friars on a rout / And throughout hell they swarmed all about...


wing

From Middle English winge, wenge, from Old Norse vængr ("wing of a flying animal, wing of a building"; compare vængi (“ship's cabin”)), from Proto-Germanic *wēingijaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁- (“to blow”), thus related to wind. Cognate with Danish vinge (“wing”), Swedish vinge (“wing”), Icelandic vængur (“wing”).
Replaced native Middle English fither (from Old English fiþre, from Proto-Germanic *fiþriją), which merged with Middle English fether (from Old English feþer, from Proto-Germanic *feþrō). More at feather.

gl

"wing of a flying animal, wing of a building"; compare <i class="Latn mention" lang="non">vængi</i> (“ship's cabin”)

der

The bird was flapping its wings

(zootomy) An appendage of an animal's (bird, bat, insect) body that enables it to fly.


duck

en-noun

duck (countable and uncountable, plural ducks or duck)

desctree

Sranan Tongo: doksi (from the plural)
→ Dutch: doks

From Middle English doke, ducke, dukke, dokke, douke, duke, from Old English duce, dūce (“duck”, literally “dipper, diver, ducker”), from Old English *dūcan (“to dip, dive, duck”), from Proto-West Germanic *dūkan, from Proto-Germanic *dūkaną (“to dive, bend down”). See verb above.
Cognates
Cognate with Scots duik, duke, dook (“duck”), Danish dukand, dykand (“sea-duck”), Swedish dykfågel (“a diver, diving bird, plungeon”), Dutch duiker (“diver, dipper, plunger”), German Low German Düker (“diver”), German Taucher (“diver, plunger”).
For the meaning development compare with Russian ныро́к (nyrók, “pochard”) connected with ныря́ть (nyrjátʹ, “to dive”).

cog

could eat the arse out of a low flying duck

could eat the crotch out of a low flying duck

could eat the crutch from a low flying duck

don't teach your grandmother how to milk ducks

An aquatic bird of the family Anatidae, having a flat bill and webbed feet.

Specifically, an adult female duck; contrasted with drake and with duckling.

(cricket) A batsman's score of zero after getting out. (Short for duck's egg.)

nulletjie

a batsman's score of zero after getting out

(medicine) A long-necked medical urinal for men; a bed urinal.


duck

Potteries dialect, Black Country dialect and dialects of the former territory of Mercia (central England). Compare Danish dukke (“doll”), Swedish docka (“baby; doll”), dialectal English doxy (“sweetheart”).

Ay up duck, ow'a'tha?

(Midlands) Dear, mate (informal way of addressing a friend or stranger).


hacienda

→ Catalan: hisenda

→ English: hacienda

→ French: hacienda

→ Polish: hacjenda

Inherited from Old Spanish fazienda, from Latin facienda (literally “things to be done”), from faciō (“to do”). Cognate with Portuguese fazenda. Doublet of faena.


hack

en-noun

hack (countable and uncountable, plural hacks)

From Middle English hacken, hakken, from Old English *haccian (“to hack”), from Proto-West Germanic *hakkōn, from Proto-Germanic *hakkōną (“to chop; hoe; hew”), from Proto-Indo-European *keg-, *keng- (“to be sharp; peg; hook; handle”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian häkje (“to hack”), West Frisian hakje (“to hack”), Dutch hakken (“to chop up; hack”), German hacken (“to chop; hack; hoe”), Danish hakke (“to chop”), Swedish hacka (“to hack; chop”), French hacher (“to chop”).
The computer senses date back to at least 1955 when it initially referred to creative problem solving. By 1963, the negative connotations of “black hat” or malicious hacking had become associated with telephone hacking (cf. phreaking).

inh

Terry wrote that module? I didn't know she was a hack too!

(computing, slang, dated) A computer programmer, particularly a veteran or someone not immediately expected to be capable of programming.


hack

(falconry) A board which the falcon's food is placed on; used by extension for the state of partial freedom in which they are kept before being trained.


hack

en-verb

hack (third-person singular simple present hacks, present participle hacking, simple past and past participle hacked)

hacks (present singular third-person)
hacking (participle present)
hacked (participle past)
hacked (past)

Abbreviation of hackney (“an ordinary horse”), probably from place name Hackney.

(equestrianism) To ride a horse at a regular pace; to ride on a road (as opposed to riding cross-country etc.).

When I was hacking in Brooklyn, I used to run him over to the Court Street restaurants, where he'd sit in Nick and Tony's Pizzeria […]

2004, Joseph Trigoboff, The Shooting Gallery, page 238:


hack

Unclear. Perhaps imitative; compare hock, hawk. Alternatively, perhaps from hack (“chop; do something difficult”) via the idea of doing something (like breathing) or with difficulty.


jump

Brill Publishers
hydraulic jump
jump cut
jump discontinuity
jump instruction

From Middle English jumpen (“to walk quickly, run, jump”), probably of Middle Low German or North Germanic origin, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *gumpōną ~ *gumbōną (“to hop, skip, bounce”), an iterative verb. The OED suggests an imitative origin. Related to jumble. In the sense “to propel oneself” it displaced leap partially and spring largely.
Cognates
Cognate with German Low German jumpen (“to jump”), archaic German gumpen (“to jump, hop, bounce”), dialectal German gampen (“to hop”), Alemannic German gumpe (“to leap, jump”), Walser dialect kumpu, Old Norse gopta (“to jump; make jump”) Danish gumpe (“to jolt”), Swedish gumpa (“to jump”), Danish gimpe (“to move up and down”), Middle English jumpren, jumbren (“to mix, jumble”).

onomatopoeic

imitative

قَفْزَة

instance of propelling oneself into the air — see also leap

Heartless managed the scale the first jump but fell over the second.

(sports, equestrianism) An obstacle that forms part of a showjumping course, and that the horse has to jump over cleanly.


gray

en-adj

gray (comparative grayer or more gray, superlative grayest or most gray)

grayer (comparative)
more gray (comparative)
grayest (superlative)
most gray (superlative)

From Middle English gray, from Old English grǣġ, from Proto-West Germanic *grāu, from Proto-Germanic *grēwaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰreh₁- (“to green, to grow”).
See also Dutch grauw, German grau, Old Norse grár); also Latin rāvus (“grey”), Old Church Slavonic зьрѭ (zĭrjǫ, “to see, to glance”), Russian зреть (zretʹ, “to watch, to look at”) (archaic), Lithuanian žeriù (“to shine”).


gray

Log-shaped barnacles become embedded in the hide of the gray.

1971 Mar, National Geographic, page 411:

Eschrichtius robustus
Eschrichtius robustus#Translingual


gray

Named after English physicist Louis Harold Gray (1905–1965).

named-after

Coordinate term: rad

International System of Units
International System of Units

In the International System of Units, the derived unit of absorbed dose of radiation (radiation absorbed by a patient); one joule of energy absorbed per kilogram of the patient's mass. Symbol: Gy


antler

From Middle English auntelere, hauntelere, from Old French antoillier (“antler, horn”), from ante- (“in front of”) + oillier (oil (“eye”) + -ier (a suffix indicating location)), possibly from an unattested Latin *anteocularis (“before the eye”).

While hiking in the woods, I found an antler from a deer.

A deciduous branching and bony structure on the head of deer, moose and elk, normally in pairs, grown and shed each year. (Compare with horn, which is generally not shed.)


hobby

→ Catalan: hobby

→ Danish: hobby

→ Dutch: hobby

→ French: hobby

→ Galician: hobby

→ German: Hobby

→ Italian: hobby

→ Norwegian Bokmål: hobby

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: hobby

→ Polish: hobby

→ Portuguese: hobby

→ Romanian: hobby

→ Russian: хобби (xobbi)

→ Spanish: hobby

→ Swedish: hobby

Shortened from hobby-horse, from Middle English hoby, hobyn, hobin (“small horse, pony”), from Old French hobi, *haubi, haubby, hobin ("a nag, hobby"; > Modern French aubin, Italian ubino), of Germanic origin: from Old French hober, ober (“to stir, move”), from Old Dutch hobben (“to toss, move up and down”); or from North Germanic origin related to Danish hoppe (“a mare”), Old Swedish hoppa (“a young mare”), North Frisian hoppe (“horse”); both ultimately from Proto-Germanic *huppōną (“to hop”), from Proto-Indo-European *kewb- (“to bend; a bend, joint”). More at hop, hobble.
The meaning of hobby-horse shifted from "small horse, pony" to "child's toy riding horse" to "favorite pastime or avocation" with the connecting notion being "activity that doesn't go anywhere". Possibly originally from a proper name for a horse, a diminutive of Robert or Robin (compare dobbin).

der

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-hobby.wav

(equestrianism) An extinct breed of horse native to the British Isles, also known as the Irish Hobby


pen

From Middle English penne, from Anglo-Norman penne, from Old French penne, from Latin penna (“feather”), from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to rush, fly”) (from which petition). Proto-Indo-European base also root of *petra-, from which Ancient Greek πτερόν (pterón, “wing”) (whence pterodactyl), Sanskrit पत्रम् (patram, “wing, feather”), Old Church Slavonic перо (pero, “pen”), Old Norse fjǫðr, Old English feðer (Modern English feather); note the /p/ → /f/ Germanic sound change.
Doublet of panne, penna, and pinna. See feather and πέτομαι (pétomai) for more.

cog

you don't dip your pen in the company inkwell

you don't dip your pen in the company's ink

A pen is nothing more complex than a decalcified shell, so one mutation of the genes that controlled calcification could be all it took.

2017, Danna Staaf, Squid Empire, ForeEdge, →ISBN, page 117:

(zoology) The internal cartilage skeleton of a squid, shaped like a pen.

"I'm sure she had more than one EpiPen […]" "But she didn't have one when she got stung or she'd have used it." By all appearances, Mariah died in the woods, […] If she managed to grab the pen found under her leg from her bag or pocket, she never discharged it. But Crystal doesn't have these details. "Doesn't it make sense that she kept an extra pen in her cupboard, and one in her bag? The extra pen fell out, is all."

2023 August 29, Geri Krotow, A Wasp in the Woods, Tule Publishing, →ISBN:

A syringe-like device for injecting a dose of medication such as insulin or epinephrine. (See Injector pen.)

a dab pen; a wax pen

Short for vapor pen (“electronic cigarette”).


teal

en-noun

teal (countable and uncountable, plural teals)

From Middle English tele, probably from an unrecorded Old English *tǣle, cognate with West Frisian tjilling (“teal”), Middle Dutch teling (“teal”) (modern Dutch taling), Middle Low German telink, from Proto-Germanic *tailijaz, of unknown ultimate origin, with no cognates outside of Germanic. As the name of a shade of dark greenish-blue like the color patterns on the fowl's head and wings, it is attested from 1923. The Australian political sense derives from the colour teal being intermediate between green (signifying environmentalism) and blue (signifying the conservative Australian Liberal Party).

unk

unknown

In a bid to defend their inner-city seats, the Liberal Party has moved towards the environmental and progressive left in what can be described as a “teal strategy” that blurs the lines between the Liberals and the Greens.

2021 September 21, Kurt Wallace, “Navigating the great dividing voter range”, in IPA Today, Institute of Public Affairs:

Concerns of a targeted dirty tricks campaign targeting “teal” independents has prompted the Australian Electoral Commission to bring in its electoral integrity assurance taskforce as pre-polling opens.

2022 May 9, “AEC mobilises taskforce to investigate corflute damage”, in Sydney Morning Herald, page 10:

Ms Haines is a strong proponent of this, and many of the teal cross benchers support her approach to appointing a whistleblower protection commissioner.

2022 September 26, “Teals, Greens list watchdog demands”, in The Canberra Times, page 6:

(countable, Australia, politics, chiefly attributive) A teal independent.


grape

en-noun

grape (countable and uncountable, plural grapes)

From Middle English grape, from Old French grape, grappe, crape (“cluster of fruit or flowers, bunch of grapes”), from graper, craper (“to pick grapes”, literally “to hook”), of Germanic origin, from Frankish *krappō (“hook”), from Proto-Indo-European *greb- (“hook”), *gremb- (“crooked, uneven”), from *ger- (“to turn, bend, twist”). Cognate with Middle Dutch krappe (“hook”), Old High German krapfo (“hook”) (whence German Krapfen (“Berliner doughnut”). Doublet of grappa. More at cramp.

mountain grape

Vitis rupestris; Berberis aquifolium, syn. Mahonia aquifolium

possum grape

Vitis vulpina; Vitis baileyana; Cissus spp.

racoon grape

Vitis labrusca et al.; Ampelopsis cordata

table grape

Vitis spp.; see varieties thereof at List of grape varieties

(US, slang, colloquial, African-American Vernacular) A person's head.


egg

en-noun

egg (countable and uncountable, plural eggs)

→⇒ German: not the yellow from the egg

Jamaican Creole: eg

Sranan Tongo: eksi

The noun is derived from Middle English eg, egg, egge (“egg of a domestic or wild fowl; egg of a snake”) [and other forms] (originally Northern England and Northeast Midlands), from Old Norse egg (“egg”), from Proto-Germanic *ajją (“egg”) (by Holtzmann’s law), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm (“egg”), probably from *h₂éwis (“bird”), from *h₂ew- (“to clothe oneself, dress; to be dressed”) (in the sense of an animal clothed in feathers). Doublet of huevo, oeuf, and ovum.
The native English ey [and other forms] (plural eyren) (obsolete), from Old English ǣġ, is also derived from Proto-Germanic *ajją. It survived into at least c. 16th century before being fully displaced by egg.
The verb is derived from the noun.

ou

thing which looks like or is shaped like an egg

egg

person regarded as having not yet realized they are transgender, or who has not yet come out as transgender or is in the early stages of transitioning; one’s lack of awareness that one is transgender

kill the goose that lays the golden eggs

there's more than one way to cook an egg

there's more than one way to crack an egg

We made a big omelette with three eggs. (countable)

I should determine the minimal amount of egg required to make good mayonnaise. (uncountable)

The farmer offered me some fresh eggs, but I told him I was allergic to egg. (countable, uncountable)

There after the images and reliques were orderly disposed, the great Priest compassed about with divers pictures according to the fashion of the Ægyptians, did dedicate and consecrate with certaine prayers a fair ship made very cunningly, and purified the same with a torch, an egge, and sulphur; […]

1566, Apuleius, “The Eleventh Booke”, in William Adlington, transl., The Golden Ass of Apuleius Translated out of Latin […], London: David Nutt […], published 1893, →OCLC, page 239:

[T]hey are vp already, and cal for Egges and butter, they vvil avvay preſently.

c. 1597 (date written), [William Shakespeare], The History of Henrie the Fourth; […], quarto edition, London: […] P[eter] S[hort] for Andrew Wise, […], published 1598, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:

I was 5 moneth in France before I saw a boyled or roasted egge.

1665–1667, John Lauder; Lord Fountainhall, “Journal in France 1665–1667”, in Donald Crawford, editor, Journals of Sir John Lauder, Lord Fountainhall, with His Observations on Public Affairs and Other Memoranda 1665–1676 […] (Publications of the Scottish History Society; XXXVI), Edinburgh: […] University Press by T[homas] and A[rchibald] Constable for the Scottish History Society, published May 1900, →OCLC, page 52:

Eggs are perhaps the higheſt, moſt nouriſhing and exalted of all animal Food, and moſt indigeſtible, becauſe no body can take and digeſt the ſame Quantity of them as of other Food.

1732, John Arbuthnot, “Practical Rules of Diet in the Various Constitutions and Diseases of Human Bodies. Chapter I. Of the Different Qualities and Effects of Alimentary Substances. 4. Anti-acid, or Contrary to Acidity or Sourness.”, in An Essay Concerning the Nature of Aliments, and the Choice of Them, According to the Different Constitutions of Human Bodies. […], 2nd edition, London: […] J[acob] Tonson […], →OCLC, page 255:

A round, black, shining face is hers, so glossy as to suggest the idea that she might have washed over with white of eggs, like one of her own tea rusks.

1851 June – 1852 April, Harriet Beecher Stowe, “An Evening in Uncle Tom’s Cabin”, in Uncle Tom’s Cabin; or, Life among the Lowly, volume I, Boston, Mass.: John P[unchard] Jewett & Company; Cleveland, Oh.: Jewett, Proctor & Worthington, published 20 March 1852, →OCLC, page 39:

An approximately spherical or ellipsoidal body produced by birds, insects, reptiles, and other animals, housing the embryo within a membrane or shell during its development.

(specifically, countable) The edible egg (sense 1.1) of a domestic fowl such as a duck, goose, or, especially, a chicken; (uncountable) the contents of such an egg or eggs used as food.

кӏвтӏагъь

edible egg of a domestic fowl; the contents of such an egg or eggs used as food

(by extension, countable) A food item shaped to resemble an egg (sense 1.1.1), such as a chocolate egg.

The Eſtrich (whoſe fethers are fayrer thẽ yᵉ wynges of the ſparow hauke) whẽ he hath layd his egges vpon the grounde, he bredeth them in the duſt, and forgetteth them: ſo that they might be troden with feete, or broken with ſomme wilde beaſt.

1535 October 14 (Gregorian calendar), Myles Coverdale, transl., Biblia: The Byble, […] (Coverdale Bible), [Cologne or Marburg]: [Eucharius Cervicornus and Johannes Soter?], →OCLC, Job xxxix:[13–15], folio xi, recto, column 2:

[T]hinke him as a Serpents egge, / VVhich hatch'd, vvould as his kinde grovv mischieuous; / And kill him in the ſhell.

1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], page 114, column 1:

An egg properly is that, out of a part vvhereof a living creature is produced, and the reſidue is meat for it, improperly that is an egg out of the vvhole vvhereof, a living creature is bred, as the eggs of Spiders, Ants, Flies.

1657, Samuel Purchas, “Of the Generation of Bees”, in A Theatre of Politicall Flying-Insects. […], London: […] R. I. for Thomas Parkhurst, […], →OCLC, pages 47–48:

[T]here is one claſs of quadrupeds that ſeems entirely left to chance, […] Theſe are the quadrupeds that are brought forth from the egg, ſuch as the lizard, the tortoiſe, and the crocodile. […] [T]he numerous brood of eggs are, vvithout farther ſolicitude, buried in the vvarm ſands of the ſhore, and the heat of the ſun alone is left to bring them to perfection.

1791, Oliver Goldsmith, “Of Quadrupeds in General, Compared to Man”, in An History of the Earth, and Animated Nature. […], new edition, volume II, London: […] F[rancis] Wingrave, successor to Mr. [John] Nourse, […], →OCLC, pages 311–312:

The egg is, as we have said, a kind of exposed uterus, and place in which the embryo is fashioned: for it performs the office of the uterus and enfolds the chick until the due time of its exclusion arrive, when the creature is born perfect.

1847, William Harvey, “Anatomical Exercises on the Generation of Animals; to which are Added, Essays on Parturition; on the Membranes, and Fluids of the Uterus; and on Conception. [On Animal Generation. Exercise the Twenty-third: Of the Exclusion of the Chick, or the Birth from the Egg.]”, in Robert Willis, transl., The Works of William Harvey, M.D., London: […] Sydenham Society, →OCLC, page 264:

In the Fall into the division of labor, [Claude] Lévi-Strauss sees the great hunters trading women to create the exogamous bonds of one hunting band with another. The egg is, but the sperm does. The tiny sperm may be furious in its activity, but its highway to the egg is paved by the alkaline trail set down by the Great Mother.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, “Hominization”, in The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture (A Lindisfarne Series Book), New York, N.Y.: St. Martin’s Press, →ISBN, part 2 (The Transformations of Prehistory), page 80:

Although they serve the same function across the plant, animal and fungal kingdoms, sperm and eggs vary wildly in their structure and biochemistry, even among closely related species. […] Many genes that determine sperm and egg structure and biochemistry are rapidly evolving, constantly changing the chemical environment necessary for the sperm to bind to the egg.

2013 May-June, Katrina G. Claw, “Rapid Evolution in Eggs and Sperm”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, New Haven, Conn.: Sigma Xi, the Scientific Research Society, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2013-04-22, abstract, page 210:

(also cytology) Synonym of ovum (“the female gamete of an animal”); an egg cell.

ovum

Shut up, you egg!

(New Zealand, derogatory) A foolish or obnoxious person.

Senses relating to people.
A foolish or obnoxious person.


egg

is-noun

egg f (genitive singular eggjar, nominative plural eggjar)

eggjar (genitive singular)
eggjar (nominative plural)
egg (indefinite nominative singular)
eggin (definite nominative singular)
eggjar (indefinite nominative plural)
eggjarnar (definite nominative plural)
egg (accusative indefinite singular)
eggina (accusative definite singular)
eggjar (accusative indefinite plural)
eggjarnar (accusative definite plural)
egg (dative indefinite singular)
eggju (dative indefinite singular)
egginni (dative definite singular)
eggjum (dative indefinite plural)
eggjunum (dative definite plural)
eggjar (genitive indefinite singular)
eggjarinnar (definite genitive singular)
eggja (genitive indefinite plural)
eggjanna (definite genitive plural)

Inherited from Old Norse egg, from Proto-Germanic *agjō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp, pointed”).
Cognates include Old Frisian egg, Old Saxon eggia, Dutch egge; Old English ecg (English edge); Old High German egga (German Ecke); Swedish egg.
The Indo-European root is also the source of Latin aciēs (“edge, sharpness”), Ancient Greek ἀκίς (akís, “point”).


chestnut

en-noun

chestnut (countable and uncountable, plural chestnuts)

→ Gujarati: ચેસ્ટનટ (cesṭanaṭ)

Formerly chesten nut, from Middle English chesten, Middle English chesteyne, chasteine, from Old English ċisten and reinforced by Old French chastaigne, both from Latin castānea, from Ancient Greek καστάνεια (kastáneia). Latin castānea also is the ultimate source of English castanet.

pull someone's chestnuts out of the fire


ag

ag (nominative singular)
ag (dual nominative)
aige (nominative plural)
ag (singular vocative)
ag (dual vocative)
aige (plural vocative)
ag (accusative singular)
ag (accusative dual)
aige (accusative plural)
aige (genitive singular)
aige (dual genitive)
aige (genitive plural)
aig (dative singular)
aigib (dative dual)
aigib (dative plural)
ag
n-ag

Irish: agh

Scottish Gaelic: agh ‘heifer’

From Proto-Celtic *agos (“cow”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ǵʰós. Compare Old Armenian եզն (ezn), Sanskrit अही (ahī́).


kind

is-noun

kind f (genitive singular kindar, nominative plural kindur or (in the meaning "race, kind, kin") kindir)

kindar (genitive singular)
kindur (nominative plural)
kindir (nominative plural)
kind (indefinite nominative singular)
kindin (definite nominative singular)
kindur (indefinite nominative plural)
kindir (indefinite nominative plural)
kindurnar (definite nominative plural)
kindirnar (definite nominative plural)
kind (accusative indefinite singular)
kindina (accusative definite singular)
kindur (accusative indefinite plural)
kindir (accusative indefinite plural)
kindurnar (accusative definite plural)
kindirnar (accusative definite plural)
kind (dative indefinite singular)
kindinni (dative definite singular)
kindum (dative indefinite plural)
kindunum (dative definite plural)
kindar (genitive indefinite singular)
kindarinnar (definite genitive singular)
kinda (genitive indefinite plural)
kindanna (definite genitive plural)

is-ndecl

f,,ur:ir􂀿in the meaning "race, kind, kin"􂁀

From Old Norse kind, from Proto-Germanic *kinþiz, cognate with Latin gēns (“clan, tribe”). The sense of “sheep” is derived from the compound sauðkind, literally “sheep-kind”.


bal

sq-noun

bal m (plural bala, definite bali, definite plural balat)

bala (plural)
bali (definite)
balat (definite plural)

From Proto-Albanian *bala, cognate to Lithuanian bãlas (“white”), Latvian bàls (“pale”) and Greek (Hes.) φαλός λευκός (falós lefkós), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel-.

dog or goat (with a white spot on the forehead)


SP

en-noun

SP (countable and uncountable, plural SPs)

He was an atheist, a rationalist, a medical student of no great distinction, an SP punter, a singer of bawdy songs, an acknowledged expert in matters erotic.

1985, Peter Carey, Illywhacker, Faber and Faber, published 2003, page 157:

It was the last time, too, when […] the races dominated the radio on Saturday afternoons and everyone had the number of an SP bookie.

1998, David Malouf, A First Place, Vintage, published 2015, page 196:


so

so (indefinite nominative singular)
sos (genitive indefinite singular)
son (definite nominative singular)
sons (definite genitive singular)
sor (indefinite nominative plural)
sors (genitive indefinite plural)
sorna (definite nominative plural)
sornas (definite genitive plural)

From Old Swedish sō (Old Icelandic/Norwegian sýr), from Old East Norse *sōʀ, from Proto-Germanic *sūz, from Proto-Indo-European *sū-. Compare the identical ko (Old Icelandic/Norwegian kýr, Old Swedish kō).


eye

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éy-ós, nominalized form of *h₁ey- (“to go”), where the semantics developed along the lines of the animals being herded. For similar etymological and semantic developments, compare Hittite iyant (“sheep”) and Oscan eítuvam (“wealth”) (originally meaning livestock, for which semantically compare Latin pecunia).


bef

English: beef (see there for further descendants)

Scots: beef

From Anglo-Norman beof, Old French buef; ultimately from Latin bovem, accusative of bōs. Doublet of cou.


ver

(Rumantsch Grischun, Surmiran) wild boar (Sus scrofa)


verres

la-noun

verrēs m (genitive verris); third declension

verrēs (canonical masculine)
verris (genitive)
verrēs (nominative singular)
verrēs (nominative plural)
verris (genitive singular)
verrium (genitive plural)
verrī (dative singular)
verribus (dative plural)
verrem (accusative singular)
verrēs (accusative plural)
verrīs (accusative plural)
verre (ablative singular)
verribus (ablative plural)
verrēs (singular vocative)
verrēs (plural vocative)

Old French: ver

⇒ French: verrat

⇒ Norman: véthot

Romanian: vier

Romansch: ver, verr, vier

desc

Sardinian: berre, berri, erri, erre, verre

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *verrācus

⇒ Asturian: bracu

⇒ Spanish: verraco

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *verrea

Spanish: birria

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *verrōne(m)

Portuguese: barrão, varrão

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *verrus

Catalan: verro, verre, verri

Friulian: viru

Italian: verro

Sicilian: verru

[ˈu̯ɛrːeːs̠]

From Proto-Italic *wersēn, from Proto-Indo-European *wérsēn (“male animal”). The nominative singular and the i-stem declension pattern are analogous; a more logical development would have been verrēn as the form used in the nominative and vocative singular cases with the base being verrin-. Cognates include Sanskrit वृषन् (vṛ́ṣan), वृष (vṛṣa), Ancient Greek ἄρσην (ársēn) and Lithuanian ver̃šis.


draw

en-noun

draw (countable and uncountable, plural draws)

From Middle English drawen, draȝen, dragen (“to drag, pull, push, draw (out), go to, make, add, etc.”), from Old English dragan, from Proto-West Germanic *dragan, from Proto-Germanic *draganą, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ- (“to draw, pull”). Doublet of drag and draught.
Cognates
* Albanian dredh (“to turn, spin”)
* Danish drage
* Dutch dragen
* German tragen (“to carry”)
* Old Armenian դառնամ (daṙnam, “to turn”)
* Sanskrit ध्रजस् (dhrájas, “gliding course or motion”)
* West Frisian drage

cog

Selling draw to your mates but it's really Oxo cubes.

2003, “Soap Bar”, in The Manifesto, performed by Goldie Looking Chain:

Mick spoke to Simon, who was more of a drinker. He said that people who smoked draw were boring.

2017, Michael Coleman, Old Skool Rave, page 139:

(horse racing) The stall from which a horse begins the race.


uwe

Cognates with Yoruba iwe, Ifẹ̀ Yoruba ighe


nose

Sranan Tongo: noso

Aukan: nosu

Saramaccan: núsu

Audio (London, UK)

Audio (UK)

From Middle English nose, from Old English nosu, from Proto-West Germanic *nosu, variant of *nasō, old dual from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s- ~ *nh₂es- (“nose, nostril”).
See also Saterland Frisian Noose, West Frisian noas, Dutch neus, Swedish nos, Norwegian nos (“snout”), German Low German Nees, Nes, Näs, German Nase, Swedish näsa, Norwegian nese, Danish næse (“nose”); also Latin nāris (“nostril”), nāsus (“nose”), Lithuanian nósis, Russian нос (nos), Sanskrit नासा (nā́sā, “nostrils”).

Red Rum only won by a nose.

(horse racing) The length of a horse’s nose, used to indicate the distance between horses at the finish of a race, or any very close race.

馬鼻 /马鼻 (maa⁵ bei⁶, literally “horse's nose”)


leg

→ Finnish: legi

→ Hungarian: leg

From Middle English leg, legge, from Old Norse leggr (“leg, calf, bone of the arm or leg, hollow tube, stalk”), from Proto-Germanic *lagjaz, *lagwijaz (“leg, thigh”) (see it for more).
Cognate with Scots leg (“leg”), Icelandic leggur (“leg, limb”), Norwegian Bokmål legg (“leg”), Norwegian Nynorsk legg (“leg”), Swedish lägg (“leg, shank, shaft”), Danish læg (“leg”), Lombardic lagi (“thigh, shank, leg”), Latin lacertus (“limb, arm”), Persian لنگ (leng). Upon borrowing, mostly displaced the native Old English term sċanca (Modern English shank).

der

piss on someone's leg and tell them it's raining

This proposal has no legs. Almost everyone opposes it.

I’m trying to go with my head and focus on the first guy, because this could be a relationship with legs.

2020 February 2, “One is a great guy; the other is good in bed. So who do I choose?”, in The Guardian:

(usually in the plural) The ability of something to persist or succeed over a long period of time.


foot

en-noun

foot (plural feet or (UK colloquial, unit of measure) foot)

→ Assamese: ফুট (phut)

q

from <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">feet</i>

→ Japanese: フット (futto), フート (fūto); フィート (fīto) (from feet)

→ Russian: фут (fut)

Sranan Tongo: futu

Aukan: futu

Saramaccan: fútu

→ Swahili: futi

→ Thai: ฟุต (fút)

Tok Pisin: fut, put

→ Urdu: فٹ (fuṭ)

→ Phalura: fuṭ

From Middle English fot, fote, foot, from Old English fōt, from Proto-West Germanic *fōt, from Proto-Germanic *fōts, from Proto-Indo-European *pṓds. Doublet of pes, pie (“Spanish unit of length”), and pous.

doublet

not touch something with a ten-foot pole

you cannot put the same shoe on every foot

King John went to battle with ten thousand foot and one thousand horse.

His forces, after all the high discourses, amounted really but to eighteen hundred foot.

1702–1704, Edward [Hyde, 1st] Earl of Clarendon, “(please specify |book=I to XVI)”, in The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England, Begun in the Year 1641. […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed at the Theater, published 1707, →OCLC:

(collective, military) Foot soldiers; infantry.

He removes a gold lighter from his pocket, flips it open, and waves the flame over the foot, taking short, sucking pulls off the head till it’s lit.

2022, Jonathan Escoffery, If I Survive You, 4th Estate (2023), page 128:

(cigars) The end of a cigar which is lit, and usually cut before lighting.


angel

ein (indefinite nominative singular)
dër (definite nominative singular)
angel (nominative noun singular)
die (definite nominative plural)
angel (nominative noun plural)
angele (nominative noun plural)
eines (genitive indefinite singular)
dës (definite genitive singular)
angels (genitive noun singular)
angeles (genitive noun singular)
dër (definite genitive plural)
angel (genitive noun plural)
angele (genitive noun plural)
eime (dative indefinite singular)
dëm (dative definite singular)
angel (dative noun singular)
angele (dative noun singular)
dën (dative definite plural)
angeln (dative noun plural)
angelen (dative noun plural)
einen (accusative indefinite singular)
dën (accusative definite singular)
angel (accusative noun singular)
die (accusative definite plural)
angel (accusative noun plural)
angele (accusative noun plural)
ein (indefinite nominative singular)
diu (definite nominative singular)
angel (nominative noun singular)
die (definite nominative plural)
angele (nominative noun plural)
einer (genitive indefinite singular)
dër (definite genitive singular)
angele (genitive noun singular)
angel (genitive noun singular)
dër (definite genitive plural)
angele (genitive noun plural)
einer (dative indefinite singular)
dër (dative definite singular)
angele (dative noun singular)
angel (dative noun singular)
dën (dative definite plural)
angelen (dative noun plural)
eine (accusative indefinite singular)
die (accusative definite singular)
angel (accusative noun singular)
die (accusative definite plural)
angele (accusative noun plural)

Central Franconian:

Luxembourgish: Aangel

Hunsrik: Angel

German: Angel

stinger (pointed portion of an insect or arachnid used for attack)


matka

pl-noun

matka f (diminutive mateczka or mateńka or matuchna or (dialectal) matynka or matusia or matuś, augmentative matczysko, related adjective matczyny)

mateczka (diminutive)
mateńka (diminutive)
matuchna (diminutive)
matynka (dialectal diminutive)
matusia (diminutive)
matuś (diminutive)
matczysko (augmentative)
matczyny (adjective)

Inherited from Old Polish matka. By surface analysis, mać + -ka.

(countable, zoology) queen (female insect that begets others)


kaczka

kaczka f (male equivalent kaczor, diminutive kaczuszka or kaczeczka, related adjective kaczczany or kaczczy or kaczkowy)

kaczor (masculine)
kaczuszka (diminutive)
kaczeczka (diminutive)
kaczczany (adjective)
kaczczy (adjective)
kaczkowy (adjective)
kaczka (nominative singular)
kaczki (nominative plural)
kaczki (genitive singular)
kaczek (genitive plural)
kaczce (dative singular)
kaczkom (dative plural)
kaczkę (accusative singular)
kaczki (accusative plural)
kaczką (instrumental singular)
kaczkami (instrumental plural)
kaczce (locative singular)
kaczkach (locative plural)
kaczko (singular vocative)
kaczki (plural vocative)

→ Low Prussian: Katschke

Inherited from Old Polish kaczka, from Proto-Slavic *kačьka. Probably onomatopoeic. Cognates include Czech kachna, kačka, and Slovak kačka, kačica.


krowa

krowka (diminutive)
krowa (nominative singular)
krowje (dual nominative)
krowy (nominative plural)
krowy (genitive singular)
krowowu (dual genitive)
krowow (genitive plural)
krowje (dative singular)
krowoma (dative dual)
krowam (dative plural)
krowu (accusative singular)
krowje (accusative dual)
krowy (accusative plural)
krowu (instrumental singular)
krowoma (dual instrumental)
krowami (instrumental plural)
krowje (locative singular)
krowoma (dual locative)
krowach (locative plural)

From Proto-Slavic *korva, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“horn”).


krowa

krowa f (diminutive krówka, augmentative krówsko, related adjective krowi)

krówka (diminutive)
krówsko (augmentative)
krowi (adjective)
krowa (nominative singular)
krowy (nominative plural)
krowy (genitive singular)
krów (genitive plural)
krowie (dative singular)
krowom (dative plural)
krowę (accusative singular)
krowy (accusative plural)
krową (instrumental singular)
krowami (instrumental plural)
krowie (locative singular)
krowach (locative plural)
krowo (singular vocative)
krowy (plural vocative)

Coordinate term: byk

cow (adult female of the species Bos taurus, especially one that has calved)

cow (female member of other large species of mammal, including the bovines, moose, whales, seals, hippos, rhinos, manatees, and elephants)

(historical, informal) Nebelwerfer (World War II German series of mortar weapons)


chłopak

chłopiec (diminutive)
chłopak (nominative singular)
chłopacy (nominative plural)
chłopaki (derogatory nominative plural)
chłopaka (genitive singular)
chłopaków (genitive plural)
chłopakowi (dative singular)
chłopakom (dative plural)
chłopaka (accusative singular)
chłopaków (accusative plural)
chłopakiem (instrumental singular)
chłopakami (instrumental plural)
chłopaku (locative singular)
chłopakach (locative plural)
chłopaku (singular vocative)
chłopacy (plural vocative)

From chłop + -ak. Originally from the Mazovian dialect, as there is a tendency to use the suffix -ak instead of -ę to create young nouns (compare Polish dziecię vs Polish dzieciak, źrebię vs źrebak). First attested in 1731.

ref

Karol Mikołaj Juniewicz (1731) Refleksye duchowne ná mądry krolá Sálomoná sentyment oraz ná krotkość żyćia ludzkiego, śmierć, sąd straszny, wieczność szczęśliwą y nieszczęśliwą […]  (in Polish), page 42

boyfriend; boy (male romantic partner, usually not married)