hub

From earlier hubbe, which has the same immediate origin as hob. Hub was originally a dialectal word; its ultimate origin is unknown. Compare German Hubbel (“bump on a surface”), from Proto-West Germanic *hubil (“bump, hill”) (which contains a diminutive suffix *-il); compare English hive, or perhaps ultimately from the same root as hip or hop.

cog

(networking) A computer networking device connecting several Ethernet ports. See switch.


jigger

→ Catalan: gigre

From jig + -er (agent suffix). Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary suggests a possible link to Old High German gīga (“fiddle”).

(horse racing) An illicit electric shock device used to urge on a horse during a race.


juke

From Gullah juke, jook, joog (“wicked, disorderly”) (compare Wolof and Bambara dzug (“unsavory”)).

The juke played five times for a quarter and she never wearied of tapping. Nor did she tire of the same record five times in a row; she was too indolent to select more than one number.

2011, Nelson Algren, Never Come Morning:


labial

Borrowing from Medieval Latin labiālis (“of or pertaining to the lips”), from labium (“a lip”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix); equivalent to labium + -al.

af

The wound that does not kill Christ is the magical labial wound; it is the seal of the resurrection and an expression of the myth of eternal recurrence.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 109:

(anatomy, zootomy) Of or pertaining to the lips or labia.


labial

(zootomy) Any of the scales bordering the mouth opening of a reptile.


lea

leae (genitive)
lea (nominative singular)
leae (nominative plural)
leae (genitive singular)
leārum (genitive plural)
leae (dative singular)
leīs (dative plural)
leam (accusative singular)
leās (accusative plural)
leā (ablative singular)
leīs (ablative plural)
lea (singular vocative)
leae (plural vocative)


macho

Borrowed from Spanish macho (“male”), from Latin masculus. Doublet of male.

[…] about how the military is anti-gay and uses intimidation and peer pressure. How it promotes a sense of false macho and patriotism.

1980 August 30, Jil Clark, quoting Bob Andrews, “Gays Talk About Registration and the Draft”, in Gay Community News, volume 8, number 6, page 9:

Though there was plentiful evidence to the contrary that should have made plain to him the hairy masculine macho of German gays, Hitler's stereotyped image perceived them as woman-like, surrendering, and therefore essentially weak.

1981, Frank Rector, The Nazi Extermination of Homosexuals, page 33:

On this day, when tens of millions of men, and women, are watching this yearly celebration of American macho, we'd like them to stop and think about the prevalence of male violence against women and what they can do to end it.

1990 February 4, Laura Briggs, quoting Jackson Katz, “Men March Against Sexism During Superbowl”, in Gay Community News, volume 17, number 29, page 2:


marc

head

marc m (genitive singular mairc, nominative plural mairc)

mairc (genitive singular)
mairc (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
marc (indefinite singular)
mairc (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a mhairc (indefinite singular)
a mharca (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
mairc (indefinite singular)
marc (indefinite plural)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an marc (definite singular)
na mairc (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an mhairc (definite singular)
na marc (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an marc (definite singular)
don mharc (definite singular)
leis na mairc (definite plural)

From Old Irish marc, from Proto-Celtic *markos (“horse”). Cognate with Welsh march, Breton marc’h, and Old English mearh (“horse”).


marc

marc m (genitive mairc, nominative plural mairc)

mairc (genitive)
mairc (nominative plural)
marc (nominative singular)
marc (dual nominative)
mairc (nominative plural)
mairc (singular vocative)
marc (dual vocative)
marcu (plural vocative)
marc (accusative singular)
marc (accusative dual)
marcu (accusative plural)
mairc (genitive singular)
marc (dual genitive)
marc (genitive plural)
marc (dative singular)
marcaib (dative dual)
marcaib (dative plural)
marc
also mmarc after a proclitic
ending in a vowel

Irish: marc

Scottish Gaelic: marc

From Proto-Celtic *markos (“horse”). Cognate with Welsh march, Breton marc’h, and beyond Celtic with Old English mearh (“horse”).

marc .i. each


maw

From Middle English mawe, maghe, maȝe, from Old English maga (“stomach; maw”), from Proto-West Germanic *magō, from Proto-Germanic *magô (“belly; stomach”), from Proto-Indo-European *mak-, *maks- (“bag, bellows, belly”).
Cognates
Cognate with West Frisian mage, Dutch maag (“stomach; belly”), German Low German Maag, German Magen (“stomach”), Danish mave,
Norwegian mage (“stomach”), Swedish mage (“stomach; belly”), and also with Welsh megin (“bellows”), archaic Russian мошна́ (mošná, “pocket, bag”), Lithuanian mãkas (“purse”), Finnish maha (“stomach”), Estonian magu (“stomach”).

Shut your maw!

She fumbled with her bag, and produced from its little maw a scented handkerchief.

1920, Katherine Mansfield [pseudonym; Kathleen Mansfield Murry], “The Escape”, in Bliss and Other Stories, London: Constable & Company, published 1920, →OCLC, page 273:


medial

en-adj

medial (comparative more medial, superlative most medial)

more medial (comparative)
most medial (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-medial.wav

Borrowed from Latin mediālis (“middle”), from medius (“that is in the middle or midst”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix).

среден

The medial side of the knee faces the other knee, while the outer side of the knee is lateral.

Situated in or near the middle; not at either end.

(anatomy, zootomy) Pertaining to the inside; closer to the median plane of the body or the midline of an organ.


milt

en-noun

milt (countable and uncountable, plural milts)

From Middle English milte, from Old English milte, milt (“milt, spleen”), from Proto-West Germanic *miltijā, *meltā, from Proto-Germanic *meltǭ (“spleen”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)meld- (“to beat, grind, crush, weaken”). Cognate with German Milz, Dutch milt, Danish milt, Norwegian milt, Swedish mjälte. Outside Germanic, with Albanian mëlçi (“liver”) and Italian milza (“spleen”), which is a borrowing from Lombardic.

inh

we see that certaine apprehensions engender a blushing-red colour, others a palenesse; that some imagination doth only worke in the milt, another in the braine[…].

1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

Adam Kadmon had pneumonia. Friar Goat cured it by tying a bullock’s milt to the soles of the lad’s feet, and burying the milt afterwards. Adam Kadmon immediately contracted the thrush.

(countable) The spleen, especially of an animal bred for food.

The engorged testis containing a filled reservoir of mature spermatozoa in a male fish


mort

en-noun

mort (countable and uncountable, plural morts)

From Middle English mort, from Old French mort (“death”).

(UK, Scotland, dialect) The skin of a sheep or lamb that has died of disease.

(card games) A variety of dummy whist for three players.


mort

(Internet, informal) A player in a multi-user dungeon who does not have special administrator privileges and whose character can be killed.


mort

UK circa 1560–1890. Unknown. Documented possibilities include:
* From mort (“A three-year-old salmon”), by equation of women with fish.
* From Welsh modryb (“aunt”)
* From Welsh morwyn (“maid, virgin”)
* From French amourette (“a crush”)
* From, or cognate with, Dutch mot (“pig, lewd woman”), from Middle Low German mutte.
* From French motte (“mound, esp. mons veneris”)
* From Romani mintš (“female genitals”). Cognate with English minge.

unk

Unknown

der

Male gypsies all, not a mort among them.

1621, Ben Jonson, The Gypsies Metamorphosed:

"Yes, master! I and my mort worships something besides good ale; don't we, Sue?" and then he leered at the mort, who leered at him, and both made odd motions backwards and forwards, causing the baskets which hung round them to creak and rustle, and uttering loud shouts of laughter, which roused the echoes of the neighbouring hills.

KINCHIN-MORTS, the Twenty-seventh and last Order of the Canting Crew, being girls of a year or two old whom the Morts (their Mothers) carry at their Backs in Slates (Sheets) and if they have no children of their own they[…]

1896, John Stephen Farmer, Slang and Its Analogues Past and Present: A Dictionary ... with Synonyms in English, French ... Etc. Compiled by J.S. Farmer [and W.E. Henley], page 109:

(obsolete, UK, thieves' cant) A woman; a female.


pleura

From Middle English, borrowed from Medieval Latin pleura.

(zootomy) A lateral part in an animal body or structure.


pug

Origin unknown, possibly related to West Flemish pugge (“(adjective) small; (noun) short person; pet name derived from the first name Pugge”); though it is uncertain whether sense 1 (“senses relating to someone or something small”) and sense 2 (“senses relating to people”) are derived from the same source.
Sense 1.8 (“small demon”) was probably influenced by, though not a variant of, puck.

pentu

It is to be observed in this experiment, […] that the loss of weight by feeding (tegs or pugs) on turnips, is remarkable: […]

1808, Thomas Batchelor, “Live Stock”, in General View of the Agriculture of the County of Bedford. […], London: […] [B. MᶜMillan] for Richard Phillips, […], →OCLC, section 2 (Sheep), page 541:

Senses relating to someone or something small.

(UK, regional, archaic) Also used as a proper name: any of various animals, such as a ferret, hare, squirrel, or young salmon.

(specifically) Synonym of teg (“a sheep (originally a ewe) in its second year, or from the time it is weaned until it is first shorn”)

teg

[…] I heard her call him dear pug, and found him to be her favourite monkey.

1712 October 13 (Gregorian calendar), [Joseph Addison], “THURSDAY, October 2, 1712”, in The Spectator, number 499; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume V, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC, page 454:

Its proper Povver to hurt, each Creature feels, / Bulls aim their Horns, and Aſſes lift their Heels, / 'Tis a Bear's Talent not to kick, but hug, / And no Man vvonders he's not ſtung by Pug: […]

1733, Alexander Pope, The First Satire of the Second Book of Horace, […], London [actually Edinburgh]: […] L[awton] G[illiver] and sold by A. Dodd […], E[lizabeth] Nutt […], →OCLC, page 13:

Take avvay the pug, ſaid I, to the attendants—Take it avvay vvhile any of it is left—They reſcued the ſtill ſmiling babe, and run avvay vvith it.

1753 (indicated as 1754), [Samuel Richardson], “Letter XLIII. Lady G. to Lady Grandison.”, in The History of Sir Charles Grandison. […], 2nd edition, volume VI, London: […] S[amuel] Richardson; [a]nd sold by C. Hitch and L. Hawes, […], →OCLC, page 211:

Or, is the Monkey sick, he takes his bed; / Old Slop is sent for, to prescribe for Pug.— […]

1812, Peter Pindar [pseudonym; John Wolcot], “Tristia; or, The Sorrows of Peter: […]. Elegy.”, in The Works of Peter Pindar, Esq. […], new edition, volume V, London: […] J[ohn] Walker, G. Wilkie and J. Robinson, G. Robinson, […]; and G. Goulding and Co. […], →OCLC, page 297:

(specifically, obsolete) An ape, a monkey; also (by extension) a human child.

[T]here is a dead silence, till pug is well out of cover, and the whole pack well in: then cheer the hounds with tally ho! till your lungs crack. Away he goes in gallant style, and the whole field is hard up, till pug takes a stiff country: […]

1812, [Maria] Edgeworth, “The Absentee. Chapter VIII.”, in Tales of Fashionable Life (2nd series), volume VI, London: […] [Heney] for J[oseph] Johnson and Co., […], →OCLC, pages 93–94:

That spell was broken by the sight of poor wearied pug, his once gracefully-floating brush all draggled and drooping, as he toiled up the sheep-paths toward the open down above.

1848, [Charles Kingsley], “The Philosophy of Fox-hunting”, in Yeast: A Problem. […], London: John W[illiam] Parker, […], published 1851, →OCLC, page 16:

Dear, delicate Madam, I am your little Paraquit, your Sparrovv, your Shock, your Pugg, your Squirrel.

1685 July (first performance), N[ahum] Tate, Cuckolds-Haven: Or, An Alderman No Conjurer. A Farce. […], London: […] J. H. and are to be sold by Edward Poole, […], published 1685, →OCLC, Act I, scene ii, page 5:

Squirrels / Are not uncommon in the plantings on the broad edges, where they may be seen feeding on the deal-apples, as the Broadsmen call the fir-cones; nuts and acorns too they are fond of. […] Stoats sometimes chase them, but "pug" generally manages to escape, an[d] he can get to a tree first—he is a much more daring jumper.

1895, P[eter] H[enry] Emerson, “Shrew Mouse, or Rana, and Squirrels”, in Birds, Beasts and Fishes of the Norfolk Broadland, London: David Nutt, […], →OCLC, page 363:

[Ulysses] ty'd his deafen'd Sailors (vvhile he paſs'd / The dreadful Lady's Lodgings) to the Maſt, / And rather venture drovvning, than to vvrong / The Sea-pugs chaſte Ears vvith a bavvdy Song: […]

a. 1681 (date written), Samuel Butler, “Satyr”, in R[obert] Thyer, editor, The Genuine Remains in Verse and Prose of Mr. Samuel Butler, […], volume I, London: […] J[acob] and R[ichard] Tonson, […], published 1759, →OCLC, page 77, lines 143–146:

(nautical) A cabin boy, a shipboy or ship's boy.

Senses relating to people.
A cabin boy, a shipboy or ship's boy.


raj

rajok (plural)
raj (nominative singular)
rajok (nominative plural)
rajt (accusative singular)
rajokat (accusative plural)
rajnak (dative singular)
rajoknak (dative plural)
rajjal (instrumental singular)
rajokkal (instrumental plural)
rajért (causal-final singular)
rajokért (causal-final plural)
rajjá (singular translative)
rajokká (plural translative)
rajig (singular terminative)
rajokig (plural terminative)
rajként (essive-formal singular)
rajokként (essive-formal plural)
rajban (inessive singular)
rajokban (inessive plural)
rajon (singular superessive)
rajokon (plural superessive)
rajnál (adessive singular)
rajoknál (adessive plural)
rajba (illative singular)
rajokba (illative plural)
rajra (singular sublative)
rajokra (plural sublative)
rajhoz (allative singular)
rajokhoz (allative plural)
rajból (elative singular)
rajokból (elative plural)
rajról (delative singular)
rajokról (delative plural)
rajtól (ablative singular)
rajoktól (ablative plural)
rajé (singular)
rajoké (plural)
rajéi (singular)
rajokéi (plural)
rajom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
rajaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
rajod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
rajaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
raja (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
rajai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
rajunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
rajaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
rajotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
rajaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
rajuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
rajaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

Borrowed from a Slavic language. Compare Serbo-Croatian roj. Ultimately from Proto-Slavic *rojь.

tűzcsoport < raj < szakasz < század < zászlóalj < ezred < dandár < hadosztály < hadtest < hadsereg < hadseregcsoport < front

(of bees and other insects) swarm, (of birds) flock


rep

rȇp (canonical masculine)
ре̑п (Cyrillic)
rȇp (nominative singular)
rȅpovi (nominative plural)
repa (genitive singular)
repova (genitive plural)
repu (dative singular)
repovima (dative plural)
rep (accusative singular)
repove (accusative plural)
repe (singular vocative)
repovi (plural vocative)
repu (locative singular)
repovima (locative plural)
repom (instrumental singular)
repovima (instrumental plural)


rep

rȅp (canonical)
rẹ̑p (canonical inanimate masculine)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
rèp (nominative singular)
rêpa (dual nominative)
rêpi (nominative plural)
rêpa (genitive singular)
rêpov (dual genitive)
rêpov (genitive plural)
rêpu (dative singular)
rêpoma (dative dual)
rêpom (dative plural)
rèp (accusative singular)
rêpa (accusative dual)
rêpe (accusative plural)
rêpu (locative singular)
rêpih (dual locative)
rêpih (locative plural)
rêpom (instrumental singular)
rêpoma (dual instrumental)
rêpi (instrumental plural)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
rép (nominative singular)
répa (dual nominative)
répi (nominative plural)
répa (genitive singular)
répov (dual genitive)
répov (genitive plural)
répu (dative singular)
répoma (dative dual)
répom (dative plural)
rép (accusative singular)
répa (accusative dual)
répe (accusative plural)
répu (locative singular)
répih (dual locative)
répih (locative plural)
répom (instrumental singular)
répoma (dual instrumental)
répi (instrumental plural)


rondo

en-noun

rondo (countable and uncountable, plural rondos)

Borrowed from Italian rondo, from French rondeau. Doublet of rondeau.

(music, countable) A musical composition, commonly of a lively, cheerful character, in which the first strain recurs after each of the other strains.

Vitis vinifera
Vitis vinifera#Translingual

(countable) A dark-skinned grape, a hybrid of Vitis vinifera with Vitis amurensis and others.

And four years after Pep from Catalonia first clapped eyes on Phil from Stockport across a crowded rondo, here finally was the consummation.

2020 August 7, Jonathan Liew, “Phil Foden stars to offer Manchester City glimpse of multiple futures”, in The Guardian:

(soccer) A game resembling keep-away, used to train soccer players: one group is tasked with completing a number of passes while the other smaller group tries to take possession of the ball.

(obsolete, uncountable) A gambling game played with small balls on a table.


ruff

Clipping of ruffle, or possibly from rough.

A reeve shows her readiness to copulate by crouching in a particular residence. In a crowded lek she selects an individual ruff by turning towards him while still crouching. Some ruffs are thus chosen frequently while others are never selected. Ruff and reeve only copulate after she has crouched and has sometimes nibbled the feathers at the back of the ruff’s head.

1986, Desmond Nethersole-Thompson, Maimie Nethersole-Thompson, “New or Returning Waders”, in Waders: Their Breeding, Haunts and Watchers, Calton, Staffordshire: T. & A. D. Poyser, →ISBN; republished as Waders: Their Breeding, Haunts and Watchers (Poyser Monographs), London: T. & A. D. Poyser, 2010, →ISBN, page 323:

During late spring and early summer it becomes difficult to detect Ruffs in their breeding habitat. The males no longer visit the leks, and most have left the area. Some of the females may still be sitting on their eggs, invisible to casual passers-by.

1991, Johan G. van Rhijn, “The Vigilant Mother”, in The Ruff: Individuality in a Gregarious Wading Bird, London: T. & A. D. Poyser, →ISBN; republished as The Ruff: Individuality in a Gregarious Wading Bird (Poyser Monographs), London: T. & A. D. Poyser, 2010, →ISBN, page 111:

Philomachus pugnax (syn. Calidris pugnax), a gregarious, medium-sized wading bird of Eurasia; specifically, a male of the species which develops a distinctive ruff of feathers and ear tufts during mating season (the female is called a reeve).

Philomachus pugnax
Philomachus pugnax#Translingual

The Afghan urial, which is smaller than the Transcaspian urial, is found in the mountains near Iran's eastern frontier, and is the wild sheep of Afghanistan and western Pakistan. Its ruff is black sprinkled with white hairs and its bib is white.

2005, Eskandar Firouz, “Mammals of Iran”, in The Complete Fauna of Iran, London, New York, N.Y.: I.B. Tauris, →ISBN, page 88:

The creature coming toward me went instantly still. On the other side of the fire, one of them jerked upright and popped its ruff as wide as it would go. The other lunged to the side of the second and clamped one clawed hand around its muzzle.

2017 April, Marie Brennan [pseudonym; Bryn Neuenschwander], chapter 10, in Within the Sanctuary of Wings: A Memoir by Lady Trent, New York, N.Y.: Tor Books, →ISBN, page 151:

(zoology) A collar of lengthened or distinctively coloured fur on or around the neck of an animal.

kaulus

collar of fur on or around the neck of an animal


ruff

In the same genus there is another species which makes better eating. This is A[rripis] georgianus, popularly known as the ruff or tommy ruff (again, nothing to do with anything bearing that name in the Old World), but now officially called 'Australian herring' (another aberration). [...] The ruff, on the other hand, although a smaller fish, makes good eating; its flesh is tender and tasty.

2014, Alan Davidson, “Australasian ‘salmon’”, in Tom Jaine, editor, The Oxford Companion to Food, 3rd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 44:

A fish of species Arripis georgianus, found in cool waters off the southern coast of Australia


scaup

See scalp (“a bed of oysters or mussels”).

Or spot gaggles of Canada geese, ducks and scaups flying over schools of bluefish.

2009 March 29, Deborah Baldwin, “A Waterside Village With a Big-City Backdrop”, in New York Times:

Any of three species of small diving duck in the genus Aythya.


scoter

When I went birdwatching, I saw lots of scoters.

Any one of several species of northern sea ducks of the genus Melanitta.


shiv

First attested 1915. From chive, chieve, chife, chiv (“knife”), from Romani chive, chiv, chivvomengro (“knife, dagger, blade”).

A particular woody by-product of processing flax or hemp.


shiv

en-verb

shiv (third-person singular simple present shivs, present participle shivving or shiving, simple past and past participle shivved or shived)

shivs (present singular third-person)
shivving (participle present)
shiving (participle present)
shivved (participle past)
shivved (past)
shived (participle past)
shived (past)

Anyway, that's how Jimmie came to be shivved and left to bleed out in the shower.

2016, Andrew Shaffer, The Day of the Donald, Crooked Lane Books, →ISBN, page 6:

(transitive) To stab (someone) with a shiv.

(transitive, by extension) To stab (someone) with anything not normally used as a stabbing weapon.


shunt

From Middle English shunten, schunten, schonten, schounten, shont, shonte, shount, shounten, shunte (“to move rapidly or suddenly, jerk; to swerve, turn away; to avoid, dodge, escape, evade”), either:
* possibly a back-formation from Middle English shǒnen (“to decline to do, refuse; to abandon, forsake; to disdain, dislike, hate; to avoid, escape; to be afraid, fear; to be wary of”), from Old English sċunian, sċyniġan; see shun. Or
* an alteration of Middle English shunden, *schunden, *schinden, from Old English sċyndan, sċendan (“to hasten, hurry”) (as in āsċyndan (“to remove, take away”), from Proto-West Germanic *skundijan, from Proto-Germanic *skundijaną (“to compel, drive, push; to accelerate, rush, speed up”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kew(n)t- (“to rattle, shake”).
* from unrecorded Old English *sċunettan, a derivative of sċunian (“to shun, avoid”).
The English word is cognate with Danish skynde (“to hasten, hurry, speed”), Icelandic skynda, skunda (“to hasten”), Middle High German schünden (“to compel; to urge; to irritate”), Norwegian skynde (“to hurry, rush”), Swedish skynda (“to hasten, hurry; to scuttle, scurry”). Outside Germanic, compare Sanskrit स्कन्दति (skándati, “to dart, leap, spring, spurt or burst forth, ejaculate, assail, drop, split”), Albanian shkund (“to shake; to swig”).
As regards the noun sense, compare Middle English shunt (“swerve; sudden jerk”), derived from the verb.

cog

Portosystemic shunts can be congenital or acquired with congenital PSS commonly comprising a single communicating vessel between the portal venous circulation and the systemic circulation via the caudal vena cava or azygos vein. Of congenital shunts, 66–75% are extrahepatic. Intrahepatic portosystemic shunts are most commonly identified in larger breeds of dog (though we have also seen a number of terriers with intrahepatic shunts through our clinic).

2018, Jon[athan David] Wray, “Case 11 Presenting with Mentation Abnormalities”, in Canine Internal Medicine: What’s Your Diagnosis?, Hoboken, N.J., Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, section C (Hepatobiliary Disease), page 127:

(medicine, veterinary medicine) An abnormal passage between body channels.


sire

From Middle English sire, from Old French sire, the nominative singular of seignor; from Latin senior, from senex. Doublet of seigneur, seignior, senhor, senior, señor, senyor, signore, and sir. Cognate with French monsieur.

doublet

A male animal that has fathered a particular offspring (especially used of domestic animals and/or in biological research).


spavin

en-noun

spavin (countable and uncountable, plural spavins)

The noun is derived from Middle English spavein, spaveine (“swelling on horse’s leg causing lameness; disease causing lameness in horses”), from Old French espavain, a variant of esparvain, esprevain, esprevin (modern French éparvin, épervin). The further etymology is unknown; one suggestion is that it is from Frankish *sparwan (“sparrow”), though this is seen as quite tenuous.
The verb is derived from the noun.

[H]is horſe hip'd vvith an olde mothy ſaddle, and ſtirrops of no kindred: beſides poſſeſt vvith the glanders, and like to moſe in the chine, troubled vvith the Lampaſſe, infected vvith the faſhions, full of VVindegalls, ſped vvith Spauins, raied vvith the Yellovvs, […]

c. 1590–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Taming of the Shrew”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], page 219, column 1:

Of ſpauens, there be tvvo kindes, the bone Spauen and the blood: for the bone Spauen, you ſhall dreſſe it in all things like the ſplent, and it vvil heale it. For the bloud ſpauen you ſhall take vp the veane, and vvhen it hath bled vve pull out the bladder vvhich holdes the ſpauen, and ſtop the vvound vvith Sage and ſalt, and it vvill heale it.

1607, Gervase Markham, “Of Spauens”, in Cauelarice, or The English Horseman: […], London: […] [Edward Allde and W[illiam] Jaggard] for Edward White, […], →OCLC, 7th book, page 78:

Doubtleſſe a Spauen is an euil ſorance, and cauſeth a horſe to haule principally in the beginning of his griefe, it appeareth on the hinder Legges vvithin, and againſt the ioynt, and it vvill bee a little ſvvolne, and ſome horſes haue a thorough Spauen, vvhich appeareth both vvithin and vvithout. Of the Spauen there are tvvo kindes, the one hard the other ſoft: That is: bone-Spauen, and a blood-Spauen, […] Caſt the horſe and vvith a hot yron ſlitte the fleſh that couereth the Spauen, and then lay vpon the Spauen, Cantharides and Euforbium boyled together in oile de Bay, […]

1607, Conradus Gesnerus [i.e., Conrad Gessner], Edward Topsell, “Of the Horsse. [Of the Spauen, both Bone and Blood.]”, in The Historie of Foure-footed Beastes. […], London: […] William Iaggard, →OCLC, page 407:

Mr. Field had seen the same horses brought to his forge from day to day, and year to year, with large spavins, yet continuing perfectly sound.

1829 November 19, “Veterinary Medical Society, 21st Oct. 1829. Discussion on Mr. W. Percivall’s Paper on Soundness.”, in [William] Percivall, [William] Youatt, editors, The Veterinarian, volume II, number 24, London: […] Compton and Ritchie, […] [for] Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, & Green, […], published December 1829, →OCLC, page 509:

(countable) A bony swelling which develops in a horse's leg where the shank and splint bone meet, caused by inflammation of the cartilage connecting those bones; also, a similar swelling caused by inflammation of the hock bones.

[N]ovv the Bots, the Spauin, and the Glanders, and ſome doſen diſeaſes more, light on him, & his Moyles.

1601, Ben Jonson, Poetaster or The Arraignment: […], London: […] [R. Bradock] for M[atthew] L[ownes] […], published 1602, →OCLC, Act I, scene ii, signature B2, verso:

(uncountable) A disease of horses caused by this bony swelling (sense 1.1).


spavin

en-verb

spavin (third-person singular simple present spavins, present participle spavining, simple past and past participle spavined)

spavins (present singular third-person)
spavining (participle present)
spavined (participle past)
spavined (past)

Mr. Lythe had seen many horses which Mr. Field had passed as sound although they were spavined; and he does not recollect a single instance of lameness among them.

The witches that dance on the Brocken on Valpurgis Eve would be spoken of in a different spirit from the village hag who spavins the horse and curdles the milk.

1867, John Hill Burton, “Heathendom”, in The History of Scotland from Agricola’s Invasion to the Revolution of 1688, Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, page 224:

And oh! Onesiphorus, the old brown mare / Is spavining for love, as also we; […]

1884 February 23, “Astray from San Rafael” [pseudonym], “Dudetic Leap Year”, in The Wasp, volume XII, number 8, San Francisco, Calif.: E[dward] C[reamor] Macfarlane & Co., →OCLC, stanza 4, page 11, column 1:

The plaintiff introduced evidence tending to prove that the horse was spavined, and that Kuntzman had warranted the soundness of the horse. The fourth exception on the part of the defendant and the plaintiff in error was to the rejection of the evidence that the horse was not spavined while in Weaver's stable, some two months after the sale.

1886, A[braham] C[lark] Freeman, “Kuntzman v. Weaver”, in The American Decisions […], volume LIX, San Francisco, Calif.: Bancroft-Whitney Co. […], →OCLC, page 740:

In order to obviate the straining, spavining, and weakness of back, to which horses are subject, caused by the effort of starting heavy cars, Mr. Henry P. Holt designed a tramcar starting gear, patented in May, 1879, […]

1894, D[aniel] Kinnear Clark, “Resistance to Traction on Tramways”, in Tramways: Their Construction and Working […], 2nd edition, London: Crosby Lockwood and Son […], →OCLC, page 402:

(farriery, veterinary medicine) To cause (a horse or its leg) to have spavin (noun sense 1.2).

aiheuttaa kinnerpatti

to cause (a horse or its leg) to have spavin


tercel

desc

English: tiercel, tercel, terzel, tassel, tassell, tarcel, tarsel, tarsell, tyercel, tyercle

→ Old Norse: tersél

Borrowed from Old French tercel, terçuel, from Medieval Latin tertiolus.


umber

la-noun

umber m (genitive umbrī); second declension

umbrī (genitive)
umber (nominative singular)
umbrī (nominative plural)
umbrī (genitive singular)
umbrōrum (genitive plural)
umbrō (dative singular)
umbrīs (dative plural)
umbrum (accusative singular)
umbrōs (accusative plural)
umbrō (ablative singular)
umbrīs (ablative plural)
umber (singular vocative)
umbrī (plural vocative)

an Umbrian; also a breed of sheep and dog


vee

Afrikaans: vee

Negerhollands: vee

From Middle Dutch vêe, from Old Dutch fē, from Proto-West Germanic *fehu, from Proto-Germanic *fehu, from Proto-Indo-European *peḱu- (“livestock”). Cognate to English fee.

Het vee graast in de weide.

The livestock is grazing in the pasture.

De boerderij houdt vee voor zowel melk als vlees.

The farm keeps cattle for both milk and meat.

Ze handelen in vee, voornamelijk schapen en geiten.

They trade in livestock, mainly sheep and goats.


vie

ro-verb

a vie (third-person singular present vie, past participle vis) 3rd conjugation

a vie 3rd conjugation (canonical)
vie (present singular third-person)
vis (participle past)
a vie (infinitive)
viind (gerund)
vis (participle past)
viu (first-person indicative present singular)
vii (indicative present second-person singular)
vie (indicative present singular third-person)
viem (first-person indicative plural present)
vieți (indicative plural present second-person)
viu (indicative plural present third-person)
viam (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
viai (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
viea (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
viam (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
viați (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
viau (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
vsei (first-person indicative perfect singular)
vseși (indicative perfect second-person singular)
visese (indicative perfect singular third-person)
virăm (first-person indicative perfect plural)
vserăți (indicative perfect plural second-person)
vseră (indicative perfect plural third-person)
visem (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
vseseși (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
vsese (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
vseserăm (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
vseserăți (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
vseseră (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
să viu (first-person present singular subjunctive)
să vii (present second-person singular subjunctive)
să vie (present singular subjunctive third-person)
să viem (first-person plural present subjunctive)
să vieți (plural present second-person subjunctive)
să vie (plural present subjunctive third-person)
vii (imperative second-person singular)
vieți (imperative plural second-person)
nu vie (imperative negative second-person singular)
nu vieți (imperative negative plural second-person)

Inherited from Latin vīvere, from Proto-Italic *gʷīwō, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷíh₃weti (“to live, be alive”).

inh

(rare, dated) to have life; to live, exist


volta

volta (nominative singular)
volty (nominative plural)
volty (genitive singular)
volt (genitive plural)
volcie (dative singular)
voltom (dative plural)
voltę (accusative singular)
volty (accusative plural)
voltą (instrumental singular)
voltami (instrumental plural)
volcie (locative singular)
voltach (locative plural)
volto (singular vocative)
volty (plural vocative)


waler

From (New South) Wale(s) + -er, the horse having been bred in the then colony of New South Wales in the 19th century.

Without reason, against prudence, and at a moment's notice, he fell in love with a frivolous, golden-haired girl who used to tear about Simla Mall on a high, rough waler, with a blue velvet jockey-cap crammed over her eyes.

1888, Rudyard Kipling, “Wressley of the Foreign Office”, in Plain Tales from the Hills, Folio Society, published 2004, page 204:

There were Arabs of high degree, thoroughbred English horses, and very good-looking Walers among them, besides some tiny ponies, four of which, when harnessed together, drew a real Cinderella coach of solid silver.

1889, Annie Brassey, The Last Voyage, to India and Australia, in the ‘Sunbeam’, published 2010, page 46:

2007, "Waler", entry in Bonnie L. Hendricks, International Encyclopedia of Horse Breeds, page 434,
Some maintain that the Waler is extinct, its blood living on only in the modern Australian Stock Horse and some of the feral brumbies that roam the outback.

By the 1850s, there was a thriving trade in selling the horses to the Indian Army as 'remounts'. Between 1834 and 1937, more than 300,000 Walers were sent to India.

2013, Peter Macinnis, The Big Book of Australian History, page 134:

(Australia, India) A breed of light saddle horse from Australia, once favoured as a warhorse.


washy

en-adj

washy (comparative washier, superlative washiest)

washier (comparative)
washiest (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-washy.wav

a washy horse

(US, dialect, archaic or horse racing) Not firm or hardy; liable to sweat profusely with labour.


winker

From wink (“blinking of only one eye”) + -er (suffix forming agent nouns).

silmäniskijä

[T]his Censurer slaundereth manie men, another might say of him, he is the cōmon packhorse of the Papistes, to carrie any fardell of lyes deuised against any Christian man or booke that commeth in his way, and the rather because he weareth a paire of winkers ouer his eyes like a milhorse, being ashamed to shewe either his face or his name.

1583, William Fulke, “A Briefe Confutation of Sundry Cavils and Quarels, Uttered by Diuerse Papistes in Their Seuerall Bookes & Pamphlets against the Writings of William Fulke”, in A Defense of the Sincere and True Translations of the Holie Scriptures into the English Tong against the Manifolde Cauils, Friuolous Quarels, and Impudent Slaunders of Gregorie Martin, […], London: […] Henrie Bynneman, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-06-24, page 32:

Take the winkers off that donkey's face, and let him get a bit to eat; there's grass enough, God knows, and it's good grass.

1914, James Stephens, chapter I, in The Demi-Gods, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC, book I (Patsy Mac Cann), page 4:

The collar of his cambric shirt, English fashion, is highly starched and looks like winkers, its points projecting upward in front with a wide gap between.

1964, Aleksandr Pushkin, translated by Vladimir Nabokov, Eugene Onegin: A Novel in Verse […], volumes 2 (Commentary on Preliminaries and Chapters One to Five), New York, N.Y.: Bollingen Foundation, →OCLC, page 168:

A thing which is used to wink with, or which winks.

(equestrianism, also attributive and figurative) Chiefly in the plural: synonym of blinker (“a shield attached to the bridle of a horse or other domesticated animal to prevent it from seeing things behind it and to its side”)


wino

pl-noun

wino n (diminutive winko, augmentative wińsko)

winko (diminutive)
wińsko (augmentative)
wino (nominative singular)
wina (nominative plural)
wina (genitive singular)
win (genitive plural)
winu (dative singular)
winom (dative plural)
wino (accusative singular)
wina (accusative plural)
winem (instrumental singular)
winami (instrumental plural)
winie (locative singular)
winach (locative plural)
wino (singular vocative)
wina (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish wino, from Proto-Slavic *vino.

wino słodkie

wino półsłodkie

wino półwytrawne

wino wytrawne

wino białe

wino czerwone

wino różowe


wisp

en-verb

wisp (third-person singular simple present wisps, present participle wisping, simple past and past participle wisped)

wisps (present singular third-person)
wisping (participle present)
wisped (participle past)
wisped (past)

From Middle English wispe, wyspe, wips, wipse, perhaps from an unrecorded Old English *wisp, *wips. Cognate with West Frisian wisp, Dutch wisp (“bundle of hay or straw”), Norwegian bokmål/Swedish/Bornholm Danish visp (“handful or bundle of grass, hay, etc.”). Akin also to Middle Dutch/Middle Low German wispel (“measure of grain”).

cog

It looked warm and rosy-bright inside, with a little chimney wisping smoke, little windows glowing.

2011, Iain Lawrence, The Winter Pony, page 219:


arrest

en-noun

arrest (countable and uncountable, plural arrests)

From Middle English arest (noun) and aresten (verb), from Old French areste (noun) and arester (“to stay, stop”, verb), from Vulgar Latin *arrestō, from Latin ad- (“to”) + restō (“to stop, remain behind, stay back”), from re- (“back”) + stō (“to stand”), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”), equivalent to ad- + rest. Compare French arrêter (“to stop”).

der

(farriery) A scurfiness of the back part of the hind leg of a horse


brace

English: brace

Scots: brace

From Old French brace, from Latin bracchia, plural of bracchium.

(rare) A kind of riding equipment or horse tack.


caper

la-noun

caper m (genitive caprī, feminine capra); second declension

caprī (genitive)
capra (feminine)
caper (nominative singular)
caprī (nominative plural)
caprī (genitive singular)
caprōrum (genitive plural)
caprō (dative singular)
caprīs (dative plural)
caprum (accusative singular)
caprōs (accusative plural)
caprō (ablative singular)
caprīs (ablative plural)
caper (singular vocative)
caprī (plural vocative)

Italian: capro

French: chevron

→ English: chevron

Romanian: capră

Portuguese: cabro

Spanish: cabro, cabrón

→ Scottish Gaelic: cabar

From Proto-Italic *kapros, from Proto-Indo-European *kápros (“buck, he-goat”).


cater

Dutch: kater

Limburgish: kater


chute

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-chute.wav

(horse racing) An extension to a straightway on either the home stretch or the backstretch, to avoid having a turn at the start of the race.


equitation

en-noun

equitation (usually uncountable, plural equitations)

The art, practice or act of horseriding.

езда

the art, practice or act of riding a horse


flap

From Middle English flap, flappe (“a slap; blow; buffet; fly-flap; something flexible or loose; flap”), related to Saterland Frisian Flappert (“wing, flipper”), Middle Dutch flabbe (“a blow; slap on the face; fly-flap; flap”) (modern Dutch flap (“flap”)), Middle Low German flabbe, vlabbe, flebbe, from the verb (see below). Related also to English flab and flabby.

cog

a flap of a garment

The envelope flap seemed curiously wrinkled.

Again, Beside these parts destin'd to divers offices, there is a peculiar provision for the wind-pipe, that is, a cartilagineous flap upon the opening of the Larynx or Throttle, which hath an open cavity for the admiffion of the air

1686, Sir Thomas Browne, chapter VIII, in The Works of the Learned Sr. Thomas Brown: Containing, Enquiries Into Vulgar and Common Errors, etc, book IV:

The hairs guide the pollinating insect to the base of the petal, where there is a purplish nectary covered by a flap of tissue.

1998 October, Robert H. Mohlenbrock, “Twin Peaks”, in Natural History, volume 107, number 8, page 73:

Anything broad and flexible that hangs loose, or that is attached by one side or end and is easily moved.

(aviation) A hinged surface on the trailing edge of the wings of an aeroplane, used to increase lift and drag.

(surgery) A piece of tissue incompletely detached from the body, as an intermediate stage of plastic surgery.

(slang, vulgar, chiefly in the plural) The labia, the vulva.

(graph theory) A connected component of the induced subgraph formed by deleting a set of vertices.


geld

From Middle English gelden, from Old Norse gelda (“to geld, castrate”), from Proto-Germanic *galdijaną (“to castrate”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰel- (“to cut”).
Cognate with Old Norse geldr (“yielding no milk, dry”), German galt, gelt (“not giving milk, barren”), Gothic 𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌸𐌰 (gilþa, “sickle”). Compare the archaic German Gelze (“castrated swine”) and gelzen (“to castrate”), Danish galt (“castrated boar”) (from Old Norse gǫltr (“boar, hog”), cognate with English gilt and gilde (“to geld”). "gelding" derives from Old Norse geldingr.

cog

A female animal, such as a ewe or cow, that is not pregnant.


girdle

From Middle English girdel, gerdel, gurdel, from Old English gyrdel, from Proto-West Germanic *gurdil, from Proto-Germanic *gurdilaz (“girdle, belt”), equivalent to gird + -le.
Cognates
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Gäddel (“belt”), West Frisian gurdle, gurle, gurl (“belt”), Dutch gordel (“belt”), German Gürtel (“belt”), Yiddish גאַרטל (gartl, “belt”) (whence gartel, a doublet of girdle), Swedish gördel (“girdle”), Icelandic gyrðill (“girdle”).

inh

Suppose within the girdle of these walls
Are now confin'd two mighty monarchies

1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, prologue]:

That which girds, encircles, or encloses; a circumference

A garment used to hold the abdomen, hips, buttocks, and/or thighs in a particular shape.

Edward H[enry] Knight
w:Edward H. Knight

The line of greatest circumference of a brilliant-cut diamond, at which it is grasped by the setting.

rondist

line of greatest circumference of a diamond


girdle

(Scotland, Northern English) Alternative form of griddle


grail

From Middle English graal, greal, from Old French graal, greal (“cup”), from Medieval Latin gradalis, possibly corrupted over time from Latin crater (“bowl”).

The quest for the Grail is not archeology. It's a race against evil. If it is captured by the Nazis, the armies of darkness will march all over the face of the earth. Do you understand me?

1989, 1:06:54 from the start, in Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade^(https://archive.org/details/movie-hollywood-720p-sub-indonesia_202209/Indiana+Jones+and+the+Last+Crusade+(1989)+BR/Indiana+Jones+and+the+Last+Crusade.mp4) (Action-Adventure), spoken by Henry Jones, Sr. (Sean Connery), →OCLC:


hircine

en-adj

hircine (comparative more hircine, superlative most hircine)

more hircine (comparative)
most hircine (superlative)

First attested in its present form in 1650–1660: From Middle English hircyne, from Latin hircīnus (“of a goat”, “goat-scented”); equivalent to hircus (“a male goat”) + -īnus (“-ine”). Cognate with French hircin. Compare caprine, haedine.

der

They are monſtrouſly fat, and have a moſt hircine ſmell.

1781, Thomas Pennant, History of Quadrupeds, volume 2, page 528:

1838, Hypericaceæ, entry in The Penny Cyclopaedia, Volume 12, page 411,
Many are objects of ornament, but they are little cultivated because they have frequently a disagreeable hircine odour.

People always smiled a little when they looked at Skøieren, and it was surely true that this dog had a most whimsical appearance, practically lost as he was in the depths of his hircine coat of fur.

1992, Helge Ingstad, Land of Feast and Famine, page 291:

Linnæus formed seven classes of odours of medicines; namely, the aromatic, fragrant, ambrosiac, alliaceous, hircine, fetid, and nauseous.

1820, J. J. Virsey, The Natural History of Medicines, Aliments and Poisons, taken from the Kingdoms of Nature: The London Medical and Physical Journal, volume 44, page 247:

(book word, not comparable) Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of goats.

مَعَزِيّ

of, pertaining to, or characteristic of goats

Possessed of an odour reminiscent of goats.


hircine

(mineralogy) A fossil amorphous resin which, when burnt, gives off a pungent, hircinous aroma.


hive

From Middle English hyve, from Old English hȳf, from Proto-West Germanic *hūfi, from Proto-Indo-European *kuHp- (“water vessel”), from *kew- (“to bend, curve”).
See also Dutch huif (“beehive”), Danish dialect huv (“ship’s hull”); also Latin cūpa (“tub, vat”), Ancient Greek κύπη (kúpē, “gap, hole”), κύπελλον (kúpellon, “beaker”), Sanskrit कूप (kū́pa, “cave”). Doublet of coupe, cup, and keeve. The computing term was chosen as an in-joke relating to bees; see https://web.archive.org/web/20150715222122/http://blogs.msdn.com/b/oldnewthing/archive/2003/08/08/54618.aspx.

First, for thy Bees a quiet Station find, / And lodge 'em under Covert of the Wind: / For Winds, when homeward they return, will drive / The loaded Carriers from their Ev'ning Hive.

1697, Virgil, “The Fourth Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, lines 10–13:

A structure, whether artificial or natural, for housing a swarm of honeybees.

When that the general is not like the hive, to whom the foragers shall all repair, what honey is expected?

c. 1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:

Windows builds the registry from the five registry hives[…]

2006, Jean Andrews, Fixing Windows XP, page 352:

For devices built with hive-based registry implementation, the registry data are broken into three different hives — the boot hive, system hive, and user hive.

2011, Samuel Phung, Professional Microsoft Windows Embedded CE 6.0:

(computing, Microsoft Windows) A section of the registry.


hive

en-verb

hive (third-person singular simple present hives, present participle hiving, simple past and past participle hived)

hives (present singular third-person)
hiving (participle present)
hived (participle past)
hived (past)

to hive a swarm of bees

(transitive) To collect (bees) into a hive.

Hiving wisdom with each studious year.

1816, Lord Byron, “Canto III”, in Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage. Canto the Third, London: Printed for John Murray, […], →OCLC, (please specify the stanza number):

(transitive) To store (something other than bees) in, or as if in, a hive.

(entomology) Of insects: to enter or possess a hive.


horseback

en-noun

horseback (countable and uncountable, plural horsebacks)

From Middle English horsebacke, horsebak, horsbak, equivalent to horse + back.

set a beggar on horseback and he'll ride to the Devil

They came on horseback across the plains.

(usually with on, upon, etc.) The back of a horse.

(countable) A ridge of sand, gravel, and boulders.


horseback

He rode horseback into town.


knacker

From Old Norse hnak (“saddle”) (whence Icelandic hnakkur (“saddle”)).

Travelling Community
Travelling Community

(Ireland, British, offensive) A member of the Travelling Community; a Rom (Gypsy).

antoušek

one who separates animals for reuse — see also flayer


lard

English: lard

Scots: lair, laird (obsolete)

Borrowed from Old French lard, from Latin lāridum, lārdum.


merganser

From Late Latin merganser, from Latin mergus (“waterfowl, diver”), from mergō (“to dip, immerse”) + ānser (“goose”).

Any of various diving ducks of the genera Mergus or Lophodytes, which feed on fish and have a sharply serrated bill.


molly

molly (countable and uncountable, plural mollies)

From Molly, the personal name, a pet form of Mary. In some cases it is possibly derived from mollitia (“softness, weakness”). Drug sense probably influenced by the initial of MDMA.

So la-da-di-da-di, we like to party / Dancing with Molly / Doing whatever we want

2013, “We Can't Stop”, in Bangerz, performed by Miley Cyrus:

Was pissed now. But also hyper-lit, euphoric almost, given the adrenaline plus molly.

2022, Sean Thor Conroe, Fuccboi, Hachette, →ISBN:

A female cat, a she-cat (usually spayed)


molly

From Mollienesia, an invalid taxonomic name for the genus, influenced by the personal name Molly.

A fish of the genus Poecilia, except for those known as guppies.


molly

(India, South Asia) Alternative spelling of mali (“a member of a caste in South Asia whose traditional occupation is gardening; hence, any South Asian gardener”).


molly

Brimstone, Viper, and Phoenix's mollies were adjusted during a closed beta patch, changing the damage tick speed so players couldn't avoid damage by bunny hopping. Killjoy's Nanoswarm will likely follow suit.

2020 August 5, Andreas Stavropoulos, “Hiko on Killjoy's Nanoswarm: "I think they do a lot of damage too fast and I think it's hard to even tell you're in a molly sometimes"”, in Dot Esports, archived from the original on 2022-08-11:

(video games, slang) A Molotov cocktail.


muster

From Middle English musteren, borrowed from Anglo-Norman mostrer, Middle French monstrer, moustrer (whence the noun monstre, which gave the English noun), from Latin mōnstrō (“to show”), from moneō (“to admonish”). Cognate with French montrer (“to show”), Italian mostrare (“to show”), Spanish mostrar (“to show”). See also monster.

Ye publish the musters of your own bands, and proclaim them to amount of thousands.

1594–1597, Richard Hooker, edited by J[ohn] S[penser], Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie, […], London: […] Will[iam] Stansby [for Matthew Lownes], published 1611, →OCLC, (please specify the page):

The sum total of an army when assembled for review and inspection; the whole number of effective men in an army.

McGuire took the two of them out to Kidman's Bore on the Sylvester River where about two dozen stockmen from different stations had gathered to tend the muster along the edge of the Simpson Desert.

2006, John Gilfoyle, Bloody Jackaroos!, Boolarong Press:

(Australia, New Zealand) A roundup of livestock for inspection, branding, drenching, shearing etc.


muster

en-verb

muster (third-person singular simple present musters, present participle mustering, simple past and past participle mustered)

musters (present singular third-person)
mustering (participle present)
mustered (participle past)
mustered (past)

We were then in the third week of November; but, we took our measures so vigorously, and were so well seconded by the friends in whom we confided, that there was still a week of the month unexpired, when our party all came down together merrily, and mustered in the haunted house.

1859, Charles Dickens, The Haunted House:

The whole male population, men and boys, mustered on the top of the hill.

1900, James George Frazer, The Golden Bough, volume 3, page 268:

(intransitive) To be gathered together for parade, inspection, exercise, or the like (especially of a military force); to come together as parts of a force or body.

(transitive, Australia, New Zealand) To gather or round up livestock.


nag

From Middle English nagg, nage, nagge (“horse, small riding horse, pony”), cognate with Dutch negge, neg (“horse”), German Nickel (“small horse”). Perhaps related to English neigh.

We used to lure the nags into the back of our truck with oats and sugar, then we'd drive back to town to this warehouse and inject the nags with small quantities of morphine I'd stolen.

2011, James Ellroy, Clandestine, →ISBN, page 245:


nag

nag (third-person singular simple present nags, present participle nagging, simple past and past participle nagged)

nags (present singular third-person)
nagging (participle present)
nagged (participle past)
nagged (past)

Probably from a North Germanic source; compare Swedish nagga (“to gnaw, grumble”), Danish nage (“to nag, bother”), Icelandic nagga (“to complain”).

I guess it happens all the time in crime stories where the detective suddenly remembers a bit of conversation that nags him in some way, then for some inexplicable reason, it's just right there in front of you, like a sign pointing 'here!

2010, John David Wells, Diamonds of Affection and Other Stories, →ISBN, page 100:

Sometimes I write because there is a question that nags at me, sometimes because there is a question that nags at other people.

2010, John Goldingay, Key Questions about Christian Faith: Old Testament Answers, →ISBN:

You are sleeping on your side in the bed in your flat, heavily embroiled in a dream which sucks and nags at you and makes no sense; an old primary school teacher is there and a cat you have to take to a supermarket; you are in a canoe.

2013, Ra Page, L.E. Yates, Ann Winter, Parenthesis: A New Generation in Short Fiction:

The notion that he forgot something nagged him the rest of the day.

To bother with persistent thoughts or memories.

But at night, around the uncertain edge of dreams, and when the wind nags, there are few whom an odd sound will not thrill

1999, Tim Parks, Adultery and Other Diversions, →ISBN:

When a breeze comes up and nags the surface, it sparkles like a gemstone.

We are well accustomed as we look out upon Nature at close range to see great creatures harrassed^([sic]) by little creatures. The lot of each big one seems to be in the keeping of some little one, which never quits it, nags it, stings it, wears it out, drives it desperate, makes life somewhat a burden to it and death somewhat a relief.

2014, James Lane Allen, The Last Christmas Tree: An Idyl of Immortality, →ISBN, page 8:

a nagging pain in his left knee

a nagging north wind

To bother or disturb persistently in any way.


nag

'That fellow is a nag.' 'Aye, the worst kind,' agreed Hamish, and then smiled, and at that smile, Miss Gunnery thawed even more.

2011, M.C. Beaton -, Death of a Nag, →ISBN:

When we see Wolfe struggling with many depictions of woman characters throughout the novel (the earlier ones being nags and white trash), we greatly admire the development of this living tribute to Aline Bernstein, a woman whom he ends up despising in his later life.

2014, Louise Hathaway, Nags, Sluts, and A Deep-Breasted Soulmate from the Shining City, →ISBN:

But, pchA has to produce more than awareness, always-on alerts/nags, or edu-tainment.

2015 -, Dwight McNeill, Using Person-Centered Health Analytics to Live Longer, →ISBN:

All that while there was a little nag going on at the back of his mind, which he strove to disregard. But it insisted on attention, and to get rid of it he put down his palette abruptly and got out his mustard-tin cash-box and counted his money.

1938, Norman Lindsay, Age of Consent, 1st Australian edition, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, published 1962, →OCLC, page 152:

During my lengthy aerobic strolls (which more or less served as a tool of meditation), that thought about “college” became a persistent nag.

2009, James Swift, How I Survived Three Years at a Two-Year Community College, →ISBN:

There are two ways to get rid of our nags. We can either use Ninja decision-making to turn them quickly into actions, stored in our second brain to be revisited when we have some time. Or we can simply just capture and collect the nag, knowing that our systems will ensure we return to it later.

2014, Graham Allcott, How to be a Productivity Ninja, →ISBN:

That feeling turned into a very persistent nag.

2016, Sarah Lowndes, The DIY Movement in Art, Music and Publishing, →ISBN:

A persistent, bothersome thought or worry.


nanny

Constantijn Huygens Jr.
Nanny (disambiguation)

(1795) It has often been assumed that the English term was originally a widespread child's word for "female adult other than mother" (compare Greek νάννα (nánna, “aunt”), nanna). See also Welsh nain (“grandmother”).
On the other hand, according to recent research of the Dutch historical linguists Hans Beelen and Nicoline van der Sijs (published in Onze Taal, September 2018), on which see also etymologiebank.nl, in Dutch), the term nanny (and the British colloquial nan for "grandmother") may actually be eponymous, viz. being originally an affective form (i.e. a hypocoristic) of the popular female name Anne. The Dutch statesman and scientist Constantijn Huygens Jr. made the following observation during one of his many sojourns in England (noted in his Journaal, dated 13 December 1692): "Yesterday I received 10lb of chocolate again, from niece Becker, and she had Nanny, her maid, bringing me the money that she had owed me" (Gisteren kreegh 10 ℔ choccolate wederom van nicht Becker, en had Nanny, haer meidt, geweest om mij 't geldt, dat van haer hebben most, te brengen). Beelen and van der Sijs therefore assumed that "since many female domestic servants were named "Nan" or "Nanny", the name became a sobriquet for the profession of "maid, childminder" in the 18ᵗʰ century". ("Omdat veel vrouwelijke huisbedienden in het Engels de voornaam Nan of Nanny hadden, verschoof de betekenis in de achttiende eeuw naar die van een beroepsaanduiding: ‘meid, kindermeisje’")

onomatopoeic

child's word

Breeding is a consuming goal, and the ascendance of the sex drive is nearly as apparent in the behavior of a mountain goat billy. So given over is he to following and defending a succession of nannies as he searches for one in heat (estrus), he loses interest in food altogether; […]

1983, Douglas H. Chadwick, A Beast the Color of Winter: The Mountain Goat Observed, Bison Books, published 2002, →ISBN, page 159:

Nannies and billies look very similar, both having dangerously sharp, curved black horns.

2005, Richard Cannings, The Rockies: A Natural History, Greystone Books, published 2005, →ISBN, page 103:

A farmer friend keeps a video camera in the barn so she can turn on her goat cam and observe her animals at any time of the day or night. A baby monitor picks up the sounds of a nanny when she goes into labor—if the nanny is one who changes the usual pitch of her voice or nervously bleats during kidding.

2013, Janet Hurst, The Whole Goat Handbook: Recipes, Cheese, Soap, Crafts & More, Voyageur Press, published 2013, →ISBN, page 28:


neat

en-adj

neat (comparative neater, superlative neatest)

neater (comparative)
neatest (superlative)

on the rocks

antonym(s) of “undiluted liquor or cocktail”

From Middle English nete, net, nette, from Anglo-Norman neit (“good, desirable, clean”), a variant of Old French net, nette (“clean, clear, pure”), from Latin nitidus (“gleaming”), derived from nitēre (“to shine”). Doublet of net and nitid. Cognate with German nett (“nice, kind”).

der

My room is neat because I tidied it this morning.  She has very neat hair.

Then his sallow face brightened, for the hall had been carefully furnished, and was very clean. ¶ There was a neat hat-and-umbrella stand, and the stranger's weary feet fell soft on a good, serviceable dark-red drugget, which matched in colour the flock-paper on the walls.

1913, Mrs. [Marie] Belloc Lowndes, chapter II, in The Lodger, London: Methuen, →OCLC; republished in Novels of Mystery: The Lodger; The Story of Ivy; What Really Happened, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green and Co., […], [1933], →OCLC, page 0091:

A very neat old woman, still in her good outdoor coat and best beehive hat, was sitting at a polished mahogany table on whose surface there were several scored scratches so deep that a triangular piece of the veneer had come cleanly away,[…].

1963, Margery Allingham, “Foreword”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

Clean, tidy; free from dirt or impurities.


neat

artificial intelligence
artificial intelligence

(informal) An artificial intelligence researcher who believes that solutions should be elegant, clear and provably correct. Compare scruffy.


neat

From Middle English nete, neat, from Old English nēat (“animal, beast, ox, cow, cattle”), from Proto-West Germanic *naut, from Proto-Germanic *nautą (“foredeal, profit, property, livestock”), from Proto-Indo-European *newd- (“to acquire, make use of”). Cognate with Dutch noot (“cow, cattle”, in compounds), dialectal German Noß (“livestock”), Alemannic German Nooss (“young sheep or goat”), Swedish nöt (“cattle”), Icelandic naut (“cattle, bull”) and Faroese neyt (“cattle”). More at note.

cog

From thence into the open fields he fled, / Whereas the Heardes were keeping of their neat / And shepheards singing to their flockes, that fed,

1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book VI, Canto IX”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, page 467:

And yet the steer, the heifer, and the calf / Are all call’d neat.

c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:

There on a Hillock thou mayſt ſing / Unto a handſome Shepardling; / Or to a Girle (that keeps the Neat) / VVith breath more ſvveet then Violet.

1648, Robert Herrick, “To his Muse”, in Hesperides: Or, The Works both Humane & Divine […], London: […] John Williams, and Francis Eglesfield, and are to be sold by Tho[mas] Hunt, […], →OCLC, page 2:


neb

From Middle English neb, from Old English nebb (“beak, nose, face”), from Proto-Germanic *nabją (“beak, nose”). Cognate with Danish næb, Dutch neb, German Schnabel, Old Norse nef, Swedish näbb, Swedish regional näv.

(now dialectal) The nose or snout of an animal, now especially of a fish.

In Acorns the nebb dilating splitteth the two sides, which sometimes lye whole, when the Oak is sproated two handfuls.

1658, Sir Thomas Browne, The Garden of Cyrus, Folio Society, published 2007, page 183:

(now dialectal) A projecting extremity; a point or sharp projection.


overreach

en-verb

overreach (third-person singular simple present overreaches, present participle overreaching, simple past and past participle overreached or (obsolete) overraught)

overreaches (present singular third-person)
overreaching (participle present)
overreached (participle past)
overreached (past)
overraught (obsolete participle past)
overraught (obsolete past)

/ˌəʊvəˈɹiːt͡ʃ/

/ˌoʊvə(ɹ)ˈɹit͡ʃ/

The verb is from Middle English overrechen (“to rise above; to extend beyond or over; to encroach; to catch, overtake; to reach; to obtain wrongfully (?); to take up (a book) to revise it”) [and other forms], equivalent to over- + reach; the noun is derived from the verb or from the phrase to reach over.

nb...

overreche, overreiche, (Northern England) overreke

أَنَافَ

to reach above or beyond, especially to an excessive degree

Attinto, [...] Alſo when a horſe is tainted or hurt, or ouerreacheth one foote with another, and withal doth hurt a ſinew.

1598, John Florio, “Attinto”, in A Worlde of Words, or Most Copious, and Exact Dictionarie in Italian and English, […], London: […] Arnold Hatfield for Edw[ard] Blount, →OCLC, page 32, column 3:

Defective or bad form will predispose a horse to overreach. Bad shoeing will also be liable to cause the hind-foot to catch the forward one.

1864, John Nicholson Navin, “Vices of the Horse”, in Navin’s Veterinary Practice: Or Explanatory Horse Doctor. […], Indianapolis, Ind.: Published for the author; stereotyped at the Franklin Type Foundry, […], →OCLC, division I, page 287:

(transitive, intransitive, reflexive, equestrianism) Of a horse: to strike the heel of a forefoot with the toe of a hindfoot.


overreach

en-noun

overreach (countable and uncountable, plural overreaches)

/ˈəʊvə(ˌ)ɹiːt͡ʃ/

/ˈoʊvə(ɹ)ˌɹit͡ʃ/

The hunter's [i.e., hunting horse's] legs should be washed with warm water, carefully examined for thorns, overreaches, &c., and the legs should be rubbed dry, and well hand rubbed, by which means a free circulation of the blood will be promoted.

1833 April, “Teaching the Horse to Leap”, in T. B. Johnson, editor, The Sportsman’s Cabinet, and Town and Country Magazine, volume I, number 6, London: Published by Sherwood, Gilbert, & Piper, […], →OCLC, page 424:

Overreach.—This unpleasant noise, known also by the terms ‘clicking’, ‘overreach’, &c., arises from the toe of the hind foot knocking against the shoe of the fore foot.

1833 October, “Art. LXVI.—The Vices, and Disagreeable or Dangerous Habits of the Horse. [From the Library of Useful Knowledge.]”, in John D. Legare, editor, The Southern Agriculturist, and Register of Rural Affairs; […], volume VI, number 10, Charleston, S.C.: Printed and published for the editor, by A. E. Miller, […], →OCLC, part II (Selections), page 547:

(equestrianism) Of a horse: an act of striking the heel of a forefoot with the toe of a hindfoot; an injury caused by this action.


reefer

reefer (countable and uncountable, plural reefers)

Uncertain. Perhaps from Mexican Spanish grifa (“cannabis”) or Central American Spanish grifo (“someone who smokes cannabis”).

Daddy I don't want to go to school because the teacher's a jerk, he must think I'm a fool and all the kids smoke reefer, I think it'd be cheaper if I just got a job learned to be a street sweeper.

1982, Edward G. Fletcher, Melle Mel (lyrics and music), “The Message”, in The Message, performed by Grandmaster Flash:

As time went on and I smoked more reefer, I began to spend more time with other dope smokers, reminiscing on how good the sixties were, rather than actually participating in the current political movements.

1984 April 7, N.B., “Chemical Dependency in the Gay Community”, in Gay Community News, page 5:


reeve

From Middle English reve, from Old English rēfa, an aphetism of ġerēfa (also groefa), from Proto-West Germanic *garāfijō (“officer, official”). Compare Danish greve, Swedish greve, Dutch graaf, German Graf.
The role, and eventually the word, was mostly replaced by bailiff, of Anglo-Norman origin.

inh

A list of new titles was manufactured as follows: Ensign, Lieutenant, Flight-Leader, Squadron-Leader, Reeve, Banneret, Fourth-Ardian, Third-Ardian, Second-Ardian, Ardian, Air Marshal. […] “Reeve”, perhaps, savoured a little too much of legal authority.

1936, The Periodical, volumes 21-22, Oxford University Press, page 67:

(military, historical) The holder of a proposed but unadopted commissioned rank of the Royal Air Force, equivalent to wing commander.


reeve

Variant of dialectal ree, but of obscure ultimate origin.

A female of the species Philomachus pugnax, a highly gregarious, medium-sized wading bird of Eurasia; the male is a ruff.


rout

en-noun

rout (countable and uncountable, plural routs)

The noun is derived from Middle English rout, route (“group of people associated with one another, company; entourage, retinue; army; group of soldiers; group of pirates; large number of people, crowd; throng; group of disreputable people, mob; riot; group of animals; group of objects; proper condition or manner”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman route, rute, Middle French rote, route, Old French rote, route, rute (“group of people, company; group of armed people; group of criminals; group of cattle”) (modern French route (obsolete)), from Latin rupta (compare Late Latin ruta, rutta (“group of marauders; riot; unlawful assembly”)), the feminine of ruptus (“broken; burst, ruptured”), the perfect passive participle of rumpō (“to break, burst, rupture, tear; to force open; (figurative) to annul; to destroy; to interrupt”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *Hrewp- (“to break; to tear (up)”). The English word is a doublet of route.
The verb is derived from Middle English routen (“to assemble, congregate; of animals: to herd together; to regroup, make a stand against; to be riotous, to riot”) [and other forms], from rout, route (noun); see above.

nb...

rote, rought, roughte, rouht, routh, routhte, routt, routte, rouwte, rouʒt, rouʒte, rovte, rowt, rowte, rowth, rowthte, rowtt, rowtte, rowȝt, ruth, rutte, (West Midlands) roite, (Northern England) rutte, ruth, (chiefly Northern England, early Middle English) rut, rute

nb...

route, rowte, (Northern England) rute, (Late Middle English) rouȝt

(countable, archaic) A group of animals, especially one which is lively or unruly, or made up of wild animals such as wolves; a flock, a herd, a pack.


rout

en-verb

rout (third-person singular simple present routs, present participle routing, simple past and past participle routed)

routs (present singular third-person)
routing (participle present)
routed (participle past)
routed (past)

A variant of wrout, itself a variant of wroot (“to search or root in the ground”) (obsolete), from Middle English wroten (“to search or root in the ground; of a person: to dig earth; of a worm: to slither, wriggle; to corrode; of a worm: to irritate by biting the skin; to destroy (a fortification) by digging or mining”) [and other forms] (whence root), from Old English wrōtan (“to root up or rummage with the snout”). from Proto-West Germanic *wrōtan, from Proto-Germanic *wrōtaną (“to dig with the nose or snout, to root”); further etymology uncertain, perhaps related to Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds (“a root”), cf. English wort, English root .

nb...

vrote, wroote, wrot, wrote, wrothe, wrotyn, (Scotland) wrotte

inh

Nevertheless, he was always stimulated by Winsett, and whenever he caught sight of the journalist's lean bearded face and melancholy eyes he would rout him out of his corner and carry him off for a long talk.

1920, Edith Wharton, chapter XIV, in The Age of Innocence, New York, N.Y.; London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC, book I, page 122:

(transitive, chiefly US) Usually followed by from: to compel (someone) to leave a place; specifically (usually followed by out or up), to cause (someone) to get out of bed.


rout

Possibly a variant of root (“to dig or pull out by the roots; to abolish, exterminate, root out”), from Middle English wroten; see further at etymology 5. Some recent uses are difficult to tell apart from rout (“of an animal, especially a pig: to search (for something) in the ground with the snout; to search for and find (something)”).

(transitive) Usually followed by out or up: to dig or pull up (a plant) by the roots; to extirpate, to uproot.

(transitive, figurative) Usually followed by out: to find and eradicate (something harmful or undesirable); to root out.


route

→ Japanese: ルート

From Middle English route, from Old French route, from Latin [rupta] via (literally “a path made by force”). Compare Modern French route.

der

(horse racing) A race longer than one mile.


shabby

en-adj

shabby (comparative shabbier, superlative shabbiest)

shabbier (comparative)
shabbiest (superlative)

The adjective is derived from shab (“(obsolete except UK, dialectal) scaly skin disease; skin disease of sheep; crust forming over wound, scab”) + -y (suffix meaning ‘having the quality of’ forming adjectives).
The verb is derived from the adjective.
Cognates
* Dutch schabbig (“poor, needy, shabby”)
* Middle High German schebic (modern German schäbig (“shabby”))
* Middle Low German schabbich (“miserable”) (modern Low German schabbig, schäbbig)
* Scots shabby (“in poor health, ill”)
* Swedish sjabbig (“shabby, mangy, scruffy”), skabbig (“scabby”)

hääppöinen

poor in quality; showing little effort or talent

(often in the negative) Poor in quality; also, showing little effort or talent.

(UK, dialectal, veterinary medicine) Chiefly of sheep: affected by shab or scab (“a skin disease”); scabby.


shell

From Middle English schelle, from Old English sċiell, from Proto-West Germanic *skallju, from Proto-Germanic *skaljō, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to split, cleave”).
Compare West Frisian skyl (“peel, rind”), Dutch schil (“peel, skin, rink”), Low German Schell (“shell, scale”), Irish scelec (“pebble”), Old Church Slavonic сколика (skolika, “shell”). More at shale.
Doublet of sheal.
* (computing): From being viewed as an outer layer of interface between the user and the operating-system internals.

cog

A shell corporation was formed to acquire the old factory.

(business) A legal entity that has no operations.

skořápka

business: legal entity that has no operations


snout

From Middle English snowte, snoute, from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German snute (alternatively spelled snuut, snuyt), from Proto-West Germanic *snūt, from Proto-Germanic *snūtaz.
Compare Saterland Frisian Snuute, Dutch snuit or snoet (“snout; cute face”), German Schnauze, Schnute. Doublet of snoot.

морон

anterior prolongation of head of weevil and other insects

(Bob, p. 55:) Charlie was the most vicious screw on the block ... He caught me with the two ounces of snout right in my hand, caught me by the hair, and swung me round in the exercise yard ...
(Spider, p. 175:) She brings me snout and sweets, and sometimes a cake from Mum.

LIZ. I only got one left. / FRED (calls). Get us some snout. / MIKE. Five or ten?

Also he was "doing his nut" for some "snout." I said I would provide cigarettes.

2000, Joe Randolph Ackerley, P N Furbank, We Think the World of You:

Raymond rolled a neat cigarette. "What about some snout, then?" "No, thanks." He laughed. Smoke drifted from his open mouth.

2004, Allan Sillitoe, New and Collected Stories:


souse

From Middle English souse (“to salt pickle”) also a noun (“liquid for pickling,” “pickled pig parts”), from Old French sous (“preserved in salt”), from Frankish *sultija (“saltwater, brine”), from Proto-Germanic *sultijō (“saltwater, brine”). Cognate with Old Saxon sultia (“saltwater”), Old High German sulza (“brine”).

der

Something kept or steeped in brine.
The pickled ears, feet, etc., of swine.
(US, Appalachia) Pickled scrapple.

Something kept or steeped in brine.
The pickled ears, feet, etc., of swine.
Pickled scrapple.

Something kept or steeped in brine.
A pickle made with salt.

The act of sousing; a plunging into water.


souse

First appeared online during the Bush administration.

Pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling

(US, Internet slang) Pronunciation spelling of source.


sprite

→ Japanese: スプライト (supuraito)

→ Russian: спрайт (sprajt)

From Middle English sprite, spryt, spreyte, from Old French esprit (“spirit”), from Latin spiritus. Doublet of spirit, spiritus, spirytus, spright, and esprit.
(computer graphics): First used by Danny Hillis at Texas Instruments in the late 1970s.
(meteorology): An acronym for Stratospheric Perturbations Resulting from Intense Thunderstorm Electrification.


stag

en-noun

stag (countable and uncountable, plural stags)

From Middle English stagge, steg, from Old English stagga, stacga (“a stag”) and Old Norse steggi, steggr (“a male animal”), both from Proto-Germanic *staggijô, *staggijaz (“male, male deer, porcupine”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *stegʰ-, *stengʰ- (“to sting; rod, blade; sharp, stiff”). Cognate with Icelandic steggi, steggur (“tomcat, male fox”). Related to staggard, staggon.

Coordinate term: knobber (sometimes hyponymous)

(countable) An adult male deer, especially a red deer and especially one in high adulthood versus a young adult.

a stag dance; a stag party; a stag bar

(countable, usually attributive) An unmarried man; a bachelor; a man not accompanying a woman at a social event.

The stag will be held in the hotel's ballroom.

(countable) A social event for men held in honor of a groom on the eve of his wedding, attended by male friends of the groom; sometimes a fundraiser.


stagger

From Middle English stageren, stakeren, from Old Norse stakra (“to push, stagger”). Cognate with dialectal Danish stagre.

parasitic staggers

apoplectic or sleepy staggers

(veterinary medicine) A disease of horses and other animals, attended by reeling, unsteady gait or sudden falling.


track

→ Kashubian: trak (Canada)

From Middle English trak, tracke, from Old French trac (“track of horses, trail, trace”), of uncertain origin. Likely from a Germanic source, either Old Norse traðk ("a track; path; trodden spot"; > Icelandic traðk (“a track; path; tread”), Faroese traðk (“track; tracks”), Norwegian tråkke (“to trample”)) or from Middle Dutch trec, *trac, treck ("line, row, series"; > Dutch trek (“a draft; feature; trait; groove; expedition”)), German Low German Treck (“a draught; movement; passage; flow”). See tread, trek.

gloss

"line, row, series"; > Dutch <i class="Latn mention" lang="nl">trek</i> (“a draft; feature; trait; groove; expedition”)

cog

Follow the track for a hundred metres.

caterpillar track
caterpillar track#English

(automotive) Short for caterpillar track.


unsound

en-adj

unsound (comparative more unsound or unsounder, superlative most unsound or unsoundest)

more unsound (comparative)
unsounder (comparative)
most unsound (superlative)
unsoundest (superlative)

... A horse labouring under a temporary injury, capable of being speedily cured, is not unsound within the meaning of a warranty of soundness ...

1822, Sir John Comyns, Anthony Hammond, A Digest of the Laws of England:

(especially of equestrianism) Infirm, diseased.


veal

en-noun

veal (countable and uncountable, plural veals)

From Middle English veel, from Anglo-Norman veel, from Latin vitellus, diminutive of vitulus (“calf”). Doublet of vitellus.

The flesh of a calf (i.e. a young bovine) used for food.


weed

weed (countable and uncountable, plural weeds)

From Middle English weed, weod, from Old English wēod (“weed”), from Proto-West Germanic *weud (“weed”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Jood (“weed”), West Frisian wjûd (“weed”), Dutch wied (“unwanted plant, weed”), German Low German Weed (“weed”), Old High German wiota (“fern”). See also woad.

And I predict you will laugh harder than ever. I’m not saying I’m any funnier. I’m saying weed is now legal in D.C.

2015 March 14, Barack Obama, Remarks by the President at the 2015 Gridiron Dinner:

A drug or the like made from the leaves of a plant.


ringer

Some senses may derive from ring the changes (“run through variations; enliven; pass counterfeit money; trick a shopkeeper into giving too much change”).

(horse racing) A horse fraudulently entered in a race using the name of another horse.


mai

For the connection between "first part of the day" and "day after this one", compare Germanic equivalents such as English morn(ning) and morrow, Dutch morgen, Romance ones such as French demain and Italian domani, and Japanese 明日 and 朝 (ashita).

(colloquial) Short for ngày mai (“tomorrow”).


mai

vi-noun

(classifier cây, bông, hoa) mai • (枚, 梅)

cây (classifier)
bông (classifier)
hoa (classifier)
枚 (CJK)
梅 (CJK)

Sino-Vietnamese word from 梅 (“Chinese plum”).

vi-etym-sino

1999, Lê Trung Vũ and Lê Hồng Lý, Lễ hội Việt Nam, Văn hoá Thông tin, page 357

In times of old, the ceremony of selecting Imperial Examination laureates was organized in spring, to coincide with the blooming of the apricot trees.

Ngày xưa kỳ thi Hội chọn lấy đỗ Tiến sĩ được tổ chức vào mùa xuân, cùng với dịp hoa mai nở.

Ochna integerrima, a tree species (sometimes shrub) of the family Ochnaceae, sometimes called apricot in English


paddle

en-noun

paddle (countable and uncountable, plural paddles)

→ Danish: paddel, padle

Partly from the verb paddle ("to splash, dabble"; see below) and partly from Middle English padell (“small spade”).
Middle English padell is from Medieval Latin padela, itself of uncertain origin: perhaps an alteration of Middle English *spaddle (see also spaddle), a diminutive of spade; or from Latin patella (“pan, plate”), the diminutive of patina, or a merger of the two. Compare Ancient Greek πηδάλιον (pēdálion, “rudder, steering oar”), derived from πηδός (pēdós, “the blade of an oar; an oar”).

cog

A sea turtle's paddles make it swim almost as fast as land tortoises are slow.

A flat limb of an aquatic animal, adapted for swimming.


paddle

en-verb

paddle (third-person singular simple present paddles, present participle paddling, simple past and past participle paddled)

paddles (present singular third-person)
paddling (participle present)
paddled (participle past)
paddled (past)


babi

→ Dutch: babi

From Malay babi, from Proto-Malayic *babi, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *babuy, from Proto-Austronesian *babuy. Doublet of bagong.


babi

From Proto-Philippine *babuy, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *babuy, from Proto-Austronesian *babuy. Compare Tagalog baboy.


babi

From Proto-Batak *babuy, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *babuy, from Proto-Austronesian *babuy.


babi

ms-noun

babi (Jawi spelling بابي, plural babi-babi, informal 1st possessive babiku, 2nd possessive babimu, 3rd possessive babinya)

بابي (Jawi)
babi-babi (plural)
babiku (first-person informal possessive)
babimu (possessive second-person)
babinya (possessive third-person)

Baba Malay: babi

Indonesian: babi
→ Dutch: babi

From Proto-Malayic *babi, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *babuy, from Proto-Austronesian *babuy.


apin

nl-noun

apin f (plural apinnen, diminutive apinnetje n, masculine aap)

apinnen (plural)
apinnetje (diminutive neuter)
aap (masculine)

From aap (“monkey, ape”) + -in (feminine suffix).


vitello

→ Ottoman Turkish: ودله (vedela)

From Latin vitellus. Compare Romanian vițel, French veau, Catalan vedella .


surfer

→ Japanese: サーファー (sāfā)

Melanitta perspicillata
Melanitta perspicillata#Translingual

(obsolete) A duck, the surf scoter (Melanitta perspicillata).


pomace

en-noun

pomace (countable and uncountable, plural pomaces)

[Alt: Red grape flesh and seeds]
From Late Middle English pomis, pomys (“cider; pulp of plants pressed to extract their juice or oil”), probably from Medieval Latin pōmācium, pōmātium (“cider”), possibly a variant of pomaceum (although first attested later), from Latin pōmum (“fruit; fruit tree”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“away; off”) + *h₁em- (“to take”), in the sense of something taken off a tree) + -āceum (neuter form of -āceus (suffix meaning ‘belonging to; having the nature of’, forming adjectives)). Doublet of pomade, pomate, and pomatum.
Sense 1.1 (“crushed apples”) and sense 1.2 (“residue from grapes”) were possibly influenced by Middle French pommage (“(cidermaking) apple harvest; apple orchards”) and French poma, pomas, pomat (“residue from apples”) (Northern France).

bërsi

Sovv, as yet, Pomace of Cider-preſſings to raiſe Nurſeries; and ſet all ſorts of Kernels, Stones, &c.

1664, J[ohn] E[velyn], “Kalendarium Hortense: Or, The Gard’ners Almanac; […] [December.]”, in Sylva, or A Discourse of Forest-trees and the Propagation of Timber in His Majesties Dominions. […], London: […] Jo[hn] Martyn, and Ja[mes] Allestry, printers to the Royal Society, […], →OCLC, page 80:

Next to the VVhite is the Black Thorne and the Crab, vvhich make a very good Fence, and is raiſed as the VVhite Thorne, only if you ſovv the Pummace vvith them, they vvill come up the firſt Year.

1708, J[ohn] Mortimer, “Of Inclosing of Land”, in The Whole Art of Husbandry; or, The Way of Managing and Improving of Land. […], 2nd edition, London: […] J[ohn] H[umphreys] for H[enry] Mortlock […], and J[onathan] Robinson […], →OCLC, book I, page 3:

The pulp or pulplike matter remaining from a substance pressed to extract its juice or oil.

(historical) Such residue (especially castor bean cake or fish scrap) used as fertilizer.


black sheep

He always was the black sheep in the family, as an artist among doctors and lawyers.

(idiomatic) A nonconformist; an unusual or unconventional person, who may be rejected or disdained by others for this reason.

бе́лая воро́на f (bélaja voróna, literally “white crow”)


babiroussa

From French babiroussa, from Malay babi rusa (“babiroussa, deer hog”).

der

Any large hoglike quadruped, of the genus Babyrousa, found in the East Indies, sometimes domesticated, with its upper canine teeth or tusks large and recurved.


babiroussa

Borrowed from Malay babi rusa (“babiroussa, deer hog”).


fol

head

fol (definite accusative folu, plural follar)

folu (accusative definite)
follar (plural)
fol (nominative singular)
follar (nominative plural)
folu (accusative definite singular)
folları (accusative definite plural)
fola (dative singular)
follara (dative plural)
folda (locative singular)
follarda (locative plural)
foldan (ablative singular)
follardan (ablative plural)
folun (genitive singular)
folların (genitive plural)
folum (first-person nominative singular)
follarım (first-person nominative singular)
folun (nominative second-person singular)
folların (nominative second-person singular)
folu (nominative singular third-person)
folları (nominative singular third-person)
folumuz (first-person nominative plural)
follarımız (first-person nominative plural)
folunuz (nominative plural second-person)
follarınız (nominative plural second-person)
folları (nominative plural third-person)
folumu (accusative definite first-person singular)
follarımı (accusative definite first-person singular)
folunu (accusative definite second-person singular)
follarını (accusative definite second-person singular)
folunu (accusative definite singular third-person)
follarını (accusative definite singular third-person)
folumuzu (accusative definite first-person plural)
follarımızı (accusative definite first-person plural)
folunuzu (accusative definite plural second-person)
follarınızı (accusative definite plural second-person)
follarını (accusative definite plural third-person)
foluma (dative first-person singular)
follarıma (dative first-person singular)
foluna (dative second-person singular)
follarına (dative second-person singular)
foluna (dative singular third-person)
follarına (dative singular third-person)
folumuza (dative first-person plural)
follarımıza (dative first-person plural)
folunuza (dative plural second-person)
follarınıza (dative plural second-person)
follarına (dative plural third-person)
folumda (first-person locative singular)
follarımda (first-person locative singular)
folunda (locative second-person singular)
follarında (locative second-person singular)
folunda (locative singular third-person)
follarında (locative singular third-person)
folumuzda (first-person locative plural)
follarımızda (first-person locative plural)
folunuzda (locative plural second-person)
follarınızda (locative plural second-person)
follarında (locative plural third-person)
folumdan (ablative first-person singular)
follarımdan (ablative first-person singular)
folundan (ablative second-person singular)
follarından (ablative second-person singular)
folundan (ablative singular third-person)
follarından (ablative singular third-person)
folumuzdan (ablative first-person plural)
follarımızdan (ablative first-person plural)
folunuzdan (ablative plural second-person)
follarınızdan (ablative plural second-person)
follarından (ablative plural third-person)
folumun (first-person genitive singular)
follarımın (first-person genitive singular)
folunun (genitive second-person singular)
follarının (genitive second-person singular)
folunun (genitive singular third-person)
follarının (genitive singular third-person)
folumuzun (first-person genitive plural)
follarımızın (first-person genitive plural)
folunuzun (genitive plural second-person)
follarınızın (genitive plural second-person)
follarının (genitive plural third-person)

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish فول (fol, “a nest-egg”), from Greek φώλι (fóli, “the act or place of incubation, nest”), from Ancient Greek φωλεός (phōleós, “den, animal burrow”).

der

(colloquial) An egg or egg-shaped object placed at a spot for a hen to lay her eggs there; a nest egg.

fol yok yumurta yok

don't count your chickens before they hatch


Ferkel

de-noun

Ferkel n (strong, genitive Ferkels, plural Ferkel, diminutive Ferkelchen n or Ferklein n)

Ferkels (genitive)
Ferkel (plural)
Ferkelchen (diminutive neuter)
Ferklein (diminutive neuter)
Ferkel (nominative singular)
Ferkel (definite nominative plural)
Ferkels (genitive singular)
Ferkel (definite genitive plural)
Ferkel (dative singular)
Ferkeln (dative definite plural)
Ferkel (accusative singular)
Ferkel (accusative definite plural)

From Middle High German verhelīn, from Old High German farhilī, farhilīn, diminutive of farah (“pig”), from Proto-Germanic *farhaz, whence English farrow.
The -k- has been explained as an irregular fortition of -h-, which would be plausible if the form were of Upper German origin, where -h- was strong and where there was dialectal variation between -rch- and -rk-. However, Middle High German verkelen is first found in West Central German along the Rhine, where stem-internal -h- had been lost early on (compare accordingly Middle High German verlīn). It therefore seems at least equally probable that the -k- is due to influence by a related Rhenish word for “pig, piglet”, still found today in Ripuarian Ferke, which goes back to a Frankish *far(i)kīn (compare Old Dutch farkīn, ferkīn, whence modern Dutch varken), from Proto-Germanic *farhikīną, another diminutive of *farhaz.

(derogatory) a dirty or contemptible person


porsas

porsas (nominative singular)
porsaat (nominative plural)
porsas (accusative nominative singular)
porsaat (accusative nominative plural)
porsaan (accusative genitive singular)
porsaat (accusative genitive plural)
porsaan (genitive singular)
porsaiden (genitive plural)
porsaitten (genitive plural)
porsasten (genitive plural rare)
porsasta (partitive singular)
porsaita (partitive plural)
porsaassa (inessive singular)
porsaissa (inessive plural)
porsaasta (elative singular)
porsaista (elative plural)
porsaaseen (illative singular)
porsaisiin (illative plural)
porsaihin (illative plural rare)
porsaalla (adessive singular)
porsailla (adessive plural)
porsaalta (ablative singular)
porsailta (ablative plural)
porsaalle (allative singular)
porsaille (allative plural)
porsaana (essive singular)
porsaina (essive plural)
porsaaksi (singular translative)
porsaiksi (plural translative)
porsaatta (abessive singular)
porsaitta (abessive plural)
porsain (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
porsaani (nominative singular)
porsaani (nominative plural)
porsaani (accusative nominative singular)
porsaani (accusative nominative plural)
porsaani (accusative genitive singular)
porsaani (accusative genitive plural)
porsaani (genitive singular)
porsaideni (genitive plural)
porsaitteni (genitive plural)
porsasteni (genitive plural rare)
porsastani (partitive singular)
porsaitani (partitive plural)
porsaassani (inessive singular)
porsaissani (inessive plural)
porsaastani (elative singular)
porsaistani (elative plural)
porsaaseeni (illative singular)
porsaisiini (illative plural)
porsaihini (illative plural rare)
porsaallani (adessive singular)
porsaillani (adessive plural)
porsaaltani (ablative singular)
porsailtani (ablative plural)
porsaalleni (allative singular)
porsailleni (allative plural)
porsaanani (essive singular)
porsainani (essive plural)
porsaakseni (singular translative)
porsaikseni (plural translative)
porsaattani (abessive singular)
porsaittani (abessive plural)
porsaineni (comitative plural)
porsaasi (nominative singular)
porsaasi (nominative plural)
porsaasi (accusative nominative singular)
porsaasi (accusative nominative plural)
porsaasi (accusative genitive singular)
porsaasi (accusative genitive plural)
porsaasi (genitive singular)
porsaidesi (genitive plural)
porsaittesi (genitive plural)
porsastesi (genitive plural rare)
porsastasi (partitive singular)
porsaitasi (partitive plural)
porsaassasi (inessive singular)
porsaissasi (inessive plural)
porsaastasi (elative singular)
porsaistasi (elative plural)
porsaaseesi (illative singular)
porsaisiisi (illative plural)
porsaihisi (illative plural rare)
porsaallasi (adessive singular)
porsaillasi (adessive plural)
porsaaltasi (ablative singular)
porsailtasi (ablative plural)
porsaallesi (allative singular)
porsaillesi (allative plural)
porsaanasi (essive singular)
porsainasi (essive plural)
porsaaksesi (singular translative)
porsaiksesi (plural translative)
porsaattasi (abessive singular)
porsaittasi (abessive plural)
porsainesi (comitative plural)
porsaamme (nominative singular)
porsaamme (nominative plural)
porsaamme (accusative nominative singular)
porsaamme (accusative nominative plural)
porsaamme (accusative genitive singular)
porsaamme (accusative genitive plural)
porsaamme (genitive singular)
porsaidemme (genitive plural)
porsaittemme (genitive plural)
porsastemme (genitive plural rare)
porsastamme (partitive singular)
porsaitamme (partitive plural)
porsaassamme (inessive singular)
porsaissamme (inessive plural)
porsaastamme (elative singular)
porsaistamme (elative plural)
porsaaseemme (illative singular)
porsaisiimme (illative plural)
porsaihimme (illative plural rare)
porsaallamme (adessive singular)
porsaillamme (adessive plural)
porsaaltamme (ablative singular)
porsailtamme (ablative plural)
porsaallemme (allative singular)
porsaillemme (allative plural)
porsaanamme (essive singular)
porsainamme (essive plural)
porsaaksemme (singular translative)
porsaiksemme (plural translative)
porsaattamme (abessive singular)
porsaittamme (abessive plural)
porsainemme (comitative plural)
porsaanne (nominative singular)
porsaanne (nominative plural)
porsaanne (accusative nominative singular)
porsaanne (accusative nominative plural)
porsaanne (accusative genitive singular)
porsaanne (accusative genitive plural)
porsaanne (genitive singular)
porsaidenne (genitive plural)
porsaittenne (genitive plural)
porsastenne (genitive plural rare)
porsastanne (partitive singular)
porsaitanne (partitive plural)
porsaassanne (inessive singular)
porsaissanne (inessive plural)
porsaastanne (elative singular)
porsaistanne (elative plural)
porsaaseenne (illative singular)
porsaisiinne (illative plural)
porsaihinne (illative plural rare)
porsaallanne (adessive singular)
porsaillanne (adessive plural)
porsaaltanne (ablative singular)
porsailtanne (ablative plural)
porsaallenne (allative singular)
porsaillenne (allative plural)
porsaananne (essive singular)
porsainanne (essive plural)
porsaaksenne (singular translative)
porsaiksenne (plural translative)
porsaattanne (abessive singular)
porsaittanne (abessive plural)
porsainenne (comitative plural)
porsaansa (nominative singular)
porsaansa (nominative plural)
porsaansa (accusative nominative singular)
porsaansa (accusative nominative plural)
porsaansa (accusative genitive singular)
porsaansa (accusative genitive plural)
porsaansa (genitive singular)
porsaidensa (genitive plural)
porsaittensa (genitive plural)
porsastensa (genitive plural rare)
porsastaan (partitive singular)
porsastansa (partitive singular)
porsaitaan (partitive plural)
porsaitansa (partitive plural)
porsaassaan (inessive singular)
porsaassansa (inessive singular)
porsaissaan (inessive plural)
porsaissansa (inessive plural)
porsaastaan (elative singular)
porsaastansa (elative singular)
porsaistaan (elative plural)
porsaistansa (elative plural)
porsaaseensa (illative singular)
porsaisiinsa (illative plural)
porsaihinsa (illative plural rare)
porsaallaan (adessive singular)
porsaallansa (adessive singular)
porsaillaan (adessive plural)
porsaillansa (adessive plural)
porsaaltaan (ablative singular)
porsaaltansa (ablative singular)
porsailtaan (ablative plural)
porsailtansa (ablative plural)
porsaalleen (allative singular)
porsaallensa (allative singular)
porsailleen (allative plural)
porsaillensa (allative plural)
porsaanaan (essive singular)
porsaanansa (essive singular)
porsainaan (essive plural)
porsainansa (essive plural)
porsaakseen (singular translative)
porsaaksensa (singular translative)
porsaikseen (plural translative)
porsaiksensa (plural translative)
porsaattaan (abessive singular)
porsaattansa (abessive singular)
porsaittaan (abessive plural)
porsaittansa (abessive plural)
porsaineen (comitative plural)
porsainensa (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *porcas, from Proto-Finno-Permic *porćas, borrowed from a descendant of Proto-Indo-European *pórḱos (either Balto-Slavic or Indo-Iranian). Related to Erzya пурцос (purcos). Ultimately cognate with English pork.

(figuratively) pig (messy, slovenly, disgusting, or nasty person)


porsas

porsas (nominative singular)
porsaat (nominative plural)
porsaan (genitive singular)
porsain (genitive plural)
porsasta (partitive singular)
porsast (partitive singular)
porsaita (partitive plural)
porsaja (partitive plural)
porsaasse (illative singular)
porsaisse (illative plural)
porsaas (inessive singular)
porsais (inessive plural)
porsaast (elative singular)
porsaist (elative plural)
porsaalle (allative singular)
porsaille (allative plural)
porsaal (adessive singular)
porsail (adessive plural)
porsaalt (ablative singular)
porsailt (ablative plural)
porsaaks (singular translative)
porsaiks (plural translative)
porsaanna (essive singular)
porsaan (essive singular)
porsainna (essive plural)
porsain (essive plural)
porsaant (exessive singular)
porsaint (exessive plural)

[ˈpo̞rʒ̥ɑʒ̥]

From Proto-Finnic *porcas. Cognates include Finnish porsas and Estonian põrsas. Compare distantly related Russian поросёнок (porosjónok).


chine

From Middle English chyne, from Old French eschine, from Frankish *skinu, from Proto-Germanic *skinō. Doublet of shin.

A piece of the backbone of an animal, with the adjoining parts, cut for cooking.

(nautical) A sharp angle in the cross section of a hull.

The edge or rim of a cask, etc., formed by the projecting ends of the staves; the chamfered end of a stave.


chine

en-verb

chine (third-person singular simple present chines, present participle chining, simple past and past participle chined)

chines (present singular third-person)
chining (participle present)
chined (participle past)
chined (past)

(transitive) To cut through the backbone of; to cut into chine pieces.