matica

mȃtica (canonical feminine)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
mática (nominative singular)
mátici (dual nominative)
mátice (nominative plural)
mátice (genitive singular)
mátic (dual genitive)
mátic (genitive plural)
mátici (dative singular)
máticama (dative dual)
máticam (dative plural)
mático (accusative singular)
mátici (accusative dual)
mátice (accusative plural)
mátici (locative singular)
máticah (dual locative)
máticah (locative plural)
mático (instrumental singular)
máticama (dual instrumental)
máticami (instrumental plural)

home base (central unit of organisation)


carapace

Borrowed from French carapace (“tortoise shell”), from Spanish carapacho, of unknown origin, but likely from an extinct Ibero-Mediterranean substrate language.
Compare Catalan carabassa, Ancient Greek κάραβος (kárabos, “beetle”), Latin scarabaeus (the source of scarab); also Spanish galápago (“kind of turtle”). Doublet of calipash.

cog

A hard protective covering of bone or chitin, especially one which covers the dorsal portion of an animal.


capel

From Old Norse [Term?] (whence Icelandic kapall), from Latin caballus.

(obsolete) Alternative spelling of caple (horse)


capel

(mining) A composite stone (quartz, schorl, and hornblende) in the walls of tin and copper lodes.


kobyla

cs-noun

kobyla f (relational adjective kobylí, diminutive kobylka)

kobylí (adjective relational)
kobylka (diminutive)
kobyla (nominative singular)
kobyly (nominative plural)
kobyly (genitive singular)
kobyl (genitive plural)
kobyle (dative singular)
kobylám (dative plural)
kobylu (accusative singular)
kobyly (accusative plural)
kobylo (singular vocative)
kobyly (plural vocative)
kobyle (locative singular)
kobylách (locative plural)
kobylou (instrumental singular)
kobylami (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Old Czech kobyla, from Proto-Slavic *kobyla.


kobyla

sk-noun

kobyla f (relational adjective kobylí, diminutive kobylka or kobylôčka)

kobylí (adjective relational)
kobylka (diminutive)
kobylôčka (diminutive)
nominative
kobyla (singular)
kobyly (plural)
genitive
kobyly (singular)
kobýl (plural)
dative
kobyle (singular)
kobylám (plural)
accusative
kobylu (singular)
locative
kobylách (plural)
instrumental
kobylou (singular)
kobylami (plural)


pes

cs-noun

pes m anim (female equivalent psice or fena, relational adjective psí)

psice (feminine)
fena (feminine)
psí (adjective relational)
pes (nominative singular)
psi (nominative plural)
psa (genitive singular)
psů (genitive plural)
psovi (dative singular)
psu (dative singular)
psům (dative plural)
psa (accusative singular)
psy (accusative plural)
pse (singular vocative)
psi (plural vocative)
psovi (locative singular)
psu (locative singular)
psech (locative plural)
psem (instrumental singular)
psy (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Old Czech pes, from Proto-Slavic *pьsъ.

Coordinate term: fena f


pes

pə̏s (animate canonical masculine)
psíca (feminine)
pə̏s (nominative singular)
psȁ (dual nominative)
psȉ (nominative plural)
psȁ (genitive singular)
psȍv (dual genitive)
psóv (dual genitive)
psȍv (genitive plural)
psóv (genitive plural)
psȕ (dative singular)
psȉ (dative singular)
psȍma (dative dual)
psomȁ (dative dual)
psȍm (dative plural)
psȁ (accusative singular)
psȁ (accusative dual)
psȅ (accusative plural)
psȕ (locative singular)
psȉ (locative singular)
psȉh (dual locative)
psȉh (locative plural)
psȍm (instrumental singular)
psȍma (dual instrumental)
psomȁ (dual instrumental)
psȉ (instrumental plural)
pə̏s (singular vocative)
psȁ (dual vocative)
psȉ (plural vocative)
pə̏s (nominative singular)
psa (dual nominative)
psi (nominative plural)
psa (genitive singular)
psov (dual genitive)
psov (genitive plural)
psu (dative singular)
psi (dative singular)
psoma (dative dual)
psama (dative dual)
psom (dative plural)
psam (dative plural)
psa (accusative singular)
psa (accusative dual)
pse (accusative plural)
psu (locative singular)
psi (locative singular)
psih (dual locative)
psah (dual locative)
psih (locative plural)
psah (locative plural)
psom (instrumental singular)
psoma (dual instrumental)
psama (dual instrumental)
psi (instrumental plural)
pə̏s (singular vocative)
psa (dual vocative)
psi (plural vocative)

sl-infl-noun

vowel is only written in nominative singular

izgovor je dober, tudi če ga pes na repu prinese


baccy

en-noun

baccy (usually uncountable, plural baccies)

To the "Nut" then, with its dirty little smoking-room, clouded with fumes arising from baccies of every description; curling upwards from the short black Irish clay bowl, full of strong ship's baccy, as well as from the best of Havannahs […]

1882, Chums: A Tale of the Queen's Navy, volume 1, page 200:

No one ever see him down on his luck till this cussed fever took him, Our rations was often short, but it was share and share alike down to the last pipe o' baccy.

1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 168:

"I'll prove I can see you. You've got a pipe in your mouth." ¶ "Anyone that knows the smell of baccy could tell that," said Diggle.

1956, C. S. Lewis, chapter 13, in The Last Battle, Collins, published 1998:


saga

aa-noun

sagá f (masculine sagáytu, plural láa m)

sagá (canonical feminine)
sagáytu (masculine)
láa (masculine plural)
sagá (absolutive)
sagá (predicative)
sagá (subjective)
sagá (genitive)
sagál (l-case)
sagák (k-case)
sagát (t-case)
sagáh (h-case)

From Proto-Cushitic *ʃaac-. Cognates include Iraqw slee, Oromo sa'a, Sidamo saa, Somali sác and Saho saga.


beak

en-noun

beak (countable and uncountable, plural beaks)

From Middle English bec, borrowed from Anglo-Norman bec, Old French bec, from Latin beccus, from Gaulish *bekkos, from Proto-Celtic *bekkos (“beak, snout”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bak-, *baḱ- (“pointed stick, peg”). Cognate with Breton beg (“beak”). Compare Saterland Frisian Bäk (“mouth; muzzle; beak”); Dutch bek (“beak; bill; neb”).

cog

Shut your beak!

'Did you think that bloody question up by yourself, pal?' Seánie snapped, and the guy opened and closed his beak a few times — I suppose he must have been surprised that a priest would talk like that.

1998, Joseph O'Connor, The Salesman, London: Secker & Warburg, →ISBN, page 43:

Typical Yankee detractor, nize your beak.

2020 October 19, u/southsidejane, “How do we stop the violence in the city (Serious Answers only ) how do we make the different hoods in Toronto make amends and squash the beef.”, in Reddit, r/Torontology, archived from the original on 2024-01-08:

(slang)
(especially MTE) A person's mouth.


granny

The suitcase was old. The brown leather was battered and scuffed. Two hanks of clothesline had been wrapped around it and tied in large, clownish grannies.

1977, Stephen King, Children of the Corn:


kokot

dsb-noun

kokot m anim (feminine kokoš, diminutive kokotk)

kokoš (feminine)
kokotk (diminutive)
kokot (nominative singular)
kokota (dual nominative)
kokoty (nominative plural)
kokota (genitive singular)
kokotowu (dual genitive)
kokotow (genitive plural)
kokotoju (dative singular)
kokotoma (dative dual)
kokotam (dative plural)
kokota (accusative singular)
kokotowu (accusative dual)
kokoty (accusative plural)
kokotow (accusative plural)
kokotom (instrumental singular)
kokotoma (dual instrumental)
kokotami (instrumental plural)
kokośe (locative singular)
kokotoma (dual locative)
kokotach (locative plural)


kokot

kokotek (diminutive)
kokot (nominative singular)
kokoty (nominative plural)
kokota (genitive singular)
kokotów (genitive plural)
kokotowi (dative singular)
kokotom (dative plural)
kokota (accusative singular)
kokoty (accusative plural)
kokotem (instrumental singular)
kokotami (instrumental plural)
kokocie (locative singular)
kokotach (locative plural)
kokocie (singular vocative)
kokoty (plural vocative)

Alternative form: (dialectal) kokót

(archaic or dialectal, Kuyavia, Poznań, Central Greater Poland) rooster (male chicken)


founder

From Middle French fondrer (“send to the bottom”), from Latin fundus (“bottom”).

uder

(veterinary medicine) A severe laminitis of a horse, caused by untreated internal inflammation in the hooves.


fatty

en-adj

fatty (comparative fattier, superlative fattiest)

fattier (comparative)
fattiest (superlative)

From Middle English fatty, equivalent to fat + -y. Cognate with Saterland Frisian fattig (“fatty”), Dutch vettig (“fatty, greasy”), German Low German fettig (“fatty”), German fettig (“fatty”).

fatty tissues

fatty meats

Then in the case of excisions you have all kinds of secondary changes, pigmentary disturbances, modifications of the passions, alterations in the secretion of fatty tissue.

1896, H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, “Chapter 14”, in The Island of Doctor Moreau (Heinemann’s Colonial Library of Popular Fiction; 52), London: William Heinemann, →OCLC; republished as The Island of Doctor Moreau: A Possibility, New York, N.Y.: Stone & Kimball, 1896, →OCLC:

Containing, composed of, or consisting of fat.

fatty liver

fatty pancreas

That means eating fruits and vegetables and cutting back on fatty foods.

2002, George W. Bush, Presidential Radio Address - June 22:

As we age, the major arteries of our bodies frequently become thickened with plaque, a fatty material with an oatmeal-like consistency that builds up along the inner lining of blood vessels.

2013 July-August, Stephen P. Lownie, David M. Pelz, “Stents to Prevent Stroke”, in American Scientist:

Sometimes, especially, containing excess fat.


fatty

We went to Plaster Creek, smoked a fattie, and emerged doing somersaults and cartwheels and laughing.

2004, Anthony Kiedis, Larry Sloman, Scar Tissue:

(slang) A large marijuana cigar; a blunt.


Arab

From Arabic عَرَب (ʕarab, “Arabs”) or back-formation from Arabic.

a. 1892, Charles Spurgeon, a sermon
You Christian people often see the little gutter children — the poor little arabs in the street — and you feel much pity for them, as well you may.

The other day I heard you complaining of the nuisance that small ragged street-boys are to you whenever you go out. […] You wished that some one would do something to clear away these little Arabs, as you are pleased to call them, so that a fine old English gentleman—as you are pleased to think yourself—might take his exercise in peace.


orc

orc (nominative singular)
orc (dual nominative)
oirc (nominative plural)
oirc (singular vocative)
orc (dual vocative)
orcu (plural vocative)
orc (accusative singular)
orc (accusative dual)
orcu (accusative plural)
oirc (genitive singular)
orc (dual genitive)
orc (genitive plural)
orc (dative singular)
orcaib (dative dual)
orcaib (dative plural)
orc
n-orc

Irish: arc

Manx: ark

From Proto-Celtic *ɸorkos, from Proto-Indo-European *pórḱos. Cognate with Latin porcus and English farrow.


slut

From Middle English slutt, slutte, slute (“a dirty or slovenly person, usually a woman, scullery maid; messy animal to prepare as food; slush, mud”), probably from Old English *slȳte (“sleet”), from Proto-West Germanic *slautijā, from Proto-Germanic *slautijǭ (“sleet, hail”), related to Proto-West Germanic *slaut (“puddle, ditch”). Compare Dutch slodder and slet, dialectal Swedish slata (“idle woman”), Norwegian sludd (“sleet”), and the dialectal Norwegian slutr (“sleet, impure liquid”). Doublet of sleet.

cog

‘Bête!’ returned the angry Frenchman, bestowing a savage kick on one of the unoffending pups which was frisking about his feet. The pup yelped; the slut barked and leaped furiously at the offender, and was only kept from biting him by Sam, who could scarcely hold her back for laughing; the captain was uproarious; the offended Frenchman alone maintained a severe and dignified aspect.

1852, Susanna Moodie, Roughing it in the Bush:

He sent me to an old bark hut, / Inhabited by a greyhound slut, / Who put her fangs through my poor fut, / And, snarling, off she ran.

1905, Banjo Paterson, Old Bush Songs, page 42:


senator

pl-noun

senator m pers (female equivalent senatorka, related adjective senatorski)

senatorka (feminine)
senatorski (adjective)
senator (nominative singular)
senatorzy (nominative plural)
senatorowie (nominative plural)
senatory (derogatory nominative plural)
senatora (genitive singular)
senatorów (genitive plural)
senatorowi (dative singular)
senatorom (dative plural)
senatora (accusative singular)
senatorów (accusative plural)
senatorem (instrumental singular)
senatorami (instrumental plural)
senatorze (locative singular)
senatorach (locative plural)
senatorze (singular vocative)
senatorzy (plural vocative)
senatorowie (plural vocative)
senatory (derogatory plural vocative)

(zoology) older and strong male in a group of baboons


pork

English: pork

Scots: pork, porc, porck

From Old French porc, from Latin porcus. Compare farowen.


dock

en-noun

dock (countable and uncountable, plural docks)

From Middle English dokke, from Old English docce, from Proto-West Germanic *dokkā, from Proto-Germanic *dukkǭ (compare Old Danish dokke (“water-dock”), West Flemish dokke, dokkebladeren (“coltsfoot, butterbur”)), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰew- (“dark”) (compare Latvian duga (“scum, slime on water”)).

And vnder neath him his courageous ſteed, / The fierce Spumador trode them downe like docks […]

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto IX”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, page 352:

Any of the genus Rumex of coarse weedy plants with small green flowers related to buckwheat, especially bitter dock (Rumex obtusifolius), and used as potherbs and in folk medicine, especially in curing nettle rash.


dock

From early modern English "area of mud in which a ship can rest at low tide, dock", borrowed from Dutch dok (“dock”) or Middle Low German docke (“dock, ship's dock”), both from Middle Dutch docke (“port, harbour, roadstead”), of uncertain origin. The original sense may have been "the furrow a grounded vessel makes in a mud bank". Compare modern Dutch dok, modern German Low German Dock, West Frisian dok, German Dock, Danish dok, Swedish docka.
Some sources link this word to an unattested Middle Dutch *docke (“watercourse, trench, canal”), which is a ghost word, only being inferred from Mediaeval Latin documents in the form of ducta, doctus, doccia (“conduit, canal”). However, if this theory is correct, then it would relate the word to Italian doccia (“drainpipe”), making dock a doublet of douche and duct.
An alternative theory ties Middle Dutch docke to a North Germanic/Scandinavian source, notably Old Norse dǫkk (“depression in the landscape, pit, pool, trench”), related to Norwegian dokk (“hollow, low ground”), Old Icelandic dökk, dökð (“pit, pool”), Swedish dank (“marshy ground”). If so, this would make dock a doublet of dank.

der

(electronics) A device designed as a base for holding a connected portable appliance such as a laptop computer (in this case, referred to as a docking station), or a mobile telephone, for providing the necessary electrical charge for its autonomy, or as a hardware extension for additional capabilities.


keel

Probably from Scottish Gaelic cìl (“ruddle”).


dzo

Coordinate term: (female) dzomo

A male hybrid of a yak and a domesticated cow.


shatter

en-noun

shatter (countable and uncountable, plural shatters)

From Middle English schateren (“to scatter, dash”), an assibilated form of Middle English scateren ("to scatter"; see scatter), from Old English scaterian, from Proto-Germanic *skat- (“to smash, scatter”), perhaps ultimately imitative. Cognate with Dutch schateren (“to burst out laughing”), Low German schateren, Albanian shkatërroj (“to destroy, devastate”). Doublet of scatter.

onomatopoeic

imitative

cog

(uncountable, slang) A form of concentrated cannabis.


jugular

/ˈd͡ʒʌɡ.jʊl.ə/

/ˈd͡ʒʌɡ.jəl.ɚ/

/ˈd͡ʒʌɡ.əl.ɚ/

Late 16th century borrowing from Late Latin jugulāris, from jugulum (“the collarbone; the hollow part of the neck above the collarbone; the throat”) + -āris (“-ar, -ary”, adjectival suffix); equivalent to jugulum + -ar.

af

(zootomy, of fish) Having ventral fins attached under the throat.


costa

Unadapted borrowing from Latin costa (“a rib”). Doublet of coast.

ubor

(botany, zootomy) A riblike part of a plant or animal, such as a midrib of a leaf or a thickened vein or the margin of an insect wing.

(entomology) The vein forming the leading edge of most insect wings.


zombie

First attested in 1871.
From a Bantu language. Compare Kongo nzambi (“god”), zumbi (“fetish”), and Kimbundu nzumbi (“ghost”) (see Portuguese zumbi), and Caribbean folklore's jumbee (“a spirit or demon”).
Origin from Spanish sombra (“shadow, phantom”) has also been suggested.
May have come through Louisiana Creole [Term?]. See also French zombi (1832).

Traveling in a fried-out Kombi / On a hippie trail, head full of zombie

1980, Colin Hay, Ron Strykert (lyrics and music), “Down Under”, performed by Men at Work:

(Australia, slang) Marijuana, or similar drugs.


Wein

de-noun

Wein m (strong, genitive Weines or Weins, plural Weine)

Weines (genitive)
Weins (genitive)
Weine (plural)
Wein (nominative singular)
Weine (definite nominative plural)
Weines (genitive singular)
Weins (genitive singular)
Weine (definite genitive plural)
Wein (dative singular)
Weine (dative singular)
Weinen (dative definite plural)
Wein (accusative singular)
Weine (accusative definite plural)

→ Estonian: vein

From Middle High German wīn, from Old High German wīn, from Proto-West Germanic *wīn.


vineyard

Equivalent to vine + yard; from Middle English vyneȝerd (circa 1300), following earlier Old English wīnġeard (“wine yard, vine yard”), with vine (from Old French vigne (“vine, vineyard”), from Latin vīnea) replacing native Old English wīn (“wine, vine”). The earlier wīnġeard may have had the sense of “vine” already, with /w/ → /v/ facilitated by common v-/w- interchange. Compare Dutch wijngaard (literally “wine garden”) and German Weingarten alongside contracted Wingert. (Dutch gaard, German Garten are cognate to English yard.)

cog

The vineyard of Château Margaux stands as the producer of one of the world's greatest and most sought-after red wines.

A grape plantation, especially one used in the production of wine.


vine

From Middle English vīne, from Anglo-Norman vigne, from Vulgar Latin vīnia, from Latin vīnea (“vines in a vineyard”), from vīneus (“related to wine”), from vīnum (“wine”), from Proto-Italic *wīnom, from Proto-Indo-European *wóyh₁nom (“vine, wine”), from *weh₁y- (“to twist, wrap”). Doublet of wine.

ivy vine

Ampelopsis cordata; Parthenocissus quinquefolia


grapevine

Although many grapevines have geographical names, these rarely reflect their real origin, if known at all.

The plant, a vine of genus Vitis, on which grapes grow.

A dance figure in partner dancing that includes sidesteps and steps across the support foot. See Grapevine (dance move).


grapevine

en-verb

grapevine (third-person singular simple present grapevines, present participle grapevining, simple past and past participle grapevined)

grapevines (present singular third-person)
grapevining (participle present)
grapevined (participle past)
grapevined (past)

Up on the stage, the dancers twirled and whirled in time to the music and then grapevined across the broad expanse and exited stage left.

2013, S.C. Rackes, Cast a Dark Shadow, page 25:

The underwear-baker grapevined down the length of the display and grabbed a to-go box from the stack on top of it.

When the room grapevined left, I grapevined right, causing a head-on collision with the lady next to me.

2023, Betsy Schow, Finished Being Fat: An Accidental Adventure in Losing Weight:

To move one's body in a smooth undulating wave while stepping in the direction the wave is moving.


Kerry

* As an English surname, from a personal name derived from Old Norse Kári.
* As an Irish surname, from Ó Ciardha (“descendant of Ciardha”), from ciar (“black”).

A ticket of John Kerry and John Edwards with, effectively, four first names, would send the wrong message to the world. Also no candidate has ever been elected president, with a girl's name like "Kerry" for a "surname".

2004 The Bulletin, Australia, "Hustling Hustings", February 25, 2004

A surname from Middle English derived from the place name, or from the Middle English given name Kendrick.

Kerry O'Leary - for so was he called to distinguish him from those of the name in the adjoining county - soon made his appearance in the court-yard beneath.

1845, Charles James Lever, The O' Donoghue: A Tale of Ireland Fifty Years Ago, W. Curry, published 1845, page 26:

A male given name transferred from the surname or place name.

A female given name transferred from the surname or place name, originally of Australian usage, also spelled Keri, Kerri and Kerrie.


Kerry

An animal belonging to a rare breed of dairy cattle, native to Ireland.


rank

en-adj

rank (comparative ranker or more rank, superlative rankest or most rank)

ranker (comparative)
more rank (comparative)
rankest (superlative)
most rank (superlative)

From Middle English rank (“strong, proud”), from Old English ranc (“proud, haughty, arrogant, insolent, forward, overbearing, showy, ostentatious, splendid, bold, valiant, noble, brave, strong, full-grown, mature”), from Proto-West Germanic *rank, from Proto-Germanic *rankaz (“straight”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- (“straight, direct”). Cognate with Dutch rank (“slender, slim”), Low German rank (“slender, projecting, lank”), Danish rank (“straight, erect, slender”), Swedish rank (“slender, shaky, wonky”), Icelandic rakkur (“straight, slender, bold, valiant”).

cog

If Safford happens to be driving a "rank" horse, one that insists on getting away fast, he goes along with the rest, […]

1949, The New Yorker (volume 25, part 3, page 46)

(obsolete) Strong; powerful; capable of acting or being used with great effect; energetic; vigorous; headstrong.

(horse racing) Headstrong; difficult to control.


store

English: store

Scots: store

→ Welsh: stôr

From Anglo-Norman stor, estour, ultimately from Latin instaurare. Compare warnestore.


свинина

ru-noun+

свини́на • (svinína) f inan (genitive свини́ны, uncountable)

свини́на (canonical)
svinína (romanization)
свини́ны (genitive)
свини́на (nominative singular)
свини́ны (genitive singular)
свини́не (dative singular)
свини́ну (accusative singular)
свини́ной (instrumental singular)
свини́ною (instrumental singular)
свини́не (prepositional singular)

Ru-свинина.ogg


cerdo

es-noun

cerdo m (plural cerdos, feminine cerda, feminine plural cerdas)

cerdos (plural)
cerda (feminine)
cerdas (feminine plural)


돼지

From Early Modern Korean 되야지 (twoyyaci), 도야지 (doyaji). Appears to be related to Middle Korean 돝 (twòth).
Perhaps from unattested *돌 (*dol, “pig, swine”) + 아지 (-aji, “diminutive suffix”) with a development similar to 말 (mal) and 망아지 (mang'aji) with the latter's dialectal and historical forms such as Korean 매아지 (maeaji) and Middle Korean ᄆᆞ야지 (moyaci), ᄆᆡ야지 (moyyaci), which seem to phonologically match the dialectal and historical forms of the word 돼지 (dwaeji). Several sources report dialectal forms supposedly reflecting *돌 (*dol) such as 멧돌 (metdol, “boar, lit. mountain pig”) and 똘또리 (ttolttori, “pig”), but their credibility is difficult to verify.
Alexander Vovin speculates that this is a wanderwort, related to Middle Chinese 豚 (MC dwon, “pig”) and Common Turkic *toŋuz and perhaps from a Turkic source antecedent to Common Turkic.


porco

it-adj

porco (feminine porca, masculine plural porci, feminine plural porche)

porca (feminine)
porci (masculine plural)
porche (feminine plural)

From Latin porcus, from Proto-Italic *porkos, from Proto-Indo-European *pórḱos.

terrible, dirty, bad (used as a curse or swearword)


porco

Presumably from Portuguese porco, from Old Galician-Portuguese porco, from Latin porcus, from Proto-Italic *porkos, from Proto-Indo-European *pórḱos (“young swine, young pig”).

der

ramendâ unga porco


porc

Inherited from Old Catalan porc, from Latin porcus, from Proto-Italic *porkos, from Proto-Indo-European *pórḱos (“young swine, young pig”).


porc

Inherited from Middle French porc, from Old French porc, from Latin porcus, from Proto-Italic *porkos, from Proto-Indo-European *pórḱos (“young swine, young pig”).


porc

porci (plural)
porc (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
porcul (accusative definite nominative singular)
porci (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
porcii (accusative definite nominative plural)
porc (indefinite singular)
porcului (definite singular)
porci (indefinite singular)
porcilor (definite plural)
porcule (singular vocative)
porcilor (vocative)

Inherited from Latin porcus, from Proto-Italic *porkos, from Proto-Indo-European *pórḱos (“young swine, young pig”).


silk

en-noun

silk (countable and uncountable, plural silks)

From Middle English silk, sylk, selk, selc, from Old English sioloc, seoloc, seolc (“silk”). The immediate source is uncertain; it probably reached English via the Baltic trade routes (cognates in Old Norse silki (> Danish silke, Swedish silke (“silk”)), Russian шёлк (šolk), obsolete Lithuanian zilkaĩ), all ultimately from Late Latin sēricus, from Ancient Greek σηρικός (sērikós), ultimately from an Oriental language (represented now by e.g. Chinese 絲 /丝 (sī, “silk”)). Compare Seres. Doublet of seric and serge.

you can't make a silk purse of a sow's ear

(horse racing, usually in the plural) The garments worn by a jockey displaying the colors of the horse's owner.


말

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 말〯 (Yale: mǎl). The rising pitch implies an earlier bisyllabic origin.

ko-etym-native

일본 말을 어디서 배웠어?


말

First attested in the Hunmong jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527, as Middle Korean ᄆᆞᆯ〮 (Yale: mól).

seaweed, specifically Potamogeton oxyphyllus.


רחל

→ German: Rahel

→ Ancient Greek: Ῥαχήλ (Rhakhḗl)

→ Old Armenian: Ռաքէլ (Ṙakʻēl)

→ Armenian: Ռաքել (Ṙakʻel)

→ Late Latin: Rachel

→ English: Rachel

→ Chinese: 拉結 /拉结 (Lājiē)

→ Yiddish: רייטשעל (reytshel)

→ Danish: Rakel

→ Greenlandic: Alaakkilli

→ Dutch: Rachel

→ Esperanto: Raĥel

→ Estonian: Raahel

→ Finnish: Raakel

→ French: Rachel

→ Galician: Raquel

→ German: Rachel

→ Hungarian: Ráchel

→ Icelandic: Rakel

→ Italian: Rachele

→ Lithuanian: Rachelė

→ Norman: Râché

→ Norwegian: Rakel

→ Polish: Rachela

→ Portuguese: Raquel

→ Japanese: ラケル (Rakeru)

→ Spanish: Raquel

→ Swedish: Rakel

→ Russian: Рахи́ль (Raxílʹ)

→ Hawaiian: Rāhela, Lāhela

→ Maori: Rāhera

→ Yiddish: רחל (Rokhl)

/rɔːˈħeːl/ [ʀɔˑˈħeː.el]

From Proto-Semitic *raḫil- (“ewe”). Cognate with Aramaic רַחְלָא (raḥlā) (absolutive: רְחֵל (rəḥēl)), Arabic رَخِل (raḵil) (also رِخْل (riḵl)).

a female given name, equivalent to English Rachel


bay

From Middle English baye, baie, from Old English beġ (“berry”), as in beġbēam (“berry-tree”), conflated with Old French baie, from Latin bāca (“berry”).

(US, dialect) A tract covered with bay trees.


bay

From Middle English, from Old French baee, beee, from the verb beer (“gape open”), from Early Medieval Latin batāre. Compare Modern French baie. More at bevel, badinage.

There is a short bay at the west end of each platform, but neither is used for passenger trains.

1946 May and June, G. A. Sekon, “L.B.S.C.R. West Coast Section—3”, in Railway Magazine, page 149:


flapper

In this case, slide the collar of the flapper over the overflow tube until it seats against the bottom of the flush valve.

2004, David Day, Albert Jackson, Popular Mechanics Complete Home How-to, page 356:


linseed

en-noun

linseed (countable and uncountable, plural linseeds)

From Middle English linseed, lynseed, lynsede, from Old English līnsǣd (“seed of flax”), from līn (“flax”) (from Proto-Germanic *līną (“flax”)) + sǣd (“seed”). By surface analysis, lin + seed.

The ancients regarded linseed as a source of medical benefits.

The seed of the flax plant, which yields linseed oil.


pere

Borrowed from Afrikaans perd, from Dutch paard, from Middle Dutch pert, from Old Dutch *pered, from Late Latin paraverēdus.


rack

From Middle English rakke, rekke, from Middle Dutch rac, recke, rec (Dutch rek), see rekken.

rappel rack

abseil rack

(climbing, caving) A friction device for abseiling, consisting of a frame with five or more metal bars, around which the rope is threaded.

I used almost a full rack on the second pitch.

(climbing, slang) A climber's set of equipment for setting up protection and belays, consisting of runners, slings, carabiners, nuts, Friends, etc.


temporal

From Middle English, from Middle French timporal, temporal, from Late Latin temporālis, from tempora (“the temples of the head”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix). Doublet of temporalis.

af

(zootomy) Any of a reptile's scales on the side of the head between the parietal and supralabial scales, and behind the postocular scales.


bud

en-noun

bud (countable and uncountable, plural buds)

From Middle English budde (“bud, seed pod”), from Proto-Germanic *buddǭ (compare Dutch bot (“bud”), German Hagebutte (“hip, rosehip”), regional German Butzen (“seed pod”), Swedish dialect bodd (“head”)), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bʰew-, *bu- (“to swell”).

Hey bro, want to smoke some bud?

(usually uncountable, slang) Potent cannabis taken from the flowering part of the plant (the "bud"), or marijuana generally.

(US, Canada, Australia, slang, uncountable) Marijuana.


livestock

livestock (usually uncountable, plural livestocks)

Coordinate term: stock animal

The livestock were poisoned by what they grazed on.

Livestock is bought and sold at an auction market.

Much livestock was slaughtered due to high feed prices.

In the West there are local areas with too many livestock.

Women herded small livestocks such as goats and sheep.

These spearings were not related to livestock killed but to young boys trying to prove their bravery.

2011, Cynthia J. Moss, Harvey Croze, Phyllis C. Lee, The Amboseli Elephants: A Long-Term Perspective on a Long-Lived Mammal, page 297:

Farm animals; animals domesticated for cultivation.


toke

Presumably from Spanish tocar (“touch”). Noun sense 1968, verb 1952.

The artist took a thoughtful toke off the joint, then passed it along.

Back on the wards a big toke of O₂ might have done the job; it was God's own pick-me-up.

(slang, by extension) An inhalation or lungful of anything.


toke

en-verb

toke (third-person singular simple present tokes, present participle toking, simple past and past participle toked)

tokes (present singular third-person)
toking (participle present)
toked (participle past)
toked (past)

Let's roll up a doobie and toke.

This keeps Doc’s workload relatively light, freeing him to stay stoned around the clock and live in the now, which isn’t hard for him, because he’s toked away his short-term memory.

2009 August 23, Walter Kirn, “Drugs to Do, Cases to Solve”, in New York Times:


hurdle

→ Japanese: ハードル (hādoru)

From Middle English hurdel, hirdel, herdel, hyrdel, from Old English hyrdel (“frame of intertwined twigs used as a temporary barrier”), diminutive of *hyrd, from Proto-Germanic *hurdiz, from Pre-Germanic *kr̥h₂tis, from Proto-Indo-European *kreh₂-. Cognate with Dutch horde, German Hürde.

inh

He ran in the 100 metres hurdles.

(athletics, equestrianism) An artificial barrier, variously constructed, over which athletes or horses jump in a race.

حَاجِز

artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race


moa

From Proto-Polynesian *moa. Cognates include Hawaiian moa and Maori moa.


moa

From Proto-Polynesian *moa. Cognates include Hawaiian moa and Samoan moa.


scab

en-noun

scab (countable and uncountable, plural scabs)

From Middle English scabb, scabbe (also as shabbe, schabbe > English shab), from Old English sċeabb and Old Norse skabb, both from Proto-Germanic *skabbaz (“scab, scabies”), from Proto-Indo-European *skabʰ- (“to cut, split, carve, shape”). Doublet of shab. Cognate with German Schabe (“scabies”), Danish skab (“scab, scabies”), Swedish skabb (“scab, scabies”), Latin scabies (“scab, itch, mange”). Related also to Old English scafan (“to scrape, shave”), Latin scabere (“to scratch”), English shabby.

der

An incrustation over a sore, wound, vesicle, or pustule, formed during healing.

(uncountable) Any of several different diseases of potatoes producing pits and other damage on their surface, caused by streptomyces bacteria (but formerly believed to be caused by a fungus).

(phytopathology) Any one of various more or less destructive fungal diseases that attack cultivated plants, forming dark-colored crustlike spots.

(founding) A slight irregular protuberance which defaces the surface of a casting, caused by the breaking away of a part of the mold.


aciniform

en-adj

aciniform (comparative more aciniform, superlative most aciniform)

more aciniform (comparative)
most aciniform (superlative)

Latin acinus (“grape, grapestone”) + -form. Compare French aciniforme.


charge

en-noun

charge (countable and uncountable, plural charges)

From Middle English chargen, from Old French chargier, from Late Latin carricō (“to load”), from Latin carrus (“a car, wagon”); see car. Doublet of cargo.

(farriery) A sort of plaster or ointment.


teo

Attested since circa 1750. From Latin taedium. Doublet of tedio.

(veterinary medicine, pathology) scrapie

(veterinary medicine, pathology) coenurosis


cockerel

From Middle English kokerel, equivalent to cock + -rel.

He had made arrangements with the cockerel to call him three-quarters of an hour earlier in the mornings instead of half an hour.

1943 November – 1944 February (date written; published 1945 August 17), George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], Animal Farm […], London: Secker & Warburg, published May 1962, →OCLC:


stocking

→ Scottish Gaelic: stocainn

From stock (“cover with material”) + -ing. Corruption of old plural -en, i.e. stocken, now singular.

a pair of stockings

(footwear) A soft garment, usually knit or woven, worn on the foot and lower leg under shoes or other footwear.

çorape

garment (for translations of "sock", see sock)

A large, sock-like bag used to store small Christmas gifts, typically hung on a mantelpiece.

A knitted hood of cotton thread which is eventually converted by a special process into an incandescent mantle for gas lighting.


jail

jail (countable and uncountable, plural jails)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जेल (jel)

Urdu: جیل (jel)

→ Punjabi: ਜੇਲ੍ਹ (jelh)

→ Welsh: jêl, jael

From Middle English gayole, gaylle, gaille, gayle, gaile, from Old French gaiole, gayolle, gaole, from Medieval Latin gabiola, from Late Latin caveola (“small cage, cell”), a diminutive of Latin cavea (“cavity, coop, cage”). Doublet of caveola and related to cage. More at cajole.
Displaced native Middle English quartern (“prison, jail, cell”) from Old English cweartern (“jail, prison”); Middle English carcern (“jail, prison”) from Old English carcern (“prison, correctional facility”); Middle English lok (“jail, prison”) from Old English loc (“enclosure, pen; jail, prison”).
Compare also Old English heaþor (“jail, confinement”), Old English heolstorloca (“prison, jail cell”), Old English clūstorloc (“jail, prison”), Old English dung (“jail, prison, dungeon”), Old English hlinræced (“jail”), Old English nierwþ (“jail”), Old English nīedcleofa (“jail”), Old English hearmloca (“jail”), Old English nearu (“jail, confinement”).

ncog

(horse racing, uncountable) The condition created by the requirement that a horse claimed in a claiming race not be run at another track for some period of time (usually 30 days).

horse racing: condition of not being able to run at another track for some period of time

väliaikainen kilpailurajoitus myynnin jälkeen


stretch

→ Esperanto: streĉi

→ Finnish: stretch-

→ French: stretch

From Middle English strecchen, from Old English streċċan (“to stretch, hold out, extend, spread out, prostrate”), from Proto-West Germanic *strakkjan (“to stretch, make taut or tight”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)treg-, *streg-, *treg- (“stiff, rigid”). Cognate with West Frisian strekke, Dutch strekken (“to stretch, straighten”), German strecken (“to stretch, straighten, elongate”), Danish strække (“to stretch”), Swedish sträcka (“to stretch”), Dutch strak (“taut, tight”), Albanian shtriqem (“to stretch”). More at stark.

cog

time stretch analog-to-digital converter

(horse racing) The homestretch, the final straight section of the track leading to the finish.


bounce

en-verb

bounce (third-person singular simple present bounces, present participle bouncing, simple past and past participle bounced)

bounces (present singular third-person)
bouncing (participle present)
bounced (participle past)
bounced (past)

From Middle English bounsen, bunsen (“to beat, thump”), cognate with Scots bunce, bonce (“to bounce”). Of uncertain origin. Perhaps imitative, related to bump, or related to Middle English bonchen (“to pound, beat”) and Dutch bonken (“to bump”).
Compare Saterland Frisian bumzje (“to pound, bang, bounce”), West Frisian bûnzje (“to throb, bounce, pulsate”), Dutch bonzen (“to thump, knock, throb, bounce”), German Low German bunsen, bumsen (“to beat, bounce”), German bumsen (“to thud, bang, pound”).

unc

uncertain

onomatopoeic

imitative

cog

(horse racing, slang) To race poorly after a successful race.


bounce

en-noun

bounce (countable and uncountable, plural bounces)

unc

uncertain

onomatopoeic

imitative

(horse racing, slang) The situation where a horse races poorly after a successful race.


rap

rap (nominative singular)
rapë (nominative plural)
rapa (genitive singular)
rapów (genitive plural)
rapòwi (dative singular)
rapóm (dative plural)
rapa (accusative singular)
rapë (accusative plural)
rapã (instrumental singular)
rapama (instrumental plural)
rapie (locative singular)
rapach (locative plural)
rapie (singular vocative)
rapë (plural vocative)


joint

The noun is from Middle English joynt (attested since the late 13th century), from Old French joint (“joint of the body”) (attested since the 12th century). The adjective (attested since the 15th century) is from Old French jointiz. Both Old French words are from Latin iūnctus, the past participle of iungō. See also join, jugular.
The meaning of "building, establishment", especially in connection with shady activities, appeared in Anglo-Irish by 1821 and entered general American English slang by 1877, especially in the sense of "opium den". The sense "marijuana cigarette" is attested since 1935. The development to meaning "any thing" also happened to the Scots and Memphian form junt and the Mid-Atlantic/Philadelphian form jawn.

verbinding

point of a rigid joint, means of joining in carpentry

en:place of business or human activity
en:opium den

(chiefly US slang, may be somewhat derogatory) A place of business, particularly in the food service or hospitality industries; sometimes extended to any place that is a focus of human connection or activity (e.g., schools, hangouts, party spots).


joint

joint (nominative singular)
jointy (nominative plural)
jointa (genitive singular)
jointów (genitive plural)
jointowi (dative singular)
jointom (dative plural)
joint (accusative singular)
jointa (accusative singular)
jointy (accusative plural)
jointem (instrumental singular)
jointami (instrumental plural)
joincie (locative singular)
jointach (locative plural)
joincie (singular vocative)
jointy (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English joint, from Middle English joynt, from Old French joint.


placer

(slang) One who deals in stolen goods; a fence.


poulet

→ Switzerland German: Poulet

Inherited from Old French, from poule (“hen”) + -et (“diminutive suffix”).

af

Dans un tweet, depuis effacé, la CGT Publicis évoquait le traitement médiatique réservé à un «poulet grillé», pour parler du policier gravement brûlé en marge des défilés du 1er-Mai à Paris.

2017 May 2, “Policier brûlé le 1er-Mai : la CGT ironise sur le "poulet grillé" et crée une polémique”, in Paris Match:

In a tweet, since deleted, CGT Publicis [a trade union branch] mentioned the media's coverage of a "pig roast", referring to a police officer who suffered severe burns during the 1 May marches in Paris.

(slang, derogatory) policeman (especially a plain-clothes police detective)


oink

Mom swallowed a spoonful of pudding and looked Daddy straight in the eye. "Oink, oink," she said, to let him know he was being a male chauvinist pig.

"The tub is too small!" "Then, I'll go first and you'll have to wait!" "Chauvinist pig!" "Oink, oink!"

2003, Robert N. Mansfield, Randy Maas, The Assassin: Attack on America:

You are such a male chauvinist oink, oink. You think that you are the only one who can drive a car or fly an airplane.

2005, Alinka Zyrmont, Forbidden Passion:

Drawing attention to male chauvinism (from the term male chauvinist pig).


bard

bard (nominative singular)
bardad (nominative plural)
bardan (accusative singular)
bardad (accusative plural)
bardan (genitive singular)
bardoiden (genitive plural)
bardad (partitive singular)
bardoid (partitive plural)
bardan (essive-instructive singular)
bardoin (essive-instructive plural)
bardaks (singular translative)
bardoikš (plural translative)
bardas (inessive singular)
bardoiš (inessive plural)
bardaspäi (elative singular)
bardoišpäi (elative plural)
bardaha (illative singular)
bardoihe (illative plural)
bardal (adessive singular)
bardoil (adessive plural)
bardalpäi (ablative singular)
bardoilpäi (ablative plural)
bardale (allative singular)
bardoile (allative plural)
bardata (abessive singular)
bardoita (abessive plural)
bardanke (comitative singular)
bardoidenke (comitative plural)
bardadme (prolative singular)
bardoidme (plural prolative)
bardanno (approximative approximative-i singular)
bardoidenno (approximative approximative-i plural)
bardannoks (approximative approximative-ii singular)
bardoidennoks (approximative approximative-ii plural)
bardannopäi (egressive singular)
bardoidennopäi (egressive plural)
bardahasai (singular terminative terminative-i)
bardoihesai (plural terminative terminative-i)
bardalesai (singular terminative terminative-ii)
bardoilesai (plural terminative terminative-ii)
bardassai (singular terminative terminative-iii)
bardahapäi (additive additive-i singular)
bardoihepäi (additive additive-i plural)
bardalepäi (additive additive-ii singular)
bardoilepäi (additive additive-ii plural)

From Proto-Finnic *parta, borrowed from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bardā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰardʰéh₂.


barb

PIE word
 *bʰardʰéh₂
From Middle English barbe, from Middle French barbe, from Old French barbe (“beard, beard-like element”). Doublet of beard.

der

(US) The sciaenid fish Menticirrhus americanus, found along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of the United States.


poitrinal

The Poitrinal, Pectoral, or Breast Plate was formed of plates of metal rivetted together, which covered the breast and shoulders of the horse, it was commonly adorned with foliage, or other ornaments engraved or embossed.

1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 30:

Synonym of poitrel (“chest-armor for a horse”)


layer

We keep a flock of layers and flock of broilers.

A hen kept to lay eggs; a breed of chicken bred to maximize laying output.


prose

dsb-noun

prose n (genitive singular proseśa, nominative dual proseśi, nominative plural proseta)

proseśa (genitive singular)
proseśi (dual nominative)
proseta (nominative plural)
prose (nominative singular)
proseśi (dual nominative)
proseta (nominative plural)
proseśa (genitive singular)
proseśowu (dual genitive)
prosetow (genitive plural)
proseśeju (dative singular)
proseśoma (dative dual)
prosetam (dative plural)
prose (accusative singular)
proseśi (accusative dual)
proseta (accusative plural)
proseśim (instrumental singular)
proseśoma (dual instrumental)
prosetami (instrumental plural)
proseśu (locative singular)
proseśoma (dual locative)
prosetach (locative plural)


calver

As the adjective predates the verb, possibly from Middle English calver (“interspersed with flakes”), from Old English calwer. Cognate with Scots caller.

inh

calver salmon


calver

en-verb

calver (third-person singular simple present calvers, present participle calvering, simple past and past participle calvered)

calvers (present singular third-person)
calvering (participle present)
calvered (participle past)
calvered (past)

[A Grayling's] flesh will so easily calver that […][it] is very good meat at all times.

1676, Izaak Walton, Charles Cotton, The Compleat Angler:

(obsolete, intransitive) To bear, or be susceptible of, being calvered.


cracker

From crack + -er. From crack (verb), the sound made when one is broken. The hard "bread" and "biscuit" sense is first attested in 1739. The computing senses of cracker, crack, and cracking were promoted in the 1980s as an alternative to hacker, by programmers concerned about negative public associations of hack, hacking (“creative computer coding”). See Citations:cracker. Various theories exist regarding the term's application to poor white Southerners. One theory holds that it originated with disadvantaged corn and wheat farmers (corncrackers), who cracked their crops rather than taking them to the mill. Another theory asserts that it was applied due to Georgia and Florida settlers (Florida crackers) who cracked loud whips to drive herds of cattle, or, alternatively, from the whip cracking of plantation slave drivers. Yet another theory maintains that the term cracker was in use in Elizabethan times to describe braggarts (see crack (“to boast”)); a letter from 1766 supports this theory.

Brothers and the whiteys / Blacks and the crackers / Police and their backers / They're all political actors

1970, “(Don't Worry) If There's a Hell Below, We're All Going to Go”, in Curtis, performed by Curtis Mayfield:

Check this shit: You got cracker farm boy Luke Skywalker, Nazi poster boy, blond hair, blue eyes. And then you got Darth Vader, the blackest brother in the galaxy, Nubian god!

1997, Kevin Smith, Chasing Amy, spoken by Hooper (Dwight Ewell):

“You know that old cracker beat them boys.”

2019, Colson Whitehead, The Nickel Boys, Fleet, page 202:

(US, derogatory, ethnic slur, offensive) An impoverished white person from the southeastern United States, originally associated with Georgia and parts of Florida; (by extension) any white person (slang).


agrimi

A type of goat with long horns that curl back, native to Crete, subspecies Capra hircus cretica, sometimes Capra aegagrus cretica et al.


pennon

Inherited from Middle English penoun, pennon, from Anglo-Norman penun, penoun, from Old French penne (“feather”) + -on (diminutive suffix).

af

Her yellow lockes crisped, like golden wyre,
About her shoulders weren loosely shed,
And when the winde emongst them did inspyre,
They waued like a penon wyde dispred
And low behinde her backe were scattered:

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto III”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, page 227:

Bar Harry England, that sweeps through our land
With pennons painted in the blood of Harfleur:

1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene v]:

[…] in spite of a sort of screen intended to protect them from the wind, the flame of the torches streamed sideways into the air, like the unfurled pennon of a chieftain.

1819 December 20 (indicated as 1820), Walter Scott, chapter VII, in Ivanhoe; a Romance. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC, page 103:

Precisely in the middle of the quadrangle were placed perpendicularly in the ground, a hundred or more slender, fresh-cut poles, stripped of their bark, and decorated at the end with a floating pennon of white tappa;

1846, Herman Melville, Typee, New York: Wiley and Putnam, Part 1, Chapter 23, p. 214:

1863, Christina Rossetti, “A Royal Princess” in Isa Craig (ed.), An Offering to Lancashire, London: Emily Faithfull, p. 3,
Vassal counts and princes follow where his pennon goes,

Nearly all the Norman spears were embellished with pennons of from two to five points.

1909, Charles Henry Ashdown, chapter 5, in British and Foreign Arms and Armour, London: T.C. & E.C. Jack, pages 65–66:

In 1821 the hobby-horse could have a real mane and a pretty topknot of wire, pennons and bells but with no wheels at the back.

1971, Gwen White, Antique Toys And Their Background, page 69:

A thin, often triangular flag or streamer, especially as hung from the end of a lance or spear.


nasal

From Middle English, from Medieval Latin nāsālis, from nāsus (“the nose”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix). Doublet of nasalis.

(zootomy) A plate, or scale, on the nose of a fish, etc.


lepper

(cattle) A type of Texas Longhorn, a subgroup of Butler cattle.


polo

en-noun

polo (usually uncountable, plural polos)

From Balti پولو (polo, “ball”). Cognate with Tibetan པོ་ལོ (po lo), ཕོ་ལོང (pho long), སྤོ་ལོ (spo lo, “ball”).

There were polo fields – sometimes green, sometimes brown – where in the old days, people had actually played that strange game that seems like a drunken bet about golf and horse riding.

2019, Namwali Serpell, The Old Drift, Hogarth, page 227:

(uncountable) A ball game where two teams of players on horseback use long-handled mallets to propel the ball along the ground and into their opponent's goal.

The game of ice polo, one of the ancestors of ice hockey; a similar game played on the ice, or on a prepared floor, by players wearing skates.


polo

From Spanish, an air or popular song in Andalusia.

A Spanish gypsy dance characterized by energetic movements of the body while the feet merely shuffle or glide, with unison singing and rhythmic clapping of hands.


polo

From Old Galician-Portuguese, from Latin pullus.

1418, Á. Rodríguez González (ed.), Libro do Concello de Santiago (1416-1422). Santiago de Compostela: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 95

Item, the pair of chickens and chicks, six white coins and a crown

Iten o par dos polos et polas, seis blanquas et dous coroados.

chick (young bird, especially a chicken)


polo

From English polo, from Balti پولو (polo, “ball”).


polo

Borrowed from English polo, from Balti پولو (polo).


cannabis

cannabis (countable and uncountable, plural cannabises)

→ Irish: cannabas

→ Welsh: canabis

Borrowed from Latin cannabis (“hemp”), from Ancient Greek κάνναβις (kánnabis). See there for more. Doublet of canvas and hemp.

Cannabis sativa
Cannabis sativa#Translingual

A tall annual dioecious plant (Cannabis, especially Cannabis sativa), native to central Asia and having alternate, palmately divided leaves and tough bast fibers.


ark

head

ark f (genitive singular arkagh, plural arkyn or irk)

arkagh (genitive singular)
arkyn (plural)
irk (plural)

From Middle Irish orc, arc (“young pig”), from Proto-Celtic *ɸorkos, from Proto-Indo-European *pórḱos, from *perḱ- (“to dig”).


pastor

pt-noun

pastor m (plural pastores, feminine pastora, feminine plural pastoras)

pastores (plural)
pastora (feminine)
pastoras (feminine plural)

From Old Galician-Portuguese pastor, from Latin pāstōrem.

herdsman; herder (someone who tends livestock)

herding dog (any of several breeds of dog originally used to herd livestock)

(figurative, chiefly religion) shepherd (one who watches over or guides others)


yarraaman

To the horse the blacks, by general consent, have given the name “yārămăn.” Of course, as no such animal was known here till the colonists introduced them, we cannot give yārămăn as an Australian word. I know not its origin.

1856, William Ridley, “On the Kamilaroi Tribe of Australians and Their Dialect”, in Journal of the Ethnological Society of London, volume 4:

baiame gīr yārāman, būrumo, bundar, mūte, dūli, dīnoun, buralga, biloela, millimumul, gulamboli, kobado, mullion, guiya, nūrai, ŋundoba, burulu, muŋin, kānuŋo di gimobi
God verily horse, dog, kangaroo, opossum, goanna, emu, native companion, cockatoo, swallow, pelican, parrot, eagle, fish, brown-snake, deadly-black-snake, flies, mosquitoes, all animals made.

1856, William Ridley, gurre kamilaroi, or Kamilaroi Sayings:


жало

ru-noun+

жа́ло • (žálo) n inan (genitive жа́ла, nominative plural жа́ла, genitive plural жал)

жа́ло (canonical)
žálo (romanization)
жа́ла (genitive)
жа́ла (nominative plural)
жал (genitive plural)
жа́ло (nominative singular)
жа́ла (nominative plural)
жа́ла (genitive singular)
жа́л (genitive plural)
жа́лу (dative singular)
жа́лам (dative plural)
жа́ло (accusative singular)
жа́ла (accusative plural)
жа́лом (instrumental singular)
жа́лами (instrumental plural)
жа́ле (prepositional singular)
жа́лах (plural prepositional)
жа́ло (dated nominative singular)
жа́ла (dated nominative plural)
жа́ла (dated genitive singular)
жа́лъ (dated genitive plural)
жа́лу (dated dative singular)
жа́ламъ (dated dative plural)
жа́ло (accusative dated singular)
жа́ла (accusative dated plural)
жа́ломъ (dated instrumental singular)
жа́лами (dated instrumental plural)
жа́лѣ (dated prepositional singular)
жа́лахъ (dated plural prepositional)


медоносная пчела

медоно́сная пчела́ • (medonósnaja pčelá) f anim (genitive медоно́сной пчелы́, nominative plural медоно́сные пчёлы, genitive plural медоно́сных пчёл)

медоно́сная пчела́ (canonical)
medonósnaja pčelá (romanization)
медоно́сной пчелы́ (genitive)
медоно́сные пчёлы (nominative plural)
медоно́сных пчёл (genitive plural)
медоно́сная пчела́ (nominative singular)
медоно́сные пчёлы (nominative plural)
медоно́сной пчелы́ (genitive singular)
медоно́сных пчёл (genitive plural)
медоно́сной пчеле́ (dative singular)
медоно́сным пчёлам (dative plural)
медоно́сную пчелу́ (accusative singular)
медоно́сных пчёл (accusative plural)
медоно́сной пчело́й (instrumental singular)
медоно́сною пчело́ю (instrumental singular)
медоно́сными пчёлами (instrumental plural)
медоно́сной пчеле́ (prepositional singular)
медоно́сных пчёлах (plural prepositional)

ru:медоносная пчела


peccary

From Kari'na pakira (“collared peccary”), from Proto-Cariban *pakira.

He says he drank rainwater collected in his shoes and ate worms and insects while hiding from jaguars and peccaries, a type of pig-like mammal.

2023 March 1, “Amazon jungle: Man survives 31 days by eating worms”, in BBC News:

Any of the family Tayassuidae of mammals from the Americas, related to pigs.

بِيكَارْيَة

a family of mammals related to pigs and hippos

javelina

Southwest US, from Mexican Spanish 'jabalina'


bong

(ethnic slur) An Australian Aboriginal person.


lateral

en-adj

lateral (comparative more lateral, superlative most lateral)

more lateral (comparative)
most lateral (superlative)

Borrowed from Latin laterālis (“belonging to the side”), from latus (“the side or flank”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix).

af

The medial side of the knee faces the other knee, while the outer side of the knee is lateral.

A fish senses changes in hydrodynamic pressure with its lateral line.

To the side; of or pertaining to the side.

(anatomy, zootomy) Situated on one side or other of the body or of an organ, especially in the region furthest from the median plane.


лис

ru-noun+

лис • (lis) m anim (genitive ли́са, nominative plural ли́сы, genitive plural ли́сов, feminine лиса́ or лиси́ца, relational adjective ли́сий or лиси́ный, diminutive лисёнок)

lis (romanization)
ли́са (genitive)
ли́сы (nominative plural)
ли́сов (genitive plural)
лиса́ (feminine)
лиси́ца (feminine)
ли́сий (adjective relational)
лиси́ный (adjective relational)
лисёнок (diminutive)
ли́с (nominative singular)
ли́сы (nominative plural)
ли́са (genitive singular)
ли́сов (genitive plural)
ли́су (dative singular)
ли́сам (dative plural)
ли́са (accusative singular)
ли́сов (accusative plural)
ли́сом (instrumental singular)
ли́сами (instrumental plural)
ли́се (prepositional singular)
ли́сах (plural prepositional)

Inherited from Old East Slavic лисъ (lisŭ), from Proto-Slavic *lisъ.


лиса

ru-noun+

лиса́ • (lisá) f anim (genitive лисы́, nominative plural ли́сы, genitive plural лис, relational adjective ли́сий or лиси́ный, diminutive лиси́чка or ли́ска or ли́сонька or ли́сочка)

лиса́ (canonical)
lisá (romanization)
лисы́ (genitive)
ли́сы (nominative plural)
лис (genitive plural)
ли́сий (adjective relational)
лиси́ный (adjective relational)
лиси́чка (diminutive)
ли́ска (diminutive)
ли́сонька (diminutive)
ли́сочка (diminutive)
лиса́ (nominative singular)
ли́сы (nominative plural)
лисы́ (genitive singular)
ли́с (genitive plural)
лисе́ (dative singular)
ли́сам (dative plural)
лису́ (accusative singular)
ли́с (accusative plural)
лисо́й (instrumental singular)
лисо́ю (instrumental singular)
ли́сами (instrumental plural)
лисе́ (prepositional singular)
ли́сах (plural prepositional)
лиса́ (dated nominative singular)
ли́сы (dated nominative plural)
лисы́ (dated genitive singular)
ли́съ (dated genitive plural)
лисѣ́ (dated dative singular)
ли́самъ (dated dative plural)
лису́ (accusative dated singular)
ли́съ (accusative dated plural)
лисо́й (dated instrumental singular)
лисо́ю (dated instrumental singular)
ли́сами (dated instrumental plural)
лисѣ́ (dated prepositional singular)
ли́сахъ (dated plural prepositional)

леса́ (lesá)


marijuana

en-noun

marijuana (usually uncountable, plural marijuanas)

→ Italian: marijuana

/ˌmɛɹɪˈwɑ.nə/

/ˌmæɹɪˈwɑː.nə/

Borrowed from Mexican Spanish marihuana, from mariguana. First attested in 1874 in the publications of Hubert Howe Bancroft. Altered by influence of a folk etymology involving the proper name María Juana (“Mary Jane”).

After smoking a bowl of that fine marijuana, they ate some brownies.

You could smell tea, weed, I mean marijuana, floating in the air, together with the chili beans and beer.

1957, Jack Kerouac, chapter 13, in On the Road, Viking Press, →OCLC, part 1:

Exactly. Marijuana is something we just all gradually decided is okay, like Mark Wahlberg as a serious actor. “You know what? Sure, I’ve decided I’m fine with that.”

2017 April 2, “Marijuana”, in Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, season 4, episode 7, John Oliver (actor), via HBO:

The inflorescence of the Cannabis sativa plant, smoked or ingested for euphoric effect.


spine

From late Middle English spyne, from Old French espine (French épine) or its source, Latin spīna (“a thorn; a prickle, spine; the backbone”). Doublet of spina.

der

If you attentively regard almost any quadruped's spine, you will be struck with the resemblance of its vertebrae to a strung necklace of dwarfed skulls.

1851, Herman Melville, chapter 80, in Moby-Dick:

The preposterous altruism too! […] Resist not evil. It is an insane immolation of self—as bad intrinsically as fakirs stabbing themselves or anchorites warping their spines in caves scarcely large enough for a fair-sized dog.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXXIV, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC, page 266:

(anatomy, zootomy) A series of bones situated at the back from the head to the pelvis of a human, or from the head to the tail of an animal, enclosing the spinal cord and providing support for the thorax and abdomen.

Trademark Owners will nevertheless try to dictate how their marks are to be represented, but dictionary publishers with spine can resist such pressure.

2001, Sydney I. Landau, Dictionaries: The Art and Craft of Lexicography, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 409:

रीढ़ की हड्डी

rīṛh kī haḍḍī

رِیڑھ کی ہَڈّی

rīṛh kī haḍḍī

The male, as Dr. Gunther informs me, has a cluster of stiff, straight spines, like those of a comb, on the sides of the tail.

1871, Charles Darwin, “chapter 12”, in Descent of Man, page 331:

(zootomy, botany, mycology) A pointed, fairly rigid protuberance or needlelike structure on an animal, shell, mushroom or plant.

espina

rigid, pointed surface protuberance or needle-like structure


panel

English: panel, pannel

Scots: panel

From Old French panel, from pan, from Latin pannus; equivalent to pane + -el (diminutive suffix).

(rare) A pane or slab of a transparent material.


tarpan

Borrowed from Russian тарпа́н (tarpán), from Turkic (Kazakh or Kyrgyz тарпан (tarpan)).

It’s possible that wild horses, known as tarpans, survived in southern Russia until the nineteenth century, but these may have been hybrids, with genes from domestic horses.

2018, Tim Flannery, Europe: A Natural History, page 256:

An extinct Northern European wild horse, Equus ferus ferus.


tarpan

tarpan (nominative singular)
tarpany (nominative plural)
tarpana (genitive singular)
tarpanów (genitive plural)
tarpanowi (dative singular)
tarpanom (dative plural)
tarpana (accusative singular)
tarpany (accusative plural)
tarpanem (instrumental singular)
tarpanami (instrumental plural)
tarpanie (locative singular)
tarpanach (locative plural)
tarpanie (singular vocative)
tarpany (plural vocative)


plug

→ Gulf Arabic: بلاك (blāk)

→ Burmese: ပလတ် (pa.lat)

→ Japanese: プラグ (puragu)

From Dutch plug, from Middle Dutch plugge (“peg, plug”), from Old Dutch *pluggi, from Proto-West Germanic *plugi. Further origin unknown. Possibly from Proto-Germanic *plugjaz, but the word seems originally restricted to northern continental West Germanic. Perhaps ultimately from the same source as Dutch plag (“cut-out sod”), itself considered to be from a substrate.
Compare German Low German Plüg, Norwegian plug (“peg, wedge”, probably borrowed from Middle Low German), German Pflock (“peg”, restricted to Central German and phonetically divergent). Possibly akin to Lithuanian plúkti (“to strike, hew”).

unk

unknown

cog

I pushed the plug back into the electrical socket and the lamp began to glow again.

(electricity) A pronged connecting device which fits into a mating socket, especially an electrical one.

(loosely) An electric socket: wall plug.


piggy

(derogatory, slang, UK, Ireland) A member of the police.


gob

head

gob m (genitive singular goib, nominative plural goba)

goib (genitive singular)
goba (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
gob (indefinite singular)
goba (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a ghoib (indefinite singular)
a ghoba (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
goib (indefinite singular)
gob (indefinite plural)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an gob (definite singular)
na goba (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an ghoib (definite singular)
na ngob (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an ngob (definite singular)
don ghob (definite singular)
leis na goba (definite plural)

From Old Irish gop, from Proto-Celtic *gobbos (“mouth”) (compare French gober (“gulp down”) and gobelet (“goblet”) from Gaulish) from Proto-Indo-European *ǵebʰ- (“jaw, mouth”); compare Russian зоб (zob, “goitre”), jowl from Old English ċēafl; German Kiefer (“jaw”).


billy

Of obscure origin. Perhaps a variant of bully (“companion, mate, comrade”). Compare Scots billie (“a comrade; companion”). Compare also Middle Low German billig (“equitable, reasonable, lawful, fitting, according to natural law, just”).

unk

Of obscure origin


billy

Uncertain, but probably extracted from Scots billypot (“a type of cooking pot”), perhaps originally from the name Billy, a diminutive of William.
The condom sense from the E-Rotic song Willy, Use a Billy... Boy, referring in turn to Billy Boy, a German brand of condoms.

cog

A term applied to various machines or implements:

Let's get the billy and cook some beans.

We had been absent from civilisation, so long, that our tin billies, the only boiling utensils we had, got completely worn or burnt out at the bottoms, and as the boilings for glue and oil must still go on, what were we to do with billies with no bottoms?

1889, Ernest Giles, Australia Twice Traversed, published 2004, page 239:

Oh there once was a swagman camped in the billabong,
Under the shade of a coolibah tree,
And he sang as he looked at the old billy boiling,
'Who'll come a'waltzing Matilda, with me.'

1895, “Waltzing Matilda”, Banjo Paterson (lyrics):

Mother prepared a splendid picnic. […] Rugs, food and the black billy for making tea, were packed into the old baby buggy and we trundled it straight down Simcoe Street.

1942, Emily Carr, “Loyalty”, in The Book of Small, Toronto, Ont.: Oxford University Press, →OCLC:

Over the fence, in a shallow gully 100 metres away, this guy and his wife were living on the dirt in the open weather with just a blanket, billies, a dog and a transistor radio. They didn't even have water.

2011, Rod Moss, The Hard Light of Day: An Artist's Story of Friendships in Arrernte Country, unnumbered page:

(Australia, New Zealand) A tin with a swing handle used to boil tea over an open fire; a billycan; a billypot.

kēna

A billycan, a small pot for heating water over a fire

(Australia, slang) A bong for smoking marijuana.


bor

English: boar

Scots: bair

Yola: boar

From Old English bār, from Proto-West Germanic *bair.

(rare, heraldic) A heraldic image of a boar.


cocktail

→ Catalan: còctel

→ Czech: koktejl

→ Dutch: cocktail

→ Esperanto: koktelo

→ Finnish: cocktail

→ French: cocktail

→ Galician: cóctel

→ German: Cocktail

→ Greek: κοκτέιλ (koktéil)

→ Hungarian: koktél

→ Italian: cocktail

→ Japanese: カクテル (kakuteru)

→ Korean: 칵테일 (kakteil)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: cocktail

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: cocktail

→ Polish: koktajl

→ Portuguese: coquetel

→ Russian: кокте́йль (koktéjlʹ) (see there for further descendants)

→ Spanish: cóctel, coctel

→ Swedish: cocktail

→ Thai: ค็อกเทล (kɔ́k-teel)

→ Turkish: kokteyl

→ Vietnamese: cocktail

Early 17th century, from cock (“male bird”) + tail, in the sense “(a horse with its) tail standing up, like a cock’s”. The origin of the extension to “an alcoholic mixed drink” is unknown. One theory is that it refers to a simulant (gingering), hence a simulating drink; compare pick-me-up. Another attested use is for non-thoroughbred racehorses: these were considered "cock-tailed" due to their docked tails. This may have led to the term "cocktail" (sense 1) being used for an adulterated spirit.

A species of rove beetle, so called from its habit of elevating the tail.


монгол

ru-noun+

монго́л • (mongól) m anim (genitive монго́ла, nominative plural монго́лы, genitive plural монго́лов, feminine монго́лка)

монго́л (canonical)
mongól (romanization)
монго́ла (genitive)
монго́лы (nominative plural)
монго́лов (genitive plural)
монго́лка (feminine)
монго́л (nominative singular)
монго́лы (nominative plural)
монго́ла (genitive singular)
монго́лов (genitive plural)
монго́лу (dative singular)
монго́лам (dative plural)
монго́ла (accusative singular)
монго́лов (accusative plural)
монго́лом (instrumental singular)
монго́лами (instrumental plural)
монго́ле (prepositional singular)
монго́лах (plural prepositional)

Borrowed from Mongolian монгол (mongol).


blunt

From Middle English blunt, blont, from Old English *blunt (attested in the derivative Blunta (male personal name) (> English surnames Blunt, Blount)), probably of North Germanic origin, possibly related to Old Norse blunda (“to doze”) (> Icelandic blunda, Swedish blunda, Danish blunde).


blunt

blunt (nominative singular)
blunty (nominative plural)
blunta (genitive singular)
bluntów (genitive plural)
bluntowi (dative singular)
bluntom (dative plural)
blunta (accusative singular)
blunty (accusative plural)
bluntem (instrumental singular)
bluntami (instrumental plural)
bluncie (locative singular)
bluntach (locative plural)
bluncie (singular vocative)
blunty (plural vocative)


cannot

Related to French cane (“(female) duck”) and canard (“duck; drake”); see there for more. Cognate with French canot (“little boat”).


concord

en-noun

concord (countable and uncountable, plural concords)

From French concorde, Latin concordia, from concors (“of the same mind, agreeing”); con- + cor, cordis (“heart”). See heart, and compare accord.

(grammar) Agreement of words with one another, in gender, number, person, or case.

The concord or agreement may be made of an estate and fee-simple, fee-tail, or life or for years; it may be also of divers remainders, and that to them that are no parties but strangers to the fine; it may be also single or double, with a render back again of some estate of the same land or some rent out of it; so a concord may have in it reservation of rent, a clause of distress or nomine poenae and a warranty.

1792, Edward Wood, John Joseph Powell, A Complete Body of Conveyancing: In Theory and Practice, page 548:

And in all these, and such like cases, as before, where the concord is not formal, the judges ought not to receive the fine nor suffer it to pass; but if they do, and the fine be finished, it cannot afterwards be avoided by writ of error, or otherwise, for these faults.

1808, William Sheppard, The Touchstone of Common Assurances:

This concord was the foundation or substance of the fine; being, in form and in fact, the grant or conveyance intended to be given, and was acknowledged either openly in court, or before one of the judges, or before two or more commissioners empowered by a special authority. With this acknowledgment, all the essential parts of the fine were completed.

1850, Alexander Mansfield Burrill, A New Law Dictionary and Glossary, page 492:

The foot of a fine was a copy of an agreement ( the final concord ) reached in a court of law, usually the Court of Common Pleas, following a dispute over land ownership.

1994, The Local Historian - Volumes 24-25, page 66:

(law, obsolete) An agreement between the parties to a fine of land in reference to the manner in which it should pass, being an acknowledgment that the land in question belonged to the complainant. See fine.


concord

After Concord, Massachusetts, where the variety was developed.

A variety of sweet American grape, with large dark blue (almost black) grapes in compact clusters; a Concord grape.


compound

en-verb

compound (third-person singular simple present compounds, present participle compounding, simple past and past participle compounded)

compounds (present singular third-person)
compounding (participle present)
compounded (participle past)
compounded (past)

From Middle English compounen, from Middle French componre, compondre (“to put together”), from Latin componō, from Latin com- (“together”) + ponō (“to put”).

At the hill, the Warrior must have been at least ten lengths in front of Wild Dayrell; but he compounded about 200 yards on the T. Y. C. side of the Red House.

1855, The Sporting Review, volume 34, page 240:

(horse racing, intransitive) Of a horse: to fail to maintain speed.


femina

la-noun

fēmina f (genitive fēminae); first declension

fēmina (canonical feminine)
fēminae (genitive)
fēmina (nominative singular)
fēminae (nominative plural)
fēminae (genitive singular)
fēminārum (genitive plural)
fēminae (dative singular)
fēminīs (dative plural)
fēminam (accusative singular)
fēminās (accusative plural)
fēminā (ablative singular)
fēminīs (ablative plural)
fēmina (singular vocative)
fēminae (plural vocative)

Dalmatian:

femia

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: feamin

Romanian: famen

→ Albanian: femër, femën — Gheg

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: femina

Istriot: fimana

Italian: femmina

Neapolitan: femmena

Sicilian: fìmmina

Sardinian:

femina, emina, femia

Padanian:

Lombard: femna, fomna, fonna

Friulian: femine

Ladin: femena

Piedmontese: fomna, fombra, fomla

Romansch: femna

Venetan: fémena

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: fèna

desctree

Old French: fame, fam, feme
Bourbonnais-Berrichon: fonne
Bourguignon: fanne, fonne
Champenois: fanme, fonme, fomme
Gallo: fame, fom
Lorrain: fomme
Middle French: femme (see there for further descendants)
Norman: femme, fâme, faume, faumme (Guernsey), foume (continental Normandy), fenme (Cotentin), foume, fenme
Picard: fanme, féme, feume
Walloon: feme
→ Middle English: femme, feme
English: femme, feme

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: fembra

Old Occitan: femna, feme

Occitan: femna, (Gascon) hemna, frema

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: fema

Old Galician-Portuguese: femea, femẽa
Galician: femia, fema, fémea
Portuguese: fêmeo, fêmea (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: femna, fembra
Spanish: hembra
→ English: hembra

Borrowings:

→ Ido: femino

→ English: femina (perhaps via Italian)

→ Spanish: fémina

From Proto-Italic *fēmanā, from earlier *θēmanā, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-m̥h₁n-éh₂ (“[the one] nursing, breastfeeding”), the feminine mediopassive participle of *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suck, suckle”). Related to fellō, fētus, fīlius.

der

conveniunt, quibus aut odium crudele tyranni
aut metus acer erat; navis, quae forte paratae,
corripiunt, onerantque auro: portantur avari

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.361–364

Those came together that either felt ruthless hate or bitter fear for their tyrant. They seized ships that had incidentally already been arranged and loaded them with gold. The treasures of avaricious Pygmalion were carried to the sea; the leader of the action was a woman.

Pygmalionis opes pelago; dux femina facti.

Prius quam messim facies, porcam praecidaneam hoc modo fieri oportet. Cereri porca praecidanea porco femina, prius quam hasce fruges condantur: far, triticum, hordeum, fabam, semen rapicium. thure, vino Iano Iovi Iunoni praefato, prius quam porcum feminam immolabis.

234 BCE – 149 BCE, Cato the Elder, De Agri Cultura 134.1

Before you carry out the harvest, it is proper to offer the porca praecidanea in this manner. Offer to Ceres a female pig as porca praecidanea before these crops are stored: emmer, wheat, barley, beans, and rapeseed. With incense and wine, offer a prayer to Janus, Jupiter, and Juno before you sacrifice the female pig.

Nam primum aliae (bestiae) mares, aliae feminae sunt, quod perpetuitatis causa machinata natura est, deinde partes corporis et ad procreandum et ad concipiendum aptissimae, et in mari et in femina commiscendorum corporum mirae libidines; …

To begin with, some of them (animals) are of gender males, others females, the which is for nature's perpetuity wrought, whence of each their parts in procreation and conceiving be optimal, and so the wanton desires in male and female towards sexual union of their own body; …

“Paelicem” autem appellatam probrosamque habitam, quae iuncta consuetaque esset cum eo in cuius manu mancipioque alia matrimonii causa foret, hac antiquissima lege ostenditur, quam Numae regis fuisse accepimus: “Paelex aedem Iunonis ne tangito; si tangit, Iunoni crinibus demissis agnum feminam caedito.”

c. 177 CE, Aulus Gellius, Noctes Atticae 4.3.3.6

1927 translation by John C. Rolfe
Moreover, a woman was called paelex, or “concubine,” and regarded as infamous, if she lived on terms of intimacy with a man who had another woman under his legal control in a state of matrimony, as is evident from this very ancient law, which we are told was one of king Numa’s: “Let no concubine touch the temple of Juno; if she touch it, let her, with hair unbound, offer up a ewe lamb to Juno.”


puro

→ English: puro

→ Greek: πούρο (poúro)

→ Turkish: puro

Inherited from Old Spanish puro, from Latin pūrus. In the noun sense short for cigarro puro, a product to be smoked that is made – unlike the cigarette – of “tabaco puro, sin papel” (pure tobacco, without paper). Note that in Spanish the unqualified term cigarro can also refer to a cigarette.


cinch

en-verb

cinch (third-person singular simple present cinches, present participle cinching, simple past and past participle cinched)

cinches (present singular third-person)
cinching (participle present)
cinched (participle past)
cinched (past)

Borrowed from Occitan cencha, from Latin cincta, or from Spanish cincha (“a belt or girth”), from Late Latin cingula, from Latin cingulum. Doublet of cingle.

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-cinch.wav

[Ostriches] also lack the tiny hooks, or barbicels, that cinch feathers together in most other birds.

2020 August 4, Richard Conniff, “They may look goofy, but ostriches are nobody’s fool”, in National Geographic Magazine:


boo

Of unknown origin, possibly from boojum, from a fancied resemblance of the plants. First appears c. 1959 in Esquire Magazine.

[…] sexually promiscuous girl who smoked boo all day and socialized with junkies when she wasn't busy banging away in bed […]

1967, George E. Andrews, Simon Vinkenoog, The Book of Grass: An Anthology on Indian Hemp, page 213:

Like I have smoked boo, drunk whiskey, and shot dope, and I was going through all three bags at once.

1984, Raphael S. Ezekiel, Voices from the corner: poverty and racism in the inner city, page 56:

Grandpa doesn't want Grandma and their kids and grandkids to know that he had to get penicillin shots all the time, or that he smoked boo (marijuana) on a daily basis, or that he dealt in the black market, or that he had yobos (purchased live-in sex slaves).

2019, Ron Cook, On Guard in the General's Chorus, page 2:


john

From the male given name John (q.v.), whose ubiquity led to extensive use of the name in generic contexts. Its use for toilets derives from John and Cousin John, which both probably relate to jacques and jakes, used in equivalent senses by the British and Irish.


ruddy

en-adj

ruddy (comparative ruddier, superlative ruddiest)

ruddier (comparative)
ruddiest (superlative)

From Middle English ruddy, rody, rudi, from Old English rudiġ (“reddish; ruddy”), from rudu (“redness”), equivalent to rud (“redness”) + -y. Compare Icelandic roði (“redness”).
The British slang sense expressing irritation is presumably a euphemism for bloody.

Drystone walls, farm buildings and stone cottages, roofed with ruddy tiles, line the way and blend gently into the surrounding countryside.

1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 143:

Frank, who is narrow and ruddy, and who tended to wear a shirt and tie with a cherry-red beanie pulled low over one ear, swapped his white butcher’s coat for a puffer jacket, and led me outside

2020 September 1, Tom Lamont, “The butcher's shop that lasted 300 years (give or take)”, in The Guardian:

Reddish in color, especially of the face, fire, or sky.


ruddy

In winter, snow geese land at West Pond, a Robert Moses legacy that ought to be called Duck Soup: at this time of year look for ruddies, greater scaups, Northern pintails, American widgeons and gadwalls.

2007 November 4, Deborah Baldwin, “Close to Nature, and the Airport”, in New York Times:

Ground doves — two ruddies are shown here — are so called because they feed on the ground.

1987, Jürgen Nicolai, A Complete Introduction to Finches, Tfh Publications Incorporated, →ISBN, page 89:

Understandably, birders in the U.S. are advised to carefully distinguish Ruddies from the usually more-expected Common Ground-Doves [...]. (Brightly-colored, pinkish adult male Common Ground-Doves have been misidentified as male Ruddies on several occasions, however.) Unless the fortunate birder happens upon a Ruddy Ground-Dove amongst a flock of sparrows, it will often be necessary to sort through innumerable Inca Doves.

Common Ground-Dove — Fairly common permanent resident of better-watered valleys at lower elevations. Avoids town [...] Ironically, Ruddies often ignore the little flocks of closely related Commons, and choose to associate with Inca Doves.

2005, Richard Cachor Taylor, A Birder's Guide to Southeastern Arizona, page 237:

Out-of-state birders seeking Ruddy Ground Doves should be aware of two things. Ruddies associate much more frequently with Inca Doves than with Common Ground Doves. In fact, in eleven personal sightings of this species in Arizona, I have never seen a Ruddy with a Common nor has anyone else I know. [...] Perhaps this is a slow invasion, and forty years hence Ruddies will be so common ...

2008, Jim Burns, Jim Burns' Arizona Birds: From the Backyard to the Backwoods, University of Arizona Press, →ISBN, page 28:


ruddy

en-verb

ruddy (third-person singular simple present ruddies, present participle ruddying, simple past and past participle ruddied)

ruddies (present singular third-person)
ruddying (participle present)
ruddied (participle past)
ruddied (past)

The sunset ruddied our faces.

It ruddied all the copse-wood glen

1805, Walter Scott, “(please specify the page)”, in The Lay of the Last Minstrel: A Poem, London: […] [James Ballantyne] for Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, […], and A[rchibald] Constable and Co., […], →OCLC:


anas

la-noun

anās f (genitive anātis); third declension

anās (canonical feminine)
anātis (genitive)
anās (nominative singular)
anātēs (nominative plural)
anātis (genitive singular)
anātum (genitive plural)
anātī (dative singular)
anātibus (dative plural)
anātem (accusative singular)
anātēs (accusative plural)
anāte (ablative singular)
anātibus (ablative plural)
anās (singular vocative)
anātēs (plural vocative)


bock

head

bock m (genitive singular bock, plural buick)

bock (genitive singular)
buick (plural)
bock
vock
mock

From Old Irish boc, poc, pocc (“he-goat”) (compare Irish boc).


bock

bock (indefinite nominative singular)
bocks (genitive indefinite singular)
bocken (definite nominative singular)
bockens (definite genitive singular)
bockar (indefinite nominative plural)
bockars (genitive indefinite plural)
bockarna (definite nominative plural)
bockarnas (definite genitive plural)

From Old Swedish bukker, bokker, from Old Norse bokkr, bukkr, from Proto-Germanic *bukkaz‚ from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuǵno-, *bʰukkos, *bʰugkó-.


bole

English: bull

Scots: bul, bull

From a mixture of Old English bula, *bulla, and Old Norse boli, both from Proto-Germanic *bulô.


brant

From New Latin/Medieval Latin Branta, latinized form of Old Norse brandgás (“sheldrake”), literally "burnt (black) goose," from Proto-Germanic *brandaz (“burning”) + *gans (“goose”).

I have given you roe and reindeer, / I have given you brant and beaver, / Filled the marshes full of wild-fowl, / Filled the rivers full of fishes; / Why then are you not contented? / Why then will you hunt each other?

1855, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, “Book I”, in The Song of Hiawatha:

Branta bernicla
Branta bernicla#Translingual

(Canada, US) Any of several wild geese, of the genus Branta, that breed in the Arctic, but especially the brent goose, Branta bernicla.


bumble

* Verb: Frequentative of boom and/or bum, equivalent to bum + -le.
* Noun: From the verb.

(UK, Ireland, dialect) The Eurasian bittern.


burley

en-noun

burley (countable and uncountable, plural burleys)

Unknown. Compare the personal name Burley.

The price received by farmers at the auctions for burley has decreased, other conditions being about average, around 1.45 cents for each 10-million-pound increase in the production of burley

1952, Glenn Leroy Johnson, Burley Tobacco Control Programs, page 59:

(US) A tobacco grown mainly in Kentucky, used in making cigarettes.

Fish will swim up your burley trail looking for the source which should be where your baits are placed, instead of dumping a heap of burley at once where the fish will feed on it quickly and move on.

2018, Jacks Boric, “Fishing with Burley”, in Shimano Fishing Oceania:

(Australia) Blood and offal used by fishermen to attract fish.


cervix

la-noun

cervīx f (genitive cervīcis); third declension

cervīx (canonical feminine)
cervīcis (genitive)
cervīx (nominative singular)
cervīcēs (nominative plural)
cervīcis (genitive singular)
cervīcum (genitive plural)
cervīcī (dative singular)
cervīcibus (dative plural)
cervīcem (accusative singular)
cervīcēs (accusative plural)
cervīce (ablative singular)
cervīcibus (ablative plural)
cervīx (singular vocative)
cervīcēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Romanian: cerbice

Gallo-Romance:

Old Catalan: serviu

Old French: cerviz ⇒ cervele, chervele (Picard)

Middle French: cevich

Old Occitan: cervitz ⇒ cervigal

Ibero-Romance:

Portuguese: cerviz

Spanish: cerviz

Italo-Romance:

Italian: cervice

Sicilian: cirbici

Borrowings:

→ Catalan: cèrvix

→ Dutch: cervix

→ English: cervix

→ Malay: serviks

→ Portuguese: cérvice, cérvix

→ Romanian: cervix

→ Spanish: cervix

According to one hypothesis, from Proto-Italic *kerweyks, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂(s)weyk-s, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-(s-) (“the head”) (compare cerebrum) and *weyk- (“to curve, bend”) (compare vinciō), literally “where the head turns”. De Vaan rejects this etymology, calling it "semantically very doubtful".

der

apta iugō cervīx nōn est feriendā secūrī:

The neck suitable for the yoke should not be struck by the axe:
may it live long and labor often in the hard soil.
(Agriculture dawns as Ceres teaches humans to yoke oxen to the plow and instead use other animals for sacrificial rites. See Ceres (mythology).)

levis odorato cervix manabit olivo

30 BCE – 16 BCE, Propertius, Elegies 3.17–18

Your smooth throat glistening with scented oil
the flowing robe will brush your naked feet.


chaw

en-noun

chaw (countable and uncountable, plural chaws)

From Middle English chawen, an unexplained variation of chewen (“to chew”). See chew for more. Cognate with Middle Dutch cauwen ("to chew"; whence Dutch kauwen), obsolete Dutch kauw (“the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco”), Middle Low German kauwen, kauen (“to chew”). Compare also Old English ġecow (“that which is chewed, food”) and *ġeċēow (“chewing”), whence Middle English icheu (“gnawing, biting”).

gl

"to chew"; whence Dutch <i class="Latn mention" lang="nl">kauwen</i>

cog

When the doctor told him to quit smoking, Harvey switched to chaw, but then developed cancer of the mouth.

"YOU give him a chaw, did you? So did your sister's cat's grandmother. You pay me back the chaws you've awready borry'd off'n me, Lafe Buckner, then I'll loan you one or two ton of it, and won't charge you no back intrust, nuther."

1889, Mark Twain, chapter 21, in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn:

He […] went into the store and behind the counter and reached up and got the plug of chewing tobacco and unwrapped it and bit off a chaw.

(Appalachia, informal, uncountable) Chewing tobacco.


distemper

en-noun

distemper (countable and uncountable, plural distempers)

From Old French destemprer, from Latin distemperare.

(veterinary medicine, pathology) A viral disease of animals, such as dogs and cats, characterised by fever, coughing and catarrh.


dobbin

dobbin (countable and uncountable, plural dobbins)

From Dobbin, a common name given to workhorses.

(UK, dialect, uncountable) Sea gravel mixed with sand.


dor

head

dor (comparative dorrak, superlative iň dor)

dorrak (comparative)
iň dor (superlative)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tōrug (“bay”). Cognate with Turkish doru.


dun

From Middle English dun, donn, dunne, from Old English dunn (“dun, dingy brown, bark-colored, brownish black”), from Proto-West Germanic *duʀn, from Proto-Germanic *duznaz, *dusnaz (“brown, yellow”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke, raise dust”). Cognate with Old Saxon dun (“brown, dark”), Old High German tusin (“ash-gray, dull brown, pale yellow, dark”), Old Norse dunna (“female mallard; duck”).
Alternative etymology derives the Old English word from Brythonic (compare Middle Welsh dwnn (“dark (red)”)), from Proto-Celtic *dusnos (compare Old Irish donn and Scottish Gaelic donn (“brown”)), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰews- (compare Old Saxon dosan (“chestnut brown”)). More at dusk.

cog

dun:


eider

From Icelandic æðar, genitive of æðr, probably reaching English via Swedish eider (now ejder), from a North Germanic root.

Polysticta stelleri
Polysticta stelleri#Translingual

Any of the species of Somateria spp. and Polysticta stelleri or of the seaduck subfamily Merginae, which line their nests with fine down (taken from their own bodies).


eider

nl-noun

eider m (plural eiders, diminutive eidertje n)

eiders (plural)
eidertje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from Icelandic æðr or German Eider, the latter also derives from Icelandic.


eider

eideri (plural)
eider (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
eiderul (accusative definite nominative singular)
eideri (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
eiderii (accusative definite nominative plural)
eider (indefinite singular)
eiderului (definite singular)
eideri (indefinite singular)
eiderilor (definite plural)
eiderule (singular vocative)
eiderilor (vocative)

Borrowed from French eider, from Icelandic æður. Ultimately from Old Norse æðr.


eyer

head

eyer (definite accusative eyeri, plural eyerler)

eyeri (accusative definite)
eyerler (plural)
eyer (nominative singular)
eyerler (nominative plural)
eyeri (accusative definite singular)
eyerleri (accusative definite plural)
eyere (dative singular)
eyerlere (dative plural)
eyerde (locative singular)
eyerlerde (locative plural)
eyerden (ablative singular)
eyerlerden (ablative plural)
eyerin (genitive singular)
eyerlerin (genitive plural)
eyerim (first-person nominative singular)
eyerlerim (first-person nominative singular)
eyerin (nominative second-person singular)
eyerlerin (nominative second-person singular)
eyeri (nominative singular third-person)
eyerleri (nominative singular third-person)
eyerimiz (first-person nominative plural)
eyerlerimiz (first-person nominative plural)
eyeriniz (nominative plural second-person)
eyerleriniz (nominative plural second-person)
eyerleri (nominative plural third-person)
eyerimi (accusative definite first-person singular)
eyerlerimi (accusative definite first-person singular)
eyerini (accusative definite second-person singular)
eyerlerini (accusative definite second-person singular)
eyerini (accusative definite singular third-person)
eyerlerini (accusative definite singular third-person)
eyerimizi (accusative definite first-person plural)
eyerlerimizi (accusative definite first-person plural)
eyerinizi (accusative definite plural second-person)
eyerlerinizi (accusative definite plural second-person)
eyerlerini (accusative definite plural third-person)
eyerime (dative first-person singular)
eyerlerime (dative first-person singular)
eyerine (dative second-person singular)
eyerlerine (dative second-person singular)
eyerine (dative singular third-person)
eyerlerine (dative singular third-person)
eyerimize (dative first-person plural)
eyerlerimize (dative first-person plural)
eyerinize (dative plural second-person)
eyerlerinize (dative plural second-person)
eyerlerine (dative plural third-person)
eyerimde (first-person locative singular)
eyerlerimde (first-person locative singular)
eyerinde (locative second-person singular)
eyerlerinde (locative second-person singular)
eyerinde (locative singular third-person)
eyerlerinde (locative singular third-person)
eyerimizde (first-person locative plural)
eyerlerimizde (first-person locative plural)
eyerinizde (locative plural second-person)
eyerlerinizde (locative plural second-person)
eyerlerinde (locative plural third-person)
eyerimden (ablative first-person singular)
eyerlerimden (ablative first-person singular)
eyerinden (ablative second-person singular)
eyerlerinden (ablative second-person singular)
eyerinden (ablative singular third-person)
eyerlerinden (ablative singular third-person)
eyerimizden (ablative first-person plural)
eyerlerimizden (ablative first-person plural)
eyerinizden (ablative plural second-person)
eyerlerinizden (ablative plural second-person)
eyerlerinden (ablative plural third-person)
eyerimin (first-person genitive singular)
eyerlerimin (first-person genitive singular)
eyerinin (genitive second-person singular)
eyerlerinin (genitive second-person singular)
eyerinin (genitive singular third-person)
eyerlerinin (genitive singular third-person)
eyerimizin (first-person genitive plural)
eyerlerimizin (first-person genitive plural)
eyerinizin (genitive plural second-person)
eyerlerinizin (genitive plural second-person)
eyerlerinin (genitive plural third-person)

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ایر or اگر (eyer), from Proto-Turkic *ēder.
Cognates
Azerbaijani yəhər
Bashkir эйәр (eyər)
Chuvash йӗнер (jĕner)
Crimean Tatar eger
Gagauz ер
Karachay-Balkar иер (iyer)
Karaim эр
Karakhanid اَذَرْ (eδer)
Kazakh ер (er)
Khakas изер (izer)
Kumyk ер (yer)
Kyrgyz ээр (eer)
Nogai иер (iyer)
Shor эзер
Southern Altai ээр (eer)
Tatar ияр (iyar), iyär
Tofa ээ
Turkmen eýer
Tuvan эзер (ezer)
Uyghur ئىگەر (iger)
Uzbek egar
Yakut ыҥыыр (ıñıır)

cog

Yakut ыҥыыр (ıñıır)

col

Azerbaijani <i class="Latn mention" lang="az">yəhər</i>

Bashkir <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ba">эйәр</i> (eyər)

Crimean Tatar <i class="Latn mention" lang="crh">eger</i>

Gagauz <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="gag">ер</i>

Chuvash <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="cv">йӗнер</i> (jĕner)

Karachay-Balkar <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="krc">иер</i> (iyer)

Karaim <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="kdr">эр</i>

Karakhanid <i class="Arab mention" lang="xqa">اَذَرْ</i> (eδer)

Kazakh <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="kk">ер</i> (er)

Khakas <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="kjh">изер</i> (izer)

Kumyk <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="kum">ер</i> (yer)

Kyrgyz <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ky">ээр</i> (eer)

Nogai <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="nog">иер</i> (iyer)

Shor <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="cjs">эзер</i>

Southern Altai <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="alt">ээр</i> (eer)

Tuvan <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="tyv">эзер</i> (ezer)

Tofa <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="kim">ээ</i>

Turkmen <i class="Latn mention" lang="tk">eýer</i>

Uyghur <i class="Arab ug-Arab mention" lang="ug">ئىگەر</i> (iger)

Uzbek <i class="Latn mention" lang="uz">egar</i>

Yakut <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="sah">ыҥыыр</i> (ıñıır)


flax

en-noun

flax (countable and uncountable, plural flaxes)

From Middle English flax, from Old English fleax, from Proto-Germanic *flahsą, from Proto-Indo-European *pleḱ- (“to plait”). Cognate with Old Frisian flax, Dutch vlas, Old High German flahs (German Flachs); the Northern Germanic (and most likely the Gothic too) stem is different.

The flax bush, a plant of the genus Phormium, native to New Zealand, with strap-like leaves up to 3 metres long that grow in clumps.


gait

From Middle English gate (“way”), from Old Norse gata (“road”), from Proto-Germanic *gatwǭ. Compare gate.

(equestrianism) One of the different ways in which a horse can move, either naturally or as a result of training.


gall

Inherited from Latin gallus. Compare Occitan gal, Old French jal, Spanish gallo.


ganger

From Middle English ganger, from Old English gangere (“a ganger, footman”), equivalent to gang + -er. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Gunger, West Frisian gonger, Dutch ganger, German Gänger, Danish gjænger, ganger, Swedish gängare, Icelandic gangari.

inh

(nautical) A length of chain, one end of which is fastened to an anchor when let go, when the other end is fastened to a hawser.


gilt

From Middle English gilt, gylt, from Old Norse gyltr; compare geld and yelt.

(UK, regional) A young female pig, at or nearing the age of first breeding.


goer

From Middle English goere, equivalent to go + -er. Compare German Geher (“goer, walker”).

[…] multiple calls on Southwark's ground. From the radio traffic it sounded like they had a goer.

2023, A. J. Taylor, Firefighting: Better than Working for a Living:

(firefighting, slang) A fire incident in progress.


hackle

en-noun

hackle (countable and uncountable, plural hackles)

From Middle English hakle (compare the compound meshakele), from Old English hæcla, hacele, from Proto-Germanic *hakulǭ, equivalent to hack + -le. Cognate with Dutch hekel, German Hechel.

An instrument with steel pins used to comb out flax or hemp.

Any flimsy substance unspun, such as raw silk.


hackle

en-verb

hackle (third-person singular simple present hackles, present participle hackling, simple past and past participle hackled)

hackles (present singular third-person)
hackling (participle present)
hackled (participle past)
hackled (past)

Then, with a smile that seemed to have all the freshness of the matutinal hour in it, she bent again to her work of hackling flax.

1891, Mary Noailles Murfree, In the "Stranger People's" Country, Nebraska, published 2005, page 155:

To dress (flax or hemp) with a hackle; to prepare fibres of flax or hemp for spinning.

(transitive) To separate, as the coarse part of flax or hemp from the fine, by drawing it through the teeth of a hackle or hatchel.


hob

Related to hub, but the ultimate origin of both words is obscure.


hock

en-noun

hock (countable and uncountable, plural hocks)

That night he strolled into the Palette Club about eleven o’clock, and found Trevor sitting by himself in the smoking-room drinking hock and seltzer.

1891 [1887], Oscar Wilde, “The Model Millionaire”, in Lord Arthur Savile's Crime and Other Stories:

The dinner that they sat down to in the fly-specked dining-room was of boiled beef and carrots, with a turgid ginger pudding to follow, though Grierson went down to the cellar himself and found some dusty bottles of hock, overlooked for years because there was no demand for it in a beer-drinking community.

1938, Norman Lindsay, Age of Consent, 1st Australian edition, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, published 1962, →OCLC, page 158:

A Rhenish wine, of a light yellow color, either sparkling or still, from the Hochheim region; often applied to all Rhenish wines.


hock

en-verb

hock (third-person singular simple present hocks, present participle hocking, simple past and past participle hocked)

hocks (present singular third-person)
hocking (participle present)
hocked (participle past)
hocked (past)

From Middle English hough, hoche, hokke, from Old English hōh, from Proto-Germanic *hanhaz (compare West Frisian hakke, Dutch hak, German Low German Hacke, Hack (“heel”)), from Proto-Indo-European *kenk- (compare Lithuanian kìnka (“leg, thigh, knee-cap”), kenklė̃ (“knee-cap”), Sanskrit कङ्काल (kaṅkāla, “skeleton”)).

cog

(transitive) To disable by cutting the tendons of the hock; to hamstring; to hough.


hock

Coordinate term: soda

(card games) The last card turned up in the game of faro.


hod

Probably an alteration of hot (“(Northern England, Scotland) large basket for carrying earth, etc.”), from Middle English hott, hote, hotte (“large basket or pannier for carrying earth, etc.; unit of measure for grain; hut or shed (perhaps originally of wattlework); lump of dirt (?)”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman and Old French hote, hotte (“large basket carried on the back”) (modern French hotte (“carrying basket”)), from Frankish *hotta (“basket”), perhaps from Proto-Germanic *hud- (“to shake”) (see further at etymology 1), ultimately an onomatopoeia of the swaying movement of such a basket (compare Middle Dutch hotten (“to jolt; shake”)).
(Cognates):
German Hotte (“wooden basket carried on the back; (specifically) basket for collecting grapes from a vineyard”) (Rhineland, Swabia), Hutte (“basket for collecting grapes from a vineyard”) (Alsace, Switzerland)
Late Latin hotta, hottus (“hod”)

col

Cognates

'Clerking' is perhaps the most difficult and most admired job on a racecourse. The next time you see a bookmaker at his hod, waving his ticket-filled hands, shouting the odds, look to his left, just back a bit—out of the limelight. The bloke sitting there with his head buried deep in a ledger is the clerk.

2006, Tommy Steele, chapter 6, in Bermondsey Boy: Memories of a Forgotten World, large print edition, Bath, Somerset: Windsor Paragon; BBC Audiobooks, published 2007, →ISBN, page 64:


hogger

(curling) A shot that comes to rest short of or on the far hog line and is removed from play.