acceptance

en-noun

acceptance (countable and uncountable, plural acceptances)

* First attested in 1574. From Middle French acceptance, from Old French accepter (“accept”). Equivalent to accept + -ance.

(horse racing, Australia, New Zealand, plural only) A list of horses accepted as starters in a race.


march

meirch (plural)
caseg (feminine)
march
farch (soft)

From Middle Welsh march, from Proto-Brythonic *marx, from Proto-Celtic *markos.


quarter

quarter (countable and uncountable, plural quarters)

From Middle English quarter, from Anglo-Norman quarter, from Latin quartarius, from quartus. Compare Spanish cuarto (“room, quarters; quarter”). Doublet of quartier.

cog

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-quarter.wav

çerek

one of four equal parts — see also one-fourth

[A]t last she kicked right over the carriage pole and fell down, after giving me a severe blow on my near quarter.

[1877], Anna Sewell, “A Strike for Liberty”, in Black Beauty: […], London: Jarrold and Sons, […], →OCLC, part II, page 106:

(farriery) The part on either side of a horse's hoof between the toe and heel, the side of its coffin.

quartier

part on either side of a horse's hoof between toe and heel


leg up

en-verb

leg up (third-person singular simple present legs up, present participle legging up, simple past and past participle legged up)

legs up (present singular third-person)
legging up (participle present)
legged up (participle past)
legged up (past)

(transitive, equestrianism) To walk a horse on a hard surface regularly.


馬

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (馬):
* → Japanese: 馬(ば) (ba)
* → Korean: 마(馬) (ma)
* → Vietnamese: mã (馬, “(xiangqi) horse; (chess) knight”)

desctree

→ Proto-Tai: *maːꟲ (“horse”)
Northern Tai
Bouyei: max
Zhuang: max
Central Tai
Tày: mạ
Nùng: mạ
Nong Zhuang: max
Proto-Southwestern Tai:
Ahom: 𑜉𑜠 (ma), 𑜉𑜡 (mā), 𑜉𑜡𑜠 (māa)
Thai: ม้า (máa)
Northern Thai: ᨾ᩶ᩣ
Lao: ມ້າ (mā)
Lü: ᦙᦱᧉ (maa²)
Tai Dam: ꪣ꫁ꪱ
Shan: မႃႉ (mâ̰a)
Tai Nüa: ᥛᥣᥳ (mȧa)

desc

→ Thai: เบ๊ (bée, “horse”) (via Teochew)

Cursive script (East Asia)
Semi-cursive script

Pictogram (象形) – a horse with its head facing the left, showing a flowing mane in the wind. In the bronze inscriptions, the head was often simplified into an eye (目 (mù)). The legs eventually evolved into four dots (灬 (huǒ), unrelated to 火 (huǒ)).
Contrast with 鹿 (lù, “deer”), which saw a very different development, and 𢊁 (as in 薦／荐 (jiàn)), which is a hybrid: it has the legs of 馬 (灬 (huǒ)) but the head of 鹿 (lù).
“Horse” – from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-m-raŋ ~ s-raŋ. The sense of “big” is derived from “horse”; compare the English uses of horse.
For the insect prefix sense, see 螞／蚂. It has converged with the sense of “big”.
The surname is popularly known to be prevalent among Hui Muslims, where it is likely derived from Arabic مُحَمَّد (muḥammad, “Muhammad”), although the surname 馬 itself predates Islam.

马
𫠉
傌
𢒗
𢒠
𢒧
𩡬
𩡮
抹
碼

阿胡拉·馬茲達

Āhúlā Mǎzīdá

阿胡拉·马兹达

Āhúlā Mǎzīdá

馬斯特里赫特

Mǎsītèlǐhètè


馬

Second grade kyōiku kanji (romanization)

牛馬

a small breed of horse, extinct since 1947


馬

馬 (canonical)
馬 (canonical)
uma (romanization)
頭 (counter)

Horse
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Nihon Shoki
Tokyo dialect
Tōkai–Tōsan dialects
ja:馬

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.
The initial m sound was apparently emphasized, possibly similar to *mma, becoming then uma or muma, via processes also seen in the word 梅 (ume, mume, “plum”). However, Pellard simply reconstructs Proto-Japonic *uma and treats the mentioned processes as secondary.
The ma sound denoting "horse" is common to a number of languages of central Asia, where horses were first domesticated, which has led some to speculate about a possible cognate root (but no consensus on any kind of relation exists). Compare Manchu ᠮᠣᡵᡳᠨ (morin, “horse”), Mongolian морь (morʹ, “horse”), Korean 말 (mal, “horse”), Mandarin 馬／马 (mǎ, “horse”), and Proto-Indo-European *márkos (“horse”) and descendants such as Irish marc (“horse”, archaic) or English mare (“female horse”). More at *márkos.

a sawhorse: a four-leg stand made of wood or iron for supporting other materials


馬

Shift from uma form, becoming more common starting from the Heian Period. This change later reverted, and muma is now considered obsolete.

阿志加良能 美佐可多麻波理 可閇理美須 阿例波久江由久 阿良志乎母 多志夜波婆可流 不破乃世伎 久江弖和波由久 牟麻能都米 都久志能佐伎尓 知麻利為弖 阿例波伊波々牟 母呂々々波 佐祁久等麻乎須 可閇利久麻弖尓

[I] received [the permission of the deity to cross] the Asigara slope, and I will cross over [it] without looking back. Will a tough man hesitate to depart? I will go crossing Pupa barrier. [I] will stay and dwell at the cape in Tukushi (9) [that is easy to wear off like] a horse’s hoof, and I will pray [and I] will ask [the deities] that everybody [at home would be] safe until return.

c. 935 Tosa Nikki
ふぢはらのときざね、ふなぢなれど、むまのはなむけす。

The truth of the time in Fujiwara, even if [I'm] at the boat road, [I] exchange my horse nose (su element is unknown).

c. 935 Tosa Nikki
けふはあをむまをおもへど、かひなし。

Today even thinking about the blue horse [New Year's festival] is in vain.


馬

Possibly from preform *Nma, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *Cma.


馬

First attested in the Liúqiú guăn yìyŭ (琉球館譯語), 1469-1470, as 烏馬 (uma).
In turn, from Proto-Ryukyuan *Mma, from Proto-Japonic *Cma.
Cognate with Japanese 馬 (uma).

馬(っんま)ー草(くさ)食(か)むん。


book

Sranan Tongo: buku

Tok Pisin: buk
→ Rotokas: vuku

→ Chichewa: buku

→ Hawaiian: puke

→ Malagasy: boky

→ Maori: pukapuka (with reduplication)

→ Marshallese: bok

→ Motu: buka

→ Malagasy: boky

→ Shona: bhuku

→ Somali: buugga

i

possibly also from Afrikaans <i class="Latn mention" lang="af">boek</i>

→ Sotho: buka (possibly also from Afrikaans boek)

→ Zulu: ibhuku (possibly also from Afrikaans boek)

From Middle English bok, book, from Old English bōc, from Proto-West Germanic *bōk, from Proto-Germanic *bōks. Eclipsed non-native Middle English livret, lyveret (“book, booklet”) from Old French livret (“book, booklet”). Bookmaker sense by clipping.

have more chins than a Chinese phone book

why buy a book when you can join a library

why buy a book when you can join the library

(horse racing) The list of mares that a stallion will breed in a given season.

(horse racing) A list of the races that a jockey is scheduled to ride in.


bit

From Middle English bitte, bite, from Old English bita (“bit; fragment; morsel”) and bite (“a bite; cut”), from Proto-Germanic *bitô and *bitiz; both from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyd- (“to split”). More at bite.
cognates
Cognate with West Frisian bit, Saterland Frisian Bit, Dutch bit, German Low German Beet, Biet, German Biss and Bissen, Danish bid, Swedish bit, Icelandic biti.

der

I trusted to the Lord to be with me; and at one of our trips to St. Eustatia, a Dutch island, I bought a glass tumbler with my half bit, and when I came to Montserrat I sold it for a bit, or sixpence.

1789, Olaudah Equiano, chapter 6, in The Interesting Narrative, volume I:

Applied to a various small units of currency and coins.

(historical) A unit of currency and coin of the British West Indies worth six black dogs, originally equal to one-eighth of a Spanish dollar but later increasingly debased to one tenth, one eleventh, one twelfth, etc.

(historical) A unit of currency of the Dutch West Indies in the early 20th century, worth one fifth of a cent.


prick

From Middle English prik, prikke, from Old English prica, pricu (“a sharp point, minute mark, spot, dot, small portion, prick”), from Proto-West Germanic *prikō, *priku, from Proto-Germanic *prikô, *prikō (“a prick, point”), of uncertain origin, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *breyǵ- (“to scrape, scratch, rub, prickle, chap”).
Cognate with West Frisian prik (“small hole”), West Frisian prikke (“penis”), Dutch prik (“point, small stick", also "penis”), Danish prik (“dot”), Icelandic prik (“dot, small stick”).

cog

(obsolete) A dot or other diacritical mark used in writing; a point.


prick

en-verb

prick (third-person singular simple present pricks, present participle pricking, simple past and past participle pricked)

pricks (present singular third-person)
pricking (participle present)
pricked (participle past)
pricked (past)

From Middle English prikken, from Old English prician, priccan (“to prick”), from Proto-Germanic *prikōną, *prikjaną (“to pierce, prick”), of uncertain origin; perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *breyǵ- (“to scrape, scratch, rub, prickle, chap”). Cognate with dialectal English pritch, Dutch prikken (“to prick, sting”), Middle High German pfrecken (“to prick”), Swedish pricka (“to dot, prick”), and possibly to Lithuanian įbrėžti (“to scrape, scratch, carve, inscribe, strike”).

cog

(transitive) To pierce or puncture slightly.

(farriery) To drive a nail into (a horse's foot), so as to cause lameness.

Seed should be sown thinly and evenly to enable seedlings to be pricked out without disturbing those that have just emerged. If there is space, seedlings should be pricked out individually, either into small pots or module trays.

2002 July 6, Carol Klein, “Coming up primroses”, in The Daily Telegraph (Gardening), archived from the original on 2013-02-15:

All three germinate well in pots and can be pricked out and potted on with no problems. [...] Grass seeds can be collected as the heads begin to break up. Sow them in late spring, prick out small bundles of seedlings into 7.5cm (3in) pots and transplant them in late May.

2005 October 22, Valerie Bourne, “Self-seeding”, in The Daily Telegraph (Gardening), archived from the original on 2013-11-24:

Geoff might prefer to "take control": to collect seed and sow it next spring, pricking out a few of the best seedlings, growing them on in pots next summer before planting them out in the autumn.

2015 September 21, Helen Yemm, “How to manage hollyhocks [print version: Hollyhock and elder care, evil weevils, 12 September 2015, page 7]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Gardening), archived from the original on 2015-09-25:

(horticulture) Usually in the form prick out: to plant (seeds or seedlings) in holes made in soil at regular intervals.


zebra

1600; borrowed from Italian zebra, from Portuguese zebra, zebro (“zebra”), from Old Galician-Portuguese enzebro, ezebra, azebra (“wild ass”), from earlier cebrario (882), ezebrario (897), from Vulgar Latin *eciferus, from Latin equiferus (“wild horse”) (Pliny), from equus (“horse”) + ferus (“wild”).
While the word was traditionally pronounced with a long vowel in the first syllable in standard English, during the twentieth century a vowel shift occurred in regions of England, with the shortening of the first vowel. This pronunciation is now used throughout the UK and most Commonwealth nations. The long-vowel pronunciation remains standard in Canadian and American English.
(unlikely diagnosis): Originates in the advice often given to medical students, "when you hear hoofbeats, think of horses, not zebras".
(referee): In reference to the black and white striped shirts they wear.

(informal) A zebra cichlid (Amatitlania nigrofasciata).


zebra

zebra (absolutive indefinite)
zebra (absolutive indefinite singular)
zebrak (absolutive indefinite plural)
zebrak (ergative indefinite)
zebrak (ergative indefinite singular)
zebrek (ergative indefinite plural)
zebrari (dative indefinite)
zebrari (dative indefinite singular)
zebrei (dative indefinite plural)
zebraren (genitive indefinite)
zebraren (genitive indefinite singular)
zebren (genitive indefinite plural)
zebrarekin (comitative indefinite)
zebrarekin (comitative indefinite singular)
zebrekin (comitative indefinite plural)
zebrarengatik (causative indefinite)
zebrarengatik (causative indefinite singular)
zebrengatik (causative indefinite plural)
zebrarentzat (benefactive indefinite)
zebrarentzat (benefactive indefinite singular)
zebrentzat (benefactive indefinite plural)
zebraz (indefinite instrumental)
zebraz (indefinite instrumental singular)
zebrez (indefinite instrumental plural)
zebrarengan (indefinite inessive)
zebrarengan (indefinite inessive singular)
zebrengan (indefinite inessive plural)
zebrarengana (allative indefinite)
zebrarengana (allative indefinite singular)
zebrengana (allative indefinite plural)
zebrarenganaino (indefinite terminative)
zebrarenganaino (indefinite singular terminative)
zebrenganaino (indefinite plural terminative)
zebrarenganantz (directive indefinite)
zebrarenganantz (directive indefinite singular)
zebrenganantz (directive indefinite plural)
zebrarenganako (destinative indefinite)
zebrarenganako (destinative indefinite singular)
zebrenganako (destinative indefinite plural)
zebrarengandik (ablative indefinite)
zebrarengandik (ablative indefinite singular)
zebrengandik (ablative indefinite plural)
zebrarik (indefinite partitive)
zebratzat (indefinite prolative)


zebra

Inherited from Old Catalan atzebra, from Old Galician-Portuguese *ezevra, *ezevro.


zebra

Borrowed from English zebra, from Italian zebra, from Portuguese zebra, zebro (“zebra”), from Old Galician-Portuguese enzebro, ezebra, azebra (“wild ass”), from earlier cebrario (882), ezebrario (897), from Vulgar Latin *eciferus, from Latin equiferus (“wild horse”) (Pliny), from equus (“horse”) + ferus (“wild”).

a zebra; any of three species of genus Equus: E. grevyi, E. quagga, or E. zebra, all with black and white stripes and native to Africa


zebra

zebra (nominative singular)
zebralar (nominative plural)
zebranıñ (genitive singular)
zebralarnıñ (genitive plural)
zebrağa (dative singular)
zebralarğa (dative plural)
zebranı (accusative singular)
zebralarnı (accusative plural)
zebrada (locative singular)
zebralarda (locative plural)
zebradan (ablative singular)
zebralardan (ablative plural)

Probably from Russian зебра (zebra), from Italian zebra


zebra

zebra (nominative singular)
zebry (nominative plural)
zebry (genitive singular)
zeber (genitive plural)
zebře (dative singular)
zebrám (dative plural)
zebru (accusative singular)
zebry (accusative plural)
zebro (singular vocative)
zebry (plural vocative)
zebře (locative singular)
zebrách (locative plural)
zebrou (instrumental singular)
zebrami (instrumental plural)


zebra

head

zebra c (singular definite zebraen, plural indefinite zebraer)

zebraen (definite singular)
zebraer (indefinite plural)
zebra (indefinite nominative singular)
zebraen (definite nominative singular)
zebraer (indefinite nominative plural)
zebraerne (definite nominative plural)
zebras (genitive indefinite singular)
zebraens (definite genitive singular)
zebraers (genitive indefinite plural)
zebraernes (definite genitive plural)


zebra

eo-head

zebra (accusative singular zebran, plural zebraj, accusative plural zebrajn)

zebran (accusative singular)
zebraj (plural)
zebrajn (accusative plural)


zebra

zebrák (plural)
zebra (nominative singular)
zebrák (nominative plural)
zebrát (accusative singular)
zebrákat (accusative plural)
zebrának (dative singular)
zebráknak (dative plural)
zebrával (instrumental singular)
zebrákkal (instrumental plural)
zebráért (causal-final singular)
zebrákért (causal-final plural)
zebrává (singular translative)
zebrákká (plural translative)
zebráig (singular terminative)
zebrákig (plural terminative)
zebraként (essive-formal singular)
zebrákként (essive-formal plural)
zebrában (inessive singular)
zebrákban (inessive plural)
zebrán (singular superessive)
zebrákon (plural superessive)
zebránál (adessive singular)
zebráknál (adessive plural)
zebrába (illative singular)
zebrákba (illative plural)
zebrára (singular sublative)
zebrákra (plural sublative)
zebrához (allative singular)
zebrákhoz (allative plural)
zebrából (elative singular)
zebrákból (elative plural)
zebráról (delative singular)
zebrákról (delative plural)
zebrától (ablative singular)
zebráktól (ablative plural)
zebráé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
zebráké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
zebráéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
zebrákéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
zebrám (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
zebráim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
zebrád (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
zebráid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
zebrája (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
zebrái (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
zebránk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
zebráink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
zebrátok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
zebráitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
zebrájuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
zebráik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)


zebra

(in the plural, informal) zebra crossing/crosswalk


zebra

zebra (striped mammal of the genus Equus)


zebra

la-noun

zebra f (genitive zebrae); first declension

zebrae (genitive)
zebra (nominative singular)
zebrae (nominative plural)
zebrae (genitive singular)
zebrārum (genitive plural)
zebrae (dative singular)
zebrīs (dative plural)
zebram (accusative singular)
zebrās (accusative plural)
zebrā (ablative singular)
zebrīs (ablative plural)
zebra (singular vocative)
zebrae (plural vocative)

[ˈd̪͡z̪ɛbrä]

[ˈd̪͡z̪ɛːbrä]


zebra

zebra (nominative singular)
zebras (nominative plural)
zebru (accusative singular)
zebras (accusative plural)
zebras (genitive singular)
zebru (genitive plural)
zebrai (dative singular)
zebrām (dative plural)
zebru (instrumental singular)
zebrām (instrumental plural)
zebrā (locative singular)
zebrās (locative plural)
zebra (singular vocative)
zebras (plural vocative)

Possibly ultimately from a Congolese name for the animal, via Portuguese, via some other European language. Possibly also ultimately from Latin equiferus (“wild horse”), via Portuguese and/or Italian.


zebra

zebra (nominative singular)
zebry (nominative plural)
zebry (genitive singular)
zebr (genitive plural)
zebrze (dative singular)
zebrom (dative plural)
zebrę (accusative singular)
zebry (accusative plural)
zebrą (instrumental singular)
zebrami (instrumental plural)
zebrze (locative singular)
zebrach (locative plural)
zebro (singular vocative)
zebry (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: zebra

zebra (any equid of the subgenus Hippotigris)


zebra

zȅbra (canonical feminine)
зе̏бра (Cyrillic)
zebra (nominative singular)
zebre (nominative plural)
zebre (genitive singular)
zebra (genitive plural)
zebri (dative singular)
zebrama (dative plural)
zebru (accusative singular)
zebre (accusative plural)
zebro (singular vocative)
zebre (plural vocative)
zebri (locative singular)
zebrama (locative plural)
zebrom (instrumental singular)
zebrama (instrumental plural)


zebra

zẹ̄bra (canonical feminine)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
zébra (nominative singular)
zébri (dual nominative)
zébre (nominative plural)
zébre (genitive singular)
zéber (dual genitive)
zéber (genitive plural)
zébri (dative singular)
zébrama (dative dual)
zébram (dative plural)
zébro (accusative singular)
zébri (accusative dual)
zébre (accusative plural)
zébri (locative singular)
zébrah (dual locative)
zébrah (locative plural)
zébro (instrumental singular)
zébrama (dual instrumental)
zébrami (instrumental plural)


zebra

zebra (indefinite nominative singular)
zebras (genitive indefinite singular)
zebran (definite nominative singular)
zebrans (definite genitive singular)
zebror (indefinite nominative plural)
zebrors (genitive indefinite plural)
zebrorna (definite nominative plural)
zebrornas (definite genitive plural)

Zebror är randiga / har ränder

– Vilket djur på savannen har bäst syn? – Zebra!
– Which animal on the savannah has the best eyesight? – Zebra! ["se-bra" (see-well) – widespread schoolyard joke, though the pronunciation doesn't match perfectly]


zebra

head

zebra (definite accusative zebrayı, plural zebralar)

zebrayı (accusative definite)
zebralar (plural)
zebra (nominative singular)
zebralar (nominative plural)
zebrayı (accusative definite singular)
zebraları (accusative definite plural)
zebraya (dative singular)
zebralara (dative plural)
zebrada (locative singular)
zebralarda (locative plural)
zebradan (ablative singular)
zebralardan (ablative plural)
zebranın (genitive singular)
zebraların (genitive plural)


hack

(falconry) A board which the falcon's food is placed on; used by extension for the state of partial freedom in which they are kept before being trained.


hack

en-verb

hack (third-person singular simple present hacks, present participle hacking, simple past and past participle hacked)

hacks (present singular third-person)
hacking (participle present)
hacked (participle past)
hacked (past)

Abbreviation of hackney (“an ordinary horse”), probably from place name Hackney.

(equestrianism) To ride a horse at a regular pace; to ride on a road (as opposed to riding cross-country etc.).


hack

en-noun

hack (countable and uncountable, plural hacks)

Unclear. Perhaps imitative; compare hock, hawk. Alternatively, perhaps from hack (“chop; do something difficult”) via the idea of doing something (like breathing) or with difficulty.


hobby

→ Catalan: hobby

→ Danish: hobby

→ Dutch: hobby

→ French: hobby

→ Galician: hobby

→ German: Hobby

→ Italian: hobby

→ Norwegian Bokmål: hobby

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: hobby

→ Polish: hobby

→ Portuguese: hobby

→ Romanian: hobby

→ Russian: хобби (xobbi)

→ Spanish: hobby

→ Swedish: hobby

Shortened from hobby-horse, from Middle English hoby, hobyn, hobin (“small horse, pony”), from Old French hobi, *haubi, haubby, hobin ("a nag, hobby"; > Modern French aubin, Italian ubino), of Germanic origin: from Old French hober, ober (“to stir, move”), from Old Dutch hobben (“to toss, move up and down”); or from North Germanic origin related to Danish hoppe (“a mare”), Old Swedish hoppa (“a young mare”), North Frisian hoppe (“horse”); both ultimately from Proto-Germanic *huppōną (“to hop”), from Proto-Indo-European *kewb- (“to bend; a bend, joint”). More at hop, hobble.
The meaning of hobby-horse shifted from "small horse, pony" to "child's toy riding horse" to "favorite pastime or avocation" with the connecting notion being "activity that doesn't go anywhere". Possibly originally from a proper name for a horse, a diminutive of Robert or Robin (compare dobbin).

der

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-hobby.wav

(equestrianism) An extinct breed of horse native to the British Isles, also known as the Irish Hobby


black

en-adj

black (comparative blacker or more black, superlative blackest or most black)

blacker (comparative)
more black (comparative)
blackest (superlative)
most black (superlative)

Bislama: blak

Sranan Tongo: blaka

Aukan: baaka

→ Caribbean Hindustani: blaaka

Tok Pisin: blak

Torres Strait Creole: blaik

→ Dutch: black

→ French: black

→ Greek: μπλάκης (blákis)

From Middle English blak, black, blake, from Old English blæc (“black, dark", also "ink”), from Proto-West Germanic *blak, from Proto-Germanic *blakaz (“burnt”) (compare Dutch blaken (“to burn”), Low German blak, black (“blackness, black paint, (black) ink”), Old High German blah (“black”)), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleg- (“to burn, shine”) (compare Latin flagrāre (“to burn”), Ancient Greek φλόξ (phlóx, “flame”), Sanskrit भर्ग (bharga, “radiance”)). More at bleak.
Sense 20 is a semantic loan from Cantonese 黑面 (hak1 min6, “to pull a long face, to scowl”).

sort

of coffee or tea, without milk or other whitener

After the election, the parties united in a black-yellow alliance.

(German politics) Related to the Christian Democratic Union of Germany.

زِنْجِيّ

relating to people with dark skin — see also dark-skinned
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musta

politics: related to the Christian Democratic Union of Germany


black

en-noun

black (countable and uncountable, plural blacks)

→ Japanese: ブラック (burakku)

→ Volapük: bläg

(countable, baseball) The edge of home plate.


ass

From Middle English asse, from Old English assa, back-formed from assen (“she-ass”), from Celtic (compare Old Irish asan, Old Cornish asen), from Latin asinus. Displaced Old English esol, from Proto-West Germanic *asil, also a loanword from the same Latin word. Sense “stupid person” from the animal's reputation for stubbornness, going back to antiquity (compare Latin asinus (“slow-witted person”)).

And Iesse tooke an asse laden with bread, and a bottle of wine, and a kid, and sent them by Dauid his sonne vnto Saul.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Samuel 16:20:

Thus the Aſſe having a peculiar mark of a croſſe made by a black liſt down his back, and another athwart, or at right angles down his ſhoulders; common opinion aſcribes this figure unto a peculiar ſignation; ſince that beaſt had the honour to bear our Saviour on his back.

1650, Thomas Browne, “Of the Same [i.e., the Blacknesse of Negroes]”, in Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], 2nd edition, London: […] A[braham] Miller, for Edw[ard] Dod and Nath[aniel] Ekins, […], →OCLC, 6th book, page 282:

[…] suddenly a man, in foreign garments: wonderfully real and distinct to look at: stood outside the window, with an axe stuck in his belt, and leading an ass laden with wood by the bridle.

1843 December 19, Charles Dickens, “Stave Two. The First of the Three Spirits.”, in A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, page 51:

In this section "animal" means any horse, cattle, ass, mule, sheep, pig, goat or dog.

1972, Parliament of the United Kingdom, “Part I, section 20(3)”, in Road Traffic Act 1972, page 14:

Any of several species of horse-like animals, especially Equus asinus, the domesticated of which are used as beasts of burden.


SP

SP (countable and uncountable, plural SPs)

He was an atheist, a rationalist, a medical student of no great distinction, an SP punter, a singer of bawdy songs, an acknowledged expert in matters erotic.

1985, Peter Carey, Illywhacker, Faber and Faber, published 2003, page 157:

It was the last time, too, when […] the races dominated the radio on Saturday afternoons and everyone had the number of an SP bookie.

1998, David Malouf, A First Place, Vintage, published 2015, page 196:


chestnut

chestnut (countable and uncountable, plural chestnuts)

→ Gujarati: ચેસ્ટનટ (cesṭanaṭ)

Formerly chesten nut, from Middle English chesten, Middle English chesteyne, chasteine, from Old English ċisten and reinforced by Old French chastaigne, both from Latin castānea, from Ancient Greek καστάνεια (kastáneia). Compare castanet.

pull someone's chestnuts out of the fire


gray

en-adj

gray (comparative grayer or more gray, superlative grayest or most gray)

grayer (comparative)
more gray (comparative)
grayest (superlative)
most gray (superlative)

From Middle English gray, from Old English grǣġ, from Proto-West Germanic *grāu, from Proto-Germanic *grēwaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰreh₁- (“to green, to grow”).
See also Dutch grauw, German grau, Old Norse grár); also Latin rāvus (“grey”), Old Church Slavonic зьрѭ (zĭrjǫ, “to see, to glance”), Russian зреть (zretʹ, “to watch, to look at”) (archaic), Lithuanian žeriù (“to shine”).


gray

Log-shaped barnacles become embedded in the hide of the gray.

1971 Mar, National Geographic, page 411:

Eschrichtius robustus
Eschrichtius robustus#Translingual


gray

Named after English physicist Louis Harold Gray (1905–1965).

named-after

Coordinate term: rad

International System of Units
International System of Units

In the International System of Units, the derived unit of absorbed dose of radiation (radiation absorbed by a patient); one joule of energy absorbed per kilogram of the patient's mass. Symbol: Gy


jump

Brill Publishers
hydraulic jump
jump cut
jump discontinuity
jump instruction

From Middle English jumpen (“to walk quickly, run, jump”), probably of Middle Low German or North Germanic origin, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *gumpōną ~ *gumbōną (“to hop, skip, jump”), an iterative verb. The OED suggests an imitative origin. Others have connected it to Ancient Greek ἀθεμβούσα (athemboúsa, “uninhibited”), which is unlikely. Related to jumble. In the sense “to propel oneself” it displaced leap partially and spring largely.
Cognates
Cognate with Middle Dutch gumpen (“to jump”), Low German jumpen (“to jump”), Middle High German gumpen, gampen (“to jump, hop”) (dialectal German gampen, Alemannic German gumpe, Walser dialect kumpu), Old Norse goppa (“to jump”) Danish gumpe (“to jolt”), Swedish gumpa (“to jump”), Danish gimpe (“to move up and down”), Middle English jumpren, jumbren (“to mix, jumble”).

onomatopoeic

imitative

قَفْزَة

instance of propelling oneself into the air — see also leap

Heartless managed the scale the first jump but fell over the second.

(sports, equestrianism) An obstacle that forms part of a showjumping course, and that the horse has to jump over cleanly.


burro

A small donkey, especially when used as a pack animal or one that is feral and lives in the southwestern United States or northern Mexico.


burro

gl-noun

burro m (plural burros, feminine burra, feminine plural burras)

burros (plural)
burra (feminine)
burras (feminine plural)

Ultimately from Latin burricus (“small horse”), from burrus (“red-brown”), from Ancient Greek πυρρός (purrhós, “flame colored”), from πῦρ (pûr, “fire”).


burro

Back-formation from burrico (“small donkey”), from Latin burricus (“small horse”), from burrus (“red-brown”), from Ancient Greek πυρρός (purrhós, “flame colored”), from πῦρ (pûr, “fire”).

back-form

quando um burro fala, o outro abaixa a orelha


burro

→ Ayutla Mixtec: mburu

→ Central Huasteca Nahuatl: borroj

→ Cora: puúruꞌu

→ English: burro

→ Highland Puebla Nahuatl: bu̱rroj

→ Morelos Nahuatl: burro

→ Oluta Popoluca: burru

→ Quechua: wuru

→ Taos: mùlduʼúna

→ Tataltepec Chatino: huru

→ Tetelcingo Nahuatl: puro

From borrico (“donkey”), from Latin burricus (“small horse”), from burrus (“red-brown”), from Ancient Greek πυρρός (purrhós, “flame colored”), from πῦρ (pûr, “fire”).

el burro delante, para que no se espante

si entre burros te ves, rebuzna alguna vez


hand

From Middle English hond, hand, from Old English hand, from Proto-West Germanic *handu, from Proto-Germanic *handuz.
See also Dutch and Swedish hand (“hand”), Danish hånd, German Hand, West Frisian hân). Perhaps compare Old Swedish hinna (“to gain”), Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌰-𐌷𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌰𐌽 (fra-hinþan, “to take captive, capture”); and Latvian sīts (“hunting spear”), Ancient Greek κεντέω (kentéō, “prick”), Albanian çandër (“pitchfork, prop”).

handvol

that which is, or may be, held in a hand at once

hand

set of cards held by a player in a card game

a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush

catch someone with a hand in the cookie jar

close only counts in horseshoes and hand grenades

give with one hand and take away with the other

one can't hold two watermelons in one hand

talk to the hand 'cause the face ain't listening

the hand that rocks the cradle is the hand that rules the world

the hand that rocks the cradle rules the world

the left hand doesn't know what the right hand is doing

Large farms need many farm hands.

But a Dictionary of this ſort, containing, as it were, a Natural Hiſtory, requires too many hands, as well as too much time, coſt, pains, and ſagacity, ever to be hoped for; and till that be done, we muſt content our ſelves with ſuch Definitions of the Names of Subſtances, as explain the ſenſe Men uſe them in.

1689 (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding. […], London: […] Eliz[abeth] Holt, for Thomas Basset, […], →OCLC, book III, page 259:

For this scene, a large number of supers are engaged, and in order to further swell the crowd, practically all the available stage hands have to ‘walk on’ dressed in various coloured dominoes, and all wearing masks.

1904–1905, Baroness Orczy [i.e., Emma Orczy], “The Affair at the Novelty Theatre”, in The Case of Miss Elliott, London: T[homas] Fisher Unwin, published 1905, →OCLC; republished as popular edition, London: Greening & Co., 1909, OCLC 11192831, quoted in The Case of Miss Elliott (ebook no. 2000141h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg of Australia, February 2020:

(especially in compounds) An agent; a servant, or manual laborer; a workman, trained or competent for special service or duty.

matroos

servant, laborer, workman, trained for special duty; a performer

(historical) A Native American gambling game, involving guessing the whereabouts of bits of ivory or similar, which are passed rapidly from hand to hand.


hand

en-verb

hand (third-person singular simple present hands, present participle handing, simple past and past participle handed)

hands (present singular third-person)
handing (participle present)
handed (participle past)
handed (past)

From Middle English handen, honden, from the noun (see above); and also from henden (> English hend), from Old English *hendan, ġehendan (“to seize by hand, grasp, hold”), from Proto-West Germanic *handijan, from Proto-Germanic *handijaną (“to take by hand, grasp”), from the noun (see above). Cognate with Old Frisian handa, henda (“to grasp, seize”), Middle Low German handen, henden (in derivatives), Dutch handen, henden (“to arrange, dispose, be handy”), Dutch overhandigen (“to hand, hand over”), Middle High German handen (“to cut, hew”), Middle High German henden (“to give hands to; take hold of, seize”), Old Norse henda (“to grasp, seize, take by hand”).

cog

wee will not hand a rope more

1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:

(transitive, obsolete) To seize; to lay hands on.


white

en-adj

white (comparative whiter or more white, superlative whitest or most white)

whiter (comparative)
more white (comparative)
whitest (superlative)
most white (superlative)

Bislama: waet

Sranan Tongo: weti

Aukan: weti

Saramaccan: wéti

Tok Pisin: wait

→ Japanese: ホワイト (howaito)

white fella

⇒ Nyunga: wadjela

white gin

⇒ Gamilaraay: waatyin

⇒ Ngiyambaa: wadjiin

⇒ Wiradjuri: waajin

Inherited from Middle English whit, hwit, from Old English hwīt, from Proto-West Germanic *hwīt, from Proto-Germanic *hwītaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweydós, a byform of *ḱweytós (“bright; shine”).
cognates
* West Frisian wyt
*Dutch wit
* German weiß
* German weiss
* Norwegian Bokmål hvit
* Norwegian Nynorsk kvit
* Lithuanian šviẽsti (“to gleam”), šviesa (“light”)
* Old Church Slavonic свѣтъ (světŭ, “light”), свѣтьлъ (světĭlŭ, “clear, bright”)
* Persian سفید (sefid)
* Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀 (spaēta, “white”)
* Sanskrit श्वेत (śvetá, “white, bright”).

cog

(sometimes capitalized) By U.S. Census Bureau definition, of or relating to people hailing from Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East.


at

át (canonical masculine)
atllárë (plural)
áti (definite)
at (indefinite nominative singular)
ati (definite nominative singular)
atllarë (indefinite nominative plural)
atllarët (definite nominative plural)
at (accusative indefinite singular)
atin (accusative definite singular)
atllarë (accusative indefinite plural)
atllarët (accusative definite plural)
ati (dative indefinite singular)
atit (dative definite singular)
atllarëve (dative indefinite plural)
atllarëve (dative definite plural)
ati (ablative indefinite singular)
atit (ablative definite singular)
atllarësh (ablative indefinite plural)
atllarëve (ablative definite plural)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish آت (at, “horse”).

bor+

Near-synonyms: kálë, hamshór


at

az-noun

at (definite accusative atı, plural atlar)

atı (accusative definite)
atlar (plural)
at (nominative singular)
atlar (nominative plural)
atı (accusative definite singular)
atları (accusative definite plural)
ata (dative singular)
atlara (dative plural)
atda (locative singular)
atlarda (locative plural)
atdan (ablative singular)
atlardan (ablative plural)
atın (definite genitive singular)
atların (definite genitive plural)
atım (first-person nominative possessed-single possessive singular)
atlarım (first-person nominative possessed-many possessive singular)
atın (nominative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
atların (nominative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
atı (nominative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
atları (nominative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
atımız (first-person nominative plural possessed-single possessive)
atlarımız (first-person nominative plural possessed-many possessive)
atınız (nominative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
atlarınız (nominative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
atı (nominative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
atları (nominative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
atları (nominative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
atımı (accusative first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
atlarımı (accusative first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
atını (accusative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
atlarını (accusative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
atını (accusative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
atlarını (accusative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
atımızı (accusative first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
atlarımızı (accusative first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
atınızı (accusative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
atlarınızı (accusative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
atını (accusative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
atlarını (accusative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
atlarını (accusative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
atıma (dative first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
atlarıma (dative first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
atına (dative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
atlarına (dative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
atına (dative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
atlarına (dative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
atımıza (dative first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
atlarımıza (dative first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
atınıza (dative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
atlarınıza (dative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
atına (dative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
atlarına (dative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
atlarına (dative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
atımda (first-person locative possessed-single possessive singular)
atlarımda (first-person locative possessed-many possessive singular)
atında (locative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
atlarında (locative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
atında (locative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
atlarında (locative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
atımızda (first-person locative plural possessed-single possessive)
atlarımızda (first-person locative plural possessed-many possessive)
atınızda (locative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
atlarınızda (locative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
atında (locative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
atlarında (locative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
atlarında (locative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
atımdan (ablative first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
atlarımdan (ablative first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
atından (ablative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
atlarından (ablative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
atından (ablative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
atlarından (ablative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
atımızdan (ablative first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
atlarımızdan (ablative first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
atınızdan (ablative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
atlarınızdan (ablative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
atından (ablative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
atlarından (ablative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
atlarından (ablative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
atımın (first-person genitive possessed-single possessive singular)
atlarımın (first-person genitive possessed-many possessive singular)
atının (genitive possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
atlarının (genitive possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
atının (genitive possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
atlarının (genitive possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
atımızın (first-person genitive plural possessed-single possessive)
atlarımızın (first-person genitive plural possessed-many possessive)
atınızın (genitive plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
atlarınızın (genitive plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
atının (genitive plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
atlarının (genitive plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
atlarının (genitive plural possessed-many possessive third-person)


at

atı (accusative definite)
atlar (plural)
at (nominative singular)
atlar (nominative plural)
atı (accusative definite singular)
atları (accusative definite plural)
ata (dative singular)
atlara (dative plural)
atta (locative singular)
atlarda (locative plural)
attan (ablative singular)
atlardan (ablative plural)
atın (genitive singular)
atların (genitive plural)
atım (first-person nominative singular)
atlarım (first-person nominative singular)
atın (nominative second-person singular)
atların (nominative second-person singular)
atı (nominative singular third-person)
atları (nominative singular third-person)
atımız (first-person nominative plural)
atlarımız (first-person nominative plural)
atınız (nominative plural second-person)
atlarınız (nominative plural second-person)
atları (nominative plural third-person)
atımı (accusative definite first-person singular)
atlarımı (accusative definite first-person singular)
atını (accusative definite second-person singular)
atlarını (accusative definite second-person singular)
atını (accusative definite singular third-person)
atlarını (accusative definite singular third-person)
atımızı (accusative definite first-person plural)
atlarımızı (accusative definite first-person plural)
atınızı (accusative definite plural second-person)
atlarınızı (accusative definite plural second-person)
atlarını (accusative definite plural third-person)
atıma (dative first-person singular)
atlarıma (dative first-person singular)
atına (dative second-person singular)
atlarına (dative second-person singular)
atına (dative singular third-person)
atlarına (dative singular third-person)
atımıza (dative first-person plural)
atlarımıza (dative first-person plural)
atınıza (dative plural second-person)
atlarınıza (dative plural second-person)
atlarına (dative plural third-person)
atımda (first-person locative singular)
atlarımda (first-person locative singular)
atında (locative second-person singular)
atlarında (locative second-person singular)
atında (locative singular third-person)
atlarında (locative singular third-person)
atımızda (first-person locative plural)
atlarımızda (first-person locative plural)
atınızda (locative plural second-person)
atlarınızda (locative plural second-person)
atlarında (locative plural third-person)
atımdan (ablative first-person singular)
atlarımdan (ablative first-person singular)
atından (ablative second-person singular)
atlarından (ablative second-person singular)
atından (ablative singular third-person)
atlarından (ablative singular third-person)
atımızdan (ablative first-person plural)
atlarımızdan (ablative first-person plural)
atınızdan (ablative plural second-person)
atlarınızdan (ablative plural second-person)
atlarından (ablative plural third-person)
atımın (first-person genitive singular)
atlarımın (first-person genitive singular)
atının (genitive second-person singular)
atlarının (genitive second-person singular)
atının (genitive singular third-person)
atlarının (genitive singular third-person)
atımızın (first-person genitive plural)
atlarımızın (first-person genitive plural)
atınızın (genitive plural second-person)
atlarınızın (genitive plural second-person)
atlarının (genitive plural third-person)
atım (first-person singular)
atlarım (first-person singular)
atsın (second-person singular)
atlarsın (second-person singular)
at (singular third-person)
attır (singular third-person)
atlar (singular third-person)
atlardır (singular third-person)
atız (first-person plural)
atlarız (first-person plural)
atsınız (plural second-person)
atlarsınız (plural second-person)
atlar (plural third-person)
atlardır (plural third-person)

From Ottoman Turkish آت (at, “horse”), from Proto-Turkic *at, *ăt (“horse”). Cognate with Karakhanid اَتْ (at, “horse”), Old Turkic 𐱃 (t¹ /at/, “horse”).

at bulunur meydan bulunmaz, meydan bulunur at bulunmaz

at çalındıktan sonra ahırın kapısını kapamak


lane

From Middle English lane, lone, from Old English lanu (“a lane, alley, avenue”), from Proto-West Germanic *lanu, from Proto-Germanic *lanō (“lane, passageway”).
Cognate with Scots lone (“cattle-track, by-road”), West Frisian leane, loane (“a walkway, avenue”), Dutch laan (“alley, avenue”), German Low German Lane, Laan (“lane”), Swedish lån (“covered walkway encircling a house”), Icelandic lön (“a row of houses”).

cog

And it's Uncle Mo in front by two as they come to the top of the lane.


pata

paták (plural)
pata (nominative singular)
paták (nominative plural)
patát (accusative singular)
patákat (accusative plural)
patának (dative singular)
patáknak (dative plural)
patával (instrumental singular)
patákkal (instrumental plural)
patáért (causal-final singular)
patákért (causal-final plural)
patává (singular translative)
patákká (plural translative)
patáig (singular terminative)
patákig (plural terminative)
pataként (essive-formal singular)
patákként (essive-formal plural)
patában (inessive singular)
patákban (inessive plural)
patán (singular superessive)
patákon (plural superessive)
patánál (adessive singular)
patáknál (adessive plural)
patába (illative singular)
patákba (illative plural)
patára (singular sublative)
patákra (plural sublative)
patához (allative singular)
patákhoz (allative plural)
patából (elative singular)
patákból (elative plural)
patáról (delative singular)
patákról (delative plural)
patától (ablative singular)
patáktól (ablative plural)
patáé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
patáké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
patáéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
patákéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
patám (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
patáim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
patád (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
patáid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
patája (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
patái (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
patánk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
patáink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
patátok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
patáitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
patájuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
patáik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

Probably from a Slavic language, from Proto-Slavic *pęta.

hoof (the tip of a toe of an ungulate such as a horse, ox or deer, strengthened by a thick keratin covering)


maiden

From Middle English mayden, meiden, from Old English mæġden (“girl”), originally a diminutive of mæġeþ (“girl”) via diminutive suffix -en, from Proto-West Germanic *magaþ, from Proto-Germanic *magaþs. Equivalent to maid + -en.

(horse racing) A racehorse without any victory, i.e. one having a "virgin record".

(horse racing) A horse race in which all starters are maidens.


draw

en-noun

draw (countable and uncountable, plural draws)

From Middle English drawen, draȝen, dragen (“to drag, pull, push, draw (out), go to, make, add, etc.”), from Old English dragan, from Proto-West Germanic *dragan, from Proto-Germanic *draganą, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ- (“to draw, pull”). Doublet of drag and draught.
cognates
* Albanian dredh (“to turn, spin”)
* Danish drage
* Dutch dragen
* German tragen (“to carry”)
* Old Armenian դառնամ (daṙnam, “to turn”)
* Sanskrit ध्रजस् (dhrájas, “gliding course or motion”)
* West Frisian drage

cog

(horse racing) The stall from which a horse begins the race.


road

From Middle English rode, rade (“ride, journey”), from Old English rād (“riding, hostile incursion”), from Proto-West Germanic *raidu, from Proto-Germanic *raidō (“a ride”), from Proto-Indo-European *reydʰ- (“to ride”). Doublet of raid, acquired from Scots. Cognates include West Frisian reed (paved trail/road, driveway).
The current primary meaning of "street, way for traveling" originated relatively late—Shakespeare seemed to expect his audiences to find it unfamiliar—and probably arose through reinterpretation of roadway "a way for riding on" as saying "way" twice, in other words as a tautological compound.

inh

his driveway doesn't go all the way to the road

the grass is always greener on the other side of the road

the road to hell is paved with good intentions

what happens on the road stays on the road

In the lightness of my heart I sang catches of songs as my horse gayly bore me along the well-remembered road.

1852, Mrs M.A. Thompson, “The Tutor's Daughter”, in Graham's American Monthly Magazine of Literature, Art, and Fashion, page 266:

I stumbled along through the young pines and huckleberry bushes. Pretty soon I struck into a sort of path that, I cal'lated, might lead to the road I was hunting for.

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

And the road doesn't end / It's a long, long road and we follow it again and again / And the road don't pretend

2018, Bill Wurtz (lyrics and music), “Long Long Long Journey”:

A way used for travelling between places, originally one wide enough to allow foot passengers and horses to travel, now (US) usually one surfaced with asphalt or concrete and designed to accommodate many vehicles travelling in both directions. In the UK both senses are heard: a country road is the same as a country lane.

apehũ (paved with asphalt, lit. "black road")

The new depot, on which work started in May, 1956, has three reception roads leading to 13 sidings capable of taking 25 trains, a 450 ft.-long car examination shed with nine roads, a lifting shop with two roads and three permanent way sidings.

1959 November, “L.T. and E.R. developments in East London”, in Trains Illustrated, page 527:

(US, rail transport) A railway or (UK, rail transport) a single railway track.

Antonio: Sweet lady, you have given me life and living; / For here I read for certain that my ships / Are safely come to road.

c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:

There delivering their fraught, they went to Scandaroone; rather to view what ships was in the Roade, than any thing else […].

1630, John Smith, True Travels, Kupperman, published 1988, page 38:

(nautical, usually in the plural) A partly sheltered area of water near a shore in which vessels may ride at anchor; a roadstead.


road

road tires

road groupset

(cycling) Of or pertaining to a road bike.


nose

Sranan Tongo: noso

Aukan: nosu

Saramaccan: núsu

Audio (London, UK)

Audio (UK)

From Middle English nose, from Old English nosu, from Proto-West Germanic *nosu, variant of *nasō, old dual from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s- ~ *nh₂es- (“nose, nostril”).
See also Saterland Frisian Noose, West Frisian noas, Dutch neus, Swedish nos, Norwegian nos (“snout”), German Low German Nees, Nes, Näs, German Nase, Swedish näsa, Norwegian nese, Danish næse (“nose”); also Latin nāris (“nostril”), nāsus (“nose”), Lithuanian nósis, Russian нос (nos), Sanskrit नासा (nā́sā, “nostrils”).

Red Rum only won by a nose.

(horse racing) The length of a horse’s nose, used to indicate the distance between horses at the finish of a race, or any very close race.

马鼻 (maa⁵ bei⁶, literally “horse's nose”)


whistler

From Middle English whisteler, whistlar, whystelare, from Old English hwistlere (“a player on a flute; a piper”), equivalent to whistle + -er.

Any of several passerine birds of the genera Pachycephala and Coracornis, of Australasia and the western Pacific.

A goldeneye (any of certain ducks of genus Bucephala).


palm

→ Malay: palma, ڤلما

From Middle English palme, from Old English palm, palma (“palm-tree, palm-branch”), from Latin palma (“palm-tree, palm-branch, palm of the hand”), from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₂meh₂, *pl̥h₂emeh₂ (“palm of the hand”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (“flat”). Cognate with Dutch palm, German Palme, Danish palme, Icelandic pálmur (“palm”).

der

(scouting) Any of 23 awards that can be earned after obtaining the Eagle Scout rank, but generally only before turning 18 years old.


distance

en-noun

distance (countable and uncountable, plural distances)

From Middle English distance, distaunce, destance (“disagreement, dispute; discrimination; armed conflict; hostility; trouble; space between two points; time interval”), from Anglo-Norman distance, distaunce, destance, Middle French distance, and Old French destance, destaunce, distaunce (“debate; difference, distinction; discord, quarrel; dispute; space between two points; time interval”) (modern French distance), and directly from their etymon Latin distantia (“difference, diversity; distance, remoteness; space between two points”) (whence also Late Latin distantia (“disagreement; discrepancy; gap, opening; time interval”)), from distāns (“being distant; standing apart”) + -ia (suffix forming feminine abstract nouns). Distāns is the present active participle of distō (“to be distant; to stand apart; to differ”), from dis- (prefix meaning ‘apart, asunder; in two’) + stō (“to stand”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand (up)”)).
The verb is derived from the noun.
cognates
* Middle Dutch distancie, distantie (modern Dutch distantie); Dutch afstand (“distance”, literally “off-stand, off-stance”)
* German Distanz; German Abstand
* Italian distanza
* Portuguese distância
* Spanish distancia

afstand

(countable, uncountable) amount of space between points

An amount of space between points (often geographical points), usually (but not necessarily) measured along a straight line.

(horse racing) Chiefly in by a distance: a space of more than 30 lengths (about 80 yards or 7.3 metres) between two racehorses finishing a race, used to describe the margin of victory; also (archaic), any space of 240 yards (about 219.5 metres) on a racecourse.

pitkä ero

space of more than 30 lengths between two racehorses finishing a race; any space of 240 yards on a racecourse

THere vvere a Great many Brave, Sightly Horſes vvith Rich Trappings that vvere brought out One day to the Courſe, and Only One Plain Nag in the Company that made ſport for All the reſt. But vvhen they came at laſt to the Tryal, This vvas the Horſe that ran the VVhole Field out of Diſtance, and VVon the Race. / The MORAL. Our Senſes are No Competent Judges of the Excellencies of the Mind.

1692, Roger L’Estrange, “[The Fables of Abstemius, &c.] Fab[le] CCCXXXIX. A Plain Horse Wins the Prize.”, in Fables, of Æsop and Other Eminent Mythologists: […], London: […] R[ichard] Sare, […], →OCLC, page 296:

The amount of space between points (often geographical points), usually (but not necessarily) measured along a straight line.

(horse racing) Originally, the space measured back from the winning post which a racehorse running in a heat must reach when the winner has covered the whole course, in order to run in a subsequent heat; also, the point on the racecourse that space away from the winning post; now, the point on a racecourse 240 yards from the winning post.

väli

space measured back from the winning post which a racehorse running in a heat must reach when the winner has covered the whole course, in order to run in a subsequent heat; point on the racecourse that space away from the winning post; point on racecourse 240 yards from the winning post


distance

en-verb

distance (third-person singular simple present distances, present participle distancing, simple past and past participle distanced)

distances (present singular third-person)
distancing (participle present)
distanced (participle past)
distanced (past)
distance (infinitive)

sijoittaa erilleen

to set (someone or something) at a distance from someone or something else

[H]e is of Opinion it is inhuman, that Animals ſhould be put upon their utmoſt Strength and Metal for our Diverſion only. Hovvever, not to be particular, he puts in for the Queen's Plate every Year, vvith Orders to his Rider never to vvin or be diſtanced; […]

1713 March 29 (Gregorian calendar), [Richard Steele], “Wednesday, March 18. 1713.”, in The Guardian, number 6, London: […] J[acob] Tonson […]; and sold by A. Baldwin […], →OCLC, page [2], column 1:

(chiefly US, horse racing, archaic) Of a racehorse: to beat (another horse) by a certain distance; also (passive voice), to cause (a horse) to be disqualified by beating it by a certain distance.

of a racehorse: to beat (another horse) by a certain distance; to cause (a horse) to be disqualified by beating it by a certain distance


overlay

/ˈəʊ.vəˌleɪ/

From Middle English overleyen, from Old English oferleċġan, from Proto-West Germanic *obarlaggjan, from Proto-Germanic *uberlagjaną, equivalent to over- + lay. Cognate with Saterland Frisian uurläze, úurlääse, Dutch overleggen, German Low German overleggen, överleggen, German überlegen, Swedish överlägga, Norwegian overlegge. Compare overlie.

(horse racing) A horse going off at higher odds than it appears to warrant, based on its past performances.


break

From Middle English breken, from Old English brecan (“to break”), from Proto-West Germanic *brekan, from Proto-Germanic *brekaną (“to break”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- (“to break”). The word is a doublet of bray.
Cognates
Cognates of Germanic origin include Scots brek (“to break”), West Frisian brekke (“to break”), Dutch breken (“to break”), Low German breken (“to break”), German brechen (“to break”), French broyer (“to crush, grind”), Gothic 𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (brikan, “to break, destroy”), Norwegian brek (“desire, yearning”).
Also cognate with Albanian brishtë (“fragile”), Latin frangō (“break, break up, shatter”, verb), whence English fracture and other terms – fragile, frail, fraction, and fragment.

cog

Cigar was distracted at the break and let his five opponents get the jump.

1999, Jay Hovdey, Cigar: America's Horse, page 63:

Perhaps it stumbles to its knees at the break, effectively losing the race at the outset.

2010, John Alexander, Exotic Wagering the Winning Way, page 60:

(horse racing) The start of a horse race.


chalk

en-noun

chalk (countable and uncountable, plural chalks)

→ Hindi: चाक (cāk)

→ Japanese: チャコ (chako), チョーク (chōku)

→ Nepali: चक (cak)

→ Swahili: chaki

→ Swazi: íshóki

→ Thai: ชอล์ก (chɔ́k)

→ Tsonga: choko

→ Tulu: ಚಾಕ್ (cākŭ)

→ Yoruba: ṣọ́ọ̀kì

From Middle English chalk, chalke, from Old English ċealc, from Proto-West Germanic *kalk, borrowed from Latin calx (“limestone”), again borrowed from Ancient Greek χάλιξ (khálix, “pebble”). Doublet of calx and cauk.

(US, sports, chiefly basketball, horse racing) The favorite in a sporting event.


weight

en-verb

weight (third-person singular simple present weights, present participle weighting, simple past and past participle weighted)

weights (present singular third-person)
weighting (participle present)
weighted (participle past)
weighted (past)

From Middle English weight, weiȝte, weght, wight, from Old English wiht, ġewiht (“weight”), from Proto-Germanic *wihtiz ("weight"; compare *weganą (“to move”)), from Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ- (“to move; pull; draw; drive”). Equivalent to weigh + -th.
Cognate with Scots wecht, weicht (“weight”), Saterland Frisian Wächte (“scale”), Gewicht (“weight”), West Frisian gewicht (“weight”), Dutch gewicht (“weight”), German Low German Wicht, Gewicht (“weight”), German Wucht (“massiveness, force”), Gewicht (“weight”).

gloss

"weight"; compare <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*weganą</i> (“to move”)

inh

(transitive, horse racing) To handicap a horse with a specified weight.


swell

en-noun

swell (countable and uncountable, plural swells)

From Middle English swelle, from the verb swellen (modern swell).

kivimbe

music: device for controlling the volume of a pipe organ

The front brow of a saddle bow, connected in the tree by the two saddle bars to the cantle on the other end.


tit

From Middle English tit, titte, tette, from Old English tit, titt, from Proto-West Germanic *titt, from Proto-Germanic *tittaz (“teat; nipple; breast”), of expressive origin.
Perhaps related to an original meaning “to suck”; compare Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-y-. Doublet of teat, which was borrowed from Old French.
Cognates
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Tit, Dutch tiet, dialectal Dutch tet, German Zitze, Titte, Hunsrik Ditz, Yiddish ציצע (tsitse).

onomatopoeic

expressive

I have enjoyed taking to my writing bureau and writing about poverty, benefit reform and the coalition government in the manner of a shit Dickens, or Orwell, but with tits.

2012, Caitlin Moran, Moranthology, Ebury Press, published 2012, page 13:

Sanch tossed his head back, threw open his shirt, cupped his beanbag-shaped male breasts and jiggled them at us. Ford and I were laughing but Kat said, "I think they're the most beautiful tits."

Sun readers don't care who runs the country as long as she's got big tits.

1987, “A Conflict of Interest”, in Antony Jay, Jonathan Lynn, directors, Yes, Prime Minister, season 2, episode 4, spoken by Bernard Woolley (Derek Fowlds), BBC2:

(slang, vulgar, chiefly in the plural) A person's breast or nipple.

Look at that tit driving on the wrong side of the road!

I know a lot of tits, Guv'nor. But I don't know any quite as fucking stupid as these two.

2000, Guy Ritchie, Snatch (motion picture), spoken by Errol (Andy Beckwith):

“What did you say to the cops?”
“I told them everything about the smuggling ring.”
“Why the fuck did you do that?”
“They were nice to me.”
“They’re always nice to people they want to get information from, you dumb tit.”

2002, Dick Plamondon, Have You Ever Been Screwed, iUniverse, →ISBN, page 234:

John Watson (to Sherlock Holmes): It's Lestrade. Says they're all coming over here right now. Queuing up to slap on the handcuffs, every single officer you ever made feel like a tit. Which is a lot of people.

2012 January 15, Stephen Thompson, "The Reichenbach Fall", episode 2-3 of Sherlock, 00:52:46-00:52:55

“I asked Nandor and Colin Robinson to come with me on the first day because I didn't want the class to look too empty. But now I cannot get those two tits to leave.”

2023 August 17, Jeremy Levick & Rajat Suresh, “Hybrid Creatures” (5:12 from the start), in What We Do in the Shadows, season 5, episode 7, spoken by Nadja of Antipaxos (Natasia Demetriou):

(UK, Ireland, derogatory, slang) An idiot; a fool.

(UK, Ireland, slang, derogatory) A police officer; a "tithead".


tit

Probably of North Germanic/Scandinavian origin; found earliest in titling and titmouse; compare Faroese títlingur, dialectal Norwegian titling (“small stockfish”).
Wikispecies

A chickadee; a small passerine bird of the genus Parus or the family Paridae, common in the Northern Hemisphere.

Any of various other small passerine birds.


donkey

en-noun

donkey (plural donkeys or (obsolete) donkies)

donkeys (plural)
donkies (obsolete plural)

→ Afrikaans: donkie

→ Northern Sotho: tonki

→ Tok Pisin: donki

desc

→ Urdu: ڈَنْکی (ḍaṅkī)

→ Urdu: ڈَنْکی (ḍaṅkī)

The origin is uncertain. Originally a slang term from the late eighteenth century. Perhaps from Middle English *donekie (“a miniature dun horse”), a double diminutive of Middle English don, dun, dunne (a name for a dun horse), equivalent to modern English dun (“brownish grey colour”) + -ock (diminutive suffix) + -ie (diminutive suffix). Compare Middle English donning (“a dun horse”), English dunnock. Became more common than the original term ass due to the latter's homophony and partial merger with arse (compare similar development between coney and rabbit).


tissue

en-noun

tissue (countable and uncountable, plural tissues)

From Middle English tissu, from Old French tissu (“woven”), past participle of tistre (“to weave”), from Latin texō (“to weave”).

Pricing the first show is a matter of the bookmaker's individual judgment, relying upon advice from all quarters, particularly the tissue; but very soon in the betting exchanges it becomes clear that the sole criterion for the fixing of a horse's price is demand.

2016, Gerald Hammond, The Language of Horse Racing:

(horse racing, slang) The scratch sheet or racing form.


filly

From Old Norse fylja (whence Danish føl), related to foal. Cognate with Dutch veulen, German Fohlen.


cheval

fr-noun

cheval m (plural chevaux, feminine jument)

Antillean Creole: chouval

Canadian French: joual

Guianese Creole: chouval

Haitian Creole: chwal

Michif: zhwal

→ English: cheval

→ Esperanto: ĉevalo

→ Garifuna: xuval

→ Malagasy: soavaly

→ Mi'kmaq: te'sipow

Inherited from Middle French cheval, from Old French cheval, from Late Latin caballus (“horse”), from Latin caballus (“pack horse”), of disputed origin.

à cheval donné on ne regarde pas la bride

à cheval donné on ne regarde pas les dents

ne pas se trouver sous le sabot d’un cheval

ne pas se trouver sous les sabots d’un cheval

(slang) a tall and slim woman, a beautiful woman (only in the feminine form, jument (lit., mare))


base

English: base

Scots: base

Borrowed from Old French base, from Latin basis, from Ancient Greek βᾰ́σῐς (básis), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷémtis.

The foundation, base, or bottom of a column, statue, or vase.

(rare) Padding inserted below a horse's bridle.

(rare, alchemy) The mix of metals used as a base for alchemical operations.


stallion

From Middle English stalion, from Middle French estalon (whence modern French étalon), of Germanic origin, akin to stall. Displaced native Old English henġest.

An adult male horse.
A male horse kept primarily as a stud.


fire

en-verb

fire (third-person singular simple present fires, present participle firing, simple past and past participle fired)

fires (present singular third-person)
firing (participle present)
fired (participle past)
fired (past)
fire (infinitive)

From Middle English firen, fyren, furen, from Old English fȳrian (“to make a fire”), from the noun (see above). Cognate with Old Frisian fioria (“to light a fire”), Saterland Frisian fjuurje (“to fire”), Middle Dutch vûren, vueren, vieren (“to set fire”), Dutch vuren (“to fire, shoot”), Old High German fiuren (“to ignite, set on fire”), German feuern (“to fire”).

udløse

computer sciences, software engineering: to initiate an event


flat

From Middle English flat, a borrowing from Old Norse flatr (compare Norwegian and Swedish flat, Danish flad), from Proto-Germanic *flataz, from Proto-Indo-European *pleth₂- (“flat”); akin to Saterland Frisian flot (“smooth”), German Flöz (“a geological layer”), Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús), Latvian plats, Sanskrit प्रथस् (prathas, “extension”). Doublet of plat and pleyt.
The noun is from Middle English flat (“level piece of ground, flat edge of a weapon”), from the adjective.
The algebraic sense was coined by Serre in a 1956 paper, originally as French plat.

inh

This horse will do better over the flat.

flat racing, the flat season

In light of Horse Racing Ireland's Covid-19 contingency plan announcement, that whenever racing resumes the Flat will be given priority, Elliott has decided to keep a number of talented jumpers on the go during the summer, with a view towards a dual-purpose campaign.

2020, Brian Sheerin, Racing Post, "Gordon Elliott maps out summer Flat campaigns for talented jumpers" (article) https://www.racingpost.com/news/gordon-elliott-maps-out-summer-flat-campaigns-for-talented-jumpers/431475

2021 (retrieved), racing365.com, "Flat Racing Explained" https://racing365.com/flat-racing-explained/
In British horse racing, the classics are a series of horse races run over the flat (i.e. without jumps).

An area of level ground (sometimes covered with shallow or tidal water).

(horse racing, with 'the' or attributively, sometimes with capital) Level horse-racing ground, as contrasted with courses incorporating jumps, or the racing done on such ground.

As forecast, Joe suspected nothing as he pottered round the flat in the sunshine, absorbed in the task of picking winners.

1963, George Blaikie, Scandals of Australia's Strange Past, Adelaide: Rigby Limited, page 117:

(Australia, horse racing, with 'the' or attributively, sometimes with capital) the area in the centre of a racecourse.


stick

en-noun

stick (countable and uncountable, plural sticks)

→ Catalan: estic

→ Italian: stick

→ Korean: 스틱 (seutik)

→ Portuguese: stique, estique

→ Sranan Tongo: tiki

From Middle English stikke (“stick, rod, twig”), from Old English sticca (“rod, twig”), from Proto-West Germanic *stikkō, from Proto-Germanic *stikkô, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to pierce, prick, be sharp”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Stikke (“stick”), West Flemish stik (“stick”). Related to stigma.

der

better than a poke in the eye with a burnt stick

better than a poke in the eye with a sharp stick

better than a poke in the eye with a shitty stick

it is easy to find a stick to beat a dog

(horse racing) The short whip carried by a jockey.

A stick-like item:
The short whip carried by a jockey.


handle

desctree

→ Japanese: ハンドル (handoru)
→ Hokkien: 捍多路 (hăn-tó͘-luh)
→ Sakizaya: handulu

From Middle English handel, handle, from Old English handle (“a handle”), from handlian (“to handle, feel, deal with, discuss”). See verb below. Cognate with Danish handel (“a handle”).

(horse racing, gambling) The amount wagered in the various pari-mutuel pools for a particular event or events.


sal

salen (definite singular)
saler (indefinite plural)
salene (definite plural)

a large room in which parties and meetings and similar are held; a hall.


sal

salen (definite singular)
salar (indefinite plural)
salane (definite plural)

From Old Norse salr, from Proto-Germanic *saliz.

a large room in which parties and meetings and similar are held; a hall


pull

en-verb

pull (third-person singular simple present pulls, present participle pulling, simple past and past participle pulled)

pulls (present singular third-person)
pulling (participle present)
pulled (participle past)
pulled (past)

push

antonym(s) of “apply force to (something) so it comes towards one”

-ʊl (accents with foot–goose merger or full–fool merger)

Verb from Middle English pullen, from Old English pullian (“to pull, draw, tug, pluck off”), of uncertain ultimate origin. Related to West Frisian pûlje (“to shell, husk”), Middle Dutch pullen (“to drink”), Middle Dutch polen (“to peel, strip”), Low German pulen (“to pick, pluck, pull, tear, strip off husks”), Icelandic púla (“to work hard, beat”).
Noun from Middle English pul, pull, pulle, from the verb pullen (“to pull”).

cog

it's not the whistle that pulls the train

pull someone's chestnuts out of the fire

'I never liked Bowler, and I had my suspicions when Captain Ferndale persuaded you to put him up in that race. I did not discover until some time after that he pulled the horse.'

1897, Nat Gould, Not So Bad After All, page 200:

(horse racing, transitive) To impede the progress of (a horse) to prevent its winning a race.


ewe

fro-noun

ewe oblique singular, f (oblique plural ewes, nominative singular ewe, nominative plural ewes)

ewe oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
ewes (oblique plural)
ewe (nominative singular)
ewes (nominative plural)


foal

From Middle English fole, from Old English fola, from Proto-West Germanic *folō, from Proto-Germanic *fulô, from pre-Germanic *pl̥Hon-, from Proto-Indo-European *pōlH- (“animal young”) (cognate with Saterland Frisian Foole, West Frisian fôle, foalle, Dutch veulen, German Low German Fohl, German Fohlen, Fohle, Swedish fåle; compare also Ancient Greek πῶλος (pôlos), Latin pullus, Albanian pelë (“mare”), Old Armenian ուլ (ul, “kid, fawn”). Related to filly.

inh

(mining, historical) A young boy who assisted the headsman by pushing or pulling the tub.


colt

en-verb

colt (third-person singular simple present colts, present participle colting, simple past and past participle colted)

colts (present singular third-person)
colting (participle present)
colted (participle past)
colted (past)

From Middle English colt, from Old English colt, from Proto-Germanic *kultaz (“plump; stump; thick shape, bulb”), from Proto-Indo-European *gelt- (“something round, pregnant belly, child in the womb”), from *gel- (“to ball up, amass”). Cognate with Faroese koltur (“colt, foal”) Norwegian kult (“treestump”), Swedish kult (“young boar, boy, lad”). Related to child.

der

Never talk on't: / She hath been colted by him.

1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv], line 133:

(obsolete, transitive) To horse; to get with young.


colt

English: colt

Scots: colt, cout, cowt

Yola: caule, caul, cawl, kawle

From Old English colt, from Proto-Germanic *kultaz.


colt

colt (nominative singular)
coltas (nominative plural)
colt (accusative singular)
coltas (accusative plural)
coltes (genitive singular)
colta (genitive plural)
colte (dative singular)
coltum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: colt, colte, collt, kowlt
English: colt
Scots: colt, cout, cowt
Yola: caule, caul, cawl, kawle

From Proto-Germanic *kultaz (“plump; stump; thick shape, bulb”), from Proto-Indo-European *gelt- (“something round, pregnant belly, child in the womb”), from *gel- (“to ball up, amass”).


ball

en-noun

ball (countable and uncountable, plural balls)

→ Cantonese: 波 (bo¹)

→ Japanese: ボール (bōru)

→ Makah: ba·la

→ Yoruba: bọ́ọ̀lù

From Middle English bal, ball, balle, from an unattested Old English *beall, *bealla (“round object, ball”) or Old Norse bǫllr (“a ball”), both from Proto-Germanic *balluz, *ballô (“ball”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰol-n- (“ball, bubble”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to blow, inflate, swell”). Cognate with Old Saxon ball, Dutch bal, Old High German bal, ballo (German Ball (“ball”); Ballen (“bale”)). Related forms in Romance are borrowings from Germanic. See also balloon, bale.

ампыл

object, generally spherical, used for playing games

туп

ballistics: a solid nonexplosive missile

cold enough to freeze the balls off a brass monkey

The laxative alterative has not this advantage, the aloes, of which it is composed, being extremely bitter, and therefore requiring to be given in the form of a ball.

1842, James White, A compendium of the veterinary art:

(farriery, historical) A large pill, a form in which medicine was given to horses; a bolus.


mare

Borrowed from Latin mare (“sea”). Doublet of mar and mere.

Kraken Mare (a lake of liquid hydrocarbons on Titan which is slightly larger than the Caspian Sea)

(planetology) On Saturn's moon Titan, any of several lakes which are large expanses of what is thought to be liquid hydrocarbons.


classic

From French classique, from Latin classicus (“relating to the classes of Roman citizenry, especially the highest”), from classis. By surface analysis, class + -ic.

The goal of the top horses was to win a Classic (or preferably three, thus claiming the Triple Crown) or the Ascot Gold Cup, […]

2012, Dr Joyce Kay, Professor Wray Vamplew, Encyclopedia of British Horse Racing, page 316:

(horse racing) Any of the British Classic Races, five long-standing Group 1 horse races run during the traditional flat racing season.


passage

From French passager, from Italian passeggiare.

(dressage) A movement in classical dressage, in which the horse performs a very collected, energetic, and elevated trot that has a longer period of suspension between each foot fall than a working trot.


passage

en-verb

passage (third-person singular simple present passages, present participle passaging, simple past and past participle passaged)

passages (present singular third-person)
passaging (participle present)
passaged (participle past)
passaged (past)

After a spring or two, the horse passaged and reared, and lighting on a flat slab of rock which cropped up in the middle of the road, slipped sideways and fell with a loud crash […]

1915, Cunninghame Graham, Hope, page 18:

(intransitive, dressage) To execute a passage movement.


passage

passage (indefinite nominative singular)
passages (genitive indefinite singular)
passagen (definite nominative singular)
passagens (definite genitive singular)
passager (indefinite nominative plural)
passagers (genitive indefinite plural)
passagerna (definite nominative plural)
passagernas (definite genitive plural)

From Old French passage, from passer (“to pass”).


翰

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːn, *ɡaːns): phonetic 倝 (OC *kaːns) + semantic 羽 (“feather”).


ruin

nl-noun

ruin m (plural ruinen, diminutive ruintje n)

ruinen (plural)
ruintje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch rûun. Cognate with Middle Low German rûne, Middle High German rūn. Further origin unknown; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(H)rewH- (“to dig out, rip off”).


rein

From Middle English rein, reyne, from Anglo-Norman reyne, resne, from Early Medieval Latin retina, ultimately from Classical Latin retineō (“hold back”), from re- + teneō (“keep, hold”). Compare modern French rêne.
Displaced native Old English brīdel (“bridle, rein”), Old English wealdleþer, ġewealdleþer (“rein, bridle”, literally “control strap”), Old English sāl (“cord, rein”), Old English tyġel (“rein”), and Old English lādtēah, lāttēh (“leash, rein”).

A strap or rope attached to a bridle or bit, used to control a horse, animal or young child.

The government is attempting to keep a rein on rising prices.

Let their eyes rove without rein.

1667, John Milton, “Book X”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

(figurative) An instrument or means of curbing, restraining, or governing.


rein

From Anglo-Norman reines, Middle French reins, and their source, Latin rēnēs. Doublet of ren.

My reins rejoice, when thy lips speak right things.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Proverbs 23:16:

I am he which searcheth the reins and hearts.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Revelation 2:23:

The inward impulses; the affections and passions, formerly supposed to be located in the area of the kidneys.


蹄

Compound of ひ (hi, of indeterminate origin) + 爪 (tsume, “nail, claw”). The tsume changes to zume as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Compare the formation of related terms 平爪 (hirazume, “nail”, literally “flat nail”), 鉤爪 (kagizume, “claw”, literally “hook nail”).
First cited to roughly 934 CE in the Wamyō Ruijushō.

compound

(figurative, uncommon) an excellent horse, a fast horse

有蹄動物

an [[ungulate]], a [[hoofed]] [[animal]]


轡

Compound of 口 (kutsu, “mouth”, apophonic form of 口(くち) (kuchi)) + 環 (wa, “ring”)


άλογο

álogo (romanization)
άλογα (plural)
alogína (romanization)
alóga (romanization)
άλογο (nominative singular)
άλογα (nominative plural)
αλόγου (genitive singular)
αλόγων (genitive plural)
άλογο (accusative singular)
άλογα (accusative plural)
άλογο (singular vocative)
άλογα (plural vocative)

For the animal, inherited from Koine Greek ἄλογον (álogon, “horse, cavalry”), neuter form of Ancient Greek ἄλογος (álogos, “unreasoning, speechless”, adjective).
For the unit of power, a semantic loan from Greek ίππος (íppos), from ancient Ancient Greek ἵππος (híppos, “horse”).

inh

ίππος ίππος#Greek

(chess) knight, a colloquial alternative of ίππος (íppos)

ίππος ίππος#Greek

(metric unit) horsepower, a collloquial alternative of ίππος (íppos) (for engines of cars)


辻

辻 (canonical)
tsuji (romanization)
tuzi (romanization)
つじ (hiragana historical)

Daijisen
Extended shinjitai
Kyūjitai
Shinjitai
ja:松村明

/tumuzi/ → */tuːzi/ → /t͡suʑi/
Shift from tsumuji (see below).

Short for 辻総 (tsujibusa): (dated, equestrianism) a decoration attached to the martingale


bishop

en-verb

bishop (third-person singular simple present bishops, present participle bishoping or bishopping, simple past and past participle bishoped or bishopped)

bishops (present singular third-person)
bishoping (participle present)
bishopping (participle present)
bishoped (participle past)
bishoped (past)
bishopped (participle past)
bishopped (past)

From Middle English bischop, bishop, bisshop, biscop, from Old English bisċop (“bishop”), from Proto-West Germanic *biskop, from Vulgar Latin (e)biscopus, from classical Latin episcopus (“overseer, supervisor”), from Ancient Greek ἐπίσκοπος (epískopos, “overseer”), from ἐπί (epí, “over”) + σκοπός (skopós, “watcher”), used in Greek and Latin both generally and as a title of civil officers. Cognate with all European terms for the position in various Christian churches; compare bisp.

der

1727, R. Bradley, Family Dict. at "Horse"
This way of making a Horse look young is... called Bishoping.

Bishopped, or To bishop. A term among horſe dealers, for burning the mark into a horſe's tooth, after he has loſt it by age... It is a common ſaying of milk that is burnt to, that the biſhop has fet his foot in it. Formerly, when a biſhop paſſed through a village, all the inhabitants ran out of their houſes to ſolicit his bleſſing, even leaving their milk, &c. on the fire, to take its chance; which, when burnt to, was ſaid to be biſhopped.

1788, A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, 2nd edition, Francis Grose:

I found his teeth had been filed down and bishoped with the greatest neatness and perfection.

1840, E. E. Napier, Scenes & Sports Foreign Lands, I. v. 138:

(by extension, of equestrianism) To make a horse seem younger, particularly by manipulation of its teeth.


鐙

鐙 (canonical)
abumi (romanization)
あぶみ (hiragana historical)

足(あ) (a, “foot”) + 踏(ふ)み (fumi, continuative form of 踏(ふ)む (fumu, “to step on”)). The fumi changes to bumi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

1904, 河口慧海, チベット旅行記, 青空文庫:

低い椽に腰を掛けたような具合にごく鐙の紐を短くして足を折って乗って居る。

Hikui en ni koshi o kaketa yō na guai ni goku abumi no himo o mijikaku shite ashi o otte notte iru.

They ride with their stirrup straps very short and with their legs bent, in a manner like that of sitting on a low en.

舌短鐙

舌短鐙 したみじかあぶみ


鞦

Dated form of 尻繋.


驖

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰiːɡ, *l'iːɡ): semantic 馬 + phonetic 𢧜 ().
Perhaps related to 鐵 (OC *l̥ʰiːɡ, “iron”) as both may be derived from the etymon "black".

Han compound

His four iron-black horses are burly; The six reins are in the hand (of the charioteer).

The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

駟驖孔阜、六轡在手。

驷𬴋孔阜、六辔在手。


駤

Alternative form of 騺／𱅊 (zhì, “unable to move because of being weighed down”)


駢

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *beːn): semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 并 (OC *peŋ, *peŋs)


騾

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːl): semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 累 (OC *ruːls, *rolʔ, *rols). Written as 驘 in Shuowen.

Han compound

骡
*驘
*臝
䯁
𩦻
𩧣

Viscount Jian of Zhao had two white mules which he liked very much.

Lü Buwei, Master Lü's Spring and Autumn Annals, 239 BCE

Zhào Jiǎnzǐ yǒu liǎng bái luó ér shèn ài zhī.

趙簡子有兩白騾而甚愛之。

赵简子有两白骡而甚爱之。

mule (offspring of a donkey and a horse, sometimes specifically the offspring of a male donkey and a female horse) (Classifier: 匹 m; 頭／头 m; 隻／只 mn)


驍

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋkeːw): semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw).


驨

a mythical beast like a horse with a deer's antler


驥

骥
蘎
龭
𩦸
𩥉
𧁳
𲎎
𱄮

(literary) horse that can travel 1000 li in a day; fine steed


驢

→ Vietnamese: lừa

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *b·ra): semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 盧 (OC *b·raː).

Han compound

donkey; ass (Classifier: 頭／头 m; 條／条 m; 匹 m; 隻／只 c mn)


駒

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ko): semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo).
Ultimately from Sanskrit घोट (ghoṭa), घोड (ghoḍa) (see घोटक (ghoṭaka) for Indo-Aryan descendants), which has been borrowed into many Sino-Tibetan languages; cognate with Proto-Tani *kɯ, Mizo sa-kawr (STEDT 6023).
Alternatively, Wang (1982) relates this to 狗 (OC *koːʔ, “dog; puppy”), 羔 (OC *kluː, “lamb”), 𤘽 (“calf”).


駒

Compound of 子(こ) (ko, “child”) + 馬(ま) (ma, “horse”).
See also 子馬(こうま) (kouma).

(music) bridge (the piece, on string instruments, that supports the strings from the sounding board)


roadster

(UK, dated, slang) A hunter who keeps to the roads instead of following the hounds across country.


milkshake

(slang, horse racing) An alkaline supplement administered to a horse to improve its racing performance.


milkshake

en-verb

milkshake (third-person singular simple present milkshakes, present participle milkshaking, simple past and past participle milkshaked)

milkshakes (present singular third-person)
milkshaking (participle present)
milkshaked (participle past)
milkshaked (past)

(transitive, slang, horse racing) To administer an alkaline supplement to (a horse) to improve its racing performance.


uve

uve (nominative singular)
uvveet (nominative plural)
uvveen (genitive singular)
uvvein (genitive plural)
uvetta (partitive singular)
uvveita (partitive plural)
uvveesse (illative singular)
uvveisse (illative plural)
uvvees (inessive singular)
uvveis (inessive plural)
uvveest (elative singular)
uvveist (elative plural)
uvveelle (allative singular)
uvveille (allative plural)
uvveel (adessive singular)
uvveil (adessive plural)
uvveelt (ablative singular)
uvveilt (ablative plural)
uvveeks (singular translative)
uvveiks (plural translative)
uvveenna (essive singular)
uvveen (essive singular)
uvveinna (essive plural)
uvvein (essive plural)
uvveent (exessive singular)
uvveint (exessive plural)

From Proto-Finnic *ubëh. Cognates include dialectal Finnish uve and Veps ubeh.


fork

Sranan Tongo: forku

→ Dutch: fork

→ Japanese: フォーク (fōku)

→ Kannada: ಫೋರ್ಕ್ (phōrk)

→ Korean: 포크 (pokeu)

→ Maori: paoka

→ Tamil: போர்க் (pōrk)

→ Telugu: ఫోర్క్ (phōrk)

From Middle English forke (“digging fork”), from Old English force, forca (“forked instrument used to torture”), from Proto-West Germanic *furkō (“fork”), from Latin furca (“pitchfork, forked stake; gallows, beam, stake, support post, yoke”), of uncertain origin. The Middle English word was later reinforced by Anglo-Norman, Old Northern French forque (= Old French forche whence French fourche), also from the Latin. Cognate also with North Frisian forck (“fork”), Dutch vork (“fork”), Danish fork (“fork”), German Forke (“pitchfork”). Displaced native gafol, ġeafel, ġeafle (“fork”), from Old English.
In its primary sense of “fork”, Latin furca appears to be derived from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰerk(ʷ)-, *ǵʰerg(ʷ)- (“fork”), although the development of the -c- is difficult to explain. In other senses this derivation is unlikely. For these, perhaps it is connected to Proto-Germanic *furkaz, *firkalaz (“stake, stick, pole, post”), from Proto-Indo-European *perg- (“pole, post”). If so, this would relate the word to Old English forclas pl (“bolt”), Old Saxon ferkal (“lock, bolt, bar”), Old Norse forkr (“pole, staff, stick”), Norwegian fork (“stick, bat”), Swedish fork (“pole”).

tienhaara

figurative: point in time of making a decision

afsplitsing

computer science: splitting of a process

odnož

computer science: copying and separately developing a project

bifurcació

computer science: a separately developed project based upon a copy of an existing project

a three-prong spear somewhat resembling a pitchfork

The upper front brow of a saddle bow, connected in the tree by the two saddle bars to the cantle on the other end.


la

bị vợ la

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to reprimand, to scold


la

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 騾 (“mule”, SV: loa).

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">loa</i>

vi-etym-sino

a horse-donkey hybrid; a mule or a hinny


hold one's horses

en-verb

hold one's horses (third-person singular simple present holds one's horses, present participle holding one's horses, simple past and past participle held one's horses)

holds one's horses (present singular third-person)
holding one's horses (participle present)
held one's horses (participle past)
held one's horses (past)

"I'm going to tell you, ain't I?" he said, gruffly. "Just hold your horses a minute, please."

1921, Booth Tarkington, chapter 24, in Alice Adams:

"I would ask everybody to hold their horses until we go through the process," ElBaradei said.

2007 September 17, “Force is last resort in Iranian crisis”, in forbes.com/Thomson Financial News, retrieved 2008-10-05:


length

en-noun

length (countable and uncountable, plural lengths)

From Middle English lengthe, from Old English lengþ, lengþu, from Proto-West Germanic *langiþu, from Proto-Germanic *langiþō, equivalent to long + -th. Cognate with Scots lenth, lainth (“length”), Saterland Frisian Loangte (“length”), West Frisian lingte, langte (“length”), Dutch lengte (“length”), German Low German Längde, Längd, Längte, Längt (“length”), Danish længde (“length”), Swedish längd (“length”), Icelandic lengd (“length”).

(horse racing) The length of a horse, used to indicate the distance between horses at the end of a race.


hinny

en-verb

hinny (third-person singular simple present hinnies, present participle hinnying, simple past and past participle hinnied)

hinnies (present singular third-person)
hinnying (participle present)
hinnied (participle past)
hinnied (past)

Alteration of whinny, which is onomatopoeic.


prep

en-noun

prep (countable and uncountable, plural preps)

(horse racing) A preparatory race or workout.


volt

(archaic, equestrianism) A circular movement in which the horse goes round in a small circle.


Gaul

de-noun

Gaul m (strong, genitive Gaules or Gauls, plural Gäule)

Gaules (genitive)
Gauls (genitive)
Gäule (plural)
Gaul (nominative singular)
Gäule (definite nominative plural)
Gaules (genitive singular)
Gauls (genitive singular)
Gäule (definite genitive plural)
Gaul (dative singular)
Gaule (dative singular)
Gäulen (dative definite plural)
Gaul (accusative singular)
Gäule (accusative definite plural)

From Middle High German gūl, of obscure ultimate origin, but possibly ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *geutan (“to pour, cast”), referring to a powerful male horse, a "seed-pouring animal." Cognate with Dutch guil (“old horse”).

der

einem geschenkten Gaul schaut man nicht ins Maul


jenny-ass

c. 1849, G. Herbert Rodwell, Old London Bridge, London: Henry Lea, Chapter 15, p. 158,
[…] this little donkey could not be trusted in the road, for it was always getting under the wheels, because it would not let its mother, a fine fat old jenny ass in the shafts, alone.

But a man who holds so tightly to what he calls his rights over what he calls his debts will hold tightly also to what he calls his rights over her whom he calls his wife. No sir smile neighbour shall covet his ox or his wife or his manservant or his maidservant or his jackass. / —Or his jennyass, Buck Mulligan antiphoned.

1922 February, James Joyce, Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:

[…] old rope is for tethering your jennyass […]

1993, Anthony Burgess, A Dead Man in Deptford, London: Hutchinson, Part One:


she-ass

From Middle English she asse; equivalent to she- + ass.


heater

→ Japanese: ヒーター (hītā)

(horse racing) A dead heat; a race in which two or more competitors reach the finish line simultaneously.


斑馬

/pän⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pan²⁴⁻¹¹ ma²⁴/

/pan⁴⁴⁻²² be⁴²/

/pan⁴⁴⁻³³ be⁴¹/

/pan⁴⁴⁻³³ be⁵³/

/pan⁴⁴⁻²² be⁵³/

/pan⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁴¹/

/pan⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁵³/

/paŋ³³⁻²³ be⁵²/

/pän⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pan²⁴⁻¹¹ ma²⁴/

/pan⁴⁴⁻²² be⁴²/

/pan⁴⁴⁻³³ be⁴¹/

/pan⁴⁴⁻³³ be⁵³/

/pan⁴⁴⁻²² be⁵³/

/pan⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁴¹/

/pan⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁵³/

/paŋ³³⁻²³ be⁵²/


斑馬

斑馬 (canonical)
斑馬 (canonical)
shimauma (romanization)

Variant of 縞馬 (shimauma). Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 斑馬／斑马 (bānmǎ).


jenny

Partially from generic use of the female given name Jenny (cf. Jane) and partially from informal pronunciations of engine.

A female creature of certain kinds:
(Australia) a female crab.

A female creature of certain kinds:
a female crab.


jackass

en-noun

jackass (countable and uncountable, plural jackasses)


horse racing

A sport where horses and their jockeys compete to race around a track the fastest.

跑馬

a sport where horses and their jockeys compete to be fastest


horse race

An exciting and arduous competition (as in a political campaign).

kilpajuoksu

an exciting and arduous competition (as in a political campaign)


horsepower

horsepower (countable and uncountable, plural horsepowers or horsepower)

horsepowers (plural)
horsepower (plural)

/ˈhɔɹsˌpaʊɚ/

/ˈhɔːsˌpaʊə/

horse + power: the unit was originally defined as the amount of power that a horse could provide.
Both non-metric and metric units of power were derived from effectively identical measurements of the power a draught horse could sustain over several hours, with the difference in watts solely due to different rounding errors to express that power in round numbers in the original non-SI units (ft·lbf/min and kgf⋅m/s respectively).

In the past, before the widespread adoption of SI units, the work that engines were capable of doing was compared with the work that horses could do – hence the term ‘horsepower’. Various people came up with various equivalencies, but the modern agreed definition is that 1 horsepower is 746 joules per second or 746 watts.

2012 March 22nd, David Blockley, Engineering: A Very Short Introduction (309), Oxford University Press, chapter 2: “The age of gravity – time for work”, page 20

mechanical horsepower
mechanical horsepower

A nonmetric unit of power (symbol hp) with various definitions, for different applications. The most common of them is probably the mechanical horsepower, approximately equal to 745.7 watts.


mule

→ Hawaiian: miula

→ Irish: miúil

→ Maori: miūru

From Middle English mule, from Anglo-Norman mule and Old English mūl, both from Latin mūlus, from Proto-Indo-European *mukslós. Compare Late Latin muscellus (“young he-mule”), Old East Slavic мъшкъ (mŭškŭ, “mule”), Ancient Greek (Phocian) μυχλός (mukhlós, “he-ass”), and German Maul Maultier, Maulesel (through Latin).

Cocaine packet ingestion (these patients referred to as “mules”) may warrant surgery, Golytely or expectant passage.

2006, “Gastroenterology: Esophageal Foreign Bodies”, in Steven E. Diaz, The Little Black Book of Emergency Medicine (Jones and Bartlett's Little Black Book Series), 2nd edition, Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, →ISBN, page 101:

“Yeah, in Denver, we know about Uriarte's involvement in meth. Our Las Cruces office seized over six hundred pounds of methamphetamine from two of his mules last year.”

2007, Thomas G. Blacklock, Safe Zone: A Novel Approach to the Drug War, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN, page 44:


mule

Inherited from Old French mule, from Latin mūla, feminine of mūlus.


mule

English: mule

Scots: mule

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman mule, from Latin mūla, feminine of mūlus; reinforced by native Old English mūl, from the same Latin source.


est

ovd-decl-blank-full

est

est (indefinite nominative singular)
estn (definite nominative singular)
ester (indefinite nominative plural)
estär (definite nominative plural)
est (accusative indefinite singular)
estn (accusative definite singular)
esta (accusative indefinite plural)
estą (accusative definite plural)
este (dative indefinite singular)
estem (dative definite singular)
estum (dative indefinite plural)
estum (dative definite plural)
estume (dative definite plural)
estemes (definite genitive singular)
estumes (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse hestr, from Proto-Germanic *hanhistaz, an alternative form of *hangistaz. Compare Danish hest.


curriculum

la-noun

curriculum n (genitive curriculī); second declension

curriculī (genitive)
curriculum (nominative singular)
curricula (nominative plural)
curriculī (genitive singular)
curriculōrum (genitive plural)
curriculō (dative singular)
curriculīs (dative plural)
curriculum (accusative singular)
curricula (accusative plural)
curriculō (ablative singular)
curriculīs (ablative plural)
curriculum (singular vocative)
curricula (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: currículum

→ English: curricle; curriculum

→ French: curriculum

→ German: Curriculum

Italian: curricolo

Norman: tchuthitchulum

Portuguese: currículo

Spanish: currículo, carrejo

[kʊrˈrɪkʊɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]

From currō (“run, move quickly”) + -culum.


stratum

strātum n (genitive strātī); second declension

strātum (canonical neuter)
strātī (genitive)
strātum (nominative singular)
strāta (nominative plural)
strātī (genitive singular)
strātōrum (genitive plural)
strātō (dative singular)
strātīs (dative plural)
strātum (accusative singular)
strāta (accusative plural)
strātō (ablative singular)
strātīs (ablative plural)
strātum (singular vocative)
strāta (plural vocative)

Catalan: estrat

→ Dutch: stratum

→ English: stratum

→ Welsh: stratwm

French: strate

Friulian: strât

Galician: estrado

Italian: strato

Occitan: estrat

Piedmontese: strat

Portuguese: estrado

Romanian: strat

Spanish: estrado

→ French: estrade

→ English: estrade

desc

→ Welsh: gwastrawd (“groom, stablekeeper”)

[ˈs̠t̪räːt̪ʊ̃ˑ]

From strātus, perfect passive participle of sternō (“spread”).