may

en-verb

may (third-person singular simple present may, no present participle, simple past might, no past participle)

may (present singular third-person)
might (past)
maye (alternative)

From Middle English mowen, mayen, moȝen, maȝen, from Old English magan, from Proto-West Germanic *magan, from Proto-Germanic *maganą, from Proto-Indo-European *megʰ-.
Cognate with Dutch mag (“may”, first- and third-person singular of mogen (“to be able to, be allowed to, may”)), Low German mögen, German mag (“like”, first- and third-person singular of mögen (“to like, want, require”)), Swedish må, Icelandic mega, megum. See also might.

cog

first- and third-person singular of <i class="Latn mention" lang="nl">mogen</i> (“to be able to, be allowed to, may”)

first- and third-person singular of <i class="Latn mention" lang="de">mögen</i> (“to like, want, require”)

one may as well hang for a sheep as a lamb

there may be snow on the mountaintop but there's fire in the valley

there may be snow on the rooftop but there is fire in the furnace

the wolf may lose his teeth but never his nature

those who will not when they may, when they will they shall have nay

may you win;  may the weather be sunny

May God bless and keep you always / May your wishes all come true / May you always do for others / And let others do for you / May you build a ladder to the stars / And climb on every rung / May you stay forever young

1974, Bob Dylan (lyrics and music), “Forever Young”, in Planet Waves:

May I never miss the thrill of being near you

1984, “No More Lonely Nights”, performed by Paul McCartney:

(subjunctive present, defective, chiefly poetic) Expressing a wish (with present subjunctive effect).


apple

qualifier

< <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">apples</i>

→ Abenaki: aples (< apples)

→ Arikara: ápos (< apples)

→ Assamese: আপেল (apel)

→ Bengali: আপেল (apel)

→ Dhivehi: އާފަލު (āfalu)

→ East Futuna: apo

→ Fijian: yapolo

→ Fiji Hindi: aapul

→ Finnish: äpyli

→ Malay: epal (Malaysia)

→ Malayalam: ആപ്പിൾ (āppiḷ)

→ Maori: āporo

→ Marshallese: abōļ

→ Sinhalese: ඇපල් (æpal)

→ Sotho: apole

Sylheti: ꠀꠄꠚꠟ (aefól)

→ Tamil: ஆப்பிள் (āppiḷ)

→ Telugu: ఆపిల్ (āpil)

desc

→ Thai: แอปเปิล (ɛ́p-bpə̂n)

→ Thai: แอปเปิล (ɛ́p-bpə̂n)

→ Tokelauan: apu

→ Tok Pisin: apel

→ Yurok: 'erplers (< apples)

Book of Genesis
Frans Floris
Malmö Art Museum
The Fall of Man

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl
Proto-Germanic *aplaz
Proto-West Germanic *applu
Old English æppel
Middle English appel
English apple
The noun is derived from Middle English appel (“Malus domestica fruit or tree, apple; any type of fruit, nut, or tuber; tree bearing fruit; (figurative) ball, sphere; (Christianity) forbidden fruit in Eden”), from Old English æppel (“apple; any type of fruit; (figurative) ball, sphere; eyeball”), from Proto-West Germanic *applu (“apple; any type of fruit”), from Proto-Germanic *aplaz (“apple; any type of fruit”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl, *h₂ébl̥ (“apple”).
As regards sense 1.4 (“forbidden fruit”), the type of fruit eaten by Adam and Eve is not identified in the Book of Genesis in the Bible. It may have come to be identified with the apple because of the similarity between Latin mālum (“apple”) and malum (“evil; misery, torment; wrongdoing”).
The verb is derived from the noun.
Cognates
Cognate with Danish æble, Dutch appel, German Apfel, Irish úll, Lithuanian óbuolỹs, Russian я́блоко (jábloko), Scots aipple, Swedish äpple, Welsh afal, West Frisian apel, possibly Ancient Greek ἄμπελος (ámpelos, “vine”).

ref

From the collection of the Malmö Art Museum in Malmö, Scania, Sweden.

omena

something which resembles the fruit of Malus domestica

the apple doesn't fall far from the tree

the apples on the other side of the wall are the sweetest

Him [man] by fraud I [Satan] have ſeduc'd / From his Creator, and the more to increaſe / Your vvonder, vvith an Apple; […]

1667, John Milton, “Book IX”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC, signature [Ll4], recto, lines 485–487:

I read and re-read her letter, and some softened feelings stole into my heart, and dared to whisper paradisiacal dreams of love and joy; but the apple was already eaten, and the angel's arm bared to drive me from all hope.

1816 June – 1817 April/May (date written), [Mary Shelley], chapter V, in Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. […], volume III, London: […] [Macdonald and Son] for Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones, published 1 January 1818, →OCLC, page 102:

Yes, of all human follies, love, / Methinks, hath served me best. / The Apple had done but little for me / If Eve had not done the rest.

1829, Robert Southey, “All for Love, or A Sinner Well Saved. Canto II.”, in All for Love; and The Pilgrim to Compostela, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, page 20:

Yes, fair Eve, just as Adam ate the apple, so beware!

1871, Harriet Beecher Stowe, “Congratulations, etc.”, in My Wife and I: Or, Harry Henderson’s History, New York, N.Y.: J. B. Ford and Company, →OCLC, page 399:

Yes mam. Woman ate the apple, and discovered sex, and lost all shame, and lift^([sic]) up her fig-leaf, and she must suffer the pains of hell. Monthly.

1975 (date written), Barry Reckord, “White Witch”, in For the Reckord: A Collection of Three Plays, London: Oberon Books, published 2010, →ISBN:

Sharon you've got a husband / And a family and a farm / I've got the apple of temptation / And a diamond snake around my arm

1976, Joni Mitchell (lyrics and music), “Song for Sharon”, in Hejira, Los Angeles, Calif.: Asylum Records, →OCLC:

A common, firm, round fruit produced by a tree of the genus Malus.

(Christianity) According to postbiblical Christian tradition, the fruit of the tree of knowledge which was eaten by Adam and Eve despite God commanding them not to do so; the forbidden fruit.


bergamot

en-noun

bergamot (countable and uncountable, plural bergamots)

From French bergamote, from Italian bergamotta, from Ottoman Turkish بك آرمودی (beg armudu, literally “a lord's pear”), denoting a fattish kind of pear. The European word developed the sense of a fruit of a certain citrus cultivar in the late 17th century.

der

/ˈbɜːɡəˌmɒt/

A tree of the orange family (Citrus × limon, syn. Citrus bergamia), having a roundish or pear-shaped fruit, from the rind of which an essential oil of delicious odor is extracted, much prized as a perfume.


russet

en-verb

russet (third-person singular simple present russets, present participle russeting or russetting, simple past and past participle russeted or russetted)

russets (present singular third-person)
russeting (participle present)
russetting (participle present)
russeted (participle past)
russeted (past)
russetted (participle past)
russetted (past)

From Middle English russet, from Anglo-Norman russet, rossat, roset, and Middle French rosset, rousset (“reddish, reddish-brown; a rough wool cloth”), from Middle French rous, rus (“to rouse”) + -et (diminutive suffix); compare Late Latin rossetum, russetum, russeta (“rough wool cloth”), Latin russus (“red”) (from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”)), Occitan rosseta (“rough wool cloth”).

Pear psylla causes damage when nymphs, feeding at high densities on leaves, produce enough honeydew to drip onto the fruit. A black, sooty mold fungus then grows into the honeydew, distorting and russeting the fruit surface, which substantially lowers its commercial value, […]

1995, T. R. Unruh, P. H. Westigard, K. S. Hagen, “Pear Psylla”, in J. R. Nechols et al., editors, Biological Control in the Western United States: Accomplishments and Benefits of Regional Research Project W-84, 1964–1989 (University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication; 3361), Oakland, Calif.: Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, →ISBN, page 95:

Cultivars differ greatly in their propensity to russet: the characteristic is heritable but more than one factor seems to be involved[…].

2003, John E. Jackson, “Flowers and Fruits”, in The Biology of Apples and Pears (Biology of Horticultural Crops), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 323:

I surprised my own amazement in the looking glass / where the resinous radiance of a chandelier / russeted the chaise longue and the chiffonier. / Autumn lay over everything I loved.

2007, Eric [Linn] Ormsby, “Time’s Covenant”, in Time’s Covenant: Selected Poems, Emeryville, Ont.: Biblioasis, →ISBN, prologue, stanza 3, page 256:

(ambitransitive, of apples, pears, etc.) To develop reddish-brown spots; to cause russeting.


bir

ein (indefinite nominative singular)
diu (definite nominative singular)
bir (nominative noun singular)
die (definite nominative plural)
birn (nominative noun plural)
einer (genitive indefinite singular)
dër (definite genitive singular)
birn (genitive noun singular)
dër (definite genitive plural)
birn (genitive noun plural)
einer (dative indefinite singular)
dër (dative definite singular)
birn (dative noun singular)
dën (dative definite plural)
birn (dative noun plural)
eine (accusative indefinite singular)
die (accusative definite singular)
birn (accusative noun singular)
die (accusative definite plural)
birn (accusative noun plural)
bire (alternative)
pir (alternative)

Alemannic German: Biire

Bavarian: Birn

desctree

German: Birne
→ Estonian: pirn
→ Kashubian: birna

Hunsrik: Bern

Luxembourgish: Bir

Vilamovian: biyn

Yiddish: באַר (bar)

Inherited from Old High German bira, from Vulgar Latin pira, plural of Latin pirum.


peer

From Dutch peer, from Middle Dutch pēre, from Vulgar Latin *pira, from Latin pirum.


peer

nl-noun

peer f (plural peren, diminutive peertje n)

peren (plural)
peertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: peer

Jersey Dutch: pêr

→ Aukan: peli

→ Saramaccan: péíli (from the diminutive form)

From Middle Dutch pēre, from Vulgar Latin *pira, from Latin pirum.

Het oude peertje in de lamp is kapot, we moeten het vervangen.

The old light bulb in the lamp is broken, we need to replace it.

Ze draaide het peertje in de fitting en de kamer was weer verlicht.

She screwed in the light bulb and the room was illuminated again.


geniting

genitings (plural)
jenneting (alternative)

/ˈd͡ʒɛnɪtɪŋ/

Probably from a diminutive of French Jean (“John”), so named as becoming ripe about St. John’s Day, June 24.

In July come gilliflowers of all varieties, musk-roses, the lime-tree in blossom, early pears, and plums, in fruit, genitings, codlins[…]

1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Gardens”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:

A variety of apple that ripens very early


pear

→⇒ Chinese: 啤梨 (pílí)

→⇒ Khmer: ផ្លែភា (phlae phiə)

→ Sotho: pere

→ Thai: แพร์ (pɛɛ)

→ Tokelauan: pea

→ Xhosa: ipere

From Middle English pere, from Old English pere, from Proto-West Germanic *peru, from Vulgar Latin *pira, originally the plural of Latin pirum but reconstrued as a feminine singular, ultimately a loanword from an unknown Mediterranean substrate source. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Peere (“pear”), Dutch peer (“pear”), Danish pære (“pear”), French poire (“pear”), German Birne (“pear”), Icelandic pera (“pear”), Swedish päron (“pear”).

An edible fruit produced by the pear tree, similar to an apple but typically elongated towards the stem.

Pyrus communis
Pyrus communis#Translingual


梨

Fourth grade kyōiku kanji (romanization)


梨

梨 (canonical)
梨 (canonical)
nashi (romanization)

Pyrus pyrifolia
Yamanashi prefecture
ja:ナシ

From Old Japanese, attested already in the Man'yōshū. Further derivation unclear.

align

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梨子地, 梨地

nashiji, a lacquer technique using gold or silver powder or flakes

Pyrus pyrifolia
Pyrus pyrifolia#Translingual

more specifically, a Japanese pear or Asian pear (Pyrus pyrifolia)


梨

From Middle Chinese 梨 (MC lij). Compare modern Mandarin 梨 (lí).

梨園

the theatrical world, the world of the theater


要

/kani no me/ → /kanome/ → /kaname/
A shift from older 蟹の目 (kani no me, “crab's eye”) from a superficial resemblance of the round pinhead of a folding fan to a crab's eye, influenced by a reanalysis of the term as 金目 (kaname, literally “metal” + visually prominent feature), as the pins were increasingly made from metal instead of earlier bamboo, wood, or whalebone.
First cited to 1220.

Short for 要黐 (kaname mochi): a tree, Japanese photinia (Photinia glabra)

要黐

(architecture) in a certain kind of traditional Japanese hip roof where the rafters splay out like the spines of a fan, the central point to which the rafter lines converge


appel

head

appel (plural appels, diminutive appeltjie)

→ Xhosa: i-apile

From Dutch appel, from Middle Dutch appel, from Old Dutch *appel, from Proto-West Germanic *applu, from Proto-Germanic *aplaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl.


appel

nl-noun

appel m (plural appels or appelen, diminutive appeltje n)

appels (plural)
appelen (plural)
appeltje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: appel
→ Xhosa: i-apile

Berbice Creole Dutch: apl

Jersey Dutch: āpel

Negerhollands: apl

→ Loup A: abel

→ Mahican: ápenes (from the plural form)

→ Malay: apel (Indonesian)

Indonesian: apêl

→? Mohegan-Pequot: appece

→ Munsee: áapulash (from the plural form)

→ Papiamentu: apel, appel

→? Sranan Tongo: apra

→ Caribbean Hindustani: aprá

→ Caribbean Javanese: aprah

→ Lokono: apra

→ Unami: apëlìsh (from the plural form)

From Middle Dutch appel, from Old Dutch appel, from Proto-West Germanic *applu, from Proto-Germanic *aplaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica#Translingual

Syzygium samarangense
Syzygium samarangense#Translingual

(Suriname) wax apple, Syzygium samarangense


appel

appel n (plural appels, diminutive appelletje n)

appels (plural)
appelletje (diminutive neuter)
appèl (alternative)

Afrikaans: appèl

→ Caribbean Javanese: apèl

→ Indonesian: apèl

→ Papiamentu: apèl

From Middle Dutch appeel, from Old French apel.

(military) roll call (muster of troops at which names are read out, to see if all are present)


manzana

→ Asi: mansanas

→ Bikol Central: mansana, mansanas

→ Cebuano: mansanas

→ Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl: manzana

→ Ilocano: mansanas

→ Karao: mansanas

→ Maranao: mansanas

→ Navajo: bilasáana

→ Quechua: mansana

→ Tagalog: mansanas

→ Waray-Waray: mansana

→ Western Apache: masáána

→ Yogad: mansanas

desc

→ Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl: manzana

→ Zuni: mansana

From earlier mazana, from Vulgar Latin *mattiāna, ellipsis of māla mattiāna, plural of Latin mālum mattiānum (literally “apple of Matius”), referring to a kind of apple. Gaius Matius, a friend of Julius Caesar and Cicero, was a Roman horticulturist and author of cookbooks. Cognate with Portuguese maçã, dialectal Catalan maçana.

der

dar la vuelta a la manzana


envy

en-noun

envy (countable and uncountable, plural envies)

From Middle English envie, from Old French envie, from Latin invidia (“envy”), from invidere (“to look at with malice”), from in- (“on, upon”) + videre (“to look, see”). Doublet of envie. Cognate to Proto-Slavic *zavistь (“envy”).
Displaced native Old English æfest.


яблоко

ru-noun+

я́блоко • (jábloko) n inan (genitive я́блока, nominative plural я́блоки, genitive plural я́блок, relational adjective я́блочный, diminutive я́блочко)

я́блоко (canonical)
jábloko (romanization)
я́блока (genitive)
я́блоки (nominative plural)
я́блок (genitive plural)
я́блочный (adjective relational)
я́блочко (diminutive)
я́блоко (nominative singular)
я́блоки (irregular nominative plural)
я́блока (genitive singular)
я́блок (genitive plural)
я́блоку (dative singular)
я́блокам (dative plural)
я́блоко (accusative singular)
я́блоки (accusative irregular plural)
я́блоком (instrumental singular)
я́блоками (instrumental plural)
я́блоке (prepositional singular)
я́блоках (plural prepositional)
я́блоко (dated nominative singular)
я́блоки (dated irregular nominative plural)
я́блока (dated genitive singular)
я́блокъ (dated genitive plural)
я́блоку (dated dative singular)
я́блокамъ (dated dative plural)
я́блоко (accusative dated singular)
я́блоки (accusative dated irregular plural)
я́блокомъ (dated instrumental singular)
я́блоками (dated instrumental plural)
я́блокѣ (dated prepositional singular)
я́блокахъ (dated plural prepositional)

→ Aleut: yaavluka

→ Buryat: яблока (jabloka)

→ Dolgan: яблоко (jabloko)

→ Kamassian: йаблакх (jablakʰ)

→ Khakas: яблоко (yabloko)

⇒ Mongolian: ᠶᠠᠪᠯᠣᠺ (yablok) / яблок (jablok)

→ Tuvan: яблоко (yabloko)

⇒ Tuvan: яблок (yablok)

→ Udmurt: яблок (jablok)

→ Yakut: яблоко (yabloko)

→ Skolt Sami: jabll

From Old East Slavic ꙗблъко (jablŭko), from Proto-Slavic *àblъko, diminutive of Proto-Slavic *ablo, equivalent to the non-existent **ябло + -ко . Cognate with Polish jabłko.

глазно́е глазной#Russian


Birne

de-noun

Birne f (genitive Birne, plural Birnen, diminutive Birnchen n)

Birne (genitive)
Birnen (plural)
Birnchen (diminutive neuter)
Birne (nominative singular)
Birnen (definite nominative plural)
Birne (genitive singular)
Birnen (definite genitive plural)
Birne (dative singular)
Birnen (dative definite plural)
Birne (accusative singular)
Birnen (accusative definite plural)

→ Estonian: pirn

→ Kashubian: birna

From Middle High German bire, bir, from Old High German bira, pira, from Vulgar Latin pira, reanalysis of the plural of Latin pirum. Early Modern German birn is from the Middle High German plural and dative/genitive singular, whence a double plural birnen was formed. The contemporary Birne is a new backformation from this plural (perhaps influenced also by the older, still dialectal form bire). Thus, between Latin and modern German, the word was reformed on the basis of the plural three times. Cognate with Alemannic German Bire.


thorn

From Middle English thorn, þorn, from Old English þorn, from Proto-West Germanic *þorn, from Proto-Germanic *þurnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós, from *(s)ter- (“stiff”).
Cognates
Near cognates include West Frisian toarn, Low German Doorn, Dutch doorn, German Dorn, Danish and Norwegian torn, Swedish torn, törne, Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (þaurnus). Further cognates include Old Church Slavonic трънъ (trŭnŭ, “thorn”), Russian тёрн (tjorn), Polish cierń, Kamkata-viri taňi, tai (“thorn”), Sanskrit तृण (tṛ́ṇa, “grass”).

cog

On the mountains a few junipers and piñons are found, and cactuses, agave, and yuccas, low, fleshy plants with bayonets and thorns.

1895, J[ohn] W[esley] Powell, chapter I, in Canyons of the Colorado, Meadville, PA: Flood & Vincent; republished as The Exploration of the Colorado River and Its Canyons, New York: Dover, 1961, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 22:

(botany) A sharp protective spine of a plant.

the white thorn

the cockspur thorn

Any shrub or small tree that bears thorns, especially a hawthorn.

трън

any shrub or small tree that bears thorns

In Old English manuscripts thorn and eth did not have different phonetic values but were used positionally[.]

1985, Robert Burchfield, The English Language, Oxford: Oxford University Press, page 175:

See also Etymology of ye (definite article).

A letter of Latin script (capital: Þ, small: þ), borrowed from the futhark; today used only in Icelandic to represent the voiceless dental fricative, but originally used in several early Germanic scripts, including Old English where it represented the dental fricatives that are today written th (Old English did not have phonemic voicing distinctions for fricatives).


pea

From Proto-Polynesian *pea. Cognates include Tongan pea and Samoan pea.

Indicates that the action was performed in spite of what preceded; nevertheless, still


alma

az-noun

alma (definite accusative almanı, plural almalar)

almanı (accusative definite)
almalar (plural)
almam (first-person nominative possessive singular)
almalarım (first-person nominative possessive singular)
alman (nominative possessive second-person singular)
almaların (nominative possessive second-person singular)
alması (nominative possessive singular third-person)
almaları (nominative possessive singular third-person)
almamız (first-person nominative plural possessive)
almalarımız (first-person nominative plural possessive)
almanız (nominative plural possessive second-person)
almalarınız (nominative plural possessive second-person)
alması (nominative plural possessive third-person)
almaları (nominative plural possessive third-person)
almamı (accusative first-person possessive singular)
almalarımı (accusative first-person possessive singular)
almanı (accusative possessive second-person singular)
almalarını (accusative possessive second-person singular)
almasını (accusative possessive singular third-person)
almalarını (accusative possessive singular third-person)
almamızı (accusative first-person plural possessive)
almalarımızı (accusative first-person plural possessive)
almanızı (accusative plural possessive second-person)
almalarınızı (accusative plural possessive second-person)
almasını (accusative plural possessive third-person)
almalarını (accusative plural possessive third-person)
almama (dative first-person possessive singular)
almalarıma (dative first-person possessive singular)
almana (dative possessive second-person singular)
almalarına (dative possessive second-person singular)
almasına (dative possessive singular third-person)
almalarına (dative possessive singular third-person)
almamıza (dative first-person plural possessive)
almalarımıza (dative first-person plural possessive)
almanıza (dative plural possessive second-person)
almalarınıza (dative plural possessive second-person)
almasına (dative plural possessive third-person)
almalarına (dative plural possessive third-person)
almamda (first-person locative possessive singular)
almalarımda (first-person locative possessive singular)
almanda (locative possessive second-person singular)
almalarında (locative possessive second-person singular)
almasında (locative possessive singular third-person)
almalarında (locative possessive singular third-person)
almamızda (first-person locative plural possessive)
almalarımızda (first-person locative plural possessive)
almanızda (locative plural possessive second-person)
almalarınızda (locative plural possessive second-person)
almasında (locative plural possessive third-person)
almalarında (locative plural possessive third-person)
almamdan (ablative first-person possessive singular)
almalarımdan (ablative first-person possessive singular)
almandan (ablative possessive second-person singular)
almalarından (ablative possessive second-person singular)
almasından (ablative possessive singular third-person)
almalarından (ablative possessive singular third-person)
almamızdan (ablative first-person plural possessive)
almalarımızdan (ablative first-person plural possessive)
almanızdan (ablative plural possessive second-person)
almalarınızdan (ablative plural possessive second-person)
almasından (ablative plural possessive third-person)
almalarından (ablative plural possessive third-person)
almamın (first-person genitive possessive singular)
almalarımın (first-person genitive possessive singular)
almanın (genitive possessive second-person singular)
almalarının (genitive possessive second-person singular)
almasının (genitive possessive singular third-person)
almalarının (genitive possessive singular third-person)
almamızın (first-person genitive plural possessive)
almalarımızın (first-person genitive plural possessive)
almanızın (genitive plural possessive second-person)
almalarınızın (genitive plural possessive second-person)
almasının (genitive plural possessive third-person)
almalarının (genitive plural possessive third-person)

Azerbaijani

Inherited from Proto-Common Turkic *alma.


alma

alma (nominative)
almanıñ (genitive)
almağa (dative)
almanı (accusative)
almada (locative)
almadan (ablative)
elma (alternative)


alma

almák (plural)
alma (nominative singular)
almák (nominative plural)
almát (accusative singular)
almákat (accusative plural)
almának (dative singular)
almáknak (dative plural)
almával (instrumental singular)
almákkal (instrumental plural)
almáért (causal-final singular)
almákért (causal-final plural)
almává (singular translative)
almákká (plural translative)
almáig (singular terminative)
almákig (plural terminative)
almaként (essive-formal singular)
almákként (essive-formal plural)
almában (inessive singular)
almákban (inessive plural)
almán (singular superessive)
almákon (plural superessive)
almánál (adessive singular)
almáknál (adessive plural)
almába (illative singular)
almákba (illative plural)
almára (singular sublative)
almákra (plural sublative)
almához (allative singular)
almákhoz (allative plural)
almából (elative singular)
almákból (elative plural)
almáról (delative singular)
almákról (delative plural)
almától (ablative singular)
almáktól (ablative plural)
almáé (singular)
almáké (plural)
almáéi (singular)
almákéi (plural)
almám (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
almáim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
almád (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
almáid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
almája (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
almái (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
almánk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
almáink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
almátok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
almáitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
almájuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
almáik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)


alma

head

alma (definite accusative almayı, plural almalar)

almayı (accusative definite)
almalar (plural)

verbal noun of almak
taking, picking up, buying


alma

alma (definite accusative almany, plural almalar)

almany (accusative definite)
almalar (plural)
alma (nominative singular)
almalar (nominative plural)
almany (accusative singular)
almalary (accusative plural)
almanyň (genitive singular)
almalaryň (genitive plural)
almā (dative singular)
almalara (dative plural)
almada (locative singular)
almalarda (locative plural)
almadan (ablative singular)
almalardan (ablative plural)


pera

Inherited from Old Catalan pera, from Vulgar Latin *pira, from the plural of Latin pirum, reanalyzed as a feminine singular.


pera

From Old Galician-Portuguese pera (13th century, Alfonso X), from Vulgar Latin *pira, from the plural of Latin pirum, reanalyzed as a feminine singular.


pera

is-noun

pera f (genitive singular peru, nominative plural perur)

peru (genitive singular)
perur (nominative plural)
pera (indefinite nominative singular)
peran (definite nominative singular)
perur (indefinite nominative plural)
perurnar (definite nominative plural)
peru (accusative indefinite singular)
peruna (accusative definite singular)
perur (accusative indefinite plural)
perurnar (accusative definite plural)
peru (dative indefinite singular)
perunni (dative definite singular)
perum (dative indefinite plural)
perunum (dative definite plural)
peru (genitive indefinite singular)
perunnar (definite genitive singular)
pera (genitive indefinite plural)
peranna (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse pera, probably from Old English pere, peru, from Latin pirum.


pera

From Vulgar Latin *pira, from the plural of Latin pirum, reanalyzed as a feminine singular.

farsi una pera


pera

Clipping of espera, imperative of esperar (“to wait”)

(colloquial) wait (asking for stop to make an observation)


pera

→ Jicarilla: béela

Inherited from Old Spanish pera, from Vulgar Latin *pira, from the plural of Latin pirum, reanalyzed as a feminine singular.


omena

omena (nominative singular)
omenat (nominative plural)
omenan (genitive singular)
omeniin (genitive plural)
omenaa (partitive singular)
omenia (partitive plural)
omenaa (illative singular)
omenii (illative plural)
omenaas (inessive singular)
omeniis (inessive plural)
omenast (elative singular)
omenist (elative plural)
omenalle (allative singular)
omenille (allative plural)
omenaal (adessive singular)
omeniil (adessive plural)
omenalt (ablative singular)
omenilt (ablative plural)
omenaks (singular translative)
omeniks (plural translative)
omenanna (essive singular)
omenaan (essive singular)
omeninna (essive plural)
omeniin (essive plural)
omenant (exessive singular)
omenint (exessive plural)

[ˈo̞mˑe̝ːnɑ]

From Proto-Finnic *omëna. Cognates include Finnish omena and Estonian õun.


hruška

cs-noun

hruška f (relational adjective hruškový, diminutive hruštička)

hruškový (adjective relational)
hruštička (diminutive)
hruška (nominative singular)
hrušky (nominative plural)
hrušky (genitive singular)
hrušek (genitive plural)
hrušce (dative singular)
hruškám (dative plural)
hrušku (accusative singular)
hrušky (accusative plural)
hruško (singular vocative)
hrušky (plural vocative)
hrušce (locative singular)
hruškách (locative plural)
hruškou (instrumental singular)
hruškami (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Old Czech hruška, diminutive of hrušě, from Proto-Slavic *gruša.


hruška

hruškový (adjective relational)
hruštička (diminutive)
nominative
hruška (singular)
hrušky (plural)
genitive
hrušky (singular)
hrušiek (plural)
dative
hruške (singular)
hruškám (plural)
accusative
hrušku (singular)
locative
hruškách (plural)
instrumental
hruškou (singular)
hruškami (plural)


hruška

hrȗška (canonical feminine)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
hrúška (nominative singular)
hrúški (dual nominative)
hrúške (nominative plural)
hrúške (genitive singular)
hrúšk (dual genitive)
hrúšk (genitive plural)
hrúški (dative singular)
hrúškama (dative dual)
hrúškam (dative plural)
hrúško (accusative singular)
hrúški (accusative dual)
hrúške (accusative plural)
hrúški (locative singular)
hrúškah (dual locative)
hrúškah (locative plural)
hrúško (instrumental singular)
hrúškama (dual instrumental)
hrúškami (instrumental plural)


quicken

From Middle English quiken (“(chiefly in place names) probably the European rowan or mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia), and possibly also the aspen (Populus tremula), juniper (genus Juniperus, specifically the common juniper (Juniperus communis)), or service tree (Sorbus domestica)”), possibly from Old English cwician (“to bring to life, vivify; to come to life, become living; to quicken”) (see etymology 1).

inh

[…] Miss Wannop moved off down the path: it was only suited for Indian file, and had on the left hand a ten-foot, untrimmed quicken hedge, the hawthorn blossoms just beginning to blacken at the edges and small green haws to show.

1924 April, Ford Madox Ford, chapter V, in Some Do Not … […] (Parade’s End; 1), 2nd edition, London: Duckworth and Company […], published June 1924, →OCLC, part 1, page 132:

Sorbus aucuparia
Sorbus aucuparia#Translingual

(chiefly Ireland, Northern England) In full quicken tree: the European rowan, rowan, or mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia).


azarole

From French azerole, from Spanish acerola, from Andalusian Arabic الزَعْرُورَة (az-zaʕrúra), from Classical Arabic زُعْرُورَة (zuʕrūra). Doublet of acerola.

der

الزَعْرُورَة

Crataegus azarolus
Crataegus azarolus#Translingual

Any of species Crataegus azarolus of shrubs of southern Europe, related to hawthorn.


jazz

en-noun

jazz (usually uncountable, plural jazzes)

jazzes (plural)
jaz (alternative)
jas (alternative)
jass (alternative)
jasz (alternative)

→ Arabic: جَاز (jāz)

→ Armenian: ջազ (ǰaz)

→ Bulgarian: джаз (džaz)

→ Catalan: jazz, džez

→ Czech: jazz

→ Danish: jazz

→ Dutch: jazz

→ Esperanto: ĵazo

→ Estonian: džäss

→ Faroese: djassur

→ Finnish: jazz, jatsi

→ French: jazz

→ Georgian: ჯაზი (ǯazi)

→ German: Jazz

→ Greek: τζαζ (tzaz)

desc

→ Hebrew: ג׳ז, ג׳אז

→ Hebrew: ג׳ז, ג׳אז

→ Hungarian: dzsessz, jazz

→ Icelandic: djass, jass

→ Italian: jazz

→ Japanese: ジャズ (jazu)

→ Korean: 재즈 (jaejeu)

→ Latvian: džezs

→ Lithuanian: džiazas

→ Macedonian: џез (džez)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: jazz

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: jazz

→ Persian: جاز

→ Polish: jazz, dżez

→ Portuguese: jazz

→ Romanian: jazz

→ Russian: джаз (džaz)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: џе̏з

Latin script: džȅz

→ Slovak: džez

→ Slovene: džẹ̑z

→ Spanish: jazz

→ Swedish: jazz

→ Tagalog: dyas, diyas

→ Thai: แจ๊ส (jɛ́ɛt)

→ Turkish: caz

→ Ukrainian: джаз (džaz)

→ Yiddish: דזשאַז (dzhaz)

Unknown. First attested around 1912 in a discussion of baseball; attested in reference to music around 1915. Numerous references suggest that the term may be connected to jasm and jism.

You dare to bring your jazz songs into my house!

1927, Samson Raphaelson, Alfred A. Cohn, The Jazz Singer, spoken by Jakie Rabinowitz (Al Jolson):

You all look out now, here I come, everybody step aside, I’m gonna show you where from! I'm gonna blow in this horn and make you know that jazz is the king and let it be so!

1946, Milton “Mezz” Mezzrow, Bernard Wolfe, “Not too Far Tangent”, in Really the Blues, New York, N.Y.: Random House, book 1 (1899–1923: A Nothin’ but a Child), page 30:

You see, the kids, they listen to the rap music which gives them the brain damage. With their hippin', and the hoppin', and the bippin', and the boppin', so they don't know what the jazz…is all about! You see, jazz is like the Jello Pudding Pop—no, actually, it's more like Kodak film—no, actually, jazz is like the New Coke: it'll be around forever, heh heh.

1995, Mike Reiss, Al Jean, “'Round Springfield”, in The Simpsons, season 6, episode 22, spoken by Bill Cosby:

(music) A musical art form rooted in West African cultural and musical expression and in the African American blues tradition, with diverse influences over time, commonly characterized by blue notes, syncopation, swing, call and response, polyrhythms and improvisation.

Suddenly, Bobby oozed his jazz into Gene's throat.

[…] making Glenn feel as though he could never stop shooting his jazz wildly up inside the man's brawny body!

1974, Peter Pepper, Meatslinger, page 141:

As he clung to the legs of his captor, he splayed his own out to the side, baring his groin and genitals to the eyes of all just as his jazz began to spurt out onto the stage.

2018, Bert Shrader, A Gay Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum:


crab

en-noun

crab (countable and uncountable, plural crabs)

From Middle English crabbe, from Old English crabba (“crab; crayfish; cancer”), from Proto-West Germanic *krabbō, from Proto-Germanic *krabbô, from *krabbōną (“to creep, crawl”), from Proto-Indo-European *grobʰeh₂yéti (“scratch, claw at”), a metathesised o-grade of *gerbʰ-. More at carve.
Cognates
See also Dutch krab, Low German Krabb, Danish krabbe, Swedish krabba.
Further cognates with frequentative-infix are Saterland Frisian krabbelje (“to creep, crawl”), Dutch krabbelen (“to scratch”) and German krabbeln (“to crawl”). Possibly related to English creep and Swedish krypa (“to creep, crawl”) etc.

cog

Although crabs themselves are an easily treated inconvenience, the patient and his partner(s) clearly run major STD risks.

Pthirus pubis
Pthirus pubis#Translingual

(in plural crabs, informal) An infestation of pubic lice (Pthirus pubis).


crab

en-verb

crab (third-person singular simple present crabs, present participle crabbing, simple past and past participle crabbed)

crabs (present singular third-person)
crabbing (participle present)
crabbed (participle past)
crabbed (past)

Time slowed down then, became liquid in the aftermath of his grotesque, unfolding limbs; he crabbed his way down the faded line, rocking back and forth in braces he would use all his life.

2011, Robert Vivian, The Least Cricket of Evening, page 108:

Foot by foot, he crabbed his way down another ninety feet of rock chimney until he stood on solid ground again, still very much alive.

To move in a manner that involves keeping low and clinging to surfaces.


crab

From Middle English crabbe (“wild apple”), of Germanic origin, plausibly from North Germanic, cognate with Swedish dialect scrabba.

The tree bearing crab apples, which has a dogbane-like bitter bark with medical use.


bira

desctree

Middle High German: bir, bire, pir
Alemannic German: Biire
Bavarian: Birn
German: Birne
→ Estonian: pirn
→ Kashubian: birna
Hunsrik: Bern
Luxembourgish: Bir
Vilamovian: biyn
Yiddish: באַר (bar)

Monastic borrowing from Medieval Latin pira. The earlier Proto-West Germanic *peru would have yielded Old High German *phera.


haw

From Middle English hawe, from Old English haga (“enclosure, hedge”), from Proto-Germanic *hagô (compare West Frisian haach, Dutch haag, German Hag (“hedged farmland”), Norwegian Bokmål hage (“garden”)), from Proto-Indo-European *kagʰom (compare Welsh cae (“field”), Latin caulae (“sheepfold, enclosure”), cohum (“strap between plowbeam and yoke”), Russian кош (koš, “tent”), коша́ра (košára, “sheepfold”), Sanskrit कक्ष (kakṣa, “curtain wall”)), from *kagʰ- 'to catch, grasp' (compare Welsh cau (“to clasp”), Oscan kahad (“may he seize”).


haw

en-noun

haw (countable and uncountable, plural haws)

Late Middle English (denoting a discharge from the eye), of uncertain origin. Perhaps related to Etymology 2 above, describing a berry.

nictitating membrane
nictitating membrane

(countable, anatomy) The third eyelid, or nictitating membrane.

(uncountable) A disease of the nictitating membrane.


gala

From French gala, or directly from that word's etymon, which is either Italian gala, or Spanish gala, both meaning "festive occasion", and derived from Old French gale (“rejoicing”). (The French word likely kept the final -a to avoid homophony with gale (“scabies”).) Ultimately cognate to gallant and hence probably from Frankish *wala (“good, well”).


loquat

Japan Mespilus, or Loquat.

1811, William Aiton, Hortus Kewensis; or, A catalogue of the plants cultivated in the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew, volume 3:

As far as the eye can see, one observes nothing but loquat orchards growing luxuriantly on the low, rich land, where the roots never suffer from lack of water.

1915, Ira Judson Condit, The Loquat, page 254:

I climbed up into the loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) tree in our backyard to think.

2009, Howard Camner, Turbulence at 67 Inches: The Autobiography, page 61:

Eriobotrya japonica
Eriobotrya japonica#Translingual

Any of species Eriobotrya japonica of trees (Japanese medlar, Chinese plum, Japanese plum).


medlar

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-medlar.wav

From Middle English medler, medeler, from Old French medler, meslier, from medle, mesdle (“medlar fruit”), from Latin mespilum, from Ancient Greek μέσπιλον (méspilon). Related to the rare mesple, via Proto-West Germanic *mespilā.

Any tree of the genus Mespilus, now Crataegus sect. Mespilus, including many species now in other genera.

Any of several similar trees that bear similar fruit:

Mediterranean medlar or azarole (Crataegus azarolus: family Rosaceae).

Mediterranean medlar
Mediterranean medlar

Japanese medlar or loquat (Eriobotrya japonica: family Rosaceae).

The fruit of such trees, similar to small apples:

Especially that of Crataegus sect. Mespilus, not eaten until it has begun to decay, or more specifically, to blet.


sorb

Borrowed from Middle French sorbier (the tree), sorbe (the fruit), from Latin sorbus (the tree), sorbum (the fruit). See service tree.

Sorbus domestica
Sorbus domestica#Translingual

Any of various related trees, including the wild service tree, S. torminalis, and the rowan, S. aucuparia.

The fruit of any of these trees, especially of the service tree.


sorb

en-verb

sorb (third-person singular simple present sorbs, present participle sorbing, simple past and past participle sorbed)

sorbs (present singular third-person)
sorbing (participle present)
sorbed (participle past)
sorbed (past)

1971, E. K. Duursma, M. G. Gross, Chapter Six: Marine Sediments and Radioactivity, National Research Council (U.S.) Committee on Oceanography Panel on Radioactivity in the Marine Environment, Radioactivity in the marine environment, page 148,
In sediments with large cation exchange capacities, as calculated from the mineral composition (Duursma and Eisma, unpublished), the radionuclides were somewhat more strongly sorbed (Figure 2).

The exchange of pesticide compounds between aqueous solution and the sorbed phase in soils is not instantaneous.

2005, J. E. Barbash, “The Geochemistry of Pesticides”, in Barbara Sherwood Lollar, editor, Treatise on Geochemistry 9: Environmental Geochemistry, Second Edition, page 548:

The quantity sorbed is often found to be well represented by the combination of a compartment exhibiting linear, reversible sorption and a compartment that exhibits nonlinear and thermodynamic irreversib[l]e sorption.

2007, Danny D. Reible, “Chapter 21: Contaminant Processes in Sediments”, in Marcelo H. García, editor, Sedimentation Engineering: Processes, Management, Modeling, and Practice, page 966:


aroma

An sweet and tart autumn apple cultivar, with crisp and yellowish flesh, whose skin ranges from green to yellow with red blush; a hybrid of Ingrid Marie and Filippa.


cooker

→ Welsh: cwcer

From cook + -er (agent noun suffix) or + -er (patient suffix) (apple; one who is cooked).

For the British market, apples are classed as early, mid-season, or late, and subdivided into eaters or cookers.

2004, Laura Mason, Food Culture in Great Britain, page 94:

(slang, Australia) A person who makes or uses illicit drugs, especially methamphetamine or cannabis.

[…] does not know how to pick up the liquid from the cooker, and he asks someone else to use his rig to put his part in his rig.

1995, Reyes Ramos, An Ethnographic Study of Heroin Abuse by Mexican Americans in San Antonio, Texas, page 36:

(slang) The container in which recreational drugs are prepared.

(slang, derogatory, Australia) A person who is cooked in the head; a crazy person.


sceach

head

sceach f (genitive singular sceiche, nominative plural sceacha)

sceiche (genitive singular)
sceacha (nominative plural)
sceach (indefinite nominative singular)
sceacha (indefinite nominative plural)
a sceach (indefinite singular vocative)
a sceacha (indefinite plural vocative)
sceiche (genitive indefinite singular)
sceach (genitive indefinite plural)
sceach (dative indefinite singular)
sceich (archaic dative dialectal indefinite singular)
sceacha (dative indefinite plural)
an sceach (definite nominative singular)
na sceacha (definite nominative plural)
na sceiche (definite genitive singular)
na sceach (definite genitive plural)
leis an sceach (dative definite singular)
leis an sceich (archaic dative definite dialectal singular)
don sceach (dative definite singular)
don sceich (archaic dative definite dialectal singular)
leis na sceacha (dative definite plural)
scéach (alternative)

From Old Irish scé (“thornbush, whitethorn”), sometimes declined as an -iā-stem or a dental stem (genitive sciad), but also as a guttural stem, forming the genitive sciach. The dental stem may be original, judging from Welsh ysbyddad (“hawthorn, thornbush”), in which case the ancestor was Proto-Celtic *skʷiyats.

sceachach

full of hawthorns, of thorn-bushes; briery, brambly


warden

→ Welsh: warden, gwarden

From Middle English wardein, from Anglo-Norman wardein, from warder (“to guard”), variant of Old French guarder (“to guard”) (whence modern French garder, also English guard), from Proto-Germanic *ward-; related to Old High German wartēn (“to watch”). Compare guardian, French gardien, from Old French guardian, guardein. Compare also ward and reward. Doublet of guardian.

An official charged with supervisory duties or with the enforcement of specific laws or regulations; such as a game warden or air-raid warden.

nəzarətçi

an official charged with supervisory duties


toyon

en-noun

toyon (countable and uncountable, plural toyons)

A chiefly Californian ornamental evergreen shrub (Photinia arbutifolia, syn. Heteromeles arbutifolia) of the rose family having white flowers succeeded by red berries.


urraca

urracas (plural)
pera orraca (alternative)
pera urraca (alternative)

Attested since circa 1750. From the older peras de Dona Urraca, "Lady Urraca's pears", from the feminine personal name Urraca.

a local and very appreciated variety of bittersweet pear


蘋果

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰĩ²⁴ ko¹¹/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ kʷɔː³⁵/

/pʰəŋ²¹ kɔ³⁵/

/pʰen²² kᵘɔ⁵⁵/

/pʰɪŋ⁴² kɔ²¹/

/pʰiŋ¹¹ kuɤ⁵³/

/piŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuo³³/

/piŋ¹³⁻²¹ kɒ⁴⁵³/

/piŋ¹³⁻²¹ kɒ³³²/

/pʰeŋ²³⁻²¹ ko⁴⁴⁵/

/pʰiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹² ko⁵³/

/pʰeŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ko⁴²/

/pʰiɪŋ¹³⁻²² ko⁵³/

/pʰiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ko⁵³/

/pʰiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/pʰiaŋ²⁴⁻²² ko⁵³/

/pʰiaŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/pʰɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɤ⁴¹/

/pʰɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ko⁵⁵/

/pʰɔŋ²⁴⁻³³ ko⁵³/

/pʰɔŋ²⁴⁻³³ kɤ⁵³/

/piɪŋ²³⁻³³ kɤ⁴¹/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ko⁵³/

/pin²⁴⁻¹¹ ko⁵³/

/pin²³⁻³³ kɤ⁴¹/

/pɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ko⁵³/

/pɔŋ²³⁻³³ kɤ⁴¹/

/pʰeŋ²⁴⁻²¹ kue⁴²/

/pʰeŋ²⁴⁻²¹ kə⁴²/

/pʰiŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kue⁵²/

/pʰiŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kũẽ⁵²/

/pʰeŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kue⁵²/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ ko³³/

/biŋ²² kəu⁵¹/

/piŋ³³ kuɤ⁵³⁵/

/bin¹³ kɔ⁴²⁻¹/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰĩ²⁴ ko¹¹/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ kʷɔː³⁵/

/pʰəŋ²¹ kɔ³⁵/

/pʰen²² kᵘɔ⁵⁵/

/pʰɪŋ⁴² kɔ²¹/

/pʰiŋ¹¹ kuɤ⁵³/

/piŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuo³³/

/piŋ¹³⁻²¹ kɒ⁴⁵³/

/piŋ¹³⁻²¹ kɒ³³²/

/pʰeŋ²³⁻²¹ ko⁴⁴⁵/

/pʰiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹² ko⁵³/

/pʰeŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ko⁴²/

/pʰiɪŋ¹³⁻²² ko⁵³/

/pʰiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ko⁵³/

/pʰiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/pʰiaŋ²⁴⁻²² ko⁵³/

/pʰiaŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/pʰɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɤ⁴¹/

/pʰɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ko⁵⁵/

/pʰɔŋ²⁴⁻³³ ko⁵³/

/pʰɔŋ²⁴⁻³³ kɤ⁵³/

/piɪŋ²³⁻³³ kɤ⁴¹/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ko⁵³/

/pin²⁴⁻¹¹ ko⁵³/

/pin²³⁻³³ kɤ⁴¹/

/pɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ko⁵³/

/pɔŋ²³⁻³³ kɤ⁴¹/

/pʰeŋ²⁴⁻²¹ kue⁴²/

/pʰeŋ²⁴⁻²¹ kə⁴²/

/pʰiŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kue⁵²/

/pʰiŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kũẽ⁵²/

/pʰeŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kue⁵²/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ ko³³/

/biŋ²² kəu⁵¹/

/piŋ³³ kuɤ⁵³⁵/

/bin¹³ kɔ⁴²⁻¹/

From abbreviation of the Sanskrit transcription 頻婆 + native Chinese 果 (“fruit”).
A 艹 (“grass”) radical was added to 頻 to make its meaning more apparent. See 頻婆 for more.


pyracanth

Any of various thorny shrubs of the genus Pyracantha having small white flowers followed by hard red or orange-red berries


pyracanthus

A pyracantha; a plant of the genus Pyracantha; the firethorn.


elma

head

elma (definite accusative elmayı, plural elmalar)

elmayı (accusative definite)
elmalar (plural)
elma (nominative singular)
elmalar (nominative plural)
elmayı (accusative definite singular)
elmaları (accusative definite plural)
elmaya (dative singular)
elmalara (dative plural)
elmada (locative singular)
elmalarda (locative plural)
elmadan (ablative singular)
elmalardan (ablative plural)
elmanın (genitive singular)
elmaların (genitive plural)
elmam (first-person nominative singular)
elmalarım (first-person nominative singular)
elman (nominative second-person singular)
elmaların (nominative second-person singular)
elması (nominative singular third-person)
elmaları (nominative singular third-person)
elmamız (first-person nominative plural)
elmalarımız (first-person nominative plural)
elmanız (nominative plural second-person)
elmalarınız (nominative plural second-person)
elmaları (nominative plural third-person)
elmamı (accusative definite first-person singular)
elmalarımı (accusative definite first-person singular)
elmanı (accusative definite second-person singular)
elmalarını (accusative definite second-person singular)
elmasını (accusative definite singular third-person)
elmalarını (accusative definite singular third-person)
elmamızı (accusative definite first-person plural)
elmalarımızı (accusative definite first-person plural)
elmanızı (accusative definite plural second-person)
elmalarınızı (accusative definite plural second-person)
elmalarını (accusative definite plural third-person)
elmama (dative first-person singular)
elmalarıma (dative first-person singular)
elmana (dative second-person singular)
elmalarına (dative second-person singular)
elmasına (dative singular third-person)
elmalarına (dative singular third-person)
elmamıza (dative first-person plural)
elmalarımıza (dative first-person plural)
elmanıza (dative plural second-person)
elmalarınıza (dative plural second-person)
elmalarına (dative plural third-person)
elmamda (first-person locative singular)
elmalarımda (first-person locative singular)
elmanda (locative second-person singular)
elmalarında (locative second-person singular)
elmasında (locative singular third-person)
elmalarında (locative singular third-person)
elmamızda (first-person locative plural)
elmalarımızda (first-person locative plural)
elmanızda (locative plural second-person)
elmalarınızda (locative plural second-person)
elmalarında (locative plural third-person)
elmamdan (ablative first-person singular)
elmalarımdan (ablative first-person singular)
elmandan (ablative second-person singular)
elmalarından (ablative second-person singular)
elmasından (ablative singular third-person)
elmalarından (ablative singular third-person)
elmamızdan (ablative first-person plural)
elmalarımızdan (ablative first-person plural)
elmanızdan (ablative plural second-person)
elmalarınızdan (ablative plural second-person)
elmalarından (ablative plural third-person)
elmamın (first-person genitive singular)
elmalarımın (first-person genitive singular)
elmanın (genitive second-person singular)
elmalarının (genitive second-person singular)
elmasının (genitive singular third-person)
elmalarının (genitive singular third-person)
elmamızın (first-person genitive plural)
elmalarımızın (first-person genitive plural)
elmanızın (genitive plural second-person)
elmalarınızın (genitive plural second-person)
elmalarının (genitive plural third-person)

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish الما (elma), from Proto-Common Turkic *alma.


quince

en-noun

quince (countable and uncountable, plural quinces)

→ Thai: ควินซ์ (kwíns)

→ Welsh: cwins

From Middle English quynce, coince, a variant of coins, coin (“quince”), from Old French cooing (modern coing), from Late Latin cotōneum, from Latin mālum cotōneum, a variant of mālum Cydonium (“Cydonian apple”), translating Ancient Greek μηλοκυδώνιον (mēlokudṓnion).

der

μηλοκυδώνιον

Cydonia oblonga
Cydonia oblonga#Translingual

(countable) The pear-shaped fruit of a small tree of the rose family, Cydonia oblonga.


quoin

In Casterbridge there stood a noble pile, […]
But evil days beset that domicile;
The stately beauties of its roof and wall
Passed into sordid hands. Condemned to fall
Were cornice, quoin, and cove,
And all that art had wove in antique style.

1901, Thomas Hardy, A Man (In Memory Of H. Of M.):

Any of the corner building blocks of a building, usually larger or more ornate than the surrounding blocks.

Next fit the quoins, using the “persuader” to squeeze in the pages, and tap up all around.

1898, John Southward, Modern Printing: A Handbook of the Principles and Practice of Typography and the Auxiliary Arts:

(printing, historical) A metal wedge which fits into the space between the type and the edge of a chase, and is tightened to fix the metal type in place.

(firearms) A wedge of wood or iron put under the breech of heavy guns or the muzzle of siege-mortars to raise them to the proper level.

(horticulture) A number of apple varieties with a distinctive ribbed appearance, like corners of a coin.


quoin

en-verb

quoin (third-person singular simple present quoins, present participle quoining, simple past and past participle quoined)

quoins (present singular third-person)
quoining (participle present)
quoined (participle past)
quoined (past)

(transitive) To wedge or steady with quoins.


Jonathan

/ˈd͡ʒɒnəθən/

/ˈd͡ʒɑnəθɪn/

Borrowed from Hebrew יְהוֹנָתָן (iehonatán), יוֹנָתָן (ionatán, literally “God has given”), apparently with influence from Aramaic [Term?].

bor+

Here crashed a sturdy oath of stout John Bull,
Who damned away his eyes as heretofore;
There Paddy brogued “By Jasus!”—“What’s your Wull?”
The temperate Scot exclaimed; the French Ghost swore
In certain terms I shan’t translate in full,
As the first Coachman will; and midst the roar
The voice of Jonathan was heard to express,
“Our president is going to war, I guess.”—

1822, Lord Byron, The Vision of Judgement, stanza 59:

The best single source of comment on Marble's capacities as a low comedian, as with the other Yankees, is the record of his London reception. […] One viewer thought it was not as outrageous as Jonathans usually are, […]

2014, Francis Hodge, Yankee Theatre: The Image of America on the Stage, 1825–1850:

(dated, slang) An American; a Yank; Brother Jonathan.


peur

head

peur f (genitive singular pèire, plural peuran)

pèire (genitive singular)
peuran (plural)
peur
pheur

From Middle English pere, from Old English pere, from Vulgar Latin *pira, originally the plural of Latin pirum but reconstrued as a feminine singular. Cognate with English pear and French poire.


Bailey

Bailie (alternative)
Baily (alternative)
Bayly (alternative)
Bayley (alternative)
Bailee (alternative)
Baylee (alternative)

Sherburne County
Sherburne County#English

A number of places in the United States:

An unincorporated community in Sherburne County, Minnesota.


Orient

/ˈɔː.ɹɪ.ənt/


armut

armut (accusative [please provide], plural [please provide])

armut (nominative singular)
armutlar (nominative plural)
armutnıñ (genitive singular)
armutlarnıñ (genitive plural)
armutqa (dative singular)
armutlarğa (dative plural)
armutnı (accusative singular)
armutlarnı (accusative plural)
armutta (locative singular)
armutlarda (locative plural)
armuttan (ablative singular)
armutlardan (ablative plural)

Inherited from Middle Kipchak ارمت (armut), a wanderwort from a Caucasian substrate, compare Persian ارمود (armud), امرود (amrud).


armut

armut (definite accusative armudu, plural armutlar)

armudu (accusative definite)
armutlar (plural)
armut (nominative singular)
armutlar (nominative plural)
armudu (accusative definite singular)
armutları (accusative definite plural)
armuda (dative singular)
armutlara (dative plural)
armutta (locative singular)
armutlarda (locative plural)
armuttan (ablative singular)
armutlardan (ablative plural)
armudun (genitive singular)
armutların (genitive plural)
armudum (first-person nominative singular)
armutlarım (first-person nominative singular)
armudun (nominative second-person singular)
armutların (nominative second-person singular)
armudu (nominative singular third-person)
armutları (nominative singular third-person)
armudumuz (first-person nominative plural)
armutlarımız (first-person nominative plural)
armudunuz (nominative plural second-person)
armutlarınız (nominative plural second-person)
armutları (nominative plural third-person)
armudumu (accusative definite first-person singular)
armutlarımı (accusative definite first-person singular)
armudunu (accusative definite second-person singular)
armutlarını (accusative definite second-person singular)
armudunu (accusative definite singular third-person)
armutlarını (accusative definite singular third-person)
armudumuzu (accusative definite first-person plural)
armutlarımızı (accusative definite first-person plural)
armudunuzu (accusative definite plural second-person)
armutlarınızı (accusative definite plural second-person)
armutlarını (accusative definite plural third-person)
armuduma (dative first-person singular)
armutlarıma (dative first-person singular)
armuduna (dative second-person singular)
armutlarına (dative second-person singular)
armuduna (dative singular third-person)
armutlarına (dative singular third-person)
armudumuza (dative first-person plural)
armutlarımıza (dative first-person plural)
armudunuza (dative plural second-person)
armutlarınıza (dative plural second-person)
armutlarına (dative plural third-person)
armudumda (first-person locative singular)
armutlarımda (first-person locative singular)
armudunda (locative second-person singular)
armutlarında (locative second-person singular)
armudunda (locative singular third-person)
armutlarında (locative singular third-person)
armudumuzda (first-person locative plural)
armutlarımızda (first-person locative plural)
armudunuzda (locative plural second-person)
armutlarınızda (locative plural second-person)
armutlarında (locative plural third-person)
armudumdan (ablative first-person singular)
armutlarımdan (ablative first-person singular)
armudundan (ablative second-person singular)
armutlarından (ablative second-person singular)
armudundan (ablative singular third-person)
armutlarından (ablative singular third-person)
armudumuzdan (ablative first-person plural)
armutlarımızdan (ablative first-person plural)
armudunuzdan (ablative plural second-person)
armutlarınızdan (ablative plural second-person)
armutlarından (ablative plural third-person)
armudumun (first-person genitive singular)
armutlarımın (first-person genitive singular)
armudunun (genitive second-person singular)
armutlarının (genitive second-person singular)
armudunun (genitive singular third-person)
armutlarının (genitive singular third-person)
armudumuzun (first-person genitive plural)
armutlarımızın (first-person genitive plural)
armudunuzun (genitive plural second-person)
armutlarınızın (genitive plural second-person)
armutlarının (genitive plural third-person)

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish آرمود (armud, armut), from a Caucasian substrate, compare Persian ارمود (armud), امرود (amrud).


comice

French (Doyenne du) Comice, (Dean of the) Show, from comice (agricole), (agricultural) show, from Old French, convention, from Latin comitia.

A cultivated variety of pear with yellowish-green and reddish skin, and having juicy flesh.


jabuka

sh-noun

jȁbuka f (Cyrillic spelling ја̏бука, diminutive jȁbučica, relational adjective jȁbučjī or jȁbučnī)

jȁbuka (canonical feminine)
ја̏бука (Cyrillic)
jȁbučica (diminutive)
jȁbučjī (adjective relational)
jȁbučnī (adjective relational)
jȁbuka (nominative singular)
jȁbuke (nominative plural)
jȁbukē (genitive singular)
jȁbūkā (genitive plural)
jȁbuci (dative singular)
jȁbukama (dative plural)
jȁbuku (accusative singular)
jȁbuke (accusative plural)
jȁbuko (singular vocative)
jȁbuke (plural vocative)
jȁbuci (locative singular)
jȁbukama (locative plural)
jȁbukōm (instrumental singular)
jȁbukama (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ablъka, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ā́ˀbōl, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl.


јабука

ја̏бука (canonical feminine)
jȁbuka (romanization)
ја̏бука (nominative singular)
ја̏буке (nominative plural)
ја̏буке̄ (genitive singular)
ја̏бӯка̄ (genitive plural)
ја̏буци (dative singular)
ја̏букама (dative plural)
ја̏буку (accusative singular)
ја̏буке (accusative plural)
ја̏буко (singular vocative)
ја̏буке (plural vocative)
ја̏буци (locative singular)
ја̏букама (locative plural)
ја̏буко̄м (instrumental singular)
ја̏букама (instrumental plural)


jablko

jablíčko (diminutive)
jablko (nominative singular)
jablka (nominative plural)
jablka (genitive singular)
jablek (genitive plural)
jablku (dative singular)
jablkům (dative plural)
jablko (accusative singular)
jablka (accusative plural)
jablko (singular vocative)
jablka (plural vocative)
jablku (locative singular)
jablcích (locative plural)
jablkách (locative plural)
jablkem (instrumental singular)
jablky (instrumental plural)
jabko (alternative)

Inherited from Old Czech jablko, from Proto-Slavic *ablъko.


jablko

nominative
jablko (singular)
jablká (plural)
genitive
jablka (singular)
jabĺk (plural)
dative
jablku (singular)
jablkám (plural)
accusative
locative
jablkách (plural)
instrumental
jablkom (singular)
jablkami (plural)


Forelle

From German Forelle (“trout”), because of its speckled coloration.


bera

bera (nominative singular)
bery (nominative plural)
bery (genitive singular)
ber (genitive plural)
berze (dative singular)
berom (dative plural)
berę (accusative singular)
bery (accusative plural)
berą (instrumental singular)
berami (instrumental plural)
berze (locative singular)
berach (locative plural)
bero (singular vocative)
bery (plural vocative)

butter pear (juicy, delicate-textured French variety of pear)


perry

en-noun

perry (countable and uncountable, plural perries)

From Middle English perre; from Old French peré; from Vulgar Latin *piratum; from Latin pirum.

M. Vasse never observed a fatal termination unless in two instances ; in which the persons, adults, had drank perry in large quantity.

1853, The Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal:

Perry is less popular than cider, but some consider it superior.

1892, James Mew, John Ashton, Drinks of the World:

Sip the perry of the Black Worchester and you will belch clouds of soot.

A fermented alcoholic beverage made from pears; somewhat analogous to cider.


rowan

From Middle English ron, rone, compare also Northern English raan-, ran. At first referring to its fruits, possibly of North Germanic origin. Possibly related to Old Norse reynir, (Norwegian Bokmål rogn, Danish røn). Ultimately related to the root of red.

Any of various small deciduous trees or shrubs of genus Sorbus, belonging to the rose family, with pinnate leaves, corymbs of white flowers, and usually with orange-red berries.


lê

cây (classifier)
trái (classifier)
quả (classifier)


Vogelbeere

de-noun

Vogelbeere f (genitive Vogelbeere, plural Vogelbeeren)

Vogelbeere (genitive)
Vogelbeeren (plural)
Vogelbeere (nominative singular)
Vogelbeeren (definite nominative plural)
Vogelbeere (genitive singular)
Vogelbeeren (definite genitive plural)
Vogelbeere (dative singular)
Vogelbeeren (dative definite plural)
Vogelbeere (accusative singular)
Vogelbeeren (accusative definite plural)

/ˈfoːɡl̩ˌbeːʁə/

/ˈfoːɡəlˌbeːʁə/


crabapple

crabapples (plural)
crab-apple (alternative)
crab apple (alternative)

/ˈkɹæbˌæpəl/

Any of the wild species of apple tree, genus Malus, which generally yield small, bitter fruit (in comparison to domestic apples, Malus domestica).


bittersweet

bittersweets (plural)
bitter-sweet (alternative)

[ˈbɪɾɚˌswiʔt̚]

From Middle English bitterswete, biterswete, equivalent to bitter + sweet. Cognate with Saterland Frisian bitterswäit (“bittersweet”), West Frisian bittersoet (“bittersweet”), Dutch bitterzoet (“bittersweet”), German bittersüß (“bittersweet”), Danish bittersød (“bittersweet”), Swedish bittersöt (“bittersweet”).

cog

I had once before visited these three villages, Skedans, Tanoo and Cumshewa. The bitter-sweet of their overwhelming loneliness created a longing to return to them.

1941, Emily Carr, chapter 18, in Klee Wyck:


malum

la-noun

malum n (genitive malī); second declension

malī (genitive)
malum (nominative singular)
mala (nominative plural)
malī (genitive singular)
malōrum (genitive plural)
malō (dative singular)
malīs (dative plural)
malum (accusative singular)
mala (accusative plural)
malō (ablative singular)
malīs (ablative plural)
malum (singular vocative)
mala (plural vocative)

French: mal

Italian: malo

Spanish: malo

→ English: malum


malus

From Latin mālus and translingual Malus.

It leads to a certain extent to an evergreen type Docynia which is distributed in the Himalayas and western China and whose magnificence of bloom I learned to know on my travels in Yunnan; it is distinct from genuine maluses.

1922, Gardener’s Chronicle of America, volume 26, page 228, column 2:

Malus ‘Dartmouth’ is a variety of M. pumila, the wild crab-apple, and is only one of the several maluses which offer a wider choice than the commonly planted ‘John Downie,’ lemoinei and eleyi.

1959, Gardeners Chronicle & Gardening Illustrated, volume 145, page 65, column 2:

In gardens which are rather open and exposed, the ornamental crabs or maluses are generally less satisfactory than the cherries as flowering trees.

1968, Agriculture in Northern Ireland, volume 43, page 290:

A plant of the genus Malus (the apples).


malus

mālus f (genitive mālī); second declension

mālus (canonical feminine)
mālī (genitive)
mālus (nominative singular)
mālī (nominative plural)
mālī (genitive singular)
mālōrum (genitive plural)
mālō (dative singular)
mālīs (dative plural)
mālum (accusative singular)
mālōs (accusative plural)
mālō (ablative singular)
mālīs (ablative plural)
māle (singular vocative)
mālī (plural vocative)
*mēlus (alternative)

Translingual: Malus

Aromanian: mer

Italian: melo

Megleno-Romanian: mer

Romanian: măr

→ English: malus

From Ancient Greek μηλέα (mēléa) (See also Ancient Greek μᾶλον (mâlon, “apple”), μῆλον (mêlon, “apple”)).

Malus bifera.

Et steriles platani malos gessere valentes.

And the fruitless plane trees have borne strong apple trees.

Felices arbores putantur esse quercus vel malus.

The fruitful trees are thought to be an oak or apple tree.

an apple tree; specifically, a plant in the genus Malus in the family Rosaceae.


hawthorn

From Middle English hawthorn, from Old English hagaþorn, hæguþorn, from Proto-West Germanic *haguþorn; equivalent to haw (“hedge, enclosure”) + thorn.

Proust, an author to whom Humboldt had introduced me and in whose work he gave me heavy instruction, said he was often attracted to people whose faces had something in them of a hawthorn hedge in bloom.

1976 September, Saul Bellow, Humboldt’s Gift, New York, N.Y.: Avon Books, →ISBN, page 59:

Any of various shrubs and small trees of the genus Crataegus having small, apple-like fruits and thorny branches


whitebeam

From Middle English witbeam, equivalent to white + beam (“tree”) – see Old English bēam (“tree”). In the name, white refers to the color of the leaves, when emergent and later the undersides.

Any of various deciduous trees of the genus Sorbus subg. Aria (now Aria edulis), native to Eurasia, especially common whitebeam.

vadhëviçe e bardhë

any of various Eurasian deciduous trees of the genus Sorbus subg. Aria


service tree

Properly, the tree that bears sorb fruit, from Middle English serves, plural of serve (“sorb apple, serviceberry”), from Old English syrfe, from Vulgar Latin *sorbea, from Latin sorbus (“service tree”). See sorb.

Wild cherry and rowan, as well as wild apple, wild pear, wild service tree, whitebeam, and true service tree, are all affected by being nibbled by voles, mice and other wild animals.

2000, F. W. M. Vera, Grazing Ecology and Forest History, page 341:

In England, the wild service tree (sorbus torminalis) is regarded as an indicator of ancient woodland although there is little written about it in books on the subject.

2002, Mélusine Draco, Paul Harriss, Root & Branch: British Magical Tree Lore, page 102:

The wild service tree is very local in our study area.[…]At the time when these wild service trees had ripe fruit the much more abundant hawthorns, as well as a number of other plants, were providing alternative sources of fruit, which were probably safer to exploit than the service tree’s fruit 3—15 m up on terminal twigs of the leafless branches.

2010, Barbara Snow, David Snow, Birds and Berries, page 54:

Sorbus torminalis
Sorbus torminalis#Translingual

(botany) Either of two rare Old World deciduous trees, Sorbus domestica or Sorbus torminalis.


albaspine

From Latin albus (“white”) + spine. Cognate with French aubépine.


Spartan

From Middle English Spartan, Spertan, from Latin Spartānus, from Sparta + -ānus, equivalent to Sparta + -an.

A red apple cultivar from British Columbia, Canada


apple tree

apple trees (plural)
appletree (alternative)
apple-tree (alternative)

From Middle English appeltre, appiltre, appultre, from Old English æppeltrēow, corresponding to apple + tree. Cognate with Danish æbletræ, Swedish äppelträd, Norwegian epletre, Icelandic eplatré.

(botany) Any tree that bears apples, principally Malus domestica but also certain wild species.


codling

From Middle English codling, codeling, equivalent to cod + -ling.

A hake (cod-related food fish), notably from the genus Urophycis.


pum

Borrowed from Piedmontese pom, from Latin pōmum.


nonpareil

en-noun

nonpareil (countable and uncountable, plural nonpareils)

nonpareils (plural)
non-pareil (alternative)
nonparella (alternative)
nonpareillo (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-nonpareil.wav

/ˌnɑnpəˈɹɛl/

From Late Middle English non-parail (“unparalleled, nonpareil”) [and other forms], from Middle French nonpareille, nonpareil (“unparalleled”) (obsolete), from non- (prefix meaning ‘not’) + pareil (“alike, like, same”). Pareil is derived from Old French pareil, from Late Latin pāriculus (“equal; like; of a number: even”), from Latin pār (“equal; like; of a number: even; suitable”) + -culus (a variant of -ulus (suffix forming diminutives)). Doublet of umpire.
Noun sense 4 (size of type standardized at 6-point) is usually taken to derive from the attractive type cut by the brothers Giovanni and Gregorio De Gregori (fl. 1482–1503 and 1496–1527 respectively) for their 1498 edition of the divine offices in Venice; it was for a long time the smallest-sized type in use.

nb...

nonparaille, nonpareyl, nounparalle, nowimparaile

der

I believe that letters which are less than a millimetre and a half (1/17 inch) high, will finally prove injurious to the eye. How little attention has hitherto been paid to this important subject is exemplified in the fact that even oculistic journals and books frequently contain nonpareil, or letters only a millimetre (1/25 inch) high.

1881 May 19, Hermann Cohn, “Eyes and School-Books”, in Popular Science Monthly:

A Handbook of Astronomy (cover, brown leather, detached, 5 plates, antique letterpress long primer, author’s footnotes nonpareil, marginal clues brevier, captions small pica).

1922 February, James Joyce, “[17]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:

(uncountable, typography, chiefly historical) A size of type between ruby and emerald (or, in the United States, between agate and minion), standardized as 6-point; (countable) a slug of this size.

nonparej

size of type standardized at 6-point; slug of this size


biffin

Possibly from beef, because of the red colour.

A deep-red cooking apple native to Britain.


serviceberry

serviceberries (plural)
service-berry (alternative)
service berry (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-serviceberry.wav

Compound of service (“sorb tree”) + berry. (The first part is from Latin sorbus, not English service (“assistance”).)

com+

(Europe) Several species of trees in the genus Sorbus, especially Sorbus domestica and Sorbus torminalis.

(Canada, US) Any plant of the genus Amelanchier of small deciduous trees and large shrubs in the family Rosaceae.


дуња

dunja (romanization)
дуња (indefinite singular)
дуњи (indefinite plural)
дуњата (definite singular unspecified)
дуњите (definite plural unspecified)
дуњава (definite proximal singular)
дуњиве (definite plural proximal)
дуњана (definite distal singular)
дуњине (definite distal plural)
дуњо (singular vocative)
дуњи (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kъduňa, from Latin cydōnia, from Ancient Greek Κυδωνία (Kudōnía, “quince-tree”).


дуња

ду̏ња (canonical feminine)
dȕnja (romanization)
дуња (nominative singular)
дуње (nominative plural)
дуње (genitive singular)
дуња (genitive plural)
дуњи (dative singular)
дуњама (dative plural)
дуњу (accusative singular)
дуње (accusative plural)
дуњо (singular vocative)
дуње (plural vocative)
дуњи (locative singular)
дуњама (locative plural)
дуњом (instrumental singular)
дуњама (instrumental plural)

From earlier ду̏хња, from Proto-Slavic *duxъna.

Иструли ми дуња у фиоци,
мој је драги у Дражиној војсци.

1941, “Иструли ми дуња у фиоци”:

My duvet will go to waste in the drawer, forthy my dear is in the Dražina army.

(regional) bed cover filled with feathers, duvet, eiderdown


dunja

dȕnja (canonical feminine)
ду̏ња (Cyrillic)
dunja (nominative singular)
dunje (nominative plural)
dunje (genitive singular)
dunja (genitive plural)
dunji (dative singular)
dunjama (dative plural)
dunju (accusative singular)
dunje (accusative plural)
dunjo (singular vocative)
dunje (plural vocative)
dunji (locative singular)
dunjama (locative plural)
dunjom (instrumental singular)
dunjama (instrumental plural)

From earlier dȕhnja, from Proto-Slavic *duxъna.

Istruli mi dunja u fioci,
moj je dragi u Dražinoj vojsci.


Golden Delicious

en-noun

Golden Delicious (plural Golden Deliciouses)

Golden Deliciouses (plural)
golden delicious (alternative)

Now this is quality produce, and you know what they say – you’ll never get tired of a good old Granny Smith, no matter how many of those horrible Golden Deliciouses you get rammed down your throat.

1998 November, “Fanzine Farm”, in James Ashton, editor, N64 Magazine, number 21, Bath: Future Publishing Ltd, →ISSN, page 18:

Sure, they’re just adding animal hormones to fruit at parties on the weekend right now, but soon, they’ll be adjusting some apple DNA every night, staying out late and hanging out with seedy (unintentional but highly awesome pun!) characters. They’ll ignore their responsibilities, turn on their families, and resort to a life of crime to support this filthy habit.. And where does that leave us, your average student apple aficionados? Eating cow-infused Golden Deliciouses, that’s where.

2009 September 15, Stacey McLachlan, “Secret Meat”, in D’Arcy Bresson, editor, The Lance, volume 82, number 6, Windsor, Ont.: University of Windsor, page 14:

The committee certainly spent a morning in an orchard, and there was a nice young apple-farmer with a beard who knew his Granny Smiths from his Golden Deliciouses.

2016, Sarah Winterton, “The Awkward Squad in Their Pomp”, in The Wintertons Unmuzzled: The Life & Times of Nick & Ann Winterton, Two Westminster Mavericks, London: Biteback Publishing, →ISBN, page 232:

A variety of apple which is pale yellow/green in color, and has a mild sweet flavour


mera

From Late Latin mēla, from mēlum, from Latin mālum, borrowed from Doric Greek μᾶλον (mâlon, “apple”); compare Attic μῆλον (mêlon).


pirum

la-noun

pirum n (genitive pirī); second declension

pirī (genitive)
pirum (nominative singular)
pira (nominative plural)
pirī (genitive singular)
pirōrum (genitive plural)
pirō (dative singular)
pirīs (dative plural)
pirum (accusative singular)
pira (accusative plural)
pirō (ablative singular)
pirīs (ablative plural)
pirum (singular vocative)
pira (plural vocative)
pyrum (alternative)

→ Proto-Brythonic: *per (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-West Germanic: *peru (see there for further descendants)

→ Irish: piorra

Rhaeto-Romance:

desc

Romansch: pair, pér (Sursilvan, Sutsilvan), peir (Surmiran)

→ Scottish Gaelic: peur

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *pira (reanalyzed as feminine singular)

Dalmatian: paira

Eastern Romance:

Aromanian: pearã

Romanian: pară

Italian: pera

Old French: peire

French: poire

→ Middle Irish: péire

Irish: péire

Norman: paithe, peire (continental Normandy), père (Guernsey)

Old Occitan: pera

Catalan: pera

Occitan: pera

Old Galician-Portuguese: pera

Galician: pera

Portuguese: pera

Old Spanish: pera

Spanish: pera

Rhaeto-Romance:

Romansch: paira

Sardinian: pira

Sicilian: piru

⇒ Vulgar Latin: [Term?] (diminutive)

Padanian:

Friulian: piruç

Piedmontese: pruss

A loanword from an unknown Mediterranean substrate source, original form something like (a)pisom reflected also in Ancient Greek ᾰ̓́πῐον (ắpĭon, “pear”) and ᾰ̓́πῐος (ắpĭos, “pear tree”). Also compare Aramaic 𐡐𐡀𐡓𐡀 (pera, “fruit”).


glog

glȍg (canonical masculine)
гло̏г (Cyrillic)
glȍg (nominative singular)
glògovi (nominative plural)
gloga (genitive singular)
glogova (genitive plural)
glogu (dative singular)
glogovima (dative plural)
glog (accusative singular)
glogove (accusative plural)
glože (singular vocative)
glogovi (plural vocative)
glogu (locative singular)
glogovima (locative plural)
glogom (instrumental singular)
glogovima (instrumental plural)


glog

glȍg (canonical)
glọ̑g (canonical inanimate masculine)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
glòg (nominative singular)
glóga (dual nominative)
glógi (nominative plural)
glóga (genitive singular)
glógov (dual genitive)
glógov (genitive plural)
glógu (dative singular)
glógoma (dative dual)
glógom (dative plural)
glòg (accusative singular)
glóga (accusative dual)
glóge (accusative plural)
glógu (locative singular)
glógih (dual locative)
glógih (locative plural)
glógom (instrumental singular)
glógoma (dual instrumental)
glógi (instrumental plural)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
glóg (nominative singular)
glóga (dual nominative)
glógi (nominative plural)
glóga (genitive singular)
glógov (dual genitive)
glógov (genitive plural)
glógu (dative singular)
glógoma (dative dual)
glógom (dative plural)
glóg (accusative singular)
glóga (accusative dual)
glóge (accusative plural)
glógu (locative singular)
glógih (dual locative)
glógih (locative plural)
glógom (instrumental singular)
glógoma (dual instrumental)
glógi (instrumental plural)


galagonya

head

galagonya (usually uncountable, plural galagonyák)

galagonyák (plural)
galagonya (nominative singular)
galagonyák (nominative plural)
galagonyát (accusative singular)
galagonyákat (accusative plural)
galagonyának (dative singular)
galagonyáknak (dative plural)
galagonyával (instrumental singular)
galagonyákkal (instrumental plural)
galagonyáért (causal-final singular)
galagonyákért (causal-final plural)
galagonyává (singular translative)
galagonyákká (plural translative)
galagonyáig (singular terminative)
galagonyákig (plural terminative)
galagonyaként (essive-formal singular)
galagonyákként (essive-formal plural)
galagonyában (inessive singular)
galagonyákban (inessive plural)
galagonyán (singular superessive)
galagonyákon (plural superessive)
galagonyánál (adessive singular)
galagonyáknál (adessive plural)
galagonyába (illative singular)
galagonyákba (illative plural)
galagonyára (singular sublative)
galagonyákra (plural sublative)
galagonyához (allative singular)
galagonyákhoz (allative plural)
galagonyából (elative singular)
galagonyákból (elative plural)
galagonyáról (delative singular)
galagonyákról (delative plural)
galagonyától (ablative singular)
galagonyáktól (ablative plural)
galagonyáé (singular)
galagonyáké (plural)
galagonyáéi (singular)
galagonyákéi (plural)
galagonyám (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
galagonyáim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
galagonyád (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
galagonyáid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
galagonyája (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
galagonyái (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
galagonyánk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
galagonyáink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
galagonyátok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
galagonyáitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
galagonyájuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
galagonyáik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

→ Pannonian Rusyn: ґалаґоня (galagonja)

From a Slavic language, from Proto-Slavic *glogъ.


hloh

hložek (diminutive)
hloh (nominative singular)
hlohy (nominative plural)
hlohu (genitive singular)
hlohů (genitive plural)
hlohu (dative singular)
hlohům (dative plural)
hloh (accusative singular)
hlohy (accusative plural)
hlohu (singular vocative)
hlohy (plural vocative)
hlohu (locative singular)
hlozích (locative plural)
hlohem (instrumental singular)
hlohy (instrumental plural)

hawthorn (any plant of the genus Crataegus)


hloh

sk-noun

hloh m inan (relational adjective hlohový)

hlohový (adjective relational)
nominative
hloh (singular)
hlohy (plural)
genitive
hlohu (singular)
hlohov (plural)
dative
hlohom (plural)
accusative
locative
hlohoch (plural)
instrumental
hlohom (singular)
hlohmi (plural)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *glogъ; compare glog.


jabolko

jábołko (canonical neuter)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
jábolko (nominative singular)
jábolki (dual nominative)
jábolka (nominative plural)
jábolka (genitive singular)
jábolk (dual genitive)
jábolk (genitive plural)
jábolku (dative singular)
jábolkoma (dative dual)
jábolkom (dative plural)
jábolko (accusative singular)
jábolki (accusative dual)
jábolka (accusative plural)
jábolku (locative singular)
jábolkih (dual locative)
jábolkih (locative plural)
jábolkom (instrumental singular)
jábolkoma (dual instrumental)
jábolki (instrumental plural)


cooking apple

Coordinate term: eating apple

Any apple primarily used for making pies, crumbles or sauces: such a variety; an individual apple (instance) of such type.


eating apple

Coordinate term: cooking apple

Any apple primarily used for eating raw: such a variety; an individual apple (instance) of such type.


林檎

/lin²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡɔ²¹/

/lin²¹⁻⁵³ ɡɔ²¹/

/lim²³⁻³³ kʰim²³/

/lim²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰim²⁴/

/lin²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡɔ²¹/

/lin²¹⁻⁵³ ɡɔ²¹/

/lim²³⁻³³ kʰim²³/

/lim²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰim²⁴/

Borrowed from Japanese 林檎 (ringo), from Middle Chinese 林檎 (MC lim gim).


林檎

林檎 (canonical)
林檎 (canonical)
ringo (romanization)

→ Ainu: リンゴ

→ Hakka: 林檎 (lin-ngò)

→ Marshallese: diin̄ko

→ Min Nan: 林檎 (lìn-gò)

/rimʉɡomʉ/ → /riŋɡõː/ → /riŋɡo/
From Middle Chinese 林檎 (MC lim gim).
Originally referred to the Chinese pearleaf crabapple (Malus asiatica) imported from China, it has expanded to mean any apple of the Malus genus.
First cited in 918 in the 本草和名 (Honzō Wamyō, “Japanese names for medicinal plants”).

よく林檎の審査通ったなこれ。

I can't believe this has passed Apple's censorship.

(slang) the company Apple Inc. or its products


păr

peri (plural)
păr (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
părul (accusative definite nominative singular)
peri (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
perii (accusative definite nominative plural)
păr (indefinite singular)
părului (definite singular)
peri (indefinite singular)
perilor (definite plural)
părule (singular vocative)
perilor (vocative)


Katy

Katys (plural)
Katies (plural)
Catie (alternative)
Caty (alternative)
Katie (alternative)

A city in Texas; named for the MKT railroad.

An unincorporated community in Missouri.

An unincorporated community in West Virginia.


apful

apful (nominative singular)
apfuli (nominative plural)
apful (accusative singular)
apfuli (accusative plural)
apfules (genitive singular)
apfulo (genitive plural)
apfule (dative singular)
apfulim (dative plural)
apfulen (dative plural)
apfulu (instrumental singular)
aphul (alternative)
apfol (alternative)
afful (alternative)
*appul (alternative)
appele (alternative)

desctree

Middle High German: apfel, epfel, öpfel, appel
Alemannic German: Öpfel, Apfel
Alsatian: Àpfel, Epfel
Italian Walser: effél, epfel, epfil, öpfil
Swabian: Ebfl
Bavarian: Åpfe
Cimbrian: oupfal, öpfel, öpfl
Mòcheno: epfl
Udinese: eipfele, epfl
Central Franconian: Appel
Hunsrik: Eppel
Luxembourgish: Apel
East Central German:
Upper Saxon German: Abbel, Appel
Vilamovian: epuł
German: Apfel
Rhine Franconian:
Hessian: Àbbel, Ebbel, Abbel
Pennsylvania German: Abbel, Appel
Yiddish: עפּל (epl)

From Proto-West Germanic *applu, from Proto-Germanic *aplaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl. Compare Old Frisian appel, Old English æppel.


תפוח

he-noun

תַּפּוּחַ • (tapúakh) m (plural indefinite תַּפּוּחִים, singular construct תַּפּוּחַ־)

תַּפּוּחַ (canonical)
tapúakh (romanization)
תַּפּוּחִים (indefinite plural)
תַּפּוּחַ־ (construct singular)
תַּפּוּחַ (indefinite singular)
תַּפּוּחִי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
תַּפּוּחֵנוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַתַּפּוּחַ (definite singular)
תַּפּוּחֲךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
תַּפּוּחֵךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
תַּפּוּחֲכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
תַּפּוּחֲכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
תַּפּוּחַ־ (construct singular)
תַּפּוּחוֹ (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
תַּפּוּחָהּ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
תַּפּוּחָם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
תַּפּוּחָן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)
תַּפּוּחִים (indefinite plural)
תפוחיי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
תַּפּוּחַי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
תַּפּוּחֵינוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַתַּפּוּחִים (definite plural)
תַּפּוּחֶיךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
תפוחייך (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
תַּפּוּחַיִךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
תַּפּוּחֵיכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
תַּפּוּחֵיכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
תַּפּוּחֵי־ (construct plural)
תַּפּוּחָיו (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
תַּפּוּחֶיהָ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
תַּפּוּחֵיהֶם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
תַּפּוּחֵיהֶן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)

Either named after its scent and deriving from the root נָפַח (nafákh, “to blow, to scent”) (see Song of Songs 7:9 below, where apples are praised for their pleasant fragrance), or alternatively from תָּפַח (tafákh, “to swell, i.e. to become round”), which is based on the round shape of an apple. Cognates include Arabic تُفَّاح (tuffāḥ) and Ugaritic 𐎚𐎔𐎈 (tpḥ); the word is not attested in Aramaic.

כְּתַפּוּחַ בַּעֲצֵי הַיַּעַר כֵּן דּוֹדִי בֵּין הַבָּנִים בְּצִלּוֹ חִמַּדְתִּי וְיָשַׁבְתִּי וּפִרְיוֹ מָתוֹק לְחִכִּי׃

Tanach, Song of Songs [[s:he:T3002#ב_ג|2:3]], with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

As an apple-tree among the trees of the wood, So is my beloved among the sons. Under its shadow I delighted to sit, And its fruit was sweet to my taste.


melo

From Vulgar Latin melus, from Latin mālus.


μούσμουλο

head

μούσμουλο • (moúsmoulo) n (plural μούσμουλα)

moúsmoulo (romanization)
μούσμουλα (plural)
μούσμουλο (nominative singular)
μούσμουλα (nominative plural)
μούσμουλου (genitive singular)
μούσμουλων (genitive plural)
μούσμουλο (accusative singular)
μούσμουλα (accusative plural)
μούσμουλο (singular vocative)
μούσμουλα (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: مشمله (muşmula), موشمله (muşmula), موشموله (muşmula)
Turkish: muşmula
→ Albanian: mushmullë, mushmollë, mushmulla, mushmolla
→ Arabic: مَشْمَلَة (mašmala), بَشْمَلَة (bašmala)
→ Armenian: մուշմուլա (mušmula), մշմոլա (mšmola)
→ Aromanian: mushmulã
→ Azerbaijani: muşmula
→ Bulgarian: му́шмула (múšmula), мо́шмула (móšmula)
→ Crimean Tatar: muşmula
→ Belarusian: мушмула́ (mušmulá)
→ Russian: мушмула́ (mušmulá)
→ Ukrainian: мушмула́ (mušmulá)
→ Georgian: მუშმულა (mušmula), მუშმალა (mušmala)
→ Laz: მუშმულლა (muşmulla)
→ Macedonian: мушмула (mušmula)
→ Megleno-Romanian: mușmul
→ Romanian: mușmulă, mușmul, moșmol, moșmon, moșmulă, moșmoală, moșmoană
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: му̀шмула
Latin script: mùšmula

From Byzantine Greek μούσπουλον (moúspoulon), from μέσπουλον (méspoulon), from Ancient Greek μέσπιλον (méspilon).


nespolo

Inherited from Latin mespilum, which borrowed it from Ancient Greek μέσπιλον (méspilon). For the unexpected /o/ in the second syllable of nespolo, compare -evole.


bonza

A reddish apple originating in Australia.


سیب

Turkish: sib

Borrowed from Persian سیب (sib, “apple”), from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭩𐭰 (sēb).

bor+

apple, a common, round fruit produced by the tree Malus domestica


Baldwin

en-proper noun

Baldwin (countable and uncountable, plural Baldwins)

From Proto-West Germanic *Balþawini, from Proto-Germanic *Balþawiniz (“bold friend”).

der

Baltimore County
Baltimore County#English

An unincorporated community in Baltimore County, Maryland.

An unincorporated community in Burleigh County, North Dakota.


雪梨

/ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ li³⁵/

/ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ li³⁵/

Borrowed from English Sydney, via Cantonese.

Soat-lê sī Ò-chiu siōng tōa ê siâⁿ-chhī.

雪梨是澳洲上大的城市。

1891, 薛福成 [Xue Fucheng], 出使英法義比四國日記, volume 3, page 24:

Xuělí Yuè shāng èrshíjiǔ jiā, Huárén shāng gōng gòng sì qiān, qí zài nèidì kāi diàn jí Zhǒngzhí zhě yì liù qiān yú. Qí kēzhèng yóu wúlǐ zhě, huá shāng yóu Xuělí wǎng Měilìbīn, yòu xū zhòng shōu shēnshuì shí bàng.

雪梨粵商二十九家，華人商工共四千，其在內地開店及種植者亦六千餘。其苛政尤無理者，華商由雪梨往美利濱，又須重收身稅十磅。

雪梨粤商二十九家，华人商工共四千，其在内地开店及种植者亦六千余。其苛政尤无理者，华商由雪梨往美利滨，又须重收身税十磅。

(chiefly Taiwan, dated elsewhere) Sydney (a city in New South Wales, Australia)


խնձոր

xnjor (romanization)
խնձոր (nominative singular)
խնձորներ (nominative plural)
խնձորի (dative singular)
խնձորների (dative plural)
խնձորից (ablative singular)
խնձորներից (ablative plural)
խնձորով (instrumental singular)
խնձորներով (instrumental plural)
խնձորում (locative singular)
խնձորներում (locative plural)
խնձորը (definite nominative singular)
խնձորն (definite nominative singular)
խնձորները (definite nominative plural)
խնձորներն (definite nominative plural)
խնձորին (dative definite singular)
խնձորներին (dative definite plural)
խնձորս (first-person nominative possessive singular)
խնձորներս (first-person nominative plural possessive)
խնձորիս (dative first-person possessive singular)
խնձորներիս (dative first-person plural possessive)
խնձորիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular)
խնձորներիցս (ablative first-person plural possessive)
խնձորովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular)
խնձորներովս (first-person instrumental plural possessive)
խնձորումս (first-person locative possessive singular)
խնձորներումս (first-person locative plural possessive)
խնձորդ (nominative possessive second-person singular)
խնձորներդ (nominative plural possessive second-person)
խնձորիդ (dative possessive second-person singular)
խնձորներիդ (dative plural possessive second-person)
խնձորիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular)
խնձորներիցդ (ablative plural possessive second-person)
խնձորովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular)
խնձորներովդ (instrumental plural possessive second-person)
խնձորումդ (locative possessive second-person singular)
խնձորներումդ (locative plural possessive second-person)

hy-decl-noun

խնձորը/խնձորն

խնձորները/խնձորներն

խնձորներումս

խնձորներումդ

Inherited from Old Armenian խնձոր (xnjor).


խնձոր

xnjor (romanization)
խնձոր (nominative singular)
խնձորք (nominative plural)
խնձորոյ (genitive singular)
խնձորոց (genitive plural)
խնձորոյ (dative singular)
խնձորոց (dative plural)
խնձոր (accusative singular)
խնձորս (accusative plural)
խնձորոյ (ablative singular)
խնձորոց (ablative plural)
խնձորով (instrumental singular)
խնձորովք (instrumental plural)
խնձոր (locative singular)
խնձորս (locative plural)
խնձոր (nominative singular)
խնձորք (nominative plural)
խնձորի (genitive singular)
խնձորից (genitive plural)
խնձորի (dative singular)
խնձորից (dative plural)
խնձոր (accusative singular)
խնձորս (accusative plural)
խնձորէ (ablative singular)
խնձորից (ablative plural)
խնձորիւ (instrumental singular)
խնձորիւք (instrumental plural)
խնձորի (locative singular)
խնձորս (locative plural)

Armenian: խնձոր (xnjor)

Middle Armenian: խնծոր (xncor)

Borrowed from Hurrian 𒄭𒂗𒍪𒊒 (ḫe-en-zu-ru /ḫenzūru, ḫinzur(i)/) (possibly to be transcribed ḫnzor(i)), or its unattested Urartian cognate. If the -uri of the Hurrian root ḫinz- itself is a suffix, a Dagestani source is suggested by Nielsen on comparison with Udi еъшӏ (e̱š:, “apple”), Budukh йеч (ječ), Kryts йеч (“apple”), Tabasaran вич (vič), Aghul хӏеч (ḥʳeč), Lezgi ич (ič, “apple”), Rutul еч (ječ), Tsakhur еч (ječ, “apple”), Archi анш (anš, “apple”), Dargwa гӏинц (ʿinc, “apple”), Lak гьивч (hiwč, “apple”), Avar гӏеч (ʻeč), Andi инчи (inči), Karata гӏече, Botlikh инчу (inču), Godoberi ичу, Chamalal гӏич (ʻič), Tindi ечи, Bagvalal гӏеч (ˀeč), Akhvakh гӏече (ʻʳeče, “apple”), Hunzib ẽš, Bezhta ẽš, Hinukh ʕiši, Tsez heneš, Khvarshi е̃ш (ẽš, “apple”), Khinalug mıç (“apple”), Ingush хьамиск (ḥʳamisk), Chechen хьаьмцаш (ḥʳämcaš, “medlar”), Ingush ӏаж (ˀaž), Chechen ӏаж (ˀaž, “apple”), Proto-Kartvelian *wašl- (“apple”). A Dagestani > Urartian > Armenian path is possible. But since the date given for the Middle East is relatively imprecise and the exact path of spread remains unknown, separate loans into Dagestani and Urartian are also possible. Akkadian 𒄭𒂗𒍪𒊒 (/ḫinzūru/), Aramaic חֲזוּרָא (ḥăzzūrā), Classical Syriac ܚܙܘܪܐ (ḥazzūrā) and possibly Sumerian 𒄑𒄩𒋗𒌫 (^(GIŠ)ḫa-šu-ur₂ /ḫašḫur/) are borrowed from Hurrian. The Urartian suffix behind -որ- (-or-) is also found in սալոր (salor, “plum”), աղտոր (aġtor, “sumac”), and գխտոր (gxtor, “gall (nut)”).
* Since a term for wild apple is unlikely to have been borrowed given the Hurrian attestation and Urartian source for the Armenian word, the domesticate's path of spread is relevant in discriminating between a direct Dagestani > Hurrian and an indirect Unknown > (Dagestani, Hurrian) origin. Although a role of the native Caucasian species Malus orientalis in the domestication of Caucasian and even European cultivars of Malus domestica had previously been suggested, it was not until 2012 that such introgression was genetically confirmed, the admixture being dated to approximately 4,500 years ago. Since this preceded the earliest secure attestation of apples in Mesopotamia, this opened the possibility that M. domestica arrived in North Mesopotamia from the Caucasus. In 2022 a study showed that Armenian landraces descend largely from native M. orientalis; the presence of some lowland ancestry may indicate a Dagestani role in the spread of the domesticated apple, but without a larger sample size, admixture/diversification dates could not be reliably computed, so the Armenian domestication event could date to a much later time (as with the Iranian landraces).

cog

Aramaic חֲזוּרָא (ḥăzzūrā)


տանձ

tanj (romanization)
տանձ (nominative singular)
տանձեր (nominative plural)
տանձի (dative singular)
տանձերի (dative plural)
տանձից (ablative singular)
տանձերից (ablative plural)
տանձով (instrumental singular)
տանձերով (instrumental plural)
տանձում (locative singular)
տանձերում (locative plural)
տանձը (definite nominative singular)
տանձն (definite nominative singular)
տանձերը (definite nominative plural)
տանձերն (definite nominative plural)
տանձին (dative definite singular)
տանձերին (dative definite plural)
տանձս (first-person nominative possessive singular)
տանձերս (first-person nominative plural possessive)
տանձիս (dative first-person possessive singular)
տանձերիս (dative first-person plural possessive)
տանձիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular)
տանձերիցս (ablative first-person plural possessive)
տանձովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular)
տանձերովս (first-person instrumental plural possessive)
տանձումս (first-person locative possessive singular)
տանձերումս (first-person locative plural possessive)
տանձդ (nominative possessive second-person singular)
տանձերդ (nominative plural possessive second-person)
տանձիդ (dative possessive second-person singular)
տանձերիդ (dative plural possessive second-person)
տանձիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular)
տանձերիցդ (ablative plural possessive second-person)
տանձովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular)
տանձերովդ (instrumental plural possessive second-person)
տանձումդ (locative possessive second-person singular)
տանձերումդ (locative plural possessive second-person)

hy-decl-noun

տանձերը/տանձերն

Inherited from Old Armenian տանձ (tanj).

տանձիս չի


տանձ

tanj (romanization)
տանձ (nominative singular)
տանձք (nominative plural)
տանձի (genitive singular)
տանձից (genitive plural)
տանձի (dative singular)
տանձից (dative plural)
տանձ (accusative singular)
տանձս (accusative plural)
տանձէ (ablative singular)
տանձից (ablative plural)
տանձիւ (instrumental singular)
տանձիւք (instrumental plural)
տանձի (locative singular)
տանձս (locative plural)

Middle Armenian: տանծ (tanc)

Armenian: տանձ (tanj)

An Iranian borrowing: compare Pashto ټانگو (ṭāngú, “wild pear tree”), ټانگه (ṭā́nga, “domestic pear tree”), Sanskrit टङ्क (ṭaṅka, “fruit of Feronia elephantum (syn. of Limonia acidissima)”), Punjabi ਤੰਗੀ (taṅgī, “the wild pear tree, Pyrus communis”), Kashmiri टंग् (ṭaṅg, “pear”), Kohistani Shina [script needed] (ṭāṅgū, “pear”), Khowar ٹونگ (ṭoṅg, “pear”) etc. Compare also Classical Syriac ܬܰܢ̈ܓܳܝܳܬܳܐ f pl (tangāyāṯā) ܬܰܢ̈ܩܳܝܳܬܳܐ f pl (tanqāyāṯā, “Prunus mahaleb”), apparently borrowed from the same source. Plums and pears can be denoted by the same name, as for example Arabic إِجَّاص (ʔijjāṣ), or Georgian ბერყენა (berq̇ena, “willow-leaved pear”) against Svan ბა̈რყუ̂ენ (bärq̇ûen, “cherry plum”).


körte

körték (plural)
körte (nominative singular)
körték (nominative plural)
körtét (accusative singular)
körtéket (accusative plural)
körtének (dative singular)
körtéknek (dative plural)
körtével (instrumental singular)
körtékkel (instrumental plural)
körtéért (causal-final singular)
körtékért (causal-final plural)
körtévé (singular translative)
körtékké (plural translative)
körtéig (singular terminative)
körtékig (plural terminative)
körteként (essive-formal singular)
körtékként (essive-formal plural)
körtében (inessive singular)
körtékben (inessive plural)
körtén (singular superessive)
körtéken (plural superessive)
körténél (adessive singular)
körtéknél (adessive plural)
körtébe (illative singular)
körtékbe (illative plural)
körtére (singular sublative)
körtékre (plural sublative)
körtéhez (allative singular)
körtékhez (allative plural)
körtéből (elative singular)
körtékből (elative plural)
körtéről (delative singular)
körtékről (delative plural)
körtétől (ablative singular)
körtéktől (ablative plural)
körtéé (singular)
körtéké (plural)
körtééi (singular)
körtékéi (plural)
körtém (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
körtéim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
körtéd (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
körtéid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
körtéje (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
körtéi (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
körténk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
körtéink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
körtétek (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
körtéitek (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
körtéjük (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
körtéik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

Derived from the earlier form körtvély, probably borrowed from a Turkic language, compare Crimean Tatar kertme (“pear”).

A körte húsa fehér, nagyon leveses, aromatikus, ízletes.

2011, János Belucz, “Szeressük meg a körtét”, in Új Szó, volume 64, number 255:

The pulp of the pear is white, very juicy, aromatic, tasty.

pear (edible fruit similar to an apple but elongated towards the stem)

Ami azt jelenti, hogy már az idén mintegy 35-36 hold téli körtét akarunk ültetni.

1958, Gyula Herein, Vilmos Holka (interviewer), “Tavasz a Törökbálinti Állami Gazdaságban”, in Pest Megyei Hírlap, volume 2, number 97:

Which means we want to plant about 35-36 acres of winter pear trees this year.

pear tree (Pyrus communis, a type of fruit tree producing pears)

S akkor miből szerezném be a nemes faanyagot: vadcseresznyét, tölgyet, körtét?

1997, István Dancsó, László T. Németh (interviewer), “Művészlélek az élet peremén”, in Nógrád Megyei Hírlap, volume 8, number 9:

And then how would I pay for the fine wood material: wild cherry, oak, pear?

A körte alig világít, 15 wattos izzó van benne, hogy ne fogyasszon sokat.

2013, Szilárd Borbély, “Már elment a Mesijás?”, in Alföld, volume 64, number 6:

The light bulb barely glows, it has a 15 Watt bulb so that it doesn't consume much.

(colloquial) light bulb (electric source of light, especially a bulb-shaped incandescent lamp)


sorba

From Vulgar Latin *sorbea, *sorba, from Latin sorbus (“tree of the genus Sorbus: service tree, rowan, etc.”). Related to sorbo.


Bramley

From Old English brom (“broom”) + leah (“wood clearing, meadow”), like Bromley. Equivalent to broom + -ley (“lea”).

Western Australia
Western Australia#English

A small townsite in the South West Region of Western Australia.