سلم

سَلَم (canonical)
salam (romanization)
سَلَمَة (feminine singulative)
أَسْلَام (plural)
سِلَام (plural)
سَلَم (collective indefinite informal triptote)
السَّلَم (collective definite informal triptote)
سَلَم (collective construct informal triptote)
سَلَمٌ (collective indefinite nominative triptote)
السَّلَمُ (collective definite nominative triptote)
سَلَمُ (collective construct nominative triptote)
سَلَمًا (accusative collective indefinite triptote)
السَّلَمَ (accusative collective definite triptote)
سَلَمَ (accusative collective construct triptote)
سَلَمٍ (collective genitive indefinite triptote)
السَّلَمِ (collective definite genitive triptote)
سَلَمِ (collective construct genitive triptote)
سَلَمَة (ar-infl-a collective indefinite informal singulative triptote)
السَّلَمَة (ar-infl-a collective definite informal singulative triptote)
سَلَمَة (ar-infl-a collective construct informal singulative triptote)
سَلَمَةٌ (ar-infl-a collective indefinite nominative singulative triptote)
السَّلَمَةُ (ar-infl-a collective definite nominative singulative triptote)
سَلَمَةُ (ar-infl-a collective construct nominative singulative triptote)
سَلَمَةً (accusative ar-infl-a collective indefinite singulative triptote)
السَّلَمَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a collective definite singulative triptote)
سَلَمَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a collective construct singulative triptote)
سَلَمَةٍ (ar-infl-a collective genitive indefinite singulative triptote)
السَّلَمَةِ (ar-infl-a collective definite genitive singulative triptote)
سَلَمَةِ (ar-infl-a collective construct genitive singulative triptote)
سَلَمَتَيْن (ar-infl-a collective dual indefinite informal singulative triptote)
السَّلَمَتَيْن (ar-infl-a collective definite dual informal singulative triptote)
سَلَمَتَيْ (ar-infl-a collective construct dual informal singulative triptote)
سَلَمَتَانِ (ar-infl-a collective dual indefinite nominative singulative triptote)
السَّلَمَتَانِ (ar-infl-a collective definite dual nominative singulative triptote)
سَلَمَتَا (ar-infl-a collective construct dual nominative singulative triptote)
سَلَمَتَيْنِ (accusative ar-infl-a collective dual indefinite singulative triptote)
السَّلَمَتَيْنِ (accusative ar-infl-a collective definite dual singulative triptote)
سَلَمَتَيْ (accusative ar-infl-a collective construct dual singulative triptote)
سَلَمَتَيْنِ (ar-infl-a collective dual genitive indefinite singulative triptote)
السَّلَمَتَيْنِ (ar-infl-a collective definite dual genitive singulative triptote)
سَلَمَتَيْ (ar-infl-a collective construct dual genitive singulative triptote)
سَلَمَات (feminine indefinite informal paucal sound-form)
السَّلَمَات (definite feminine informal paucal sound-form)
سَلَمَات (construct feminine informal paucal sound-form)
سَلَمَاتٌ (feminine indefinite nominative paucal sound-form)
السَّلَمَاتُ (definite feminine nominative paucal sound-form)
سَلَمَاتُ (construct feminine nominative paucal sound-form)
سَلَمَاتٍ (accusative feminine indefinite paucal sound-form)
السَّلَمَاتِ (accusative definite feminine paucal sound-form)
سَلَمَاتِ (accusative construct feminine paucal sound-form)
سَلَمَاتٍ (feminine genitive indefinite paucal sound-form)
السَّلَمَاتِ (definite feminine genitive paucal sound-form)
سَلَمَاتِ (construct feminine genitive paucal sound-form)
أَسْلَام (broken-form feminine indefinite informal paucal plural sound-form triptote)
سِلَام (broken-form feminine indefinite informal paucal plural sound-form triptote)
الْأَسْلَام (broken-form definite feminine informal paucal plural sound-form triptote)
السِّلَام (broken-form definite feminine informal paucal plural sound-form triptote)
أَسْلَام (broken-form construct feminine informal paucal plural sound-form triptote)
سِلَام (broken-form construct feminine informal paucal plural sound-form triptote)
أَسْلَامٌ (broken-form feminine indefinite nominative paucal plural sound-form triptote)
سِلَامٌ (broken-form feminine indefinite nominative paucal plural sound-form triptote)
الْأَسْلَامُ (broken-form definite feminine nominative paucal plural sound-form triptote)
السِّلَامُ (broken-form definite feminine nominative paucal plural sound-form triptote)
أَسْلَامُ (broken-form construct feminine nominative paucal plural sound-form triptote)
سِلَامُ (broken-form construct feminine nominative paucal plural sound-form triptote)
أَسْلَامًا (accusative broken-form feminine indefinite paucal plural sound-form triptote)
سِلَامًا (accusative broken-form feminine indefinite paucal plural sound-form triptote)
الْأَسْلَامَ (accusative broken-form definite feminine paucal plural sound-form triptote)
السِّلَامَ (accusative broken-form definite feminine paucal plural sound-form triptote)
أَسْلَامَ (accusative broken-form construct feminine paucal plural sound-form triptote)
سِلَامَ (accusative broken-form construct feminine paucal plural sound-form triptote)
أَسْلَامٍ (broken-form feminine genitive indefinite paucal plural sound-form triptote)
سِلَامٍ (broken-form feminine genitive indefinite paucal plural sound-form triptote)
الْأَسْلَامِ (broken-form definite feminine genitive paucal plural sound-form triptote)
السِّلَامِ (broken-form definite feminine genitive paucal plural sound-form triptote)
أَسْلَامِ (broken-form construct feminine genitive paucal plural sound-form triptote)
سِلَامِ (broken-form construct feminine genitive paucal plural sound-form triptote)


cacao

en-noun

cacao (countable and uncountable, plural cacaos)

/kəˈkeɪ̯əʊ̯/

[kəˈkʰɑːəʊ̯]

[kəˈkʰeɪ̯əʊ̯]

/kəˈkeɪ̯oʊ̯/

[kəˈkʰeɪ̯oʊ̯]

From Spanish cacao, from Classical Nahuatl cacahuatl. Doublet of cocoa.

Theobroma cacao
Theobroma cacao#Translingual

A tree, Theobroma cacao, whose seed is used to make chocolate.


cacao

→ Albanian: kakao

→ Aromanian: cacauã

→ Bikol Central: kakaw

→ Catalan: cacau

→ Cebuano: kakaw

→ Czech: kakao

→ Danish: kakao

→ Dutch: cacao (see there for further descendants)

→ English: cacao, cocoa

→ Estonian: kakao

→ Finnish: kaakao

→ French: cacao

→ German: Kakao

→ Greek: κακάο (kakáo)

→ Icelandic: kakó

→ Indonesian: kakao

→ Latvian: kakao

→ Limburgish: keków

→ Lingala: kaukau

→ Lower Sorbian: kakaw, kakawa

→ Polish: kakao

→ Portuguese: cacau
→ Nheengatu: kakáu

→ Romagnol: cacào

→ Romanian: cacao

→ Slovak: kakao

→ Swedish: kakao

→ Tagalog: kakaw

→ Tongan: koko

→ Turkish: kakao

→ Uzbek: kakao

→ Vietnamese: cacao

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl cacahuatl (“cacao bean”). Doublet of cocoa.


bob

bob (nominative singular)
boba (dual nominative)
boby (nominative plural)
boba (genitive singular)
bobowu (dual genitive)
bobow (genitive plural)
boboju (dative singular)
boboma (dative dual)
bobam (dative plural)
bob (accusative singular)
boba (accusative dual)
boby (accusative plural)
bobom (instrumental singular)
boboma (dual instrumental)
bobami (instrumental plural)
bobje (locative singular)
boboma (dual locative)
bobach (locative plural)

From Proto-Slavic *bobъ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰabʰ-. Cognate with Upper Sorbian bob, Polish bób, Czech bob, Russian боб (bob), Serbo-Croatian bȍb.


bob

bȍb (canonical masculine)
бо̏б (Cyrillic)
bȍb (nominative singular)
bòbovi (nominative plural)
boba (genitive singular)
bobova (genitive plural)
bobu (dative singular)
bobovima (dative plural)
bob (accusative singular)
bobove (accusative plural)
bobe (singular vocative)
bobovi (plural vocative)
bobu (locative singular)
bobovima (locative plural)
bobom (instrumental singular)
bobovima (instrumental plural)


rosemary

en-noun

rosemary (usually uncountable, plural rosemaries)

/ˈɹoʊzˌmɛəɹi/

From Middle English rosmary, rosemarye, alteration (based on rose + Mary) of earlier Middle English rosmarine, rosemaryn, partly from Old French rosmarin, partly directly from Latin rōsmarīnus (“rosemary”), from rōs (“dew, moisture”) + marīnus (“marine, of the sea”).

compound

Salvia rosmarinus
Salvia rosmarinus#Translingual

Rosmarinus officinalis
Rosmarinus officinalis#Translingual

A shrub, Salvia rosmarinus (formerly Rosmarinus officinalis), that originates from Europe and Asia Minor and produces a fragrant herb used in cooking and perfumes.

marsh rosemary

genus Limonium or species Rhododendron tomentosum


oaken

From Middle English oken (also eken), from Old English ācen, ǣċen (“of oak”), from Proto-Germanic *aikīnaz, equivalent to oak + -en (adjectival suffix). Cognate with Dutch eiken (“oaken”), German eichen (“oaken”), Icelandic eikinn (“oaken”).

Captain Jemmy, taking up three bottles one after another and finding them all empty, ordered up three more, and drew his chair up to the hearth, where he sat kicking the oaken logs viciously with his long legs.

1891, Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch, The Blue Pavilions:

Made from the wood of the oak tree. Also in metaphorical uses, suggesting robustness.


kakao

head

kakao (genitive kakao, partitive kakaod)

kakao (genitive)
kakaod (partitive)
kakao (nominative singular)
kakaod (nominative plural)
kakao (accusative nominative singular)
kakaod (accusative nominative plural)
kakao (accusative genitive singular)
kakaod (accusative genitive plural)
kakao (genitive singular)
kakaode (genitive plural)
kakaod (partitive singular)
kakaosid (partitive plural)
kakaosse (illative singular)
kakaodesse (illative plural)
kakaos (inessive singular)
kakaodes (inessive plural)
kakaost (elative singular)
kakaodest (elative plural)
kakaole (allative singular)
kakaodele (allative plural)
kakaol (adessive singular)
kakaodel (adessive plural)
kakaolt (ablative singular)
kakaodelt (ablative plural)
kakaoks (singular translative)
kakaodeks (plural translative)
kakaoni (singular terminative)
kakaodeni (plural terminative)
kakaona (essive singular)
kakaodena (essive plural)
kakaota (abessive singular)
kakaodeta (abessive plural)
kakaoga (comitative singular)
kakaodega (comitative plural)


kakao

kakao (definite accusative kakaoyu, plural kakaolar)

kakaoyu (accusative definite)
kakaolar (plural)
kakao (nominative singular)
kakaolar (nominative plural)
kakaoyu (accusative definite singular)
kakaoları (accusative definite plural)
kakaoya (dative singular)
kakaolara (dative plural)
kakaoda (locative singular)
kakaolarda (locative plural)
kakaodan (ablative singular)
kakaolardan (ablative plural)
kakaonun (genitive singular)
kakaoların (genitive plural)
kakaom (first-person nominative singular)
kakaolarım (first-person nominative singular)
kakaon (nominative second-person singular)
kakaoların (nominative second-person singular)
kakaosu (nominative singular third-person)
kakaoları (nominative singular third-person)
kakaomuz (first-person nominative plural)
kakaolarımız (first-person nominative plural)
kakaonuz (nominative plural second-person)
kakaolarınız (nominative plural second-person)
kakaoları (nominative plural third-person)
kakaomu (accusative definite first-person singular)
kakaolarımı (accusative definite first-person singular)
kakaonu (accusative definite second-person singular)
kakaolarını (accusative definite second-person singular)
kakaosunu (accusative definite singular third-person)
kakaolarını (accusative definite singular third-person)
kakaomuzu (accusative definite first-person plural)
kakaolarımızı (accusative definite first-person plural)
kakaonuzu (accusative definite plural second-person)
kakaolarınızı (accusative definite plural second-person)
kakaolarını (accusative definite plural third-person)
kakaoma (dative first-person singular)
kakaolarıma (dative first-person singular)
kakaona (dative second-person singular)
kakaolarına (dative second-person singular)
kakaosuna (dative singular third-person)
kakaolarına (dative singular third-person)
kakaomuza (dative first-person plural)
kakaolarımıza (dative first-person plural)
kakaonuza (dative plural second-person)
kakaolarınıza (dative plural second-person)
kakaolarına (dative plural third-person)
kakaomda (first-person locative singular)
kakaolarımda (first-person locative singular)
kakaonda (locative second-person singular)
kakaolarında (locative second-person singular)
kakaosunda (locative singular third-person)
kakaolarında (locative singular third-person)
kakaomuzda (first-person locative plural)
kakaolarımızda (first-person locative plural)
kakaonuzda (locative plural second-person)
kakaolarınızda (locative plural second-person)
kakaolarında (locative plural third-person)
kakaomdan (ablative first-person singular)
kakaolarımdan (ablative first-person singular)
kakaondan (ablative second-person singular)
kakaolarından (ablative second-person singular)
kakaosundan (ablative singular third-person)
kakaolarından (ablative singular third-person)
kakaomuzdan (ablative first-person plural)
kakaolarımızdan (ablative first-person plural)
kakaonuzdan (ablative plural second-person)
kakaolarınızdan (ablative plural second-person)
kakaolarından (ablative plural third-person)
kakaomun (first-person genitive singular)
kakaolarımın (first-person genitive singular)
kakaonun (genitive second-person singular)
kakaolarının (genitive second-person singular)
kakaosunun (genitive singular third-person)
kakaolarının (genitive singular third-person)
kakaomuzun (first-person genitive plural)
kakaolarımızın (first-person genitive plural)
kakaonuzun (genitive plural second-person)
kakaolarınızın (genitive plural second-person)
kakaolarının (genitive plural third-person)

From Ottoman Turkish قاقااو (kakao), from French cacao, Spanish cacao, Classical Nahuatl cacahuatl, from Proto-Nahuan *kakawatl, ultimately a borrowing from Proto-Mixe-Zoque *kakawa + -tl (“absolutive noun suffix”).


duda

Borrowed from Spanish duda, from dudar, from Latin dubitāre.


pezzo

With a gender shift, from Latin picea, derived from pix (“pitch, tar”).

(archaic, northern Italy) Synonym of abete rosso (“Norway spruce”)


carrot

en-noun

carrot (countable and uncountable, plural carrots)

→ Fijian: kareti

→ Malay: karot

→ Tagalog: karot

→ Thai: แครอท (kɛɛ-rɔ̀t)

From Middle English karette and Middle French carotte, both from Latin carōta, from Ancient Greek καρωτόν (karōtón). Doublet of carotte and related to caraway. Displaced native Middle English more, from Old English more, moru (“edible root, parsnip, carrot”), related to German Möhre (“carrot”).
* Noun sense of "motivational tool" refers to carrot and stick.
* Verb sense in felt manufacture refers to the orange colour of drying furs.

Daucus carota
Daucus carota#Translingual

A vegetable with a nutritious, juicy, sweet root that is often orange in colour, Daucus carota, especially the subspecies sativus in the family Apiaceae.


koza

kózka (diminutive)
koza (nominative singular)
kozy (nominative plural)
kozy (genitive singular)
kóz (genitive plural)
kozie (dative singular)
kozom (dative plural)
kozę (accusative singular)
kozy (accusative plural)
kozą (instrumental singular)
kozami (instrumental plural)
kozie (locative singular)
kozach (locative plural)
kozo (singular vocative)
kozy (plural vocative)

→ Low Prussian: Koss

Cobitis taenia
Cobitis taenia#Translingual

any spined loach (Cobitis, especially Cobitis taenia or golden loach)


ipe

ipe (countable and uncountable, plural ipes)

A type of wood of the genus Tabebuia, similar to teak, used for outdoor decking and furniture.


faba

From Old Galician-Portuguese fava, from Latin faba.


faba

la-noun

faba f (genitive fabae); first declension

fabae (genitive)
faba (nominative singular)
fabae (nominative plural)
fabae (genitive singular)
fabārum (genitive plural)
fabae (dative singular)
fabīs (dative plural)
fabam (accusative singular)
fabās (accusative plural)
fabā (ablative singular)
fabīs (ablative plural)
faba (singular vocative)
fabae (plural vocative)

Aromanian: fauã, favã

Asturian: faba

Catalan: fava

Dalmatian: fua

Esperanto: fabo

Franc-Comtois: fave

French: fève

Friulian: fave

Galician: faba

Italian: fava

→ English: fava

→ Kabyle: ibawen

→ Moroccan Amazigh: ⵉⴱⴰⵡⵏ (ibawn)

Occitan: fava

Portuguese: fava

Romansch: fava, feva

Sardinian: faa, faba, fae, fava

Sicilian: fava, fafa

Spanish: haba

→ Mezquital Otomi: aba

Translingual: Faba

Venetan: fava

→ Welsh: ffa

From Proto-Italic *fabā (“bean”). Akin to Proto-Slavic *bobъ, Ancient Greek φακός (phakós) and Proto-Germanic *baunō, ultimately likely from a European substrate.

Pinguia cūr illīs gustentur lārda Kalendīs,

Why is it that bacon fats are to be eaten on the Kalends,
and [these] having been mixed with hot bean[s] [and] far, you ask?

mixtaque cum calidō sit faba farre, rogās?


ek

ēk (canonical feminine)
ēk (nominative singular)
ēki (nominative plural)
ēk (accusative singular)
ēki (accusative plural)
ēki (genitive singular)
ēkiō (genitive plural)
ēki (dative singular)
ēkium (dative plural)

Middle Low German: êke, êk

Low German: Eek

Plautdietsch: Ieekj

From Proto-West Germanic *aik, from Proto-Germanic *aiks.


ek

From Old Norse eik, from Proto-Germanic *aiks, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyǵ- (“oak”).


marchewka

pl-noun

marchewka f (diminutive marcheweczka, related adjective marchewkowy)

marcheweczka (diminutive)
marchewkowy (adjective)
marchewka (nominative singular)
marchewki (nominative plural)
marchewki (genitive singular)
marchewek (genitive plural)
marchewce (dative singular)
marchewkom (dative plural)
marchewkę (accusative singular)
marchewki (accusative plural)
marchewką (instrumental singular)
marchewkami (instrumental plural)
marchewce (locative singular)
marchewkach (locative plural)
marchewko (singular vocative)
marchewki (plural vocative)

(colloquial) redhead (person with red hair)


till

tilli (genitive)
tilli (partitive)
till (nominative singular)
tillid (nominative plural)
till (accusative nominative singular)
tillid (accusative nominative plural)
tilli (accusative genitive singular)
tillid (accusative genitive plural)
tilli (genitive singular)
tillide (genitive plural)
tilli (partitive singular)
tille (partitive plural)
tillisid (partitive plural)
tilli (illative singular)
tillisse (illative singular)
tillidesse (illative plural)
tillesse (illative plural)
tillis (inessive singular)
tillides (inessive plural)
tilles (inessive plural)
tillist (elative singular)
tillidest (elative plural)
tillest (elative plural)
tillile (allative singular)
tillidele (allative plural)
tillele (allative plural)
tillil (adessive singular)
tillidel (adessive plural)
tillel (adessive plural)
tillilt (ablative singular)
tillidelt (ablative plural)
tillelt (ablative plural)
tilliks (singular translative)
tillideks (plural translative)
tilleks (plural translative)
tillini (singular terminative)
tillideni (plural terminative)
tillina (essive singular)
tillidena (essive plural)
tillita (abessive singular)
tillideta (abessive plural)
tilliga (comitative singular)
tillidega (comitative plural)

From Middle Low German dille. First attested in 1660.


haritz

haritz (absolutive indefinite)
haritza (absolutive indefinite singular)
haritzak (absolutive indefinite plural)
haritzek (ergative indefinite)
haritzak (ergative indefinite singular)
haritzek (ergative indefinite plural)
haritzi (dative indefinite)
haritzari (dative indefinite singular)
haritzei (dative indefinite plural)
haritzen (genitive indefinite)
haritzaren (genitive indefinite singular)
haritzen (genitive indefinite plural)
haritzekin (comitative indefinite)
haritzarekin (comitative indefinite singular)
haritzekin (comitative indefinite plural)
haritzengatik (causative indefinite)
haritzarengatik (causative indefinite singular)
haritzengatik (causative indefinite plural)
haritzentzat (benefactive indefinite)
haritzarentzat (benefactive indefinite singular)
haritzentzat (benefactive indefinite plural)
haritzez (indefinite instrumental)
haritzaz (indefinite instrumental singular)
haritzez (indefinite instrumental plural)
haritzetan (indefinite inessive)
haritzean (indefinite inessive singular)
haritzetan (indefinite inessive plural)
haritzetako (indefinite locative)
haritzeko (indefinite locative singular)
haritzetako (indefinite locative plural)
haritzetara (allative indefinite)
haritzera (allative indefinite singular)
haritzetara (allative indefinite plural)
haritzetaraino (indefinite terminative)
haritzeraino (indefinite singular terminative)
haritzetaraino (indefinite plural terminative)
haritzetarantz (directive indefinite)
haritzerantz (directive indefinite singular)
haritzetarantz (directive indefinite plural)
haritzetarako (destinative indefinite)
haritzerako (destinative indefinite singular)
haritzetarako (destinative indefinite plural)
haritzetatik (ablative indefinite)
haritzetik (ablative indefinite singular)
haritzetatik (ablative indefinite plural)
haritzik (indefinite partitive)
hariztzat (indefinite prolative)


quicken

From Middle English quiken (“(chiefly in place names) probably the European rowan or mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia), and possibly also the aspen (Populus tremula), juniper (genus Juniperus, specifically the common juniper (Juniperus communis)), or service tree (Sorbus domestica)”), possibly from Old English cwician (“to bring to life, vivify; to come to life, become living; to quicken”) (see etymology 1).

inh

[…] Miss Wannop moved off down the path: it was only suited for Indian file, and had on the left hand a ten-foot, untrimmed quicken hedge, the hawthorn blossoms just beginning to blacken at the edges and small green haws to show.

1924 April, Ford Madox Ford, chapter V, in Some Do Not … […] (Parade’s End; 1), 2nd edition, London: Duckworth and Company […], published June 1924, →OCLC, part 1, page 132:

Sorbus aucuparia
Sorbus aucuparia#Translingual

(chiefly Ireland, Northern England) In full quicken tree: the European rowan, rowan, or mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia).


avellano

rural northern Spain, Andes Mountains, Paraguay, Philippines


oak

en-noun

oak (countable and uncountable, plural oaks)

Inherited from Middle English ook, oke, aik, ake, from Old English āc (also as Old English ǣċ), from Proto-West Germanic *aik, from Proto-Germanic *aiks, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyǵ- (“oak”).
Cognates
From Proto-Germanic: Scots aik, West Frisian iik, Dutch eik, German Eiche, German Low German Eek, Danish eg, Norwegian Bokmål eik, Norwegian Nynorsk eik, Swedish ek, Yiddish אייכנבוים (eykhnboym).
From Proto-Indo-European: Latin aesculus (“Durmast oak”), Lithuanian ąžuolas (“oak”), Albanian enjë (“juniper, yew”), Ancient Greek αἰγίλωψ (aigílōps, “Turkey oak”)).

cog

Any tree of other genera and species of trees resembling typical oaks of genus Quercus in some ways.

Toxicodendron, poison oak, in family Anacardiaceae


tei

tei (plural)
tei (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
teiul (accusative definite nominative singular)
tei (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
teii (accusative definite nominative plural)
tei (indefinite singular)
teiului (definite singular)
tei (indefinite plural)
teilor (definite plural)
teiule (singular vocative)
teilor (plural vocative)

Inherited from Latin tilia, turned masculine in assimilation to other tree names, or through Vulgar Latin *tilius. Compare Italian tiglio and Friulian tei.


липа

bg-noun

липа́ • (lipá) f (relational adjective ли́пов, diminutive липи́чка)

липа́ (canonical)
lipá (romanization)
ли́пов (adjective relational)
липи́чка (diminutive)
липа́ (indefinite singular)
липи́ (indefinite plural)
липа́та (definite singular)
липи́те (definite plural)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lipa, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *léiˀpāˀ.

lime tree, linden tree (tree of genus Tilia)


липа

mk-noun

липа • (lipa) f (plural липи, relational adjective липов)

lipa (romanization)
липи (plural)
липов (adjective relational)
липа (indefinite singular)
липи (indefinite plural)
липата (definite singular unspecified)
липите (definite plural unspecified)
липава (definite proximal singular)
липиве (definite plural proximal)
липана (definite distal singular)
липине (definite distal plural)
липо (singular vocative)
липи (plural vocative)


липа

mk-verb

липа • (lipa) third-singular present, impf (perfective залипа)

lipa (romanization)
залипа (perfective)
липал (imperfect masculine)
липала (feminine imperfect)
липајќи (adverbial aorist participle)
липало (imperfect neuter)
липање (aorist noun-from-verb)
липале (imperfect plural)
липано (aorist participle perfect)
липам (first-person present singular)
липав (first-person imperfect singular)
липаш (present second-person singular)
липаше (imperfect second-person singular)
липај (aorist imperative second-person singular)
липа (present singular third-person)
липаше (imperfect singular third-person)
липаме (first-person plural present)
липавме (first-person imperfect plural)
липате (plural present second-person)
липавте (imperfect plural second-person)
липајте (aorist imperative plural second-person)
липаат (plural present third-person)
липаа (imperfect plural third-person)
сум липал (imperfect multiword-construction perfect present)
имам липано (imperfect multiword-construction perfect present има)
present of има + perfect participle (aorist multiword-construction perfect има)
present of има + perfect participle (imperative multiword-construction perfect има)
бев липал (imperfect multiword-construction pluperfect present)
имав липано (imperfect multiword-construction pluperfect present има)
imperfect of има + perfect participle (aorist multiword-construction pluperfect има)
imperfect of има + perfect participle (imperative multiword-construction pluperfect има)
сум имал липано (imperfect multiword-construction perfect present reported има)
perfect of има + perfect participle (aorist multiword-construction perfect reported има)
perfect of има + perfect participle (multiword-construction perfect reported има)
ќе липам (future imperfect multiword-construction present)
ќе + present (aorist future multiword-construction)
ќе + present (future imperative multiword-construction)
ќе имам липано (future imperfect multiword-construction present има)
future of има + perfect participle (aorist future multiword-construction има)
future of има + perfect participle (future imperative multiword-construction има)
ќе липав (imperfect multiword-construction past-future present)
ќе + imperfect (aorist multiword-construction past-future)
ќе + imperfect (imperative multiword-construction past-future)
ќе имав липано (future imperfect multiword-construction past present има)
ќе сум липал (future imperfect multiword-construction present reported)
ќе + imperfect l-participle (aorist future multiword-construction reported)
ќе + imperfect l-participle (future multiword-construction reported)
ќе сум имал липано (future imperfect multiword-construction present reported има)
би липал (conditional imperfect multiword-construction present)
би + imperfect l-participle (aorist conditional multiword-construction)
би + imperfect l-participle (conditional multiword-construction)
би имал липано (conditional imperfect multiword-construction present има)
conditional of има + perfect participle (aorist conditional multiword-construction има)
conditional of има + perfect participle (conditional multiword-construction има)

mk-conj-table

present in <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="mk">-а</i>


липа

ru-noun+

ли́па • (lípa) f inan (genitive ли́пы, nominative plural ли́пы, genitive plural лип, relational adjective ли́повый, diminutive ли́пка, augmentative ли́пища)

ли́па (canonical)
lípa (romanization)
ли́пы (genitive)
ли́пы (nominative plural)
лип (genitive plural)
ли́повый (adjective relational)
ли́пка (diminutive)
ли́пища (augmentative)
ли́па (nominative singular)
ли́пы (nominative plural)
ли́пы (genitive singular)
ли́п (genitive plural)
ли́пе (dative singular)
ли́пам (dative plural)
ли́пу (accusative singular)
ли́пы (accusative plural)
ли́пой (instrumental singular)
ли́пою (instrumental singular)
ли́пами (instrumental plural)
ли́пе (prepositional singular)
ли́пах (plural prepositional)
ли́па (dated nominative singular)
ли́пы (dated nominative plural)
ли́пы (dated genitive singular)
ли́пъ (dated genitive plural)
ли́пѣ (dated dative singular)
ли́памъ (dated dative plural)
ли́пу (accusative dated singular)
ли́пы (accusative dated plural)
ли́пой (dated instrumental singular)
ли́пою (dated instrumental singular)
ли́пами (dated instrumental plural)
ли́пѣ (dated prepositional singular)
ли́пахъ (dated plural prepositional)

Inherited from Old East Slavic липа (lipa), from Proto-Slavic *lipa, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *léiˀpāˀ.

inh+

lime tree, linden (tree, wood, or flower)


липа

ли̏па (canonical feminine)
lȉpa (romanization)
ли̏па (nominative singular)
липе (nominative plural)
липе (genitive singular)
ли̑па̄ (genitive plural)
липи (dative singular)
липама (dative plural)
липу (accusative singular)
липе (accusative plural)
липо (singular vocative)
липе (plural vocative)
липом (locative singular)
липама (locative plural)
липи (instrumental singular)
липама (instrumental plural)


липа

uk-noun

ли́па • (lýpa) f inan (genitive ли́пи, nominative plural ли́пи, genitive plural лип)

ли́па (canonical)
lýpa (romanization)
ли́пи (genitive)
ли́пи (nominative plural)
лип (genitive plural)
ли́па (nominative singular)
ли́пи (nominative plural)
ли́пи (genitive singular)
лип (genitive plural)
ли́пі (dative singular)
ли́пам (dative plural)
ли́пу (accusative singular)
ли́пи (accusative plural)
ли́пою (instrumental singular)
ли́пами (instrumental plural)
ли́пі (locative singular)
ли́пах (locative plural)
ли́по (singular vocative)
ли́пи (plural vocative)

From Proto-Slavic *lipa, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *léiˀpāˀ.


madder

en-noun

madder (countable and uncountable, plural madders)

From Middle English mader, madere, mædere, from Old English mædere, mæddre, mædre, from Proto-Germanic *madarǭ (compare Swedish madra, Old Norse / Icelandic maðra), from Proto-Indo-European *modʰro-, cognate with Proto-Slavic *modrъ (“blue”), and compare Irish madar (“madder”), Latvian madara (“madder”).

Rubia tinctorum
Rubia tinctorum#Translingual

A herbaceous plant, Rubia tinctorum, native to Asia, cultivated for a red-purple dye (alizarin) obtained from the root.


ackee

ackee (countable and uncountable, plural ackees)

Ackee and saltfish is a traditional Jamaican dish.

The fleshy sacks that dangled down between his legs, like rotting ackees, wobbled.

2004, Andrea Levy, chapter 7, in Small Island, London: Review, pages 104–105:

The fruit of the tree, of which only the arils are edible, the remainder being poisonous.


ackee

jam-noun

ackee (plural ackee dem, quantified ackee)

Possibly from Akan aŋkye or Kuwaa a-kee.

Nuttn nuh nice like ackee and saltfish an' fry dumplin' fi breakfast.

There's nothing better than ackee and salted codfish with fried dumplings for breakfast.


jade

en-noun

jade (usually uncountable, plural jades)

Borrowed from French le jade, rebracketing of earlier l’éjade (“jade”), from Spanish piedra de ijada (“flank stone”), via Vulgar Latin *iliata from Latin ilia (“flank”). (Jade was thought to cure pains in the side.)


broom

broom (countable and uncountable, plural brooms)

→ Chinook Jargon: bloom

Inherited from Middle English brom, from Old English brōm (“brushwood”), from Proto-West Germanic *brām (“bramble”) (compare Saterland Frisian Brom, West Frisian brem, Dutch braam, German Low German Braam), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrem-, from *bʰer- ‘edge’. Related to brim, brink.
(shotgun): So called because it is (like the cleaning utensil) long and held similarly to a besom and “cleans” what is in front.

[…] and thy broom groves,
Whose shadow the dismissed bachelor loves,
Being lass-lorn […]

1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:

Any of several yellow-flowered shrubs of the family Fabaceae, with long, stiff, thin branches and small or few leaves used for the domestic utensil.

Especially, of the tribe Genisteae, including genera Cytisus, Genista, and Spartium.

Of plants not closely related to those of tribe Genisteae.


spruce

spruce (countable and uncountable, plural spruces or spruce)

desc

→ Kashubian: sprusz (Canada, United States)

→ Thai: สปรูซ

→ Thai: สปรูซ

From Middle English Spruce, an alteration of Pruce (“Prussia”), from Medieval Latin, from a Baltic language, probably Old Prussian; for more, see Prussia. Spruce, spruse (1412), and Sprws (1378) were terms for commodities brought to England by Hanseatic merchants (beer, wood, leather). The tree with this name was also believed to have been native to Prussia. The adjective and verb senses ("trim, neat" and "to make trim, neat") are attested from 1594, and originate with spruce leather (1466), which was used to make a popular style of jerkins in the 1400s that was considered smart-looking.

Any of various large coniferous evergreen trees or shrubs from the genus Picea, found in northern temperate and boreal regions; originally and more fully spruce fir.


birch

en-noun

birch (countable and uncountable, plural birches)

PIE word
 *bʰerHǵós
From Middle English birche, birk, from Old English birċe, bierċe, from Proto-West Germanic *birkijā, from Proto-Germanic *birkijǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵos.
Cognates
Compare West Frisian bjirk, German Birke, variant of *berkō (compare Dutch berk, Swedish björk, Norwegian bjørk), Sanskrit भूर्ज (bhūrjá), Lithuanian béržas, Czech bříza, Ossetian бӕрз (bærz), Russian берёза (berjóza)), Latin fraxinus (“ash tree, ash javelin”), Albanian bredh.

cog

Any of various trees of the genus Betula, native to countries in the Northern Hemisphere.


kumquat

From Cantonese 柑橘 (gam¹ gwat¹) or 金橘 (gam¹ gwat¹, literally “golden tangerine”). Related to loquat – same second character.

A small, orange citrus-like fruit which is native to Asia (Citrus japonica, syn. Fortunella japonica).


kumquat

cs-noun

kumquat m inan (related adjective kumquatový)

kumquatový (adjective)
kumquat (nominative singular)
kumquaty (nominative plural)
kumquatu (genitive singular)
kumquatů (genitive plural)
kumquatu (dative singular)
kumquatům (dative plural)
kumquat (accusative singular)
kumquaty (accusative plural)
kumquate (singular vocative)
kumquaty (plural vocative)
kumquatu (locative singular)
kumquatech (locative plural)
kumquatem (instrumental singular)
kumquaty (instrumental plural)

Borrowed from English kumquat, from Cantonese 柑橘 (gam¹ gwat¹).

Citrus japonica
Wikispecies:Citrus japonica


ess

ésse (plural)
ess (nominative singular)
ésse (definite nominative plural)
ess (accusative singular)
ésse (accusative definite plural)
ésse (dative singular)
éssen (dative definite plural)

From Middle High German esche, asche, from Old High German asc, from Proto-Germanic *askaz (“ash tree”). Cognate with German Esche, English ash.

Memme ésse manzich machan biil èrbot.


caltrop

From Middle English calketrappe, from Old English calcatrippe (“plant that trips”), from Medieval Latin calcatrippa (“thistle”), from Latin calx or calcare + trappa.

inh

Tribulus terrestris
Tribulus terrestris#Translingual

Any of a number of flowering plants in the family Zygophyllaceae, including several members of the genus Kallstroemia and the species Tribulus terrestris, native to warm temperate and tropical regions.


keck

From earlier dialectal kex, of Celtic origin, probably from the same ultimate source as Latin cicuta (“hemlock”).

Anthriscus sylvestris
Anthriscus sylvestris#Translingual

(dialectal) The cow parsley (Anthriscus sylvestris).


earthnut

Inherited from Middle English erthenote, from Old English eorþhnutu, from Proto-Germanic *erþōhnuts; equivalent to earth + nut.

Bunium bulbocastanum
Bunium bulbocastanum#Translingual

Any of various roots, tubers, or pods that grow underground:

A tuber belonging to the species Conopodium majus (syns. Bunium flexuosum, Conopodium denudatum), Bunium bulbocastanum (syn. Carum bulbocastanum), or Apios americana (syn. Apios tuberosa).

Arachis hypogaea
Arachis hypogaea#Translingual

The underground tuber belonging to the genus Tuber.


ayegreen

Sempervivum tectorum
Sempervivum tectorum#Translingual


azedarach

From French azédarach, from Spanish acederaque, from Arabic أَزَادَرْخَت (ʔazādarḵat), from Persian آزاددرخت (âzâd-deraxt), from آزاد (âzâd, “noble”) + درخت (deraxt, “tree”).

der

أَزَادَرْخَت

Arabic أَزَادَرْخَت (ʔazādarḵat)

compound

Melia azedarach
Melia azedarach#Translingual

An Asiatic tree (Melia azedarach), common in the southern United States, commonly called bead tree, chinaberry, etc.


azarole

From French azerole, from Spanish acerola, from Andalusian Arabic الزَعْرُورَة (az-zaʕrúra), from Classical Arabic زُعْرُورَة (zuʕrūra). Doublet of acerola.

der

الزَعْرُورَة

Crataegus azarolus
Crataegus azarolus#Translingual

Any of species Crataegus azarolus of shrubs of southern Europe, related to hawthorn.


azalea

From New Latin, from Ancient Greek ἀζαλέος (azaléos, “dry”), because it grows in dry soil; from ἄζω (ázō, “I dry up”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eHs-.


azalea

From New Latin, from Ancient Greek ἀζαλέος (azaléos, “dry”).


azalea

la-noun

azalea f (genitive azaleae); first declension

azaleae (genitive)
azalea (nominative singular)
azaleae (nominative plural)
azaleae (genitive singular)
azaleārum (genitive plural)
azaleae (dative singular)
azaleīs (dative plural)
azaleam (accusative singular)
azaleās (accusative plural)
azaleā (ablative singular)
azaleīs (ablative plural)
azalea (singular vocative)
azaleae (plural vocative)

→ English: azalea

→ German: Azalee

[äd̪ˈd̪͡z̪äːleä]

From Ancient Greek ἀζαλέος (azaléos, “dry”).


Avignon berry

The fruit of rock buckthorn, or Avignon buckthorn, of the species Rhamnus saxatilis, Rhamnus infectorius, and others of the same genus, used by dyers and painters for coloring yellow.


lis

sq-noun

lis m (plural lisa, definite lisi, definite plural lisat)

lisa (plural)
lisi (definite)
lisat (definite plural)
lis (indefinite nominative singular)
lisi (definite nominative singular)
lisa (indefinite nominative plural)
lisat (definite nominative plural)
lis (accusative indefinite singular)
lisin (accusative definite singular)
lisa (accusative indefinite plural)
lisat (accusative definite plural)
lisi (dative indefinite singular)
lisit (dative definite singular)
lisave (dative indefinite plural)
lisave (dative definite plural)
lisi (ablative indefinite singular)
lisit (ablative definite singular)
lisash (ablative indefinite plural)
lisave (ablative definite plural)

Most likely a formation after lëndë (“timber”), similarly to the connection of vis with vend.
Alternatively, Orel suggests a borrowing from Proto-Slavic *lěsъ (“forest, woods”), whence Serbo-Croatian lȇs／ле̑с, Bulgarian лес (les), although in this case one would expect the auslaut to have gone palatalization. Because of the /-i-/ < *-ě-, the Slavic dialect is identified as Ikavian.


lupinus

la-adj

lupīnus (feminine lupīna, neuter lupīnum); first/second-declension adjective

lupīnus (canonical)
lupīna (feminine)
lupīnum (neuter)
lupīnus (masculine nominative singular)
lupīna (feminine nominative singular)
lupīnum (neuter nominative singular)
lupīnī (masculine nominative plural)
lupīnae (feminine nominative plural)
lupīna (neuter nominative plural)
lupīnī (genitive masculine singular)
lupīnae (feminine genitive singular)
lupīnī (genitive neuter singular)
lupīnōrum (genitive masculine plural)
lupīnārum (feminine genitive plural)
lupīnōrum (genitive neuter plural)
lupīnō (dative masculine singular)
lupīnae (dative feminine singular)
lupīnō (dative neuter singular)
lupīnīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
lupīnum (accusative masculine singular)
lupīnam (accusative feminine singular)
lupīnum (accusative neuter singular)
lupīnōs (accusative masculine plural)
lupīnās (accusative feminine plural)
lupīna (accusative neuter plural)
lupīnō (ablative masculine singular)
lupīnā (ablative feminine singular)
lupīnō (ablative neuter singular)
lupīnīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
lupīne (masculine singular vocative)
lupīna (feminine singular vocative)
lupīnum (neuter singular vocative)
lupīnī (masculine plural vocative)
lupīnae (feminine plural vocative)
lupīna (neuter plural vocative)

[ɫ̪ʊˈpiːnʊs̠]


lentil

From Middle English lentile, from Old French lentille from Latin lenticula, diminutive of lēns, from a pre-Indo-European substrate source shared by German Linse, Ancient Greek λάθυρος (láthuros) and Lithuanian lęšis. Doublet of lenticula.

Lens culinaris
Lens culinaris#Translingual

Any of several plants of the genus Lens, especially Lens culinaris, from southwest Asia, that have edible, lens-shaped seeds within flattened pods.


kidney bean

Wikispecies kidney bean (canonical)
kidney beans (plural)

Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgaris#Translingual

A common bean of a cultivar of (Phaseolus vulgaris), with a dark-red skin.


pease

en-verb

pease (third-person singular simple present peases, present participle peasing, simple past and past participle peased)

peases (present singular third-person)
peasing (participle present)
peased (participle past)
peased (past)

From Anglo-Norman paiser, pesser et al., Old French paisier, aphetic form of apaisier (“to appease”). Probably also partly from aphetic use of appease.

(obsolete) To make peace between (conflicting people, states etc.); to reconcile.


jazz

en-noun

jazz (usually uncountable, plural jazzes)

→ Arabic: جَاز (jāz)

→ Armenian: ջազ (ǰaz)

→ Bulgarian: джаз (džaz)

→ Catalan: jazz, džez

→ Czech: jazz

→ Danish: jazz

→ Dutch: jazz

→ Esperanto: ĵazo

→ Estonian: džäss

→ Faroese: djassur

→ Finnish: jazz, jatsi

→ French: jazz

→ Georgian: ჯაზი (ǯazi)

→ German: Jazz

→ Greek: τζαζ (tzaz)

desc

→ Hebrew: ג׳ז, ג׳אז

→ Hebrew: ג׳ז, ג׳אז

→ Hungarian: dzsessz, jazz

→ Icelandic: djass, jass

→ Italian: jazz

→ Japanese: ジャズ (jazu)

→ Korean: 재즈 (jaejeu)

→ Latvian: džezs

→ Lithuanian: džiazas

→ Macedonian: џез (džez)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: jazz

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: jazz

→ Persian: جاز

→ Polish: jazz, dżez

→ Portuguese: jazz

→ Romanian: jazz

→ Russian: джаз (džaz)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: џе̏з

Latin script: džȅz

→ Slovak: džez

→ Slovene: džẹ̑z

→ Spanish: jazz

→ Swedish: jazz

→ Tagalog: dyas, diyas

→ Thai: แจ๊ส (jɛ́ɛt)

→ Turkish: caz

→ Ukrainian: джаз (džaz)

→ Yiddish: דזשאַז (dzhaz)

Unknown. First attested around 1912 in a discussion of baseball; attested in reference to music around 1915. Numerous references suggest that the term may be connected to jasm and jism.

You dare to bring your jazz songs into my house!

1927, Samson Raphaelson, Alfred A. Cohn, The Jazz Singer, spoken by Jakie Rabinowitz (Al Jolson):

You all look out now, here I come, everybody step aside, I’m gonna show you where from! I'm gonna blow in this horn and make you know that jazz is the king and let it be so!

1946, Milton “Mezz” Mezzrow, Bernard Wolfe, “Not too Far Tangent”, in Really the Blues, New York, N.Y.: Random House, book 1 (1899–1923: A Nothin’ but a Child), page 30:

You see, the kids, they listen to the rap music which gives them the brain damage. With their hippin', and the hoppin', and the bippin', and the boppin', so they don't know what the jazz…is all about! You see, jazz is like the Jello Pudding Pop—no, actually, it's more like Kodak film—no, actually, jazz is like the New Coke: it'll be around forever, heh heh.

1995, Mike Reiss, Al Jean, “'Round Springfield”, in The Simpsons, season 6, episode 22, spoken by Bill Cosby:

(music) A musical art form rooted in West African cultural and musical expression and in the African American blues tradition, with diverse influences over time, commonly characterized by blue notes, syncopation, swing, call and response, polyrhythms and improvisation.

Suddenly, Bobby oozed his jazz into Gene's throat.

[…] making Glenn feel as though he could never stop shooting his jazz wildly up inside the man's brawny body!

1974, Peter Pepper, Meatslinger, page 141:

As he clung to the legs of his captor, he splayed his own out to the side, baring his groin and genitals to the eyes of all just as his jazz began to spurt out onto the stage.

2018, Bert Shrader, A Gay Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum:


beech

From Middle English beche, from Old English bēċe, from Proto-West Germanic *bōkijā (“beech”). Doublet of buky.

A beech wood with silver firs in it rolled down the face of the hill, and the maze of leafless twigs and dusky spires cut sharp against the soft blueness of the evening sky.

1907 January, Harold Bindloss, chapter 1, in The Dust of Conflict, 1st Canadian edition, Toronto, Ont.: McLeod & Allen, →OCLC:

A tree of the genus Fagus having a smooth, light grey trunk, oval, pointed leaves, and many branches.


lima bean

Named after the city of Lima, from which they were exported.

Phaseolus lunatus
Phaseolus lunatus#Translingual

A plant of species Phaseolus lunatus or the bean it yields.


yew

en-noun

yew (countable and uncountable, plural yews)

From Middle English ew, from Old English īw, ēow, from Proto-West Germanic *īhu, from Proto-Germanic *īhwaz (compare Icelandic ýr), masculine variant of *īwō (compare Dutch ijf, German Eibe), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyHw-.
See also Hittite [script needed] (eja, “type of evergreen”), Welsh yw (“yews”), Irish eo [both cognates of Old English īw, Old English ēow]; and Latgalian īva (“bird cherry”), Lithuanian ievà (“bird cherry”), Russian и́ва (íva, “willow”).

cog

Old Yew, which graspest at the stones
That name the under-lying dead,
Thy fibres net the dreamless head,
Thy roots are wrapt about the bones.

1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto II:

Have a tree or two the witches particularly like, such as the alder, larch, cypress and hemlock; then, to counteract any possible evil effects, there must be a holly, yew, hazel, elder, mountain ash or juniper.

1940, Rosetta E. Clarkson, Green Enchantments: The Magic Spell of Gardens, The Macmillan Company, page 273:

At Darley Dale, in Derbyshire, there is another yew about 1,000 years younger with a 32 ft girth, while a mighty yew at Goudhurst, Kent, has a bench seating 12 in its hollow trunk.

1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 119:

Taxus baccata
Taxus baccata#Translingual

(countable) A species of coniferous tree, Taxus baccata, with dark-green flat needle-like leaves and seeds bearing red arils, native to western, central and southern Europe, northwest Africa, northern Iran and southwest Asia.

(countable, by extension) Any tree or shrub of the genus Taxus.

Other conifers resembling plants in genus Taxus


skullcap

(botany) Any of several species of flowering plants of the genus Scutellaria, in the Lamiaceae family.


bay leaf

A piece of marigold or bay leaf was imbedded in the metal, and over it a carbuncle or chrysolite was placed.

1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 155:

A herb derived from any of certain shrubs of the family Lauraceae and Myrtaceae.


citron

en-noun

citron (countable and uncountable, plural citrons)

Borrowed from French citron (“lemon, lime”), Latin citrus (“citron tree, thuja”), probably via Etruscan derived from Ancient Greek κέδρος (kédros) (see there for further etymology).

der+

Citrus medica
Citrus medica#Translingual


citron

citron (nominative singular)
citrony (nominative plural)
citronu (genitive singular)
citronů (genitive plural)
citronu (dative singular)
citronům (dative plural)
citron (accusative singular)
citrony (accusative plural)
citrone (singular vocative)
citrony (plural vocative)
citroně (locative singular)
citronu (locative singular)
citronech (locative plural)
citronem (instrumental singular)
citrony (instrumental plural)

Borrowed from German Zitrone (“lemon, lemonade”).


abanoz

sq-noun

abanoz m (plural abanozë, definite abanozi, definite plural abanozët)

abanozë (plural)
abanozi (definite)
abanozët (definite plural)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish آبانوز (abanoz) (compare Turkish abanoz), earlier آبنوس (abnus), from Persian آبنوس (âbnus), from Ancient Greek ἔβενος (ébenos), from Egyptian hbnj.


abanoz

head

abanoz (definite accusative abanozu, plural abanozlar)

abanozu (accusative definite)
abanozlar (plural)
abanoz (nominative singular)
abanozlar (nominative plural)
abanozu (accusative definite singular)
abanozları (accusative definite plural)
abanoza (dative singular)
abanozlara (dative plural)
abanozda (locative singular)
abanozlarda (locative plural)
abanozdan (ablative singular)
abanozlardan (ablative plural)
abanozun (genitive singular)
abanozların (genitive plural)

From Ottoman Turkish آبانوز (abanoz), earlier آبنوس (abnus), borrowed from Persian آبنوس (âbnus), from Ancient Greek ἔβενος (ébenos), from Egyptian hbnj.


chestnut tree

A tree that bears chestnuts; a tree of the genus Castanea


baz

baz (nominative singular)
baza (dual nominative)
baze (nominative plural)
baza (genitive singular)
bazowu (dual genitive)
bazow (genitive plural)
bazoju (dative singular)
bazoma (dative dual)
bazam (dative plural)
baz (accusative singular)
baza (accusative dual)
baze (accusative plural)
bazom (instrumental singular)
bazoma (dual instrumental)
bazami (instrumental plural)
bazu (locative singular)
bazoma (dual locative)
bazach (locative plural)

Sambucus nigra
Sambucus nigra#Translingual


vetch

From Middle English vecche, fecche, ficche, from Old Northern French veche, variant of Old French vece, from Latin vicia. Doublet of fitch.

Any of several leguminous plants, of the genus Vicia, often grown as green manure and for their edible seeds.


bilberry

Probably of North Germanic origin (Danish bøllebær), from Old Norse bolli (Proto-Germanic *bullǭ) + ber.

Vaccinium myrtillus
Vaccinium myrtillus#Translingual

Vaccinium myrtillus, the wild European blueberry of the cowberry family.

kulumri

type of blueberry from the cowberry family — see also blueberry


saga

id-noun

saga (first-person possessive sagaku, second-person possessive sagamu, third-person possessive saganya)

sagaku (first-person possessive)
sagamu (possessive second-person)
saganya (possessive third-person)

From Malay saga, from Proto-Malayic *saga, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saga.

Abrus precatorius
Abrus precatorius#Translingual


saga

ms-noun

saga (Jawi spelling ساݢ, plural saga-saga, informal 1st possessive sagaku, 2nd possessive sagamu, 3rd possessive saganya)

ساݢ (Jawi)
saga-saga (plural)
sagaku (first-person informal possessive)
sagamu (possessive second-person)
saganya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *saga, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saga.


saga

> Javanese: ꦱꦒ (saga) (inherited)


chickpea

/ˈt͡ʃɪkˌpiː/

Calque of French pois chiche, from pois (“pea”) + chiche, from Latin cicer (“chickpea”).

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum#Translingual

An annual plant (Cicer arietinum) in the pea family, widely cultivated for the edible seeds in its short inflated pods.


bean

→ Fiji Hindi: biin

From Middle English bene, from Old English bēan, from Proto-West Germanic *baunu, from Proto-Germanic *baunō (“bean”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰabʰ- (“bean”). Cognate with Scots bene, bein (“bean”), West Frisian bean (“bean”), Dutch boon (“bean”), German Bohne (“bean”),
Swedish böna (“bean”),
Danish bønne (“bean”), Norwegian bønne (“bean”), Icelandic baun (“bean”), Latin faba (“bean”), Russian боб (bob, “bean”), Serbo-Croatian бо̏б/bȍb. Doublet of fava.

(colloquial, chiefly in the plural) A toe bean.


crab

en-noun

crab (countable and uncountable, plural crabs)

From Middle English crabbe, from Old English crabba (“crab; crayfish; cancer”), from Proto-West Germanic *krabbō, from Proto-Germanic *krabbô, from *krabbōną (“to creep, crawl”), from Proto-Indo-European *grobʰeh₂yéti (“scratch, claw at”), a metathesised o-grade of *gerbʰ-. More at carve.
Cognates
See also Dutch krab, Low German Krabb, Danish krabbe, Swedish krabba.
Further cognates with frequentative-infix are Saterland Frisian krabbelje (“to creep, crawl”), Dutch krabbelen (“to scratch”) and German krabbeln (“to crawl”). Possibly related to English creep and Swedish krypa (“to creep, crawl”) etc.

cog

Although crabs themselves are an easily treated inconvenience, the patient and his partner(s) clearly run major STD risks.

Pthirus pubis
Pthirus pubis#Translingual

(in plural crabs, informal) An infestation of pubic lice (Pthirus pubis).


crab

en-verb

crab (third-person singular simple present crabs, present participle crabbing, simple past and past participle crabbed)

crabs (present singular third-person)
crabbing (participle present)
crabbed (participle past)
crabbed (past)

Time slowed down then, became liquid in the aftermath of his grotesque, unfolding limbs; he crabbed his way down the faded line, rocking back and forth in braces he would use all his life.

2011, Robert Vivian, The Least Cricket of Evening, page 108:

Foot by foot, he crabbed his way down another ninety feet of rock chimney until he stood on solid ground again, still very much alive.

To move in a manner that involves keeping low and clinging to surfaces.


crab

From Middle English crabbe (“wild apple”), of Germanic origin, plausibly from North Germanic, cognate with Swedish dialect scrabba.

The tree bearing crab apples, which has a dogbane-like bitter bark with medical use.

She swore to such things , that I could do nothing but swear and call names : upon which out bolts her husband upon me , with a fine taper crab in his hand and fell upon me with such violence , that , being half delirious , I made a full confession

A cudgel made of the wood of the crab tree; a crabstick.


crab

Possibly a corruption of the genus name Carapa

The tree species Carapa guianensis, native to South America.


sandarac

en-noun

sandarac (countable and uncountable, plural sandaracs)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-sandarac.wav

From Latin sandaraca, from Ancient Greek σανδαράκη (sandarákē, “realgar”).

der

(mineralogy, archaic) Realgar; red sulphide of arsenic.

Sandarach is procured from common juniper; and incense from a juniper with yellow fruit.

1789, Erasmus Darwin, The Loves of the Plants, J. Johnson, page 9:

Oil was also used for making varnish, by dissolving sandarac in it, and as the 'vernysshe' which appears so frequently in accounts was always bought by the pound, the term was evidently applied to the sandarac, or other similar resinous substance.

1952, L.F. Salzman, Building in England, page 171:

There would have been many gums and resins in these markets for our lute-maker to bind his wood with: sandarac resin from North African pines […].

2002, Victoria Finlay, Colour, Sceptre, published 2003, page 198:

Tetraclinis articulata
Tetraclinis articulata#Translingual

(chemistry) A white or yellow resin obtained from a north African tree (Tetraclinis articulata), and pulverized for pounce; probably so called from a resemblance to the mineral.


lada

la-noun

lāda f (genitive lādae); first declension

lāda (canonical feminine)
lādae (genitive)
lāda (nominative singular)
lādae (nominative plural)
lādae (genitive singular)
lādārum (genitive plural)
lādae (dative singular)
lādīs (dative plural)
lādam (accusative singular)
lādās (accusative plural)
lādā (ablative singular)
lādīs (ablative plural)
lāda (singular vocative)
lādae (plural vocative)

A shrub in Cyprus from which a resin was obtained


אלון

he-proper noun

אַלּוֹן • (alón) m

Root
 א־ל־ל (ʾ-l-l)
Cognate with Akkadian 𒀠𒆷𒀭 (ʾallānu, alyānu, “oak; acorn”), Aramaic אִילָנָא (ʾīlānā, “tree”), Classical Syriac ܐܺܝܠܳܢܳܐ (ʾīlānā, “tree”). Doublet of אִילָן (ʾīlān, ilán, “tree”) which is borrowed from Aramaic. Borrowed into Semitic from Sumerian 𒄑𒀠𒆷𒈝 (allanum, “oak; acorn, acorn-shaped”). Compare also אֵלָה (ʾelā, “terebinth”) and the plurale tantum אֵילִים (ēlīm, “mighty tree”).


чай

ru-noun+

чай • (čaj) m inan (genitive ча́я, nominative plural чаи́, genitive plural чаёв, relational adjective ча́йный, diminutive чаёк or чаёчек)

čaj (romanization)
ча́я (genitive)
чаи́ (nominative plural)
чаёв (genitive plural)
ча́йный (adjective relational)
чаёк (diminutive)
чаёчек (diminutive)
ча́й (nominative singular)
чаи́ (nominative plural)
ча́я (genitive singular)
чаёв (genitive plural)
ча́ю (dative singular)
чая́м (dative plural)
ча́й (accusative singular)
чаи́ (accusative plural)
ча́ем (instrumental singular)
чая́ми (instrumental plural)
ча́е (prepositional singular)
чая́х (plural prepositional)
ча́ю (partitive singular)
в чаю́ (locative singular)
ча́й (dated nominative singular)
чаи́ (dated nominative plural)
ча́я (dated genitive singular)
чаёвъ (dated genitive plural)
ча́ю (dated dative singular)
чая́мъ (dated dative plural)
ча́й (accusative dated singular)
чаи́ (accusative dated plural)
ча́емъ (dated instrumental singular)
чая́ми (dated instrumental plural)
ча́ѣ (dated prepositional singular)
чая́хъ (dated plural prepositional)
ча́ю (dated partitive singular)
въ чаю́ (dated locative singular)

→ Alutiiq: cayuq

→ Alutor: сайый (sajəj), саю (saju)

→ Abaza: чай (ćaj)

→ Abkhaz: ачаи (ačaj)

→ Avar: чай (čaj)

→ Bezhta: чай (čaj)

→ Chechen: чай (čaj)

→ Chuvash: чей (čej)

→ Erzya: чай (čaj)

→ Finnish: tsaiju, saikka

→ Georgian: ჩაი (čai)

→ Ingrian: caaju, caju, cääjy

→ Ingush: чай (čaj)

→ Kabardian: шай (šaj)

→ Kildin Sami: ча̄йй (čājj)

→ Lezgi: чай (čaj)

⇒ Livvi: čuaju

→ Moksha: чай (čaj)

→ Romanian: ceai

→ Skolt Sami: čeei, čee

→ Slovak: čaj

→ Tabasaran: чай (čaj)

→ Ukrainian: чай (čaj)

→ Udmurt: чай (ćaj)

→ Upper Sorbian: čaj

→ Veps: čai

→ Votic: tšaaju

→ Yakut: чэй (cey)

→ Yup'ik: caayuq

Borrowed from Turkic (compare Turkish çay), from Chinese 茶 (chá).

ани́совый чай

кирпи́чный чай

кита́йский чай

цвето́чный чай

цейло́нский чай

кре́пкий чай

сла́бый чай

сла́дкий чай

стака́н ча́ю

ча́шка ча́я

пригласи́ть кого́-то на ча́шку ча́я

Да́йте мне, пожа́луйста, кило́ ча́ю.

tea (in all senses: the drink, the plant, the dried leaves, or tea-drinking)


hwy

From Proto-Northern Jê *py (“achiote”) < Proto-Cerrado *pyj’ (“achiote”).


zest

en-noun

zest (countable and uncountable, plural zests)

(slang, LGBTQ, derogatory) State of being effeminate or a flamboyant homosexual.


pine

pine (countable and uncountable, plural pines)

From Middle English pyne, from Latin pīnus, from Proto-Indo-European *peyH- (“sap, juice”). Cognate with Sanskrit पितु (pitu, “sap, juice, resin”). Doublet of pinus. Related to fat.

cog

The northern slopes were covered mainly in pine.

I stumbled along through the young pines and huckleberry bushes. Pretty soon I struck into a sort of path that, I cal'lated, might lead to the road I was hunting for. It twisted and turned, and, the first thing I knew, made a sudden bend around a bunch of bayberry scrub and opened out into a big clear space like a lawn.

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

Sepia Delft tiles surrounded the fireplace, their crudely drawn Biblical scenes in faded cyclamen blending with the pinkish pine, while above them, instead of a mantelshelf, there was an archway high enough to form a balcony with slender balusters and a tapestry-hung wall behind.

1963, Margery Allingham, “Miss Thyrza’s Chair”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC, page 41:

(countable, uncountable) Any coniferous tree of the genus Pinus.

(countable) Any tree (usually coniferous) which resembles a member of this genus in some respect.

grantræ

tree which resembles pine in some respect

"[…] I bought a pine-apple at the same time, which I gave to Sambo. Let's have it for tiffin; very cool and nice this hot weather." Rebecca said she had never tasted a pine, and longed beyond everything to taste one.

1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC:

Linda carried the oysters in one hand and the pineapple in the other. […] [S]he put the bottle of oysters and the pine on a little carved chair.

1918 June, Katherine Mansfield [pseudonym; Kathleen Mansfield Murry], “Prelude”, in Bliss and Other Stories, London: Constable & Company, published 1920, →OCLC, chapter 7, pages 38–39:

(archaic except Caribbean, Guyana, South Africa, Australia) A pineapple.

I'll be behind the pine slinging your favorite cold ones, so come and see me!

(uncountable, colloquial) A counter or bartop.


pine

en-verb

pine (third-person singular simple present pines, present participle pining, simple past and past participle pined)

pines (present singular third-person)
pining (participle present)
pined (participle past)
pined (past)

From Middle English pinen, from Old English pīnian (“to torment”), from Proto-Germanic *pīnōną, from Proto-Germanic *pīnō (“pain, torment, torture”), from the noun (see above). Cognate with German peinigen (“to torment, torture”), Icelandic pína (“to torment”).

der

Why pine not I, and die in this distress?

c. 1589–1590 (date written), Christopher Marlo[we], edited by Tho[mas] Heywood, The Famous Tragedy of the Rich Iew of Malta. […], London: […] I[ohn] B[eale] for Nicholas Vavasour, […], published 1633, →OCLC, Act I:

[T]hou mayſt know / What miſerie th' inabſtinence of Eve / Shall bring on men. Immediately a place / Before his eyes appeard, ſad, noyſom, dark, / A Lazar-houſe it ſeemd, wherein were laid / Numbers all diſeas'd, […] / […] / Dæmoniac Phrenzie, moaping Melancholie / And Moon-ſtruck madneſs, pining Atrophie, / Maraſmus and wide-waſting Peſtilence.

1674, John Milton, “Book XI”, in Paradise Lost. […], 2nd edition, London: […] S[amuel] Simmons […], →OCLC, pages 299–300:

This night shall see the gaudy wreath decline, The roses wither and the lilies pine.

170?, Thomas Tickell, To a Lady; With a Present of Flowers:

Long lay the world in sin and error pining / Till He appear’d and the soul felt its worth

1855, John Sullivan Dwight (translator), “Oh Holy Night”, as printed in 1871, Adolphe-Charles Adam (music), “Cantique de Noël”, G. Schirmer (New York), originally by Placide Cappeau de Roquemaure, 1847

The way the story went was that the man's foot healed up all right but that he just pined away.

1994, Walter Dean Myers, The Glory Field, →ISBN, page 29:

Before I pine away (Pine away)

2001 May 15, Tool (lyrics and music), “Reflection” (track 11), in Lateralus:

(intransitive) To languish; to lose flesh or wear away through distress.


clove

en-noun

clove (countable and uncountable, plural cloves)

From Middle English clove, an alteration of earlier clowe, borrowed from the first component of Old French clou (de girofle) (modern French clou de girofle), from Latin clāvus (“nail”) for its shape. Also see clāva (“knotty branch, club”). Doublet of clou and clavus.

(uncountable, countable) A very pungent aromatic spice, the unexpanded flower bud of the clove tree.

Syzygium aromaticum
Syzygium aromaticum#Translingual

(countable) A clove tree, of the species Syzygium aromaticum (syn. Caryophyllus aromaticus), native to the Moluccas (Indonesian islands), which produces the spice.


clove

From Middle English clove, from Old English clufu, from Proto-West Germanic *klubu, from Proto-Germanic *klubō, related to clēofan (“to cleave, split”), hence with the verbal etymology hereafter.

clove of garlic, garlic clove, clove of a sea-onion, clove of shallot, cloves of bulbs

(horticulture, cooking) One of the small bulbs formed in the axils of the scales of a large bulb.

до́лька f (dólʹka, literally “segment”) (чеснока́)


clove

Borrowed from Dutch klove (now kloof). Doublet of kloof.

(geography) A narrow valley with steep sides, used in areas of North America first settled by the Dutch


gad

cedar or juniper tree, especially Juniperus deppeana.


nocciolo

Probably derived from Latin nucleus (perhaps the variant form nuculeus), from nux (“nut”), or from the diminutive nucleolus; alternatively from nuceu(m), nuceus (“of nuts”), with influence from nocciola. Compare Sicilian nòzzulu.

uxi

il nòcciolo di un'albicocca ― an apricot kernel


pomegranate

/ˈpɒmɪ(ˌ)ɡɹænɪt/

/ˈpɑmɪˌɡɹænɪt/

/ˈpɑməˌɡɹænət/

/ˈpɑmˌɡɹænət/

The noun is derived from Middle English pome-garnet, pome-garnete, pome garnate, pome granat, pome-granate (“pomegranate fruit; pomegranate tree; pomegranate seeds (?)”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman pome gernate, pomme gernette, Middle French pomme granade, pomme granate, pomme grenade, and Old French pome grenade, pome grenate, pomme grenate [and other forms] (modern French grenade), probably from Italian pomogranato, pomo granato (though apparently first attested later), and then either:
* from Italian pomo (“fruit, pome; apple”) + Latin (mālum) grānātum, (mālo)grānātum (“pomegranate”); or
* directly from Medieval Latin pōmum garnātum, pōmum grānātum (“pomegranate”), from Latin pōmum (“fruit; fruit tree”) + grānātum (“pomegranate”). Pōmum is possibly ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₂po-h₁ém-os (“taken off”) (in the sense of being picked off a plant), from *h₂epó (“away; off”) + *h₁em- (“to distribute; to take”); while grānātum is derived from grānātus (“having many grains or seeds”), from grānum (“grain, seed, small kernel”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵerh₂- (“to mature, grow old”) + *-nós (suffix forming verbal adjectives)) + -ātus (suffix forming adjectives indicating the possession of a quality or thing from nouns).
The adjective is derived from the noun.

nb...

(Late Middle English) bamegarnade, (Middle English) pomegarnade, pome-garnade, pomegarnard, pome-garnard, pomegarnarde, pomegarnat, pome-garnat, pomegarnate, pome-garnate, pomegarned, pome-garned, pomegarnet, pomegarnete, pomegernade, pome-gernade, pomegernat, pome-gernat, pomegranarde, pome-granarde, pomegranate, pomegyrnat, pomgarnad, pomgarnade, pomgarnat, pomgarnate, pomgarnet, pomgarnett, pomgernad, pommegarnat, pommegarnet, pomogarnard, pongarnet, poomgarnet, poomgernett, poumbegarnet, poumegarnate, poumegarnet, poumegarnete, poumgarnet, poumgrene, poummegarnade, poungarnard, poungarned, poungarnet, poungarnett, pounkarnet, povmegarnat, powmbegarnet, powmegarnate, powmgarnet, powmgarnett, powngarned, powngarnet, poun-garnette, pumgarnade, pumgarnarde, pumgranat, pumgranate, pummegarnet, pungarnet

der

(Australia, colloquial, derogatory, obsolete) A person of British descent, especially one who has (recently) immigrated to Australia; a pom, a pommy.


budda

en-noun

budda (usually uncountable, plural buddas)

Eremophila mitchellii, a sandalwood-like plant native to Australia.


fetid

en-adj

fetid (comparative more fetid, superlative most fetid)

more fetid (comparative)
most fetid (superlative)

Borrowed from Latin fētidus (“having offensive odour”), originally fēteō (“to stink”).

bor+

I caught the fetid odor of dirty socks.

[…] this room, where misfortune seems to ooze, where speculation lurks in corners, and of which Madame Vauquer inhales the warm, fetid air without being nauseated.

1878, Henry James, “Honoré de Balzac”, in French Poets and Novelists, London: Macmillan, II, p. 122:


balm

en-noun

balm (countable and uncountable, plural balms)

→ Welsh: balm

BOM (for many speakers with the father-bother merger)

From Middle English bawme, from Anglo-Norman and Middle French baume, from Old French basme, from Latin balsamum, itself from Ancient Greek βάλσαμον (bálsamon). Spelling modified 16th c. to conform to Latin etymology. Doublet of balsam and desman.

Any of various aromatic resins exuded from certain plants, especially trees of the genus Commiphora of Africa, Arabia and India and Myroxylon of South America.


mazer

mazer (countable and uncountable, plural mazers)

From Middle English maser, mazer, masere, from Anglo-Norman mazer, Old French mazre (“a kind of maple wood”), from Frankish *masur, from Proto-Germanic *masuraz, cognate with Old High German masar (German Maser (“spot”)), Icelandic mösurr (“maple”).
It has been suggested that the English word might instead come from Old English *mæser, *maser (suggested by a putative derivative mæseren), but the evidence for this is slight and disputed.

cog

(obsolete) The maple tree, or maple wood.


basil

en-noun

basil (usually uncountable, plural basils)

→ Indonesian: basil

Inherited from Middle English basile, from Middle French basile, from Old French basile, from Medieval Latin basilicum, from Ancient Greek βασιλικόν (basilikón, “royal”), from βασιλεύς (basileús, “king”). Doublet of basilic, basilicon, and basilicum; further related to basileus, basilean, and basileiolatry.

doublet

Ocimum basilicum
Ocimum basilicum#Translingual


nana

nána (canonical feminine)
на́на (Cyrillic)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish نعنع (nane), from Arabic نَعْنَع (naʕnaʕ), نَعْنَاع (naʕnāʕ).


babie lato

babie lato (nominative singular)
babie lata (nominative plural)
babiego lata (genitive singular)
babich lat (genitive plural)
babiemu latu (dative singular)
babim latom (dative plural)
babie lato (accusative singular)
babie lata (accusative plural)
babim latem (instrumental singular)
babimi latami (instrumental plural)
babim lecie (locative singular)
babich latach (locative plural)
babie lato (singular vocative)
babie lata (plural vocative)

(idiomatic) Indian summer (stretch of warm days in autumn)

(obsolete) any plant of the genus Chamaenerion, e.g. willowherb, fireweed


bay

From Middle English baye, baie, from Old English beġ (“berry”), as in beġbēam (“berry-tree”), conflated with Old French baie, from Latin bāca (“berry”).

Laurus nobilis
Laurus nobilis#Translingual

Laurus nobilis, a tree or shrub of the family Lauraceae, having dark green leaves and berries.


limón

Attested since 1457 (limõ (“lemon tree”)). From Andalusian Arabic, from Arabic لَيْمُون (laymūn), from Persian لیمو (limu), لیمون (limun), from Sanskrit निम्बू (nimbū).


bira

desctree

Middle High German: bir, bire, pir
Alemannic German: Biire
Bavarian: Birn
German: Birne
→ Estonian: pirn
→ Kashubian: birna
Hunsrik: Bern
Luxembourgish: Bir
Vilamovian: biyn
Yiddish: באַר (bar)

Monastic borrowing from Medieval Latin pira. The earlier Proto-West Germanic *peru would have yielded Old High German *phera.


althea

Any of several plants of the genus Althaea; the hollyhocks and mallows, native to Eurasia.


biota

From New Latin biota, from Ancient Greek βιοτή (biotḗ), from βίος (bíos).

Although the broad macroevolutionary consequences of mass extinctions are well known (as in the dinosaurs-mammals changeover), their long-term effects on the temporal and spatial dynamics of clades and biotas are rarely investigated.

2009 February 6, Andrew Z. Krug et al., “Signature of the End-Cretaceous Mass Extinction in the Modern Biota”, in Science, volume 323, number 5915, →DOI, pages 767–771:

(ecology) The living organisms of a region.


cowpea

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata#Translingual

Any of the plants in the species Vigna unguiculata, including the black-eyed pea.


cohosh

en-noun

cohosh (countable and uncountable, plural cohoshes)

From an Algonquian word meaning "rough", probably Eastern Abenaki / Penobscot *kkwὰhas. Compare Massachusett kushki (“(it is) rough”). Compare English cocash.

A perennial American herb (Caulophyllum thalictroides), the rough rootstock of which is used in medicine.


betony

betony (countable and uncountable, plural betonies)

From Middle English betayny, betanie, from Medieval Latin betōnia (possibly through Old French), from Latin betōnica or ve(t)tōnica, from Vettones, a people in Lusitania. Compare French bétoine.

Stachys officinalis
Stachys officinalis#Translingual

Stachys officinalis (syn. Betonica officinalis, an herb used in traditional European medicine.

(Canada, US) Any plant of the genus Pedicularis (louseworts).


bluet

From French bleuet, diminutive of bleu (“blue”).

Any of several different plants, from several genera, having bluish flowers.

Centaurea, a plant genus in the family Asteraceae


coleus

From the genus name translingual Coleus, from Latin coleus, from Ancient Greek κολεός (koleós, “sheath”) in reference to the manner in which the stamens are united.

копривка

plant with bright-colored or variegated leaves

Any of certain plants in the mint family, many used as ornamentals for their colorful, variegated leaves, sometime included in genus Plectranthus (spurflowers), sometimes in their own genus Coleus,

especially, Plectranthus scutellarioides, also known as Coleus scutellarioides and Coleus blumei.


anise

anise (countable and uncountable, plural anises)

From Middle English anys, borrowed from Old French anis, from Latin anīsum, from Ancient Greek ἄνισον (ánison), from Egyptian jnst.

[…] of the butcherbirds which were perched on the electric wires skirting the road must be nesting birds, and that in the absence of trees or brush they must be nesting in some of the weeds along the highway, mostly anise (Foeniculum vulgare).

1934, The Gull (Golden Gate Audubon Society), volumes 16-29, page 25

Foeniculum vulgare
Foeniculum vulgare#Translingual

(US, often qualified as "sweet anise" or "wild anise") Fennel, Foeniculum vulgare.


dammer

From Middle English dammer, dammar, equivalent to dam + -er.


balsa

balsa (countable and uncountable, plural balsas)

→ Irish: balsa

Borrowed from Spanish balsa, from a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia, probably Basque [Term?] or Iberian [Term?]. Not related to balsam.

A raft or float, used principally on the Pacific coast of South America.


balsa

balsowy (adjective)
balsa (nominative singular)
balsy (nominative plural)
balsy (genitive singular)
bals (genitive plural)
balsie (dative singular)
balsom (dative plural)
balsę (accusative singular)
balsy (accusative plural)
balsą (instrumental singular)
balsami (instrumental plural)
balsie (locative singular)
balsach (locative plural)
balso (singular vocative)
balsy (plural vocative)

Ochroma pyramidale
Wikispecies:Ochroma pyramidale


haw

From Middle English hawe, from Old English haga (“enclosure, hedge”), from Proto-Germanic *hagô (compare West Frisian haach, Dutch haag, German Hag (“hedged farmland”), Norwegian Bokmål hage (“garden”)), from Proto-Indo-European *kagʰom (compare Welsh cae (“field”), Latin caulae (“sheepfold, enclosure”), cohum (“strap between plowbeam and yoke”), Russian кош (koš, “tent”), коша́ра (košára, “sheepfold”), Sanskrit कक्ष (kakṣa, “curtain wall”)), from *kagʰ- 'to catch, grasp' (compare Welsh cau (“to clasp”), Oscan kahad (“may he seize”).


haw

haw (countable and uncountable, plural haws)

Late Middle English (denoting a discharge from the eye), of uncertain origin. Perhaps related to Etymology 2 above, describing a berry.

nictitating membrane
nictitating membrane

(countable, anatomy) The third eyelid, or nictitating membrane.

(uncountable) A disease of the nictitating membrane.


gumbo

gumbo (countable and uncountable, plural gumbos)

Borrowed from Louisiana French gombo, possibly via Louisiana Creole gombo, from Kimbundu ingombo, plural of kingombo (“okra”); compare Portuguese quingombó.

(countable) A soup or stew popular in Louisiana, consisting of a strong stock, meat or shellfish, a thickener (often okra), and the "Holy Trinity" of celery, bell peppers, and onions.


bor

bȏr (canonical masculine)
бо̑р (Cyrillic)
bor (nominative singular)
borovi (nominative plural)
bora (genitive singular)
borova (genitive plural)
boru (dative singular)
borovima (dative plural)
bor (accusative singular)
borove (accusative plural)
bore (singular vocative)
borovi (plural vocative)
boru (locative singular)
borovima (locative plural)
borom (instrumental singular)
borovima (instrumental plural)


bor

bȍr (canonical inanimate masculine)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
bòr (nominative singular)
bôra (dual nominative)
bôri (nominative plural)
bôra (genitive singular)
bôrov (dual genitive)
bôrov (genitive plural)
bôru (dative singular)
bôroma (dative dual)
bôrom (dative plural)
bòr (accusative singular)
bôra (accusative dual)
bôre (accusative plural)
bôru (locative singular)
bôrih (dual locative)
bôrih (locative plural)
bôrom (instrumental singular)
bôroma (dual instrumental)
bôri (instrumental plural)


kudzu

kudzu (usually uncountable, plural kudzus)

From Japanese 葛(くず) (kuzu). The spelling kudzu (instead of kuzu) is due to historical transliteration methods of Japanese into English (compare adzuki).

By 2020, droughts and other extreme weather will be commonplace. By 2040, the Sahara will be moving into Europe, and Berlin will be as hot as Baghdad. Atlanta will end up a kudzu jungle.

2007 November 1, Jeff Goodell, “James Lovelock, the Prophet”, in Rolling Stone:

Walled off communities, private jets, private security details are spreading like kudzu around the world.

2011 August 31, Ashley Dawson, “Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor: An Interview with Rob Nixon”, in Social Text:

All the author’s familiar trademarks are here: […] shaggy-dog plotlines sprouting everywhere, like kudzu; […]

2013 September 10, Michiko Kakutani, “A Calamity Tailor-Made for Internet Conspiracy Theories”, in New York Times:

Pueraria montana var. lobata#Translingual

Pueraria lobata
Pueraria lobata#Translingual

An Asian vine (several species in the genus Pueraria, but mostly Pueraria montana var. lobata, syn. Pueraria lobata in the US), grown as a root starch, and which is a notorious invasive weed in the United States.


holm

From Middle English holm, holme, from Old English holm (“wave, ocean, water, sea, islet”) and Old Norse holmr, holmi (“islet”), both from the Proto-Germanic *hulmaz (“rising ground, hill, island”), from Proto-Indo-European root *kelH- (“to rise, be elevated, be prominent; hill”). Cognate with Old Saxon holm, Middle Low German holm, German Holm, Middle Dutch holm, Danish holm, Swedish holme, Norwegian Bokmål holme, Icelandic hólmur.

der

(dialect, chiefly West Yorkshire(?), Scotland, Orkney) Any small island, but especially one near a larger island or the mainland, sometimes with holly bushes; an islet. Often the word is used in Norse-influenced place-names.

Rich flat land near a river, prone to being completely flooded; a river-meadow; bottomland.


holm

From Middle English holm, holme, alteration of Middle English holin (“holly”). Doublet of hollin and holly.

The fruitfull Oliue, and the Platane round, / The caruer Holme, the Maple, ſeeldom inward ſound.

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto I”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, page 5:

A common evergreen oak of Europe, Quercus ilex; the holm oak.


gaiter

Borrowed from French guêtre, from Middle French guiestres, guestes pl, from Old French *gueste, from Frankish *wastiju, from Proto-Germanic *wastijō (“garment; dress”).
Cognate with Middle High German wester (“a child's chrisom-cloth”), Middle High German westebarn (“godchild”), Old English wæstling (“a coverlet”), Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌹 (wasti, “garment; dress”).

cog

[He] stood and pulled up the gaiter around his neck to mask his mouth and nose. “People are careful around here, so you'll want to put your mask on,” she told Perry.

2022 June 14, D. Jackson Leigh, Forever Comes in Threes, Bold Strokes Books Inc, →ISBN:


lima

Borrowed from Arabic لِيمَة (līma), from Persian لیمو (līmū).


lima

lima (nominative singular)
limy (nominative plural)
limy (genitive singular)
lim (genitive plural)
limie (dative singular)
limom (dative plural)
limę (accusative singular)
limy (accusative plural)
limą (instrumental singular)
limami (instrumental plural)
limie (locative singular)
limach (locative plural)
limo (singular vocative)
limy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Spanish lima, from Andalusian Arabic لِيمَة (lima), from Arabic لَيْمُون (laymūn, “lemon, lime”), from Persian لیمو (lēmō, līmū).


alder

Inherited from Middle English aldre, alder, aller, from Old English alor, from Proto-West Germanic *aluʀu, from Proto-Germanic *aluz, *alusō, *alizō, *alisō.

inh

I’ve known ere now an interfering branch / Of alder catch my lifted axe behind me. / But that was in the woods, to hold my hand / From striking at another alder’s roots, / And that was, as I say, an alder branch.

1923 October, Robert Frost, “[Notes.] The Axe-helve.”, in New Hampshire […], New York, N.Y.: Henry Holt and Company, →OCLC, page 37:

Have a tree or two the witches particularly like, such as the alder, larch, cypress and hemlock; then, to counteract any possible evil effects, there must be a holly, yew, hazel, elder, mountain ash or juniper.

1940, Rosetta E. Clarkson, Green Enchantments: The Magic Spell of Gardens, The Macmillan Company, page 273:

That's what the tiercel was doing when I found him again in the alder.

1967, J. A. Baker, The Peregrine, page 40:

Any of several trees or shrubs of the genus Alnus, belonging to the birch family.


loquat

Japan Mespilus, or Loquat.

1811, William Aiton, Hortus Kewensis; or, A catalogue of the plants cultivated in the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew, volume 3:

As far as the eye can see, one observes nothing but loquat orchards growing luxuriantly on the low, rich land, where the roots never suffer from lack of water.

1915, Ira Judson Condit, The Loquat, page 254:

I climbed up into the loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) tree in our backyard to think.

2009, Howard Camner, Turbulence at 67 Inches: The Autobiography, page 61:

Eriobotrya japonica
Eriobotrya japonica#Translingual

Any of species Eriobotrya japonica of trees (Japanese medlar, Chinese plum, Japanese plum).


jujube

From Middle English jujube, from Medieval Latin jujuba or Old French jujube, perhaps via Old Occitan from Classical Latin zīzyphum, zīzyphus, from Ancient Greek ζίζυφον (zízuphon)․ First attested in the 14th century.

The sweet and edible drupes (fruits) of several Mediterranean and African species of small trees.

Ziziphus jujuba
Ziziphus jujuba#Translingual

Ziziphus zizyphus
Ziziphus zizyphus#Translingual

A fruit-bearing tree, Ziziphus jujuba or Ziziphus zizyphus.

The fruit of this tree, fructus jujubae.

Ziziphus mauritiana
Ziziphus mauritiana#Translingual

A fruit-bearing tree, Ziziphus mauritiana.

(Canada, US) A type of candy; specific type varies by country.


medlar

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-medlar.wav

From Middle English medler, medeler, from Old French medler, meslier, from medle, mesdle (“medlar fruit”), from Latin mespilum, from Ancient Greek μέσπιλον (méspilon). Related to the rare mesple, via Proto-West Germanic *mespilā.

Any tree of the genus Mespilus, now Crataegus sect. Mespilus, including many species now in other genera.

Any of several similar trees that bear similar fruit:

Mediterranean medlar or azarole (Crataegus azarolus: family Rosaceae).

Mediterranean medlar
Mediterranean medlar

Crataegus azarolus
Crataegus azarolus#Translingual

Japanese medlar or loquat (Eriobotrya japonica: family Rosaceae).

The fruit of such trees, similar to small apples:

Especially that of Crataegus sect. Mespilus, not eaten until it has begun to decay, or more specifically, to blet.


legume

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-legume.wav

Borrowed from French légume, from Latin legūmen (“bean”). Doublet of legumen.

(botany) Any of a large family (Fabaceae, syn. Leguminosae) of dicotyledonous herbs, shrubs, and trees having fruits that are legumes or loments, bearing nodules on the roots that contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and including important food and forage plants (as peas, beans, or clovers).


legume

From Old Galician-Portuguese legume (Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin legūmen.

et darmos ende cada anno por vosso mayordomo, a que devemos a proveer mentre coller o pan et o vinno, meo de vinno et de noçes, de castanas, de peros, de legumia, et de çhousa, et de lino et de triigo, et de sirgo, et de gaado mayor et de cuba se o vendermos, et terça de çeveyra et de millio, et dorgio, et levarmolo todo por nos a vossa grangia dAmbas Mestas

1285, Miguel Romaní Martínez (ed.), La colección diplomática de Santa María de Oseira (1025-1310). Santiago: Tórculo Edicións, page 1114

and so we should give each year to your steward, whom we should provide as he is taking the bread and the wine, half of wine and of walnuts, of chestnuts, of peers, of legume, of the products of the garden, of flax, of wheat, of silk, of oxen, of sold wine; and a third of fodder, of millet, of barley; and we should deliver all of it at your farm of Ambas Mestas

oyto fanegas de ligoyma entre fuas et eruellas

1291, E. Cal Pardo, editor, Colección diplomática medieval do arquivo da catedral de Mondoñedo, Santiago: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 78:

eight fanegas of legume, both beans and peas

legume (the fruit or seed of leguminous plants (as peas or beans) used for food)


kapok

en-noun

kapok (countable and uncountable, plural kapoks)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-kapok.wav

Borrowed from Malay kapuk (“silky fibre from the silk-cotton tree; Ceiba pentandra”).

bor

The moon came out of hiding and for a moment Jerry forgot his anxiety as a little grey-clad figure, small and sturdy [...], in a kapok coat and bulging proletarian cap, lowered himself over the side and leapt for the waiting arms of the sampan's crew.

1977, John Le Carré, The Honourable Schoolboy, Folio Society, published 2010, page 492:

You can stuff them full of kapok to make a decent cushion and there is nothing better to carry frogs in.

1985, Peter Carey, Illywhacker, Faber & Faber, published 2003, page 39:

A still summer night a world away in a house that smells of cactus and dust and musty kapok.

2014 [1993], Tim Winton, Land's Edge, Picador, page 15:

Ceiba pentandra
Ceiba pentandra#Translingual

A silky fibre obtained from seed pods of the silk-cotton tree (Ceiba pentandra) used for insulation and stuffing for mattresses, pillows, etc.

加薄棉

ka-po̍k-mî, ka-po̍h-mî, ka-poah-mî, ka-poh-mî

A cotton tree, Malabar silk-cotton tree, or red silk-cotton tree (Bombax ceiba).


kapok

(rare) the kapok tree or silk-cotton tree (Ceiba pentandra)


brad

Possibly borrowed from Old Albanian *bradh (modern bredh), or alternatively a substrate cognate of it, and ultimately from an Indo-European source either way (a borrowing directly from modern Albanian would have presumably produced a form *brez).


brad

brazi (plural)
brad (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
bradul (accusative definite nominative singular)
brazi (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
brazii (accusative definite nominative plural)
brad (indefinite singular)
bradului (definite singular)
brazi (indefinite plural)
brazilor (definite plural)
bradule (singular vocative)
brazilor (plural vocative)

Possibly borrowed from Old Albanian *bradh (modern Albanian bredh), or alternatively a substrate cognate of it, and ultimately from an Indo-European source either way (a borrowing directly from modern Albanian would have presumably produced a form *brez).
Another theory suggests that it was reformed analogically from the plural brazi, and that the original form was *braz (reinterpreted as a plural, modeled on plurals such as coadă > cozi, pradă > prăzi, surd, > surzi). See also the Romanian alpine toponyms containing Breaza, which may correspond to the Albanian plural form bredha. Compare also Aromanian brad.


hurtle

Possibly a clipping of hurtleberry, from Middle English hurtil-beri (“bilberry or blue whortleberry (Vaccinium myrtillus); berry of this shrub”); further etymology unknown, compare Middle English horten, hurten (“bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus)”), and Old English horte (“bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus)”).

cog

Vaccinia nigra, the blacke VVhortle, or Hurtle, is a baſe and lovve tree, or vvoodie plant, bringing foorth many branches of a cubite high, ſet full of ſmall leaues, of a darke greene colour, […]

1597, John Gerarde [i.e., John Gerard], “Of Whortes, or Whortle berries”, in The Herball or Generall Historie of Plantes. […], London: […] Edm[und] Bollifant, for Bonham and Iohn Norton, →OCLC, book III, page 1229:

hurtleberry

(obsolete, rare) Synonym of hurtleberry or whortleberry (“any of several shrubs belonging to the genus Vaccinium; a berry of one of these shrubs”)


tupelo

From Creek topilwa < íto 'tree' + opílwa 'swamp'.

Any of several trees of the genus Nyssa which grow in swampy regions on the eastern, southern and midwestern United States.

(in particular) Nyssa multiflora, a North American tree of the dogwood family, with brilliant, glossy foliage and acid red berries.


gage

A subspecies of plum, Prunus domestica subsp. italica.


jute

en-noun

jute (countable and uncountable, plural jutes)

Corchorus olitorius
Corchorus olitorius#Translingual

The coarse, strong fibre of the East Indian plants, Corchorus olitorius and Corchorus capsularis, used to make mats, paper, gunny cloth etc.


sorb

Borrowed from Middle French sorbier (the tree), sorbe (the fruit), from Latin sorbus (the tree), sorbum (the fruit). See service tree.

Sorbus domestica
Sorbus domestica#Translingual

Any of various related trees, including the wild service tree, S. torminalis, and the rowan, S. aucuparia.

The fruit of any of these trees, especially of the service tree.


sorb

en-verb

sorb (third-person singular simple present sorbs, present participle sorbing, simple past and past participle sorbed)

sorbs (present singular third-person)
sorbing (participle present)
sorbed (participle past)
sorbed (past)

1971, E. K. Duursma, M. G. Gross, Chapter Six: Marine Sediments and Radioactivity, National Research Council (U.S.) Committee on Oceanography Panel on Radioactivity in the Marine Environment, Radioactivity in the marine environment, page 148,
In sediments with large cation exchange capacities, as calculated from the mineral composition (Duursma and Eisma, unpublished), the radionuclides were somewhat more strongly sorbed (Figure 2).

The exchange of pesticide compounds between aqueous solution and the sorbed phase in soils is not instantaneous.

2005, J. E. Barbash, “The Geochemistry of Pesticides”, in Barbara Sherwood Lollar, editor, Treatise on Geochemistry 9: Environmental Geochemistry, Second Edition, page 548:

The quantity sorbed is often found to be well represented by the combination of a compartment exhibiting linear, reversible sorption and a compartment that exhibits nonlinear and thermodynamic irreversib[l]e sorption.

2007, Danny D. Reible, “Chapter 21: Contaminant Processes in Sediments”, in Marcelo H. García, editor, Sedimentation Engineering: Processes, Management, Modeling, and Practice, page 966:


prim

en-adj

prim (comparative primmer, superlative primmest)

primmer (comparative)
primmest (superlative)

From Provençal prim (“delicate, excellent”), from Old French prim, prin, from Latin primus (“first”). Doublet of prime.

God damn it, what does she want of me, this sad, beautiful bridgeplayer of the Fifth Floor, with her air of lost love and her prim carnality?

And although Paul shares an apartment with his prim wife, aptly named Prudence, they rarely see or speak to each other.

2024 October 24, Judith Shulevitz, “Michel Houellebecq Has Some Fresh Predictions. Be Afraid.”, in The Atlantic:

prim regularity

Philemon was in great Surprize,
And hardly could believe his Eyes,
Amaz’d to ſee her look ſo prim;
And ſhe admir’d as much at him.

1708, [Jonathan Swift], “The Metamorphosis of Baucis and Philemon, Burlesqu’d; from the 8th Book of Ovid”, in Baucis and Philemon; a Poem. […], London: […] H. Hills, […], published 1709, →OCLC, page 8:

Formal; precise; affectedly neat or nice.


teasel

From Middle English tasel, tesel, from Old English tǣsel, tǣsl, from Proto-West Germanic *taisilu.

Any of several plants of the genus Dipsacus.


kola

en-noun

kola (countable and uncountable, plural kolas)

Presumably from a West African language. Compare Hausa gōr̃ò, Bambara goro, Temne kola, Mandinka kolo (“kola nut”).

A tree, genus Cola, bearing large brown seeds ("nuts") that are the source of cola extract.


kola

kola (nominative singular)
kole (nominative plural)
koli (genitive singular)
kol (genitive plural)
koli (genitive plural)
koli (dative singular)
kolom (dative plural)
kolę (accusative singular)
kole (accusative plural)
kolą (instrumental singular)
kolami (instrumental plural)
koli (locative singular)
kolach (locative plural)
kolo (singular vocative)
kole (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English cola, from a Niger-Congo language. Sense 3 is a genericized trademark of Coca-Cola.


sloe

From Middle English slo, sla, sloo, from Old English slā, slāh, from Proto-West Germanic *slaihā, from Proto-Germanic *slaihǭ, *slaihwō, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)leh₃y- (“bluish”). Doublet of Sliwa.

Any of various other plants of the genus Prunus, as a shrub or small tree, Prunus alleghaniensis, bearing dark-purple fruit.

luumu

tree of the genus Prunus bearing dark-purple fruit


pois

Haitian Creole: pwa (“bean”)

Inherited from Old French pois, from earlier peis from Latin pisum, from Ancient Greek πίσος / πίσον (písos / píson).

der

πίσος / πίσον


soy

Etymology tree
Chinese 醬油／酱油 (jiàngyóu)obor.
Japanese 醤油
Japanese そやbor.
Dutch sojabor.
English soy
1670s; borrowed from Dutch soja, from Satsuma Japanese 醤油 (そい, soi), variant of the standard Japanese 醤油 (しょうゆ, shōyu). Doublet of shoyu.

etymon

I like a little soy with my rice.

Pour in four tablespoonfuls of sherry and four tablespoonfuls of soy, as much vinegar as the jar will hold, and cover closely until wanted.

1902, Annie R. Gregory, Woman's Favorite Cookbook, page 381:

A common East Asian liquid sauce, made by subjecting boiled beans to long fermentation and then long digestion in salt and water.


spar

nl-noun

spar m (plural sparren, diminutive sparretje n)

sparren (plural)
sparretje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch sparre (“pole, beam”), from Old Dutch *sparro, from Frankish *sparro, from Proto-Germanic *sparrô. Cognate to West Frisian spjir.

spruce; certain tree of the family Pinaceae, especially of the genus Picea, but also used for trees of the genera Abies, Tsuga and Pseudotsuga