book

books (plural)
boke (alternative)
booke (alternative)

Sranan Tongo: buku

Tok Pisin: buk
→ Rotokas: vuku

→ Chichewa: buku

→ Hawaiian: puke

→ Lingala: búku

→ Malagasy: boky

→ Maori: pukapuka (with reduplication)

→ Marshallese: bok

→ Motu: buka

→ Malagasy: boky

→ Shona: bhuku

→ Somali: buugga

i

possibly also from Afrikaans <i class="Latn mention" lang="af">boek</i>

→ Sotho: buka (possibly also from Afrikaans boek)

→ Zulu: ibhuku (possibly also from Afrikaans boek)

From Middle English bok, book, from Old English bōc, from Proto-West Germanic *bōk, from Proto-Germanic *bōks. Eclipsed non-native Middle English livret, lyveret (“book, booklet”) from Old French livret (“book, booklet”). Bookmaker sense by clipping.

some speakers from Northern England and Ireland

buck (without the foot-strut split, when pronounced /bʊk/)

have more chins than a Chinese phone book

why buy a book when you can join a library

why buy a book when you can join the library

(horse racing) The list of mares that a stallion will breed in a given season.

(horse racing) A list of the races that a jockey is scheduled to ride in.


march

meirch (plural)
caseg (feminine)
march
farch (soft)

From Middle Welsh march, from Proto-Brythonic *marx, from Proto-Celtic *markos.


abattoir

desctree

→ Dutch: abattoir
→ Caribbean Hindustani: batwár
→ Indonesian: abatoar
→ Papiamentu: abatuar
→ Sranan Tongo: abatwar

→ English: abattoir

→ Moore: batoaare

→ Norwegian Bokmål: abattoir

From abattre (“to slaughter, butcher”) + -oir (suffix).

af

Cet abattoir est vaste et bien aéré.

This slaughterhouse is large and well-ventilated.

abattoir, slaughterhouse (place where animals are slaughtered)

aller à l’abattoir

envoyer à l’abattoir

(figuratively) abattoir, slaughterhouse (place or event likened to a slaughterhouse, because of great carnage or bloodshed)


馬

chữ Hán form of mã (“(xiangqi, chess) a knight; any piece labeled with 馬 (black)”).


on

From Proto-Celtic *ognos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂egʷnós (“lamb”).


acceptance

en-noun

acceptance (countable and uncountable, plural acceptances)

acceptances (plural)
acceptaunce (alternative)

* First attested in 1574. From Middle French acceptance, from Old French accepter (“accept”). Equivalent to accept + -ance.

(horse racing, Australia, New Zealand, plural only) A list of horses accepted as starters in a race.


spring

en-verb

spring (third-person singular simple present springs, present participle springing, simple past sprang or sprung, past participle sprung)

springs (present singular third-person)
springing (participle present)
sprang (past)
sprung (past)
sprung (participle past)
spring (infinitive)

From Middle English springen, from Old English springan (“to spring, leap, bounce, sprout forth, emerge, spread out”), from Proto-West Germanic *springan, from Proto-Germanic *springaną (“to burst forth”), from Proto-Indo-European *spre(n)ǵʰ- (“to move, race, spring”), from *sper- (“to jerk, twitch, snap, shove”).
Cognates
* Saterland Frisian springe
* West Frisian springe
* Dutch springen
* German Low German springen
* German springen
* Danish springe
* Swedish springa
* Norwegian springe
* Faroese springa
* Icelandic springa (“to burst, explode”).
Other possible cognates include Lithuanian spreñgti (“to push (in)”), Old Church Slavonic прѧсти (pręsti, “to spin, to stretch”), Latin spargere (“to sprinkle, to scatter”), Ancient Greek σπέρχω (spérkhō, “to hasten”), Sanskrit स्पृहयति (spṛháyati, “to be eager”). Some newer senses derived from the noun.

cog

Deer spring with their hind legs, using their front hooves to steady themselves.

...into helle spring...

c. 1250, Life of St Margaret, Trin. Col. MS B.14.39 (323), f. 22v

Ye kynge... sprange out of his chare and resseyuyd them worshipfully.

1474, William Caxton, transl., Game and Playe of the Chesse, iii, vii, 141:

...the Mountain Stag, that springs
From Height to Height, and bounds along the Plains,
Nor has a Master to restrain his Course...

...out on the lawn there arose such a clatter,
I sprang from my bed to see what was the matter.

1827, Clement Clarke Moore, (A Visit from St. Nicholas):

However, with the dainty volume my quondam friend sprang into fame. At the same time he cast off the chrysalis of a commonplace existence.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter I, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

Thus she advanced; her belly low, almost touching the surface of the ground—a great cat preparing to spring upon its prey.

1912, Edgar Rice Burroughs, chapter 5, in Tarzan of the Apes:

Reporters sprang to the conclusion that the speech would make detailed new commitments...

(figurative, usually with cardinal adverbs) To move with great speed and energy.

To move or burst forth.
To move with great speed and energy.


spring

en-noun

spring (countable and uncountable, plural springs)

Arlington Springs Man
Beijing Spring
Berber Spring
Croatian Spring
Damascus Spring
Operation Spring Awakening
Operation Spring Cleanup
Operation Spring of Youth
Prague Spring
Spring Palace
Spring of Nations
Springbal
Springfest
The Spring Offensive
spring

From Middle English spryng (“a wellspring, tide, branch, sunrise, kind of dance or blow, ulcer, snare, flock”); partly from Old English spring (“wellspring, ulcer”), from Proto-West Germanic *spring, from Proto-Germanic *springaz (“a wellspring, fount”); and partly from Old English spryng (“a jump”), from Proto-West Germanic *sprungi, from Proto-Germanic *sprungiz (“a jump”). Further senses derived from the verb and from clippings of day-spring, springtime, spring tide, etc. Its sense as the season, first attested in a work predating 1325, gradually replaced Middle English lente, lentin, from Old English lencten (“spring, Lent”) as that word became more specifically liturgical. Compare fall.

ааԥын

season between winter and summer in temperate climates

Heav'ns what a spring was in his Arm, to throw:
How high he held his Shield, and rose at ev'ry blow!

1697, John Dryden, Virgil's Aeneis, Bk. xi, ll. 437–8

Mrs Durbeyfield, excited by her song, trod the rocker with all the spring that was left in her after a long day's seething in the suds.

1891, Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d'Urbervilles, volume 1, London: James R. Osgood, McIlvaine and Co., page 30:

(uncountable) Springiness: an attribute or quality of springing, springing up, or springing back, particularly


Polish

Vinokur pulled the trigger a second and third time. "You're lying, you Polish cunt!" he screamed.

2007, Elazar Barkan, Elizabeth A. Cole, Kai Struve, Shared History, Divided Memory, page 287:

As we mentioned the only chemical used in Polish meats or sausages was potassium nitrate even though the list of food additives allowed in Europe was long and impressive.

2009, Stanley Marianski, Adam Marianski, Miroslaw Gebarowski, Polish Sausages: Authentic Recipes and Instructions, page 13:

Of, from or native to Poland, or relating to the Polish language.

pollanda

relating to inhabitants of Poland; citizens

პოლონური

relating to everything except the people


quarter

en-noun

quarter (countable and uncountable, plural quarters)

From Middle English quarter, from Anglo-Norman quarter, from Latin quartarius, from quartus. Compare Spanish cuarto (“room, quarters; quarter”). Doublet of quartier.

cog

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-quarter.wav

çerek

one of four equal parts — see also one-fourth

[A]t last she kicked right over the carriage pole and fell down, after giving me a severe blow on my near quarter.

[1877], Anna Sewell, “A Strike for Liberty”, in Black Beauty: […], London: Jarrold and Sons, […], →OCLC, part II, page 106:

(farriery) The part on either side of a horse's hoof between the toe and heel, the side of its coffin.

quartier

part on either side of a horse's hoof between toe and heel


grass

en-noun

grass (countable and uncountable, plural grasses)

Tok Pisin: gras, garas

Fiji Hindi: giraas

New York, New Orleans, Philadelphia, Baltimore

From Middle English gras, from Old English græs, from Proto-Germanic *grasą (“grass”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁- (“to grow”).
Cognates
Cognate with Scots girs, gers, gress (“grass”), North Frisian gäärs, geers (“grass”), Saterland Frisian Gäärs (“grass”), West Frisian gers (“grass”), Low German Gras (“grass”), Dutch gras (“grass, turf, pasture”), German Gras (“grass, weed”), Danish græs (“grass”), Swedish gräs (“grass”), Norwegian Bokmål gress (“grass”), Faroese, Icelandic and Norwegian Nynorsk gras (“grass”), Latin herba (“plant, weed, grass”), Albanian grath (“grass blade, spike”). Related to grow, green.
The "informer" sense is probably a shortening of grasshopper (“police officer, informant”), rhyming slang for copper (“police officer”) or shopper (“informant”); the exact sequence of derivation is unclear.

inh

the grass is always greener on the other side of the fence

the grass is always greener on the other side of the road

Thou turnest man to destruction: and sayest, Returne yee children of men. / For a thousand yeeres in thy sight are but as yesterday when it is past: and as a watch in the night. / Thou carriest them away as with a flood, they are as a sleepe: in the morning they are like grasse which groweth vp. / In the morning it flourisheth, and groweth vp: in the euening it is cut downe, and withereth.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Psalms 90:3–6:

The cicale above in the lime, / And the lizards below in the grass, / Were as silent as ever old Tmolus was, / Listening to my sweet pipings.

a. 1823 (date written), Percy Bysshe Shelley, “Hymn of Pan”, in Mary W[ollstonecraft] Shelley, editor, Posthumous Poems of Percy Bysshe Shelley, London: […] [C. H. Reynell] for John and Henry L[eigh] Hunt, […], published 1824, →OCLC, page 169:

'Twas early June, the new grass was flourishing everywheres, the posies in the yard—peonies and such—in full bloom, the sun was shining, and the water of the bay was blue, with light green streaks where the shoal showed.

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

(countable, uncountable) Any plant of the family Poaceae, characterized by leaves that arise from nodes in the stem and leaf bases that wrap around the stem, especially those grown as ground cover rather than for grain.

(uncountable, physics) Sharp, closely spaced discontinuities in the trace of a cathode-ray tube, produced by random interference.

'Have ready a hundred of ſmall graſs boiled, then ſave tops enough to ſtick the rolls with, the reſt cut ſmall and put into the cream, fill the loaves with them.'

1769, Hannah Glasse, The Art of Cookery made Plain and Easy, 9th edition, page 195:

(countable, folk etymology) Asparagus; "sparrowgrass".


grass

en-verb

grass (third-person singular simple present grasses, present participle grassing, simple past and past participle grassed)

grasses (present singular third-person)
grassing (participle present)
grassed (participle past)
grassed (past)

The Chicken himself attributed this punishment to his having had the misfortune to get into Chancery early in the proceedings, when he was severely fibbed by the Larkey one, and heavily grassed.

1846 October 1 – 1848 April 1, Charles Dickens, Dombey and Son, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1848, →OCLC:

He flew at me with his knife, and I had to grass him twice, and got a cut over the knuckles, before I had the upper hand of him.

1893, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Naval Treaty, Norton, published 2005, page 709:

(transitive) To lay out on the grass; to knock down (an opponent etc.).

(transitive) To expose, as flax, on the grass for bleaching, etc.


beer

From Middle Dutch bere, from Old Dutch bēro, from Proto-West Germanic *bair.

Bier (alternative)
bieër (alternative)
Béër (alternative)


beer

Dutch: beer

West Flemish: beir

From Old Dutch *bēr, from Proto-West Germanic *bair.


bit

From Middle English bitte, bite, from Old English bita (“bit; fragment; morsel”) and bite (“a bite; cut”), from Proto-Germanic *bitô and *bitiz; both from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyd- (“to split”). More at bite.
Cognates
Cognate with West Frisian bit, Saterland Frisian Bit, Dutch bit, German Low German Beet, Biet, German Biss and Bissen, Danish bid, Swedish bit, Icelandic biti.

der

I trusted to the Lord to be with me; and at one of our trips to St. Eustatia, a Dutch island, I bought a glass tumbler with my half bit, and when I came to Montserrat I sold it for a bit, or sixpence.

1789, Olaudah Equiano, chapter 6, in The Interesting Narrative, volume I:

Applied to a various small units of currency and coins.

(historical) A unit of currency and coin of the British West Indies worth six black dogs, originally equal to one-eighth of a Spanish dollar but later increasingly debased to one tenth, one eleventh, one twelfth, etc.

(historical) A unit of currency of the Dutch West Indies in the early 20th century, worth one fifth of a cent.


bit

head

bit (classifier duz, Sawndip forms 鴓 or 𱈶 or ⿰品鳥, 1957–1982 spelling bit)

duz (classifier)
鴓 (Sawndip)
𱈶 (Sawndip)
⿰品鳥 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *pitᴰ (“duck”).
Cognate with Thai เป็ด (bpèt), Lao ເປັດ (pet), Lü ᦵᦔᧆ (ṗed), Tai Dam ꪹꪜꪸꪒ, Shan ပဵတ်း (páet), Ahom 𑜆𑜢𑜄𑜫 (pit), Bouyei bidt, Saek ปิ๊ด.
Compare Old Chinese 鴄 (OC *pʰid), Proto-Be *ɓitᴰ¹.

cog

Lü ᦵᦔᧆ (ṗed)


be

sheep, ram, ewe, lamb; an individual of the species Ovis aries


be

lấy tay be miệng đấu khi đong đỗ

to surround the top of a measure with one's hands while measuring beans

Đong bình thường, không được be đâu đấy.

Measure it out normally; don't prop up the lip of the sack.

To prop up the lip of a sack while topping off the sack, to ensure a more generous quantity.


take

Borrowed from English turkey, named after Turkey, from Middle English Turkye, from French Turquie, Medieval Latin Turcia, from Turcus (“Turk”), from Byzantine Greek Τοῦρκος (Toûrkos), from Persian ترک (tork), from Middle Persian twlk' (Turk), from an Old Turkic autonym, Türk or Türük.


Cameroon

Fernão do Pó
Lepidophthalmus turneranus
Wouri River

Borrowed from French Cameroun, from Portuguese Rio dos Camarões (“river of prawns”), a name given to the Wouri river estuary, in 1472 by the sailors of the Portuguese explorer Fernão do Pó (a.k.a. Fernando Pó), raving about the abundance of shrimps of the species Lepidophthalmus turneranus (the Cameroon ghost shrimp) in the river; camarão itself is from Latin cammarus (“lobster”), from Ancient Greek κάμμαρος (kámmaros, “a kind of lobster or shrimp”).

der

Republic of Cameroon
w:Republic of Cameroon

A country in Central Africa. Official name: Republic of Cameroon. Capital: Yaoundé. It also claims Ambazonia.


Cameroon

A sheep of a domesticated breed from West Africa.


Cameroon

Alteration of Cameron, influenced by -oon.

He fears that in downplaying traditional Conservative causes, in changing the party to be more in tune with modern Britain, the Cameroons have in effect accepted that they won't change the country much in office.

2007 March 21, Andy Beckett, “The Cameroons”, in The Guardian:

Today, I spy a coalition outrider: Nick Boles, MP for Grantham, founder of Policy Exchange and the archetypal Cameroon ultra-modernizer. I don’t think Boles even owned a tie until he was elected to the House of Commons. That’s how much of a Cameroon the man is.

2010 September 13, Iain Martin, “Nick Boles: The Coalition’s Cameroon Outrider”, in Wall Street Journal:

Maude was a moderniser before modernity dawned in the Tory ranks, a Cameroon before David Cameron.

2012 March 30, James Chapman, “Gorgeous George and why Ed Miliband must now pray Ken Livingstone wins London”, in Daily Mail:

Mr Cameron won significantly smaller vote shares than either Theresa May or Boris Johnson. There are not many Cameroons in Britain. Outside some newspaper op-ed pages, there never were.

2023 November 13, Bagehot, “What David Cameron's return says about British politics”, in Economist:

(UK politics) A Conservative Party member with green or social liberal leanings, supporting the policies of David Cameron.


turkey

en-noun

turkey (plural turkeys or (obsolete) turkies)

turkeys (plural)
turkies (obsolete plural)
turkie (alternative)

Clipping of turkey-cock and turkey-hen (“(originally) the guinea fowl (family Numididae)”), which was imported to Europe by Turkey merchants through Turkey. The word was then applied to the larger northern American bird Meleagris gallopavo which was brought to Spain by conquistadors in 1523. This transfer of the name may have occurred because the two birds were considered similar to each other, or because the North American turkey was in part introduced through Ottoman territories, or simply to indicate that it was foreign.

like turkeys voting for an early Christmas

(countable, originally, now obsolete) The guinea fowl (family Numididae).

It was a Turkey! He never could have stood upon his legs, that bird. He would have snapped 'em short off in a minute, like sticks of sealing-wax.

1843 December 19, Charles Dickens, “Stave Five. The End of It.”, in A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, page 157:

Meleagris gallopavo
Meleagris gallopavo#Translingual

(countable) A bird in the genus Meleagris with a fan-shaped tail and wattled neck, especially the wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo, now domesticated).

ཏུར་ཀིའི་བྱ་དེ (tur ki'i bya de, literally “turkish chicken”)

ཏུར་ཀིའི་ཁྱིམ་བྱ (tur ki'i khyim bya, literally “turkish fowl”)

Alectura lathami
Alectura lathami#Translingual

Anhinga anhinga
Anhinga anhinga#Translingual

(countable) With a distinguishing word: a bird resembling the Meleagris gallopavo (for example, the brush turkey or bush turkey (Alectura lathami), and the water turkey (Anhinga anhinga)).

(countable, bowling) An act of throwing three strikes in a row.

ターキー

(bowling) act of throwing three strikes in a row

(countable, Australia, US, slang, dated) A pack carried by a lumberman; a bindle; also, a large travel bag, a suitcase.


leg up

en-verb

leg up (third-person singular simple present legs up, present participle legging up, simple past and past participle legged up)

legs up (present singular third-person)
legging up (participle present)
legged up (participle past)
legged up (past)

(transitive, equestrianism) To walk a horse on a hard surface regularly.


cow

en-noun

cow (countable and uncountable, plural cows or cattle or (archaic or dialectal) kine)

cows (plural)
cattle (plural)
kine (archaic dialectal plural)

bull

antonym(s) of “female domesticated ox or other bovine”

Sranan Tongo: kaw

Tok Pisin: kau

q

from <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">cows</i>

→ Abenaki: kaoz (from cows)

→ Maori: kau

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws
Proto-Germanic *kōz
Proto-West Germanic *kō
Old English cū
Middle English cou
English cow
Inherited from Middle English cou, cu, from Old English cū (“cow”), from Proto-West Germanic *kō, from Proto-Germanic *kōz (“cow”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cow”).
Cognate with Sanskrit गौ (gow), Ancient Greek βοῦς (boûs), Persian گاو (gâv)), Latvian govs (“cow”), Proto-Slavic *govędo (Serbo-Croatian govedo, Russian говядина (govjadina, “beef”), Scots coo (“cow”), North Frisian ko, kø (“cow”), West Frisian ko (“cow”), Dutch koe (“cow”), Low German Koh, Koo, Kau (“cow”), German Kuh (“cow”), Swedish ko (“cow”), Norwegian ku (“cow”), Icelandic kýr (“cow”), Latin bōs (“ox, bull, cow”), Armenian կով (kov, “cow”). Doublet of beef.
The plural kine is from Middle English kyne, kyn, kuin, kiin, kien (“cows”), either a double plural of Middle English ky, kye (“cows”), equivalent to modern kye + -en, or inherited from Old English cȳna (“cows', of cows”), genitive plural of cū (“cow”).

etymon

the cow knows not the worth of its tail till it loses it

why buy the cow when you can get the milk for free

Colonel Red Reeder, West Point Second Classman
An assistant manager, wearing the stripes of a cadet corporal, walked up to Coach Smith. Clint knew him, a Cow from B-l. What had he done to become so outstanding that the Tacs made him a corporal?

When I was a cow (junior) at West Point, I dated a plebe (freshman), which is considered fraternization in the cadet realm.

2023, James E Parco, David A Levy, Daphne DePorres, Attitudes Aren't Free: A Call to Action, page 242:

(US, military, slang) A third-year cadet at West Point.


black

en-adj

black (comparative blacker or more black, superlative blackest or most black)

blacker (comparative)
more black (comparative)
blackest (superlative)
most black (superlative)
blacke (alternative)
Black (alternative)
blk (alternative)
blak (alternative)

Bislama: blak

Sranan Tongo: blaka

Aukan: baaka

→ Caribbean Hindustani: blaaka

Tok Pisin: blak

Torres Strait Creole: blaik

→ Dutch: black

→ French: black

→ Greek: μπλάκης (blákis)

From Middle English blak, black, blake, from Old English blæc (“black, dark", also "ink”), from Proto-West Germanic *blak, from Proto-Germanic *blakaz (“burnt”) (compare Dutch blaken (“to burn”), Low German blak, black (“blackness, black paint, (black) ink”), Old High German blah (“black”)), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleg- (“to burn, shine”) (compare Latin flagrāre (“to burn”), Ancient Greek φλόξ (phlóx, “flame”), Sanskrit भर्ग (bharga, “radiance”)).
Sense 20 is a semantic loan from Cantonese 黑面 (hak1 min6, “to pull a long face, to scowl”).

sort

of coffee or tea, without milk or other whitener

After the election, the parties united in a black-yellow alliance.

(German politics) Related to the Christian Democratic Union of Germany.

زِنْجِيّ

relating to people with dark skin — see also dark-skinned
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musta

politics: related to the Christian Democratic Union of Germany


white

en-adj

white (comparative whiter or more white, superlative whitest or most white)

whiter (comparative)
more white (comparative)
whitest (superlative)
most white (superlative)
whight (alternative)
whyte (alternative)
whyght (alternative)
White (alternative)

Bislama: waet

Sranan Tongo: weti

Aukan: weti

Saramaccan: wéti

Tok Pisin: wait

→ Japanese: ホワイト (howaito)

white fella

⇒ Nyunga: wadjela

white gin

⇒ Gamilaraay: waatyin

⇒ Ngiyambaa: wadjiin

⇒ Wiradjuri: waajin

Inherited from Middle English whit, hwit, from Old English hwīt, from Proto-West Germanic *hwīt, from Proto-Germanic *hwītaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweydós, a byform of *ḱweytós (“bright; shine”).
Cognates
* West Frisian wyt
*Dutch wit
* German weiß
* German weiss
* Norwegian Bokmål hvit
* Norwegian Nynorsk kvit
* Lithuanian šviẽsti (“to gleam”), šviesa (“light”)
* Old Church Slavonic свѣтъ (světŭ, “light”), свѣтьлъ (světĭlŭ, “clear, bright”)
* Persian سفید (sefid, “white”), Persian سپید (sepid, “white”)
* Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀 (spaēta, “white”)
* Sanskrit श्वेत (śvetá, “white, bright”).

cog

(sometimes capitalized) By U.S. Census Bureau definition, of or relating to people hailing from Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East.


cane

Inherited from Middle French cane (“duck, female duck”, literally “loater, little boat”), from Old French cane (“boat, ship; waterbird”), from Middle Low German kane (“boat”), from Proto-Germanic *kaną (“boat, vessel”). See Proto-Germanic *kanô (“boat, vessel”). Cognate with Norwegian kane (“swan-shaped vessel”), Dutch kaan (“boat”), German Kahn (“boat”), Old Norse kæna (“little boat”), and possibly Old Norse knǫrr (“ship”) (whence also Late Latin canardus (“ship”), from Germanic; and Old English cnearr (“merchant ship”)). Related to French canot (“little boat”).


Welsh

en-noun

Welsh (countable and uncountable, plural Welsh)

Volcae
Welsh
Welsh language
Welsh people

From Middle English Walsch, Welische, from Old English wīelisċ (“Briton; Roman; Celt”), from Proto-West Germanic *walhisk, from Proto-Germanic *walhiskaz (“Celt; later Roman”), from *walhaz (“Celt, Roman”) (compare Old English wealh), from the name of the Gaulish tribe, the Volcae (recorded only in Latin contexts).
This word was borrowed from Germanic into Slavic (compare Old Church Slavonic Влахъ (Vlaxŭ, “Vlachs, Romanians”), Byzantine Greek Βλάχος (Blákhos)).
Doublet of Vellish. Compare Walloon, walnut, Vlach, Walach, Gaul, Cornwall.

cog

9 minutes to 2. We just stopped to have our horses' mouths washed, and there all people spoke welsh.

1832, Queen Victoria, journal, 6 Aug 1832


Welsh

A town in Louisiana, United States, named for early landowner Henry Welsh.

An unincorporated community in Ohio, United States, named for an early settler.


chook

From Irish English chuck (call made to poultry or pigs), from Irish tsiug, tsiuc. Compare English buck buck.

Worm chickens once every three months and, if an occasional lice problem occurs, spray the inside of the chook shed with Coopex.

2005, Don Burke, The Complete Burke′s Backyard: The Ultimate Book of Fact Sheets, page 683:

2006, Judith Brett, The Chook in the Australian Unconscious, in Peter Beilharz, Robert Manne, Reflected Light: La Trobe Essays, page 329,
This little book, with its meticulous pencil drawings of chooks in mechanical contraptions and photos to show the machine in operation with a white leghorn called Gregory Peck, is evidence of both the sadism inspired by the chook′s comparatively flightless fate and the laughter we use to defend ourselves against the knowledge of that sadism.

She decided to dig her way under the fence into their chook house and had great fun running around and biting the necks of about eight chooks and leaving them half-dead and bleeding. The neighbour was furious, and unfortunately it was Dad′s birthday, so when he arrived home from work, Mum said ‘Happy birthday and^([sic]) darling. Guess what? Your dog has half-killed most of the neighbour′s chooks.

2011, Helen Maczkowiack, An Awkward Fit, page 21:

(Australia, New Zealand, informal) A chicken, especially a hen.

(Australia, New Zealand, informal) A cooked chicken; a chicken dressed for cooking.

(Northern England) Affectionate name for a person

Chooky egg ― Chicken's egg.


cock

en-noun

cock (countable and uncountable, plural cocks)

Sranan Tongo: kaka

Tok Pisin: kok

→ Thai: ก๊อก (gɔ́k, “tap”)

From Middle English cok, from Old English coc, cocc (“cock, male bird”), from Proto-West Germanic *kokk, from Proto-Germanic *kukkaz (“cock”), probably of onomatopoeic origin.
Cognate with Middle Dutch cocke (“cock, male bird”) and Old Norse kokkr ("cock"; whence Danish kok (“cock”), dialectal Swedish kokk (“cock”)). Reinforced by Old French coc, also of imitative origin. The sense "penis" is attested since at least the 1610s, with the compound pillicock (“penis”) attested since 1325.

onomatopoeic

onomatopoeic


hand

From Middle English hond, hand, from Old English hand, from Proto-West Germanic *handu, from Proto-Germanic *handuz.
See also Dutch and Swedish hand (“hand”), Danish hånd, German Hand, West Frisian hân). Perhaps compare Old Swedish hinna (“to gain”), Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌰-𐌷𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌰𐌽 (fra-hinþan, “to take captive, capture”); and Latvian sīts (“hunting spear”), Ancient Greek κεντέω (kentéō, “prick”), Albanian çandër (“pitchfork, prop”).

handvol

that which is, or may be, held in a hand at once

hand

set of cards held by a player in a card game

a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush

catch someone with a hand in the cookie jar

close only counts in horseshoes and hand grenades

give with one hand and take away with the other

one can't hold two watermelons in one hand

talk to the hand 'cause the face ain't listening

the hand that rocks the cradle is the hand that rules the world

the hand that rocks the cradle rules the world

the left hand doesn't know what the right hand is doing

That which resembles, or to some extent performs the office of, a human hand.

An index or pointer on a dial; such as the hour and minute hands on the face of an analog clock, which are used to indicate the time of day.

wyster

index or pointer on a dial, such as on an analogue/analog clock

Large farms need many farm hands.

But a Dictionary of this ſort, containing, as it were, a Natural Hiſtory, requires too many hands, as well as too much time, coſt, pains, and ſagacity, ever to be hoped for; and till that be done, we muſt content our ſelves with ſuch Definitions of the Names of Subſtances, as explain the ſenſe Men uſe them in.

1689 (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding. […], London: […] Eliz[abeth] Holt, for Thomas Basset, […], →OCLC, book III, page 259:

For this scene, a large number of supers are engaged, and in order to further swell the crowd, practically all the available stage hands have to ‘walk on’ dressed in various coloured dominoes, and all wearing masks.

1904–1905, Baroness Orczy [i.e., Emma Orczy], “The Affair at the Novelty Theatre”, in The Case of Miss Elliott, London: T[homas] Fisher Unwin, published 1905, →OCLC; republished as popular edition, London: Greening & Co., 1909, OCLC 11192831, quoted in The Case of Miss Elliott (ebook no. 2000141h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg of Australia, February 2020:

(especially in compounds) An agent; a servant, or manual laborer; a workman, trained or competent for special service or duty.

matroos

servant, laborer, workman, trained for special duty; a performer

(historical) A Native American gambling game, involving guessing the whereabouts of bits of ivory or similar, which are passed rapidly from hand to hand.


prick

From Middle English prik, prikke, from Old English prica, pricu (“a sharp point, minute mark, spot, dot, small portion, prick”), from Proto-West Germanic *prikō, *priku, from Proto-Germanic *prikô, *prikō (“a prick, point”), of uncertain origin, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *breyǵ- (“to scrape, scratch, rub, prickle, chap”).
Cognate with West Frisian prik (“small hole”), West Frisian prikke (“penis”), Dutch prik (“point, small stick", also "penis”), Danish prik (“dot”), Icelandic prik (“dot, small stick”).

cog

(obsolete) A dot or other diacritical mark used in writing; a point.


prick

en-verb

prick (third-person singular simple present pricks, present participle pricking, simple past and past participle pricked)

pricks (present singular third-person)
pricking (participle present)
pricked (participle past)
pricked (past)

From Middle English prikken, from Old English prician, priccan (“to prick”), from Proto-Germanic *prikōną, *prikjaną (“to pierce, prick”), of uncertain origin; perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *breyǵ- (“to scrape, scratch, rub, prickle, chap”). Cognate with dialectal English pritch, Dutch prikken (“to prick, sting”), Middle High German pfrecken (“to prick”), Swedish pricka (“to dot, prick”), and possibly to Lithuanian įbrėžti (“to scrape, scratch, carve, inscribe, strike”).

cog

Seed should be sown thinly and evenly to enable seedlings to be pricked out without disturbing those that have just emerged. If there is space, seedlings should be pricked out individually, either into small pots or module trays.

2002 July 6, Carol Klein, “Coming up primroses”, in The Daily Telegraph (Gardening), archived from the original on 2013-02-15:

All three germinate well in pots and can be pricked out and potted on with no problems. [...] Grass seeds can be collected as the heads begin to break up. Sow them in late spring, prick out small bundles of seedlings into 7.5cm (3in) pots and transplant them in late May.

2005 October 22, Valerie Bourne, “Self-seeding”, in The Daily Telegraph (Gardening), archived from the original on 2013-11-24:

Geoff might prefer to "take control": to collect seed and sow it next spring, pricking out a few of the best seedlings, growing them on in pots next summer before planting them out in the autumn.

2015 September 21, Helen Yemm, “How to manage hollyhocks [print version: Hollyhock and elder care, evil weevils, 12 September 2015, page 7]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Gardening), archived from the original on 2015-09-25:

(horticulture) Usually in the form prick out: to plant (seeds or seedlings) in holes made in soil at regular intervals.


at

át (canonical masculine)
atllárë (plural)
áti (definite)
at (indefinite nominative singular)
ati (definite nominative singular)
atllarë (indefinite nominative plural)
atllarët (definite nominative plural)
at (accusative indefinite singular)
atin (accusative definite singular)
atllarë (accusative indefinite plural)
atllarët (accusative definite plural)
ati (dative indefinite singular)
atit (dative definite singular)
atllarëve (dative indefinite plural)
atllarëve (dative definite plural)
ati (ablative indefinite singular)
atit (ablative definite singular)
atllarësh (ablative indefinite plural)
atllarëve (ablative definite plural)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish آت (at, “horse”).

bor+

Near-synonyms: kálë, hamshór


at

az-noun

at (definite accusative atı, plural atlar)

atı (accusative definite)
atlar (plural)
atım (first-person nominative possessive singular)
atlarım (first-person nominative possessive singular)
atın (nominative possessive second-person singular)
atların (nominative possessive second-person singular)
atı (nominative possessive singular third-person)
atları (nominative possessive singular third-person)
atımız (first-person nominative plural possessive)
atlarımız (first-person nominative plural possessive)
atınız (nominative plural possessive second-person)
atlarınız (nominative plural possessive second-person)
atı (nominative plural possessive third-person)
atları (nominative plural possessive third-person)
atımı (accusative first-person possessive singular)
atlarımı (accusative first-person possessive singular)
atını (accusative possessive second-person singular)
atlarını (accusative possessive second-person singular)
atını (accusative possessive singular third-person)
atlarını (accusative possessive singular third-person)
atımızı (accusative first-person plural possessive)
atlarımızı (accusative first-person plural possessive)
atınızı (accusative plural possessive second-person)
atlarınızı (accusative plural possessive second-person)
atını (accusative plural possessive third-person)
atlarını (accusative plural possessive third-person)
atıma (dative first-person possessive singular)
atlarıma (dative first-person possessive singular)
atına (dative possessive second-person singular)
atlarına (dative possessive second-person singular)
atına (dative possessive singular third-person)
atlarına (dative possessive singular third-person)
atımıza (dative first-person plural possessive)
atlarımıza (dative first-person plural possessive)
atınıza (dative plural possessive second-person)
atlarınıza (dative plural possessive second-person)
atına (dative plural possessive third-person)
atlarına (dative plural possessive third-person)
atımda (first-person locative possessive singular)
atlarımda (first-person locative possessive singular)
atında (locative possessive second-person singular)
atlarında (locative possessive second-person singular)
atında (locative possessive singular third-person)
atlarında (locative possessive singular third-person)
atımızda (first-person locative plural possessive)
atlarımızda (first-person locative plural possessive)
atınızda (locative plural possessive second-person)
atlarınızda (locative plural possessive second-person)
atında (locative plural possessive third-person)
atlarında (locative plural possessive third-person)
atımdan (ablative first-person possessive singular)
atlarımdan (ablative first-person possessive singular)
atından (ablative possessive second-person singular)
atlarından (ablative possessive second-person singular)
atından (ablative possessive singular third-person)
atlarından (ablative possessive singular third-person)
atımızdan (ablative first-person plural possessive)
atlarımızdan (ablative first-person plural possessive)
atınızdan (ablative plural possessive second-person)
atlarınızdan (ablative plural possessive second-person)
atından (ablative plural possessive third-person)
atlarından (ablative plural possessive third-person)
atımın (first-person genitive possessive singular)
atlarımın (first-person genitive possessive singular)
atının (genitive possessive second-person singular)
atlarının (genitive possessive second-person singular)
atının (genitive possessive singular third-person)
atlarının (genitive possessive singular third-person)
atımızın (first-person genitive plural possessive)
atlarımızın (first-person genitive plural possessive)
atınızın (genitive plural possessive second-person)
atlarınızın (genitive plural possessive second-person)
atının (genitive plural possessive third-person)
atlarının (genitive plural possessive third-person)


bighorn sheep

Ovis canadensis
Ovis canadensis#Translingual

especially, Ovis canadensis, having large, curving horns.


ant

ein (indefinite nominative singular)
dër (definite nominative singular)
ant (nominative noun singular)
die (definite nominative plural)
ante (nominative noun plural)
eines (genitive indefinite singular)
dës (definite genitive singular)
antes (genitive noun singular)
dër (definite genitive plural)
ante (genitive noun plural)
eime (dative indefinite singular)
dëm (dative definite singular)
ante (dative noun singular)
dën (dative definite plural)
anten (dative noun plural)
einen (accusative indefinite singular)
dën (accusative definite singular)
ant (accusative noun singular)
die (accusative definite plural)
ante (accusative noun plural)
ein (indefinite nominative singular)
diu (definite nominative singular)
ante (nominative noun singular)
die (definite nominative plural)
anten (nominative noun plural)
einer (genitive indefinite singular)
dër (definite genitive singular)
anten (genitive noun singular)
dër (definite genitive plural)
anten (genitive noun plural)
einer (dative indefinite singular)
dër (dative definite singular)
anten (dative noun singular)
dën (dative definite plural)
anten (dative noun plural)
eine (accusative indefinite singular)
die (accusative definite singular)
anten (accusative noun singular)
die (accusative definite plural)
anten (accusative noun plural)
anet (alternative)

Alemannic German: Ant, Anete

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Ent

Luxembourgish: Int

German: Ente

Rhine Franconian:

Frankfurterisch: IPA [ent]

Pennsylvania German: Ent

Vilamovian: ant

From Old High German enita, from Proto-West Germanic *anad, from Proto-Germanic *anadz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énh₂ts.


beeswax

en-noun

beeswax (usually uncountable, plural beeswaxes)

A wax secreted by bees from which they make honeycomb; or, the processed form of this wax used in the manufacture of various goods.

mind your own beeswax
mind your own beeswax#English

none of your beeswax
none of your beeswax#English

(informal, Canada, US, humorous) “Business”, as in such phrases as mind your own beeswax and none of your beeswax.


bee

From Middle English bee, from Old English bēo, from Proto-West Germanic *bijā, from Proto-Germanic *bijō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰey-.

His face was belymmed as byes had him stounge[…].

1499, John Skelton, The Bowge of Courte:

An angry Wasp th'one in a viall had, / Th'other in hers an hony-laden Bee.

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto XII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

Can there be a more formall, and better ordered policie, divided into so severall charges and offices, more constantly entertained, and better maintained, than that of Bees?

1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

Ariell: / Where the Bee ſucks, there ſuck I, / In a Cowslips bell, I lie, / There I cowch when Owles doe crie, / On the Batts backe I doe flie / after Sommer merrily. / Merrily, merrily, ſhall I liue now / Vnder the bloſſom that hangs on the Bow.

1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i], page 17:

Bees are the moſt excellent of all Inſects vvhatſoever, and expreſſe both vvorth and vvonder in all their vvaies: […]

1657, Samuel Purchas, “The Excellency of Bees”, in A Theatre of Politicall Flying-Insects. […], London: […] R. I. for Thomas Parkhurst, […], →OCLC, page 1:

He stood across in the other garden, beside a bush of pale Michaelmas daisies, watching the last bees crawl into the hive.

1913, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, “chapter 12”, in Sons and Lovers, London: Duckworth & Co. […], →OCLC:

Bees pollinate many of the world’s crops—a service estimated to be worth $15 billion a year in America alone.

2012 March 31, “Subtle poison”, in The Economist:

A flying insect, of the clade Anthophila within the hymenopteran superfamily Apoidea, known for its organised societies (though only a minority have them), for collecting pollen and (in some species) producing wax and honey.

തേനീച്ച (tēnīcca, literally “honey-fly”)

بلۍ مچۍ

balǝ́ymǝčǝ́y


bee

been (plural)
bees (plural)
be (alternative)
beo (alternative)
bey (alternative)

English: bee

Fingallian: bee

Scots: bee, be, beye, bie, bea

Yola: been (plural)

From Old English bēo, from Proto-West Germanic *biju, from Proto-Germanic *bijō.

Right so as bees out swarmen from an hyve, / Out of the develes ers ther gonne dryve / Twenty thousand freres on a route / And thurghout helle swarmed al aboute...

a. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Summoner's Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, lines 1693–1696:

Just like bees swarm from a hive / Out of the devil's arse there were driven / Twenty thousand friars on a rout / And throughout hell they swarmed all about...


duck

duck (countable and uncountable, plural ducks or duck)

ducks (plural)
duck (plural)
ducke (alternative)

desctree

Sranan Tongo: doksi (from the plural)
→ Dutch: doks

From Middle English doke, ducke, dukke, dokke, douke, duke, from Old English duce, dūce (“duck”, literally “dipper, diver, ducker”), from Old English *dūcan (“to dip, dive, duck”), from Proto-West Germanic *dūkan, from Proto-Germanic *dūkaną (“to dive, bend down”). See verb above.
Cognates
Cognate with Scots duik, duke, dook (“duck”), Danish dukand, dykand (“sea-duck”), Swedish dykfågel (“a diver, diving bird, plungeon”), Dutch duiker (“diver, dipper, plunger”), German Low German Düker (“diver”), German Taucher (“diver, plunger”).
For the meaning development compare with Russian ныро́к (nyrók, “pochard”) connected with ныря́ть (nyrjátʹ, “to dive”).

cog

could eat the arse out of a low flying duck

could eat the crotch out of a low flying duck

could eat the crutch from a low flying duck

don't teach your grandmother how to milk ducks

An aquatic bird of the family Anatidae, having a flat bill and webbed feet.

(cricket) A batsman's score of zero after getting out. (Short for duck's egg.)

nulletjie

a batsman's score of zero after getting out

(medicine) A long-necked medical urinal for men; a bed urinal.


duck

Potteries dialect, Black Country dialect and dialects of the former territory of Mercia (central England). Compare Danish dukke (“doll”), Swedish docka (“baby; doll”), dialectal English doxy (“sweetheart”).

Ay up duck, ow'a'tha?

(Midlands) Dear, mate (informal way of addressing a friend or stranger).


hacienda

→ Catalan: hisenda

→ English: hacienda

→ French: hacienda

→ Polish: hacjenda

Inherited from Old Spanish fazienda, from Latin facienda (literally “things to be done”), from faciō (“to do”). Cognate with Portuguese fazenda. Doublet of faena.


hack

en-noun

hack (countable and uncountable, plural hacks)

From Middle English hacken, hakken, from Old English *haccian (“to hack”), from Proto-West Germanic *hakkōn, from Proto-Germanic *hakkōną (“to chop; hoe; hew”), from Proto-Indo-European *keg-, *keng- (“to be sharp; peg; hook; handle”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian häkje (“to hack”), West Frisian hakje (“to hack”), Dutch hakken (“to chop up; hack”), German hacken (“to chop; hack; hoe”), Danish hakke (“to chop”), Swedish hacka (“to hack; chop”), French hacher (“to chop”).
The computer senses date back to at least 1955 when it initially referred to creative problem solving. By 1963, the negative connotations of “black hat” or malicious hacking had become associated with telephone hacking (cf. phreaking).

inh

Terry wrote that module? I didn't know she was a hack too!

(computing, slang, dated) A computer programmer, particularly a veteran or someone not immediately expected to be capable of programming.


hack

(falconry) A board which the falcon's food is placed on; used by extension for the state of partial freedom in which they are kept before being trained.


hack

en-verb

hack (third-person singular simple present hacks, present participle hacking, simple past and past participle hacked)

hacks (present singular third-person)
hacking (participle present)
hacked (participle past)
hacked (past)

Abbreviation of hackney (“an ordinary horse”), probably from place name Hackney.

(equestrianism) To ride a horse at a regular pace; to ride on a road (as opposed to riding cross-country etc.).

When I was hacking in Brooklyn, I used to run him over to the Court Street restaurants, where he'd sit in Nick and Tony's Pizzeria […]

2004, Joseph Trigoboff, The Shooting Gallery, page 238:


hack

Unclear. Perhaps imitative; compare hock, hawk. Alternatively, perhaps from hack (“chop; do something difficult”) via the idea of doing something (like breathing) or with difficulty.


jump

Brill Publishers
hydraulic jump
jump cut
jump discontinuity
jump instruction

From Middle English jumpen (“to walk quickly, run, jump”), probably of Middle Low German or North Germanic origin, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *gumpōną ~ *gumbōną (“to hop, skip, bounce”), an iterative verb. The OED suggests an imitative origin. Related to jumble. In the sense “to propel oneself” it displaced leap partially and spring largely.
Cognates
Cognate with German Low German jumpen (“to jump”), archaic German gumpen (“to jump, hop, bounce”), dialectal German gampen (“to hop”), Alemannic German gumpe (“to leap, jump”), Walser dialect kumpu, Old Norse gopta (“to jump; make jump”) Danish gumpe (“to jolt”), Swedish gumpa (“to jump”), Danish gimpe (“to move up and down”), Middle English jumpren, jumbren (“to mix, jumble”).

onomatopoeic

imitative

قَفْزَة

instance of propelling oneself into the air — see also leap

Heartless managed the scale the first jump but fell over the second.

(sports, equestrianism) An obstacle that forms part of a showjumping course, and that the horse has to jump over cleanly.


gray

en-adj

gray (comparative grayer or more gray, superlative grayest or most gray)

grayer (comparative)
more gray (comparative)
grayest (superlative)
most gray (superlative)
grey (alternative)

From Middle English gray, from Old English grǣġ, from Proto-West Germanic *grāu, from Proto-Germanic *grēwaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰreh₁- (“to green, to grow”).
See also Dutch grauw, German grau, Old Norse grár); also Latin rāvus (“grey”), Old Church Slavonic зьрѭ (zĭrjǫ, “to see, to glance”), Russian зреть (zretʹ, “to watch, to look at”) (archaic), Lithuanian žeriù (“to shine”).


gray

Log-shaped barnacles become embedded in the hide of the gray.

1971 Mar, National Geographic, page 411:

Eschrichtius robustus
Eschrichtius robustus#Translingual


gray

Named after English physicist Louis Harold Gray (1905–1965).

named-after

Coordinate term: rad

International System of Units
International System of Units

In the International System of Units, the derived unit of absorbed dose of radiation (radiation absorbed by a patient); one joule of energy absorbed per kilogram of the patient's mass. Symbol: Gy


hobby

→ Catalan: hobby

→ Danish: hobby

→ Dutch: hobby

→ French: hobby

→ Galician: hobby

→ German: Hobby

→ Italian: hobby

→ Norwegian Bokmål: hobby

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: hobby

→ Polish: hobby

→ Portuguese: hobby

→ Romanian: hobby

→ Russian: хобби (xobbi)

→ Spanish: hobby

→ Swedish: hobby

Shortened from hobby-horse, from Middle English hoby, hobyn, hobin (“small horse, pony”), from Old French hobi, *haubi, haubby, hobin ("a nag, hobby"; > Modern French aubin, Italian ubino), of Germanic origin: from Old French hober, ober (“to stir, move”), from Old Dutch hobben (“to toss, move up and down”); or from North Germanic origin related to Danish hoppe (“a mare”), Old Swedish hoppa (“a young mare”), North Frisian hoppe (“horse”); both ultimately from Proto-Germanic *huppōną (“to hop”), from Proto-Indo-European *kewb- (“to bend; a bend, joint”). More at hop, hobble.
The meaning of hobby-horse shifted from "small horse, pony" to "child's toy riding horse" to "favorite pastime or avocation" with the connecting notion being "activity that doesn't go anywhere". Possibly originally from a proper name for a horse, a diminutive of Robert or Robin (compare dobbin).

der

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-hobby.wav

(equestrianism) An extinct breed of horse native to the British Isles, also known as the Irish Hobby


teal

en-noun

teal (countable and uncountable, plural teals)

From Middle English tele, probably from an unrecorded Old English *tǣle, cognate with West Frisian tjilling (“teal”), Middle Dutch teling (“teal”) (modern Dutch taling), Middle Low German telink, from Proto-Germanic *tailijaz, of unknown ultimate origin, with no cognates outside of Germanic. As the name of a shade of dark greenish-blue like the color patterns on the fowl's head and wings, it is attested from 1923. The Australian political sense derives from the colour teal being intermediate between green (signifying environmentalism) and blue (signifying the conservative Australian Liberal Party).

unk

unknown

In a bid to defend their inner-city seats, the Liberal Party has moved towards the environmental and progressive left in what can be described as a “teal strategy” that blurs the lines between the Liberals and the Greens.

2021 September 21, Kurt Wallace, “Navigating the great dividing voter range”, in IPA Today, Institute of Public Affairs:

Concerns of a targeted dirty tricks campaign targeting “teal” independents has prompted the Australian Electoral Commission to bring in its electoral integrity assurance taskforce as pre-polling opens.

2022 May 9, “AEC mobilises taskforce to investigate corflute damage”, in Sydney Morning Herald, page 10:

Ms Haines is a strong proponent of this, and many of the teal cross benchers support her approach to appointing a whistleblower protection commissioner.

2022 September 26, “Teals, Greens list watchdog demands”, in The Canberra Times, page 6:

(countable, Australia, politics, chiefly attributive) A teal independent.


egg

en-noun

egg (countable and uncountable, plural eggs)

→⇒ German: not the yellow from the egg

Jamaican Creole: eg

Sranan Tongo: eksi

The noun is derived from Middle English eg, egg, egge (“egg of a domestic or wild fowl; egg of a snake”) [and other forms] (originally Northern England and Northeast Midlands), from Old Norse egg (“egg”), from Proto-Germanic *ajją (“egg”) (by Holtzmann’s law), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm (“egg”), probably from *h₂éwis (“bird”), from *h₂ew- (“to clothe oneself, dress; to be dressed”) (in the sense of an animal clothed in feathers). Doublet of huevo, oeuf, and ovum.
The native English ey [and other forms] (plural eyren) (obsolete), from Old English ǣġ, is also derived from Proto-Germanic *ajją. It survived into at least c. 16th century before being fully displaced by egg.
The verb is derived from the noun.

ou

thing which looks like or is shaped like an egg

egg

person regarded as having not yet realized they are transgender, or who has not yet come out as transgender or is in the early stages of transitioning; one’s lack of awareness that one is transgender

kill the goose that lays the golden eggs

there's more than one way to cook an egg

there's more than one way to crack an egg

We made a big omelette with three eggs. (countable)

I should determine the minimal amount of egg required to make good mayonnaise. (uncountable)

The farmer offered me some fresh eggs, but I told him I was allergic to egg. (countable, uncountable)

There after the images and reliques were orderly disposed, the great Priest compassed about with divers pictures according to the fashion of the Ægyptians, did dedicate and consecrate with certaine prayers a fair ship made very cunningly, and purified the same with a torch, an egge, and sulphur; […]

1566, Apuleius, “The Eleventh Booke”, in William Adlington, transl., The Golden Ass of Apuleius Translated out of Latin […], London: David Nutt […], published 1893, →OCLC, page 239:

[T]hey are vp already, and cal for Egges and butter, they vvil avvay preſently.

c. 1597 (date written), [William Shakespeare], The History of Henrie the Fourth; […], quarto edition, London: […] P[eter] S[hort] for Andrew Wise, […], published 1598, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:

I was 5 moneth in France before I saw a boyled or roasted egge.

1665–1667, John Lauder; Lord Fountainhall, “Journal in France 1665–1667”, in Donald Crawford, editor, Journals of Sir John Lauder, Lord Fountainhall, with His Observations on Public Affairs and Other Memoranda 1665–1676 […] (Publications of the Scottish History Society; XXXVI), Edinburgh: […] University Press by T[homas] and A[rchibald] Constable for the Scottish History Society, published May 1900, →OCLC, page 52:

Eggs are perhaps the higheſt, moſt nouriſhing and exalted of all animal Food, and moſt indigeſtible, becauſe no body can take and digeſt the ſame Quantity of them as of other Food.

1732, John Arbuthnot, “Practical Rules of Diet in the Various Constitutions and Diseases of Human Bodies. Chapter I. Of the Different Qualities and Effects of Alimentary Substances. 4. Anti-acid, or Contrary to Acidity or Sourness.”, in An Essay Concerning the Nature of Aliments, and the Choice of Them, According to the Different Constitutions of Human Bodies. […], 2nd edition, London: […] J[acob] Tonson […], →OCLC, page 255:

A round, black, shining face is hers, so glossy as to suggest the idea that she might have washed over with white of eggs, like one of her own tea rusks.

1851 June – 1852 April, Harriet Beecher Stowe, “An Evening in Uncle Tom’s Cabin”, in Uncle Tom’s Cabin; or, Life among the Lowly, volume I, Boston, Mass.: John P[unchard] Jewett & Company; Cleveland, Oh.: Jewett, Proctor & Worthington, published 20 March 1852, →OCLC, page 39:

An approximately spherical or ellipsoidal body produced by birds, insects, reptiles, and other animals, housing the embryo within a membrane or shell during its development.

(specifically, countable) The edible egg (sense 1.1) of a domestic fowl such as a duck, goose, or, especially, a chicken; (uncountable) the contents of such an egg or eggs used as food.

кӏвтӏагъь

edible egg of a domestic fowl; the contents of such an egg or eggs used as food

(by extension, countable) A food item shaped to resemble an egg (sense 1.1.1), such as a chocolate egg.

The Eſtrich (whoſe fethers are fayrer thẽ yᵉ wynges of the ſparow hauke) whẽ he hath layd his egges vpon the grounde, he bredeth them in the duſt, and forgetteth them: ſo that they might be troden with feete, or broken with ſomme wilde beaſt.

1535 October 14 (Gregorian calendar), Myles Coverdale, transl., Biblia: The Byble, […] (Coverdale Bible), [Cologne or Marburg]: [Eucharius Cervicornus and Johannes Soter?], →OCLC, Job xxxix:[13–15], folio xi, recto, column 2:

[T]hinke him as a Serpents egge, / VVhich hatch'd, vvould as his kinde grovv mischieuous; / And kill him in the ſhell.

1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], page 114, column 1:

An egg properly is that, out of a part vvhereof a living creature is produced, and the reſidue is meat for it, improperly that is an egg out of the vvhole vvhereof, a living creature is bred, as the eggs of Spiders, Ants, Flies.

1657, Samuel Purchas, “Of the Generation of Bees”, in A Theatre of Politicall Flying-Insects. […], London: […] R. I. for Thomas Parkhurst, […], →OCLC, pages 47–48:

[T]here is one claſs of quadrupeds that ſeems entirely left to chance, […] Theſe are the quadrupeds that are brought forth from the egg, ſuch as the lizard, the tortoiſe, and the crocodile. […] [T]he numerous brood of eggs are, vvithout farther ſolicitude, buried in the vvarm ſands of the ſhore, and the heat of the ſun alone is left to bring them to perfection.

1791, Oliver Goldsmith, “Of Quadrupeds in General, Compared to Man”, in An History of the Earth, and Animated Nature. […], new edition, volume II, London: […] F[rancis] Wingrave, successor to Mr. [John] Nourse, […], →OCLC, pages 311–312:

The egg is, as we have said, a kind of exposed uterus, and place in which the embryo is fashioned: for it performs the office of the uterus and enfolds the chick until the due time of its exclusion arrive, when the creature is born perfect.

1847, William Harvey, “Anatomical Exercises on the Generation of Animals; to which are Added, Essays on Parturition; on the Membranes, and Fluids of the Uterus; and on Conception. [On Animal Generation. Exercise the Twenty-third: Of the Exclusion of the Chick, or the Birth from the Egg.]”, in Robert Willis, transl., The Works of William Harvey, M.D., London: […] Sydenham Society, →OCLC, page 264:

In the Fall into the division of labor, [Claude] Lévi-Strauss sees the great hunters trading women to create the exogamous bonds of one hunting band with another. The egg is, but the sperm does. The tiny sperm may be furious in its activity, but its highway to the egg is paved by the alkaline trail set down by the Great Mother.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, “Hominization”, in The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture (A Lindisfarne Series Book), New York, N.Y.: St. Martin’s Press, →ISBN, part 2 (The Transformations of Prehistory), page 80:

Although they serve the same function across the plant, animal and fungal kingdoms, sperm and eggs vary wildly in their structure and biochemistry, even among closely related species. […] Many genes that determine sperm and egg structure and biochemistry are rapidly evolving, constantly changing the chemical environment necessary for the sperm to bind to the egg.

2013 May-June, Katrina G. Claw, “Rapid Evolution in Eggs and Sperm”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, New Haven, Conn.: Sigma Xi, the Scientific Research Society, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2013-04-22, abstract, page 210:

(also cytology) Synonym of ovum (“the female gamete of an animal”); an egg cell.

ovum

Shut up, you egg!

(New Zealand, derogatory) A foolish or obnoxious person.

Senses relating to people.
A foolish or obnoxious person.


egg

is-noun

egg f (genitive singular eggjar, nominative plural eggjar)

eggjar (genitive singular)
eggjar (nominative plural)
egg (indefinite nominative singular)
eggin (definite nominative singular)
eggjar (indefinite nominative plural)
eggjarnar (definite nominative plural)
egg (accusative indefinite singular)
eggina (accusative definite singular)
eggjar (accusative indefinite plural)
eggjarnar (accusative definite plural)
egg (dative indefinite singular)
eggju (dative indefinite singular)
egginni (dative definite singular)
eggjum (dative indefinite plural)
eggjunum (dative definite plural)
eggjar (genitive indefinite singular)
eggjarinnar (definite genitive singular)
eggja (genitive indefinite plural)
eggjanna (definite genitive plural)

Inherited from Old Norse egg, from Proto-Germanic *agjō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp, pointed”).
Cognates include Old Frisian egg, Old Saxon eggia, Dutch egge; Old English ecg (English edge); Old High German egga (German Ecke); Swedish egg.
The Indo-European root is also the source of Latin aciēs (“edge, sharpness”), Ancient Greek ἀκίς (akís, “point”).

der

(geography) ridge (a sharp edge on a mountain)


chestnut

en-noun

chestnut (countable and uncountable, plural chestnuts)

→ Gujarati: ચેસ્ટનટ (cesṭanaṭ)

Formerly chesten nut, from Middle English chesten, Middle English chesteyne, chasteine, from Old English ċisten and reinforced by Old French chastaigne, both from Latin castānea, from Ancient Greek καστάνεια (kastáneia). Latin castānea also is the ultimate source of English castanet.

pull someone's chestnuts out of the fire


ag

ag (nominative singular)
ag (dual nominative)
aige (nominative plural)
ag (singular vocative)
ag (dual vocative)
aige (plural vocative)
ag (accusative singular)
ag (accusative dual)
aige (accusative plural)
aige (genitive singular)
aige (dual genitive)
aige (genitive plural)
aig (dative singular)
aigib (dative dual)
aigib (dative plural)
ag
n-ag

Irish: agh

Scottish Gaelic: agh ‘heifer’

From Proto-Celtic *agos (“cow”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ǵʰós. Compare Old Armenian եզն (ezn), Sanskrit अही (ahī́).


kind

is-noun

kind f (genitive singular kindar, nominative plural kindur or (in the meaning "race, kind, kin") kindir)

kindar (genitive singular)
kindur (nominative plural)
kindir (nominative plural)
kind (indefinite nominative singular)
kindin (definite nominative singular)
kindur (indefinite nominative plural)
kindir (indefinite nominative plural)
kindurnar (definite nominative plural)
kindirnar (definite nominative plural)
kind (accusative indefinite singular)
kindina (accusative definite singular)
kindur (accusative indefinite plural)
kindir (accusative indefinite plural)
kindurnar (accusative definite plural)
kindirnar (accusative definite plural)
kind (dative indefinite singular)
kindinni (dative definite singular)
kindum (dative indefinite plural)
kindunum (dative definite plural)
kindar (genitive indefinite singular)
kindarinnar (definite genitive singular)
kinda (genitive indefinite plural)
kindanna (definite genitive plural)

is-ndecl

f,,ur:ir􂀿in the meaning "race, kind, kin"􂁀

From Old Norse kind, from Proto-Germanic *kinþiz, cognate with Latin gēns (“clan, tribe”). The sense of “sheep” is derived from the compound sauðkind, literally “sheep-kind”.


bal

sq-noun

bal m (plural bala, definite bali, definite plural balat)

bala (plural)
bali (definite)
balat (definite plural)
balo (alternative)

From Proto-Albanian *bala, cognate to Lithuanian bãlas (“white”), Latvian bàls (“pale”) and Greek (Hes.) φαλός λευκός (falós lefkós), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel-.

dog or goat (with a white spot on the forehead)


SP

en-noun

SP (countable and uncountable, plural SPs)

SPs (plural)
S.P. (alternative)
S. P. (alternative)

He was an atheist, a rationalist, a medical student of no great distinction, an SP punter, a singer of bawdy songs, an acknowledged expert in matters erotic.

1985, Peter Carey, Illywhacker, Faber and Faber, published 2003, page 157:

It was the last time, too, when […] the races dominated the radio on Saturday afternoons and everyone had the number of an SP bookie.

1998, David Malouf, A First Place, Vintage, published 2015, page 196:


so

head

so c (singular definite soen, plural indefinite søer)

soen (definite singular)
søer (indefinite plural)
so (indefinite nominative singular)
soen (definite nominative singular)
søer (indefinite nominative plural)
søerne (definite nominative plural)
sos (genitive indefinite singular)
soens (definite genitive singular)
søers (genitive indefinite plural)
søernes (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse sýr, from Proto-Germanic *sūz, from Proto-Indo-European *sū-.


so

so (indefinite nominative singular)
sos (genitive indefinite singular)
son (definite nominative singular)
sons (definite genitive singular)
sor (indefinite nominative plural)
sors (genitive indefinite plural)
sorna (definite nominative plural)
sornas (definite genitive plural)

From Old Swedish sō (Old Icelandic/Norwegian sýr), from Old East Norse *sōʀ, from Proto-Germanic *sūz, from Proto-Indo-European *sū-. Compare the identical ko (Old Icelandic/Norwegian kýr, Old Swedish kō).


eye

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éy-ós, nominalized form of *h₁ey- (“to go”), where the semantics developed along the lines of the animals being herded. For similar etymological and semantic developments, compare Hittite iyant (“sheep”) and Oscan eítuvam (“wealth”) (originally meaning livestock, for which semantically compare Latin pecunia).


bef

English: beef (see there for further descendants)

Scots: beef

From Anglo-Norman beof, Old French buef; ultimately from Latin bovem, accusative of bōs. Doublet of cou.

beef (alternative)
bouf (alternative)
beof (alternative)
buf (alternative)
boef (alternative)
bief (alternative)
beffe (alternative)
befe (alternative)


ver

vers (plural)
verr (alternative)
vier (alternative)

(Rumantsch Grischun, Surmiran) wild boar (Sus scrofa)


verres

la-noun

verrēs m (genitive verris); third declension

verrēs (canonical masculine)
verris (genitive)
verrēs (nominative singular)
verrēs (nominative plural)
verris (genitive singular)
verrium (genitive plural)
verrī (dative singular)
verribus (dative plural)
verrem (accusative singular)
verrēs (accusative plural)
verrīs (accusative plural)
verre (ablative singular)
verribus (ablative plural)
verrēs (singular vocative)
verrēs (plural vocative)

Old French: ver

⇒ French: verrat

⇒ Norman: véthot

Romanian: vier

Romansch: ver, verr, vier

desc

Sardinian: berre, berri, erri, erre, verre

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *verrācus

⇒ Asturian: bracu

⇒ Spanish: verraco

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *verrea

Spanish: birria

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *verrōne(m)

Portuguese: barrão, varrão

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *verrus

Catalan: verro, verre, verri

Friulian: viru

Italian: verro

Sicilian: verru

[ˈu̯ɛrːeːs̠]

From Proto-Italic *wersēn, from Proto-Indo-European *wérsēn (“male animal”). The nominative singular and the i-stem declension pattern are analogous; a more logical development would have been verrēn as the form used in the nominative and vocative singular cases with the base being verrin-. Cognates include Sanskrit वृषन् (vṛ́ṣan), वृष (vṛṣa), Ancient Greek ἄρσην (ársēn) and Lithuanian ver̃šis.


draw

en-noun

draw (countable and uncountable, plural draws)

From Middle English drawen, draȝen, dragen (“to drag, pull, push, draw (out), go to, make, add, etc.”), from Old English dragan, from Proto-West Germanic *dragan, from Proto-Germanic *draganą, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ- (“to draw, pull”). Doublet of drag and draught.
Cognates
* Albanian dredh (“to turn, spin”)
* Danish drage
* Dutch dragen
* German tragen (“to carry”)
* Old Armenian դառնամ (daṙnam, “to turn”)
* Sanskrit ध्रजस् (dhrájas, “gliding course or motion”)
* West Frisian drage

cog

(horse racing) The stall from which a horse begins the race.


nose

Sranan Tongo: noso

Aukan: nosu

Saramaccan: núsu

Audio (London, UK)

Audio (UK)

From Middle English nose, from Old English nosu, from Proto-West Germanic *nosu, variant of *nasō, old dual from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s- ~ *nh₂es- (“nose, nostril”).
See also Saterland Frisian Noose, West Frisian noas, Dutch neus, Swedish nos, Norwegian nos (“snout”), German Low German Nees, Nes, Näs, German Nase, Swedish näsa, Norwegian nese, Danish næse (“nose”); also Latin nāris (“nostril”), nāsus (“nose”), Lithuanian nósis, Russian нос (nos), Sanskrit नासा (nā́sā, “nostrils”).

Red Rum only won by a nose.

(horse racing) The length of a horse’s nose, used to indicate the distance between horses at the finish of a race, or any very close race.

馬鼻 /马鼻 (maa⁵ bei⁶, literally “horse's nose”)


kaczka

pl-noun

kaczka f (male equivalent kaczor, diminutive kaczuszka or kaczeczka, related adjective kaczczany or kaczczy or kaczkowy)

kaczor (masculine)
kaczuszka (diminutive)
kaczeczka (diminutive)
kaczczany (adjective)
kaczczy (adjective)
kaczkowy (adjective)
kaczka (nominative singular)
kaczki (nominative plural)
kaczki (genitive singular)
kaczek (genitive plural)
kaczce (dative singular)
kaczkom (dative plural)
kaczkę (accusative singular)
kaczki (accusative plural)
kaczką (instrumental singular)
kaczkami (instrumental plural)
kaczce (locative singular)
kaczkach (locative plural)
kaczko (singular vocative)
kaczki (plural vocative)
kacka (alternative)

→ Low Prussian: Katschke

Inherited from Old Polish kaczka, from Proto-Slavic *kačьka. Probably onomatopoeic. Cognates include Czech kachna, kačka, and Slovak kačka, kačica.


krowa

krowka (diminutive)
krowa (nominative singular)
krowje (dual nominative)
krowy (nominative plural)
krowy (genitive singular)
krowowu (dual genitive)
krowow (genitive plural)
krowje (dative singular)
krowoma (dative dual)
krowam (dative plural)
krowu (accusative singular)
krowje (accusative dual)
krowy (accusative plural)
krowu (instrumental singular)
krowoma (dual instrumental)
krowami (instrumental plural)
krowje (locative singular)
krowoma (dual locative)
krowach (locative plural)

From Proto-Slavic *korva, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“horn”).


krowa

krowa f (diminutive krówka, augmentative krówsko, related adjective krowi)

krówka (diminutive)
krówsko (augmentative)
krowi (adjective)
krowa (nominative singular)
krowy (nominative plural)
krowy (genitive singular)
krów (genitive plural)
krowie (dative singular)
krowom (dative plural)
krowę (accusative singular)
krowy (accusative plural)
krową (instrumental singular)
krowami (instrumental plural)
krowie (locative singular)
krowach (locative plural)
krowo (singular vocative)
krowy (plural vocative)

(historical, informal) Nebelwerfer (World War II German series of mortar weapons)


pato

gl-noun

pato m (plural patos, feminine pata, feminine plural patas)

patos (plural)
pata (feminine)
patas (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese pato, borrowed from Arabic بَطّ (baṭṭ).


pato

Kabuverdianu: patu

→ Tok Pisin: pato

From Old Galician-Portuguese pato (“duck”), from Andalusian Arabic بَطّ (paṭṭ), from Arabic بَطّ (baṭṭ, “duck”). Cognate with Galician and Spanish pato and Swahili bata.


pato

→ Bikol Central: pato

→ Cahuilla: paat

→ Cebuano: pato

→ Chamicuro: pato

→ Chavacano: pato

→ Classical Nahuatl: patox

→ Cora: puáatu

→ English: pato

→ Hiligaynon: patu

→ Karao: pato

→ Oluta Popoluca: pa̱tu

→ O'odham: pa꞉do

→ Papantla Totonac: pá̱tux

→ Samoan: pato

→ San Juan Atzingo Popoloca: copáto

→ Tagalog: pato
→ Tausug: patu'

→ Tetelcingo Nahuatl: öpöto

→ Tokelauan: pato

→ Waray-Waray: pato

→ Ye'kwana: jatu, jaatu

Borrowed from Andalusian Arabic بَّطّ (paṭṭ), from Arabic بَطّ (baṭṭ, “duck”), from Persian بت (bat, “duck”).

bor+

(vulgar, slang, Dominican Republic, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Puerto Rico) homosexual, faggot


pato

pato (canonical)
patò (canonical)
ᜉᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

→ Tausug: patu'

Borrowed from Spanish pato (“duck”), from Arabic بَطّ (baṭṭ, “duck”).


pata

paták (plural)
pata (nominative singular)
paták (nominative plural)
patát (accusative singular)
patákat (accusative plural)
patának (dative singular)
patáknak (dative plural)
patával (instrumental singular)
patákkal (instrumental plural)
patáért (causal-final singular)
patákért (causal-final plural)
patává (singular translative)
patákká (plural translative)
patáig (singular terminative)
patákig (plural terminative)
pataként (essive-formal singular)
patákként (essive-formal plural)
patában (inessive singular)
patákban (inessive plural)
patán (singular superessive)
patákon (plural superessive)
patánál (adessive singular)
patáknál (adessive plural)
patába (illative singular)
patákba (illative plural)
patára (singular sublative)
patákra (plural sublative)
patához (allative singular)
patákhoz (allative plural)
patából (elative singular)
patákból (elative plural)
patáról (delative singular)
patákról (delative plural)
patától (ablative singular)
patáktól (ablative plural)
patáé (singular)
patáké (plural)
patáéi (singular)
patákéi (plural)
patám (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
patáim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
patád (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
patáid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
patája (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
patái (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
patánk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
patáink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
patátok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
patáitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
patájuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
patáik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

Probably from a Slavic language, from Proto-Slavic *pęta.

hoof (the tip of a toe of an ungulate such as a horse, ox or deer, strengthened by a thick keratin covering)


pata

pata (nominative singular)
paśe (dual nominative)
paty (nominative plural)
paty (genitive singular)
patowu (dual genitive)
patow (genitive plural)
paśe (dative singular)
patoma (dative dual)
patam (dative plural)
patu (accusative singular)
paśe (accusative dual)
paty (accusative plural)
patu (instrumental singular)
patoma (dual instrumental)
patami (instrumental plural)
paśe (locative singular)
patoma (dual locative)
patach (locative plural)

Cognate with Serbo-Croatian pȁtka (“duck”).


goose

en-verb

goose (third-person singular simple present gooses, present participle goosing, simple past and past participle goosed)

gooses (present singular third-person)
goosing (participle present)
goosed (participle past)
goosed (past)

PIE word
 *ǵʰh₂éns
From Middle English goos, gos, from Old English gōs, from Proto-West Germanic *gans, from Proto-Germanic *gans, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂éns.
Cognates
Compare West Frisian goes, North Frisian göis (also Fering-Öömrang dialect North Frisian gus; Sölring dialect North Frisian Guus; Heligoland dialect North Frisian gus), Low German Goos, Low German Gans, Dutch gans, German Gans, Danish, Swedish and Norwegian gås, Icelandic gæs, Irish gé, Latin ānser, Latvian zùoss, Russian гусь (gusʹ), Albanian gatë, Ancient Greek χήν (khḗn), Avestan 𐬰𐬁 (zā), Sanskrit हंस (haṃsá).
* The tailor's iron is so called from the likeness of the handle to the neck of a goose.

(slang, UK) Of private-hire taxi drivers, to pick up a passenger who has not booked a cab, in violation of UK licensing conditions.


road

From Middle English rode, rade (“ride, journey”), from Old English rād (“riding, hostile incursion”), from Proto-West Germanic *raidu, from Proto-Germanic *raidō (“a ride”), from Proto-Indo-European *reydʰ- (“to ride”). Doublet of raid, acquired from Scots. Cognates include West Frisian reed (paved trail/road, driveway).
The current primary meaning of "street, way for traveling" originated relatively late—Shakespeare seemed to expect his audiences to find it unfamiliar—and probably arose through reinterpretation of roadway "a way for riding on" as saying "way" twice, in other words as a tautological compound.

inh

his driveway doesn't go all the way to the road

someone's driveway doesn't go all the way to the road

the grass is always greener on the other side of the road

the road to hell is paved with good intentions

what happens on the road stays on the road

In the lightness of my heart I sang catches of songs as my horse gayly bore me along the well-remembered road.

1852, Mrs M.A. Thompson, “The Tutor's Daughter”, in Graham's American Monthly Magazine of Literature, Art, and Fashion, page 266:

I stumbled along through the young pines and huckleberry bushes. Pretty soon I struck into a sort of path that, I cal'lated, might lead to the road I was hunting for.

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

And the road doesn't end / It's a long, long road and we follow it again and again / And the road don't pretend

2018, Bill Wurtz (lyrics and music), “Long Long Long Journey”:

A way used for travelling between places, originally one wide enough to allow foot passengers and horses to travel, now (US) usually one surfaced with asphalt or concrete and designed to accommodate many vehicles travelling in both directions. In the UK both senses are heard: a country road is the same as a country lane.

apehũ (paved with asphalt, lit. "black road")

The new depot, on which work started in May, 1956, has three reception roads leading to 13 sidings capable of taking 25 trains, a 450 ft.-long car examination shed with nine roads, a lifting shop with two roads and three permanent way sidings.

1959 November, “L.T. and E.R. developments in East London”, in Trains Illustrated, page 527:

(US, rail transport) A railway or (UK, rail transport) a single railway track.

(obsolete) The act of riding on horseback.

Antonio: Sweet lady, you have given me life and living; / For here I read for certain that my ships / Are safely come to road.

c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:

There delivering their fraught, they went to Scandaroone; rather to view what ships was in the Roade, than any thing else […].

1630, John Smith, True Travels, Kupperman, published 1988, page 38:

(nautical, usually in the plural) A partly sheltered area of water near a shore in which vessels may ride at anchor; a roadstead.


road

road tires

road groupset

(cycling) Of or pertaining to a road bike.


lane

From Middle English lane, lone, from Old English lanu (“a lane, alley, avenue”), from Proto-West Germanic *lanu, from Proto-Germanic *lanō (“lane, passageway”).
Cognate with Scots lone (“cattle-track, by-road”), West Frisian leane, loane (“a walkway, avenue”), Dutch laan (“alley, avenue”), German Low German Lane, Laan (“lane”), Swedish lån (“covered walkway encircling a house”), Icelandic lön (“a row of houses”).

cog

And it's Uncle Mo in front by two as they come to the top of the lane.


pollo

rural northern Spain, Andes Mountains, Paraguay, Philippines

Inherited from Latin pullus, from Proto-Indo-European *polH- (“animal young”).

der

pollo frito

young chicken (specially a male, or one of unspecified gender)

montar un pollo

(colloquial, gay slang) twink (a young, attractive, slim man)


gallo

Inherited from Old Spanish, from Latin gallus (“rooster”).

John Dory (edible marine fish; Zeus faber or Zeus ocellata)

Papaver rhoeas
Papaver rhoeas#Translingual

(boxing) bantamweight (weight class ranging from 112 to 118 pounds)

voice crack (sudden, unintentional change in register, especially during puberty or while singing)


distance

en-noun

distance (countable and uncountable, plural distances)

distances (plural)
distaunce (alternative)

From Middle English distance, distaunce, destance (“disagreement, dispute; discrimination; armed conflict; hostility; trouble; space between two points; time interval”), from Anglo-Norman distance, distaunce, destance, Middle French distance, and Old French destance, destaunce, distaunce (“debate; difference, distinction; discord, quarrel; dispute; space between two points; time interval”) (modern French distance), and directly from their etymon Latin distantia (“difference, diversity; distance, remoteness; space between two points”) (whence also Late Latin distantia (“disagreement; discrepancy; gap, opening; time interval”)), from distāns (“being distant; standing apart”) + -ia (suffix forming feminine abstract nouns). Distāns is the present active participle of distō (“to be distant; to stand apart; to differ”), from dis- (prefix meaning ‘apart, asunder; in two’) + stō (“to stand”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand (up)”)).
The verb is derived from the noun.
Cognates
* Middle Dutch distancie, distantie (modern Dutch distantie); Dutch afstand (“distance”, literally “off-stand, off-stance”)
* German Distanz; German Abstand
* Italian distanza
* Portuguese distância
* Spanish distancia

afstand

(countable, uncountable) amount of space between points

An amount of space between points (often geographical points), usually (but not necessarily) measured along a straight line.

(horse racing) Chiefly in by a distance: a space of more than 30 lengths (about 80 yards or 7.3 metres) between two racehorses finishing a race, used to describe the margin of victory; also (archaic), any space of 240 yards (about 219.5 metres) on a racecourse.

pitkä ero

space of more than 30 lengths between two racehorses finishing a race; any space of 240 yards on a racecourse

THere vvere a Great many Brave, Sightly Horſes vvith Rich Trappings that vvere brought out One day to the Courſe, and Only One Plain Nag in the Company that made ſport for All the reſt. But vvhen they came at laſt to the Tryal, This vvas the Horſe that ran the VVhole Field out of Diſtance, and VVon the Race. / The MORAL. Our Senſes are No Competent Judges of the Excellencies of the Mind.

1692, Roger L’Estrange, “[The Fables of Abstemius, &c.] Fab[le] CCCXXXIX. A Plain Horse Wins the Prize.”, in Fables, of Æsop and Other Eminent Mythologists: […], London: […] R[ichard] Sare, […], →OCLC, page 296:

The amount of space between points (often geographical points), usually (but not necessarily) measured along a straight line.

(horse racing) Originally, the space measured back from the winning post which a racehorse running in a heat must reach when the winner has covered the whole course, in order to run in a subsequent heat; also, the point on the racecourse that space away from the winning post; now, the point on a racecourse 240 yards from the winning post.

väli

space measured back from the winning post which a racehorse running in a heat must reach when the winner has covered the whole course, in order to run in a subsequent heat; point on the racecourse that space away from the winning post; point on racecourse 240 yards from the winning post


distance

en-verb

distance (third-person singular simple present distances, present participle distancing, simple past and past participle distanced)

distances (present singular third-person)
distancing (participle present)
distanced (participle past)
distanced (past)
distance (infinitive)

sijoittaa erilleen

to set (someone or something) at a distance from someone or something else

[H]e is of Opinion it is inhuman, that Animals ſhould be put upon their utmoſt Strength and Metal for our Diverſion only. Hovvever, not to be particular, he puts in for the Queen's Plate every Year, vvith Orders to his Rider never to vvin or be diſtanced; […]

1713 March 29 (Gregorian calendar), [Richard Steele], “Wednesday, March 18. 1713.”, in The Guardian, number 6, London: […] J[acob] Tonson […]; and sold by A. Baldwin […], →OCLC, page [2], column 1:

(chiefly US, horse racing, archaic) Of a racehorse: to beat (another horse) by a certain distance; also (passive voice), to cause (a horse) to be disqualified by beating it by a certain distance.

of a racehorse: to beat (another horse) by a certain distance; to cause (a horse) to be disqualified by beating it by a certain distance


palm

→ Malay: palma, ڤلما

From Middle English palme, from Old English palm, palma (“palm-tree, palm-branch”), from Latin palma (“palm-tree, palm-branch, palm of the hand”), from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₂meh₂, *pl̥h₂emeh₂ (“palm of the hand”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (“flat”). Cognate with Dutch palm, German Palme, Danish palme, Icelandic pálmur (“palm”).

der

(scouting) Any of 23 awards that can be earned after obtaining the Eagle Scout rank, but generally only before turning 18 years old.


ad libitum

Unadapted borrowing from New Latin ad libitum.

ubor

(agriculture, sciences) without restriction.


maiden

From Middle English mayden, meiden, from Old English mæġden (“girl”), originally a diminutive of mæġeþ (“girl”) via diminutive suffix -en, from Proto-West Germanic *magaþ, from Proto-Germanic *magaþs. Equivalent to maid + -en.

(horse racing) A racehorse without any victory, i.e. one having a "virgin record".

(horse racing) A horse race in which all starters are maidens.


break

From Middle English breken, from Old English brecan (“to break”), from Proto-West Germanic *brekan, from Proto-Germanic *brekaną (“to break”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- (“to break”). The word is a doublet of bray.
Cognates
Cognates of Germanic origin include Scots brek (“to break”), West Frisian brekke (“to break”), Dutch breken (“to break”), Low German breken (“to break”), German brechen (“to break”), French broyer (“to crush, grind”), Gothic 𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (brikan, “to break, destroy”), Norwegian brek (“desire, yearning”).
Also cognate with Albanian brishtë (“fragile”), Latin frangō (“break, break up, shatter”, verb), whence English fracture and other terms – fragile, frail, fraction, and fragment.

cog

Cigar was distracted at the break and let his five opponents get the jump.

1999, Jay Hovdey, Cigar: America's Horse, page 63:

Perhaps it stumbles to its knees at the break, effectively losing the race at the outset.

2010, John Alexander, Exotic Wagering the Winning Way, page 60:

(horse racing) The start of a horse race.


fire

en-verb

fire (third-person singular simple present fires, present participle firing, simple past and past participle fired)

fires (present singular third-person)
firing (participle present)
fired (participle past)
fired (past)
fire (infinitive)

From Middle English firen, fyren, furen, from Old English fȳrian (“to make a fire”), from the noun (see above). Cognate with Old Frisian fioria (“to light a fire”), Saterland Frisian fjuurje (“to fire”), Middle Dutch vûren, vueren, vieren (“to set fire”), Dutch vuren (“to fire, shoot”), Old High German fiuren (“to ignite, set on fire”), German feuern (“to fire”).

udløse

computer sciences, software engineering: to initiate an event


drove

From Middle English drove, drof, draf, from Old English drāf (“action of driving; a driving out, expulsion; drove, herd, band; company, band; road along which cattle are driven”), from Proto-Germanic *draibō (“a drive, push, movement, drove”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰreybʰ- (“to drive, push”). Cognate with Scots drave, dreef (“drove, crowd”), Dutch dreef (“a walkway, wide road with trees, drove”), Middle High German treip (“a drove”), Swedish drev (“a drive, drove”), Icelandic dreif (“a scattering, distribution”). More at drive.

cog

used in some regions of the US, particularly the Midwest

in droves

(figuratively, by extension, usually in the plural) A large number of people on the move.

A road or track along which cattle are habitually, used to be or coil be driven; a droveway.

karjapolku

road or track along which cattle are habitually driven — see also droveway


drove

en-verb

drove (third-person singular simple present droves, present participle droving, simple past and past participle droved)

droves (present singular third-person)
droving (participle present)
droved (participle past)
droved (past)

From earlier drave, from Middle English drave, draf, from Old English drāf, first and third person singular indicative preterite of drīfan (“to drive”).

He's droving now with Conroy's sheep along the Castlereagh.

1890, Banjo Paterson, The Man from Snowy River:

To herd cattle; particularly over a long distance.

transumare

to herd cattle, to move cattle over a long distance


got

gotes (plural)
get (plural)
gat (alternative)
gathe (alternative)
goth (alternative)
goet (alternative)
gote (alternative)
gothe (alternative)
goot (alternative)

English: goat (see there for further descendants)

Scots: gait, gayt

Yola: geearth, geearte, gurth

From Old English gāt, from Proto-West Germanic *gait, form Proto-Germanic *gaits.


bull

From Middle English bulle, from Old French bulle, from Latin bulla, from Gaulish. Doublet of bull (“bubble”) and bulla.

A papal bull, an official document or edict from the Pope.


why

From Middle English why, from Old English hwȳ (“why”), from Proto-Germanic *hwī (“by what, how”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷey, instrumental case of *kʷis (“who”), *kʷid (“what”).
Cognate with Old Saxon hwī (“why”), hwiu (“how; why”), Middle High German wiu (“how, why”), archaic Danish and Norwegian Bokmål hvi (“why”), Norwegian Nynorsk kvi (“why”), Swedish vi (“why”), Faroese and Icelandic hví (“why”), Latin quī (“why”), Doric Greek πεῖ (peî, “where”), Ukrainian чи (čy, “if”), Polish czy, Czech či (“or”), Serbo-Croatian či (“if”). Compare Old English þȳ (“because, since, on that account, therefore, then”, literally “by that, for that”). See thy.

cog

Why is the sky blue?

Why did you do that?

I don’t know why he did that

Tell me why the moon changes phase.

Why do you have a map of the world?
Audio (US): (file)

2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)

(interrogative) For what cause, reason, or purpose.

For what cause, reason, or purpose.
Introducing a complete question.

Why don't you ask her out for dinner?

With a negative, used rhetorically to make a suggestion.

Why spend money on something you already get for free?

Why not tell him how you feel?

Introducing a verb phrase (bare infinitive clause).

Why him? Why not someone taller?

For what cause, reason, or purpose.
Introducing a noun or other phrase.


why

whys (plural)
why's (plural)
whies (plural)

A good article will cover the who, the what, the when, the where, the why and the how.

Within months of leaving, she became the new owner of Dream Body Recovery in Miami, which has three rooms that can accommodate up to six clients. “Being a part of this journey with other ladies, knowing how it changed my life, that’s my why,” she told me.

2022 May 11, Sandra E. Garcia, “Butt Lifts Are Booming. Healing Is No Joke.”, in The New York Times Magazine:


weight

en-verb

weight (third-person singular simple present weights, present participle weighting, simple past and past participle weighted)

weights (present singular third-person)
weighting (participle present)
weighted (participle past)
weighted (past)
waight (alternative)

From Middle English weight, weiȝte, weght, wight, from Old English wiht, ġewiht (“weight”), from Proto-Germanic *wihtiz ("weight"; compare *weganą (“to move”)), from Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ- (“to move; pull; draw; drive”). Equivalent to weigh + -th.
Cognate with Scots wecht, weicht (“weight”), Saterland Frisian Wächte (“scale”), Gewicht (“weight”), West Frisian gewicht (“weight”), Dutch gewicht (“weight”), German Low German Wicht, Gewicht (“weight”), German Wucht (“massiveness, force”), Gewicht (“weight”).

gloss

"weight"; compare <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*weganą</i> (“to move”)

inh

(transitive, horse racing) To handicap a horse with a specified weight.


whistler

From Middle English whisteler, whistlar, whystelare, from Old English hwistlere (“a player on a flute; a piper”), equivalent to whistle + -er.

Any of several passerine birds of the genera Pachycephala and Coracornis, of Australasia and the western Pacific.

A goldeneye (any of certain ducks of genus Bucephala).


chalk

en-noun

chalk (countable and uncountable, plural chalks)

→ Hindi: चाक (cāk)

→ Japanese: チャコ (chako), チョーク (chōku)

→ Nepali: चक (cak)

→ Swahili: chaki

→ Swazi: íshóki

→ Thai: ชอล์ก (chɔ́k)

→ Tsonga: choko

→ Tulu: ಚಾಕ್ (cākŭ)

→ Yoruba: ṣọ́ọ̀kì

From Middle English chalk, chalke, from Old English ċealc, from Proto-West Germanic *kalk, borrowed from Latin calx (“limestone”), again borrowed from Ancient Greek χάλιξ (khálix, “pebble”). Doublet of calx and cauk.

(US, sports, chiefly basketball, horse racing) The favorite in a sporting event.


overlay

/ˈəʊ.vəˌleɪ/

From Middle English overleyen, from Old English oferleċġan, from Proto-West Germanic *obarlaggjan, from Proto-Germanic *uberlagjaną, equivalent to over- + lay. Cognate with Saterland Frisian uurläze, úurlääse, Dutch overleggen, German Low German overleggen, överleggen, German überlegen, Swedish överlägga, Norwegian overlegge. Compare overlie.

(horse racing) A horse going off at higher odds than it appears to warrant, based on its past performances.


stick

stick (countable and uncountable, plural sticks)

→ Catalan: estic

→ Italian: stick

→ Korean: 스틱 (seutik)

→ Portuguese: stique, estique

→ Sranan Tongo: tiki

From Middle English stikke (“stick, rod, twig”), from Old English sticca (“rod, twig”), from Proto-West Germanic *stikkō, from Proto-Germanic *stikkô, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to pierce, prick, be sharp”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Stikke (“stick”), West Flemish stik (“stick”). Related to stigma.

der

better than a poke in the eye with a burnt stick

better than a poke in the eye with a sharp stick

better than a poke in the eye with a shitty stick

it is easy to find a stick to beat a dog

(horse racing) The short whip carried by a jockey.

A stick-like item:
The short whip carried by a jockey.


swell

en-noun

swell (countable and uncountable, plural swells)

From Middle English swelle, from the verb swellen (modern swell).

kivimbe

music: device for controlling the volume of a pipe organ

The front brow of a saddle bow, connected in the tree by the two saddle bars to the cantle on the other end.


mallard

mallards (plural)
mallard (plural)
maudelard (alternative)
mawdelard (alternative)

From Middle English malard, mawlard, mawdelard, from Old French malard, malart, mallart (“male wild duck”), from Old French male, masle (“male”) + -ard, -art. Cognate with Medieval Latin maslardus, mallardus.

Anas platyrhynchos
Anas platyrhynchos#Translingual

Anas platyrhynchos, a common and widespread dabbling duck, natively found throughout the Northern Hemisphere, whose male has a distinctive dark green head.

rosa e vëndit

a common and widespread dabbling duck, Anas platyrhynchos


greylag goose

greylag geese (plural)
graylag goose (alternative)

/ˌɡɹeɪlæɡ ˈɡuːs/

Anser anser, a goose that breads in northern Eurasia and winters in semitropical Asia.

tó wónaanídę́ę́ʼ naalʼeełítsoh łibáhígíí


ball

ball (countable and uncountable, plural balls)

→ Cantonese: 波 (bo¹)

→ Japanese: ボール (bōru)

→ Makah: ba·la

→ Yoruba: bọ́ọ̀lù

From Middle English bal, ball, balle, from an unattested Old English *beall, *bealla (“round object, ball”) or Old Norse bǫllr (“a ball”), both from Proto-Germanic *balluz, *ballô (“ball”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰol-n- (“ball, bubble”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to blow, inflate, swell”). Cognate with Old Saxon ball, Dutch bal, Old High German bal, ballo (German Ball (“ball”); Ballen (“bale”)). Related forms in Romance are borrowings from Germanic. See also balloon, bale.

ампыл

object, generally spherical, used for playing games

туп

ballistics: a solid nonexplosive missile

cold enough to freeze the balls off a brass monkey

The laxative alterative has not this advantage, the aloes, of which it is composed, being extremely bitter, and therefore requiring to be given in the form of a ball.

1842, James White, A compendium of the veterinary art:

(farriery, historical) A large pill, a form in which medicine was given to horses; a bolus.


base

bases (plural)
bace (alternative)
bas (alternative)
baas (alternative)
basse (alternative)

English: base

Scots: base

Borrowed from Old French base, from Latin basis, from Ancient Greek βᾰ́σῐς (bắsĭs), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷémtis.

The foundation, base, or bottom of a column, statue, or vase.

(rare) Padding inserted below a horse's bridle.

(rare, alchemy) The mix of metals used as a base for alchemical operations.


goat

en-noun

goat (countable and uncountable, plural goats)

→ Abenaki: kots (from "goats")

→ Marshallese: koot

→ Rotokas: goti

→ Tongan: koti, kosi

desctree

→ Samoan: ʻoti
→ Rotuman: ʻoti
→ Tokelauan: oti

From Middle English goot, got, gat, from Old English gāt, from Proto-West Germanic *gait, from Proto-Germanic *gaits, from a substrate language.
The sense of lecherous man derives from the slang expression "horny as a goat".

(acronym) Alternative letter-case form of GOAT (“Greatest of All Time”)


flat

From Middle English flat, a borrowing from Old Norse flatr (compare Norwegian and Swedish flat, Danish flad), from Proto-Germanic *flataz, from Proto-Indo-European *pleth₂- (“flat”); akin to Saterland Frisian flot (“smooth”), German Flöz (“a geological layer”), Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús), Latvian plats, Sanskrit प्रथस् (prathas, “extension”). Doublet of plat and pleyt.
The noun is from Middle English flat (“level piece of ground, flat edge of a weapon”), from the adjective.
The algebraic sense was coined by Serre in a 1956 paper, originally as French plat.

inh

This horse will do better over the flat.

flat racing, the flat season

In light of Horse Racing Ireland's Covid-19 contingency plan announcement, that whenever racing resumes the Flat will be given priority, Elliott has decided to keep a number of talented jumpers on the go during the summer, with a view towards a dual-purpose campaign.

2020, Brian Sheerin, Racing Post, "Gordon Elliott maps out summer Flat campaigns for talented jumpers" (article) https://www.racingpost.com/news/gordon-elliott-maps-out-summer-flat-campaigns-for-talented-jumpers/431475

2021 (retrieved), racing365.com, "Flat Racing Explained" https://racing365.com/flat-racing-explained/
In British horse racing, the classics are a series of horse races run over the flat (i.e. without jumps).

An area of level ground (sometimes covered with shallow or tidal water).

(horse racing, with 'the' or attributively, sometimes with capital) Level horse-racing ground, as contrasted with courses incorporating jumps, or the racing done on such ground.

As forecast, Joe suspected nothing as he pottered round the flat in the sunshine, absorbed in the task of picking winners.

1963, George Blaikie, Scandals of Australia's Strange Past, Adelaide: Rigby Limited, page 117:

(Australia, horse racing, with 'the' or attributively, sometimes with capital) the area in the centre of a racecourse.