rape

en-noun

rape (countable and uncountable, plural rapes)

United States District Court for the Southern District of New York

From Middle English rapen, rappen (“to abduct; ravish; seduce; rape; seize; snatch; carry off; transport”), probably from Latin rapere (verb), possibly through or influenced by Anglo-Norman rap, rape (noun) (compare also ravish). But compare Swedish rappa (“to snatch, seize, carry off”), Low German rapen (“to snatch, seize”), Dutch rapen (“to pick up, gather, collect”); the relationship with Germanic forms is not clear. Cognate with Lithuanian reikėti (“to be in need”). Compare also rap (“seize, snatch”). Further, some senses may be from Etymology 3, an Old Norse word.

cog

I fled; but he pursued (though more, it seems,
 Inflamed with lust than rage), and, swifter far,
 Me overtook, his mother, all dismayed,
 And, in embraces forcible and foul
 Engendering with me, of that rape begot
 These yelling monsters […]

1667, John Milton, “Book II”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

Last April the media world exploded in indignation at the rape and beating of a jogger in Central Park.

1990 January 22, ‘Turning Victims into Saints’, Time:

Castor and Pollux are one set of twins birthed by Leda after her rape by Zeus in swan form; […]

2013, William Butler Yeats, The Collected Works of W.B. Yeats Volume XIII: A Vision: The Original 1925 Version, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN:

For quotations using this term, see Citations:rape.

The act of forcing sex upon another person without their consent or against their will; originally coitus forced by a man on a woman, but now generally any sex act forced by any person upon another person; by extension, any non-consensual sex act forced on or perpetrated by any being.


rape

en-verb

rape (third-person singular simple present rapes, present participle raping, simple past and past participle raped)

rapes (present singular third-person)
raping (participle present)
raped (participle past)
raped (past)

From Middle English rapen, from Old Norse hrapa (“to fall, rush headlong, hurry, hasten”), from Proto-Germanic *hrapaną (“to fall down”). Cognate with Norwegian rapa (“to slip, fall”), Danish rappe (“to make haste”), German rappeln (“to hasten, hurry”).

der

(obsolete, intransitive or reflexive) To make haste; to hasten or hurry.


rape

From Middle English rape, from Latin rāpa, from rāpum (“turnip”).

After the Industrial Revolution, it was discovered that rape also yields oil suitable for lubrication.

2001, Bill Lambrecht, Dinner at the New Gene Café, page 231:

Brassica napus
Brassica napus#Translingual


stock

en-noun

stock (countable and uncountable, plural stocks or (obsolete) stocken)

stocks (plural)
stocken (obsolete plural)

→ Dutch: stock

desctree

→ French: stock
→ Romanian: stoc
→ Turkish: stok

→ Italian: stock

→ Portuguese: estoque

→ Spanish: stock

From Middle English stok, from Old English stocc, from Proto-West Germanic *stokk, from Proto-Germanic *stukkaz (“tree-trunk”), with modern senses mostly referring either to the trunk from which the tree grows (figuratively, its origin and/or support/foundation), or to a piece of wood, stick, or rod. The senses of "supply" and "raw material" arose from a probable conflation with steck (“an item of goods, merchandise”) or the use of split tally sticks consisting of foil or counterfoil and stock to capture paid taxes, debts or exchanges. Doublet of chock.

stark (non-rhotic, father-bother merger)

The raw material from which things are made; feedstock.


mustard

en-noun

mustard (usually uncountable, plural mustards)

From Middle English mustard, from Old French moustarde (French moutarde), from moust (“must”), from Latin mustum. Compare Saterland Frisian Muster (“mustard”), Dutch mosterd (“mustard”), German Low German Musterd (“mustard”), Icelandic mustarður (“mustard”). Displaced Middle English senep, from Old English senep, from Latin sināpi (“mustard”). Doublet of mostarda.

A plant of certain species of the genus Brassica, or of related genera (especially Sinapis alba, in the family Brassicaceae, with yellow flowers, and linear seed pods).


菘

菘 (canonical)
suzuna (romanization)
すずな (hiragana historical)

Compound of 鈴 (suzu, “bell”) + 菜 (na, “greens”).


蕪

聖護院蕪菁

聖護院蕪菁 しょうごいんかぶら

天王寺蕪

天王寺蕪 てんのうじかぶら


薺

ja-noun

薺(なずな) or 薺(ナズナ) • (nazuna) ^(←なづな (naduna)?)

薺 (canonical)
薺 (canonical)
nazuna (romanization)
naduna (romanization)
なづな (hiragana historical)

/nad͡zuna/ > /nazuna/
Unclear. There are two leading theories, based on older form nadzuna:
* May be derived from natsu na, as in 夏 (natsu, “summer”) + 無 (na, “missing, gone”), from the way the plant dies back in the summer.
* May be derived from nadzuru na, as in 撫づる (nadzuru, “to pet, to pat, to stroke”, the 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of Old Japanese verb 撫づ nadzu, modern Japanese 撫でる naderu) + 菜 (na, “edible greens”), from the way the flower clusters may invite handling.

Capsella bursa-pastoris
Capsella bursa-pastoris#Translingual

shepherd's purse, Capsella bursa-pastoris


cauliflower

en-noun

cauliflower (countable and uncountable, plural cauliflowers)

→ Japanese: カリフラワー (karifurawā)

From 16th century cole-florye, equivalent to cole (from Latin caulis) + flower, reformed to more closely match the Latin etymon. Cognate with French chou-fleur, Italian cavolfiore.

ASPARAGUS, cauliflowers, imperial Sileſia, royal and cabbage lettuces, burnet, purſlain, cucumbers, naſturtian flowers, peaſe and beans ſown in October, artichokes, ſcarlet ſtrawberries, and kidney beans.

1767, A Lady [Hannah Glasse], The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Eaſy […] , page 326:

Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, an annual variety of cabbage, of which the cluster of young flower stalks and buds is eaten as a vegetable.

His ears were small (fortunately so, given his dramatic hairstyle) and bore no traditional cauliflowers.

2018, John Harding, The Whitechapel Whirlwind: The Jack Kid Berg Story:


cauliflower

en-verb

cauliflower (third-person singular simple present cauliflowers, present participle cauliflowering, simple past and past participle cauliflowered)

cauliflowers (present singular third-person)
cauliflowering (participle present)
cauliflowered (participle past)
cauliflowered (past)

I noticed his right ear was badly cauliflowered and that explained a number of things. It wasn't a new job of cauliflowering.

1947, Elliott Chaze, The Stainless Steel Kimono, page 49:

Returning to your first point, the cauliflowering of magnesite bricks — we presume that this is due to your using high concentrations of oxygen for blowing the furnace, giving high checker-temperatures.

1960, Transactions of the British Ceramic Society, page 281:

The soft steel of the back edge by now has cauliflowered over from hammering on it.

1974, Alexander G. Weygers, The Modern Blacksmith, page 39:

(transitive, intransitive) To (cause to) swell up like a cauliflower ear.


swede

From the earlier term Swedish turnip, because the Swedes introduced the plant to the English in the 1700s.

(chiefly British) The fleshy yellow root of a variety of rape, Brassica napus var. napobrassica, resembling a large turnip, grown as a vegetable.

(Scotland, Ireland, Northern England) The turnip.

Gotta be so careful nowadays; local copper's no problem but the cow from the council done me 'cos this almost brained a punter when it fell on his swede.

2005, The Spectator, volume 299, page 49:


swede

swede (third-person singular simple present swedes, present participle sweding, simple past and past participle sweded)

swedes (present singular third-person)
sweding (participle present)
sweded (participle past)
sweded (past)

Coined by Michel Gondry in the film Be Kind Rewind, from the claim that films produced in this way were imported from Sweden.

Chances are you've sweded something before without even knowing it.

2008, “The Five Most Awesomely Sweded Movies”, in Esquire:

Luke Skywalker, Indiana Jones and John Rambo are this era's King Arthur, Beowulf and Robin Hood – and sweding represents a playful and heartfelt engagement with their myths.

2014, The Guardian, Sweded movies: the end of Hollywood as we know it?:

To produce a low-budget remake of a film without the use of professional actors or filming techniques.


wasabi

en-noun

wasabi (usually uncountable, plural wasabis)

A pungent green Japanese condiment made from the plant Eutrema japonicum (syn. Wasabia japonica).


wasabi

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese 山葵 (wasabi).

ubor

Eutrema japonicum
Wikispecies:Eutrema japonicum


horseradish

en-noun

horseradish (countable and uncountable, plural horseradishes)

/ˈhɔɹsɹædɪʃ/

/ˈhɔːsɹædɪʃ/

Armoracia rusticana
Armoracia rusticana#Translingual

(countable) A plant of the mustard family, Armoracia rusticana.

(uncountable) A pungent condiment made from the root of the plant.


山葵

/ʂän⁵⁵ kʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵/

/saːn⁵⁵ kʷʰɐi̯²¹/

/ʂän⁵⁵ kʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵/

/saːn⁵⁵ kʷʰɐi̯²¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 山葵 (wasabi).

obor

Japanese horseradish
Japanese horseradish

wasabi: the Japanese horseradish (Eutrema japonicum, Wasabia japonica)


山葵

山葵 (canonical)
山葵 (canonical)
wasabi (romanization)

→ English: wasabi

→ Hokkien: 哇沙米 (oa-sá-bih)

→ Mandarin: 哇沙比 (wāshābǐ)

→ Miyako: 山葵 (wasabi)

*/wasapi/ → /wasabi/
First attested in the Honzō Wamyō (918 CE) with this kanji compound and phonetic spelling of 和佐比.
The kanji reflects where the plant was first observed: 山 (yama, “mountains”), and their leaves resembling 葵 (aoi, “hollyhocks”) or 銭葵 (zeniaoi, “mallows”).

山葵澄まし

grated wasabi mixed with soy sauce and mirin

山葵 葉似葵、故名之、生深山、出崔禹 竜珠 実名也、出孟詵 和名和佐比

c. 918, 深根輔仁 [Fukane Sukehito], 本草和名 [Japanese Names of Herbs, Honzō Wamyō]:

the wasabi plant, the Japanese horseradish (Eutrema japonicum)


西洋山葵

ja-noun

西(せい)洋(よう)山葵(わさび) or 西洋山葵(セイヨウワサビ) • (seiyō wasabi) ^(←せいやうわさび (seiyauwasabi)?)

西洋山葵 (canonical)
西洋山葵 (canonical)
seiyō wasabi (romanization)
seiyauwasabi (romanization)
せいやうわさび (hiragana historical)

Compound of 西洋(せいよう) (seiyō, “Western”) + 山葵(わさび) (wasabi, “wasabi”).


kaali

kaali (nominative singular)
kaalit (nominative plural)
kaali (accusative nominative singular)
kaalit (accusative nominative plural)
kaalin (accusative genitive singular)
kaalit (accusative genitive plural)
kaalin (genitive singular)
kaalien (genitive plural)
kaalia (partitive singular)
kaaleja (partitive plural)
kaalissa (inessive singular)
kaaleissa (inessive plural)
kaalista (elative singular)
kaaleista (elative plural)
kaaliin (illative singular)
kaaleihin (illative plural)
kaalilla (adessive singular)
kaaleilla (adessive plural)
kaalilta (ablative singular)
kaaleilta (ablative plural)
kaalille (allative singular)
kaaleille (allative plural)
kaalina (essive singular)
kaaleina (essive plural)
kaaliksi (singular translative)
kaaleiksi (plural translative)
kaalitta (abessive singular)
kaaleitta (abessive plural)
kaalein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
kaalini (nominative singular)
kaalini (nominative plural)
kaalini (accusative nominative singular)
kaalini (accusative nominative plural)
kaalini (accusative genitive singular)
kaalini (accusative genitive plural)
kaalini (genitive singular)
kaalieni (genitive plural)
kaaliani (partitive singular)
kaalejani (partitive plural)
kaalissani (inessive singular)
kaaleissani (inessive plural)
kaalistani (elative singular)
kaaleistani (elative plural)
kaaliini (illative singular)
kaaleihini (illative plural)
kaalillani (adessive singular)
kaaleillani (adessive plural)
kaaliltani (ablative singular)
kaaleiltani (ablative plural)
kaalilleni (allative singular)
kaaleilleni (allative plural)
kaalinani (essive singular)
kaaleinani (essive plural)
kaalikseni (singular translative)
kaaleikseni (plural translative)
kaalittani (abessive singular)
kaaleittani (abessive plural)
kaaleineni (comitative plural)
kaalisi (nominative singular)
kaalisi (nominative plural)
kaalisi (accusative nominative singular)
kaalisi (accusative nominative plural)
kaalisi (accusative genitive singular)
kaalisi (accusative genitive plural)
kaalisi (genitive singular)
kaaliesi (genitive plural)
kaaliasi (partitive singular)
kaalejasi (partitive plural)
kaalissasi (inessive singular)
kaaleissasi (inessive plural)
kaalistasi (elative singular)
kaaleistasi (elative plural)
kaaliisi (illative singular)
kaaleihisi (illative plural)
kaalillasi (adessive singular)
kaaleillasi (adessive plural)
kaaliltasi (ablative singular)
kaaleiltasi (ablative plural)
kaalillesi (allative singular)
kaaleillesi (allative plural)
kaalinasi (essive singular)
kaaleinasi (essive plural)
kaaliksesi (singular translative)
kaaleiksesi (plural translative)
kaalittasi (abessive singular)
kaaleittasi (abessive plural)
kaaleinesi (comitative plural)
kaalimme (nominative singular)
kaalimme (nominative plural)
kaalimme (accusative nominative singular)
kaalimme (accusative nominative plural)
kaalimme (accusative genitive singular)
kaalimme (accusative genitive plural)
kaalimme (genitive singular)
kaaliemme (genitive plural)
kaaliamme (partitive singular)
kaalejamme (partitive plural)
kaalissamme (inessive singular)
kaaleissamme (inessive plural)
kaalistamme (elative singular)
kaaleistamme (elative plural)
kaaliimme (illative singular)
kaaleihimme (illative plural)
kaalillamme (adessive singular)
kaaleillamme (adessive plural)
kaaliltamme (ablative singular)
kaaleiltamme (ablative plural)
kaalillemme (allative singular)
kaaleillemme (allative plural)
kaalinamme (essive singular)
kaaleinamme (essive plural)
kaaliksemme (singular translative)
kaaleiksemme (plural translative)
kaalittamme (abessive singular)
kaaleittamme (abessive plural)
kaaleinemme (comitative plural)
kaalinne (nominative singular)
kaalinne (nominative plural)
kaalinne (accusative nominative singular)
kaalinne (accusative nominative plural)
kaalinne (accusative genitive singular)
kaalinne (accusative genitive plural)
kaalinne (genitive singular)
kaalienne (genitive plural)
kaalianne (partitive singular)
kaalejanne (partitive plural)
kaalissanne (inessive singular)
kaaleissanne (inessive plural)
kaalistanne (elative singular)
kaaleistanne (elative plural)
kaaliinne (illative singular)
kaaleihinne (illative plural)
kaalillanne (adessive singular)
kaaleillanne (adessive plural)
kaaliltanne (ablative singular)
kaaleiltanne (ablative plural)
kaalillenne (allative singular)
kaaleillenne (allative plural)
kaalinanne (essive singular)
kaaleinanne (essive plural)
kaaliksenne (singular translative)
kaaleiksenne (plural translative)
kaalittanne (abessive singular)
kaaleittanne (abessive plural)
kaaleinenne (comitative plural)
kaalinsa (nominative singular)
kaalinsa (nominative plural)
kaalinsa (accusative nominative singular)
kaalinsa (accusative nominative plural)
kaalinsa (accusative genitive singular)
kaalinsa (accusative genitive plural)
kaalinsa (genitive singular)
kaaliensa (genitive plural)
kaaliaan (partitive singular)
kaaliansa (partitive singular)
kaalejaan (partitive plural)
kaalejansa (partitive plural)
kaalissaan (inessive singular)
kaalissansa (inessive singular)
kaaleissaan (inessive plural)
kaaleissansa (inessive plural)
kaalistaan (elative singular)
kaalistansa (elative singular)
kaaleistaan (elative plural)
kaaleistansa (elative plural)
kaaliinsa (illative singular)
kaaleihinsa (illative plural)
kaalillaan (adessive singular)
kaalillansa (adessive singular)
kaaleillaan (adessive plural)
kaaleillansa (adessive plural)
kaaliltaan (ablative singular)
kaaliltansa (ablative singular)
kaaleiltaan (ablative plural)
kaaleiltansa (ablative plural)
kaalilleen (allative singular)
kaalillensa (allative singular)
kaaleilleen (allative plural)
kaaleillensa (allative plural)
kaalinaan (essive singular)
kaalinansa (essive singular)
kaaleinaan (essive plural)
kaaleinansa (essive plural)
kaalikseen (singular translative)
kaaliksensa (singular translative)
kaaleikseen (plural translative)
kaaleiksensa (plural translative)
kaalittaan (abessive singular)
kaalittansa (abessive singular)
kaaleittaan (abessive plural)
kaaleittansa (abessive plural)
kaaleineen (comitative plural)
kaaleinensa (comitative plural)
kaali (nominative singular)
kaalet (nominative plural)
kaali (accusative nominative singular)
kaalet (accusative nominative plural)
kaalen (accusative genitive singular)
kaalet (accusative genitive plural)
kaalen (genitive singular)
kaalten (genitive plural)
kaalien (genitive plural)
kaalta (partitive singular)
kaalia (partitive plural)
kaalessa (inessive singular)
kaalissa (inessive plural)
kaalesta (elative singular)
kaalista (elative plural)
kaaleen (illative singular)
kaaliin (illative plural)
kaalella (adessive singular)
kaalilla (adessive plural)
kaalelta (ablative singular)
kaalilta (ablative plural)
kaalelle (allative singular)
kaalille (allative plural)
kaalena (essive singular)
kaalina (essive plural)
kaaleksi (singular translative)
kaaliksi (plural translative)
kaaletta (abessive singular)
kaalitta (abessive plural)
kaalin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
kaaleni (nominative singular)
kaaleni (nominative plural)
kaaleni (accusative nominative singular)
kaaleni (accusative nominative plural)
kaaleni (accusative genitive singular)
kaaleni (accusative genitive plural)
kaaleni (genitive singular)
kaalteni (genitive plural)
kaalieni (genitive plural)
kaaltani (partitive singular)
kaaliani (partitive plural)
kaalessani (inessive singular)
kaalissani (inessive plural)
kaalestani (elative singular)
kaalistani (elative plural)
kaaleeni (illative singular)
kaaliini (illative plural)
kaalellani (adessive singular)
kaalillani (adessive plural)
kaaleltani (ablative singular)
kaaliltani (ablative plural)
kaalelleni (allative singular)
kaalilleni (allative plural)
kaalenani (essive singular)
kaalinani (essive plural)
kaalekseni (singular translative)
kaalikseni (plural translative)
kaalettani (abessive singular)
kaalittani (abessive plural)
kaalineni (comitative plural)
kaalesi (nominative singular)
kaalesi (nominative plural)
kaalesi (accusative nominative singular)
kaalesi (accusative nominative plural)
kaalesi (accusative genitive singular)
kaalesi (accusative genitive plural)
kaalesi (genitive singular)
kaaltesi (genitive plural)
kaaliesi (genitive plural)
kaaltasi (partitive singular)
kaaliasi (partitive plural)
kaalessasi (inessive singular)
kaalissasi (inessive plural)
kaalestasi (elative singular)
kaalistasi (elative plural)
kaaleesi (illative singular)
kaaliisi (illative plural)
kaalellasi (adessive singular)
kaalillasi (adessive plural)
kaaleltasi (ablative singular)
kaaliltasi (ablative plural)
kaalellesi (allative singular)
kaalillesi (allative plural)
kaalenasi (essive singular)
kaalinasi (essive plural)
kaaleksesi (singular translative)
kaaliksesi (plural translative)
kaalettasi (abessive singular)
kaalittasi (abessive plural)
kaalinesi (comitative plural)
kaalemme (nominative singular)
kaalemme (nominative plural)
kaalemme (accusative nominative singular)
kaalemme (accusative nominative plural)
kaalemme (accusative genitive singular)
kaalemme (accusative genitive plural)
kaalemme (genitive singular)
kaaltemme (genitive plural)
kaaliemme (genitive plural)
kaaltamme (partitive singular)
kaaliamme (partitive plural)
kaalessamme (inessive singular)
kaalissamme (inessive plural)
kaalestamme (elative singular)
kaalistamme (elative plural)
kaaleemme (illative singular)
kaaliimme (illative plural)
kaalellamme (adessive singular)
kaalillamme (adessive plural)
kaaleltamme (ablative singular)
kaaliltamme (ablative plural)
kaalellemme (allative singular)
kaalillemme (allative plural)
kaalenamme (essive singular)
kaalinamme (essive plural)
kaaleksemme (singular translative)
kaaliksemme (plural translative)
kaalettamme (abessive singular)
kaalittamme (abessive plural)
kaalinemme (comitative plural)
kaalenne (nominative singular)
kaalenne (nominative plural)
kaalenne (accusative nominative singular)
kaalenne (accusative nominative plural)
kaalenne (accusative genitive singular)
kaalenne (accusative genitive plural)
kaalenne (genitive singular)
kaaltenne (genitive plural)
kaalienne (genitive plural)
kaaltanne (partitive singular)
kaalianne (partitive plural)
kaalessanne (inessive singular)
kaalissanne (inessive plural)
kaalestanne (elative singular)
kaalistanne (elative plural)
kaaleenne (illative singular)
kaaliinne (illative plural)
kaalellanne (adessive singular)
kaalillanne (adessive plural)
kaaleltanne (ablative singular)
kaaliltanne (ablative plural)
kaalellenne (allative singular)
kaalillenne (allative plural)
kaalenanne (essive singular)
kaalinanne (essive plural)
kaaleksenne (singular translative)
kaaliksenne (plural translative)
kaalettanne (abessive singular)
kaalittanne (abessive plural)
kaalinenne (comitative plural)
kaalensa (nominative singular)
kaalensa (nominative plural)
kaalensa (accusative nominative singular)
kaalensa (accusative nominative plural)
kaalensa (accusative genitive singular)
kaalensa (accusative genitive plural)
kaalensa (genitive singular)
kaaltensa (genitive plural)
kaaliensa (genitive plural)
kaaltaan (partitive singular)
kaaltansa (partitive singular)
kaaliaan (partitive plural)
kaaliansa (partitive plural)
kaalessaan (inessive singular)
kaalessansa (inessive singular)
kaalissaan (inessive plural)
kaalissansa (inessive plural)
kaalestaan (elative singular)
kaalestansa (elative singular)
kaalistaan (elative plural)
kaalistansa (elative plural)
kaaleensa (illative singular)
kaaliinsa (illative plural)
kaalellaan (adessive singular)
kaalellansa (adessive singular)
kaalillaan (adessive plural)
kaalillansa (adessive plural)
kaaleltaan (ablative singular)
kaaleltansa (ablative singular)
kaaliltaan (ablative plural)
kaaliltansa (ablative plural)
kaalelleen (allative singular)
kaalellensa (allative singular)
kaalilleen (allative plural)
kaalillensa (allative plural)
kaalenaan (essive singular)
kaalenansa (essive singular)
kaalinaan (essive plural)
kaalinansa (essive plural)
kaalekseen (singular translative)
kaaleksensa (singular translative)
kaalikseen (plural translative)
kaaliksensa (plural translative)
kaalettaan (abessive singular)
kaalettansa (abessive singular)
kaalittaan (abessive plural)
kaalittansa (abessive plural)
kaalineen (comitative plural)
kaalinensa (comitative plural)

→ Ingrian: kaali

→ Karelian:

North Karelian: kuali

South Karelian: (dialectal) kuali

Borrowed from Late Old Swedish kāl (whence Swedish kål), ultimately from Latin caulis (“stem of cabbage”).

(in the plural, botany) Brassica, a plant genus in Brassicaceae


cabbage

en-noun

cabbage (countable and uncountable, plural cabbages)

Sranan Tongo: kabisi

→ Abenaki: kabij

→ Swahili: kabichi

→ Yoruba: kábéèjì

From Middle English caboche, cabage (“cabbage”; “a certain fish”), a borrowing from Anglo-Norman caboche (“head”), a northern variant of caboce, of uncertain origin. Some authorities derive it from Latin caput (“head”), others from ca- (said to be an expressive prefix) + boce (“hump; bump”) (whence English boss).

inh

person with severely reduced mental capacities due to brain damage

Brassica oleracea var. capitata#Translingual

An edible plant (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) having a head of green leaves.

(by extension) Any of various cultivars of the species Brassica oleracea.

A terminal bud of certain palm trees, used for food.

A cabbage palmetto (Sabal palmetto), a palm of the southeastern US coasts and nearby islands.


cabbage

en-verb

cabbage (third-person singular simple present cabbages, present participle cabbaging, simple past and past participle cabbaged)

cabbages (present singular third-person)
cabbaging (participle present)
cabbaged (participle past)
cabbaged (past)

How effective the project was is a moot point, because there were never any studies carried out to see whether children benefited from cabbaging in front of the TV rather than interacting with a teacher.

2006, Steve Mckevitt, Why the World Is Full of Useless Things, page 38:

(intransitive, slang) To do nothing; to idle; veg out.


sauerkraut

en-noun

sauerkraut (countable and uncountable, plural sauerkrauts)

/ˈsaʊɚˌkɹʌʊt/

Borrowed into English around 1600 from German Sauerkraut, from sauer (“sour, acidic, spoiled”) + Kraut (“herb; cabbage”). Doublet of choucroute.

(countable, uncountable) A dish made by fermenting finely chopped cabbage.

ква́шаная капу́ста

a dish made by fermenting finely chopped cabbage


turnip

→ German: Turnip

→ Irish: tornapa

→ Russian: турнепс (turneps)

From Middle English turnepe, probably from turn + Middle English nepe, from Old English nǣp, from Latin nāpus. The component turn may be due to the round shape of the plant as though turned on a lathe, or because it must be turned and twisted to be harvested. Cognate to neep. See also parsnip.

The ancient Roman gastronomists considered the turnip, when prepared in the following manner, a dish fit for epicures: "After boiling, extract the water from them, and season with cummin, rue, or benzoin, pounded in a mortar; afterward add honey, vinegar, gravy, and boiled grapes. Allow the whole to simmer, and serve."

1892, Ella Eaton Kellogg, “Vegetables”, in Science in the Kitchen: A Scientific Treatise on Food Substances and Their Dietetic Properties, Together with a Practical Explanation of the Principles of Healthful Cookery, and a Large Number of Original, Palatable, and Wholesome Recipes, Revised edition, Michigan: Health Publishing Company, page 240:

The turnip is one of the lordliest vegetables in the world; its broth is practically a soup in itself.

1969, Robert Farrar Capon, “Living Water”, in The Supper of the Lamb: A Culinary Reflection:

Brassica rapa
Brassica rapa#Translingual

The white root of a yellow-flowered plant, Brassica rapa, grown as a vegetable and as fodder for cattle.

(Scotland, Ireland, Northern England, Cornwall, Atlantic Canada) The yellow root of a related plant, the swede or Brassica napus.

(Hong Kong) The white root of Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus, also known as a daikon.


rutabaga

rutabaga (usually uncountable, plural rutabagas)

/ˈɹutəˌbeɪɡə/

1799, borrowed from Swedish rotabagge, a dialectal word from Västergötland, from rot (“root”) + bagge (“lump, bunch”).

They were both too hungry to wait for the yams and rutabagas to bake, so tonight they would have the frozen White Castle minicheeseburgers that Mr. Van Buren had won a year's supply of just before he passed away.

(now Canada, US) The swede, or Swedish turnip; the European plant Brassica napus var. napobrassica


rutabaga

Borrowed from Swedish rotabagge, a dialectal word from Västergötland, from rot (“root”) + bagge (“lump, bunch”).


kapusta

kapusta (nominative singular)
kapusty (nominative plural)
kapusty (genitive singular)
kapust (genitive plural)
kapustě (dative singular)
kapustám (dative plural)
kapustu (accusative singular)
kapusty (accusative plural)
kapusto (singular vocative)
kapusty (plural vocative)
kapustě (locative singular)
kapustách (locative plural)
kapustou (instrumental singular)
kapustami (instrumental plural)


kapusta

kapusta (nominative singular)
kapussat (nominative plural)
kapussan (genitive singular)
kapustoin (genitive plural)
kapustaa (partitive singular)
kapustoja (partitive plural)
kapustaa (illative singular)
kapustoihe (illative plural)
kapussaas (inessive singular)
kapussois (inessive plural)
kapussast (elative singular)
kapussoist (elative plural)
kapussalle (allative singular)
kapussoille (allative plural)
kapussaal (adessive singular)
kapussoil (adessive plural)
kapussalt (ablative singular)
kapussoilt (ablative plural)
kapussaks (singular translative)
kapussoiks (plural translative)
kapustanna (essive singular)
kapustaan (essive singular)
kapustoinna (essive plural)
kapustoin (essive plural)
kapustant (exessive singular)
kapustoint (exessive plural)

Borrowed from Russian капуста (kapusta).

Kapussan, lantut, porkkanat.

1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 39:


kapusta

head

kapusta (genitive kapustan, partitive kapustua)

kapustan (genitive)
kapustua (partitive)
kapusta (nominative singular)
kapustat (nominative plural)
kapustan (genitive singular)
kapustojen (genitive plural)
kapustua (partitive singular)
kapustoja (partitive plural)
kapustah (illative singular)
kapustoih (illative plural)
kapustašša (inessive singular)
kapustoissa (inessive plural)
kapustašta (elative singular)
kapustoista (elative plural)
kapustalla (adessive singular)
kapustoilla (adessive plural)
kapustalta (ablative singular)
kapustoilta (ablative plural)
kapustakši (singular translative)
kapustoiksi (plural translative)
kapustana (essive singular)
kapustoina (essive plural)
kapustoineh (comitative plural)
kapustatta (abessive singular)
kapustoitta (abessive plural)
kapusta (nominative singular)
kapustat (nominative plural)
kapustan (genitive singular)
kapustoin (genitive plural)
kapustua (partitive singular)
kapustoida (partitive plural)
kapustah (illative singular)
kapustoih (illative plural)
kapustašša (inessive singular)
kapustoissa (inessive plural)
kapustašta (elative singular)
kapustoista (elative plural)
kapustalla (adessive singular)
kapustoilla (adessive plural)
kapustalda (ablative singular)
kapustoilda (ablative plural)
kapustakši (singular translative)
kapustoiksi (plural translative)
kapustana (essive singular)
kapustoina (essive plural)
kapustanke (comitative singular)
kapustoinke (comitative plural)
kapustatta (abessive singular)
kapustoitta (abessive plural)
kapustani (first-person possessive)
kapustaš (possessive second-person)
kapustah (possessive third-person)

krl-decl-table

type 4/<i class="Latn mention" lang="krl">kala</i>, no gradation

type 4/<i class="Latn mention" lang="krl">kala</i> no gradation


kapusta

kapusta (nominative singular)
kapusty (nominative plural)
kapusty (genitive singular)
kapustów (genitive plural)
kapuście (dative singular)
kapustom (dative plural)
kapustę (accusative singular)
kapustów (accusative plural)
kapustą (instrumental singular)
kapustami (instrumental plural)
kapuście (locative singular)
kapustach (locative plural)
kapusto (singular vocative)
kapusty (plural vocative)

An old Romance borrowing, probably formed from a contamination of Medieval Latin composita and caputium. Compare Belarusian капу́ста (kapústa), Kashubian kapùsta, Russian капу́ста (kapústa), Silesian kapusta, Slovak kapusta, Ukrainian капу́ста (kapústa), Serbo-Croatian kupus.

(colloquial, derogatory) cabbage (person with severely reduced mental capacities due to brain damage)


kapusta

sk-noun

kapusta f (relational adjective kapustový or kapustný, diminutive kapustička)

kapustový (adjective relational)
kapustný (adjective relational)
kapustička (diminutive)
nominative
kapusta (singular)
kapusty (plural)
genitive
kapusty (singular)
kapúst (plural)
dative
kapuste (singular)
kapustám (plural)
accusative
kapustu (singular)
locative
kapustách (plural)
instrumental
kapustou (singular)
kapustami (plural)

→ English: kapusta


kale

en-noun

kale (usually uncountable, plural kales)

→ Japanese: ケール (kēru)

From Northern Middle English cale, cal (Southern col), from Old English cāl, cāul, cāwel, from Latin caulis. Compare Icelandic kál (“cabbage”), German Kohl (“cabbage”). Doublet of caulis, cole, and gobi.

boerkool

edible plant: Brassica oleracea acephala

Brassica oleracea
Brassica oleracea#Translingual

Any of several cabbage-like food plants that are kinds of Brassica oleracea.


honesty

honesty (countable and uncountable, plural honesties)

From Middle English honeste (“honour, integrity”), from Old French honesté (compare modern French honnêteté) (honest + -y); the plant, from the visibility of the seeds through the translucent pods. Displaced native Old English sōþfæstnes; and non-native Middle English prodonomee, from Old French prodomie.

inh

Various measures were taken to avoid it, most popular being the suspension of certain herbs and tree branches over the doorways of dwellings and stables. Commonly used greenery were tansy, honesty, garlic, St. John's Wort, mountain ash, roadside verbena.

1940, Rosetta E. Clarkson, Green Enchantments: The Magic Spell of Gardens, The Macmillan Company, page 271:

She thought a minute, then stepped nimbly back into her cottage; and what she came out with at last was, a sprig of dry leaves, round as shillings, white as paper, quivering on a few thin stalks that looked ready to snap.
It was honesty.

2002, Sarah Waters, chapter 6, in Fingersmith, London: Virago, →ISBN, part 1, page 156:

(countable) Any of various crucifers in the genus Lunaria, several of which are grown as ornamentals, particularly Lunaria annua.


awlwort

en-noun

awlwort (usually uncountable, plural awlworts)

An aquatic plant, Subularia aquatica, with awl-shaped leaves.


כרוב

he-noun

כְּרוּב • (kruv) m (plural indefinite כְּרוּבִים)

כְּרוּב (canonical)
kruv (romanization)
כְּרוּבִים (indefinite plural)

→ Arabic: كَرُوبِيّ (karūbiyy)

→ Amharic: ኪሩብ (kirub)

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: χερούβ (kheroúb)
Greek: χερουβείμ (cherouveím), χερουβίμ (cherouvím)
→ Latin: cherūb
→ Catalan: querubí
→ Dutch: cherub
→ German: Cherub
→ English: cherub
→ French: chérubin
→ Galician: querubín
→ Italian: cherubino
→ Polish: cherub
→ Portuguese: querubim
→ Spanish: querubín
→ Old Church Slavonic: херовимъ (xerovimŭ)
→ Old East Slavic: хероувимъ (xeruvimŭ)
Russian: херувим (xeruvim)

→ Classical Syriac: ܟܪܘܒܐ

From a Proto-Semitic source akin to Akkadian 𒅗𒊒𒁍 (“to bless”), 𒅗𒊑𒁍 (“one who blesses”).


cole

en-noun

cole (usually uncountable, plural coles)

Wikispecies
From Middle English cole, col, from Old English cawel, from Germanic, from Latin caulis (“cabbage”). Cognate with Dutch kool, German Kohl. Doublet of caulis, gobi, and kale.

Brassica; a plant of the Brassica genus, especially those of Brassica oleracea (rape and coleseed).


colza

From French colza, from Dutch koolzaad (“cabbage seed, (later) colza”), from Middle Dutch coolsaet, from kool (“cole”) + zaad (“seed”).

der

Oilseed rape (Brassica napus), cultivated for its seeds, which yield an oil, valued for illuminating and lubricating purposes.


cress

en-noun

cress (countable and uncountable, plural cresses)

From Middle English cresse, crasse, from Old English cressa, cærse (“cress”), from Proto-West Germanic *krassjō, from Proto-Germanic *krasjô (“cress”). Cognate with West Frisian kers (“cress”), Dutch kers (“cress”), German Kresse (“cress”), Danish karse (“cress”), Swedish krasse (“cress”), Icelandic krassi (“cress”).

(plants) A plant of various species, chiefly cruciferous. The leaves have a moderately pungent taste, and are used as a salad and antiscorbutic.

rockcress

species of Arabis, Arabidopsis, Cardaminopsis

water-cress

Nasturtium officinale; also Nasturtium microphyllum


Kren

de-noun

Kren m (strong, genitive Krenes or Krens, no plural)

Krenes (genitive)
Krens (genitive)
Kren (nominative singular)
Krenes (genitive singular)
Krens (genitive singular)
Kren (dative singular)
Krene (dative singular)
Kren (accusative singular)

From Middle High German krēn, krēne, chrēn. Ultimately from Proto-Slavic *xrěnъ via a Slavic language like Czech křen (compare Silesian East Central German Krên), used in southern Germany and Austria.

(Austria, Bavaria, Southern Germany) horseradish (plant of the mustard family, Armoracia rusticana)


turnip greens

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-turnip greens.wav

The edible leaves of the turnip plant (Brassica rapa).


nasturtium

en-noun

nasturtium (plural nasturtiums or nasturtia)

/nəsˈtɜːʃəm/

From Middle English nasturcium, from Old English nasturcium (“watercress”), from Latin nasturtium.

To me a nasturtium by the river brink is more than a simple flower. It is a broader, grander, more magnificent, more stupendous symbol. It may mean anything, everything—such as sunsets and conflagrations and Götterdämmerungs!

1915, Robert W. Chambers, “Un Peu d'Amour”, in Police!!!:

Drenched were the cold fuchsias, round pearls of dew lay on the flat nasturtium leaves.

1922, Katherine Mansfield [pseudonym; Kathleen Mansfield Murry], “At the Bay”, in The Garden Party, London: Constable & Company, page 1:

The popular name of any of the plants in the Tropaeolum genus of flowering plants native to south and central America.

Tropaeolum majus
Tropaeolum majus#Translingual

A plant in this genus, garden nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus).

Any of the plants in the genus Nasturtium that includes watercress.


wallflower

A polypetalous corolla is either cruciform, as in a wall-flower, rosaceous, papilionaceous, as in the pea kind, or incomplete, when some parts found in analogous flowers are wanting.

1809, William Nicholson, “BOTANY”, in The British Encyclopedia, or Dictionary of Arts and Sciences; […], volume I (A … B), London: Printed by C[harles] Whittingham, […]; for Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, […], →OCLC, column 1:

Any of several short-lived herbs or shrubs of the Erysimum genus with bright yellow to red flowers.

Gastrolobium grandiflorum, a poisonous bushy shrub, endemic to Australia.

Mrs. Galbraith shook all over with laughter as she replied, "Hear that boy, asking me to dance ! I'm content to be a wallflower, now-a-days."

1878, Fannie Bean, Dr. Mortimer's Patient: A Novel, page 23:

And now, by virtue of his office, he is entitled to a seat in the Grand Lodge. Is it any wonder he is a wall-flower there […]

1885, The Freemason's Repository, page 133:

It is a triumph, of course, to have plenty of partners, and not to be a wallflower for a single dance.

1897, Mrs. C. E. Humphry, Manners for Women, page 53:

Jack Breen was a wallflower; still at the same time I noticed he was cultivating an ornamental smile — a Jack of Trumps, you bet.

She was a wallflower in a sleepy little town itself a wallflower. She was a joke to the village wits and a byword to the village belles.

"Where--oh. Hidden in the corner. You two aren't already going all wallflower, are you?" "We are not wallflowers." "To be fair, I can be. But then I get mad at myself for it and get all loud and snarky."

2013 May 22, Dan Shive, El Goonish Shive (webcomic), Comic for Wednesday, May 22, 2013:

Second City was a wallflower at the show business ball. It needed to be. Improvisers needed to fail, and fail safely; and in the Midwest, far from Broadway and Hollywood, they really could. Second-class stature was the secret ingredient, ...

2017, Sam Wasson, Improv Nation: How We Made a Great American Art, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, →ISBN, page 94:

A person who does not dance at a party, due to shyness or unpopularity; by extension, anyone who is left on the sidelines while an activity takes place.

I've always been a wallflower, even in my own home. But, I'm willing to learn to be a part of your world. I would like to. I have already told my parents that I want to go to soirées.

2019, Liz Tyner, To Win a Wallflower, Harlequin, →ISBN:

(informal) Any person who is socially awkward, shy, or reserved.


wallflower

en-verb

wallflower (third-person singular simple present wallflowers, present participle wallflowering, simple past and past participle wallflowered)

wallflowers (present singular third-person)
wallflowering (participle present)
wallflowered (participle past)
wallflowered (past)

[…] the idea that a full tango experience is impossible without the presence of wallflowers and without the threat of wallflowering as the potential dancers enter the tango club.

2010, Alexandra Carter, Janet O'Shea, The Routledge Dance Studies Reader, page 237:

(intransitive) To stand shyly apart from a dance, waiting to be asked to join in.


cryptospora

Any plant of the genus Cryptospora, of the flowering plant family Brassicaceae.


rocket

Borrowed from French roquette, from Italian ruchetta, diminutive of ruca, from Latin eruca. Cognate to arugula, rucola, eruca, roquette.

Rocket larkspur (Consolida regalis, syn. Delphinium consolida).


watercress

en-noun

watercress (countable and uncountable, plural watercresses)

/ˈwɔːtəkɹɛs/

/ˈwɔtəɹkɹɛs/

From Middle English water cresse, water-kresse, watercrasse, water cars, equivalent to water + cress. Cognate with West Frisian waterkers (“watercress”), Dutch waterkers (“watercress”), Swedish vattenkrasse (“watercress”).

A spring wells up in the centre of the village, and watercress beds lie beside the stream running alongside the main street.

1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 178:

Nasturtium officinale
Nasturtium officinale#Translingual

A perennial European herb, Nasturtium officinale, that grows in freshwater streams; used in salads and as a garnish.


broccoli

broccoli (countable and uncountable, plural broccolis or broccoli)

→ Japanese: ブロッコリー (burokkorī)

→ Thai: บรอกโคลี (brɔ́k-koo-lîi)

1699, Italian broccoli, plural of broccolo (“cabbage sprout, head”), diminutive of brocco (“shoot, sprout”) (which is also the origin of brocade), from Latin broccus (“pointed, sharp, projecting; buck-toothed”), possibly of Gaulish origin, related to Proto-Celtic *brokkos (“badger”) or Proto-Celtic *brozdos (“tip, point”) (compare Scottish Gaelic brog (“pointed instrument, awl”), Welsh procio (“thrust, poke”), Old English brord (“point, spike”)). More at brochure, brad.

cog

You can also get oriental broccolis such as kailaan and nabana, which are easy to grow and really tasty.

2010, Sven Wombwell, Allotment Gardening For Dummies, John Wiley & Sons, Growing Oriental Leaf Vegetables

Examples of leafy vegetables are broccoli, spinach, celery, and chicory.

2013, Anselm Anyoha, MD, How Broccoli-Head Lost Thirty Pounds: A Handbook for Healthy Living, iUniverse, →ISBN, page 83:

A plant, Brassica oleracea var. italica, of the cabbage family, Brassicaceae; especially, the tree-shaped flower and stalk that are eaten as a vegetable.

I be smokin' broccoli, mama told me eat my veggies

2014, “Kodak Black”, in Heart Of The Projects, performed by Skrilla:

All I want is cottage, roll a cigar full of broccoli

2017, “T-Shirt”, in Culture, performed by Migos:


bok choy

/ˌbɒkˈt͡ʃɔɪ/

Borrowed from Cantonese 白菜 (baak⁶ coi³, “white vegetable”). Doublet of pechay.

A new highway near Hong Kong has the right-of-way where a farmer now squeezes in a patch of bok choy. In the past decade development has overrun much of China's arable land.

1998 October, T. R. Reid, “Feeding the Planet”, in National Geographic, number 4, page 75:

Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis#Translingual

Chinese cabbage, Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis, an East Asian leafy vegetable related to the Western cabbage.

pak-choi

Chinese cabbage, Brassica rapa chinensis


حرف

ar-verb

حَرَفَ • (ḥarafa) I (non-past يَحْرِفُ (yaḥrifu), verbal noun حَرْف (ḥarf))

حَرَفَ (canonical)
ḥarafa (romanization)
يَحْرِفُ (non-past)
حَرْف (noun-from-verb)
حَرْف (noun-from-verb)
حَارِف (active participle)
مَحْرُوف (participle passive)
حَرَفْتُ (active first-person indicative masculine past perfective singular)
حَرَفْتَ (active indicative masculine past perfective second-person singular)
حَرَفَ (active indicative masculine past perfective singular third-person)
حَرَفْتُمَا (active dual indicative masculine past perfective second-person)
حَرَفَا (active dual indicative masculine past perfective third-person)
حَرَفْنَا (active first-person indicative masculine past perfective plural)
حَرَفْتُمْ (active indicative masculine past perfective plural second-person)
حَرَفُوا (active indicative masculine past perfective plural third-person)
حَرَفْتُ (active feminine first-person indicative past perfective singular)
حَرَفْتِ (active feminine indicative past perfective second-person singular)
حَرَفَتْ (active feminine indicative past perfective singular third-person)
حَرَفْتُمَا (active dual feminine indicative past perfective second-person)
حَرَفَتَا (active dual feminine indicative past perfective third-person)
حَرَفْنَا (active feminine first-person indicative past perfective plural)
حَرَفْتُنَّ (active feminine indicative past perfective plural second-person)
حَرَفْنَ (active feminine indicative past perfective plural third-person)
أَحْرِفُ (active first-person imperfective indicative masculine non-past singular)
تَحْرِفُ (active imperfective indicative masculine non-past second-person singular)
يَحْرِفُ (active imperfective indicative masculine non-past singular third-person)
تَحْرِفَانِ (active dual imperfective indicative masculine non-past second-person)
يَحْرِفَانِ (active dual imperfective indicative masculine non-past third-person)
نَحْرِفُ (active first-person imperfective indicative masculine non-past plural)
تَحْرِفُونَ (active imperfective indicative masculine non-past plural second-person)
يَحْرِفُونَ (active imperfective indicative masculine non-past plural third-person)
أَحْرِفُ (active feminine first-person imperfective indicative non-past singular)
تَحْرِفِينَ (active feminine imperfective indicative non-past second-person singular)
تَحْرِفُ (active feminine imperfective indicative non-past singular third-person)
تَحْرِفَانِ (active dual feminine imperfective indicative non-past second-person)
تَحْرِفَانِ (active dual feminine imperfective indicative non-past third-person)
نَحْرِفُ (active feminine first-person imperfective indicative non-past plural)
تَحْرِفْنَ (active feminine imperfective indicative non-past plural second-person)
يَحْرِفْنَ (active feminine imperfective indicative non-past plural third-person)
أَحْرِفَ (active first-person masculine singular subjunctive)
تَحْرِفَ (active masculine second-person singular subjunctive)
يَحْرِفَ (active masculine singular subjunctive third-person)
تَحْرِفَا (active dual masculine second-person subjunctive)
يَحْرِفَا (active dual masculine subjunctive third-person)
نَحْرِفَ (active first-person masculine plural subjunctive)
تَحْرِفُوا (active masculine plural second-person subjunctive)
يَحْرِفُوا (active masculine plural subjunctive third-person)
أَحْرِفَ (active feminine first-person singular subjunctive)
تَحْرِفِي (active feminine second-person singular subjunctive)
تَحْرِفَ (active feminine singular subjunctive third-person)
تَحْرِفَا (active dual feminine second-person subjunctive)
تَحْرِفَا (active dual feminine subjunctive third-person)
نَحْرِفَ (active feminine first-person plural subjunctive)
تَحْرِفْنَ (active feminine plural second-person subjunctive)
يَحْرِفْنَ (active feminine plural subjunctive third-person)
أَحْرِفْ (active first-person jussive masculine singular)
تَحْرِفْ (active jussive masculine second-person singular)
يَحْرِفْ (active jussive masculine singular third-person)
تَحْرِفَا (active dual jussive masculine second-person)
يَحْرِفَا (active dual jussive masculine third-person)
نَحْرِفْ (active first-person jussive masculine plural)
تَحْرِفُوا (active jussive masculine plural second-person)
يَحْرِفُوا (active jussive masculine plural third-person)
أَحْرِفْ (active feminine first-person jussive singular)
تَحْرِفِي (active feminine jussive second-person singular)
تَحْرِفْ (active feminine jussive singular third-person)
تَحْرِفَا (active dual feminine jussive second-person)
تَحْرِفَا (active dual feminine jussive third-person)
نَحْرِفْ (active feminine first-person jussive plural)
تَحْرِفْنَ (active feminine jussive plural second-person)
يَحْرِفْنَ (active feminine jussive plural third-person)
اِحْرِفْ (active imperative masculine second-person singular)
اِحْرِفَا (active dual imperative masculine second-person)
اِحْرِفُوا (active imperative masculine plural second-person)
اِحْرِفِي (active feminine imperative second-person singular)
اِحْرِفَا (active dual feminine imperative second-person)
اِحْرِفْنَ (active feminine imperative plural second-person)
حُرِفْتُ (first-person indicative masculine passive past perfective singular)
حُرِفْتَ (indicative masculine passive past perfective second-person singular)
حُرِفَ (indicative masculine passive past perfective singular third-person)
حُرِفْتُمَا (dual indicative masculine passive past perfective second-person)
حُرِفَا (dual indicative masculine passive past perfective third-person)
حُرِفْنَا (first-person indicative masculine passive past perfective plural)
حُرِفْتُمْ (indicative masculine passive past perfective plural second-person)
حُرِفُوا (indicative masculine passive past perfective plural third-person)
حُرِفْتُ (feminine first-person indicative passive past perfective singular)
حُرِفْتِ (feminine indicative passive past perfective second-person singular)
حُرِفَتْ (feminine indicative passive past perfective singular third-person)
حُرِفْتُمَا (dual feminine indicative passive past perfective second-person)
حُرِفَتَا (dual feminine indicative passive past perfective third-person)
حُرِفْنَا (feminine first-person indicative passive past perfective plural)
حُرِفْتُنَّ (feminine indicative passive past perfective plural second-person)
حُرِفْنَ (feminine indicative passive past perfective plural third-person)
أُحْرَفُ (first-person imperfective indicative masculine non-past passive singular)
تُحْرَفُ (imperfective indicative masculine non-past passive second-person singular)
يُحْرَفُ (imperfective indicative masculine non-past passive singular third-person)
تُحْرَفَانِ (dual imperfective indicative masculine non-past passive second-person)
يُحْرَفَانِ (dual imperfective indicative masculine non-past passive third-person)
نُحْرَفُ (first-person imperfective indicative masculine non-past passive plural)
تُحْرَفُونَ (imperfective indicative masculine non-past passive plural second-person)
يُحْرَفُونَ (imperfective indicative masculine non-past passive plural third-person)
أُحْرَفُ (feminine first-person imperfective indicative non-past passive singular)
تُحْرَفِينَ (feminine imperfective indicative non-past passive second-person singular)
تُحْرَفُ (feminine imperfective indicative non-past passive singular third-person)
تُحْرَفَانِ (dual feminine imperfective indicative non-past passive second-person)
تُحْرَفَانِ (dual feminine imperfective indicative non-past passive third-person)
نُحْرَفُ (feminine first-person imperfective indicative non-past passive plural)
تُحْرَفْنَ (feminine imperfective indicative non-past passive plural second-person)
يُحْرَفْنَ (feminine imperfective indicative non-past passive plural third-person)
أُحْرَفَ (first-person masculine passive singular subjunctive)
تُحْرَفَ (masculine passive second-person singular subjunctive)
يُحْرَفَ (masculine passive singular subjunctive third-person)
تُحْرَفَا (dual masculine passive second-person subjunctive)
يُحْرَفَا (dual masculine passive subjunctive third-person)
نُحْرَفَ (first-person masculine passive plural subjunctive)
تُحْرَفُوا (masculine passive plural second-person subjunctive)
يُحْرَفُوا (masculine passive plural subjunctive third-person)
أُحْرَفَ (feminine first-person passive singular subjunctive)
تُحْرَفِي (feminine passive second-person singular subjunctive)
تُحْرَفَ (feminine passive singular subjunctive third-person)
تُحْرَفَا (dual feminine passive second-person subjunctive)
تُحْرَفَا (dual feminine passive subjunctive third-person)
نُحْرَفَ (feminine first-person passive plural subjunctive)
تُحْرَفْنَ (feminine passive plural second-person subjunctive)
يُحْرَفْنَ (feminine passive plural subjunctive third-person)
أُحْرَفْ (first-person jussive masculine passive singular)
تُحْرَفْ (jussive masculine passive second-person singular)
يُحْرَفْ (jussive masculine passive singular third-person)
تُحْرَفَا (dual jussive masculine passive second-person)
يُحْرَفَا (dual jussive masculine passive third-person)
نُحْرَفْ (first-person jussive masculine passive plural)
تُحْرَفُوا (jussive masculine passive plural second-person)
يُحْرَفُوا (jussive masculine passive plural third-person)
أُحْرَفْ (feminine first-person jussive passive singular)
تُحْرَفِي (feminine jussive passive second-person singular)
تُحْرَفْ (feminine jussive passive singular third-person)
تُحْرَفَا (dual feminine jussive passive second-person)
تُحْرَفَا (dual feminine jussive passive third-person)
نُحْرَفْ (feminine first-person jussive passive plural)
تُحْرَفْنَ (feminine jussive passive plural second-person)
يُحْرَفْنَ (feminine jussive passive plural third-person)

Cognate to Aramaic חָרַף (ḥarap, “to scrape, sharpen, to grind”), Classical Syriac ܚܪܰܦ (ḥrap̄, “to blend, to scrape together”), Classical Syriac ܚܰܪܦܐ (ḥarp̄a, “blade, sword”), Ge'ez ሐረፈ (ḥäräfä, “to crush, to grind, to tear off the top”).


rapeseed

en-noun

rapeseed (usually uncountable, plural rapeseeds)

From Middle English rape sede, rape seed, equivalent to rape (“rapeseed plant(s)”) + seed. As a meronym for the entire plant, from the need to distinguish the plant from the etymologically unrelated verb and act rape. In this context, rape is from Latin rāpa, from rāpum (“turnip”).

The seed of the rape plant, Brassica napus, used widely for animal feed and vegetable oil.


spring greens

(plural only, chiefly British) the dark green leaves of the borecole plant, Brassica oleracea acephala, used as a vegetable; collard greens


borecole

borecole (countable and uncountable, plural borecoles)

From Dutch boerenkool (“kale”). See cole.

A form of the kale plant, Brassica oleracea acephala, used as the vegetable spring greens / collard greens.


Sauerkraut

de-noun

Sauerkraut n (strong, genitive Sauerkrauts, no plural)

Sauerkrauts (genitive)
Sauerkraut (nominative singular)
Sauerkrauts (genitive singular)
Sauerkraut (dative singular)
Sauerkraut (accusative singular)

/ˈzaʊ̯ɐkʁaʊ̯t/

sauer (“sour”) + Kraut (“cabbage”). The sense “cabbage” in the word Kraut is southern German. Sauerkraut is not a traditional term in northern and central Germany, but has now become predominant in these areas, too.


lak

lak (nominative singular)
laki (nominative plural)
laku (genitive singular)
laków (genitive plural)
lakowi (dative singular)
lakom (dative plural)
lak (accusative singular)
laki (accusative plural)
lakiem (instrumental singular)
lakami (instrumental plural)
laku (locative singular)
lakach (locative plural)
laku (singular vocative)
laki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Lack, from Latin leucoium.

wallflower (any plant of the genus Erysimum)


radish

en-noun

radish (countable and uncountable, plural radishes)

→? Malay: rades

→ Maori: rātihi

From Middle English radiche, from Old English rǣdiċ, from Proto-West Germanic *rādik, borrowed from Latin rādīcem (“root of a plant; radish”); later influenced by Anglo-Norman radich and Middle French radice, borrowed from Italian radice, from the same Latin source. Doublet of radix.

大根

ダイコン, だいこん, daikon

Many times they ſow divers ſeeds in a Bed together, as Radiſhes and Carrots, that by ſuch time as the Carrots come up, the Radiſhes may be gone. Upon beds newly ſet with Licorice they ſow Onions or Radiſh, or Lettice if their Licorice plants or ground be but weak, ſo as not quickly to cauſe a ſhadow with their leaves.

1659 (indicated as 1660), Robert Sharrock, “Of Propagation by Seed”, in The History of the Propagation & Improvement of Vegetables by the Concurrence of Art and Nature: …, Oxford: Printed by A. Lichfield, printer to the University, for Tho[mas] Robinson, →OCLC, pages 14–15

The newly-introduced radish, which has attracted the attention of horticulturists so much of late, is certainly a novelty, inasmuch as the edible portion of the plant is the seed-vessel, and not the root. The common radish, in its numerous varieties, in such an exceedingly popular salad-plant, that we are scarcely prepared to look to this genus for new economic products or floral novelties. When we consider the many varieties of radish known to this country, from the long and tapering red-root to the white turnip-radish, we might, in some measure, be prepared for a wider development of nature's laws in tropical countries.

1866 June 1, J. R. Jackson, “The New Vegetable (Raphanus caudatus.)”, in Nature and Art, volume I, number I, London: Day & Son, Limited. 6 Gate Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields, (W.C.), →OCLC, page 8:

Although hardly coming under my theme, I cannot omit this: "Against a woman's chatter: Taste at night fasting a root of radish, that day the chatter cannot harm thee."

1940, Rosetta E. Clarkson, Green Enchantments: The Magic Spell of Gardens, The Macmillan Company, page 257:

Raphanus sativus
Raphanus sativus#Translingual

Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus#Translingual

A plant of the Brassicaceae family, Raphanus sativus or Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus, having an edible root.

大根

ダイコン, だいこん, daikon

Fat people ſhould not eat freely of oily, nouriſhing diet. They ought frequently to eat radiſh, garlic, ſpices, or ſuch things as are heating, and promote perſpiration and urine.

1791, Mary Cole, “[The Family Physician; or, The Country Lady’s Benevolent Employment.] General instructions, which will, if followed, infallibly prolong life.”, in […] The Lady’s Complete Guide; or, Cookery in All Its Branches. […], 3rd edition, London: […] G[eorge] Kearsley, […], →OCLC, page 418:

The flavors of radicchio and radish are delicious with only a touch of balsamic vinegar for a dressing.

1993, Linda Gassenheimer, “Veal Dinners”, in Dinner in Minutes: Memorable Meals for Busy Cooks, New York, N.Y.: Houghton Mifflin Company, →ISBN, page 290:

Purple shoots had grown up from the wheat seeds sown in the furrows. He fell to his knees and dug up a radish. There was a sound like a bubble popping as the thin roots parted from the earth.

2015, Mo Yan [pseudonym; Guan Moye], translated by Howard Goldblatt, Radish (Penguin Specials), Melbourne, Vic.: Penguin Books Australia, →ISBN:

The root of this plant used as food. Some varieties are pungent and usually eaten raw in salads, etc., while others have a milder taste and are cooked.

rat-tail radish (Raphanus caudatus); wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum)

The Wild Radish (Raphanus raphanistrum), is Edward's trophy, brought from a piece of waste ground near Hawkhurst, in Kent. The petals are white or pale lilac, veined distinctly with a deeper shade. The Sea Radish (R. maritimus,[…]), is primrose-coloured, also veined. Fanny brought it from the beautiful cliffs near Lizard Point.

1863, Margaret Plues, “Cruciferæ”, in Rambles in Search of Wild Flowers, and How to Distinguish Them, London: Journal of Horticulture and Cottage Gardener Office, 162, Fleet Street, E.C., →OCLC, page 39:

Radishes were something new for me. The first time I tried growing for seed, I was surprised by the shape of the pods; they looked like hot peppers. Being the curious type I nibbled on a few pods and found they were delicious when still in the immature stage. I thought I had discovered something novel when, lo and behold, I found out that radishes grown in India just for their pods—a variety called Rat-Tail radish—for many years.

2015 August, Peter Burke, “Seeds”, in Year-round Indoor Salad Gardening: How to Grow Nutrient-dense Soil-sprouted Greens in Less Than 10 Days, White River Junction, Vt.: Chelsea Green Publishing, →ISBN, page 56:

With a distinguishing word: some other root plant of genus Raphanus or family Brassicaceae.


arugula

en-noun

arugula (countable and uncountable, plural arugulas)

Probably from a Southern Italian dialect word equivalent to Standard Italian rucola, whence also, since c. 1967, English rucola. Also cognate to rocket (“plant”), eruca, roquette.

A yellowish-flowered Mediterranean herb of the mustard family with flavoured leaves, often eaten in salads, that has a distinct, peppery flavor, of three species:

Eruca sativa, sometimes Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa

Eruca vesicaria
Eruca vesicaria#Translingual


neep

From Middle English neep, from Old English nǣp (“turnip, rape”), borrowed from Latin nāpus. Compare Icelandic næpa (“turnip”).
Cognate with English turnip.

Poor Mr Piddle with his long think neck and his long thin head, as bald as a neep and something the shape […]

1934, Lewis Grassic Gibbon, Grey Granite (A Scots Quair), Polygon, published 2006, page 494:

(chiefly Scotland) The swede (rutabaga); turnip.


broccoflower

broccoflower (countable and uncountable, plural broccoflowers)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-broccoflower.wav

Coordinate term: Romanesco

This colorful combo is just the thing for a busy weeknight. If you have never tasted broccoflower, its flavor is a blend of, you guessed it, broccoli and cauliflower.

2003, Christy Rost, The Family Table: Where Great Food, Friends, and Family Gather Together, Capital Books, →ISBN:

Have you met the broccoflower? Some mad scientist has crossed the cauliflower with broccoli and created an incredible veggie. Hence, the broccoflower.

2011, Jan McCracken, Healthy Carb Cookbook For Dummies, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 101:

Either of two edible plants of the species Brassica oleracea with light green heads.


Brassicaceae

A taxonomic family within the order Brassicales – mustard or cabbage family. The alternative name is Cruciferae.

Aethionema

(family): Aethionemeae, Alysseae, Alyssopsideae, Anastaticeae, Anchonieae, Aphragmeae, Arabideae, Asteae, Biscutelleae, Boechereae, Brassiceae, Buniadeae, Calepineae, Camelineae, Cardamineae, Chorisporeae, Cochlearieae, Coluteocarpeae, Conringieae, Cremolobeae, Crucihimalayeae, Descurainieae, Dontostemoneae, Erysimeae, Euclidieae, Eudemeae, Eutremeae, Halimolobeae, Heliophileae, Hesperideae, Iberideae, Isatideae, Kernereae, Lepidieae, Megacarpaeeae, Microlepidieae, Notothlaspideae, Oreophytoneae, Physarieae, Schizopetaleae, Scoliaxoneae, Sisymbrieae, Smelowskieae, Stevenieae, Thelypodieae, Thlaspideae, Turritideae, Yinshanieae – tribes; Aethionemeae

syns. Acanthocardamum, Campyloptera, Crenularia, Diastrophis, Disynoma, Iondra, Lipophragma, Moriera

Acuston

(family): Aethionemeae, Alysseae, Alyssopsideae, Anastaticeae, Anchonieae, Aphragmeae, Arabideae, Asteae, Biscutelleae, Boechereae, Brassiceae, Buniadeae, Calepineae, Camelineae, Cardamineae, Chorisporeae, Cochlearieae, Coluteocarpeae, Conringieae, Cremolobeae, Crucihimalayeae, Descurainieae, Dontostemoneae, Erysimeae, Euclidieae, Eudemeae, Eutremeae, Halimolobeae, Heliophileae, Hesperideae, Iberideae, Isatideae, Kernereae, Lepidieae, Megacarpaeeae, Microlepidieae, Notothlaspideae, Oreophytoneae, Physarieae, Schizopetaleae, Scoliaxoneae, Sisymbrieae, Smelowskieae, Stevenieae, Thelypodieae, Thlaspideae, Turritideae, Yinshanieae – tribes; Alysseae

Alyssopsis

(family): Aethionemeae, Alysseae, Alyssopsideae, Anastaticeae, Anchonieae, Aphragmeae, Arabideae, Asteae, Biscutelleae, Boechereae, Brassiceae, Buniadeae, Calepineae, Camelineae, Cardamineae, Chorisporeae, Cochlearieae, Coluteocarpeae, Conringieae, Cremolobeae, Crucihimalayeae, Descurainieae, Dontostemoneae, Erysimeae, Euclidieae, Eudemeae, Eutremeae, Halimolobeae, Heliophileae, Hesperideae, Iberideae, Isatideae, Kernereae, Lepidieae, Megacarpaeeae, Microlepidieae, Notothlaspideae, Oreophytoneae, Physarieae, Schizopetaleae, Scoliaxoneae, Sisymbrieae, Smelowskieae, Stevenieae, Thelypodieae, Thlaspideae, Turritideae, Yinshanieae – tribes; Alyssopsideae

Matthiola

syn. Lonchophora, Mathiolaria, Pirazzia, Triceras

Hornungia

syns. Hutchinsiella, Hymenolobus, Microcardamum, Pritzelago

Isatis

syns. Boreava, Goerkemia, Martinsia, Pachypteris, Pachypterygium, Sameraria, Tauscheria, Tetrapterygium

Aphragmus

(family): Aethionemeae, Alysseae, Alyssopsideae, Anastaticeae, Anchonieae, Aphragmeae, Arabideae, Asteae, Biscutelleae, Boechereae, Brassiceae, Buniadeae, Calepineae, Camelineae, Cardamineae, Chorisporeae, Cochlearieae, Coluteocarpeae, Conringieae, Cremolobeae, Crucihimalayeae, Descurainieae, Dontostemoneae, Erysimeae, Euclidieae, Eudemeae, Eutremeae, Halimolobeae, Heliophileae, Hesperideae, Iberideae, Isatideae, Kernereae, Lepidieae, Megacarpaeeae, Microlepidieae, Notothlaspideae, Oreophytoneae, Physarieae, Schizopetaleae, Scoliaxoneae, Sisymbrieae, Smelowskieae, Stevenieae, Thelypodieae, Thlaspideae, Turritideae, Yinshanieae – tribes; Aphragmeae

syns. Staintoniella, Lignariella, Oreas, Orobium

Arabideae

(family): Aethionemeae, Alysseae, Alyssopsideae, Anastaticeae, Anchonieae, Aphragmeae, Arabideae, Asteae, Biscutelleae, Boechereae, Brassiceae, Buniadeae, Calepineae, Camelineae, Cardamineae, Chorisporeae, Cochlearieae, Coluteocarpeae, Conringieae, Cremolobeae, Crucihimalayeae, Descurainieae, Dontostemoneae, Erysimeae, Euclidieae, Eudemeae, Eutremeae, Halimolobeae, Heliophileae, Hesperideae, Iberideae, Isatideae, Kernereae, Lepidieae, Megacarpaeeae, Microlepidieae, Notothlaspideae, Oreophytoneae, Physarieae, Schizopetaleae, Scoliaxoneae, Sisymbrieae, Smelowskieae, Stevenieae, Thelypodieae, Thlaspideae, Turritideae, Yinshanieae – tribes; Arabideae

Asta

(family): Aethionemeae, Alysseae, Alyssopsideae, Anastaticeae, Anchonieae, Aphragmeae, Arabideae, Asteae, Biscutelleae, Boechereae, Brassiceae, Buniadeae, Calepineae, Camelineae, Cardamineae, Chorisporeae, Cochlearieae, Coluteocarpeae, Conringieae, Cremolobeae, Crucihimalayeae, Descurainieae, Dontostemoneae, Erysimeae, Euclidieae, Eudemeae, Eutremeae, Halimolobeae, Heliophileae, Hesperideae, Iberideae, Isatideae, Kernereae, Lepidieae, Megacarpaeeae, Microlepidieae, Notothlaspideae, Oreophytoneae, Physarieae, Schizopetaleae, Scoliaxoneae, Sisymbrieae, Smelowskieae, Stevenieae, Thelypodieae, Thlaspideae, Turritideae, Yinshanieae – tribes; Asteae

Biscutella

(family): Aethionemeae, Alysseae, Alyssopsideae, Anastaticeae, Anchonieae, Aphragmeae, Arabideae, Asteae, Biscutelleae, Boechereae, Brassiceae, Buniadeae, Calepineae, Camelineae, Cardamineae, Chorisporeae, Cochlearieae, Coluteocarpeae, Conringieae, Cremolobeae, Crucihimalayeae, Descurainieae, Dontostemoneae, Erysimeae, Euclidieae, Eudemeae, Eutremeae, Halimolobeae, Heliophileae, Hesperideae, Iberideae, Isatideae, Kernereae, Lepidieae, Megacarpaeeae, Microlepidieae, Notothlaspideae, Oreophytoneae, Physarieae, Schizopetaleae, Scoliaxoneae, Sisymbrieae, Smelowskieae, Stevenieae, Thelypodieae, Thlaspideae, Turritideae, Yinshanieae – tribes; Biscutelleae

Anelsonia

(family): Aethionemeae, Alysseae, Alyssopsideae, Anastaticeae, Anchonieae, Aphragmeae, Arabideae, Asteae, Biscutelleae, Boechereae, Brassiceae, Buniadeae, Calepineae, Camelineae, Cardamineae, Chorisporeae, Cochlearieae, Coluteocarpeae, Conringieae, Cremolobeae, Crucihimalayeae, Descurainieae, Dontostemoneae, Erysimeae, Euclidieae, Eudemeae, Eutremeae, Halimolobeae, Heliophileae, Hesperideae, Iberideae, Isatideae, Kernereae, Lepidieae, Megacarpaeeae, Microlepidieae, Notothlaspideae, Oreophytoneae, Physarieae, Schizopetaleae, Scoliaxoneae, Sisymbrieae, Smelowskieae, Stevenieae, Thelypodieae, Thlaspideae, Turritideae, Yinshanieae – tribes; Boechereae

Bunias

(family): Aethionemeae, Alysseae, Alyssopsideae, Anastaticeae, Anchonieae, Aphragmeae, Arabideae, Asteae, Biscutelleae, Boechereae, Brassiceae, Buniadeae, Calepineae, Camelineae, Cardamineae, Chorisporeae, Cochlearieae, Coluteocarpeae, Conringieae, Cremolobeae, Crucihimalayeae, Descurainieae, Dontostemoneae, Erysimeae, Euclidieae, Eudemeae, Eutremeae, Halimolobeae, Heliophileae, Hesperideae, Iberideae, Isatideae, Kernereae, Lepidieae, Megacarpaeeae, Microlepidieae, Notothlaspideae, Oreophytoneae, Physarieae, Schizopetaleae, Scoliaxoneae, Sisymbrieae, Smelowskieae, Stevenieae, Thelypodieae, Thlaspideae, Turritideae, Yinshanieae – tribes; Buniadeae

Calepina

(family): Aethionemeae, Alysseae, Alyssopsideae, Anastaticeae, Anchonieae, Aphragmeae, Arabideae, Asteae, Biscutelleae, Boechereae, Brassiceae, Buniadeae, Calepineae, Camelineae, Cardamineae, Chorisporeae, Cochlearieae, Coluteocarpeae, Conringieae, Cremolobeae, Crucihimalayeae, Descurainieae, Dontostemoneae, Erysimeae, Euclidieae, Eudemeae, Eutremeae, Halimolobeae, Heliophileae, Hesperideae, Iberideae, Isatideae, Kernereae, Lepidieae, Megacarpaeeae, Microlepidieae, Notothlaspideae, Oreophytoneae, Physarieae, Schizopetaleae, Scoliaxoneae, Sisymbrieae, Smelowskieae, Stevenieae, Thelypodieae, Thlaspideae, Turritideae, Yinshanieae – tribes; Calepineae

Goldbachia

syns. Anguillicarpus, Spirocarpus, Spirorhynchus

Arabidopsis

(family): Aethionemeae, Alysseae, Alyssopsideae, Anastaticeae, Anchonieae, Aphragmeae, Arabideae, Asteae, Biscutelleae, Boechereae, Brassiceae, Buniadeae, Calepineae, Camelineae, Cardamineae, Chorisporeae, Cochlearieae, Coluteocarpeae, Conringieae, Cremolobeae, Crucihimalayeae, Descurainieae, Dontostemoneae, Erysimeae, Euclidieae, Eudemeae, Eutremeae, Halimolobeae, Heliophileae, Hesperideae, Iberideae, Isatideae, Kernereae, Lepidieae, Megacarpaeeae, Microlepidieae, Notothlaspideae, Oreophytoneae, Physarieae, Schizopetaleae, Scoliaxoneae, Sisymbrieae, Smelowskieae, Stevenieae, Thelypodieae, Thlaspideae, Turritideae, Yinshanieae – tribes; Camelineae

syns. Cardaminopsis, Hylandra, Stenophragma

Cardamineae

(family): Aethionemeae, Alysseae, Alyssopsideae, Anastaticeae, Anchonieae, Aphragmeae, Arabideae, Asteae, Biscutelleae, Boechereae, Brassiceae, Buniadeae, Calepineae, Camelineae, Cardamineae, Chorisporeae, Cochlearieae, Coluteocarpeae, Conringieae, Cremolobeae, Crucihimalayeae, Descurainieae, Dontostemoneae, Erysimeae, Euclidieae, Eudemeae, Eutremeae, Halimolobeae, Heliophileae, Hesperideae, Iberideae, Isatideae, Kernereae, Lepidieae, Megacarpaeeae, Microlepidieae, Notothlaspideae, Oreophytoneae, Physarieae, Schizopetaleae, Scoliaxoneae, Sisymbrieae, Smelowskieae, Stevenieae, Thelypodieae, Thlaspideae, Turritideae, Yinshanieae – tribes; Cardamineae

Chorispora

(family): Aethionemeae, Alysseae, Alyssopsideae, Anastaticeae, Anchonieae, Aphragmeae, Arabideae, Asteae, Biscutelleae, Boechereae, Brassiceae, Buniadeae, Calepineae, Camelineae, Cardamineae, Chorisporeae, Cochlearieae, Coluteocarpeae, Conringieae, Cremolobeae, Crucihimalayeae, Descurainieae, Dontostemoneae, Erysimeae, Euclidieae, Eudemeae, Eutremeae, Halimolobeae, Heliophileae, Hesperideae, Iberideae, Isatideae, Kernereae, Lepidieae, Megacarpaeeae, Microlepidieae, Notothlaspideae, Oreophytoneae, Physarieae, Schizopetaleae, Scoliaxoneae, Sisymbrieae, Smelowskieae, Stevenieae, Thelypodieae, Thlaspideae, Turritideae, Yinshanieae – tribes; Chorisporeae

Parrya

syns. Achoriphragma, Neuroloma, Pseudoclausia

Cochlearia

(family): Aethionemeae, Alysseae, Alyssopsideae, Anastaticeae, Anchonieae, Aphragmeae, Arabideae, Asteae, Biscutelleae, Boechereae, Brassiceae, Buniadeae, Calepineae, Camelineae, Cardamineae, Chorisporeae, Cochlearieae, Coluteocarpeae, Conringieae, Cremolobeae, Crucihimalayeae, Descurainieae, Dontostemoneae, Erysimeae, Euclidieae, Eudemeae, Eutremeae, Halimolobeae, Heliophileae, Hesperideae, Iberideae, Isatideae, Kernereae, Lepidieae, Megacarpaeeae, Microlepidieae, Notothlaspideae, Oreophytoneae, Physarieae, Schizopetaleae, Scoliaxoneae, Sisymbrieae, Smelowskieae, Stevenieae, Thelypodieae, Thlaspideae, Turritideae, Yinshanieae – tribes; Cochlearieae

Atropatenia

(family): Aethionemeae, Alysseae, Alyssopsideae, Anastaticeae, Anchonieae, Aphragmeae, Arabideae, Asteae, Biscutelleae, Boechereae, Brassiceae, Buniadeae, Calepineae, Camelineae, Cardamineae, Chorisporeae, Cochlearieae, Coluteocarpeae, Conringieae, Cremolobeae, Crucihimalayeae, Descurainieae, Dontostemoneae, Erysimeae, Euclidieae, Eudemeae, Eutremeae, Halimolobeae, Heliophileae, Hesperideae, Iberideae, Isatideae, Kernereae, Lepidieae, Megacarpaeeae, Microlepidieae, Notothlaspideae, Oreophytoneae, Physarieae, Schizopetaleae, Scoliaxoneae, Sisymbrieae, Smelowskieae, Stevenieae, Thelypodieae, Thlaspideae, Turritideae, Yinshanieae – tribes; Coluteocarpeae

Noccaea

syns. Apterigia, Brossardia, Coluteocarpus, Cruciunula, Iberidella, Lagowskia, Noccaeopsis, Raparia, Syrenopsis

Conringia

(family): Aethionemeae, Alysseae, Alyssopsideae, Anastaticeae, Anchonieae, Aphragmeae, Arabideae, Asteae, Biscutelleae, Boechereae, Brassiceae, Buniadeae, Calepineae, Camelineae, Cardamineae, Chorisporeae, Cochlearieae, Coluteocarpeae, Conringieae, Cremolobeae, Crucihimalayeae, Descurainieae, Dontostemoneae, Erysimeae, Euclidieae, Eudemeae, Eutremeae, Halimolobeae, Heliophileae, Hesperideae, Iberideae, Isatideae, Kernereae, Lepidieae, Megacarpaeeae, Microlepidieae, Notothlaspideae, Oreophytoneae, Physarieae, Schizopetaleae, Scoliaxoneae, Sisymbrieae, Smelowskieae, Stevenieae, Thelypodieae, Thlaspideae, Turritideae, Yinshanieae – tribes; Conringieae

Aimara

(family): Aethionemeae, Alysseae, Alyssopsideae, Anastaticeae, Anchonieae, Aphragmeae, Arabideae, Asteae, Biscutelleae, Boechereae, Brassiceae, Buniadeae, Calepineae, Camelineae, Cardamineae, Chorisporeae, Cochlearieae, Coluteocarpeae, Conringieae, Cremolobeae, Crucihimalayeae, Descurainieae, Dontostemoneae, Erysimeae, Euclidieae, Eudemeae, Eutremeae, Halimolobeae, Heliophileae, Hesperideae, Iberideae, Isatideae, Kernereae, Lepidieae, Megacarpaeeae, Microlepidieae, Notothlaspideae, Oreophytoneae, Physarieae, Schizopetaleae, Scoliaxoneae, Sisymbrieae, Smelowskieae, Stevenieae, Thelypodieae, Thlaspideae, Turritideae, Yinshanieae – tribes; Cremolobeae

Menonvillea

syns. Cymatoptera, Decaptera, Dispeltophorus, Hexaptera

Clausia

(family): Aethionemeae, Alysseae, Alyssopsideae, Anastaticeae, Anchonieae, Aphragmeae, Arabideae, Asteae, Biscutelleae, Boechereae, Brassiceae, Buniadeae, Calepineae, Camelineae, Cardamineae, Chorisporeae, Cochlearieae, Coluteocarpeae, Conringieae, Cremolobeae, Crucihimalayeae, Descurainieae, Dontostemoneae, Erysimeae, Euclidieae, Eudemeae, Eutremeae, Halimolobeae, Heliophileae, Hesperideae, Iberideae, Isatideae, Kernereae, Lepidieae, Megacarpaeeae, Microlepidieae, Notothlaspideae, Oreophytoneae, Physarieae, Schizopetaleae, Scoliaxoneae, Sisymbrieae, Smelowskieae, Stevenieae, Thelypodieae, Thlaspideae, Turritideae, Yinshanieae – tribes; Dontostemoneae

Dontostemon

syns. Alaida, Andreoskia, Dimorphostemon, Hesperidopsis

Erysimum

(family): Aethionemeae, Alysseae, Alyssopsideae, Anastaticeae, Anchonieae, Aphragmeae, Arabideae, Asteae, Biscutelleae, Boechereae, Brassiceae, Buniadeae, Calepineae, Camelineae, Cardamineae, Chorisporeae, Cochlearieae, Coluteocarpeae, Conringieae, Cremolobeae, Crucihimalayeae, Descurainieae, Dontostemoneae, Erysimeae, Euclidieae, Eudemeae, Eutremeae, Halimolobeae, Heliophileae, Hesperideae, Iberideae, Isatideae, Kernereae, Lepidieae, Megacarpaeeae, Microlepidieae, Notothlaspideae, Oreophytoneae, Physarieae, Schizopetaleae, Scoliaxoneae, Sisymbrieae, Smelowskieae, Stevenieae, Thelypodieae, Thlaspideae, Turritideae, Yinshanieae – tribes; Erysimeae

syns. Acachmena, Agonolobus, Cheiri, Cheirinia, Cuspidoria, Dichroanthus, Erysimastrum, Gynophorea, Schelhaameri, Strophades, Stylonema, Syrenia, Syreniopsis, Zederbauera

Euclidieae

(family): Aethionemeae, Alysseae, Alyssopsideae, Anastaticeae, Anchonieae, Aphragmeae, Arabideae, Asteae, Biscutelleae, Boechereae, Brassiceae, Buniadeae, Calepineae, Camelineae, Cardamineae, Chorisporeae, Cochlearieae, Coluteocarpeae, Conringieae, Cremolobeae, Crucihimalayeae, Descurainieae, Dontostemoneae, Erysimeae, Euclidieae, Eudemeae, Eutremeae, Halimolobeae, Heliophileae, Hesperideae, Iberideae, Isatideae, Kernereae, Lepidieae, Megacarpaeeae, Microlepidieae, Notothlaspideae, Oreophytoneae, Physarieae, Schizopetaleae, Scoliaxoneae, Sisymbrieae, Smelowskieae, Stevenieae, Thelypodieae, Thlaspideae, Turritideae, Yinshanieae – tribes; Euclidieae

Eutrema

(family): Aethionemeae, Alysseae, Alyssopsideae, Anastaticeae, Anchonieae, Aphragmeae, Arabideae, Asteae, Biscutelleae, Boechereae, Brassiceae, Buniadeae, Calepineae, Camelineae, Cardamineae, Chorisporeae, Cochlearieae, Coluteocarpeae, Conringieae, Cremolobeae, Crucihimalayeae, Descurainieae, Dontostemoneae, Erysimeae, Euclidieae, Eudemeae, Eutremeae, Halimolobeae, Heliophileae, Hesperideae, Iberideae, Isatideae, Kernereae, Lepidieae, Megacarpaeeae, Microlepidieae, Notothlaspideae, Oreophytoneae, Physarieae, Schizopetaleae, Scoliaxoneae, Sisymbrieae, Smelowskieae, Stevenieae, Thelypodieae, Thlaspideae, Turritideae, Yinshanieae – tribes; Eutremeae

syns. Chalcanthus, Esquiroliella, Glaribraya, Martinella, Neomartinella, Pegaeophyton, Platycraspedum, Taphrospermum, Thellungiella, Wasabia

Exhalimolobos

(family): Aethionemeae, Alysseae, Alyssopsideae, Anastaticeae, Anchonieae, Aphragmeae, Arabideae, Asteae, Biscutelleae, Boechereae, Brassiceae, Buniadeae, Calepineae, Camelineae, Cardamineae, Chorisporeae, Cochlearieae, Coluteocarpeae, Conringieae, Cremolobeae, Crucihimalayeae, Descurainieae, Dontostemoneae, Erysimeae, Euclidieae, Eudemeae, Eutremeae, Halimolobeae, Heliophileae, Hesperideae, Iberideae, Isatideae, Kernereae, Lepidieae, Megacarpaeeae, Microlepidieae, Notothlaspideae, Oreophytoneae, Physarieae, Schizopetaleae, Scoliaxoneae, Sisymbrieae, Smelowskieae, Stevenieae, Thelypodieae, Thlaspideae, Turritideae, Yinshanieae – tribes; Halimolobeae

Cleome?

(family): Aethionemeae, Alysseae, Alyssopsideae, Anastaticeae, Anchonieae, Aphragmeae, Arabideae, Asteae, Biscutelleae, Boechereae, Brassiceae, Buniadeae, Calepineae, Camelineae, Cardamineae, Chorisporeae, Cochlearieae, Coluteocarpeae, Conringieae, Cremolobeae, Crucihimalayeae, Descurainieae, Dontostemoneae, Erysimeae, Euclidieae, Eudemeae, Eutremeae, Halimolobeae, Heliophileae, Hesperideae, Iberideae, Isatideae, Kernereae, Lepidieae, Megacarpaeeae, Microlepidieae, Notothlaspideae, Oreophytoneae, Physarieae, Schizopetaleae, Scoliaxoneae, Sisymbrieae, Smelowskieae, Stevenieae, Thelypodieae, Thlaspideae, Turritideae, Yinshanieae – tribes; Heliophileae

Heliophila

syns. Brachycarpaea, Carponema, Cycloptychis, Leptormus, Ormiscus, Orthoselis, Pachystyllum, Palmstruckia, Prisciana, Schlechteria, Selenocarpaea, Silicularia, Thlaspeocarpa, Trentepohlia

Hesperis

(family): Aethionemeae, Alysseae, Alyssopsideae, Anastaticeae, Anchonieae, Aphragmeae, Arabideae, Asteae, Biscutelleae, Boechereae, Brassiceae, Buniadeae, Calepineae, Camelineae, Cardamineae, Chorisporeae, Cochlearieae, Coluteocarpeae, Conringieae, Cremolobeae, Crucihimalayeae, Descurainieae, Dontostemoneae, Erysimeae, Euclidieae, Eudemeae, Eutremeae, Halimolobeae, Heliophileae, Hesperideae, Iberideae, Isatideae, Kernereae, Lepidieae, Megacarpaeeae, Microlepidieae, Notothlaspideae, Oreophytoneae, Physarieae, Schizopetaleae, Scoliaxoneae, Sisymbrieae, Smelowskieae, Stevenieae, Thelypodieae, Thlaspideae, Turritideae, Yinshanieae – tribes; Hesperideae

syn. Antoniana, Deilosma, Diplopilosa, Hesperidium, Kladnia, Plagioloba, Sperihedium

Iberis

(family): Aethionemeae, Alysseae, Alyssopsideae, Anastaticeae, Anchonieae, Aphragmeae, Arabideae, Asteae, Biscutelleae, Boechereae, Brassiceae, Buniadeae, Calepineae, Camelineae, Cardamineae, Chorisporeae, Cochlearieae, Coluteocarpeae, Conringieae, Cremolobeae, Crucihimalayeae, Descurainieae, Dontostemoneae, Erysimeae, Euclidieae, Eudemeae, Eutremeae, Halimolobeae, Heliophileae, Hesperideae, Iberideae, Isatideae, Kernereae, Lepidieae, Megacarpaeeae, Microlepidieae, Notothlaspideae, Oreophytoneae, Physarieae, Schizopetaleae, Scoliaxoneae, Sisymbrieae, Smelowskieae, Stevenieae, Thelypodieae, Thlaspideae, Turritideae, Yinshanieae – tribes; Iberideae

Kernera

(family): Aethionemeae, Alysseae, Alyssopsideae, Anastaticeae, Anchonieae, Aphragmeae, Arabideae, Asteae, Biscutelleae, Boechereae, Brassiceae, Buniadeae, Calepineae, Camelineae, Cardamineae, Chorisporeae, Cochlearieae, Coluteocarpeae, Conringieae, Cremolobeae, Crucihimalayeae, Descurainieae, Dontostemoneae, Erysimeae, Euclidieae, Eudemeae, Eutremeae, Halimolobeae, Heliophileae, Hesperideae, Iberideae, Isatideae, Kernereae, Lepidieae, Megacarpaeeae, Microlepidieae, Notothlaspideae, Oreophytoneae, Physarieae, Schizopetaleae, Scoliaxoneae, Sisymbrieae, Smelowskieae, Stevenieae, Thelypodieae, Thlaspideae, Turritideae, Yinshanieae – tribes; Kernereae

Cyphocardamum

(family): Aethionemeae, Alysseae, Alyssopsideae, Anastaticeae, Anchonieae, Aphragmeae, Arabideae, Asteae, Biscutelleae, Boechereae, Brassiceae, Buniadeae, Calepineae, Camelineae, Cardamineae, Chorisporeae, Cochlearieae, Coluteocarpeae, Conringieae, Cremolobeae, Crucihimalayeae, Descurainieae, Dontostemoneae, Erysimeae, Euclidieae, Eudemeae, Eutremeae, Halimolobeae, Heliophileae, Hesperideae, Iberideae, Isatideae, Kernereae, Lepidieae, Megacarpaeeae, Microlepidieae, Notothlaspideae, Oreophytoneae, Physarieae, Schizopetaleae, Scoliaxoneae, Sisymbrieae, Smelowskieae, Stevenieae, Thelypodieae, Thlaspideae, Turritideae, Yinshanieae – tribes; Lepidieae

Lepidium

syns. Carara, Cardamon, Conocardamum, Cyncardamum, Dileptium, Kandis, Lasioptera, Lepicochlea, Nasturtiastrum, Neolepia, Papuzilla, Physolepidion, Senckenbergia, Spregeria, Stroganowia, Winklera

Malcolmia

(family): Aethionemeae, Alysseae, Alyssopsideae, Anastaticeae, Anchonieae, Aphragmeae, Arabideae, Asteae, Biscutelleae, Boechereae, Brassiceae, Buniadeae, Calepineae, Camelineae, Cardamineae, Chorisporeae, Cochlearieae, Coluteocarpeae, Conringieae, Cremolobeae, Crucihimalayeae, Descurainieae, Dontostemoneae, Erysimeae, Euclidieae, Eudemeae, Eutremeae, Halimolobeae, Heliophileae, Hesperideae, Iberideae, Isatideae, Kernereae, Lepidieae, Megacarpaeeae, Microlepidieae, Notothlaspideae, Oreophytoneae, Physarieae, Schizopetaleae, Scoliaxoneae, Sisymbrieae, Smelowskieae, Stevenieae, Thelypodieae, Thlaspideae, Turritideae, Yinshanieae – tribes; Malcolmieae

Megacarpaea

(family): Aethionemeae, Alysseae, Alyssopsideae, Anastaticeae, Anchonieae, Aphragmeae, Arabideae, Asteae, Biscutelleae, Boechereae, Brassiceae, Buniadeae, Calepineae, Camelineae, Cardamineae, Chorisporeae, Cochlearieae, Coluteocarpeae, Conringieae, Cremolobeae, Crucihimalayeae, Descurainieae, Dontostemoneae, Erysimeae, Euclidieae, Eudemeae, Eutremeae, Halimolobeae, Heliophileae, Hesperideae, Iberideae, Isatideae, Kernereae, Lepidieae, Megacarpaeeae, Microlepidieae, Notothlaspideae, Oreophytoneae, Physarieae, Schizopetaleae, Scoliaxoneae, Sisymbrieae, Smelowskieae, Stevenieae, Thelypodieae, Thlaspideae, Turritideae, Yinshanieae – tribes; Megacarpaeeae

Arabidella

(family): Aethionemeae, Alysseae, Alyssopsideae, Anastaticeae, Anchonieae, Aphragmeae, Arabideae, Asteae, Biscutelleae, Boechereae, Brassiceae, Buniadeae, Calepineae, Camelineae, Cardamineae, Chorisporeae, Cochlearieae, Coluteocarpeae, Conringieae, Cremolobeae, Crucihimalayeae, Descurainieae, Dontostemoneae, Erysimeae, Euclidieae, Eudemeae, Eutremeae, Halimolobeae, Heliophileae, Hesperideae, Iberideae, Isatideae, Kernereae, Lepidieae, Megacarpaeeae, Microlepidieae, Notothlaspideae, Oreophytoneae, Physarieae, Schizopetaleae, Scoliaxoneae, Sisymbrieae, Smelowskieae, Stevenieae, Thelypodieae, Thlaspideae, Turritideae, Yinshanieae – tribes; Microlepidieae

Murbeckiella

(family): Aethionemeae, Alysseae, Alyssopsideae, Anastaticeae, Anchonieae, Aphragmeae, Arabideae, Asteae, Biscutelleae, Boechereae, Brassiceae, Buniadeae, Calepineae, Camelineae, Cardamineae, Chorisporeae, Cochlearieae, Coluteocarpeae, Conringieae, Cremolobeae, Crucihimalayeae, Descurainieae, Dontostemoneae, Erysimeae, Euclidieae, Eudemeae, Eutremeae, Halimolobeae, Heliophileae, Hesperideae, Iberideae, Isatideae, Kernereae, Lepidieae, Megacarpaeeae, Microlepidieae, Notothlaspideae, Oreophytoneae, Physarieae, Schizopetaleae, Scoliaxoneae, Sisymbrieae, Smelowskieae, Stevenieae, Thelypodieae, Thlaspideae, Turritideae, Yinshanieae – tribes; Oreophytoneae

Dimorphocarpa

(family): Aethionemeae, Alysseae, Alyssopsideae, Anastaticeae, Anchonieae, Aphragmeae, Arabideae, Asteae, Biscutelleae, Boechereae, Brassiceae, Buniadeae, Calepineae, Camelineae, Cardamineae, Chorisporeae, Cochlearieae, Coluteocarpeae, Conringieae, Cremolobeae, Crucihimalayeae, Descurainieae, Dontostemoneae, Erysimeae, Euclidieae, Eudemeae, Eutremeae, Halimolobeae, Heliophileae, Hesperideae, Iberideae, Isatideae, Kernereae, Lepidieae, Megacarpaeeae, Microlepidieae, Notothlaspideae, Oreophytoneae, Physarieae, Schizopetaleae, Scoliaxoneae, Sisymbrieae, Smelowskieae, Stevenieae, Thelypodieae, Thlaspideae, Turritideae, Yinshanieae – tribes; Physarieae

Mathewsia

(family): Aethionemeae, Alysseae, Alyssopsideae, Anastaticeae, Anchonieae, Aphragmeae, Arabideae, Asteae, Biscutelleae, Boechereae, Brassiceae, Buniadeae, Calepineae, Camelineae, Cardamineae, Chorisporeae, Cochlearieae, Coluteocarpeae, Conringieae, Cremolobeae, Crucihimalayeae, Descurainieae, Dontostemoneae, Erysimeae, Euclidieae, Eudemeae, Eutremeae, Halimolobeae, Heliophileae, Hesperideae, Iberideae, Isatideae, Kernereae, Lepidieae, Megacarpaeeae, Microlepidieae, Notothlaspideae, Oreophytoneae, Physarieae, Schizopetaleae, Scoliaxoneae, Sisymbrieae, Smelowskieae, Stevenieae, Thelypodieae, Thlaspideae, Turritideae, Yinshanieae – tribes; Schizopetaleae

Scoliaxon

(family): Aethionemeae, Alysseae, Alyssopsideae, Anastaticeae, Anchonieae, Aphragmeae, Arabideae, Asteae, Biscutelleae, Boechereae, Brassiceae, Buniadeae, Calepineae, Camelineae, Cardamineae, Chorisporeae, Cochlearieae, Coluteocarpeae, Conringieae, Cremolobeae, Crucihimalayeae, Descurainieae, Dontostemoneae, Erysimeae, Euclidieae, Eudemeae, Eutremeae, Halimolobeae, Heliophileae, Hesperideae, Iberideae, Isatideae, Kernereae, Lepidieae, Megacarpaeeae, Microlepidieae, Notothlaspideae, Oreophytoneae, Physarieae, Schizopetaleae, Scoliaxoneae, Sisymbrieae, Smelowskieae, Stevenieae, Thelypodieae, Thlaspideae, Turritideae, Yinshanieae – tribes; Scoliaxoneae

Ochthodium

(family): Aethionemeae, Alysseae, Alyssopsideae, Anastaticeae, Anchonieae, Aphragmeae, Arabideae, Asteae, Biscutelleae, Boechereae, Brassiceae, Buniadeae, Calepineae, Camelineae, Cardamineae, Chorisporeae, Cochlearieae, Coluteocarpeae, Conringieae, Cremolobeae, Crucihimalayeae, Descurainieae, Dontostemoneae, Erysimeae, Euclidieae, Eudemeae, Eutremeae, Halimolobeae, Heliophileae, Hesperideae, Iberideae, Isatideae, Kernereae, Lepidieae, Megacarpaeeae, Microlepidieae, Notothlaspideae, Oreophytoneae, Physarieae, Schizopetaleae, Scoliaxoneae, Sisymbrieae, Smelowskieae, Stevenieae, Thelypodieae, Thlaspideae, Turritideae, Yinshanieae – tribes; Sisymbrieae

Sisymbrium

syns. Leptocarpaea, Lycocarpus, Norta, Pachpodium, Phryne, Schoenocrambe, Tricholobus, Velarum

Smelowskia

(family): Aethionemeae, Alysseae, Alyssopsideae, Anastaticeae, Anchonieae, Aphragmeae, Arabideae, Asteae, Biscutelleae, Boechereae, Brassiceae, Buniadeae, Calepineae, Camelineae, Cardamineae, Chorisporeae, Cochlearieae, Coluteocarpeae, Conringieae, Cremolobeae, Crucihimalayeae, Descurainieae, Dontostemoneae, Erysimeae, Euclidieae, Eudemeae, Eutremeae, Halimolobeae, Heliophileae, Hesperideae, Iberideae, Isatideae, Kernereae, Lepidieae, Megacarpaeeae, Microlepidieae, Notothlaspideae, Oreophytoneae, Physarieae, Schizopetaleae, Scoliaxoneae, Sisymbrieae, Smelowskieae, Stevenieae, Thelypodieae, Thlaspideae, Turritideae, Yinshanieae – tribes; Smelowskieae

syns. Acroschizocarpus, Chrysanthemopsis, Ermania, Gorodkovia, Hedinia, Hediniopsis, Melanidion, Redowskia, Sinosophiopsis, Sophiopsis

Macropodium

(family): Aethionemeae, Alysseae, Alyssopsideae, Anastaticeae, Anchonieae, Aphragmeae, Arabideae, Asteae, Biscutelleae, Boechereae, Brassiceae, Buniadeae, Calepineae, Camelineae, Cardamineae, Chorisporeae, Cochlearieae, Coluteocarpeae, Conringieae, Cremolobeae, Crucihimalayeae, Descurainieae, Dontostemoneae, Erysimeae, Euclidieae, Eudemeae, Eutremeae, Halimolobeae, Heliophileae, Hesperideae, Iberideae, Isatideae, Kernereae, Lepidieae, Megacarpaeeae, Microlepidieae, Notothlaspideae, Oreophytoneae, Physarieae, Schizopetaleae, Scoliaxoneae, Sisymbrieae, Smelowskieae, Stevenieae, Thelypodieae, Thlaspideae, Turritideae, Yinshanieae – tribes; Stevenieae

Thelypodieae

(family): Aethionemeae, Alysseae, Alyssopsideae, Anastaticeae, Anchonieae, Aphragmeae, Arabideae, Asteae, Biscutelleae, Boechereae, Brassiceae, Buniadeae, Calepineae, Camelineae, Cardamineae, Chorisporeae, Cochlearieae, Coluteocarpeae, Conringieae, Cremolobeae, Crucihimalayeae, Descurainieae, Dontostemoneae, Erysimeae, Euclidieae, Eudemeae, Eutremeae, Halimolobeae, Heliophileae, Hesperideae, Iberideae, Isatideae, Kernereae, Lepidieae, Megacarpaeeae, Microlepidieae, Notothlaspideae, Oreophytoneae, Physarieae, Schizopetaleae, Scoliaxoneae, Sisymbrieae, Smelowskieae, Stevenieae, Thelypodieae, Thlaspideae, Turritideae, Yinshanieae – tribes; Thelypodieae

Alliaria

(family): Aethionemeae, Alysseae, Alyssopsideae, Anastaticeae, Anchonieae, Aphragmeae, Arabideae, Asteae, Biscutelleae, Boechereae, Brassiceae, Buniadeae, Calepineae, Camelineae, Cardamineae, Chorisporeae, Cochlearieae, Coluteocarpeae, Conringieae, Cremolobeae, Crucihimalayeae, Descurainieae, Dontostemoneae, Erysimeae, Euclidieae, Eudemeae, Eutremeae, Halimolobeae, Heliophileae, Hesperideae, Iberideae, Isatideae, Kernereae, Lepidieae, Megacarpaeeae, Microlepidieae, Notothlaspideae, Oreophytoneae, Physarieae, Schizopetaleae, Scoliaxoneae, Sisymbrieae, Smelowskieae, Stevenieae, Thelypodieae, Thlaspideae, Turritideae, Yinshanieae – tribes; Thlaspideae

Thlaspi

syns. Carpoceras, Perspicillum, Teruncius, Thlaspidea

Turritis

(family): Aethionemeae, Alysseae, Alyssopsideae, Anastaticeae, Anchonieae, Aphragmeae, Arabideae, Asteae, Biscutelleae, Boechereae, Brassiceae, Buniadeae, Calepineae, Camelineae, Cardamineae, Chorisporeae, Cochlearieae, Coluteocarpeae, Conringieae, Cremolobeae, Crucihimalayeae, Descurainieae, Dontostemoneae, Erysimeae, Euclidieae, Eudemeae, Eutremeae, Halimolobeae, Heliophileae, Hesperideae, Iberideae, Isatideae, Kernereae, Lepidieae, Megacarpaeeae, Microlepidieae, Notothlaspideae, Oreophytoneae, Physarieae, Schizopetaleae, Scoliaxoneae, Sisymbrieae, Smelowskieae, Stevenieae, Thelypodieae, Thlaspideae, Turritideae, Yinshanieae – tribes; Turritideae

Yinshania

(family): Aethionemeae, Alysseae, Alyssopsideae, Anastaticeae, Anchonieae, Aphragmeae, Arabideae, Asteae, Biscutelleae, Boechereae, Brassiceae, Buniadeae, Calepineae, Camelineae, Cardamineae, Chorisporeae, Cochlearieae, Coluteocarpeae, Conringieae, Cremolobeae, Crucihimalayeae, Descurainieae, Dontostemoneae, Erysimeae, Euclidieae, Eudemeae, Eutremeae, Halimolobeae, Heliophileae, Hesperideae, Iberideae, Isatideae, Kernereae, Lepidieae, Megacarpaeeae, Microlepidieae, Notothlaspideae, Oreophytoneae, Physarieae, Schizopetaleae, Scoliaxoneae, Sisymbrieae, Smelowskieae, Stevenieae, Thelypodieae, Thlaspideae, Turritideae, Yinshanieae – tribes; Yinshanieae


garden cress

garden cress (usually uncountable, plural garden cresses)

/ˈɡɑːdn̩ kɹɛs/

Lepidium sativum
Lepidium sativum#Translingual

(uncountable, countable) A plant, Lepidium sativum.


kool

nl-noun

kool f (plural kolen, diminutive kooltje n)

kolen (plural)
kooltje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: kool

Jersey Dutch: kôl

Negerhollands: kool

→ Caribbean Hindustani: koro

→ Chinese: 高麗 /高丽, 高麗菜／高丽菜 (via Min Nan)

→ Indonesian: kol

→ Mahican: gónan

→ Papiamentu: kolo

→ Sranan Tongo: kolo

From Middle Dutch col, cole, from Old Dutch *kōl, *kōla, from Latin caulis.


Rettich

de-noun

Rettich m (strong, genitive Rettichs, plural Rettiche)

Rettichs (genitive)
Rettiche (plural)
Rettich (nominative singular)
Rettiche (definite nominative plural)
Rettichs (genitive singular)
Rettiche (definite genitive plural)
Rettich (dative singular)
Rettichen (dative definite plural)
Rettich (accusative singular)
Rettiche (accusative definite plural)

From Middle High German retich, from Old High German retich, rātih, from Proto-West Germanic *radik, *rādik. Doublet of Radix.


madwort

en-noun

madwort (countable and uncountable, plural madworts)

From mad + wort, as formerly believed to cure canine madness.


брюква

ru-noun+

брю́ква • (brjúkva) f inan (genitive брю́квы, nominative plural брю́квы, genitive plural брюкв)

брю́ква (canonical)
brjúkva (romanization)
брю́квы (genitive)
брю́квы (nominative plural)
брюкв (genitive plural)
брю́ква (nominative singular)
брю́квы (nominative plural)
брю́квы (genitive singular)
брю́кв (genitive plural)
брю́кве (dative singular)
брю́квам (dative plural)
брю́кву (accusative singular)
брю́квы (accusative plural)
брю́квой (instrumental singular)
брю́квою (instrumental singular)
брю́квами (instrumental plural)
брю́кве (prepositional singular)
брю́квах (plural prepositional)

A regional wanderwort, see German Wruke.

unknown

A regional wanderwort

Brassica napus rapifera
Wikispecies:Brassica napus rapifera

swede, rutabaga (Brassica napus, sometimes Brassica napus rapifera, plant and vegetable)


breabăn

brebeni (plural)
breabăn (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
breabănul (accusative definite nominative singular)
brebeni (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
brebenii (accusative definite nominative plural)
breabăn (indefinite singular)
breabănului (definite singular)
brebeni (indefinite singular)
brebenilor (definite plural)
breabănule (singular vocative)
brebenilor (vocative)

Unknown. Either a substratum word, from Slavic, or less likely from Latin verbena.

Carpathian toothwort (Cardamine glanduligera; synonyms: Dentaria glandulosa, Cardamine glandulosa)

(regional) fumewort (Corydalis marshalliana or Corydalis solida)

any of various species of the genus Anemone


brebenea

brebenele (plural)
brebenea (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
brebeneaua (accusative definite nominative singular)
brebenele (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
brebenelele (accusative definite nominative plural)
brebenele (indefinite singular)
brebenelei (definite singular)
brebenelelor (definite plural)
brebenea (singular vocative)
brebenelelor (vocative)


brăbin

brăbini (plural)
brăbin (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
brăbinul (accusative definite nominative singular)
brăbini (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
brăbinii (accusative definite nominative plural)
brăbin (indefinite singular)
brăbinului (definite singular)
brăbini (indefinite singular)
brăbinilor (definite plural)
brăbinule (singular vocative)
brăbinilor (vocative)

hill mustard, Turkish rocket, Turkish warty-cabbage (Bunias orientalis)


σίναπι

grc-noun

σῐ́νᾱπῐ • (sĭ́nāpĭ) n (genitive σῐνᾱ́πεως); third declension

σῐ́νᾱπῐ (canonical)
sĭ́nāpĭ (romanization)
σῐνᾱ́πεως (genitive)
τὸ σῐ́νᾱπῐ (nominative singular)
τὼ σῐνᾱ́πει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σῐνᾱ́πη (nominative plural)
σῐνᾱ́πεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σῐνᾱ́πεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῐνᾱπέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῐνᾱ́πεων (genitive plural)
τῷ σῐνᾱ́πει (dative singular)
τοῖν σῐνᾱπέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σῐνᾱ́πεσῐ (dative plural)
σῐνᾱ́πεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs sĭnā́pesĭ (dative plural)
toîs sĭnā́pesĭn (dative plural)
τὸ σῐ́νᾱπῐ (accusative singular)
τὼ σῐνᾱ́πει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σῐνᾱ́πη (accusative plural)
σῐνᾱ́πεᾰ (accusative plural)
σῐ́νᾱπῐ (singular vocative)
σῐνᾱ́πει (dual vocative)
σῐνᾱ́πη (plural vocative)
σῐνᾱ́πεᾰ (plural vocative)

desctree

Greek: σινάπι (sinápi)
→ Macedonian: синап (sinap)

→ Amharic: ሰናፍጭ (sänafəč̣č̣)

→? Arabic: صِنَاب (ṣināb)
→ Aragonese: senabe
→ Catalan: senabre
→ Spanish: jenabe, ajenabe, ajenabo, jenabo, jenable

→ Ge'ez: ስናፔ (sənappe), ሰናፔ (sänappe)

→ Gothic: 𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌰𐍀𐌹𐍃 (sinapis)

→ Latin: sināpi (see there for further descendants)

→ Samoan: sinapi

→ Tigrinya: ሰናፍጭ (sänafəč̣č̣)

In mid-20th century thought from Demotic snwpt, but Beekes 2010 considers it Pre-Greek, and related to νᾶπῠ (nâpŭ, “mustard”).


Kerguelen cabbage

en-noun

Kerguelen cabbage (plural Kerguelen cabbages)

From being a plant related to the common cabbages, a Brassicaceae, that looks like a cabbage, found in the Kerguelen Islands.

Pringlea antiscorbutica
Pringlea antiscorbutica#Translingual

The edible, wind-pollinated flowering plant Pringlea antiscorbutica..


napa

napa (countable and uncountable, plural napas)

From Napa, California, where the process of making napa leather was created.


Brussels sprout

Brussels sprout (plural Brussels sprouts)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Brussels sprout.wav

Recorded since 1748. Named after Brussels, where they were cultivated in the current form perhaps as early as the 13th c. Sprout is from Old English -sprutan (in asprutan (“to sprout”); cognate with Old Saxon sprutan, Old Frisian spruta, Middle Dutch spruten, modern Dutch spruit (“sprout; Brussels sprout”), Old High German spriozan, German sprießen (“to sprout”), from Proto-Germanic *spreutaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sper- (“to strew”).

cog

Brussels sprouts reach a length of 4 centimeters and resemble clusters of miniature cabbages.

(chiefly in the plural) The green vegetable Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera, a cabbage variety native to Belgium.


rapini

From Italian rapini, diminutive of rapo, variant of rapa (“turnip”).

Bitter and salty foods often go very well together and here the slight bitterness of rapini (also known as broccoli rabe) complements the savoriness of pork sausage. Use either the homemade sausage on page 163 or a plain pork […]

2012, Giuliano Hazan, Giuliano Hazan's Thirty Minute Pasta: 100 Quick and Easy Recipes, Open Road Media, →ISBN:

Brassica rapa subsp. ruvo
Brassica rapa#Translingual

A vegetable native to China, Brassica rapa subsp. ruvo, with green spiky leaves and a bitter taste.


kailan

Borrowed from Cantonese 芥蘭／芥兰 (gaai3 laan4-2).

Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra
Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra

Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra, a long, blue-green vegetable with thick, glossy stems and leaves typically eaten in Chinese and particularly Cantonese cooking.


drum head

The Savoy is best for boiling; drum-head and purple for Cole-Slaw.

1896, Fanny Merritt Farmer, chapter XIX, in The Boston Cooking-School Cook Book, Boston: Little, Brown & Co., published 1918: