quarter

en-noun

quarter (countable and uncountable, plural quarters)

From Middle English quarter, from Anglo-Norman quarter, from Latin quartarius, from quartus. Compare Spanish cuarto (“room, quarters; quarter”). Doublet of quartier.

cog

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-quarter.wav

çerek

one of four equal parts — see also one-fourth

[A]t last she kicked right over the carriage pole and fell down, after giving me a severe blow on my near quarter.

[1877], Anna Sewell, “A Strike for Liberty”, in Black Beauty: […], London: Jarrold and Sons, […], →OCLC, part II, page 106:

(farriery) The part on either side of a horse's hoof between the toe and heel, the side of its coffin.

quartier

part on either side of a horse's hoof between toe and heel


fire

en-verb

fire (third-person singular simple present fires, present participle firing, simple past and past participle fired)

fires (present singular third-person)
firing (participle present)
fired (participle past)
fired (past)
fire (infinitive)

From Middle English firen, fyren, furen, from Old English fȳrian (“to make a fire”), from the noun (see above). Cognate with Old Frisian fioria (“to light a fire”), Saterland Frisian fjuurje (“to fire”), Middle Dutch vûren, vueren, vieren (“to set fire”), Dutch vuren (“to fire, shoot”), Old High German fiuren (“to ignite, set on fire”), German feuern (“to fire”).

udløse

computer sciences, software engineering: to initiate an event


ball

en-noun

ball (countable and uncountable, plural balls)

→ Cantonese: 波 (bo¹)

→ Japanese: ボール (bōru)

→ Makah: ba·la

→ Yoruba: bọ́ọ̀lù

From Middle English bal, ball, balle, from an unattested Old English *beall, *bealla (“round object, ball”) or Old Norse bǫllr (“a ball”), both from Proto-Germanic *balluz, *ballô (“ball”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰol-n- (“ball, bubble”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to blow, inflate, swell”). Cognate with Old Saxon ball, Dutch bal, Old High German bal, ballo (German Ball (“ball”); Ballen (“bale”)). Related forms in Romance are borrowings from Germanic. See also balloon, bale.

ампыл

object, generally spherical, used for playing games

туп

ballistics: a solid nonexplosive missile

cold enough to freeze the balls off a brass monkey

The laxative alterative has not this advantage, the aloes, of which it is composed, being extremely bitter, and therefore requiring to be given in the form of a ball.

1842, James White, A compendium of the veterinary art:

(farriery, historical) A large pill, a form in which medicine was given to horses; a bolus.


bar

en-noun

bar (countable and uncountable, plural bars)

→ Albanian: bar m

→ Arabic: بَار m (bār)

→ Armenian: բար (bar)

→ Bulgarian: бар (bar)

→ Burmese: ဘား (bha:)

→ Chichewa: bála

→ Cantonese: 吧 (baa¹)

→ Czech: bar m

→ Danish: bar c

→ Dutch: bar m

→ Esperanto: baro

→ Estonian: baar

→ French: bar m
→ Romanian: bar

→ Galician: bar m

→ Georgian: ბარი (bari)

→ German: Bar f

→ Greek: μπαρ n (bar)

→ Gulf Arabic: بار (bār)

→ Hebrew: בָּר (bar), בָּאר (bár)

→ Hungarian: bár (also via German)

→ Icelandic: bar m

→ Irish: beár m

→ Italian: bar m

→ Japanese: バー (bā)

→ Khmer: បារ (baa)

→ Korean: 바 (ba)

→ Lithuanian: bãras m

→ Macedonian: бар m (bar)

→ Malagasy: ba

→ Mandarin: 吧 (bā)

→ Norwegian:

Bokmål: bar m

Nynorsk: bar m

→ Persian: بار (bâr)

→ Polish: bar m

→ Portuguese: bar m

→ Russian: бар m (bar)

→ Serbo-Croatian: ба̑р m, bȃr m

→ Slovene: bȃr m

→ Spanish: bar m

→ Swahili: baa

→ Swedish: bar c (see there for further descendants)

→ Thai: บาร์ (baa)

→ Turkish: bar

→ Xhosa: íbhári

→ Zulu: ibha

From Middle English barre, from Old French barre (“beam, bar, gate, barrier”), from Vulgar Latin *barra, of uncertain origin. Doublet of barre.

der

(farriery) The part of the crust of a horse's hoof which is bent inwards towards the frog at the heel on each side, and extends into the centre of the sole.

(farriery, in the plural) The space between the tusks and grinders in the upper jaw of a horse, in which the bit is placed.


quitter

From Middle English quitter, from Anglo-Norman quiture, quyture et al., specialised use of quiture (“burn mark, burning”), from the participle stem of cuire (“to cook”), or from Latin coctura (“cooking”).

(farriery) Alternative spelling of quittor (“fistulous wound at the top of a horse's foot”)


beak

en-noun

beak (countable and uncountable, plural beaks)

From Middle English bec, borrowed from Anglo-Norman bec, Old French bec, from Latin beccus, from Gaulish *bekkos, from Proto-Celtic *bekkos (“beak, snout”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bak-, *baḱ- (“pointed stick, peg”). Cognate with Breton beg (“beak”). Compare Saterland Frisian Bäk (“mouth; muzzle; beak”); Dutch bek (“beak; bill; neb”).


charge

en-noun

charge (countable and uncountable, plural charges)

From Middle English chargen, from Old French chargier, from Late Latin carricō (“to load”), from Latin carrus (“a car, wagon”); see car. Doublet of cargo.

(farriery) A sort of plaster or ointment.


spavin

spavin (countable and uncountable, plural spavins)

The noun is derived from Middle English spavein, spaveine (“swelling on horse’s leg causing lameness; disease causing lameness in horses”), from Old French espavain, a variant of esparvain, esprevain, esprevin (modern French éparvin, épervin). The further etymology is unknown; one suggestion is that it is from Frankish *sparwan (“sparrow”), though this is seen as quite tenuous.
The verb is derived from the noun.

[H]is horſe hip'd vvith an olde mothy ſaddle, and ſtirrops of no kindred: beſides poſſeſt vvith the glanders, and like to moſe in the chine, troubled vvith the Lampaſſe, infected vvith the faſhions, full of VVindegalls, ſped vvith Spauins, raied vvith the Yellovvs, […]

c. 1590–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Taming of the Shrew”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], page 219, column 1:

Of ſpauens, there be tvvo kindes, the bone Spauen and the blood: for the bone Spauen, you ſhall dreſſe it in all things like the ſplent, and it vvil heale it. For the bloud ſpauen you ſhall take vp the veane, and vvhen it hath bled vve pull out the bladder vvhich holdes the ſpauen, and ſtop the vvound vvith Sage and ſalt, and it vvill heale it.

1607, Gervase Markham, “Of Spauens”, in Cauelarice, or The English Horseman: […], London: […] [Edward Allde and W[illiam] Jaggard] for Edward White, […], →OCLC, 7th book, page 78:

Doubtleſſe a Spauen is an euil ſorance, and cauſeth a horſe to haule principally in the beginning of his griefe, it appeareth on the hinder Legges vvithin, and againſt the ioynt, and it vvill bee a little ſvvolne, and ſome horſes haue a thorough Spauen, vvhich appeareth both vvithin and vvithout. Of the Spauen there are tvvo kindes, the one hard the other ſoft: That is: bone-Spauen, and a blood-Spauen, […] Caſt the horſe and vvith a hot yron ſlitte the fleſh that couereth the Spauen, and then lay vpon the Spauen, Cantharides and Euforbium boyled together in oile de Bay, […]

1607, Conradus Gesnerus [i.e., Conrad Gessner], Edward Topsell, “Of the Horsse. [Of the Spauen, both Bone and Blood.]”, in The Historie of Foure-footed Beastes. […], London: […] William Iaggard, →OCLC, page 407:

Mr. Field had seen the same horses brought to his forge from day to day, and year to year, with large spavins, yet continuing perfectly sound.

1829 November 19, “Veterinary Medical Society, 21st Oct. 1829. Discussion on Mr. W. Percivall’s Paper on Soundness.”, in [William] Percivall, [William] Youatt, editors, The Veterinarian, volume II, number 24, London: […] Compton and Ritchie, […] [for] Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, & Green, […], published December 1829, →OCLC, page 509:

(countable) A bony swelling which develops in a horse's leg where the shank and splint bone meet, caused by inflammation of the cartilage connecting those bones; also, a similar swelling caused by inflammation of the hock bones.

[N]ovv the Bots, the Spauin, and the Glanders, and ſome doſen diſeaſes more, light on him, & his Moyles.

1601, Ben Jonson, Poetaster or The Arraignment: […], London: […] [R. Bradock] for M[atthew] L[ownes] […], published 1602, →OCLC, Act I, scene ii, signature B2, verso:

(uncountable) A disease of horses caused by this bony swelling (sense 1.1).


spavin

en-verb

spavin (third-person singular simple present spavins, present participle spavining, simple past and past participle spavined)

spavins (present singular third-person)
spavining (participle present)
spavined (participle past)
spavined (past)

Mr. Lythe had seen many horses which Mr. Field had passed as sound although they were spavined; and he does not recollect a single instance of lameness among them.

The witches that dance on the Brocken on Valpurgis Eve would be spoken of in a different spirit from the village hag who spavins the horse and curdles the milk.

1867, John Hill Burton, “Heathendom”, in The History of Scotland from Agricola’s Invasion to the Revolution of 1688, Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, page 224:

And oh! Onesiphorus, the old brown mare / Is spavining for love, as also we; […]

1884 February 23, “Astray from San Rafael” [pseudonym], “Dudetic Leap Year”, in The Wasp, volume XII, number 8, San Francisco, Calif.: E[dward] C[reamor] Macfarlane & Co., →OCLC, stanza 4, page 11, column 1:

The plaintiff introduced evidence tending to prove that the horse was spavined, and that Kuntzman had warranted the soundness of the horse. The fourth exception on the part of the defendant and the plaintiff in error was to the rejection of the evidence that the horse was not spavined while in Weaver's stable, some two months after the sale.

1886, A[braham] C[lark] Freeman, “Kuntzman v. Weaver”, in The American Decisions […], volume LIX, San Francisco, Calif.: Bancroft-Whitney Co. […], →OCLC, page 740:

In order to obviate the straining, spavining, and weakness of back, to which horses are subject, caused by the effort of starting heavy cars, Mr. Henry P. Holt designed a tramcar starting gear, patented in May, 1879, […]

1894, D[aniel] Kinnear Clark, “Resistance to Traction on Tramways”, in Tramways: Their Construction and Working […], 2nd edition, London: Crosby Lockwood and Son […], →OCLC, page 402:

(farriery, veterinary medicine) To cause (a horse or its leg) to have spavin (noun sense 1.2).

aiheuttaa kinnerpatti

to cause (a horse or its leg) to have spavin


arrest

en-noun

arrest (countable and uncountable, plural arrests)

From Middle English arest (noun) and aresten (verb), from Old French areste (noun) and arester (“to stay, stop”, verb), from Vulgar Latin *arrestō, from Latin ad- (“to”) + restō (“to stop, remain behind, stay back”), from re- (“back”) + stō (“to stand”), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”), equivalent to ad- + rest. Compare French arrêter (“to stop”).

der

(farriery) A scurfiness of the back part of the hind leg of a horse


twitch

en-noun

twitch (countable and uncountable, plural twitches)

From Middle English twicchen, from Old English *twiċċan, from Proto-West Germanic *twikkijan (“to nail, pin, fasten, clasp, pinch”).
Cognate with English tweak, Low German twikken, German Low German twicken (“to pinch, pinch off”), zweckōn and gizwickan (> German zwicken (“to pinch”)).

cog

THE TWITCH is a short stick of strong ash, about the size of a mopstick, with a hole pierced near the end, through which is passed a piece of strong but small cord, and tied in a loop large enough to admit the open hand freely.

1861, John Henry Walsh, The Horse in the Stable and in the Field:

(farriery) A stick with a hole in one end through which passes a loop, which can be drawn tightly over the upper lip or an ear of a horse and twisted to keep the animal quiet during minor surgery.


lunette

Unadapted borrowing from French lunette, diminutive of lune (“moon”).

(farriery) A half horseshoe, lacking the sponge.


roughshod

The horses fell down three times, the roads being slippery, and we walked three miles to Linlithgow. There we waited two hours, to have the fresh horses roughshod.

1814 November 10, Miss Berry [Mary Berry], edited by Lady [Maria] Theresa Lewis, Extracts of the Journals and Correspondence of Miss Berry from the year 1783 to 1852. … In Three Volumes, volume III, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1865, →OCLC, page 36:

Those who have followed a French army well know that their horses are always rough-shod. [...] Horses can bear cold when properly fed, and if they had not been rough-shod there were farriers attached to the army.

1875, C. Joyneville [pseudonym; Catherine Laura Johnstone], “The French Retreat and the Russian Pursuit”, in Life and Times of Alexander I. Emperor of All the Russias. … In Three Volumes, volume II, London: Tinsley Brothers, 8, Catherine Street, Strand, →OCLC, page 227:

A horse is roughshod when the nails are left protruding out of its shoes so that the animal does not slip and fall. Consequently, being ridden over by a roughshod horse would be quite agonizing.

1996, Sandra L. Olsen, “Introduction”, in Sandra L. Olsen, editor, Horses through Time, Boulder, Colo.: Roberts Rinehart Publishers for Carnegie Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, page 8:

(farriery) Of a horse: having hooves shod with horseshoes that have calks or projecting parts to prevent slipping.


flaps

Giges or flappes, is pimples or teates in the in side of his mouth.

1587, Leonard Mascall, The First Booke of Cattell, London: John Wolfe, page 163:

If there be any ſwelling betweene the eares, it is a ſigne of the Pole-evil: ſwelling under the eare, a ſigne of the Vives; and ſwelling in the mouth, a ſigne either of Canker, Flaps, Lampaſſe.

1610, Gervase Markham, “Of the signes of sicknesse, and of what nature it consisteth”, in Markhams Maister-peece. Contayning All Knowledge Belonging to the Smith, Farrier, or Horse-leech, Touching the Curing of All Diseases in Horses: […], 5th edition, London: […] Nicholas and Iohn Okes, […], published 1636, →OCLC, 1st book (Containing All Cures Physicall, […]), page 32:

Theſe Giggs, Bladders or Flaps, proceed either from eating too much Graſs, or that which is bad; or Hay or Provender that is rough and pricking.

1726, N. B. Philippos, The Farrier's and Horseman's Dictionary, London: J. Darby, page 247:

The Flaps are a ſpungy, fleſhy, fungous ſubftance, ſituated juſt below the grinders on the lower jaw, adjoining the cheek, on the part where the bit reſteth upon. The above is ſo troubleſome to a Horſe and ſo ſore, that he will often catch the Flaps between his grinders, which chafes him much, and prevents him to grind his food, and cauſes him to ſlaver and ſlober much.

1784, William Griffiths, A Practical Treatise on Farriery, Wrexham, Wales: R. Marsh, page 119:

These likewise sometimes enlarge during catarrh or imflammation of the mouth, and are called gigs, and bladders, and flaps in the mouth.

1843, William Youatt, The Horse, London: Chapman & Hall, page 206:

(farriery, archaic) A disease in the mouths of horses involving inflammation in the cheeks or lips.


spavined

en-adj

spavined (comparative more spavined, superlative most spavined)

more spavined (comparative)
most spavined (superlative)

From Late Middle English spaueyned, from spavein, spaveine (“swelling on horse’s leg causing lameness; disease causing lameness in horses”) + -ed (suffix forming adjectives; and the past tense and past participle forms of weak verbs). By surface analysis, spavin + -ed (suffix forming possessional adjectives from nouns, denoting having the objects represented by the nouns; and forming past tenses of regular verbs).

surf

Coordinate term: foundered

[H]e […] made a present to Andrew of a broken-winded and spavined poney, in order to enable him to pursue his journey.

1817 December 31 (indicated as 1818), [Walter Scott], chapter VI, in Rob Roy. […], volume II, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Co. […]; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, →OCLC, page 115:

A horse-giver, no more than a horse-seller, has a right to palm his spavined article upon us for good ware. An equivalent is expected in either case; and, with my own good will, I would no more be cheated out of my thanks, than out of my money.

1833, Elia [pseudonym; Charles Lamb], “[Popular Fallacies.] XI. That We Must Not Look a Gift-Horse in the Mouth, […].”, in The Last Essays of Elia. […], London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 250:

[…] Mr. Thumble, […] had ridden over to Hogglestock on a poor spavined brute belonging to the bishop's stable, and which had once been the bishop's cob.

1867, Anthony Trollope, “The Bishop’s Angel”, in The Last Chronicle of Barset. […], volume I, London: Smith, Elder and Co., […], →OCLC, page 106:

As for the wonderful feats of horsemanship one hears of or sees among the Arabs, they are due to sharp spurs like razors, and to bits strong enough to break an animal's jaw. […] The favourite feat at their fantasias or fêtes of suddenly pulling up their horses short while at a hand-gallop, ruins their legs, and there is in consequence scarcely a horse to be seen whose hind-legs are not spavined.

1868, Mrs. H. Lloyd Evans, “Across the Atlas”, in Last Winter in Algeria, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, page 100:

The Whig party was supposed to be broken in 1842. It was likened to the man who wished to sell his horse. A by-stander asked if the horse was not spavined? "Spavined! I don't know what that is; but if the horse is any better for being spavined, then he is spavined!"

1876, Samuel S[ullivan] Cox, “Legislative Anecdote—Continued”, in Why We Laugh, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC, page 281:

Into the vale from the north rode a stranger. He was mounted on a mangy, shovel-headed horse so spavined that it should have been unable to support his improbable bulk.

2010, Stephen R[eeder] Donaldson, Against All Things Ending (The Last Chronicles of Thomas Covenant; 3), New York, N.Y.: G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam’s Sons, →ISBN, page 54:

(farriery, veterinary medicine) Of a horse: having spavin (“a disease of horses caused by a bony swelling which develops in a leg due to inflammation”).


podkowa

podkówka (diminutive)
podkowa (nominative singular)
podkowy (nominative plural)
podkowy (genitive singular)
podków (genitive plural)
podkowie (dative singular)
podkowom (dative plural)
podkowę (accusative singular)
podkowy (accusative plural)
podkową (instrumental singular)
podkowami (instrumental plural)
podkowie (locative singular)
podkowach (locative plural)
podkowo (singular vocative)
podkowy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *podъkova. By surface analysis, deverbal from podkuć.


sferrare

it-verb

sferràre (first-person singular present sfèrro, first-person singular past historic sferrài, past participle sferràto, auxiliary avére)

sferràre (canonical)
sfèrro (first-person present singular)
sferrài (first-person historic past singular)
sferràto (participle past)
avére (auxiliary)
sferràre (infinitive)
avére (auxiliary)
sferràndo (gerund)
sferrànte (participle present)
sferràto (participle past)
sfèrro (first-person indicative present singular)
sfèrri (indicative present second-person singular)
sfèrra (indicative present singular third-person)
sferriàmo (first-person indicative plural present)
sferràte (indicative plural present second-person)
sfèrrano (indicative plural present third-person)
sferràvo (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
sferràvi (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
sferràva (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
sferravàmo (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
sferravàte (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
sferràvano (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
sferrài (first-person historic indicative past singular)
sferràsti (historic indicative past second-person singular)
sferrò (historic indicative past singular third-person)
sferràmmo (first-person historic indicative past plural)
sferràste (historic indicative past plural second-person)
sferràrono (historic indicative past plural third-person)
sferrerò (first-person future indicative singular)
sferrerài (future indicative second-person singular)
sferrerà (future indicative singular third-person)
sferrerémo (first-person future indicative plural)
sferreréte (future indicative plural second-person)
sferrerànno (future indicative plural third-person)
sferrerèi (conditional first-person singular)
sferrerésti (conditional second-person singular)
sferrerèbbe (conditional singular third-person)
sferrerébbe (conditional singular third-person)
sferrerémmo (conditional first-person plural)
sferreréste (conditional plural second-person)
sferrerèbbero (conditional plural third-person)
sferrerébbero (conditional plural third-person)
sfèrri (first-person present singular subjunctive)
sfèrri (present second-person singular subjunctive)
sfèrri (present singular subjunctive third-person)
sferriàmo (first-person plural present subjunctive)
sferriàte (plural present second-person subjunctive)
sfèrrino (plural present subjunctive third-person)
sferràssi (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
sferràssi (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
sferràsse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
sferràssimo (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
sferràste (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
sferràssero (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
sfèrra (imperative second-person singular)
sfèrri (formal imperative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
sferriàmo (first-person imperative plural)
sferràte (imperative plural second-person)
sfèrrino (formal imperative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
sferràre (imperative negative second-person singular)
sfèrri (formal imperative negative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
sferriàmo (first-person imperative negative plural)
sferràte (imperative negative plural second-person)
sfèrrino (formal imperative negative plural second-person-semantically third-person)

From Vulgar Latin *exferrāre. By surface analysis, s- + ferro (“horseshoe”), ferri (“shackles”) + -are. Cognate with Sicilian sfirrari.

surf

(transitive, farriery) to unshoe (a horse)


sferra

From Vulgar Latin *exferra. By surface analysis, deverbal from sferrare (“to unshoe (a horse)”) + -a. Compare Neapolitan sferra and Sicilian sferra.

(farriery) exhausted horseshoe; the old horseshoe after it is removed from the hoof of a horse


sferra

From Vulgar Latin *exferra. By surface analysis, sfirrari (“to unshoe (a horse)”) + -a. For clearer semantic evolution see Italian sferra, and compare Neapolitan sferra. Doublet of scerra.

(farriery) broken old exhausted horseshoe after it is taken from the hoof of the horse


suelta

Comió Sancho sin hacerse de rogar, y tragaba a escuras bocados de nudos de suelta.

1615, Miguel de Cervantes, Don Quixote 2.13

Sancho ate with good cheer, and he devoured without looking bits of hobble knots.

(farriery) hopple, hobble, pastern, fetter to fix the feet of an animal


نعلبند

head

نعلبند • (naʼlband) (definite accusative نعلبندی (naʼlbandı), plural نعلبندلر (naʼlbandlar))

naʼlband (romanization)
نعلبندی (accusative definite)
نعلبندلر (plural)

Turkish: nalbant

→ Albanian: nallban

→ Bulgarian: налба́нт (nalbánt)

→ Macedonian: налбат (nalbat)

→ Romanian: nalbant

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: на̀лбант

Latin script: nàlbant

Borrowed from Persian نعلبند (na'l-band, “farrier”), from نعل (na'l, “horseshoe”) + بند (-band, “maker”).

bor+

farrier, horseshoer, a person who trims the hooves and fits the horseshoe


نعلبند

→ Azerbaijani: nalbənd

desc

→ Middle Armenian: նալբանդ (nalband), նալպանտ (nalpant)

Armenian: նալբանդ (nalband)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: نعلبند (nalbant)
Turkish: nalbant
→ Albanian: nallban
→ Bulgarian: налба́нт (nalbánt)
→ Macedonian: налбат (nalbat)
→ Romanian: nalbant
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: на̀лбант
Latin script: nàlbant

Composed of نعل (na'l, “horseshoe”) and بند (-band, “maker”).


тренога

ru-noun+

трено́га • (trenóga) f inan (genitive трено́ги, nominative plural трено́ги, genitive plural трено́г)

трено́га (canonical)
trenóga (romanization)
трено́ги (genitive)
трено́ги (nominative plural)
трено́г (genitive plural)
трено́га (nominative singular)
трено́ги (nominative plural)
трено́ги (genitive singular)
трено́г (genitive plural)
трено́ге (dative singular)
трено́гам (dative plural)
трено́гу (accusative singular)
трено́ги (accusative plural)
трено́гой (instrumental singular)
трено́гою (instrumental singular)
трено́гами (instrumental plural)
трено́ге (prepositional singular)
трено́гах (plural prepositional)

hobble (a binding to keep beasts from running)


bloodstick

1831-1850, William Youatt, On the Structure and the Diseases of the Horse
A bloodstick - a piece of hard wood loaded at one end with lead — is used to strike the fleam into the vein

(farriery) A piece of hard wood loaded at one end with lead, used to strike the fleam into the vein.


butteris

Related to buttress (noun). From French bouter (“to push”).

(farriery) A cutting instrument, with a long bent shank set in a handle which rests against the operator's shoulder, used in paring the hoofs of horses.


gourdy

en-adj

gourdy (comparative more gourdy, superlative most gourdy)

more gourdy (comparative)
most gourdy (superlative)

Either from gourd, or less likely from French gourd (“benumbed”).

(farriery, of a horse, obsolete) Having swollen legs


countermark

(farriery) An artificial cavity made in the teeth of horses that have outgrown their natural mark, to disguise their age.


نعل

head

نعل • (naʼl) (definite accusative نعلی (naʼlı), plural نعال (niʼal))

naʼl (romanization)
نعلی (accusative definite)
نعال (plural)

Turkish: nal

Borrowed from Arabic نَعْل (naʕl, “horseshoe”).

bor+

horseshoe, the U-shaped shoe of a horse, now typically made of metal


acial

From earlier aciar, from Andalusian Arabic الزِيَار (az-ziyār), from Arabic زِيَار (ziyār).


podkówka

podkówka (nominative singular)
podkówki (nominative plural)
podkówki (genitive singular)
podkówek (genitive plural)
podkówce (dative singular)
podkówkom (dative plural)
podkówkę (accusative singular)
podkówki (accusative plural)
podkówką (instrumental singular)
podkówkami (instrumental plural)
podkówce (locative singular)
podkówkach (locative plural)
podkówko (singular vocative)
podkówki (plural vocative)


اشکیل

head

اشکیل • (eškil)

fa-noun

اشکیل • (eškil)

Compare Arabic شِكَال (šikāl, “hobble”), a likely loanword.


بوقاغی

head

بوقاغی • (bukağı)

ota-noun

بوقاغی • (bukağı)

Turkish: bukağı

→ Bulgarian: букаи́ (bukaí)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бука̀гије

Latin script: bukàgije

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bukagu (“fetters, chain, string”); cognate with Azerbaijani buxov, Bashkir бығау (bığaw), Chuvash пӑхав (păh̬av), Kazakh бұғау (būğau), Uzbek boʻgʻov and Yakut бакаайы (bakaayı).

inh+

hobble, a short strap tied between the legs of horses


بيطار

ar-noun

بَيْطَار • (bayṭār) m (plural بَيَاطِر (bayāṭir) or بَيَاطِير (bayāṭīr) or بَيَاطِرَة (bayāṭira))

بَيْطَار (canonical)
bayṭār (romanization)
بَيَاطِر (plural)
بَيَاطِير (plural)
بَيَاطِرَة (plural)
بَيْطَار (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْبَيْطَار (definite informal singular triptote)
بَيْطَار (construct informal singular triptote)
بَيْطَارٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْبَيْطَارُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
بَيْطَارُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
بَيْطَارًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْبَيْطَارَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
بَيْطَارَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
بَيْطَارٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْبَيْطَارِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
بَيْطَارِ (construct genitive singular triptote)
بَيْطَارَيْن (dual indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْبَيْطَارَيْن (definite dual informal singular triptote)
بَيْطَارَيْ (construct dual informal singular triptote)
بَيْطَارَانِ (dual indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْبَيْطَارَانِ (definite dual nominative singular triptote)
بَيْطَارَا (construct dual nominative singular triptote)
بَيْطَارَيْنِ (accusative dual indefinite singular triptote)
الْبَيْطَارَيْنِ (accusative definite dual singular triptote)
بَيْطَارَيْ (accusative construct dual singular triptote)
بَيْطَارَيْنِ (dual genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْبَيْطَارَيْنِ (definite dual genitive singular triptote)
بَيْطَارَيْ (construct dual genitive singular triptote)
بَيَاطِر (ar-infl-a broken-form diptote indefinite informal plural triptote)
بَيَاطِير (ar-infl-a broken-form diptote indefinite informal plural triptote)
بَيَاطِرَة (ar-infl-a broken-form diptote indefinite informal plural triptote)
الْبَيَاطِر (ar-infl-a broken-form definite diptote informal plural triptote)
الْبَيَاطِير (ar-infl-a broken-form definite diptote informal plural triptote)
الْبَيَاطِرَة (ar-infl-a broken-form definite diptote informal plural triptote)
بَيَاطِر (ar-infl-a broken-form construct diptote informal plural triptote)
بَيَاطِير (ar-infl-a broken-form construct diptote informal plural triptote)
بَيَاطِرَة (ar-infl-a broken-form construct diptote informal plural triptote)
بَيَاطِرُ (ar-infl-a broken-form diptote indefinite nominative plural triptote)
بَيَاطِيرُ (ar-infl-a broken-form diptote indefinite nominative plural triptote)
بَيَاطِرَةٌ (ar-infl-a broken-form diptote indefinite nominative plural triptote)
الْبَيَاطِرُ (ar-infl-a broken-form definite diptote nominative plural triptote)
الْبَيَاطِيرُ (ar-infl-a broken-form definite diptote nominative plural triptote)
الْبَيَاطِرَةُ (ar-infl-a broken-form definite diptote nominative plural triptote)
بَيَاطِرُ (ar-infl-a broken-form construct diptote nominative plural triptote)
بَيَاطِيرُ (ar-infl-a broken-form construct diptote nominative plural triptote)
بَيَاطِرَةُ (ar-infl-a broken-form construct diptote nominative plural triptote)
بَيَاطِرَ (accusative ar-infl-a broken-form diptote indefinite plural triptote)
بَيَاطِيرَ (accusative ar-infl-a broken-form diptote indefinite plural triptote)
بَيَاطِرَةً (accusative ar-infl-a broken-form diptote indefinite plural triptote)
الْبَيَاطِرَ (accusative ar-infl-a broken-form definite diptote plural triptote)
الْبَيَاطِيرَ (accusative ar-infl-a broken-form definite diptote plural triptote)
الْبَيَاطِرَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a broken-form definite diptote plural triptote)
بَيَاطِرَ (accusative ar-infl-a broken-form construct diptote plural triptote)
بَيَاطِيرَ (accusative ar-infl-a broken-form construct diptote plural triptote)
بَيَاطِرَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a broken-form construct diptote plural triptote)
بَيَاطِرَ (ar-infl-a broken-form diptote genitive indefinite plural triptote)
بَيَاطِيرَ (ar-infl-a broken-form diptote genitive indefinite plural triptote)
بَيَاطِرَةٍ (ar-infl-a broken-form diptote genitive indefinite plural triptote)
الْبَيَاطِرِ (ar-infl-a broken-form definite diptote genitive plural triptote)
الْبَيَاطِيرِ (ar-infl-a broken-form definite diptote genitive plural triptote)
الْبَيَاطِرَةِ (ar-infl-a broken-form definite diptote genitive plural triptote)
بَيَاطِرِ (ar-infl-a broken-form construct diptote genitive plural triptote)
بَيَاطِيرِ (ar-infl-a broken-form construct diptote genitive plural triptote)
بَيَاطِرَةِ (ar-infl-a broken-form construct diptote genitive plural triptote)

→ Azerbaijani: baytar

desc

→ Middle Armenian: պայտար (paytar), պայթար (paytʻar), բայտար (baytar), փայտար (pʻaytar)

Armenian: պայտար (paytar), պայտառ (paytaṙ)

→ Georgian: ბაითალი (baitali)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: بیطار (baytar), بیطر (baytar)
Turkish: baytar

→ Northern Kurdish: beytar, beyter

→ Spanish: albéitar

→ Basque: albaitari

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἱππιατρός (hippiatrós), from ἵππος (híppos, “horse”) + ἰατρός (iatrós, “physician”). Cognate with Aramaic אִפִּיטְרוּס (ʾippīṭrūs), Classical Syriac ܦܝܛܪܐ (pyaṭrā) and ܒܛܪܐ (baṭrā). Reinterpreted as from the root ب ط ر (b ṭ r) related to “slashing, cutting”, because the farrier cuts the hoofs.

cog

אִפִּיטְרוּס

Aramaic אִפִּיטְרוּס (ʾippīṭrūs)

ar-root

ب ط ر (b ṭ r)


nallban

sq-noun

nallban m (plural nallbanë, definite nallbani)

nallbanë (plural)
nallbani (definite)
nallban (indefinite nominative singular)
nallbani (definite nominative singular)
nallbanë (indefinite nominative plural)
nallbanët (definite nominative plural)
nallban (accusative indefinite singular)
nallbanin (accusative definite singular)
nallbanë (accusative indefinite plural)
nallbanët (accusative definite plural)
nallbani (dative indefinite singular)
nallbanit (dative definite singular)
nallbanëve (dative indefinite plural)
nallbanëve (dative definite plural)
nallbani (ablative indefinite singular)
nallbanit (ablative definite singular)
nallbanësh (ablative indefinite plural)
nallbanëve (ablative definite plural)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish نعلبند (nalbant).


potkua

sq-noun

potkua m (plural potkonj, definite potkoi)

Borrowed from South Slavic, ultimately from Proto-Slavic *podъkova. Compare Bulgarian подко́ва (podkóva), Serbo-Croatian pòtkova /по̀ткова, Romanian potcoavă.

cog

pòtkova//по̀ткова


زيار

ar-noun

زِيَار • (ziyār) m (plural زِيَارَات (ziyārāt))

زِيَار (canonical)
ziyār (romanization)
زِيَارَات (plural)
زِيَار (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الزِّيَار (definite informal singular triptote)
زِيَار (construct informal singular triptote)
زِيَارٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الزِّيَارُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
زِيَارُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
زِيَارًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الزِّيَارَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
زِيَارَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
زِيَارٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الزِّيَارِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
زِيَارِ (construct genitive singular triptote)
زِيَارَيْن (dual indefinite informal singular triptote)
الزِّيَارَيْن (definite dual informal singular triptote)
زِيَارَيْ (construct dual informal singular triptote)
زِيَارَانِ (dual indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الزِّيَارَانِ (definite dual nominative singular triptote)
زِيَارَا (construct dual nominative singular triptote)
زِيَارَيْنِ (accusative dual indefinite singular triptote)
الزِّيَارَيْنِ (accusative definite dual singular triptote)
زِيَارَيْ (accusative construct dual singular triptote)
زِيَارَيْنِ (dual genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الزِّيَارَيْنِ (definite dual genitive singular triptote)
زِيَارَيْ (construct dual genitive singular triptote)
زِيَارَات (feminine indefinite informal plural sound-form)
الزِّيَارَات (definite feminine informal plural sound-form)
زِيَارَات (construct feminine informal plural sound-form)
زِيَارَاتٌ (feminine indefinite nominative plural sound-form)
الزِّيَارَاتُ (definite feminine nominative plural sound-form)
زِيَارَاتُ (construct feminine nominative plural sound-form)
زِيَارَاتٍ (accusative feminine indefinite plural sound-form)
الزِّيَارَاتِ (accusative definite feminine plural sound-form)
زِيَارَاتِ (accusative construct feminine plural sound-form)
زِيَارَاتٍ (feminine genitive indefinite plural sound-form)
الزِّيَارَاتِ (definite feminine genitive plural sound-form)
زِيَارَاتِ (construct feminine genitive plural sound-form)

→ Galician: aceal

→ Leonese: aceal

→ Portuguese: aziar

→ Spanish: aciar, acial

Borrowed from Aramaic זַיָּירָא (zayyārā, “presser, that in which an object is squeezed”), related to זוּר (zōr, “to tie up, to wring, to press, to hold on tightly”).

bor

فإذا أَرَدتَ فتح عرق أو وداج فخذ المبضع بين إصبعك الإبهام والسبّابة كأخذك القلم للكتابة به وليكن نصابه في راحتك وتخرج من رأسه خارج طرفي إصبعك المذكورين قدر طول ظفر إبهامك وأقلّ من ذلك إلى قدر نصف ظفر إبهامك ثم أفتح العرق إلى فوق شقّا بليغا برفق وخفّة. وأمّا التوديج يالقضيب وهو معلوم فتركب فيه المبضع وتخرج من طرفه خارج من القضيب قدر طول ظفر إبهامك، ولا تعجل بالضرب بالمبضع حتّى تقف على العرق بعينه وخاصة الوداجين، ولا تودّج حتّى تستوثق من الدابّة بالشكل والزيار ليألُ يضطرب وتختنق الدابّة بالخناق خنقا شديدا ليدرّ العرق. فإن ذلك موضوع خبيث وإن جاوزت يدك ربّما أصاب المبضع عرق الماء وهو المريء الدابّة فقتله.

c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802ᴵᴬ, Cap. 33, Art. 9, page 673:

If you want to open a vein or jugular, take the scalpel between your thumb and index finger, take it like you take the quill for writing with it, so that its grip is in your palm, and you turn away from its head outwith the two tips of your said fingers by a length of the nail of your thumb and less than that by a half of the nail of your thumb, then you open the vein upwards making a sufficient cut with gentleness and levity. And what concerns the cutting the jugular with the known rod, you mount the scalpel in it and you move away from the rod’s tip by the length of the nail of your thumb, but don’t hasten with hitting with the scalpel until you have discerned the vein by its eye, particularly the two jugulars, and don’t do a jugular cut until you have provided for the security of the beast by hopples and a twitch, so you do not agitate or suffocate the beast at its throat by excessive choking, so the vein flows with abundance. This part being particularly perilous, if your hand go to far then the scalpel could hit the water vein [or windpipe], that is the oesophaghus of the beast, and it would kill it.

barnacle, twitch, a kind of pincers or vise to fix the mouth of a horse to yield the opportunity of surgery


morailles

From Old Occitan moralha, from Vulgar Latin *murrum (“muzzle, snout”), the like source as in morion (“a kind of helmet with no visor”), moraine (“amassment of rocks on a glacier”).

(farriery) barnacle, twitch, a kind of pincers or vise to fix the mouth of a horse to yield the opportunity of surgery


شكال

ar-noun

شِكَال • (šikāl) m (plural شُكُل (šukul))

شِكَال (canonical)
šikāl (romanization)
شُكُل (plural)
شِكَال (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الشِّكَال (definite informal singular triptote)
شِكَال (construct informal singular triptote)
شِكَالٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الشِّكَالُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
شِكَالُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
شِكَالًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الشِّكَالَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
شِكَالَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
شِكَالٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الشِّكَالِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
شِكَالِ (construct genitive singular triptote)
شِكَالَيْن (dual indefinite informal singular triptote)
الشِّكَالَيْن (definite dual informal singular triptote)
شِكَالَيْ (construct dual informal singular triptote)
شِكَالَانِ (dual indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الشِّكَالَانِ (definite dual nominative singular triptote)
شِكَالَا (construct dual nominative singular triptote)
شِكَالَيْنِ (accusative dual indefinite singular triptote)
الشِّكَالَيْنِ (accusative definite dual singular triptote)
شِكَالَيْ (accusative construct dual singular triptote)
شِكَالَيْنِ (dual genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الشِّكَالَيْنِ (definite dual genitive singular triptote)
شِكَالَيْ (construct dual genitive singular triptote)
شُكُل (broken-form indefinite informal plural triptote)
الشُّكُل (broken-form definite informal plural triptote)
شُكُل (broken-form construct informal plural triptote)
شُكُلٌ (broken-form indefinite nominative plural triptote)
الشُّكُلُ (broken-form definite nominative plural triptote)
شُكُلُ (broken-form construct nominative plural triptote)
شُكُلًا (accusative broken-form indefinite plural triptote)
الشُّكُلَ (accusative broken-form definite plural triptote)
شُكُلَ (accusative broken-form construct plural triptote)
شُكُلٍ (broken-form genitive indefinite plural triptote)
الشُّكُلِ (broken-form definite genitive plural triptote)
شُكُلِ (broken-form construct genitive plural triptote)

From the root ش ك ل (š k l) which had an original significance of plaiting hair, to shape or place in a form, to bind or hold in place, to look at or work attentively and skillfully. Attested in Biblical Hebrew שִׂכֵּל֙ (“crossing or plaiting one's hands”) in he:T:14 with connection likely to Akkadian 𒊓𒅗𒇻 (/sakālu/, “to balk, to get stuck, to be stopped or held fast”) said especially of equids and locks.
The relation to Persian اشکیل (eškil, “hobble”), اشکل (eškel, “hobble”) is of uncertain nature. But since the Iranian form is backed by Central Kurdish ئەشکێڵ (eşkêll, “diameter, diagonal”), ئەشکێڵکِردِن (eşkêllkirdin, “tie the feet together and throw (the animal)”), ئەشکۆڵ (eşkoll), ئەشکەڵە (eşkelle, “a wood thing to close door; a wood thing to pitch a tent; a wood instrument of torture”), Persian اشکلک (eškelak, “a wood instrument of torture”), and considering that the coordinate instrument زِيَار (ziyār, “twitch”) is borrowed from Aramaic זַיָּירָא (zayyārā, “squeezer”) not attested in the farriery meaning, the present Arabic word is probably loaned likewise from an unattested Aramaic designation for the hobble, and then levelled in its vocalism by being paired with زِيَار (ziyār, “twitch”), and other words of the horse tack realm like زِمَام (zimām, “reins”), عِنَان (ʕinān, “the strap of the bridle, reins”), لِجَام (lijām, “bridle”), رِكَاب (rikāb, “stirrup”).

ar-root

ش ك ل (š k l)

cog

فإذا أَرَدتَ فتح عرق أو وداج فخذ المبضع بين إصبعك الإبهام والسبّابة كأخذك القلم للكتابة به وليكن نصابه في راحتك وتخرج من رأسه خارج طرفي إصبعك المذكورين قدر طول ظفر إبهامك وأقلّ من ذلك إلى قدر نصف ظفر إبهامك ثم أفتح العرق إلى فوق شقّا بليغا برفق وخفّة. وأمّا التوديج يالقضيب وهو معلوم فتركب فيه المبضع وتخرج من طرفه خارج من القضيب قدر طول ظفر إبهامك، ولا تعجل بالضرب بالمبضع حتّى تقف على العرق بعينه وخاصة الوداجين، ولا تودّج حتّى تستوثق من الدابّة بالشكل والزيار ليألُ يضطرب وتختنق الدابّة بالخناق خنقا شديدا ليدرّ العرق. فإنّ ذلك موضوع خبيث وإن جاوزت يدك ربّما أصاب المبضع عرق الماء وهو المريء الدابّة فقتله.

hopple, hobble, pastern; a kind of fetter used to restrain the feet of an animal so that surgery can be performed on it


копытник

ru-noun+

копы́тник • (kopýtnik) m inan (genitive копы́тника, nominative plural копы́тники, genitive plural копы́тников)

копы́тник (canonical)
kopýtnik (romanization)
копы́тника (genitive)
копы́тники (nominative plural)
копы́тников (genitive plural)
копы́тник (nominative singular)
копы́тники (nominative plural)
копы́тника (genitive singular)
копы́тников (genitive plural)
копы́тнику (dative singular)
копы́тникам (dative plural)
копы́тник (accusative singular)
копы́тники (accusative plural)
копы́тником (instrumental singular)
копы́тниками (instrumental plural)
копы́тнике (prepositional singular)
копы́тниках (plural prepositional)

Inherited from Old East Slavic копытникъ (kopytnikŭ), from Proto-Slavic *kopytъnikъ. By surface analysis, копы́то (kopýto) + -ник (-nik).

surf

копы́тникъ — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

(dialectal, farriery) knife to work on hooves, hoof trimmer, hoof nipper


mbathtar

sq-noun

mbathtar m (plural mbathtarë, definite mbathtari)

mbathtarë (plural)
mbathtari (definite)
mbathtar (indefinite nominative singular)
mbathtari (definite nominative singular)
mbathtarë (indefinite nominative plural)
mbathtarët (definite nominative plural)
mbathtar (accusative indefinite singular)
mbathtarin (accusative definite singular)
mbathtarë (accusative indefinite plural)
mbathtarët (accusative definite plural)
mbathtari (dative indefinite singular)
mbathtarit (dative definite singular)
mbathtarëve (dative indefinite plural)
mbathtarëve (dative definite plural)
mbathtari (ablative indefinite singular)
mbathtarit (ablative definite singular)
mbathtarësh (ablative indefinite plural)
mbathtarëve (ablative definite plural)

From mbath (“to put on footwear”) + -tar.


podkuć

podkuwać (imperfective)
podkuć (infinitive)
podkuję (future singular)
podkujemy (future plural)
podkujesz (future singular)
podkujecie (future plural)
podkuje (future singular third-person)
podkują (future plural third-person)
podkuje się (future impersonal)
podkułem (masculine past singular)
-(e)m podkuł (masculine past singular)
podkułam (feminine past singular)
-(e)m podkuła (feminine past singular)
podkułom (neuter past singular)
-(e)m podkuło (neuter past singular)
podkuliśmy (past plural virile)
-(e)śmy podkuli (past plural virile)
podkułyśmy (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)śmy podkuły (nonvirile past plural)
podkułeś (masculine past singular)
-(e)ś podkuł (masculine past singular)
podkułaś (feminine past singular)
-(e)ś podkuła (feminine past singular)
podkułoś (neuter past singular)
-(e)ś podkuło (neuter past singular)
podkuliście (past plural virile)
-(e)ście podkuli (past plural virile)
podkułyście (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)ście podkuły (nonvirile past plural)
podkuł (masculine past singular third-person)
podkuła (feminine past singular third-person)
podkuło (neuter past singular third-person)
podkuli (past plural third-person virile)
podkuły (nonvirile past plural third-person)
podkuto (impersonal past)
podkułbym (conditional masculine singular)
bym podkuł (conditional masculine singular)
podkułabym (conditional feminine singular)
bym podkuła (conditional feminine singular)
podkułobym (conditional neuter singular)
bym podkuło (conditional neuter singular)
podkulibyśmy (conditional plural virile)
byśmy podkuli (conditional plural virile)
podkułybyśmy (conditional nonvirile plural)
byśmy podkuły (conditional nonvirile plural)
podkułbyś (conditional masculine singular)
byś podkuł (conditional masculine singular)
podkułabyś (conditional feminine singular)
byś podkuła (conditional feminine singular)
podkułobyś (conditional neuter singular)
byś podkuło (conditional neuter singular)
podkulibyście (conditional plural virile)
byście podkuli (conditional plural virile)
podkułybyście (conditional nonvirile plural)
byście podkuły (conditional nonvirile plural)
podkułby (conditional masculine singular third-person)
by podkuł (conditional masculine singular third-person)
podkułaby (conditional feminine singular third-person)
by podkuła (conditional feminine singular third-person)
podkułoby (conditional neuter singular third-person)
by podkuło (conditional neuter singular third-person)
podkuliby (conditional plural third-person virile)
by podkuli (conditional plural third-person virile)
podkułyby (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
by podkuły (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
podkuto by (conditional impersonal)
niech podkuję (imperative singular)
podkujmy (imperative plural)
podkuj (imperative singular)
podkujcie (imperative plural)
niech podkuje (imperative singular third-person)
niech podkują (imperative plural third-person)
podkuty (adjectival masculine participle passive singular)
podkuta (adjectival feminine participle passive singular)
podkute (adjectival neuter participle passive singular)
podkuci (adjectival participle passive plural virile)
podkute (adjectival nonvirile participle passive plural)
podkuwszy (adverbial anterior participle)
podkucie (noun-from-verb)

(intransitive, reflexive with się, colloquial) to gen up, to read up on, to bone up (learn for a while so that one gains more knowledge in a specific field)


podkuwać

podkuć (perfective)
podkuwać (infinitive)
podkuwam (present singular)
podkuwamy (plural present)
podkuwasz (present singular)
podkuwacie (plural present)
podkuwa (present singular third-person)
podkuwają (plural present third-person)
podkuwa się (impersonal present)
podkuwałem (masculine past singular)
-(e)m podkuwał (masculine past singular)
podkuwałam (feminine past singular)
-(e)m podkuwała (feminine past singular)
podkuwałom (neuter past singular)
-(e)m podkuwało (neuter past singular)
podkuwaliśmy (past plural virile)
-(e)śmy podkuwali (past plural virile)
podkuwałyśmy (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)śmy podkuwały (nonvirile past plural)
podkuwałeś (masculine past singular)
-(e)ś podkuwał (masculine past singular)
podkuwałaś (feminine past singular)
-(e)ś podkuwała (feminine past singular)
podkuwałoś (neuter past singular)
-(e)ś podkuwało (neuter past singular)
podkuwaliście (past plural virile)
-(e)ście podkuwali (past plural virile)
podkuwałyście (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)ście podkuwały (nonvirile past plural)
podkuwał (masculine past singular third-person)
podkuwała (feminine past singular third-person)
podkuwało (neuter past singular third-person)
podkuwali (past plural third-person virile)
podkuwały (nonvirile past plural third-person)
podkuwano (impersonal past)
będę podkuwał (future masculine singular)
będę podkuwać (future masculine singular)
będę podkuwała (feminine future singular)
będę podkuwać (feminine future singular)
będę podkuwało (future neuter singular)
będę podkuwać (future neuter singular)
będziemy podkuwali (future plural virile)
będziemy podkuwać (future plural virile)
będziemy podkuwały (future nonvirile plural)
będziemy podkuwać (future nonvirile plural)
będziesz podkuwał (future masculine singular)
będziesz podkuwać (future masculine singular)
będziesz podkuwała (feminine future singular)
będziesz podkuwać (feminine future singular)
będziesz podkuwało (future neuter singular)
będziesz podkuwać (future neuter singular)
będziecie podkuwali (future plural virile)
będziecie podkuwać (future plural virile)
będziecie podkuwały (future nonvirile plural)
będziecie podkuwać (future nonvirile plural)
będzie podkuwał (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie podkuwać (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie podkuwała (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie podkuwać (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie podkuwało (future neuter singular third-person)
będzie podkuwać (future neuter singular third-person)
będą podkuwali (future plural third-person virile)
będą podkuwać (future plural third-person virile)
będą podkuwały (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będą podkuwać (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będzie podkuwać się (future impersonal)
podkuwałbym (conditional masculine singular)
bym podkuwał (conditional masculine singular)
podkuwałabym (conditional feminine singular)
bym podkuwała (conditional feminine singular)
podkuwałobym (conditional neuter singular)
bym podkuwało (conditional neuter singular)
podkuwalibyśmy (conditional plural virile)
byśmy podkuwali (conditional plural virile)
podkuwałybyśmy (conditional nonvirile plural)
byśmy podkuwały (conditional nonvirile plural)
podkuwałbyś (conditional masculine singular)
byś podkuwał (conditional masculine singular)
podkuwałabyś (conditional feminine singular)
byś podkuwała (conditional feminine singular)
podkuwałobyś (conditional neuter singular)
byś podkuwało (conditional neuter singular)
podkuwalibyście (conditional plural virile)
byście podkuwali (conditional plural virile)
podkuwałybyście (conditional nonvirile plural)
byście podkuwały (conditional nonvirile plural)
podkuwałby (conditional masculine singular third-person)
by podkuwał (conditional masculine singular third-person)
podkuwałaby (conditional feminine singular third-person)
by podkuwała (conditional feminine singular third-person)
podkuwałoby (conditional neuter singular third-person)
by podkuwało (conditional neuter singular third-person)
podkuwaliby (conditional plural third-person virile)
by podkuwali (conditional plural third-person virile)
podkuwałyby (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
by podkuwały (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
podkuwano by (conditional impersonal)
niech podkuwam (imperative singular)
podkuwajmy (imperative plural)
podkuwaj (imperative singular)
podkuwajcie (imperative plural)
niech podkuwa (imperative singular third-person)
niech podkuwają (imperative plural third-person)
podkuwający (active adjectival masculine participle singular)
podkuwająca (active adjectival feminine participle singular)
podkuwające (active adjectival neuter participle singular)
podkuwający (active adjectival participle plural virile)
podkuwające (active adjectival nonvirile participle plural)
podkuwany (adjectival masculine participle passive singular)
podkuwana (adjectival feminine participle passive singular)
podkuwane (adjectival neuter participle passive singular)
podkuwani (adjectival participle passive plural virile)
podkuwane (adjectival nonvirile participle passive plural)
podkuwając (adjectival contemporary participle)
podkuwanie (noun-from-verb)


إقليل

ar-noun

إِقْلِيل • (ʔiqlīl) m (plural إِقْلِيلَات (ʔiqlīlāt))

إِقْلِيل (canonical)
ʔiqlīl (romanization)
إِقْلِيلَات (plural)
إِقْلِيل (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْإِقْلِيل (definite informal singular triptote)
إِقْلِيل (construct informal singular triptote)
إِقْلِيلٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْإِقْلِيلُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
إِقْلِيلُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
إِقْلِيلًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْإِقْلِيلَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
إِقْلِيلَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
إِقْلِيلٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْإِقْلِيلِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
إِقْلِيلِ (construct genitive singular triptote)
إِقْلِيلَيْن (dual indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْإِقْلِيلَيْن (definite dual informal singular triptote)
إِقْلِيلَيْ (construct dual informal singular triptote)
إِقْلِيلَانِ (dual indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْإِقْلِيلَانِ (definite dual nominative singular triptote)
إِقْلِيلَا (construct dual nominative singular triptote)
إِقْلِيلَيْنِ (accusative dual indefinite singular triptote)
الْإِقْلِيلَيْنِ (accusative definite dual singular triptote)
إِقْلِيلَيْ (accusative construct dual singular triptote)
إِقْلِيلَيْنِ (dual genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْإِقْلِيلَيْنِ (definite dual genitive singular triptote)
إِقْلِيلَيْ (construct dual genitive singular triptote)
إِقْلِيلَات (feminine indefinite informal plural sound-form)
الْإِقْلِيلَات (definite feminine informal plural sound-form)
إِقْلِيلَات (construct feminine informal plural sound-form)
إِقْلِيلَاتٌ (feminine indefinite nominative plural sound-form)
الْإِقْلِيلَاتُ (definite feminine nominative plural sound-form)
إِقْلِيلَاتُ (construct feminine nominative plural sound-form)
إِقْلِيلَاتٍ (accusative feminine indefinite plural sound-form)
الْإِقْلِيلَاتِ (accusative definite feminine plural sound-form)
إِقْلِيلَاتِ (accusative construct feminine plural sound-form)
إِقْلِيلَاتٍ (feminine genitive indefinite plural sound-form)
الْإِقْلِيلَاتِ (definite feminine genitive plural sound-form)
إِقْلِيلَاتِ (construct feminine genitive plural sound-form)

From Latin aculeus, or more specifically aculeō, aculeōnis, from which form Galician aguillón etc. descend.

a. 1135, Ibn ʿAbdūn, “Un document sur la vie urbaine et les corps de métiers à Séville au début du XIIᵉ siècle: Le traité d’Ibn ʿAbdūn publié avec une introduction et un glossaire”, in Évariste Lévi-Provençal, editor, Journal asiatique, number 2, published 1934, page 226 (٣٤) line 7:

c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802ᴵᴬ, page 560 line 4 a fine:

(al-Andalus, farriery) nail fixing the iron-fitting of the hoof of a pack animal


aceal

Ultimately from Andalusian Arabic الزِيَار (az-ziyār), from Arabic زِيَار (ziyār). Cognate with Portuguese aziar and Spanish acial.


sfirrari

sfirratu (participle past)
sfirrari (infinitive)
sfirrannu (gerund)
sfirratu (participle past)
sferru (first-person indicative present singular)
sferri (indicative present second-person singular)
sferra (indicative present singular third-person)
sfirramu (first-person indicative plural present)
sfirrati (indicative plural present second-person)
sfèrranu (indicative plural present third-person)
sfèrrunu (indicative plural present third-person)
sfirrava (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
sfirravu (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
sfirravi (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
sfirrava (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
sfirràvamu (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
sfirràvavu (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
sfirràvanu (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
sfirràvunu (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
sfirrai (first-person indicative preterite singular)
sfirrasti (indicative preterite second-person singular)
sfirrau (indicative preterite singular third-person)
sfirrò (indicative preterite singular third-person)
sfirrammu (first-person indicative plural preterite)
sfirramu (first-person indicative plural preterite)
sfirràstivu (indicative plural preterite second-person)
sfirràrunu (indicative plural preterite third-person)
sfirraru (indicative plural preterite third-person)
sfirrirò (first-person future indicative singular)
sfirrirogghiu (first-person future indicative singular)
sfirrirai (future indicative second-person singular)
sfirrirà (future indicative singular third-person)
sfirriremu (first-person future indicative plural)
sfirrireti (future indicative plural second-person)
sfirririti (future indicative plural second-person)
sfirrirannu (future indicative plural third-person)
sfirrirìa (first-person indicative singular)
sfirririssi (indicative second-person singular)
sfirrirìa (indicative singular third-person)
sfirrirìamu (first-person indicative plural)
sfirrirìavu (indicative plural second-person)
sfirrirìanu (indicative plural third-person)
sferru (first-person present singular subjunctive)
sferri (present second-person singular subjunctive)
sferra (present singular subjunctive third-person)
sfirramu (first-person plural present subjunctive)
sfirrati (plural present second-person subjunctive)
sfèrranu (plural present subjunctive third-person)
sfèrrunu (plural present subjunctive third-person)
sfirrassi (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
sfirrassi (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
sfirrassi (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
sfirràssimu (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
sfirràssivu (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
sfirràssiru (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
sferra (imperative second-person singular)
sfirrassi (imperative singular third-person)
sfirramu (first-person imperative plural)
sfirrati (imperative plural second-person)

From Vulgar Latin *exferrō, *exferrāre. Compare Italian sferrare. By surface analysis, s- + ferru + -ari. Compare Italian perdere le staffe. Cfr. also firrijari~furrijari.

E sachi ki quantu plui si ferra lu cavallu iuvini tantu plui li soi unghi diventanu debili e molli, kí lu usu di andari sferatu genera da la sua iuvintuti li soi unghi duri e grandi.

a. 1368, De Cruyllis–Spatafora, “Di la guardia et di la doctrina di lu cavallu”, in Libru di la Mascalchia […], translation of De Medicina equorum by Giordano Ruffo, page 11v:

And know that the younger the horse is shoed the more his hooves become weak and soft, because the practice of going unshoed yields big and strong hooves from his youth.


sferrarsi

it-verb

sferràrsi (first-person singular present mi sfèrro, first-person singular past historic mi sferrài, past participle sferràto)

sferràrsi (canonical)
mi sfèrro (first-person present singular)
mi sferrài (first-person historic past singular)
sferràto (participle past)

(farriery, of a horse) to lose one's shoes


limpiacascos

Verb-object compound, composed of limpia (“to clean”) + cascos (“hooves”).


hobuseraud

head

hobuseraud (genitive hobuseraua, partitive hobuserauda)

hobuseraua (genitive)
hobuserauda (partitive)
hobuseraud (nominative singular)
hobuserauad (nominative plural)
hobuseraud (accusative nominative singular)
hobuserauad (accusative nominative plural)
hobuseraua (accusative genitive singular)
hobuserauad (accusative genitive plural)
hobuseraua (genitive singular)
hobuseraudade (genitive plural)
hobuserauda (partitive singular)
hobuseraudu (partitive plural)
hobuseraudasid (partitive plural)
hobuserauda (illative singular)
hobuserauasse (illative singular)
hobuseraudadesse (illative plural)
hobuserauas (inessive singular)
hobuseraudades (inessive plural)
hobuserauast (elative singular)
hobuseraudadest (elative plural)
hobuserauale (allative singular)
hobuseraudadele (allative plural)
hobuseraual (adessive singular)
hobuseraudadel (adessive plural)
hobuseraualt (ablative singular)
hobuseraudadelt (ablative plural)
hobuserauaks (singular translative)
hobuseraudadeks (plural translative)
hobuserauani (singular terminative)
hobuseraudadeni (plural terminative)
hobuserauana (essive singular)
hobuseraudadena (essive plural)
hobuserauata (abessive singular)
hobuseraudadeta (abessive plural)
hobuserauaga (comitative singular)
hobuseraudadega (comitative plural)


podkuwacz

podkuwacz (nominative singular)
podkuwacze (nominative plural)
podkuwacza (genitive singular)
podkuwaczy (genitive plural)
podkuwaczowi (dative singular)
podkuwaczom (dative plural)
podkuwacza (accusative singular)
podkuwaczy (accusative plural)
podkuwaczem (instrumental singular)
podkuwaczami (instrumental plural)
podkuwaczu (locative singular)
podkuwaczach (locative plural)
podkuwaczu (singular vocative)
podkuwacze (plural vocative)

farrier (person who maintains the health and balance of horses' feet through the trimming of the hoof and fitting of horseshoes)


بیطار

Turkish: baytar

Borrowed from Arabic بَيْطَار (bayṭār, “farrier; veterinarian”), itself from Ancient Greek ἱππιατρός (hippiatrós, “farrier”), a compound of ἵππος (híppos, “horse”) + ἰατρός (iatrós, “physician”).


نعلبندلق

head

نعلبندلق • (naʼlbandlık)

Turkish: nalbantlık

From نعلبند (naʼlband, “farrier”) + ـلق (-lık, luk, “-ness, -ship, -hood”).

suf

farriery, the work or trade of a farrier