grass

en-noun

grass (countable and uncountable, plural grasses)

Tok Pisin: gras, garas

Fiji Hindi: giraas

New York, New Orleans, Philadelphia, Baltimore

From Middle English gras, from Old English græs, from Proto-Germanic *grasą (“grass”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁- (“to grow”).
cognates
Cognate with Scots girs, gers, gress (“grass”), North Frisian gäärs, geers (“grass”), Saterland Frisian Gäärs (“grass”), West Frisian gers (“grass”), Low German Gras (“grass”), Dutch gras (“grass, turf, pasture”), German Gras (“grass, weed”), Danish græs (“grass”), Swedish gräs (“grass”), Norwegian Bokmål gress (“grass”), Faroese, Icelandic and Norwegian Nynorsk gras (“grass”), Latin herba (“plant, weed, grass”), Albanian grath (“grass blade, spike”). Related to grow, green.
The "informer" sense is probably a shortening of grasshopper (“police officer, informant”), rhyming slang for copper (“police officer”) or shopper (“informant”); the exact sequence of derivation is unclear.

inh

the grass is always greener on the other side of the fence

the grass is always greener on the other side of the road

Thou turnest man to destruction: and sayest, Returne yee children of men. / For a thousand yeeres in thy sight are but as yesterday when it is past: and as a watch in the night. / Thou carriest them away as with a flood, they are as a sleepe: in the morning they are like grasse which groweth vp. / In the morning it flourisheth, and groweth vp: in the euening it is cut downe, and withereth.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Psalms 90:3–6:

The cicale above in the lime, / And the lizards below in the grass, / Were as silent as ever old Tmolus was, / Listening to my sweet pipings.

a. 1823 (date written), Percy Bysshe Shelley, “Hymn of Pan”, in Mary W[ollstonecraft] Shelley, editor, Posthumous Poems of Percy Bysshe Shelley, London: […] [C. H. Reynell] for John and Henry L[eigh] Hunt, […], published 1824, →OCLC, page 169:

'Twas early June, the new grass was flourishing everywheres, the posies in the yard—peonies and such—in full bloom, the sun was shining, and the water of the bay was blue, with light green streaks where the shoal showed.

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

(countable, uncountable) Any plant of the family Poaceae, characterized by leaves that arise from nodes in the stem and leaf bases that wrap around the stem, especially those grown as ground cover rather than for grain.

Jojo left his home in Tucson, Arizona / For some California grass

1970, Paul McCartney (lyrics and music), “Get Back”, in Let It Be, performed by The Beatles:

(uncountable, physics) Sharp, closely spaced discontinuities in the trace of a cathode-ray tube, produced by random interference.

'Have ready a hundred of ſmall graſs boiled, then ſave tops enough to ſtick the rolls with, the reſt cut ſmall and put into the cream, fill the loaves with them.'

1769, Hannah Glasse, The Art of Cookery made Plain and Easy, 9th edition, page 195:

(countable, folk etymology) Asparagus; "sparrowgrass".


grass

en-verb

grass (third-person singular simple present grasses, present participle grassing, simple past and past participle grassed)

grasses (present singular third-person)
grassing (participle present)
grassed (participle past)
grassed (past)

The Chicken himself attributed this punishment to his having had the misfortune to get into Chancery early in the proceedings, when he was severely fibbed by the Larkey one, and heavily grassed.

1846 October 1 – 1848 April 1, Charles Dickens, Dombey and Son, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1848, →OCLC:

He flew at me with his knife, and I had to grass him twice, and got a cut over the knuckles, before I had the upper hand of him.

1893, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Naval Treaty, Norton, published 2005, page 709:

(transitive) To lay out on the grass; to knock down (an opponent etc.).


vi

Inherited from Old Catalan vi~vin, from Latin vīnum, from Proto-Italic *wīnom, from Proto-Indo-European *wóyh₁nom.


edible

From Late Latin edibilis, from Latin edō (“eat”).

A foodstuff, usually a baked good, infused with tetrahydrocannabinol from cannabutter or other marijuana.


grape

en-noun

grape (countable and uncountable, plural grapes)

From Middle English grape, from Old French grape, grappe, crape (“cluster of fruit or flowers, bunch of grapes”), from graper, craper (“to pick grapes”, literally “to hook”), of Germanic origin, from Frankish *krappō (“hook”), from Proto-Indo-European *greb- (“hook”), *gremb- (“crooked, uneven”), from *ger- (“to turn, bend, twist”). Cognate with Middle Dutch krappe (“hook”), Old High German krapfo (“hook”) (whence German Krapfen (“Berliner doughnut”). Doublet of grappa. More at cramp.

mountain grape

Vitis rupestris; Berberis aquifolium, syn. Mahonia aquifolium

possum grape

Vitis vulpina; Vitis baileyana; Cissus spp.

racoon grape

Vitis labrusca et al.; Ampelopsis cordata

table grape

Vitis spp.; see varieties thereof at List of grape varieties

(US, slang, colloquial, African-American Vernacular) A person's head.


viña

Inherited from Latin vīnea (“vineyard, grapevine”), from vīnum (“wine”).


hand

From Middle English hond, hand, from Old English hand, from Proto-West Germanic *handu, from Proto-Germanic *handuz.
See also Dutch and Swedish hand (“hand”), Danish hånd, German Hand, West Frisian hân). Perhaps compare Old Swedish hinna (“to gain”), Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌰-𐌷𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌰𐌽 (fra-hinþan, “to take captive, capture”); and Latvian sīts (“hunting spear”), Ancient Greek κεντέω (kentéō, “prick”), Albanian çandër (“pitchfork, prop”).

handvol

that which is, or may be, held in a hand at once

hand

set of cards held by a player in a card game

a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush

catch someone with a hand in the cookie jar

close only counts in horseshoes and hand grenades

give with one hand and take away with the other

one can't hold two watermelons in one hand

talk to the hand 'cause the face ain't listening

the hand that rocks the cradle is the hand that rules the world

the hand that rocks the cradle rules the world

the left hand doesn't know what the right hand is doing

(historical) A Native American gambling game, involving guessing the whereabouts of bits of ivory or similar, which are passed rapidly from hand to hand.


wine

en-noun

wine (countable and uncountable, plural wines)

Tok Pisin: wain
→ Rotokas: uain

→ Burmese: ဝိုင် (wuing)

→ Central Melanau: wain

→ Chuukese: wain

→ Ewe: wein

→ Hawaiian: waina

→ Japanese: ワイン (wain)

→ Kannada: ವೈನ್ (vain)

→ Korean: 와인 (wain)

→ Malay: wain

→ Maori: wāina

→ Navajo: wáán

→ Tamil: வைன் (vaiṉ)

→ Thai: ไวน์ (waai)

From Middle English wyn, win, from Old English wīn, from Proto-West Germanic *wīn, from Proto-Germanic *wīną, either directly or via Latin vīnum (from Proto-Italic *wīnom) from Proto-Indo-European *wóyh₁nom (“wine”). Doublet of vine and vino.

خَمْر

alcoholic beverage made from other fruits, vegetables or plants

And David's Lips are lock't; but in divine
High piping Péhlevi, with "Wine! Wine! Wine!
Red Wine!" — the Nightingale cries to the Rose
That yellow Cheek of her's to'incarnadine.

1859, Edward Fitzgerald, The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám: The Astronomer-Poet of Persia, page 2:

In Europe then [1925] we thought of wine as something as healthy and normal as food and also as a great giver of happiness and well being and delight. Drinking wine was not a snobbism nor a sign of sophistication nor a cult; it was as natural as eating and to me as necessary, and I would not have thought of eating a meal without drinking either wine or cider or beer.

1964, Ernest Hemingway, A Moveable Feast, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC, page 156:

Wine is usually stronger than beer.

"Wine improves with age but I improve with wine," she slurred as she slid gracefully beneath the table.

An alcoholic beverage made by fermenting grape juice, with an ABV ranging from 5.5–16%.

...dandelion wine, rice wine, plum wine...

An alcoholic beverage made by fermenting other substances, producing a similar ABV.


wine

A variant of wind with simplification of the final consonant cluster; for the vowel quality, compare find, mind, rind.

Vor voices rawze upon tha wine

1850, James Orchard Halliwell, A Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words, Obsolete Phrases, Proverbs, and Ancient Customs, from the Fourteenth Century:

Aw how sholl I tell o’m—vor âll pirty maidens / When I pass’d ’em look’d back—ther smill rawze on tha wine.

1869, James Jennings, The Dialect of the West of England, particularly Somersetshire:


wine

en-verb

wine (third-person singular simple present wines, present participle wining, simple past and past participle wined)

wines (present singular third-person)
wining (participle present)
wined (participle past)
wined (past)

From Jamaican Creole [Term?], related to wind (verb).

Even when there are positive comments, as in the responses to “white boy wines to dancehall,” the origin of the white boy's ability to dance is attributed to skills derived from others: […].

2010, Andoni Alonso, Pedro Oiarzabal, editors, Diasporas in the New Media Age: Identity, Politics, and Community, University of Nevada Press, →ISBN:

(dance, intransitive) To perform a Jamaican dance, such as the Dutty Wine.


blow

en-noun

blow (countable and uncountable, plural blows)

From Middle English blowen, from Old English blāwan (“to blow, breathe, inflate, sound”), from Proto-West Germanic *blāan, from Proto-Germanic *blēaną (“to blow”) (compare German blähen), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₁- (“to swell, blow up”) (compare Latin flō (“to blow”) and Old Armenian բեղուն (bełun, “fertile”)).


draw

en-noun

draw (countable and uncountable, plural draws)

From Middle English drawen, draȝen, dragen (“to drag, pull, push, draw (out), go to, make, add, etc.”), from Old English dragan, from Proto-West Germanic *dragan, from Proto-Germanic *draganą, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ- (“to draw, pull”). Doublet of drag and draught.
cognates
* Albanian dredh (“to turn, spin”)
* Danish drage
* Dutch dragen
* German tragen (“to carry”)
* Old Armenian դառնամ (daṙnam, “to turn”)
* Sanskrit ध्रजस् (dhrájas, “gliding course or motion”)
* West Frisian drage

cog

Selling draw to your mates but it's really Oxo cubes.

2003, “Soap Bar”, in The Manifesto, performed by Goldie Looking Chain:

Mick spoke to Simon, who was more of a drinker. He said that people who smoked draw were boring.

2017, Michael Coleman, Old Skool Rave, page 139:


pet

pecik (diminutive)
pet (nominative singular)
pety (nominative plural)
peta (genitive singular)
petów (genitive plural)
petowi (dative singular)
petom (dative plural)
pet (accusative singular)
pety (accusative plural)
petem (instrumental singular)
petami (instrumental plural)
pecie (locative singular)
petach (locative plural)
pecie (singular vocative)
pety (plural vocative)


cardinal

ro-adj

cardinal m or n (feminine singular cardinală, masculine plural cardinali, feminine and neuter plural cardinale)

cardinală (feminine singular)
cardinali (masculine plural)
cardinale (feminine neuter plural)
cardinal (indefinite masculine neuter singular)
cardinală (feminine indefinite singular)
cardinali (indefinite masculine singular)
cardinale (feminine indefinite neuter plural)
cardinalul (definite masculine neuter singular)
cardinala (definite feminine singular)
cardinalii (definite masculine singular)
cardinalele (definite feminine neuter plural)
cardinale (feminine indefinite singular)
cardinalului (definite masculine neuter singular)
cardinalei (definite feminine singular)
cardinalelor (definite masculine singular)
cardinalilor (definite feminine neuter plural)

Borrowed from French cardinal, Latin cardinālis.


cardinal

cardinali (plural)
cardinal (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
cardinalul (accusative definite nominative singular)
cardinali (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
cardinalii (accusative definite nominative plural)
cardinal (indefinite singular)
cardinalului (definite singular)
cardinali (indefinite singular)
cardinalilor (definite plural)
cardinalule (singular vocative)
cardinalilor (vocative)

a variety of grape, cultivated for consumption


煙

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *qiːn): semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 垔 (OC *qin).

Han compound

烟
菸
𠖣
𤎟
𡨾
𠖜
𤏯
烟
烟
菸

這是一種味淡的煙。

这是一种味淡的烟。

虎門銷煙

虎门销烟


煙

烟
菸
𠖣
𤎟
𡨾
𠖜
𤏯
烟
烟
菸

2003, “醉英雄”, 李岩修 (lyrics), 徐嘉良 [Galon Hsu] (music)performed by 蔡秋鳳 [Kerris Tsai]:

煙一支 檳榔一嘴

烟一支 槟榔一嘴

(Southern Min, Puxian Min) Alternative form of 薰 (“tobacco; cigarette”)


uva

From Old Galician-Portuguese uva, from Latin ūva.


uva

ūva (canonical feminine)
ūvae (genitive)
ūva (nominative singular)
ūvae (nominative plural)
ūvae (genitive singular)
ūvārum (genitive plural)
ūvae (dative singular)
ūvīs (dative plural)
ūvam (accusative singular)
ūvās (accusative plural)
ūvā (ablative singular)
ūvīs (ablative plural)
ūva (singular vocative)
ūvae (plural vocative)

Aromanian: auã

Asturian: uva

Corsican: uva

Dalmatian: joiva

Esperanto: uvo

French: uve

Friulian: ue, uve

Galician: uva

Italian: uva

Occitan: uva

Piedmontese: uva

Portuguese: uva

Romanian: auă

Romansch: iva, ieuva, uia, iua

Sardinian: úa

Sicilian: uva

Spanish: uva

Venetan: ua, ùa, ova

→ English: uva

From Proto-Italic *oiwā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyHw- (“a kind of tree with berries”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὄα (óa, “Sorbus domestica”), Old Armenian այգի (aygi, “grapevine”), Proto-Germanic *ī(h)waz (“yew”), Proto-Slavic *jь̀va (“willow”).


uva

→ Apalaí: uwa

From Old Galician-Portuguese uva, from Latin ūva. Cognate with Galician, Spanish, and Italian uva and Romanian auă.

grape:
any small fruit similar to a grape

(Brazil, figurative, colloquial) a good-looking thing or person


cigar

Originally a learned modification of cigarro in order to avoid the Spanish-appearing termination -arro.


currant

(hurry–furry merger, cure–fir merger) courant

Borrowed from French raisin de Corinthe (literally “grapes of Corinth, the city in Greece”). Cognate with Dutch krent. Doublet of Corinth.

bor

The fruit of various shrubs of the genus Ribes, white, black or red.


gras

is-noun

gras n (genitive singular grass, nominative plural grös)

grass (genitive singular)
grös (nominative plural)
gras (indefinite nominative singular)
grasið (definite nominative singular)
grös (indefinite nominative plural)
grösin (definite nominative plural)
gras (accusative indefinite singular)
grasið (accusative definite singular)
grös (accusative indefinite plural)
grösin (accusative definite plural)
grasi (dative indefinite singular)
grasinu (dative definite singular)
grösum (dative indefinite plural)
grösunum (dative definite plural)
grass (genitive indefinite singular)
grassins (definite genitive singular)
grasa (genitive indefinite plural)
grasanna (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse gras, from Proto-Germanic *grasą, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁- (“to grow”).


pot

Possibly a shortened form of Mexican Spanish potiguaya (“marijuana leaves”) or potaguaya (“cannabis leaves”) or potación de guaya (literally “drink of grief”), supposedly denoting a drink of wine or brandy in which marijuana buds were steeped, from pota + de + guaya (see guayar (“to lament”)).

The way we figure it, ma'am, if everybody walked around naked, smoked pot and listened to rock'n'roll, there wouldn't be any more wars!

1968 July, Shel Silverstein, “Silverstein's Hippies”, in Playboy Magazine, page 189:


loud

en-adj

loud (comparative louder, superlative loudest)

louder (comparative)
loudest (superlative)

From Middle English loude, loud, lud, from Old English hlūd (“loud, noisy, sounding, sonorous”), from Proto-West Germanic *hlūd, from Proto-Germanic *hlūdaz, *hlūþaz (“heard”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlewtos (“heard, famous”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“to hear”). More at listen.
Cognates
Akin to Scots loud, lowd (“loud”), Swedish ljud, West Frisian lûd (“loud”), Dutch luid (“loud”), Low German lud (“loud”), German laut (“loud”), Irish clú (“repute”), Welsh clywed (“heard”), clod (“praise”), Latin laudare (“praise”), Tocharian A/B klots/klautso 'ear', klyostär 'heard', Ancient Greek κλυτός (klutós, “famous”), Albanian quaj (“to name, call”), shquar (“famous, notorious”), Old Armenian լու (lu, “the act of hearing”), Old Church Slavonic слава (slava, “glory”), слово (slovo, “word”), Sanskrit श्रव (śráva, “glory”).

cog

Some of the loudest blubberers are developers who, having made enormous profits as a result of local, state, and federal subsidies, complain that government doesn't do enough for them.

1988 September 12, Ben Joravsky, “Property-tax assessments rise; north siders are revolting”, in Chicago Reader:

(of a person, event, etc.) Not subtle or reserved, brash.

(of marijuana, slang) High-quality; premium; (by extension) having a strong or pungent odour indicating good quality.


loud

en-noun

loud (countable and uncountable, plural louds)

(slang, uncountable) High-quality marijuana.


loud

From Middle English loude, from Old English hlūde (“loudly”), from Proto-Germanic *hlūda, *hlūdô (“loudly”), related to Etymology 1.

Who knocks so loud at door?

c. 1596–1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv]:

Unluckily that worthy Officer having, in a literal Sense, taken his Fill of Liquor, had been some Time retired to his Bolster, where he was snoaring so loud, that it was not easy to convey a Noise in at his Ears capable of drowning that which issued from his Nostrils.

1749, Henry Fielding, chapter 14, in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book 7, pages 71-72:

Money still talks — indeed, thanks in part to the Roberts court, it talks louder than ever. Still, ideas matter too, shaping both how we talk about society and, eventually, what we do.

2014 April 25, Paul Krugman, “The Piketty Panic”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


Prosecco

Prosecco (countable and uncountable, plural Proseccos)

From Italian Prosecco, short for (vino de) Prosecco, “(wine of) Prosecco”, near Trieste. The toponym Prosecco comes from Proto-Slavic *prosěkъ (“kind of axe; opening, cutting (in a forest)”) from the areas deforested for the cultivation of the vine.

der

‘Itʼs Prosecco, champagneʼs Italian cousin!’

2019, Candice Carty-Williams, Queenie, Trapeze, page 96:

A dry, slightly sparkling Italian white wine made from that grape.


muggle

en-noun

muggle (countable and uncountable, plural muggles)

Origin unknown; first known to have come into use in New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A., in the mid-1920s.

But there was a drug in New Orleans, although it took me over nine months to find out anything about it—a drug of a very different and insidious kind! [...] It looked like chopped hay, or dried clover, and was rolled up in a double brown cigarette paper. In short, a "muggles", "weed", or "mootie", cannabis indica, Indian hemp, or, to give it its Mexican name, marijuana, which translated into English just means Mary Jane!

1933, Cecil de Lenoir, “Way down South”, in The Hundredth Man: Confessions of a Drug Addict, London: Jarrolds […], →OCLC, page 220:

The boy said he had been in the habit of smoking something which youthful friends called "muggles," a childish name for marihuana.

1963, Howard S[aul] Becker, Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance, New York, N.Y.: Free Press of Glencoe; London: Collier-Macmillan, →OCLC, page 142:

While marijuana was still legal in New York, businessmen wanted to package Mezz [Mezzrow]'s muggle and turn it into a high-powered criminal enterprise. While tempted, Mezz rejected those efforts, as well.

2007, Ron Chepesiuk, “The White Mayor”, in Gangsters of Harlem: The Gritty Underworld of New York’s Most Famous Neighborhood, Fort Lee, N.J.: Barricade Books, →ISBN, page 62:

(uncountable, chiefly in the plural) Marijuana.


tobacco

tobacco (countable and uncountable, plural tobaccos or tobaccoes)

Attested since 1588, borrowed from Spanish tabaco. The Spanish word could be from Arabic طُبَّاق (ṭubbāq, “Dittrichia viscosa”) or from a Caribbean language such as Kari'na or Taíno or multiple of them, from a word meaning "roll of tobacco leaves" or "a pipe for smoking tobacco," such as tabago (“tube for inhaling smoke or powdered intoxicating plants”).

der

(uncountable) Any plant of the genus Nicotiana.

Tobacco-settlement bonds are a tribute both to the inventiveness of bankers and the childlike impatience of politicians.

2013 September 7, “Unlucky strike”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8852:

Nicotiana tabacum
Nicotiana tabacum#Translingual

(uncountable) Leaves of Nicotiana tabacum and some other species cultivated and harvested to make cigarettes, cigars, snuff, for smoking in pipes or for chewing.

tabak

leaves of certain varieties of tobacco plant


tea

Semantic loan from Chinese 茶 (chá, “tea”).

sl

A moment, a historical unit of time from China, about the amount of time needed to quickly drink a traditional cup of tea. It is now found in Chinese-language historical fiction.


vinum

la-noun

vīnum n (genitive vīnī); second declension

vīnum (canonical neuter)
vīnī (genitive)
vīnum (nominative singular)
vīna (nominative plural)
vīnī (genitive singular)
vīnōrum (genitive plural)
vīnō (dative singular)
vīnīs (dative plural)
vīnum (accusative singular)
vīna (accusative plural)
vīnō (ablative singular)
vīnīs (ablative plural)
vīnum (singular vocative)
vīna (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: yin, yinu

Istro-Romanian: vir

Megleno-Romanian: vin

Romanian: vin

Dalmatian:

vain

North Italian:

Friulian: vin

Istriot: veîn, vèin

Ladin: vin

Ligurian: vin

Lombard: vin

Piedmontese: vin

Romagnol: vẽn, vèin, vòin

Romansch: vin, vegn

Venetan: vin

Italo-Romance:

desctree

Italian: vino
→ English: vino
→ Sidamo: viino

Neapolitan: vino

Sicilian: vinu

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: vin

Old French: vin (see there for further descendants)

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: vi

Occitan: vin

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: vino

Old Leonese:

Asturian: vinu

Extremaduran: vinu

Leonese: vinu

Mirandese: bino

Old Galician-Portuguese: vinho, vỹo, vinno, viño
Fala: viñu
Galician: viño, vinho (reintegrationist), vĩo (Ancarese)
Portuguese: vinho (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: vino

Ladino: vino

Spanish: vino (see there for further descendants)

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: binu

Borrowings:

→ Proto-Celtic: *wīnom (see there for further descendants)

→ Etruscan: 𐌅𐌉𐌍𐌖𐌌 (vinum)

→ Proto-Germanic: *wīną (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-Slavic: *vino (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Italic *wīnom, from Proto-Indo-European *wóyh₁nom.


method

en-noun

method (countable and uncountable, plural methods)

From Middle French methode, from Latin methodus, from Ancient Greek μέθοδος (méthodos).

mètode

(programming) subroutine or function in object-oriented languages

my very easy method just speeds up naming planets


herb

herb (countable and uncountable, plural herbs)

From Middle English herbe, erbe, from Old French erbe (French herbe), from Latin herba. Initial h was restored to the spelling in the 15th century on the basis of Latin, but it remained mute until the 19th century and still is for many speakers. Doublet of yerba.

You think he's got any herb?

1995, Harmony Korine, Kids, spoken by Casper:


タバコ

タバコ (canonical)
たばこ (canonical)
tabako (romanization)

→ Early Modern Korean: 담파고 (tamphakwo)

→ Ainu: タンパク (tampaku)

ja:たばこ ja:タバコ


煙草

/jɛn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰau⁵³/

/iɛn³³ t͡sʰau⁵⁵⁴/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰau⁵³/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰau⁵³/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰau⁴¹/

/i⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔ²¹/

/jɛn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰau⁵³/

/iɛn³³ t͡sʰau⁵⁵⁴/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰau⁵³/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰau⁵³/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰau⁴¹/

/i⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔ²¹/

煙草製品

烟草制品


煙草

煙草 (canonical)
ensō (romanization)
ensau (romanization)
えんさう (hiragana historical)


雪茄

/ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/syːt̚³ kʰaː⁵⁵/

/ɕiɪʔ³³ ɡa⁴⁴/

/ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/syːt̚³ kʰaː⁵⁵/

/ɕiɪʔ³³ ɡa⁴⁴/

Borrowed from English cigar via a Southern variety of Chinese.
Folk etymology commonly describes poet Xu Zhimo (1897–1931) as coining this translation in 1924, in a casual conversation with Rabindranath Tagore, on the grounds that the cigar is similar to lotus stem (茄) and the ash is similar to snow (雪). However, this term had already been used in 《出使英法義比四國日記續》, a late 19ᵗʰ century text, and Officialdom Unmasked, a 1903 novel.

lang

《出使英法義比四國日記續》

《出使英法義比四國日記續》

Officialdom Unmasked
Rabindranath Tagore
Xu Zhimo


hooter

Suddenly, far down and beyond the toun there came a screech as the morning grew, a screech like an hungered beast in pain. The hooters were blowing in the Segget Mills.

1933, Lewis Grassic Gibbon, Cloud Howe, page 34:

When the right-away was given, Driver Gibson would give a sonorous blast on Cardean's deep-toned hooter, and amid a flurry of swirling steam the train would move majestically out, with nearly half the city of Carlisle—or so it would appear—as onlookers on the platform.

1945 May and June, Cecil J. Allen, “British Locomotive Practice and Performance”, in Railway Magazine, page 152:

A chime whistle, presented to the L.M.S.R. by American model railway enthusiasts in 1939, is installed now as a works hooter at Crewe Works, as its height precludes its use on a British locomotive.

1946 September and October, “Notes and News: Locomotive Whistle Gift”, in Railway Magazine, page 322:

(British) A siren or steam whistle, especially one in a factory and used to indicate the beginning or the end of a working day or shift.

G.G. understood that I meant the licence, and said he didn't care a hooter about failing his driving test.

1969, Jerzy Peterkiewicz, Green Flows the Bile, page 25:

(dated) The tiniest amount; a whit or jot.


cul

Inherited from Middle French cul, from Old French cul, from Latin cūlus, from Proto-Indo-European *kuH-l-, zero-grade without s-mobile form of *(s)kewH- (“to cover”).

le beurre, l’argent du beurre et le cul de la crémière

Ils ont du cul.

(informal, France) good luck or good fortune


pothead

From pot (“marijuana”) + -head. First sense appears c. 1957 in the writings of Jack Gelber. Third sense appears c. 1639.

That pothead Shane has a nasty bong.

With the exception of college campuses — where I suspect you’ll be able to find Bob Marley posters for as long as dorms exist — it feels as if the old stoner subculture, the classic pothead aesthetic, has been almost eliminated from mainstream consciousness.

2024 October 1, Erin Somers, “Cannabis Has Become Upscale Chic. I Miss the Old Red-Eyed Stoners.”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC:

(slang, derogatory) A person who smokes cannabis frequently, or to excess.


chewing

en-noun

chewing (countable and uncountable, plural chewings)

From Middle English chewyng, chewynge, from Old English ċīwung, ċȳwung, ċēowung (“chewing”), equivalent to chew + -ing.

(drugs) The consumption of loose leaf tobacco juice from tobacco plants by chewing leaves near the cheek.


chronic

en-adj

chronic (comparative more chronic, superlative most chronic)

more chronic (comparative)
most chronic (superlative)

acute

antonym(s) of “prolonged or slow to heal”

From chronical, from Old French cronike, from Latin chronicus, from Ancient Greek χρονικός (khronikós, “of time”), from χρόνος (khrónos, “time”).

der

chronic unemployment; chronic poverty; chronic anger; chronic life

Peer group support is important to displaced homemakers. The Displaced Homemakers' Network has done excellent work in helping women see that their problems do not have to be chronic.

1980, Ruth Harriet Jacobs, Integrating Displaced Homemakers into the Economy, page 14:

It was a casual sneer, obviously one of a long line. There was hatred behind it, but of a quiet, chronic type, nothing new or unduly virulent, and he was taken aback by the flicker of amazed incredulity that passed over the younger man's ravaged face.

1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 8, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

Chronic mismanagement in the dugout and in the boardroom has meant the scale of the job now is as big as it has ever been.

2018 May 4, Tom English, “Steven Gerrard: A 'seriously clever or recklessly stupid' Rangers appointment”, in BBC Sport:

Of a problem, that continues over an extended period of time.

عَوِيص

Chronic patients must learn to live with their condition.

Of a person, suffering from an affliction that is prolonged or slow to heal.


chronic

en-noun

chronic (countable and uncountable, plural chronics)

Pimp had been kicking it with one of the young jawns hanging around the apartment. She was real young and had bumpy skin and slum rings on every finger. She told us she was living next door with her grandmother while her mother was in jail, and she took us up to the roof to smoke some chronic.

2006, Noire [pseudonym], Thug-A-Licious: An Urban Erotic Tale, New York, N.Y.: One World, Ballantine Books, →ISBN, page 103:

(slang) Marijuana, typically of high quality.


dope

dope (countable and uncountable, plural dopes)

From Dutch doop (“thick dipping sauce”), from Dutch dopen (“to dip”), from Middle Dutch dopen, from Old Dutch *dōpen, from Frankish *daupijan, from Proto-Germanic *daupijaną.
“Doop” in the sense “narcotic drug” ultimately refers to viscous opium juice, the drug of choice of the ancient Greeks; “insider information” perhaps from knowing which horse had been doped in a race. Sense of "stupid person" perhaps following from the drug sense (i.e. relating to those intoxicated on opium), compare dope up. Related to English dip and German taufen.

смазка

viscous liquid used to prepare a surface

If you are at all bright, don't be a grind. Grinding may make a second-hand genius of you (for all the real things are dead), and if you become a genius you will be sure to smoke dope or swallow laudanum. They all did it.

1900, “Gifford Arthur Nelson”, in The Naughty-Naughtian, page 118:

But she went her way. Not until she accompanied a girl to an opium joint to discover whether dope had the merits claimed for it as a deadener of pain and a producer of happiness—not until then did Freddie come in person.

a. 1911, David Graham Phillips, Susan Lenox: Her Fall and Rise:

Here's a cure for all your troubles / Here's an end to all distress / It's the old dope peddler / With his powdered happiness

1953, Tom Lehrer, “The Old Dope Peddler”, in Songs by Tom Lehrer, Pantheon, published 1981, page 18:

We watched as he got his works and squirted water out first, then stuck the tip of the needle into the dope and sucked it up before finding a vein and sticking it into his arm.

2006, Noire [pseudonym], Thug-A-Licious: An Urban Erotic Tale, New York, N.Y.: One World, Ballantine Books, →ISBN, page 50:

(uncountable, slang) Any of various recreational substances:

Any of various recreational substances:
An opiate, now particularly heroin.

(Senator): Well good! Good! This is a fine batch of corn you have!
(Farmer): 'Taint corn. It's dope.

1981 September 26, Berkeley Breathed, Bloom County (comic):

Some people say that dope kills brain cells, but I can't figure out how they found that out. I mean, how do you tell if a brain cell is dead and how do you tell what killed it? I've probably wasted a lot more brain cells through booze than through dope.

1983 March 28, “Smokin'”, in The Breeze, James Madison University, Readers' Forum, page 19:

She had gotten pregnant while stoned, had undoubtedly decided to marry Roger Finney while stoned, and Peter knew for a fact that she had left Reed (carrying a one-point-forget-it grade average) because there was too much dope floating around and she just couldn’t say no to it.

At a suburban station, there were kids hanging around smoking dope, as ticketless entry through the exit doors is easy for them.

2024 May 29, Christian Wolmar, “The good and bad sides of the Parisian Metro”, in RAIL, number 1010, page 44:

Any of various recreational substances:
Marijuana.

(Appalachia) A soft drink. Otherwise known as soda or pop.


baccy

baccy (usually uncountable, plural baccies)

To the "Nut" then, with its dirty little smoking-room, clouded with fumes arising from baccies of every description; curling upwards from the short black Irish clay bowl, full of strong ship's baccy, as well as from the best of Havannahs […]

1882, Chums: A Tale of the Queen's Navy, volume 1, page 200:

No one ever see him down on his luck till this cussed fever took him, Our rations was often short, but it was share and share alike down to the last pipe o' baccy.

1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 168:

"I'll prove I can see you. You've got a pipe in your mouth." ¶ "Anyone that knows the smell of baccy could tell that," said Diggle.

1956, C. S. Lewis, chapter 13, in The Last Battle, Collins, published 1998:


jazz

jazzowy (adjective)
jazz (nominative singular)
jazzu (genitive singular)
jazzowi (dative singular)
jazz (accusative singular)
jazzem (instrumental singular)
jazzie (locative singular)
jazzie (singular vocative)

Śmiech, relaks i spokój w każdym machu / rozpoznam kozaka po wyglądzie i zapachu / śpię po tym jak dziecko i śmieje się do łez / mniej szkodliwe to niż wóda, zalegalizujcie jazz!

2011, Firma, (lyrics and music), “JaraMy” (track 20), in Nasza broń to nasza pasja, performed by Firma:

Laughter, relaxation, and peace with every toke / I can tell a badass by the way he looks / it makes me sleep like a baby and I laugh til I cry / it's less harmful than vodka, legalize hash!


fatty

en-adj

fatty (comparative fattier, superlative fattiest)

fattier (comparative)
fattiest (superlative)

From Middle English fatty, equivalent to fat + -y. Cognate with Saterland Frisian fattig (“fatty”), Dutch vettig (“fatty, greasy”), German Low German fettig (“fatty”), German fettig (“fatty”).

fatty tissues

fatty meats

Then in the case of excisions you have all kinds of secondary changes, pigmentary disturbances, modifications of the passions, alterations in the secretion of fatty tissue.

1896, H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, “Chapter 14”, in The Island of Doctor Moreau (Heinemann’s Colonial Library of Popular Fiction; 52), London: William Heinemann, →OCLC; republished as The Island of Doctor Moreau: A Possibility, New York, N.Y.: Stone & Kimball, 1896, →OCLC:

Containing, composed of, or consisting of fat.

fatty liver

fatty pancreas

That means eating fruits and vegetables and cutting back on fatty foods.

2002, George W. Bush, Presidential Radio Address - June 22:

As we age, the major arteries of our bodies frequently become thickened with plaque, a fatty material with an oatmeal-like consistency that builds up along the inner lining of blood vessels.

2013 July-August, Stephen P. Lownie, David M. Pelz, “Stents to Prevent Stroke”, in American Scientist:

Sometimes, especially, containing excess fat.


fatty

We went to Plaster Creek, smoked a fattie, and emerged doing somersaults and cartwheels and laughing.

2004, Anthony Kiedis, Larry Sloman, Scar Tissue:

(slang) A large marijuana cigar; a blunt.


Wein

de-noun

Wein m (strong, genitive Weines or Weins, plural Weine)

Weines (genitive)
Weins (genitive)
Weine (plural)
Wein (nominative singular)
Weine (definite nominative plural)
Weines (genitive singular)
Weins (genitive singular)
Weine (definite genitive plural)
Wein (dative singular)
Weine (dative singular)
Weinen (dative definite plural)
Wein (accusative singular)
Weine (accusative definite plural)

→ Estonian: vein

From Middle High German wīn, from Old High German wīn, from Proto-West Germanic *wīn.


vineyard

Equivalent to vine + yard; from Middle English vyneȝerd (circa 1300), following earlier Old English wīnġeard (“wine yard, vine yard”), with vine (from Old French vigne (“vine, vineyard”), from Latin vīnea) replacing native Old English wīn (“wine, vine”). The earlier wīnġeard may have had the sense of “vine” already, with /w/ → /v/ facilitated by common v-/w- interchange. Compare Dutch wijngaard (literally “wine garden”) and German Weingarten alongside contracted Wingert. (Dutch gaard, German Garten are cognate to English yard.)

cog

The vineyard of Château Margaux stands as the producer of one of the world's greatest and most sought-after red wines.

A grape plantation, especially one used in the production of wine.


shatter

en-noun

shatter (countable and uncountable, plural shatters)

From Middle English schateren (“to scatter, dash”), an assibilated form of Middle English scateren ("to scatter"; see scatter), from Old English scaterian, from Proto-Germanic *skat- (“to smash, scatter”), perhaps ultimately imitative. Cognate with Dutch schateren (“to burst out laughing”), Low German schateren, Albanian shkatërroj (“to destroy, devastate”). Doublet of scatter.

onomatopoeic

imitative

cog

(uncountable, slang) A form of concentrated cannabis.


grapevine

Although many grape vines have geographical names, those rarely reflect their real origin, if known at all.

The plant, a vine of genus Vitis, on which grapes grow.

A dance figure in partner dancing that includes sidesteps and steps across the support foot. See Grapevine (dance move).


grapevine

en-verb

grapevine (third-person singular simple present grapevines, present participle grapevining, simple past and past participle grapevined)

grapevines (present singular third-person)
grapevining (participle present)
grapevined (participle past)
grapevined (past)

Up on the stage, the dancers twirled and whirled in time to the music and then grapevined across the broad expanse and exited stage left.

2013, S.C. Rackes, Cast a Dark Shadow, page 25:

The underwear-baker grapevined down the length of the display and grabbed a to-go box from the stack on top of it.

When the room grapevined left, I grapevined right, causing a head-on collision with the lady next to me.

2023, Betsy Schow, Finished Being Fat: An Accidental Adventure in Losing Weight:

To move one's body in a smooth undulating wave while stepping in the direction the wave is moving.


zombie

First attested in 1871.
From a Bantu language. Compare Kongo nzambi (“god”), zumbi (“fetish”), and Kimbundu nzumbi (“ghost”) (see Portuguese zumbi), and Caribbean folklore's jumbee (“a spirit or demon”).
Origin from Spanish sombra (“shadow, phantom”) has also been suggested.
May have come through Louisiana Creole [Term?]. See also French zombi (1832).

Traveling in a fried-out Kombi / On a hippie trail, head full of zombie

1980, Colin Hay, Ron Strykert (lyrics and music), “Down Under”, performed by Men at Work:

(Australia, slang) Marijuana, or similar drugs.


vine

From Middle English vīne, from Anglo-Norman vigne, from Vulgar Latin vīnia, from Latin vīnea (“vines in a vineyard”), from vīneus (“related to wine”), from vīnum (“wine”), from Proto-Italic *wīnom, from Proto-Indo-European *wóyh₁nom (“vine, wine”), from *weh₁y- (“to twist, wrap”). Doublet of wine.

ivy vine

Ampelopsis cordata; Parthenocissus quinquefolia


toke

Presumably from Spanish tocar (“touch”). Noun sense 1968, verb 1952.

The artist took a thoughtful toke off the joint, then passed it along.

Back on the wards a big toke of O₂ might have done the job; it was God's own pick-me-up.

(slang, by extension) An inhalation or lungful of anything.


toke

en-verb

toke (third-person singular simple present tokes, present participle toking, simple past and past participle toked)

tokes (present singular third-person)
toking (participle present)
toked (participle past)
toked (past)

Let's roll up a doobie and toke.

This keeps Doc’s workload relatively light, freeing him to stay stoned around the clock and live in the now, which isn’t hard for him, because he’s toked away his short-term memory.

2009 August 23, Walter Kirn, “Drugs to Do, Cases to Solve”, in New York Times:


aciniform

en-adj

aciniform (comparative more aciniform, superlative most aciniform)

more aciniform (comparative)
most aciniform (superlative)

Latin acinus (“grape, grapestone”) + -form. Compare French aciniforme.


bud

en-noun

bud (countable and uncountable, plural buds)

From Middle English budde (“bud, seed pod”), from Proto-Germanic *buddǭ (compare Dutch bot (“bud”), German Hagebutte (“hip, rosehip”), regional German Butzen (“seed pod”), Swedish dialect bodd (“head”)), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bʰew-, *bu- (“to swell”).

Hey bro, want to smoke some bud?

(usually uncountable, slang) Potent cannabis taken from the flowering part of the plant (the "bud"), or marijuana generally.

(US, Canada, Australia, slang, uncountable) Marijuana.


cannabis

cannabis (countable and uncountable, plural cannabises)

→ Irish: cannabas

→ Welsh: canabis

Borrowed from Latin cannabis (“hemp”), from Ancient Greek κάνναβις (kánnabis). See there for more. Doublet of canvas and hemp.

Cannabis sativa
Cannabis sativa#Translingual

A tall annual dioecious plant (Cannabis, especially Cannabis sativa), native to central Asia and having alternate, palmately divided leaves and tough bast fibers.


bong

(ethnic slur) An Australian Aboriginal person.


joint

The noun is from Middle English joynt (attested since the late 13th century), from Old French joint (“joint of the body”) (attested since the 12th century). The adjective (attested since the 15th century) is from Old French jointiz. Both Old French words are from Latin iūnctus, the past participle of iungō. See also join, jugular.
The meaning of "building, establishment", especially in connection with shady activities, appeared in Anglo-Irish by 1821 and entered general American English slang by 1877, especially in the sense of "opium den". The sense "marijuana cigarette" is attested since 1935. The development to meaning "any thing" also happened to the Scots and Memphian form junt and the Mid-Atlantic/Philadelphian form jawn.

verbinding

point of a rigid joint, means of joining in carpentry

en:place of business or human activity
en:opium den

(chiefly US slang, may be somewhat derogatory) A place of business, particularly in the food service or hospitality industries; sometimes extended to any place that is a focus of human connection or activity (e.g., schools, hangouts, party spots).


joint

joint (nominative singular)
jointy (nominative plural)
jointa (genitive singular)
jointów (genitive plural)
jointowi (dative singular)
jointom (dative plural)
joint (accusative singular)
jointa (accusative singular)
jointy (accusative plural)
jointem (instrumental singular)
jointami (instrumental plural)
joincie (locative singular)
jointach (locative plural)
joincie (singular vocative)
jointy (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English joint, from Middle English joynt, from Old French joint.


marijuana

marijuana (usually uncountable, plural marijuanas)

→ Italian: marijuana

/ˌmɛɹɪˈwɑ.nə/

/ˌmæɹɪˈwɑː.nə/

Borrowed from Mexican Spanish marihuana, from mariguana. First attested in 1874 in the publications of Hubert Howe Bancroft. Altered by influence of a folk etymology involving the proper name María Juana (“Mary Jane”).

After smoking a bowl of that fine marijuana, they ate some brownies.

You could smell tea, weed, I mean marijuana, floating in the air, together with the chili beans and beer.

1957, Jack Kerouac, chapter 13, in On the Road, Viking Press, →OCLC, part 1:

Exactly. Marijuana is something we just all gradually decided is okay, like Mark Wahlberg as a serious actor. “You know what? Sure, I’ve decided I’m fine with that.”

2017 April 2, “Marijuana”, in Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, season 4, episode 7, John Oliver (actor), via HBO:

The inflorescence of the Cannabis sativa plant, smoked or ingested for euphoric effect.


concord

concord (countable and uncountable, plural concords)

From French concorde, Latin concordia, from concors (“of the same mind, agreeing”); con- + cor, cordis (“heart”). See heart, and compare accord.

(grammar) Agreement of words with one another, in gender, number, person, or case.

The concord or agreement may be made of an estate and fee-simple, fee-tail, or life or for years; it may be also of divers remainders, and that to them that are no parties but strangers to the fine; it may be also single or double, with a render back again of some estate of the same land or some rent out of it; so a concord may have in it reservation of rent, a clause of distress or nomine poenae and a warranty.

1792, Edward Wood, John Joseph Powell, A Complete Body of Conveyancing: In Theory and Practice, page 548:

And in all these, and such like cases, as before, where the concord is not formal, the judges ought not to receive the fine nor suffer it to pass; but if they do, and the fine be finished, it cannot afterwards be avoided by writ of error, or otherwise, for these faults.

1808, William Sheppard, The Touchstone of Common Assurances:

This concord was the foundation or substance of the fine; being, in form and in fact, the grant or conveyance intended to be given, and was acknowledged either openly in court, or before one of the judges, or before two or more commissioners empowered by a special authority. With this acknowledgment, all the essential parts of the fine were completed.

1850, Alexander Mansfield Burrill, A New Law Dictionary and Glossary, page 492:

The foot of a fine was a copy of an agreement ( the final concord ) reached in a court of law, usually the Court of Common Pleas, following a dispute over land ownership.

1994, The Local Historian - Volumes 24-25, page 66:

(law, obsolete) An agreement between the parties to a fine of land in reference to the manner in which it should pass, being an acknowledgment that the land in question belonged to the complainant. See fine.


concord

After Concord, Massachusetts, where the variety was developed.

A variety of sweet American grape, with large dark blue (almost black) grapes in compact clusters; a Concord grape.


blunt

From Middle English blunt, blont, from Old English *blunt (attested in the derivative Blunta (male personal name) (> English surnames Blunt, Blount)), probably of North Germanic origin, possibly related to Old Norse blunda (“to doze”) (> Icelandic blunda, Swedish blunda, Danish blunde).


blunt

blunt (nominative singular)
blunty (nominative plural)
blunta (genitive singular)
bluntów (genitive plural)
bluntowi (dative singular)
bluntom (dative plural)
blunta (accusative singular)
blunty (accusative plural)
bluntem (instrumental singular)
bluntami (instrumental plural)
bluncie (locative singular)
bluntach (locative plural)
bluncie (singular vocative)
blunty (plural vocative)


burley

en-noun

burley (countable and uncountable, plural burleys)

Unknown. Compare the personal name Burley.

The price received by farmers at the auctions for burley has decreased, other conditions being about average, around 1.45 cents for each 10-million-pound increase in the production of burley

1952, Glenn Leroy Johnson, Burley Tobacco Control Programs, page 59:

(US) A tobacco grown mainly in Kentucky, used in making cigarettes.

Fish will swim up your burley trail looking for the source which should be where your baits are placed, instead of dumping a heap of burley at once where the fish will feed on it quickly and move on.

2018, Jacks Boric, “Fishing with Burley”, in Shimano Fishing Oceania:

(Australia) Blood and offal used by fishermen to attract fish.


chaw

chaw (countable and uncountable, plural chaws)

From Middle English chawen, an unexplained variation of chewen (“to chew”). See chew for more. Cognate with Middle Dutch cauwen ("to chew"; whence Dutch kauwen), obsolete Dutch kauw (“the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco”), Middle Low German kauwen, kauen (“to chew”). Compare also Old English ġecow (“that which is chewed, food”) and *ġeċēow (“chewing”), whence Middle English icheu (“gnawing, biting”).

gl

"to chew"; whence Dutch <i class="Latn mention" lang="nl">kauwen</i>

cog

When the doctor told him to quit smoking, Harvey switched to chaw, but then developed cancer of the mouth.

"YOU give him a chaw, did you? So did your sister's cat's grandmother. You pay me back the chaws you've awready borry'd off'n me, Lafe Buckner, then I'll loan you one or two ton of it, and won't charge you no back intrust, nuther."

1889, Mark Twain, chapter 21, in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn:

He […] went into the store and behind the counter and reached up and got the plug of chewing tobacco and unwrapped it and bit off a chaw.

(Appalachia, informal, uncountable) Chewing tobacco.


hogger

(curling) A shot that comes to rest short of or on the far hog line and is removed from play.


boo

Of unknown origin. First appears c. 1959 in Esquire Magazine.

[…] sexually promiscuous girl who smoked boo all day and socialized with junkies when she wasn't busy banging away in bed […]

1967, George E. Andrews, Simon Vinkenoog, The Book of Grass: An Anthology on Indian Hemp, page 213:

Like I have smoked boo, drunk whiskey, and shot dope, and I was going through all three bags at once.

1984, Raphael S. Ezekiel, Voices from the corner: poverty and racism in the inner city, page 56:

Grandpa doesn't want Grandma and their kids and grandkids to know that he had to get penicillin shots all the time, or that he smoked boo (marijuana) on a daily basis, or that he dealt in the black market, or that he had yobos (purchased live-in sex slaves).

2019, Ron Cook, On Guard in the General's Chorus, page 2:


puro

→ English: puro

→ Greek: πούρο (poúro)

→ Turkish: puro

Inherited from Old Spanish puro, from Latin pūrus. In the noun sense short for cigarro puro, a product to be smoked that is made – unlike the cigarette – of “tabaco puro, sin papel” (pure tobacco, without paper). Note that in Spanish the unqualified term cigarro can also refer to a cigarette.


rondo

en-noun

rondo (countable and uncountable, plural rondos)

Borrowed from Italian rondo, from French rondeau. Doublet of rondeau.

(music, countable) A musical composition, commonly of a lively, cheerful character, in which the first strain recurs after each of the other strains.

Vitis vinifera
Vitis vinifera#Translingual

(countable) A dark-skinned grape, a hybrid of Vitis vinifera with Vitis amurensis and others.

And four years after Pep from Catalonia first clapped eyes on Phil from Stockport across a crowded rondo, here finally was the consummation.

2020 August 7, Jonathan Liew, “Phil Foden stars to offer Manchester City glimpse of multiple futures”, in The Guardian:

(soccer) A game resembling keep-away, used to train soccer players: one group is tasked with completing a number of passes while the other smaller group tries to take possession of the ball.

(obsolete, uncountable) A gambling game played with small balls on a table.


wino

pl-noun

wino n (diminutive winko, augmentative wińsko)

winko (diminutive)
wińsko (augmentative)
wino (nominative singular)
wina (nominative plural)
wina (genitive singular)
win (genitive plural)
winu (dative singular)
winom (dative plural)
wino (accusative singular)
wina (accusative plural)
winem (instrumental singular)
winami (instrumental plural)
winie (locative singular)
winach (locative plural)
wino (singular vocative)
wina (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish wino, from Proto-Slavic *vino.

wino słodkie

wino półsłodkie

wino półwytrawne

wino wytrawne

wino białe

wino czerwone

wino różowe


reefer

en-noun

reefer (countable and uncountable, plural reefers)

Uncertain. Perhaps from Mexican Spanish grifa (“cannabis”) or Central American Spanish grifo (“someone who smokes cannabis”).

Daddy I don't want to go to school because the teacher's a jerk, he must think I'm a fool and all the kids smoke reefer, I think it'd be cheaper if I just got a job learned to be a street sweeper.

1982, Edward G. Fletcher, Melle Mel (lyrics and music), “The Message”, in The Message, performed by Grandmaster Flash:

As time went on and I smoked more reefer, I began to spend more time with other dope smokers, reminiscing on how good the sixties were, rather than actually participating in the current political movements.

1984 April 7, N.B., “Chemical Dependency in the Gay Community”, in Gay Community News, page 5:


vie

ro-verb

a vie (third-person singular present vie, past participle vis) 3rd conjugation

a vie 3rd conjugation (canonical)
vie (present singular third-person)
vis (participle past)
a vie (infinitive)
viind (gerund)
vis (participle past)
viu (first-person indicative present singular)
vii (indicative present second-person singular)
vie (indicative present singular third-person)
viem (first-person indicative plural present)
vieți (indicative plural present second-person)
viu (indicative plural present third-person)
viam (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
viai (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
viea (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
viam (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
viați (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
viau (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
vsei (first-person indicative perfect singular)
vseși (indicative perfect second-person singular)
visese (indicative perfect singular third-person)
virăm (first-person indicative perfect plural)
vserăți (indicative perfect plural second-person)
vseră (indicative perfect plural third-person)
visem (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
vseseși (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
vsese (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
vseserăm (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
vseserăți (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
vseseră (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
să viu (first-person present singular subjunctive)
să vii (present second-person singular subjunctive)
să vie (present singular subjunctive third-person)
să viem (first-person plural present subjunctive)
să vieți (plural present second-person subjunctive)
să vie (plural present subjunctive third-person)
vii (imperative second-person singular)
vieți (imperative plural second-person)
nu vie (imperative negative second-person singular)
nu vieți (imperative negative plural second-person)

Inherited from Latin vīvere, from Proto-Italic *gʷīwō, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷíh₃weti (“to live, be alive”).

inh

(rare, dated) to have life; to live, exist


weed

en-noun

weed (countable and uncountable, plural weeds)

From Middle English weed, weod, from Old English wēod (“weed”), from Proto-West Germanic *weud (“weed”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Jood (“weed”), West Frisian wjûd (“weed”), Dutch wied (“unwanted plant, weed”), German Low German Weed (“weed”), Old High German wiota (“fern”). See also woad.

And I predict you will laugh harder than ever. I’m not saying I’m any funnier. I’m saying weed is now legal in D.C.

2015 March 14, Barack Obama, Remarks by the President at the 2015 Gridiron Dinner:

A drug or the like made from the leaves of a plant.


raisin

en-verb

raisin (third-person singular simple present raisins, present participle raisining, simple past and past participle raisined)

raisins (present singular third-person)
raisining (participle present)
raisined (participle past)
raisined (past)

From Middle English raysyn, borrowed from Anglo-Norman reysin (“grape, raisin”), from Late Latin racīmus, from Latin racēmus. Possibly a distant cognate of Persian رز (raz, “vine”). Doublet of raceme.

Second-crop fruit tends to show smaller clusters than first-crop, to have a high skin-to-juice ratio, and to be a good blending tool, according to Iantosca, although care must be exercised to ensure that the second-crop berries have not raisined.

2008, John Winthrop Haeger, Pacific Pinot Noir:

The ultraripe grapes are usually dried in the sun for a few days so they can raisin and their sugars can be concentrated before they are crushed and pressed.

2010, Michael Gibson, The Sommelier Prep Course, page 214:

Too much water and the taste would be too thin. Too little and the grapes would raisin.

2019, Sinclair Jayne, A Bride for the Texas Cowboy:

(intransitive) Of fruit: to dry out; to become like raisins.

We must have put down about thirty quart bottles, richly raisined and tightly corked.

2005, Alan King, Matzo Balls for Breakfast, page 183:

The 12-year-old Redbreast is the most easily found and shows single pot still at its most defiant: oily and rich with stewed plums, light leather, creme caramel and a dense, raisined palate where the tongue tries to cleave through the white peaches.

Another liquid—perhaps honey, a berry juice, a raisined or herbal wine—could be poured into the large opening and automatically fed into the interior of the vessel.

2019, Patrick E. McGovern, Ancient Wine: The Search for the Origins of Viniculture, page 177:

(transitive) To flavor (an alcoholic beverage) with fruit that has raisined.

She was a bony woman with hollow cheeks, her skin raisined by years of hard labor in the sun.

2012, Anuradha Roy, The Folded Earth, page 18:

Before him, a stoic mother, hands raisined from the scrubbing of clothing and children.

2016, Daniel Kraus, The Death and Life of Zebulon Finch, Volume Two: Empire Decayed, page 67:

As her fingers became raisined by the soap suds, she wondered what Eliza was up to.

2019, A. S. Kingly, If Stilettos Could Speak:

We soaked together in long baths until we raisined, skin pressed to skin .

She remained under the spray until the hot water heater ran out and her skin raisined.

He can barely imagine it, but years and years from now, the day will come when his skin will have raisined, and even something as simple as sweeping the floor will no longer be easy.

2023, Karin Lin-Greenberg, You Are Here:

(intransitive) To form wrinkles; to become wrinkled.


raisin

Inherited from Old French raisin, from Late Latin racīmus, from Latin racēmus. Doublet of racème, a borrowing.


raisin

fro-noun

raisin oblique singular, m (oblique plural raisins, nominative singular raisins, nominative plural raisin)

raisin oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
raisins (oblique plural)
raisins (nominative singular)
raisin (nominative plural)

French: raisin

Norman: raisin, rouaisin

desc

Picard: rosin, reusin, rojin, roisin, rouaisin

Walloon: reujin, rouaijin, roijin

→ Middle Dutch: rosine

Dutch: rozijn

→ Middle High German: rosīn

desctree

German: Rosine
→ Polish: rodzynka
→ Kashubian: rozina
→ Czech: rozinka, ⇒ hrozinka (contaminated with hrozen)
⇒ Slovak: hrozienko (contaminated with hrozno)

→ Middle Low German: rosīne

→ Danish: rosin

→ Middle English: raysyn, raycin, reyson, reysyn, rasyn, rayson, resyn, reyseyn, raysing, racine, resonne, reysynge
English: raisin
→ Japanese: レーズン (rēzun)
Scots: raisin, reasin

→ Middle Irish: [Term?]

Irish: rísín

→ Middle Welsh: [Term?]

Welsh: rhesin

→? Old Norse: rúsína

Icelandic: rúsína

Swedish: russin

→ Finnish: rusina

→ Sicilian: racina

From Late Latin racīmus, from Latin racēmus.


spiff

en-adj

spiff (comparative more spiff, superlative most spiff)

more spiff (comparative)
most spiff (superlative)

Unknown. See etymology discussion at spiffy.

“Hah spiff he is to dāay!—he mud be bown tul a wedding!”
“He’s spiff eniff for’t!”

[1862, C. Clough Robinson, The Dialect of Leeds and Its Neighborhood, page 418:

Thah is spiff i’ thy new coit.

[1865, William Stott Banks, A List of Provincial Words in Use at Wakefield in Yorkshire, page 67:

(archaic or regional, Yorkshire) Neat, smartly dressed, attractive.


stoner

From Middle English stoner, stonere, stonare, staner, equivalent to stone + -er (agent noun suffix) or -er (measurement suffix).

"You're useless when you're high on catnip, you know that?" "Mewww mew?" "No I will NOT put on Dark Side of the Moon and the Wizard of Oz for you. Goddamned stoner cat."

2006, Jeph Jacques, Questionable Content (webcomic), Number 538: Also Some Nachos Please:


zibibbo

a variety of Muscat grape from Southern Italy


spliff

From Jamaican Creole, possibly a blend of split, referring to the ready-made wrap + whiff, referring to the smell of the smoke.

smoke a spliff

Pablo switched off the wipers and struck a match to light the spliff he had just finished building.

1992, Victor Headley, Yardie, New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, published 1993, page 167:

Danny takes another toke on the spliff and then passes it over to Griff, who accepts it and draws deep on it and then points with the lit end across the room at Gwenno like some strange weatherman indicating a pocket of high pressure.

2001, Niall Griffiths, Sheepshagger, New York: Thomas Dunne, published 2002, page 104:

“Well, well, well,” Ma Taffy says, sitting back and returning the spliff to her mouth. She exhales a cloud of ganja that envelops herself and the boy.

2016, Kei Miller, “Chapter 1”, in Augustown, New York: Pantheon, pages 14–15:

(slang, UK, Ireland, Commonwealth, Jamaica) A cannabis cigarette.


munchies

en-noun

munchies pl (normally plural, singular munchie or munchy)

We were given the first name of the host, the address of the apartment and told to bring whatever toys we wanted. Beer and munchies would be on hand.

1988 May 7, Christopher Wittke, “It Takes Two To Tango”, in Gay Community News, page 8:

(slang) Food, especially convenience snack foods.

I've got the munchies.

I got the munchies, we got the Mary Jane in the Dungeon / Just to let you niggas know in '93, that's how we coming

1993, “Player’s Ball”, performed by OutKast:

The girl, who has not been publicly identified, sold more than 300 boxes in six hours, her father told ABC 10. Boxes now sell for as much as $5 in parts of the country, so she probably raised more than $1,500. Yes, there’s money in the munchies.

2018 February 8, Daniel Victor, “A Girl Scout Sold 300 Boxes of Cookies Near a Marijuana Shop”, in New York Times:

(slang, with the definite article) Hunger, especially a craving for food as a result of cannabis or alcohol consumption.

boefkik

craving for food as a result of use of cannabis


schwag

Unknown. Possibly related to shag (“shredded tobacco”). The "marijuana" noun sense is attested since the 1980s in the United States, the adjective since the 1990s. The "trinkets or items given away" sense is a variant of swag from 19th century thieves' cant.

National pride deserves something more than a fistful of freebies from a governmental schwag bag or the wearing of any one of the staggering array of commercially available pins.

2004, Blaise Cronin, Jeremiad Jottings, Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, →ISBN, page 91:

(slang) Alternative form of swag (“trinkets or promotional items given away at an event”).


strugure

struguri (plural)
strugure (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
strugurele (accusative definite nominative singular)
struguri (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
strugurii (accusative definite nominative plural)
strugure (indefinite singular)
strugurelui (definite singular)
struguri (indefinite singular)
strugurilor (definite plural)
strugure (singular vocative)
strugurilor (vocative)

Origin uncertain. Many theories have been proposed. Possibly a singularised plural of strug (now a regional term found in Bessarabia), which may be related to strung (“lathe”), strunji or the verb struji (“to clean feathers, branches, cobs of corn, etc.; to shave or scrape off; to chisel”), a regionalism of Slavic origin, possibly borrowed from Middle Bulgarian стръжити (strŭžiti), стругати (strugati) (whence Bulgarian стръга́ (strǎgá), стръжа́ (strǎžá, “to flake off, chip off; rub”). For the semantic development, compare: Spanish raspa (“bunch of grapes”), from the verb raspar (“scrape; file or sand down”). Alternatively, strug may be borrowed from Ancient Greek τρύγος (trúgos), τρυγή (trugḗ, “vine harvest”). Other less likely etymologies include a Latin *stribulus or *strubulus, a Gepid thrubilo or struwilo, corresponding to German Träubel (“grape hyacinth”), or a substratum origin (although the word doesn't seem to have an Albanian or other Balkan equivalent). Replaced Old Romanian auă, from Latin uva.

(regional or obsolete) bunch, cluster (of grapes or otherwise)


THC

thermohaline circulation
thermohaline circulation#English

Abbreviation of thermohaline circulation.


brandy

brandy (countable and uncountable, plural brandies)

→ Abenaki: blandi

→ Basque: brandy

→ Cebuano: brandi

→ Chinese:

Cantonese: 拔蘭地 /拔兰地 (bat⁶ laan⁴⁻¹ dei⁶⁻²), 白蘭地 /白兰地 (baak⁶ laan⁴⁻¹ dei⁶⁻²)

Mandarin: 白蘭地 /白兰地 (báilándì)

Min Nan: 物蘭池 /物兰池 (bu̍t-lân-tî)

→ Czech: brandy

→ Danish: brandy

→ Dutch: brandy

→ Esperanto: brando

→ Estonian: brändi

→ Finnish: brandy

→ Galician: brandy

→ German: Brandy

→ Greek: μπράντι (bránti)

→ Hungarian: brandy

→ Icelandic: brandí

→ Irish: branda

→ Italian: brandy

→ Japanese: ブランデー (burandē)

→ Korean: 브랜디 (beuraendi)

→ Lower Sorbian: brandy

→ Norwegian: brandy

→ Occitan: brandy

→ Polish: brandy

desc

→ Portuguese: brande, (unadapted form) brandy

→ Romanian: brandy

desctree

→ Russian: бренди (brendi)
→ Armenian: բրենդի (brendi)

→ Scottish Gaelic: branndaidh

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бренди

Latin script: brendi

→ Spanish: brandy

→ Swahili: brandi

→ Swedish: brandy

→ Tagalog: brandi

→ Thai: บรั่นดี (bà-ràn-dii)

→ Turkish: brendi

→ Vietnamese: brandy, branđi

→ Welsh: brandi

Shortened form of brandywine, from Dutch brandewijn (“burnt wine”). Compare German Brantewein, Branntwein.

(uncountable) An alcoholic liquor distilled from wine or fermented fruit juice.


brandy

en-verb

brandy (third-person singular simple present brandies, present participle brandying, simple past and past participle brandied)

brandies (present singular third-person)
brandying (participle present)
brandied (participle past)
brandied (past)

(transitive) To preserve, flavour, or mix with brandy.

säilöä brandyyn

to preserve, flavour, or mix with brandy


pilvi

pilvi (nominative singular)
pilvet (nominative plural)
pilvi (accusative nominative singular)
pilvet (accusative nominative plural)
pilven (accusative genitive singular)
pilvet (accusative genitive plural)
pilven (genitive singular)
pilvien (genitive plural)
pilveä (partitive singular)
pilviä (partitive plural)
pilvessä (inessive singular)
pilvissä (inessive plural)
pilvestä (elative singular)
pilvistä (elative plural)
pilveen (illative singular)
pilviin (illative plural)
pilvellä (adessive singular)
pilvillä (adessive plural)
pilveltä (ablative singular)
pilviltä (ablative plural)
pilvelle (allative singular)
pilville (allative plural)
pilvenä (essive singular)
pilvinä (essive plural)
pilveksi (singular translative)
pilviksi (plural translative)
pilvettä (abessive singular)
pilvittä (abessive plural)
pilvin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
pilveni (nominative singular)
pilveni (nominative plural)
pilveni (accusative nominative singular)
pilveni (accusative nominative plural)
pilveni (accusative genitive singular)
pilveni (accusative genitive plural)
pilveni (genitive singular)
pilvieni (genitive plural)
pilveäni (partitive singular)
pilviäni (partitive plural)
pilvessäni (inessive singular)
pilvissäni (inessive plural)
pilvestäni (elative singular)
pilvistäni (elative plural)
pilveeni (illative singular)
pilviini (illative plural)
pilvelläni (adessive singular)
pilvilläni (adessive plural)
pilveltäni (ablative singular)
pilviltäni (ablative plural)
pilvelleni (allative singular)
pilvilleni (allative plural)
pilvenäni (essive singular)
pilvinäni (essive plural)
pilvekseni (singular translative)
pilvikseni (plural translative)
pilvettäni (abessive singular)
pilvittäni (abessive plural)
pilvineni (comitative plural)
pilvesi (nominative singular)
pilvesi (nominative plural)
pilvesi (accusative nominative singular)
pilvesi (accusative nominative plural)
pilvesi (accusative genitive singular)
pilvesi (accusative genitive plural)
pilvesi (genitive singular)
pilviesi (genitive plural)
pilveäsi (partitive singular)
pilviäsi (partitive plural)
pilvessäsi (inessive singular)
pilvissäsi (inessive plural)
pilvestäsi (elative singular)
pilvistäsi (elative plural)
pilveesi (illative singular)
pilviisi (illative plural)
pilvelläsi (adessive singular)
pilvilläsi (adessive plural)
pilveltäsi (ablative singular)
pilviltäsi (ablative plural)
pilvellesi (allative singular)
pilvillesi (allative plural)
pilvenäsi (essive singular)
pilvinäsi (essive plural)
pilveksesi (singular translative)
pilviksesi (plural translative)
pilvettäsi (abessive singular)
pilvittäsi (abessive plural)
pilvinesi (comitative plural)
pilvemme (nominative singular)
pilvemme (nominative plural)
pilvemme (accusative nominative singular)
pilvemme (accusative nominative plural)
pilvemme (accusative genitive singular)
pilvemme (accusative genitive plural)
pilvemme (genitive singular)
pilviemme (genitive plural)
pilveämme (partitive singular)
pilviämme (partitive plural)
pilvessämme (inessive singular)
pilvissämme (inessive plural)
pilvestämme (elative singular)
pilvistämme (elative plural)
pilveemme (illative singular)
pilviimme (illative plural)
pilvellämme (adessive singular)
pilvillämme (adessive plural)
pilveltämme (ablative singular)
pilviltämme (ablative plural)
pilvellemme (allative singular)
pilvillemme (allative plural)
pilvenämme (essive singular)
pilvinämme (essive plural)
pilveksemme (singular translative)
pilviksemme (plural translative)
pilvettämme (abessive singular)
pilvittämme (abessive plural)
pilvinemme (comitative plural)
pilvenne (nominative singular)
pilvenne (nominative plural)
pilvenne (accusative nominative singular)
pilvenne (accusative nominative plural)
pilvenne (accusative genitive singular)
pilvenne (accusative genitive plural)
pilvenne (genitive singular)
pilvienne (genitive plural)
pilveänne (partitive singular)
pilviänne (partitive plural)
pilvessänne (inessive singular)
pilvissänne (inessive plural)
pilvestänne (elative singular)
pilvistänne (elative plural)
pilveenne (illative singular)
pilviinne (illative plural)
pilvellänne (adessive singular)
pilvillänne (adessive plural)
pilveltänne (ablative singular)
pilviltänne (ablative plural)
pilvellenne (allative singular)
pilvillenne (allative plural)
pilvenänne (essive singular)
pilvinänne (essive plural)
pilveksenne (singular translative)
pilviksenne (plural translative)
pilvettänne (abessive singular)
pilvittänne (abessive plural)
pilvinenne (comitative plural)
pilvensä (nominative singular)
pilvensä (nominative plural)
pilvensä (accusative nominative singular)
pilvensä (accusative nominative plural)
pilvensä (accusative genitive singular)
pilvensä (accusative genitive plural)
pilvensä (genitive singular)
pilviensä (genitive plural)
pilveään (partitive singular)
pilveänsä (partitive singular)
pilviään (partitive plural)
pilviänsä (partitive plural)
pilvessään (inessive singular)
pilvessänsä (inessive singular)
pilvissään (inessive plural)
pilvissänsä (inessive plural)
pilvestään (elative singular)
pilvestänsä (elative singular)
pilvistään (elative plural)
pilvistänsä (elative plural)
pilveensä (illative singular)
pilviinsä (illative plural)
pilvellään (adessive singular)
pilvellänsä (adessive singular)
pilvillään (adessive plural)
pilvillänsä (adessive plural)
pilveltään (ablative singular)
pilveltänsä (ablative singular)
pilviltään (ablative plural)
pilviltänsä (ablative plural)
pilvelleen (allative singular)
pilvellensä (allative singular)
pilvilleen (allative plural)
pilvillensä (allative plural)
pilvenään (essive singular)
pilvenänsä (essive singular)
pilvinään (essive plural)
pilvinänsä (essive plural)
pilvekseen (singular translative)
pilveksensä (singular translative)
pilvikseen (plural translative)
pilviksensä (plural translative)
pilvettään (abessive singular)
pilvettänsä (abessive singular)
pilvittään (abessive plural)
pilvittänsä (abessive plural)
pilvineen (comitative plural)
pilvinensä (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *pilvi, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *pilwe. Cognate with Estonian pilv, Northern Sami balva, Erzya пель (peľ) and Hungarian felhő.

polttaa pilveä

olla pilvessä


ampelography

From French ampélographie, from ampelo- (“vine”) + -graphy.

She is the American apostle of Pierre Galet, a Frenchman whose internationally recognized contribution to ampelography, or the science of classifying grape vines, rests on identifying leaf design and the appearance of a vine's growing tips.

1986 August 6, Howard G. Goldberg, “Wine Talk”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, page C18:

Scientists are just now devising a genetic test to distinguish one rootstock from another. Until they do, the only recourse is the arcane art of ampelography, in which the vines are identified by physical appearance. Like art authenticators, ampelographers practice a craft that they would have others think is a science.

1993 October 17, Arthur Lubow, “What's Killing the Grapevines of Napa?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

The mainstay of grapevine identification is the science of ampelography, and manuals of ampelography (Galet 1971) are the major resource for grapevine identification.

1993, Proceedings of the Eighth Australian Wine Industry Technical Conference, Volume 8, Australian Wine Research Institute, page 78:

(botany, oenology) The discipline within botany concerned with the taxonomy of cultivars in the grapevine genus, Vitis.


roach clip

A clip or holder, usually a 1 inch alligator clamp, used to hold the end of a hand-rolled marijuana cigarette so it can be smoked without burning the smoker's fingers.


hashish

en-noun

hashish (usually uncountable, plural hashishes)

From Arabic حَشِيش (ḥašīš, “hay, dried herb”).

bor

Coyly at first, but less guardedly as we grew bolder, we smoked the forbidden weed "Hashísh," conversing lengthily the while about that world of which I had seen so much.

1855, Sir Richard Burton, Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to Al-Madinah and Meccah, Dover, published 1964, page 44:

You know hasheesh is the extract of hemp?

1875, Louisa M[ay] Alcott, chapter 4, in Eight Cousins:

The leaves and tender parts of the Indian hemp plant (which are intoxicating), which are dried for either chewing or smoking.


vintage

en-noun

vintage (countable and uncountable, plural vintages)

From Middle English vendage, vyndage, from Anglo-Norman vendenge, from Old French vendage, vendenge (cognate with French vendange), from Latin vindēmia (“a gathering of grapes, vintage”), from vīnum (“wine”) + dēmō (“take off or away, remove”), from de (“of; from, away from”) + emō (“take”).

der

I had this story from one who had no business to tell it to me, or to any other. I may credit the seductive influence of an old vintage upon the narrator for the beginning of it, and my own skeptical incredulity during the days that followed for the balance of the strange tale.

1914, Edgar Rice Burroughs, chapter 1, in Tarzan of the Apes:

Wine, especially high-quality, identified as to year and vineyard or district of origin.

вино́ урожа́я

определённого го́да


vintage

es-adj

vintage m or f (masculine and feminine plural vintages)

Borrowed from English vintage. Doublet of vendimia.


winegrower

A person or company that owns a vineyard and produces wine, a vinedresser.


robe

→ Irish: róba

→ Scottish Gaelic: ròb

From Middle English robe, roobe, from Old French robe, robbe, reube (“booty, spoils of war, robe, garment”), from Frankish *rouba, *rauba (“booty, spoils, stolen clothes”, literally “things taken”), from Proto-Germanic *raubō, *raubaz, *raubą (“booty, that which is stripped or carried away”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hrewp- (“to tear, peel”).
cognates and related terms
Akin to Old High German roup (“booty”) (Modern German Raub (“robbery, spoils”)), Old High German roubōn (“to rob, steal”) (Modern German rauben (“to rob”)), Old English rēaf (“spoils, booty, dress, armour, robe, garment”), Old English rēafian (“to steal, deprive”). Cognate with Spanish ropa (“clothing, clothes”). More at rob, reaf, reave.

cog

Through tattered clothes small vices do appear; / Robes and furred gowns hide all.

c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene vi]:

A long loose outer garment, often signifying honorary stature.

A wardrobe, especially one built into a bedroom.

The largest and strongest tobacco leaves.


robe

en-verb

robe (third-person singular simple present robes, present participle robing, simple past and past participle robed)

robes (present singular third-person)
robing (participle present)
robed (participle past)
robed (past)

(intransitive) To put on official vestments.


Mary Jane

Mary Jane, you're always in my brain, and you help me ease the pain.

1995, “Mary Jane”, in Headsex, performed by Technohead, Mokum Records:

Mary Jane, since I have met you, girl, you've ruined my brain.

2005, “Stay Fly”, in Jordan Houston, Darnell Carlton, Paul Beauregard, Premro Smith, Marlon Goodwin, David Brown, Willie Hutchinson (lyrics), Most Known Unknown, performed by Three 6 Mafia (featuring Young Buck, 8 Ball, and MJG), Sony BMG:


frass

en-noun

frass (countable and uncountable, plural frasses)

(entomology) The droppings or excrement of insect larvae.

Examine the stalk, especially behind the sheaths, for holes and sawdustlike frass where the larvae have entered to tunnel in the stalk.

1968, United States. Dept. of Agriculture, Farmers' Bulletin, number 2190, page 5:

The sawdust-like byproduct of wood-boring insects like woodworm, termites, old-house borers or powderpost beetles.


frass

en-adj

frass (comparative frasser, superlative frassest)

frasser (comparative)
frassest (superlative)

Where’s that chap from earlier? Hop that fence fantastic hurdler
You must be frassed, there ain’t no burner.

2017, “Fire in the Booth”, performed by Taze, reused in ”Usual Suspects”:

Under the influence of marijuana, stoned.


bubbler

(US) A freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens), of central North America.


cigaredo

eo-head

cigaredo (accusative singular cigaredon, plural cigaredoj, accusative plural cigaredojn)

cigaredon (accusative singular)
cigaredoj (plural)
cigaredojn (accusative plural)

From French cigarette, from cigare (“cigar”) (via Spanish cigarro) + -ette (diminutive suffix). Possibly borrowed as a separate root from cigaro to reserve *cigareto (cigaro + -et-) to mean "small cigar".

Ŝi ĉesis fumi cigaredojn antaŭ tri jaroj kaj fieregas pri ĝi.

She quit smoking cigarettes three years ago and is very proud of it.


cigaro

cigaro (accusative singular cigaron, plural cigaroj, accusative plural cigarojn)

cigaron (accusative singular)
cigaroj (plural)
cigarojn (accusative plural)

From French cigare, English cigar, Yiddish ציגאַר (tsigar), Polish cygaro, Russian сига́ра (sigára), all ultimately from Spanish cigarro. Compare German Zigarre, Italian sigaro.


Panama Red

A type of marijuana, originally from Panama.


bucket bong

A type of bong for smoking marijuana, usually consisting of a bucket or similar device for holding water, a large bottle with its bottom cut off, and a socket for holding the marijuana in the cap.


Cannabis

de-noun

Cannabis n or m (strong, genitive Cannabis, no plural)

Cannabis (genitive)
Cannabis (definite nominative singular)
Cannabis (genitive singular)
Cannabis (dative singular)
Cannabis (accusative definite singular)


Gras

Gras n (strong, genitive Grases, plural Gräser)

Grases (genitive)
Gräser (plural)
Gras (nominative singular)
Gräser (definite nominative plural)
Grases (genitive singular)
Gräser (definite genitive plural)
Gras (dative singular)
Grase (dative singular)
Gräsern (dative definite plural)
Gras (accusative singular)
Gräser (accusative definite plural)

From Middle High German gras, from Old High German gras, from Proto-West Germanic *gras, from Proto-Germanic *grasą, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreH₁- (“grow, become green”). Compare Low German Gras, Dutch gras, English grass, Danish græs.


Gras

From Old High German gras, from Proto-West Germanic *gras, from Proto-Germanic *grasą.


Joint

de-noun

Joint m (strong, genitive Joints, plural Joints)

Joints (genitive)
Joints (plural)
Joint (nominative singular)
Joints (definite nominative plural)
Joints (genitive singular)
Joints (definite genitive plural)
Joint (dative singular)
Joints (dative definite plural)
Joint (accusative singular)
Joints (accusative definite plural)

einen Joint drehen


jimmy

*
* (chocolate sprinkles): Unknown. There is much speculation that they were named after Jim Crow, but there is little, if any, evidence to support this theory.

chocolate jimmies; rainbow jimmies

“What kind of sissy eats strawberry-frosted donuts?” I said. ¶ “With jimmies,” Belson said. ¶ “I had too much respect for you,” I said, “even to mention the jimmies.”

2009, Robert B. Parker, The Professional, Berkley Books, published 2010, →ISBN, page 232:

The crispy pastry tube was overflowing with sweetened, whipped ricotta and dotted with chocolate jimmies.

2017 September 22, Suzanne Loudermilk, “Dining review: At Giovanni's, hearty Italian fare and an old-fashioned feel”, in The Baltimore Sun, archived from the original on 2018-11-18:

(plural only, dialectal, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Maine, Mid-Atlantic US) Sprinkles used as a topping for ice cream, cookies, or cupcakes.

Rhode Island; Massachusetts; Rhode Island; Massachusetts

(US) A jemmy; a crowbar used by burglars to open windows and doors.

(slang, Royal Navy) First Lieutenant (Executive Officer)


jimmy

en-verb

jimmy (third-person singular simple present jimmies, present participle jimmying, simple past and past participle jimmied)

jimmies (present singular third-person)
jimmying (participle present)
jimmied (participle past)
jimmied (past)

The kitchen window had been jimmied.

(transitive, informal) To pry (something, especially a lock) open with or as if with a crowbar.


doober

Can you light my doober, please?


grožđe

grȏžđe (canonical neuter)
гро̑жђе (Cyrillic)
grȏžđe (nominative singular)
gróžđa (nominative plural)
grȏžđa (genitive singular)
gróžđā (genitive plural)
grȏžđu (dative singular)
gróžđima (dative plural)
grȏžđe (accusative singular)
gróžđa (accusative plural)
grȏžđe (singular vocative)
gróžđa (plural vocative)
grȏžđu (locative singular)
gróžđima (locative plural)
grȏžđem (instrumental singular)
gróžđima (instrumental plural)


грожђе

гро̑жђе (canonical neuter)
grȏžđe (romanization)
грожђе (nominative singular)
грожђа (nominative plural)
грожђа (genitive singular)
грожђа (genitive plural)
грожђу (dative singular)
грожђима (dative plural)
грожђе (accusative singular)
грожђа (accusative plural)
грожђе (singular vocative)
грожђа (plural vocative)
грожђу (locative singular)
грожђима (locative plural)
грожђем (instrumental singular)
грожђима (instrumental plural)

From гро̏зд + -е.


vinograd

sh-noun

vìnogrād m (Cyrillic spelling вѝногра̄д)

vìnogrād (canonical masculine)
вѝногра̄д (Cyrillic)
vinograd (nominative singular)
vinogradi (nominative plural)
vinograda (genitive singular)
vinograda (genitive plural)
vinogradu (dative singular)
vinogradima (dative plural)
vinograd (accusative singular)
vinograde (accusative plural)
vinograde (singular vocative)
vinogradi (plural vocative)
vinogradu (locative singular)
vinogradima (locative plural)
vinogradom (instrumental singular)
vinogradima (instrumental plural)


vinograd

vinọ́grad (canonical inanimate masculine)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
vinógrad (nominative singular)
vinógrada (dual nominative)
vinógradi (nominative plural)
vinógrada (genitive singular)
vinógradov (dual genitive)
vinógradov (genitive plural)
vinógradu (dative singular)
vinógradoma (dative dual)
vinógradom (dative plural)
vinógrad (accusative singular)
vinógrada (accusative dual)
vinógrade (accusative plural)
vinógradu (locative singular)
vinógradih (dual locative)
vinógradih (locative plural)
vinógradom (instrumental singular)
vinógradoma (dual instrumental)
vinógradi (instrumental plural)


виноград

ru-noun+

виногра́дный

виногра́д • (vinográd) m inan (genitive виногра́да, uncountable, relational adjective виногра́дный)

виногра́д (canonical)
vinográd (romanization)
виногра́да (genitive)
виногра́дный (adjective relational)
виногра́д (nominative singular)
виногра́да (genitive singular)
виногра́ду (dative singular)
виногра́д (accusative singular)
виногра́дом (instrumental singular)
виногра́де (prepositional singular)

→ Yakut: виноград (vinograd)

Ru-виноград.ogg

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic виноградъ (vinogradŭ), from Proto-Slavic *vinogordъ. Calqued from Germanic (compare German Wingert, English vineyard).


виноград

вѝногра̄д (canonical masculine)
vìnogrād (romanization)
виноград (nominative singular)
виногради (nominative plural)
винограда (genitive singular)
винограда (genitive plural)
винограду (dative singular)
виноградима (dative plural)
виноград (accusative singular)
винограде (accusative plural)
винограде (singular vocative)
виногради (plural vocative)
винограду (locative singular)
виноградима (locative plural)
виноградом (instrumental singular)
виноградима (instrumental plural)


виноград

uk-noun

виногра́д<genu>

виногра́д • (vynohrád) m inan (genitive виногра́ду, nominative plural виногра́ди, genitive plural виногра́дів)

виногра́д (canonical)
vynohrád (romanization)
виногра́ду (genitive)
виногра́ди (nominative plural)
виногра́дів (genitive plural)
виногра́д (nominative singular)
виногра́ди (nominative plural)
виногра́ду (genitive singular)
виногра́дів (genitive plural)
виногра́дові (dative singular)
виногра́ду (dative singular)
виногра́дам (dative plural)
виногра́д (accusative singular)
виногра́ди (accusative plural)
виногра́дом (instrumental singular)
виногра́дами (instrumental plural)
виногра́ді (locative singular)
виногра́дах (locative plural)
виногра́де (singular vocative)
виногра́ди (plural vocative)

uk-ndecl

виногра́д<genu>

Uk-виноград.ogg

An early borrowing from Old Church Slavonic виноградъ (vinogradŭ), likely during Old East Slavic [Term?] based on cognates in Russian and Belarusian вінаград (vinahrad). The two halves of the word are cognate to вино (vyno) and город (horod), with the spelling of the second element -град, marking it as a borrowing from a Slavic but not East Slavic language.


ien

head

ien (classifier go, 1957–1982 spelling ien)

ien (classifier ci, 1957–1982 spelling ien)


blanquette

Borrowed from Provençal blanqueto, a diminutive of blanc (“white”), derived, through early Medieval Latin blancus, from Frankish *blank (“gleaming, white, blinding”), from Proto-Germanic *blankaz (“white, bright, blinding”), from Proto-Indo-European *bhleg- (“to shine”). Equivalent to blanc (“white”) + -ette (feminine diminutive suffix). Doublet of blanchette.

af

(countable or uncountable) sparkling white wine from Languedoc made from white grapes of the "mauzac" variety


банан

ru-noun+

бана́н • (banán) m inan (genitive бана́на, nominative plural бана́ны, genitive plural бана́нов, relational adjective бана́новый, diminutive бана́нчик)

бана́н (canonical)
banán (romanization)
бана́на (genitive)
бана́ны (nominative plural)
бана́нов (genitive plural)
бана́новый (adjective relational)
бана́нчик (diminutive)
бана́н (nominative singular)
бана́ны (nominative plural)
бана́на (genitive singular)
бана́нов (genitive plural)
бана́ну (dative singular)
бана́нам (dative plural)
бана́н (accusative singular)
бана́ны (accusative plural)
бана́ном (instrumental singular)
бана́нами (instrumental plural)
бана́не (prepositional singular)
бана́нах (plural prepositional)

→ Azerbaijani: banan

→ Bashkir: банан (banan)

→ Bezhta: банан (banan)

→ Chechen: банан (banan)

→ Crimean Tatar: banan

→ Kazakh: банан (banan)

→ Kildin Sami: бананн (banann)

→ Kyrgyz: банан (banan)

→ Tajik: банан (banan)

→ Tatar: банан (banan)

→ Uyghur: بانان (banan)

→ Uzbek: banan

Borrowed from French banane, from Spanish or Portuguese banana, from Wolof banaana.

Да́йте бана́нов, марихуа́ны со́лнца да́йте!!!

(Can we date this quote?), “Бананы [Bananas]”, performed by Leningrad:

Give me some bananas, of marijuana, honey give me some!!!

Dájte banánov, marixuány sólnca dájte!!!


sinsemilla

From Spanish sin semilla (literally “without seeds”).

bor

‘One day he’s Allah this, Allah that. Next minute it’s big busty blondes, Russian gymnasts and a smoke of the sinsemilla.’

2000, Zadie Smith, White Teeth, London: Penguin Books, published 2001, →ISBN, page 284:

[…] Tatum, who wears a different color Danskin every day, or Wayne, who grows sinsemilla in his actual closet, or Boomer, who's always hugging everyone since his family did EST.

2010, Jennifer Egan, “Ask Me if I Care”, in A Visit from the Goon Squad:

A form of cannabis where only the female is allowed to blossom. Without pollen from the male plant, the female blossoms produce no seeds, forming large panicled flowers.


marihuana

pl-noun

marihuana f (related adjective marihuanowy)

marihuanowy (adjective)
marihuana (nominative singular)
marihuany (genitive singular)
marihuanie (dative singular)
marihuanę (accusative singular)
marihuaną (instrumental singular)
marihuanie (locative singular)
marihuano (singular vocative)

marijuana (inflorescence of the Cannabis sativa plant, smoked or ingested for euphoric effect)

(informal) cannabis, hemp (Cannabis sativa)


marihuana

→ Afrikaans: marijuana

→ Albanian: marihuana

desc

مَارِيجْوَانَا

→ Arabic: مَارِيجْوَانَا (mārījwānā)

→ Arabic: مَارِيجْوَانَا (mārījwānā)

→ Armenian: մարիխուանա (marixuana)

→ Azerbaijani: marixuana

→ Belarusian: марыхуана (maryxuana)

→ Bulgarian: марихуана (marihuana)

→ Catalan: marihuana

→ Czech: marihuana

→ Dutch: marihuana

desctree

→ English: marijuana, marihuana (less common)
→ Italian: marijuana

→ Esperanto: mariĥuano

→ Estonian: marihuaana

→ Finnish: marihuana, marijuana (rare)

→ French: marijuana

→ Galician: marihuana

→ Georgian: მარიხუანა (marixuana)

→ German: Marihuana

→ Greek: μαριχουάνα (marichouána)

desc

מָרִיחוּאָנָה

→ Hebrew: מָרִיחוּאָנָה (marikhu'ána)

→ Hindi: मारिजुआना (mārijuānā)

→ Hungarian: marihuána

→ Japanese: マリファナ (marifana), マリワナ (mariwana)

→ Kazakh: марихуана (marixuana)

→ Korean: 마리화나 (marihwana)

→ Kyrgyz: марихуана (marihuana)

→ Latvian: marihuāna

→ Lithuanian: marihuana

→ Macedonian: марихуана (marihuana)

→ Maltese: marijuana

→ Persian: ماریجوانا (mâri-juânâ), ماریجوانا (mârijuânâ)

→ Polish: marihuana

→ Portuguese: marijuana

→ Romanian: marijuana

desctree

→ Russian: марихуана (marixuana)
→ Kazakh: марихуана (marixuana)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

: Cyrillic script: марихуана

: Latin script: marihuana

→ Slovak: marihuana

→ Slovene: marihuana

→ Swedish: marijuana

→ Tagalog: marihuwana

→ Ukrainian: марихуана (maryxuana)

→ Uzbek: marixuana

desc

מעראַוואַנאַ

→ Yiddish: מעראַוואַנאַ (meravana)

First attested in 1894 of uncertain origin. Alteration by influence of the proper name María Juana (“Mary Jane”) is believed to be folk etymology. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the word may come from Classical Nahuatl mallihuan (“prisoner”), however, linguist Jason D. Haugen finds no semantic basis for an etymological connection, suggesting that the phonetic similarity may be "a case of accidental homophony". Another theory derives it from Chinese 麻仁花 (má rén huā, “hemp seed flower”), possibly itself originating as a loan from an earlier Semitic root *mrj, meaning "hemp".


marihuana

hsb-noun

marihuana m inan or f (related adjective marihuanowy)

marihuanowy (adjective)
marihuana (nominative singular)
marihuanje (dual nominative)
marihuany (nominative plural)
marihuany (genitive singular)
marihuanow (dual genitive)
marihuanow (genitive plural)
marihuanje (dative singular)
marihuanomaj (dative dual)
marihuanam (dative plural)
marihuanu (accusative singular)
marihuanje (accusative dual)
marihuany (accusative plural)
marihuanu (instrumental singular)
marihuanomaj (dual instrumental)
marihuanami (instrumental plural)
marihuanje (locative singular)
marihuanomaj (dual locative)
marihuanach (locative plural)
marihuana (singular vocative)
marihuanje (dual vocative)
marihuany (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Marihuana, from Spanish marihuana.

Konsum marihuany zawinuje halucinacije.

Marijuana consumption causes hallucinations.


марихуана

ru-noun+

марихуа́на • (marixuána) f inan (genitive марихуа́ны, nominative plural марихуа́ны, genitive plural марихуа́н)

марихуа́на (canonical)
marixuána (romanization)
марихуа́ны (genitive)
марихуа́ны (nominative plural)
марихуа́н (genitive plural)
марихуа́на (nominative singular)
марихуа́ны (nominative plural)
марихуа́ны (genitive singular)
марихуа́н (genitive plural)
марихуа́не (dative singular)
марихуа́нам (dative plural)
марихуа́ну (accusative singular)
марихуа́ны (accusative plural)
марихуа́ной (instrumental singular)
марихуа́ною (instrumental singular)
марихуа́нами (instrumental plural)
марихуа́не (prepositional singular)
марихуа́нах (plural prepositional)

→ Kazakh: марихуана (marixuana)

ru:марихуана


марихуана

uk-noun

марихуа́на<*.sg>

марихуа́на • (maryxuána) f inan (genitive марихуа́ни, uncountable)

марихуа́на (canonical)
maryxuána (romanization)
марихуа́ни (genitive)
марихуа́на (nominative singular)
марихуа́ни (genitive singular)
марихуа́ні (dative singular)
марихуа́ну (accusative singular)
марихуа́ною (instrumental singular)
марихуа́ні (locative singular)
марихуа́но (singular vocative)

uk-ndecl

марихуа́на<*.sg>

uk:марихуана


rapa

Probably from rappa, a Southern Italian dialect form of grappa (“bunch of grapes”).


mota

Thurston... I think it's 10:30. We're calling from Providence, Rhode Island. Did you find your shit? You gotta watch the mota, Thurston, your fuckin memory just goes out the window.

1988, “Providence”, in Mike Watt (lyrics), Sonic Youth (music), Daydream Nation, performed by Sonic Youth, Enigma Records:


koni

koni (genitive)
koni (partitive)
koni (nominative singular)
konid (nominative plural)
koni (accusative nominative singular)
konid (accusative nominative plural)
koni (accusative genitive singular)
konid (accusative genitive plural)
koni (genitive singular)
konide (genitive plural)
koni (partitive singular)
konisid (partitive plural)
konni (illative singular)
konisse (illative singular)
konidesse (illative plural)
konis (inessive singular)
konides (inessive plural)
konist (elative singular)
konidest (elative plural)
konile (allative singular)
konidele (allative plural)
konil (adessive singular)
konidel (adessive plural)
konilt (ablative singular)
konidelt (ablative plural)
koniks (singular translative)
konideks (plural translative)
konini (singular terminative)
konideni (plural terminative)
konina (essive singular)
konidena (essive plural)
konita (abessive singular)
konideta (abessive plural)
koniga (comitative singular)
konidega (comitative plural)

From Russian кончик (končik, “tip, point”). Originally a military slang word.


tóbak

is-noun

tóbak n (genitive singular tóbaks, no plural)

tóbaks (genitive singular)
tóbak (indefinite nominative singular)
tóbakið (definite nominative singular)
tóbak (accusative indefinite singular)
tóbakið (accusative definite singular)
tóbaki (dative indefinite singular)
tóbakinu (dative definite singular)
tóbaks (genitive indefinite singular)
tóbaksins (definite genitive singular)


venja

From Latin vīnea. Compare Italian vigna, Portuguese vinha, Spanish viña, French vigne, Romanian vie.


Chardonnay

en-noun

Chardonnay (countable and uncountable, plural Chardonnays)

/ˌʃɑː(ɹ)dəˈneɪ/

French, believed to be named after the village of Chardonnay in the Mâconnais region of France, where Pouilly-Fuissé is currently produced; it is possible that the variety was first bred there
The place name Chardonnay is from Late Latin Cardonnacum, from Latin carduus (“wild thistle, artichoke”), a name from the Roman period describing the surrounding area.

der

(countable) A green-skinned grape variety used to make a white wine.


tinta

en-noun

tinta (countable and uncountable, plural tintas)


Isabella

Latinate and Italian form of Isabel. The grape cultivar is popularly thought to have been discovered by a Mrs Isabella Gibbs of South Carolina in 1816.

Vitis labrusca
Vitis labrusca#Translingual

A grape cultivar popular in the former USSR derived from the grape species Vitis labrusca.


viticulture

viticulture (usually uncountable, plural viticultures)

/ˈvɪtɪˌkʌltʃə/

From viti- + culture, from Latin vītis + cultūra (“cultivation of the vine, vine-growing”). Compare agriculture.

The old French farmer practiced viticulture and raised some of the best grapes in the world.
He is knowledgeable in viticulture.

The agricultural practice of growing vines, particularly grape vines.

vneshtari

practice or science of growing vines, particularly grape vines for wine production


dugout

The key unit of life here is the dugout – what the soldiers call a ‘blindage’ – an underground burrow where half a dozen men share the narrow space between the bunks with weapons, ammunition, biscuits, tea bags, and a jumble of other essentials (there is also usually a cat, not to mention the mice).

2017 January 14, Roland Oliphant, “Special report: Loose cannons at the frontline of Ukraine's forgotten war”, in The Telegraph:

(military) A pit dug into the ground as a shelter, especially from enemy fire.


nicotine

Borrowed from French nicotine, equivalent to Nicot + -ine, named after Jean Nicot (1530–1604), the French ambassador to Portugal, who sent tobacco seeds back to France in 1561. The etymology of the surname itself is unclear.

He is addicted to nicotine.

The website calls a vote for Alyona a vote against "beauties who do not look natural and who cannot be distinguished from each other" and rails against the "imposed standards" of 90-60-90 vital statistics, and "cigarettes with out nicotine and coffee without caffeine".

2004 April 13, Nick Paton Walsh, “Ample Alyona shakes up Russian pageant”, in The Guardian:

(organic chemistry) An alkaloid (C₁₀H₁₄N₂), commonly occurring in the tobacco plant.

He's got nicotine stains on his fingers.


Gamay

Yet the 2016 Éxilé rosé from Lise et Bertrand Jousset in the Loire Valley, made mostly of gamay, was yeasty let light and lithe, while the 2016 Indigeno from Ancarani in Emilia-Romagna, made of trebbiano, was taut and earthy.

2018 March 8, Eric Asimov, “Bubbles, With Joy: Pétillant Naturel’s Triumphant Return”, in The New York Times:

Any of several varieties of red grape used for making Beaujolais and other red wines.


vide

From Old Galician-Portuguese vide, from Latin vītis, vītem.