cale

cale f (plural cale, definite calja, definite plural calet); masculine equivalent cal

cale (canonical feminine)
masculine equivalent cal (canonical)
cale (plural)
calja (definite)
calet (definite plural)
cale (indefinite nominative singular)
calja (definite nominative singular)
cale (indefinite nominative plural)
calet (definite nominative plural)
cale (accusative indefinite singular)
calen (accusative definite singular)
cale (accusative indefinite plural)
calet (accusative definite plural)
caleje (dative indefinite singular)
cales (dative definite singular)
caleve (dative indefinite plural)
caleve (dative definite plural)
caleje (ablative indefinite singular)
cales (ablative definite singular)
calesh (ablative indefinite plural)
caleve (ablative definite plural)


bardhë

desc

→ Bulgarian: барз (barz), ба́рзав (bárzav), бардз (bardz), ба́рдзав (bárdzav), бардзи́в (bardzív, “neither white nor colourful, greyish and partially white”)

→ Serbo-Croatian: bȁrz (“a goat with white stripes”), adjectives bàrzan, bȁrzav, bȁrzast (“neither white nor colourful, greyish and partially white”)

→ Turkish: barza

From Proto-Albanian *bardza, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰórh₁ǵos, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵ- (“to shine, whiten”), whence also Lithuanian brėkšti (“to dawn”), Proto-Slavic *brězgъ (“dawn, daybreak”), Proto-Germanic *berhtaz (“bright, shining”), Persian برازیدن (barâzidan, “to beautify”), Sanskrit भ्राजते (bhrājate, “he shines”). Possibly closely related to Illyrian Βάρδυλις (Bárdulis) and Messapic barzidihi, see the entries for more.

cog

Coordinate term: zi (“black”)

kalë i bardhë

verë e bardhë

plepi i bardhë

çek i bardhë

ditë të bardha


bardhë

sq-noun

bardhë f (plural bardha, definite bardha, definite plural bardhat)

bardha (plural)
bardha (definite)
bardhat (definite plural)
bardhë (indefinite nominative singular)
bardha (definite nominative singular)
bardha (indefinite nominative plural)
bardhat (definite nominative plural)
bardhë (accusative indefinite singular)
bardhën (accusative definite singular)
bardha (accusative indefinite plural)
bardhat (accusative definite plural)
bardhe (dative indefinite singular)
bardhës (dative definite singular)
bardhave (dative indefinite plural)
bardhave (dative definite plural)
bardhe (ablative indefinite singular)
bardhës (ablative definite singular)
bardhash (ablative indefinite plural)
bardhave (ablative definite plural)


bardhë

bardha (plural)
bardha (definite)
bardhat (definite plural)

In full: e bardha e syrit

In full: e bardha e vezës

(in the plural) Characters from folklore resembling girls living in forests, often mischievous when angry.


buzë

búzë f (plural búzë, definite búza, definite plural búzët)

búzë (canonical feminine)
búzë (plural)
búza (definite)
búzët (definite plural)
buzë (indefinite nominative singular)
buza (definite nominative singular)
buzë (indefinite nominative plural)
buzët (definite nominative plural)
buzë (accusative indefinite singular)
buzën (accusative definite singular)
buzë (accusative indefinite plural)
buzët (accusative definite plural)
buze (dative indefinite singular)
buzës (dative definite singular)
buzëve (dative indefinite plural)
buzëve (dative definite plural)
buze (ablative indefinite singular)
buzës (ablative definite singular)
buzësh (ablative indefinite plural)
buzëve (ablative definite plural)

Romanian: buză

From archaic and now chiefly dialectal (Arbëresh) budhë + -zë (collective suffix), from Proto-Albanian *budzā, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰmḗn (“bottom”); compare Lithuanian budė̃ (“tree-fungus”), bùdė (“whetstone”), Sanskrit बुध्न (budhna), Ancient Greek πυθμήν (puthmḗn, “bottom”), Latin fundus (“bottom, piece of land, farm”). Lent Romanian buză.

cog

(zoology, veterinary medicine) muzzle, snout

(in the plural) rocky chasm, (rocky) cliffs; sharp rock(s), boulders


buzë

on, to (onto); by; upon, at (some point) (terminal or associated with a location)


buf

sq-noun

buf m (plural bufë, definite bufi, definite plural bufët)

bufë (plural)
bufi (definite)
bufët (definite plural)
buf (indefinite nominative singular)
bufi (definite nominative singular)
bufë (indefinite nominative plural)
bufët (definite nominative plural)
buf (accusative indefinite singular)
bufin (accusative definite singular)
bufë (accusative indefinite plural)
bufët (accusative definite plural)
bufi (dative indefinite singular)
bufit (dative definite singular)
bufëve (dative indefinite plural)
bufëve (dative definite plural)
bufi (ablative indefinite singular)
bufit (ablative definite singular)
bufësh (ablative indefinite plural)
bufëve (ablative definite plural)

Borrowed from Late Latin būfus (“owl”), probably of onomatopoeic origin; see also Ancient Greek βοῦφος (boûphos). Compare archaic Romanian buf, Spanish búho.


gardh

gardh m (plural gjerdhe /gardhe, definite gardhi, definite plural gjerdhet /gardhet)

gjerdhe (plural)
gardhe (plural)
gardhi (definite)
gjerdhet (definite plural)
gardhet (definite plural)
gardh (indefinite nominative singular)
gardhi (definite nominative singular)
gjerdhe (indefinite nominative plural)
gjerdhet (definite nominative plural)
gardh (accusative indefinite singular)
gardhin (accusative definite singular)
gjerdhe (accusative indefinite plural)
gjerdhet (accusative definite plural)
gardhi (dative indefinite singular)
gardhit (dative definite singular)
gjerdheve (dative indefinite plural)
gjerdheve (dative definite plural)
gardhi (ablative indefinite singular)
gardhit (ablative definite singular)
gjerdhesh (ablative indefinite plural)
gjerdheve (ablative definite plural)
gardh (indefinite nominative singular)
gardhe (definite nominative singular)
gardhe (indefinite nominative plural)
gardhet (definite nominative plural)
gardh (accusative indefinite singular)
gardhen (accusative definite singular)
gardhe (accusative indefinite plural)
gardhet (accusative definite plural)
gardhe (dative indefinite singular)
gardhet (dative definite singular)
gardheve (dative indefinite plural)
gardheve (dative definite plural)
gardhe (ablative indefinite singular)
gardhet (ablative definite singular)
gardhesh (ablative indefinite plural)
gardheve (ablative definite plural)

From Proto-Albanian *garẟ-, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰórdʰos, from *gʰerdʰ- (“to enclose, to encircle”) (compare English yard or garden, Latin hortus, Lithuanian gar̃das). A potential loanword from Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐍃 (gards) is also supported.


pune

indefinite dative/ablative singular of punë


gjysmë

gjysmë f (plural gjysma, definite gjysma, definite plural gjysmat)

gjysma (plural)
gjysma (definite)
gjysmat (definite plural)
gjysmë (indefinite nominative singular)
gjysma (definite nominative singular)
gjysma (indefinite nominative plural)
gjysmat (definite nominative plural)
gjysmë (accusative indefinite singular)
gjysmën (accusative definite singular)
gjysma (accusative indefinite plural)
gjysmat (accusative definite plural)
gjysme (dative indefinite singular)
gjysmës (dative definite singular)
gjysmave (dative indefinite plural)
gjysmave (dative definite plural)
gjysme (ablative indefinite singular)
gjysmës (ablative definite singular)
gjysmash (ablative indefinite plural)
gjysmave (ablative definite plural)
gjymsë (alternative archaic dialectal)
gjymës (alternative archaic dialectal)
gjysëm (alternative archaic dialectal)
gjysë (alternative archaic dialectal)
gjimës (alternative archaic dialectal)
gjumsë (alternative archaic dialectal)

Has been linked to Proto-Indo-European *yemH- (“twin”), although this is problematic both phonologically and semantically.
May reflect Proto-Indo-European *sḗmi-ty-om, compare Ancient Greek ἥμισσον n (hḗmisson, “half”), from *sēmi- (“half”). Original *s regularly yields gj before accented vowels. The original *ē, after becoming *o must have regularly fronted to *e due to the following *i, and afterwards raised to *i because of the preceding palatal occlusive and following nasal, as also happened in qind, gjind. The evolution of an original stressed gji before labials to an oscillating gjy ~ gji ~ gju can also be observed in magjyp. The metathesis of ms may have been reinforced by contamination with -më, compare also kullusmë.
An early form of the term influencing Romanian jumătate, Aromanian giumitati /giumitate, although possible, seems unnecessary. A direct borrowing from Paleo-Balkan into Balkan Romance is even less likely, as the terms simply metathesised outcomes of Latin medietās, the Pan-Romance word for “half”.

cog

në gjysmë

(colloquial) low shoe (i.e. not covering the ankle), low-tops


gjysmë

gjymsë (alternative archaic dialectal)
gjymës (alternative archaic dialectal)
gjysëm (alternative archaic dialectal)
gjysë (alternative archaic dialectal)
gjimës (alternative archaic dialectal)
gjumsë (alternative archaic dialectal)

gjysma mi gjysma zog


qafë

sq-noun

qafë f (plural qafa, definite qafa, definite plural qafat)

qafa (plural)
qafa (definite)
qafat (definite plural)
qafë (indefinite nominative singular)
qafa (definite nominative singular)
qafa (indefinite nominative plural)
qafat (definite nominative plural)
qafë (accusative indefinite singular)
qafën (accusative definite singular)
qafa (accusative indefinite plural)
qafat (accusative definite plural)
qafe (dative indefinite singular)
qafës (dative definite singular)
qafave (dative indefinite plural)
qafave (dative definite plural)
qafe (ablative indefinite singular)
qafës (ablative definite singular)
qafash (ablative indefinite plural)
qafave (ablative definite plural)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish قفا (compare Turkish kafa (“head”)), from Arabic قَفَاء (qafāʔ, “head”).


zi

head

i zi (feminine e zezë, masculine plural të zinj, feminine plural të zeza)

i zi (canonical)
e zezë (feminine)
të zinj (masculine plural)
të zeza (feminine plural)

First attested in the 17th century in this form, already 16th in its now obsolete feminine form e zeshkë (“black”). The plural të zinj is recent, built on analogy of other masculine nouns ending in stressed /-ˈi/, and supplanted the earlier të zez. The irregular paradigm may reflect e zezë f sg < *gʷed(ʰ)yā, të zez m pl < *gʷed(ʰ)yoi, zi f (“mourning”, noun) < *gʷed(ʰ)íyā.
Has been compared to Proto-West Germanic *kwād (“filth; evil”), Lithuanian gė́da (“shame”), Proto-Slavic *gàdъ (“reptile”). Also see Lithuanian gẽdulas, geda (“mourning”). Traditionally also linked to Lithuanian ži̇̀las (“grey”). Comparison with Lithuanian júodas (“black”) is difficult to reconcile phonetically.

cog

bukë e zezë

ujëra të zeza

kanale të zeza

zemër e zezë


zi

sq-noun

i zi m (plural të zinj, definite i ziu, definite plural të zinjtë)

i zi (canonical masculine)
të zinj (plural)
i ziu (definite)
të zinjtë (definite plural)

(chess) black (player with the black chess pieces)


zi

të zi (canonical neuter)
të zitë (definite)

Used to reinforce interrogative and exclamative sentences.


zi

e ngjeu zi


zi

First attested in the 16th century. Early nominalisation of the adjective above, see there for more.

bëj zi për

e chξeh {v}ine tane, endeh ћaɛe-//mend

1555, Gjon Buzuku, Meshari, page 47v, lines 88–89:

zi buke


gjemb

gjemb m (plural gjemba, definite gjembi, definite plural gjembat)

gjemba (plural)
gjembi (definite)
gjembat (definite plural)
gjemb (indefinite nominative singular)
gjembi (definite nominative singular)
gjemba (indefinite nominative plural)
gjembat (definite nominative plural)
gjemb (accusative indefinite singular)
gjembin (accusative definite singular)
gjemba (accusative indefinite plural)
gjembat (accusative definite plural)
gjembi (dative indefinite singular)
gjembit (dative definite singular)
gjembave (dative indefinite plural)
gjembave (dative definite plural)
gjembi (ablative indefinite singular)
gjembit (ablative definite singular)
gjembash (ablative indefinite plural)
gjembave (ablative definite plural)
gjëmb (alternative)
glëmb (alternative)
glëmp (alternative)
glëmbë (alternative)
gljëmbë (alternative)
glimp (alternative)
gljimp (alternative)
glimb (alternative)

Tosk form of Old Gheg glemb (Buzuku), from Proto-Albanian *glamba, from Proto-Indo-European *glembʰ- (compare Old Church Slavonic глѫбъ (glǫbŭ, “trunk, stump”), Ancient Greek γλάφω (gláphō, “I scrape up”)). Compare also Romanian ghimpe.


jem

first-person singular present subjunctive of jam


jem

first-person singular present jussive of jam


mut

mut (indefinite nominative singular)
muti (definite nominative singular)
mutra (indefinite nominative plural)
mutrat (definite nominative plural)
mut (accusative indefinite singular)
mutin (accusative definite singular)
mutra (accusative indefinite plural)
mutrat (accusative definite plural)
muti (dative indefinite singular)
mutit (dative definite singular)
mutrave (dative indefinite plural)
mutrave (dative definite plural)
muti (ablative indefinite singular)
mutit (ablative definite singular)
mutrash (ablative indefinite plural)
mutrave (ablative definite plural)

Either from Proto-Albanian *mukta, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mewk- (“to release, let loose”) (compare Sanskrit मुक्त (muktá, “released”)) or from Proto-Albanian *mut, from Proto-Indo-European *mewH- (“wet; dirt; to wash”). Compare Armenian մութ (mutʻ, “dark”), Middle Low German modder (“mud”), English mud, Sanskrit मूत्र (mūtra, “urine”).


larg

Borrowed from Vulgar Latin, from Latin largus (“abundant, big”, adjective). Compare Aromanian largu (“far”, adverb).

nga larg

mbaj larg

rri larg!

far, far away, afar, away. in space or time


larg

larg qytetit


bajgë

sq-noun

bajgë f (plural bajga, definite bajga, definite plural bajgat)

bajga (plural)
bajga (definite)
bajgat (definite plural)
bajgë (indefinite nominative singular)
bajga (definite nominative singular)
bajga (indefinite nominative plural)
bajgat (definite nominative plural)
bajgë (accusative indefinite singular)
bajgën (accusative definite singular)
bajga (accusative indefinite plural)
bajgat (accusative definite plural)
bajge (dative indefinite singular)
bajgës (dative definite singular)
bajgave (dative indefinite plural)
bajgave (dative definite plural)
bajge (ablative indefinite singular)
bajgës (ablative definite singular)
bajgash (ablative indefinite plural)
bajgave (ablative definite plural)
balgë (alternative)
balëg (alternative)
balëgë (alternative)
bagël (alternative)

From archaic and dialectal balgë, balëgë, from Old Albanian baljëgë, from Proto-Albanian *balgā, from Proto-Indo-European *bolgʷ-. Compare Greek βολβός (volvós, “bulb”), Armenian բողկ (boġk, “radish”). Borrowed as Romanian baligă; metathetic bagël gave northern Italian bagola, bagula.


bredh

bredh m (plural bredha, definite bredhi, definite plural bredhat)

bredha (plural)
bredhi (definite)
bredhat (definite plural)
bredh (indefinite nominative singular)
bredhi (definite nominative singular)
bredha (indefinite nominative plural)
bredhat (definite nominative plural)
bredh (accusative indefinite singular)
bredhin (accusative definite singular)
bredha (accusative indefinite plural)
bredhat (accusative definite plural)
bredhi (dative indefinite singular)
bredhit (dative definite singular)
bredhave (dative indefinite plural)
bredhave (dative definite plural)
bredhi (ablative indefinite singular)
bredhit (ablative definite singular)
bredhash (ablative indefinite plural)
bredhave (ablative definite plural)
brec (alternative)
breth (alternative)
brethk (alternative)

* Singularized plural of *bradh, from Proto-Albanian *bardza, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrh₁ǵós (“birch”). On the other hand, Matzinger reconstructs Proto-Albanian *braȷ́ʉh sg, *braȷ́ai pl. Compare Lithuanian béržas, Czech bříza, Ossetian бӕрз (bærz), English birch, Sanskrit भूर्ज (bhūrjá, “Himalayan birch”)). Possibly the source of Romanian brad (“fir”).
* Alternatively, A part of a series of loan words from unattested ancient Greek dialects labeled as Macedonian because it was akin to the native idiom of the Greek-speaking population in the Argead Kingdom. borrowed as Ancient Macedonian [script needed] (*brathy, “savin”), with Romanian brad having the same Greek dialectal origin, the Greek itself being of ultimate Semitic provenance).


bredh

head

bredh (aorist brodha, participle bredhur)

brodha (aorist)
bredhur (participle)
bredhur (participle)
duke bredhur (gerund)
për të bredhur (infinitive)
bredh (first-person indicative present singular)
bredh (indicative present second-person singular)
bredh (indicative present singular third-person)
bredhim (first-person indicative plural present)
bredhni (indicative plural present second-person)
bredhin (indicative plural present third-person)
bridhja (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
bridhje (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
bridhte (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
bridhnim (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
bridhnit (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
bridhnin (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
brodha (aorist first-person indicative singular)
brodhe (aorist indicative second-person singular)
brodhi (aorist indicative singular third-person)
brodhëm (aorist first-person indicative plural)
brodhët (aorist indicative plural second-person)
brodhën (aorist indicative plural third-person)
kam bredhur (first-person indicative perfect singular)
ke bredhur (indicative perfect second-person singular)
ka bredhur (indicative perfect singular third-person)
kemi bredhur (first-person indicative perfect plural)
keni bredhur (indicative perfect plural second-person)
kanë bredhur (indicative perfect plural third-person)
kisha bredhur (first-person indicative past perfect singular)
kishe bredhur (indicative past perfect second-person singular)
kishte bredhur (indicative past perfect singular third-person)
kishim bredhur (first-person indicative past perfect plural)
kishit bredhur (indicative past perfect plural second-person)
kishin bredhur (indicative past perfect plural third-person)
pata bredhur (first-person indicative singular)
pate bredhur (indicative second-person singular)
pati bredhur (indicative singular third-person)
patëm bredhur (first-person indicative plural)
patët bredhur (indicative plural second-person)
patën bredhur (indicative plural third-person)
do të bredh (first-person future indicative singular)
do të bredhësh (future indicative second-person singular)
do të bredhë (future indicative singular third-person)
do të bredhim (first-person future indicative plural)
do të bredhni (future indicative plural second-person)
do të bredhin (future indicative plural third-person)
do të kem bredhur (first-person future indicative perfect singular)
do të kesh bredhur (future indicative perfect second-person singular)
do të ketë bredhur (future indicative perfect singular third-person)
do të kemi bredhur (first-person future indicative perfect plural)
do të keni bredhur (future indicative perfect plural second-person)
do të kenë bredhur (future indicative perfect plural third-person)
të bredh (first-person present singular subjunctive)
të bredhësh (present second-person singular subjunctive)
të bredhë (present singular subjunctive third-person)
të bredhim (first-person plural present subjunctive)
të bredhni (plural present second-person subjunctive)
të bredhin (plural present subjunctive third-person)
të bridhja (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
të bridhje (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të bridhte (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të bridhnim (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
të bridhnit (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të bridhnin (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
të kem bredhur (first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
të kesh bredhur (perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të ketë bredhur (perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të kemi bredhur (first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
të keni bredhur (perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të kenë bredhur (perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
të kisha bredhur (first-person past perfect singular subjunctive)
të kishe bredhur (past perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të kishte bredhur (past perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të kishim bredhur (first-person past perfect plural subjunctive)
të kishit bredhur (past perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të kishin bredhur (past perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
do të bridhja (conditional first-person imperfect singular)
do të bridhje (conditional imperfect second-person singular)
do të bridhte (conditional imperfect singular third-person)
do të bridhnim (conditional first-person imperfect plural)
do të bridhnit (conditional imperfect plural second-person)
do të bridhnin (conditional imperfect plural third-person)
do të kisha bredhur (conditional first-person past perfect singular)
do të kishe bredhur (conditional past perfect second-person singular)
do të kishte bredhur (conditional past perfect singular third-person)
do të kishim bredhur (conditional first-person past perfect plural)
do të kishit bredhur (conditional past perfect plural second-person)
do të kishin bredhur (conditional past perfect plural third-person)
bredhsha (first-person optative present singular)
bredhsh (optative present second-person singular)
bredhtë (optative present singular third-person)
bredhshim (first-person optative plural present)
bredhshit (optative plural present second-person)
bredhshin (optative plural present third-person)
paça bredhur (first-person optative perfect singular)
paç bredhur (optative perfect second-person singular)
pastë bredhur (optative perfect singular third-person)
paçim bredhur (first-person optative perfect plural)
paçit bredhur (optative perfect plural second-person)
paçin bredhur (optative perfect plural third-person)
bredhkam (admirative first-person present singular)
bredhke (admirative present second-person singular)
bredhka (admirative present singular third-person)
bredhkemi (admirative first-person plural present)
bredhkeni (admirative plural present second-person)
bredhkan (admirative plural present third-person)
bredhkësha (admirative first-person imperfect singular)
bredhkëshe (admirative imperfect second-person singular)
bredhkësh (admirative imperfect singular third-person)
bredhkëshim (admirative first-person imperfect plural)
bredhkëshit (admirative imperfect plural second-person)
bredhkëshin (admirative imperfect plural third-person)
paskam bredhur (admirative first-person perfect singular)
paske bredhur (admirative perfect second-person singular)
paska bredhur (admirative perfect singular third-person)
paskemi bredhur (admirative first-person perfect plural)
paskeni bredhur (admirative perfect plural second-person)
paskan bredhur (admirative perfect plural third-person)
paskësha bredhur (admirative first-person past perfect singular)
paskëshe bredhur (admirative past perfect second-person singular)
paskësh bredhur (admirative past perfect singular third-person)
paskëshim bredhur (admirative first-person past perfect plural)
paskëshit bredhur (admirative past perfect plural second-person)
paskëshin bredhur (admirative past perfect plural third-person)
bridh (imperative present second-person singular)
bridhni (imperative plural present second-person)
brec (alternative)
breth (alternative)
brethk (alternative)

From Proto-Albanian *bredza, from earlier *breda, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrédʰ-e-ti (“to wade”), from *bʰredʰ- (compare Slovene brédem (“I wade”), Lithuanian breñda (“he wades”)).

der

(transitive, colloquial) to stroll around, circumambulate


byk

sq-noun

byk m (plural bykra, definite byku, definite plural bykrat)

bykra (plural)
byku (definite)
bykrat (definite plural)


bukur

i bukur (canonical)
të bukura (feminine plural)
bukër (alternative)

From Proto-Albanian *bukura, derivative of *buk- (“lush, lusty”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰoHu- (“to grow, swell”), close to Proto-Germanic *būkaz (“belly, body”), compare Icelandic búkur (“torso”), English bouk, German Bauch, Old Czech buj (“mad, foolish”)). Similar sense development as with kolmë. Related to bukël.

der

Ai po kërkon një vajzë të bukur.


sorrë

sq-noun

sorrë f (plural sorra, definite sorra, definite plural sorrat)

sorra (plural)
sorra (definite)
sorrat (definite plural)
sorrë (indefinite nominative singular)
sorra (definite nominative singular)
sorra (indefinite nominative plural)
sorrat (definite nominative plural)
sorrë (accusative indefinite singular)
sorrën (accusative definite singular)
sorra (accusative indefinite plural)
sorrat (accusative definite plural)
sorre (dative indefinite singular)
sorrës (dative definite singular)
sorrave (dative indefinite plural)
sorrave (dative definite plural)
sorre (ablative indefinite singular)
sorrës (ablative definite singular)
sorrash (ablative indefinite plural)
sorrave (ablative definite plural)

From Proto-Albanian *tšārnā, from pre-Albanian *kʷērsneh₂, from Proto-Indo-European *kr̥snós (“black”) (compare Lithuanian kir̃snas, Russian чёрный (čórnyj), Pashto [script needed] (kī́n, “left”)). Compare also Romanian cioară; Aromanian cioarã, tsoarã; Friulian çore; Tarantino ciola: Neapolitan and Sicilian ciaula.


çukë

çukë f (plural çuka, definite çuka, definite plural çukat)

çuka (plural)
çuka (definite)
çukat (definite plural)
çukë (indefinite nominative singular)
çuka (definite nominative singular)
çuka (indefinite nominative plural)
çukat (definite nominative plural)
çukë (accusative indefinite singular)
çukën (accusative definite singular)
çuka (accusative indefinite plural)
çukat (accusative definite plural)
çuke (dative indefinite singular)
çukës (dative definite singular)
çukave (dative indefinite plural)
çukave (dative definite plural)
çuke (ablative indefinite singular)
çukës (ablative definite singular)
çukash (ablative indefinite plural)
çukave (ablative definite plural)

See Proto-Slavic *čuka on this word. Alternatively from sukë, but this seems unlikely.

peak, summit, top (of tree, plant, mountain, hill)


sutë

sutë f (plural suta, definite suta, definite plural sutat)

suta (plural)
suta (definite)
sutat (definite plural)

From archaic and dialectal shutë, from Proto-Albanian *tšuktā, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱuk- (compare Lithuanian šùkōs (“comb; heckle”) (pl.)). Compare Romanian ciută.


shyt

From South Slavic; compare Serbo-Croatian šȕt, Bulgarian шут (šut).

handleless, spoutless, or neckless (vessel)


kopaç

From Proto-Slavic *kopati (“to dig, hollow out”). Compare Bulgarian копач (kopač, “sapper”), копа́я (kopája), Serbo-Croatian kopati. Also note Romanian copac, Aromanian cupaci.


ylber

ylber (indefinite nominative singular)
ylberi (definite nominative singular)
ylbere (indefinite nominative plural)
ylberet (definite nominative plural)
ylber (accusative indefinite singular)
ylberin (accusative definite singular)
ylbere (accusative indefinite plural)
ylberet (accusative definite plural)
ylberi (dative indefinite singular)
ylberit (dative definite singular)
ylbereve (dative indefinite plural)
ylbereve (dative definite plural)
ylberi (ablative indefinite singular)
ylberit (ablative definite singular)
ylberesh (ablative indefinite plural)
ylbereve (ablative definite plural)

Compound of Proto-Albanian *ulnā (“forearm”) and *bōra (“bow”), mirror image of bërryl (“elbow”). More at bërryl.
Alternatively, from yll (“star”) + ber (“bow”).


bërryl

sq-noun

bërryl m (plural bërryla, definite bërryli, definite plural bërrylat)

bërryla (plural)
bërryli (definite)
bërrylat (definite plural)
bërryl (indefinite nominative singular)
bërryli (definite nominative singular)
bërryla (indefinite nominative plural)
bërrylat (definite nominative plural)
bërryl (accusative indefinite singular)
bërrylin (accusative definite singular)
bërryla (accusative indefinite plural)
bërrylat (accusative definite plural)
bërryli (dative indefinite singular)
bërrylit (dative definite singular)
bërrylave (dative indefinite plural)
bërrylave (dative definite plural)
bërryli (ablative indefinite singular)
bërrylit (ablative definite singular)
bërrylash (ablative indefinite plural)
bërrylave (ablative definite plural)

From Proto-Albanian *bōrei ulnā, compound of *bōrei (“bow”) and *ulnā (“forearm”). More at ber and llërë. For sense development, compare English elbow, compound of ell (“ell”), originally ‘forearm’, and bow. See also ylber (“rainbow”), a mirror formation.


brez

brez m (plural breza, definite brezi, definite plural brezat)

breza (plural)
brezi (definite)
brezat (definite plural)
brez (indefinite nominative singular)
brezi (definite nominative singular)
breza (indefinite nominative plural)
brezat (definite nominative plural)
brez (accusative indefinite singular)
brezin (accusative definite singular)
breza (accusative indefinite plural)
brezat (accusative definite plural)
brezi (dative indefinite singular)
brezit (dative definite singular)
brezave (dative indefinite plural)
brezave (dative definite plural)
brezi (ablative indefinite singular)
brezit (ablative definite singular)
brezash (ablative indefinite plural)
brezave (ablative definite plural)

From *bren + -ëz, possibly from Proto-Albanian *breuna, from Proto-Indo-European *brewn- (compare Old English prēon (“pin, brooch needle”), Lithuanian briaunà (“edge”)). Lent Romanian brâu ~ dialectal brân.

cog

brezi i ri


kësulë

sq-noun

kësulë f (plural kësula, definite kësula, definite plural kësulat)

kësula (plural)
kësula (definite)
kësulat (definite plural)
kësuljë (alternative)

→? Aromanian: cãciulã, cãciuã

→? Romanian: căciulă

From Byzantine Greek κασοῦλα (kasoûla), from Latin casula (“hooded cloak”). Doublet of kaçule. Compare also Romanian căciulă. Attested in 1417 (Catasto Veneto di Scutari) as "Chisolichochi" (i.e. Kësolëkoqi, modern Kësulëkuqi, "bearing a red riding hood", masc.).


këpushë

këpushë f (plural këpusha, definite këpusha, definite plural këpushat)

këpusha (plural)
këpusha (definite)
këpushat (definite plural)
këpushë (indefinite nominative singular)
këpusha (definite nominative singular)
këpusha (indefinite nominative plural)
këpushat (definite nominative plural)
këpushë (accusative indefinite singular)
këpushën (accusative definite singular)
këpusha (accusative indefinite plural)
këpushat (accusative definite plural)
këpushe (dative indefinite singular)
këpushës (dative definite singular)
këpushave (dative indefinite plural)
këpushave (dative definite plural)
këpushe (ablative indefinite singular)
këpushës (ablative definite singular)
këpushash (ablative indefinite plural)
këpushave (ablative definite plural)

From kap (“to catch, grab”) + -ushë. Borrowed to Romanian căpușă.


katund

katund m (plural katunde, definite katundi, definite plural katundet)

katunde (plural)
katundi (definite)
katundet (definite plural)
katund (indefinite nominative singular)
katundi (definite nominative singular)
katunde (indefinite nominative plural)
katundet (definite nominative plural)
katund (accusative indefinite singular)
katundin (accusative definite singular)
katunde (accusative indefinite plural)
katundet (accusative definite plural)
katundi (dative indefinite singular)
katundit (dative definite singular)
katundeve (dative indefinite plural)
katundeve (dative definite plural)
katundi (ablative indefinite singular)
katundit (ablative definite singular)
katundesh (ablative indefinite plural)
katundeve (ablative definite plural)
katûn(d) (alternative)
kotun (alternative)

Borrowed from Byzantine Greek κατοῦνα (katoûna, “soldier's tent, tent camp”). Orel derives it as compound of ka (“out, from”) and tund (“to shake, dangle”), supposedly a calque of South Slavic *kolyba (“hut”), folk-etymologized from *kolybati (“to shake”); however, Slavic is actually a loan from Ancient Greek καλύβη (kalúbē).

bor

Gjithmonë kanë jetuar në katund.


flojere

flojerja (definite)
flojerë (alternative)
floerë (alternative)

→ Greek: φλογέρα (flogéra)

Borrowed from Aromanian fluiarã, fluearã, from Latin flātūrālis (“blowing”, adj.), from flātūra (“act of blowing”).


fyell

sq-noun

fyell m (plural fyej, definite fyelli, definite plural fyejt)

fyej (plural)
fyelli (definite)
fyejt (definite plural)
fyell (indefinite nominative singular)
fyelli (definite nominative singular)
fyej (indefinite nominative plural)
fyejt (definite nominative plural)
fyell (accusative indefinite singular)
fyellin (accusative definite singular)
fyej (accusative indefinite plural)
fyejt (accusative definite plural)
fyelli (dative indefinite singular)
fyellit (dative definite singular)
fyejve (dative indefinite plural)
fyejve (dative definite plural)
fyelli (ablative indefinite singular)
fyellit (ablative definite singular)
fyejsh (ablative indefinite plural)
fyejve (ablative definite plural)

From Proto-Albanian *pʰȫla, from Pre-Proto-Albanian *spōla, from Proto-Indo-European *spōlH-ó-, with a sematic change from "to split off, torn off" > "thin piece of wood, thin rod" > "flute". After PA *pʰȫla became *föł, the vowel -ö- before tautosyllabic *ł# was diphthongized to -ye-.

(colloquial, anatomy) long articulated bone


fyell

e ka trupin fyell

e ka mendjen fyell


fyell

e kishte shtatin fyell të drejtë

a lot, lots, very (often with the adjective for straight)


flutur

Orel proposes a back-formation from fluturoj (“to fly; go fast”), from a Vulgar Latin *fluctulāre, from Latin fluctuare.
Alternatively, the word could come from Proto-Albanian *flugtur, forming a group of words together with fletë, flatër, flegër, flugë. The word may have been borrowed into Romanian as fluture.

flutër (alternative)
fjutër (alternative)
fqutër (alternative)
qutër (alternative)


flutur

flutur f (plural flutura, definite flutura, definite plural fluturat)

flutura (plural)
flutura (definite)
fluturat (definite plural)
flutur (indefinite nominative singular)
flutura (definite nominative singular)
flutura (indefinite nominative plural)
fluturat (definite nominative plural)
flutur (accusative indefinite singular)
fluturën (accusative definite singular)
flutura (accusative indefinite plural)
fluturat (accusative definite plural)
flutureje (dative indefinite singular)
fluturës (dative definite singular)
fluturave (dative indefinite plural)
fluturave (dative definite plural)
flutureje (ablative indefinite singular)
fluturës (ablative definite singular)
fluturash (ablative indefinite plural)
fluturave (ablative definite plural)
flutër (alternative)
fjutër (alternative)
fqutër (alternative)
qutër (alternative)

Fasciola hepatica
Fasciola hepatica#Translingual

liver fluke, sheep liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica)


thërrime

thërrime f (plural thërrime, definite thërrimja, definite plural thërrimet)

thërrime (plural)
thërrimja (definite)
thërrimet (definite plural)
thërmi (alternative)
thërmik (alternative)
thërmiqe (alternative)
thërmikla (alternative)
thërmoqe (alternative)
thërmokla (alternative)
cërmok (alternative)
thërmaqe (alternative)
thërrmijë (alternative)
thrrime (alternative dialectal)
thrime (alternative dialectal)
thërime (alternative dialectal)
thryme (alternative dialectal)

First attested in the old definite ablative in the Mëshari of Buzuku as fermeshit
Borrowed from Greek θρύμμα (thrýmma, “crumb; fragment”), akin to Romanian fărâmă, Aromanian sãrmã. The verb thërrmoj (“to crumble, shatter”) was presumably coined in Albanian and borrowed into Balkan Romance as Aromanian sãrmu (“to crumble”), Romanian fărma, sfărma, fărâma, sfărâma (“to shatter, break”), from which Aromanian sãrmã (“crumb”) and Romanian fărâmă, sfărâmă (“crumb”) may have been formed as deverbals. The borrowing into Balkan Romance must have happened at a time when the Aromanian phoneme /θ/, now present in foreign words, did not yet exist and was hence adapted as /s/, while Daco-Romanian must have loaned the term from a northern dialect which had /f/ in this position, as in fërmi, attested in Buzuku.
Has also been linked with ther (“to slaughter, pierce”), however the morphemes at stake are not well identified and the semantical evolution is not straightforward.

bor+

Ε δ̇ε̰σ̈ε̰ρὸν τὲ̰ φρίχ̇εϊγ γκὰ θρίμμετε̰ κ̇ὲ̰ π̇ίγνε̰ γκὰ με̰σάλ̇α ἐ σὲ̰ πάσουριτ

1827, Vangjel Meksi, Δγιάτα ἐ ῥέ, Luke 16:21, page 253:


kthetër

sq-noun

kthetër f (plural kthetra, definite kthetra, definite plural kthetrat)

kthetra (plural)
kthetra (definite)
kthetrat (definite plural)
kthetër (indefinite nominative singular)
kthetra (definite nominative singular)
kthetra (indefinite nominative plural)
kthetrat (definite nominative plural)
kthetër (accusative indefinite singular)
kthetrën (accusative definite singular)
kthetra (accusative indefinite plural)
kthetrat (accusative definite plural)
kthetre (dative indefinite singular)
kthetrës (dative definite singular)
kthetrave (dative indefinite plural)
kthetrave (dative definite plural)
kthetre (ablative indefinite singular)
kthetrës (ablative definite singular)
kthetrash (ablative indefinite plural)
kthetrave (ablative definite plural)


gjon

gjon m (plural gjonë, definite gjoni, definite plural gjonët)

gjonë (plural)
gjoni (definite)
gjonët (definite plural)
gjon (indefinite nominative singular)
gjoni (definite nominative singular)
gjonë (indefinite nominative plural)
gjonët (definite nominative plural)
gjon (accusative indefinite singular)
gjonin (accusative definite singular)
gjonë (accusative indefinite plural)
gjonët (accusative definite plural)
gjoni (dative indefinite singular)
gjonit (dative definite singular)
gjonëve (dative indefinite plural)
gjonëve (dative definite plural)
gjoni (ablative indefinite singular)
gjonit (ablative definite singular)
gjonësh (ablative indefinite plural)
gjonëve (ablative definite plural)
gjin (alternative dialectal)
gjonjë (alternative dialectal)
gjorës (alternative dialectal)

→ Aromanian: ghion

→ Greek: γκιόνης (gkiónis)

→ Macedonian: ѓон (ǵon)

→ Megleno-Romanian: ghion

From the given name Gjon (“John”), compare Italian barbagianni and Turkish İshak kuşu.


gjysh

gjysh m (plural gjyshër or gjysha, definite gjyshi, definite plural gjyshërit or gjyshat)

gjyshër (plural)
gjysha (plural)
gjyshi (definite)
gjyshërit (definite plural)
gjyshat (definite plural)
gjysh (indefinite nominative singular)
gjyshi (definite nominative singular)
gjysha (indefinite nominative plural)
gjyshat (definite nominative plural)
gjysh (accusative indefinite singular)
gjyshin (accusative definite singular)
gjysha (accusative indefinite plural)
gjyshat (accusative definite plural)
gjyshi (dative indefinite singular)
gjyshit (dative definite singular)
gjyshave (dative indefinite plural)
gjyshave (dative definite plural)
gjyshi (ablative indefinite singular)
gjyshit (ablative definite singular)
gjyshash (ablative indefinite plural)
gjyshave (ablative definite plural)

From Proto-Albanian *sūša, from earlier *sūsa, from Proto-Indo-European *suHsos (compare Sanskrit सूषा (sūṣā́, “parturient woman”)), variant of *suHnús (compare English son). Compare also the related Romanian ghiuj.
Alternatively, from Proto-Albanian *źýśii̯a-, from older *sū́sii̯a-, from Proto-Indo-European *súHsii̯o- (“progenitor”).

cog

(colloquial) honorific term for an elderly man

(religion) head of a group of Bektashi congregations


grihë

sq-noun

grihë f (plural griha, definite griha, definite plural grihat)

griha (plural)
griha (definite)
grihat (definite plural)
grihë (indefinite nominative singular)
griha (definite nominative singular)
griha (indefinite nominative plural)
grihat (definite nominative plural)
grihë (accusative indefinite singular)
grihën (accusative definite singular)
griha (accusative indefinite plural)
grihat (accusative definite plural)
griheje (dative indefinite singular)
grihës (dative definite singular)
grihave (dative indefinite plural)
grihave (dative definite plural)
griheje (ablative indefinite singular)
grihës (ablative definite singular)
grihash (ablative indefinite plural)
grihave (ablative definite plural)


gurmaz

gurmaz m (plural gurmaze, definite gurmazi, definite plural gurmazet)

gurmaze (plural)
gurmazi (definite)
gurmazet (definite plural)
gurmas (alternative)
grumas (alternative)
gurmac (alternative)
gërmaz (alternative)

Derivative of kurm (“trunk, torso”) with noun suffix -ac ~ -as. Lent Romanian grumaz and Aromanian grumadz, gurmadz.


dërmoj

head

dërmoj (aorist dërmova, participle dërmuar)

dërmova (aorist)
dërmuar (participle)
dërmuar (participle)
duke dërmuar (gerund)
për të dërmuar (infinitive)
dërmoj (first-person indicative present singular)
dërmon (indicative present second-person singular)
dërmon (indicative present singular third-person)
dërmojmë (first-person indicative plural present)
dërmoni (indicative plural present second-person)
dërmojnë (indicative plural present third-person)
dërmoja (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
dërmoje (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
dërmonte (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
dërmonim (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
dërmonit (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
dërmonin (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
dërmova (aorist first-person indicative singular)
dërmove (aorist indicative second-person singular)
dërmoi (aorist indicative singular third-person)
dërmuam (aorist first-person indicative plural)
dërmuat (aorist indicative plural second-person)
dërmuan (aorist indicative plural third-person)
kam dërmuar (first-person indicative perfect singular)
ke dërmuar (indicative perfect second-person singular)
ka dërmuar (indicative perfect singular third-person)
kemi dërmuar (first-person indicative perfect plural)
keni dërmuar (indicative perfect plural second-person)
kanë dërmuar (indicative perfect plural third-person)
kisha dërmuar (first-person indicative past perfect singular)
kishe dërmuar (indicative past perfect second-person singular)
kishte dërmuar (indicative past perfect singular third-person)
kishim dërmuar (first-person indicative past perfect plural)
kishit dërmuar (indicative past perfect plural second-person)
kishin dërmuar (indicative past perfect plural third-person)
pata dërmuar (first-person indicative singular)
pate dërmuar (indicative second-person singular)
pati dërmuar (indicative singular third-person)
patëm dërmuar (first-person indicative plural)
patët dërmuar (indicative plural second-person)
patën dërmuar (indicative plural third-person)
do të dërmoj (first-person future indicative singular)
do të dërmosh (future indicative second-person singular)
do të dërmojë (future indicative singular third-person)
do të dërmojmë (first-person future indicative plural)
do të dërmoni (future indicative plural second-person)
do të dërmojnë (future indicative plural third-person)
do të kem dërmuar (first-person future indicative perfect singular)
do të kesh dërmuar (future indicative perfect second-person singular)
do të ketë dërmuar (future indicative perfect singular third-person)
do të kemi dërmuar (first-person future indicative perfect plural)
do të keni dërmuar (future indicative perfect plural second-person)
do të kenë dërmuar (future indicative perfect plural third-person)
të dërmoj (first-person present singular subjunctive)
të dërmosh (present second-person singular subjunctive)
të dërmojë (present singular subjunctive third-person)
të dërmojmë (first-person plural present subjunctive)
të dërmoni (plural present second-person subjunctive)
të dërmojnë (plural present subjunctive third-person)
të dërmoja (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
të dërmoje (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të dërmonte (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të dërmonim (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
të dërmonit (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të dërmonin (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
të kem dërmuar (first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
të kesh dërmuar (perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të ketë dërmuar (perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të kemi dërmuar (first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
të keni dërmuar (perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të kenë dërmuar (perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
të kisha dërmuar (first-person past perfect singular subjunctive)
të kishe dërmuar (past perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të kishte dërmuar (past perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të kishim dërmuar (first-person past perfect plural subjunctive)
të kishit dërmuar (past perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të kishin dërmuar (past perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
do të dërmoja (conditional first-person imperfect singular)
do të dërmoje (conditional imperfect second-person singular)
do të dërmonte (conditional imperfect singular third-person)
do të dërmonim (conditional first-person imperfect plural)
do të dërmonit (conditional imperfect plural second-person)
do të dërmonin (conditional imperfect plural third-person)
do të kisha dërmuar (conditional first-person past perfect singular)
do të kishe dërmuar (conditional past perfect second-person singular)
do të kishte dërmuar (conditional past perfect singular third-person)
do të kishim dërmuar (conditional first-person past perfect plural)
do të kishit dërmuar (conditional past perfect plural second-person)
do të kishin dërmuar (conditional past perfect plural third-person)
dërmofsha (first-person optative present singular)
dërmofsh (optative present second-person singular)
dërmoftë (optative present singular third-person)
dërmofshim (first-person optative plural present)
dërmofshi (optative plural present second-person)
dërmofshin (optative plural present third-person)
paça dërmuar (first-person optative perfect singular)
paç dërmuar (optative perfect second-person singular)
pastë dërmuar (optative perfect singular third-person)
paçim dërmuar (first-person optative perfect plural)
paçit dërmuar (optative perfect plural second-person)
paçin dërmuar (optative perfect plural third-person)
dërmuakam (admirative first-person present singular)
dërmuake (admirative present second-person singular)
dërmuaka (admirative present singular third-person)
dërmuakemi (admirative first-person plural present)
dërmuakeni (admirative plural present second-person)
dërmuakan (admirative plural present third-person)
dërmuakësha (admirative first-person imperfect singular)
dërmuakëshe (admirative imperfect second-person singular)
dërmuakësh (admirative imperfect singular third-person)
dërmuakëshim (admirative first-person imperfect plural)
dërmuakëshit (admirative imperfect plural second-person)
dërmuakëshin (admirative imperfect plural third-person)
paskam dërmuar (admirative first-person perfect singular)
paske dërmuar (admirative perfect second-person singular)
paska dërmuar (admirative perfect singular third-person)
paskemi dërmuar (admirative first-person perfect plural)
paskeni dërmuar (admirative perfect plural second-person)
paskan dërmuar (admirative perfect plural third-person)
paskësha dërmuar (admirative first-person past perfect singular)
paskëshe dërmuar (admirative past perfect second-person singular)
paskësh dërmuar (admirative past perfect singular third-person)
paskëshim dërmuar (admirative first-person past perfect plural)
paskëshit dërmuar (admirative past perfect plural second-person)
paskëshin dërmuar (admirative past perfect plural third-person)
dërmo (imperative present second-person singular)
dërmoni (imperative plural present second-person)

From *dromoj, a derivative of dromcë. Alternatively from Vulgar Latin *dērāmō, from Latin rāmus. Compare Romanian dărâma and Dalmatian dramur.


kurth

From dialectal kurpth (“clematis”), diminutive of dialectal kurp, kulp (“clematis”), originally "loop"; akin to Lithuanian ki̇̀lpa (“loop”). Cognate to Romanian cursă (“trap, snare”). Related to kulpër (“clematis”).


bishtajë

sq-noun

bishtajë f (plural bishtaja, definite bishtaja, definite plural bishtajat)

bishtaja (plural)
bishtaja (definite)
bishtajat (definite plural)
bishtajë (indefinite nominative singular)
bishtaja (definite nominative singular)
bishtaja (indefinite nominative plural)
bishtajat (definite nominative plural)
bishtajë (accusative indefinite singular)
bishtajën (accusative definite singular)
bishtaja (accusative indefinite plural)
bishtajat (accusative definite plural)
bishtaje (dative indefinite singular)
bishtajës (dative definite singular)
bishtajave (dative indefinite plural)
bishtajave (dative definite plural)
bishtaje (ablative indefinite singular)
bishtajës (ablative definite singular)
bishtajash (ablative indefinite plural)
bishtajave (ablative definite plural)

Uncertain, but cognate to Romanian păstaie (“pod”), Aromanian pãstalji (“pod”):
* Possibly borrowed from Vulgar Latin *pī̆stālia (whence also the (A)Romanian words), from Late Latin pī̆stāre (“to pound”), frequentative of Latin pīnsāre (“to stamp, pound, crush”), but this is semantically questionable.
* An alternative proposal is from bisht (“tail”) + -ajë.
* Finally, may be of the same Iranian origin as Latin pistacium (“pistacchio”), Ancient Greek πιστάκιον (pistákion), βιστάκιον (bistákion), Persian بسته (boste, “nut”), Sanskrit बुस्त (busta, “husk or shell of fruit”).


rosë

rosa (plural)
rosë (indefinite nominative singular)
rosa (definite nominative singular)
rosa (indefinite nominative plural)
rosat (definite nominative plural)
rosë (accusative indefinite singular)
rosën (accusative definite singular)
rosa (accusative indefinite plural)
rosat (accusative definite plural)
roseje (dative indefinite singular)
rosës (dative definite singular)
rosave (dative indefinite plural)
rosave (dative definite plural)
roseje (ablative indefinite singular)
rosës (ablative definite singular)
rosash (ablative indefinite plural)
rosave (ablative definite plural)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énh₂ts ~ *h₂n̥h₂tés (“duck”), through an *ih₂-stem variant *h₂néh₂t-ih₂ ~ *h₂n̥h₂t-yéh₂ (eventually *anātyā), an innovation similar to those found in Ancient Greek νῆττα (nêtta) and Sanskrit आति (ātí). The change from n-r can be attributed to rhotacism. Cognates in closely akin Paleo-Balkan languages were lent into Romanian rață (“duck”) and Slovene ráca (“duck”).


dhallë

dhalli (definite)
dhallë (indefinite nominative singular)
dhalli (definite nominative singular)
dhallë (accusative indefinite singular)
dhallin (accusative definite singular)
dhalli (indefinite singular)
dhallit (definite singular)
llallë (alternative)

→ Aromanian: dhalã

From Proto-Albanian *dzalā, from earlier *dzalakta, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵlákt (gen. *ǵlaktós). Compare Old Armenian կաթն (katʻn), Ancient Greek γάλα (gála, “milk”), Hittite 𒂵𒆷𒀝𒋻 (galaktar, “balm, resin”), Latin lac (“milk, milky juice”), Waigali zōr (“milk”) and the irregular Romanian zară.


magar

Most probably derived from a substrate along with Romanian măgar. Alternatively from *margar, from *margë, from Gothic *𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌷𐍃 (*marhs, “horse”), from Proto-Germanic *marhaz, from Proto-Indo-European *márkos (“horse”), even though the existence of this root is controversial.


cjap

sq-noun

cjap m (plural cjep, definite cjapi, definite plural cjeptë)

cjep (plural)
cjapi (definite)
cjeptë (definite plural)
cjap (indefinite nominative singular)
cjapi (definite nominative singular)
cjep (indefinite nominative plural)
cjeptë (definite nominative plural)
cjap (accusative indefinite singular)
cjapin (accusative definite singular)
cjep (accusative indefinite plural)
cjeptë (accusative definite plural)
cjapi (dative indefinite singular)
cjapit (dative definite singular)
cjepve (dative indefinite plural)
cjepve (dative definite plural)
cjapi (ablative indefinite singular)
cjapit (ablative definite singular)
cjepsh (ablative indefinite plural)
cjepve (ablative definite plural)
cap (alternative)
sqap (alternative)
cqap (alternative)
cabe (alternative)
sjap (alternative)
skjap (alternative)
cujap (alternative)
thjap (alternative)
cijap (alternative)

→ Greek: τσάπος (tsápos)

Vast majority of linguist are split between two main etymologies, either from an Indoeuropean-Mediterranean source, the same source as Romanian țap, Italian zappo, Proto-Germanic *skēpą, Old Ruthenian цапъ (cap), proposed by Meyer-Lübke, or from a paleo-Balkan stratum, related to the herding calls made to the goats, i.e. cap-cap in Albanian, τσάπ-τσάπ in modern Greek, etc., proposed by Rohlfs.
Wide spread word with many variants. Early Gheg authors Buzuku, Bardhi, and Bogdani use the variant sjap, still surviving today in Gjakova, Arbanasi, etc. dialects.

Coordinate term: dhi (“she-goat”)


kapak

kapak m (plural kapakë, definite kapaku, definite plural kapakët)

kapakë (plural)
kapaku (definite)
kapakët (definite plural)
kapak (indefinite nominative singular)
kapaku (definite nominative singular)
kapakë (indefinite nominative plural)
kapakët (definite nominative plural)
kapak (accusative indefinite singular)
kapakun (accusative definite singular)
kapakë (accusative indefinite plural)
kapakët (accusative definite plural)
kapaku (dative indefinite singular)
kapakut (dative definite singular)
kapakëve (dative indefinite plural)
kapakëve (dative definite plural)
kapaku (ablative indefinite singular)
kapakut (ablative definite singular)
kapakësh (ablative indefinite plural)
kapakëve (ablative definite plural)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish قپاق (kapak), from verb قاپامق (kapamak).


shtrembër

head

i shtrembër (feminine plural të shtrembëra)

i shtrembër (canonical)
të shtrembëra (feminine plural)
shtremb (alternative)
shtramër (alternative)
shtramt (alternative)
shtremën (alternative)
shtremt (alternative)
sctrễmnii (alternative)
sctrễmt (alternative)


aspirina

inflection of aspirinë:
definite nominative singular

inflection of aspirinë:
indefinite nominative/accusative plural


tufa

inflection of tufë:
definite nominative singular

inflection of tufë:
indefinite nominative/accusative plural


vatër

sq-noun

vatër f (plural vatra, definite vatra, definite plural vatrat)

vatra (plural)
vatra (definite)
vatrat (definite plural)
vatër (indefinite nominative singular)
vatra (definite nominative singular)
vatra (indefinite nominative plural)
vatrat (definite nominative plural)
vatër (accusative indefinite singular)
vatrën (accusative definite singular)
vatra (accusative indefinite plural)
vatrat (accusative definite plural)
vatre (dative indefinite singular)
vatrës (dative definite singular)
vatrave (dative indefinite plural)
vatrave (dative definite plural)
vatre (ablative indefinite singular)
vatrës (ablative definite singular)
vatrash (ablative indefinite plural)
vatrave (ablative definite plural)
votër (alternative Gheg)

→ Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: vatrã, veatrã

Istro-Romanian: votrę

Megleno-Romanian: vatră

Romanian: vatră
→ Gagauz: vatra

→ Hungarian: vatra (dialectal)

→ Romani:

Balkan Romani: vatra — Crimean

Carpathian Romani: vatra — East Slovak

Vlax Romani: vatra — Kalderaš, Lovara

→ Slavic:

Bulgarian: ва́тра (vátra) (dialectal)

Czech: vatra

Polish: watra (dialectal)

desc

vȁtra//ва̏тра

Serbo-Croatian: vȁtra /ва̏тра

Ukrainian: ва́тра (vátra) (dialectal)

Vladimir I. Georgiev
Vladimir Orel
de:Brian D. Joseph
uk:Мельничук Олександр Савич

Likely inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₁ter- (“fire”), whence also Proto-Iranian *HáHtr̥š (“fire”) and Latin āter (“black, darkened *(by fire)”), ātrium (“room *(where the fireplace is)”). Also found in Balkan Romance and most Slavic languages, although the presence of va- ~ vo- originating from earlier *o (cf. vadhë, varfër, vesh, etc.), itself from earlier *ā, reveals it as an originally Albanian term, later borrowed in its Tosk form into the other languages. It arrived in some Slavic languages likely through Balkan Romance. An early borrowing from Latin āter, ātrium, although it cannot be entirely ruled out, is improbable, while a borrowing from Iranian is deemed unlikely due to geographical-historical reasons and the semantic field of the term.
Compare French foyer and German Fokus, Brennpunkt for the scientifical senses.

cog

vatër zjarri

vatër furre

hearth, hearthstone (of an oven, stove, etc.)

vatër kulture

vatër malarieje

(medicine) main location of an infection or disease

një vatër miq


beden

bedén (canonical masculine)
beden (indefinite nominative singular)
bedeni (definite nominative singular)
bedena (indefinite nominative plural)
bedenat (definite nominative plural)
beden (accusative indefinite singular)
bedenin (accusative definite singular)
bedena (accusative indefinite plural)
bedenat (accusative definite plural)
bedeni (dative indefinite singular)
bedenit (dative definite singular)
bedenave (dative indefinite plural)
bedenave (dative definite plural)
bedeni (ablative indefinite singular)
bedenit (ablative definite singular)
bedenash (ablative indefinite plural)
bedenave (ablative definite plural)


nasip

sq-noun

nasip m (plural nasipa, definite nasipi, definite plural nasipat)

nasipa (plural)
nasipi (definite)
nasipat (definite plural)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish نصیب (nasib). First attested in 1685.


dil

second-person singular imperative of dal


pehar

sq-noun

pehar m (plural peharë, definite pehari, definite plural peharët)

peharë (plural)
pehari (definite)
peharët (definite plural)

From Serbo-Croatian pehar (“cup”), from Old High German pehhari (compare German Becher), from Late Latin pīcārium (variant of bīcārium), possibly from bacarium, or from Ancient Greek βίκος (bíkos). Compare also German Becher, Italian bicchiere, English pitcher and beaker.


tek

From Proto-Albanian *tai ̊, from *te ku (< tóy- kʷu-) ‘there where’, from Proto-Indo-European *to- (“it”). Also occurs as a preposition with the meaning ‘ad, apud, prope, versus’. See also te.


fjalor

fjalor (indefinite nominative singular)
fjalori (definite nominative singular)
fjalorë (indefinite nominative plural)
fjalorët (definite nominative plural)
fjalor (accusative indefinite singular)
fjalorin (accusative definite singular)
fjalorë (accusative indefinite plural)
fjalorët (accusative definite plural)
fjalori (dative indefinite singular)
fjalorit (dative definite singular)
fjalorëve (dative indefinite plural)
fjalorëve (dative definite plural)
fjalori (ablative indefinite singular)
fjalorit (ablative definite singular)
fjalorësh (ablative indefinite plural)
fjalorëve (ablative definite plural)

fjalor shqip


korp

korpe (plural)
korpi (definite)
korb (alternative Tosk)


vakt

vakt (indefinite nominative singular)
vakti (definite nominative singular)
vakte (indefinite nominative plural)
vaktet (definite nominative plural)
vakt (accusative indefinite singular)
vaktin (accusative definite singular)
vakte (accusative indefinite plural)
vaktet (accusative definite plural)
vakti (dative indefinite singular)
vaktit (dative definite singular)
vakteve (dative indefinite plural)
vakteve (dative definite plural)
vakti (ablative indefinite singular)
vaktit (ablative definite singular)
vaktesh (ablative indefinite plural)
vakteve (ablative definite plural)
vaft (alternative)
vaht (alternative)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish وقت (vakt), from Arabic وَقْت (waqt).

vakt m (plural vakte, definite vakti, definite plural vaktet)

vâkth m (plural vâkthe, definite vâkthi, definite plural vâkthet) (Gheg)

S'kam vakt për...

Vakti për...

(obsolete, dialect) time, period, moment, era; age (when associated with a person and stage of life)

leisure(time), pause, resting, break (bedtime, sleeptime)

meal(time), repast (time when eating; breakfast, mealtime, lunch, dinner, supper)

good condition, lucky position/situation; (afford)ability; fortune, fate


dema

indefinite nominative/accusative plural of dem


ende

Historically identical with edhe. Compare Danish end (“but”), Icelandic enn (“still, yet”).


talla

inflection of tallë:
definite nominative singular

inflection of tallë:
indefinite nominative/accusative plural


gj

The eleventh letter of the Albanian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


ling

From Proto-Albanian *linga, from Proto-Indo-European *leig-. Compare English lark (“to frolic”), Lithuanian láigyti (“to run around wildly”), Ancient Greek ἐλελίζω (elelízō, “to whirl around”).


cene

indefinite nominative/accusative plural of cen


profesor

profesór (canonical masculine)
profesor (indefinite nominative singular)
profesori (definite nominative singular)
profesorë (indefinite nominative plural)
profesorët (definite nominative plural)
profesor (accusative indefinite singular)
profesorin (accusative definite singular)
profesorë (accusative indefinite plural)
profesorët (accusative definite plural)
profesori (dative indefinite singular)
profesorit (dative definite singular)
profesorëve (dative indefinite plural)
profesorëve (dative definite plural)
profesori (ablative indefinite singular)
profesorit (ablative definite singular)
profesorësh (ablative indefinite plural)
profesorëve (ablative definite plural)


gjelbër

i gjelbër (canonical)
të gjelbra (feminine plural)

Borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin galbinus. Compare Romanian galben.


loc

sq-noun

loc m (plural loce, definite locja, definite plural locet)

loce (plural)
locja (definite)
locet (definite plural)

From Proto-Albanian *lātjā, from the same root as lot (“teardrop”).


prill

Borrowed from Vulgar Latin, from Latin Aprīlis. Compare popular Romanian prier (“April”), Aromanian aprir, prilj.


murri

inflection of murr:
definite nominative singular


debil

Learned borrowing from Latin debilis (“weak, frail, feeble”).


duk

See medio-passive voice form duket (“it seems like, appears like”).


duk

duk (aorist)
dukur (participle)
dukur (participle)
duke dukur (gerund present)
duke pasë dukur (gerund perfect)
për të dukur (infinitive present)
për të pasë dukur (infinitive perfect)
duk (first-person indicative present singular)
duk (indicative present second-person singular)
duk (indicative present singular third-person)
dukim (first-person indicative plural present)
dukni (indicative plural present second-person)
dukin (indicative plural present third-person)
po duk (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
po duk (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
po duk (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
po dukim (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
po dukni (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
po dukin (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
dukja (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
dukje (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
dukte (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
duknim (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
duknit (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
duknin (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
po dukja (first-person imperfect indicative progressive singular)
po dukje (imperfect indicative progressive second-person singular)
po dukte (imperfect indicative progressive singular third-person)
po duknim (first-person imperfect indicative plural progressive)
po duknit (imperfect indicative plural progressive second-person)
po duknin (imperfect indicative plural progressive third-person)
duka (aorist first-person indicative singular)
duke (aorist indicative second-person singular)
duk (aorist indicative singular third-person)
dukëm (aorist first-person indicative plural)
dukët (aorist indicative plural second-person)
dukën (aorist indicative plural third-person)
kam dukur (first-person indicative perfect singular)
ke dukur (indicative perfect second-person singular)
ka dukur (indicative perfect singular third-person)
kemi dukur (first-person indicative perfect plural)
keni dukur (indicative perfect plural second-person)
kanë dukur (indicative perfect plural third-person)
kisha dukur (first-person indicative past past-i perfect singular)
kishe dukur (indicative past past-i perfect second-person singular)
kishte dukur (indicative past past-i perfect singular third-person)
kishim dukur (first-person indicative past past-i perfect plural)
kishit dukur (indicative past past-i perfect plural second-person)
kishin dukur (indicative past past-i perfect plural third-person)
pata dukur (first-person indicative past past-ii perfect singular)
pate dukur (indicative past past-ii perfect second-person singular)
pat dukur (indicative past past-ii perfect singular third-person)
pati dukur (indicative past past-ii perfect singular third-person)
patëm dukur (first-person indicative past past-ii perfect plural)
patët dukur (indicative past past-ii perfect plural second-person)
patën dukur (indicative past past-ii perfect plural third-person)
do të duk (first-person future future-i indicative singular)
do të dukësh (future future-i indicative second-person singular)
do të dukë (future future-i indicative singular third-person)
do të dukim (first-person future future-i indicative plural)
do të dukni (future future-i indicative plural second-person)
do të dukin (future future-i indicative plural third-person)
kam për të dukur (first-person future future-ii indicative singular)
ke për të dukur (future future-ii indicative second-person singular)
ka për të dukur (future future-ii indicative singular third-person)
kemi për të dukur (first-person future future-ii indicative plural)
keni për të dukur (future future-ii indicative plural second-person)
kanë për të dukur (future future-ii indicative plural third-person)
do të kem dukur (first-person future future-i indicative perfect singular)
do të kesh dukur (future future-i indicative perfect second-person singular)
do të ke dukur (future future-i indicative perfect singular third-person)
do të kemi dukur (first-person future future-i indicative perfect plural)
do të keni dukur (future future-i indicative perfect plural second-person)
do të kenë dukur (future future-i indicative perfect plural third-person)
kam për të pasë dukur (first-person future future-ii indicative perfect singular)
ke për të pasë dukur (future future-ii indicative perfect second-person singular)
ka për të pasë dukur (future future-ii indicative perfect singular third-person)
kemi për të pasë dukur (first-person future future-ii indicative perfect plural)
keni për të pasë dukur (future future-ii indicative perfect plural second-person)
kanë për të pasë dukur (future future-ii indicative perfect plural third-person)
të duk (first-person present singular subjunctive)
të dukesh (present second-person singular subjunctive)
të dukë (present singular subjunctive third-person)
të dukim (first-person plural present subjunctive)
të dukni (plural present second-person subjunctive)
të dukin (plural present subjunctive third-person)
të dukja (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
të dukje (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të dukte (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të duknim (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
të duknit (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të duknin (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
të kem dukur (first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
të kesh dukur (perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të ketë dukur (perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të kemi dukur (first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
të keni dukur (perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të kenë dukur (perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
të kisha dukur (first-person past perfect singular subjunctive)
të kishe dukur (past perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të kishte dukur (past perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të kishim dukur (first-person past perfect plural subjunctive)
të kishit dukur (past perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të kishin dukur (past perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
do të dukja (conditional first-person present singular)
do të dukje (conditional present second-person singular)
do të dukte (conditional present singular third-person)
do të duknim (conditional first-person plural present)
do të duknit (conditional plural present second-person)
do të duknin (conditional plural present third-person)
do të kisha dukur (conditional first-person perfect singular)
do të kishe dukur (conditional perfect second-person singular)
do të kishte dukur (conditional perfect singular third-person)
do të kishim dukur (conditional first-person perfect plural)
do të kishit dukur (conditional perfect plural second-person)
do të kishin dukur (conditional perfect plural third-person)
duksha (conditional first-person optative present singular)
duksh (conditional optative present second-person singular)
duktë (conditional optative present singular third-person)
dukshim (conditional first-person optative plural present)
dukshi (conditional optative plural present second-person)
dukshin (conditional optative plural present third-person)
paça dukur (conditional first-person optative perfect singular)
paç dukur (conditional optative perfect second-person singular)
pastë dukur (conditional optative perfect singular third-person)
paçim dukur (conditional first-person optative perfect plural)
paçi dukur (conditional optative perfect plural second-person)
paçin dukur (conditional optative perfect plural third-person)
dukam (admirative first-person present singular)
duke (admirative present second-person singular)
duka (admirative present singular third-person)
dukemi (admirative first-person plural present)
dukeni (admirative plural present second-person)
dukan (admirative plural present third-person)
dukësha (admirative first-person imperfect singular)
dukëshe (admirative imperfect second-person singular)
dukësh (admirative imperfect singular third-person)
dukej (admirative imperfect singular third-person)
dukëshim (admirative first-person imperfect plural)
dukëshit (admirative imperfect plural second-person)
dukëshin (admirative imperfect plural third-person)
paskam dukur (admirative first-person perfect singular)
paske dukur (admirative perfect second-person singular)
paska dukur (admirative perfect singular third-person)
paskemi dukur (admirative first-person perfect plural)
paskeni dukur (admirative perfect plural second-person)
paskan dukur (admirative perfect plural third-person)
paskësha dukur (admirative first-person pluperfect singular)
paskëshe dukur (admirative pluperfect second-person singular)
paskësh dukur (admirative pluperfect singular third-person)
paskej dukur (admirative pluperfect singular third-person)
paskëshim dukur (admirative first-person pluperfect plural)
paskëshit dukur (admirative pluperfect plural second-person)
paskëshin dukur (admirative pluperfect plural third-person)
Duk! (imperative second-person singular)
Dok! (imperative second-person singular)
Dukni! (imperative plural second-person)
Dokni! (imperative plural second-person)
Mos duk! (imperative negative second-person singular)
Mos dukni! (imperative negative plural second-person)
Mos dokni! (imperative negative plural second-person)
dok (alternative)


deri

Possibly a reduced form of ndjerë or one of its variants.

teri (alternative Gheg)
dej (alternative Gheg)


verza

inflection of verzë:
definite nominative singular

inflection of verzë:
indefinite nominative/accusative plural


berr

sq-noun

berr m (plural berra, definite berri, definite plural berrat)

berra (plural)
berri (definite)
berrat (definite plural)
berr (indefinite nominative singular)
berri (definite nominative singular)
berra (indefinite nominative plural)
berrat (definite nominative plural)
berr (accusative indefinite singular)
berrin (accusative definite singular)
berra (accusative indefinite plural)
berrat (accusative definite plural)
berri (dative indefinite singular)
berrit (dative definite singular)
berrave (dative indefinite plural)
berrave (dative definite plural)
berri (ablative indefinite singular)
berrit (ablative definite singular)
berrash (ablative indefinite plural)
berrave (ablative definite plural)

From Proto-Albanian *barwa, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰorwos. Compare English barrow (“castrated boar”), Serbo-Croatian brâv (“male sheep or goat”).


lut

luta (aorist)
lutur (participle)
lutur (participle)
duke lutur (gerund)
për të lutur (infinitive)
lut (first-person indicative present singular)
lut (indicative present second-person singular)
lut (indicative present singular third-person)
lutim (first-person indicative plural present)
lutni (indicative plural present second-person)
lutin (indicative plural present third-person)
lutja (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
lutje (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
lutte (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
lutnim (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
lutnit (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
lutnin (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
luta (aorist first-person indicative singular)
lute (aorist indicative second-person singular)
luti (aorist indicative singular third-person)
lutëm (aorist first-person indicative plural)
lutët (aorist indicative plural second-person)
lutën (aorist indicative plural third-person)
kam lutur (first-person indicative perfect singular)
ke lutur (indicative perfect second-person singular)
ka lutur (indicative perfect singular third-person)
kemi lutur (first-person indicative perfect plural)
keni lutur (indicative perfect plural second-person)
kanë lutur (indicative perfect plural third-person)
kisha lutur (first-person indicative past perfect singular)
kishe lutur (indicative past perfect second-person singular)
kishte lutur (indicative past perfect singular third-person)
kishim lutur (first-person indicative past perfect plural)
kishit lutur (indicative past perfect plural second-person)
kishin lutur (indicative past perfect plural third-person)
pata lutur (first-person indicative singular)
pate lutur (indicative second-person singular)
pati lutur (indicative singular third-person)
patëm lutur (first-person indicative plural)
patët lutur (indicative plural second-person)
patën lutur (indicative plural third-person)
do të lut (first-person future indicative singular)
do të lutësh (future indicative second-person singular)
do të lutë (future indicative singular third-person)
do të lutim (first-person future indicative plural)
do të lutni (future indicative plural second-person)
do të lutin (future indicative plural third-person)
do të kem lutur (first-person future indicative perfect singular)
do të kesh lutur (future indicative perfect second-person singular)
do të ketë lutur (future indicative perfect singular third-person)
do të kemi lutur (first-person future indicative perfect plural)
do të keni lutur (future indicative perfect plural second-person)
do të kenë lutur (future indicative perfect plural third-person)
të lut (first-person present singular subjunctive)
të lutësh (present second-person singular subjunctive)
të lutë (present singular subjunctive third-person)
të lutim (first-person plural present subjunctive)
të lutni (plural present second-person subjunctive)
të lutin (plural present subjunctive third-person)
të lutja (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
të lutje (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të lutte (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të lutnim (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
të lutnit (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të lutnin (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
të kem lutur (first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
të kesh lutur (perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të ketë lutur (perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të kemi lutur (first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
të keni lutur (perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të kenë lutur (perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
të kisha lutur (first-person past perfect singular subjunctive)
të kishe lutur (past perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të kishte lutur (past perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të kishim lutur (first-person past perfect plural subjunctive)
të kishit lutur (past perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të kishin lutur (past perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
do të lutja (conditional first-person imperfect singular)
do të lutje (conditional imperfect second-person singular)
do të lutte (conditional imperfect singular third-person)
do të lutnim (conditional first-person imperfect plural)
do të lutnit (conditional imperfect plural second-person)
do të lutnin (conditional imperfect plural third-person)
do të kisha lutur (conditional first-person past perfect singular)
do të kishe lutur (conditional past perfect second-person singular)
do të kishte lutur (conditional past perfect singular third-person)
do të kishim lutur (conditional first-person past perfect plural)
do të kishit lutur (conditional past perfect plural second-person)
do të kishin lutur (conditional past perfect plural third-person)
lutsha (first-person optative present singular)
lutsh (optative present second-person singular)
luttë (optative present singular third-person)
lutshim (first-person optative plural present)
lutshi (optative plural present second-person)
lutshin (optative plural present third-person)
paça lutur (first-person optative perfect singular)
paç lutur (optative perfect second-person singular)
pastë lutur (optative perfect singular third-person)
paçim lutur (first-person optative perfect plural)
paçit lutur (optative perfect plural second-person)
paçin lutur (optative perfect plural third-person)
lutkam (admirative first-person present singular)
lutke (admirative present second-person singular)
lutka (admirative present singular third-person)
lutkemi (admirative first-person plural present)
lutkeni (admirative plural present second-person)
lutkan (admirative plural present third-person)
lutkësha (admirative first-person imperfect singular)
lutkëshe (admirative imperfect second-person singular)
lutkësh (admirative imperfect singular third-person)
lutkëshim (admirative first-person imperfect plural)
lutkëshit (admirative imperfect plural second-person)
lutkëshin (admirative imperfect plural third-person)
paskam lutur (admirative first-person perfect singular)
paske lutur (admirative perfect second-person singular)
paska lutur (admirative perfect singular third-person)
paskemi lutur (admirative first-person perfect plural)
paskeni lutur (admirative perfect plural second-person)
paskan lutur (admirative perfect plural third-person)
paskësha lutur (admirative first-person past perfect singular)
paskëshe lutur (admirative past perfect second-person singular)
paskësh lutur (admirative past perfect singular third-person)
paskëshim lutur (admirative first-person past perfect plural)
paskëshit lutur (admirative past perfect plural second-person)
paskëshin lutur (admirative past perfect plural third-person)
lut (imperative present second-person singular)
lutni (imperative plural present second-person)
lus (alternative)

From Proto-Albanian *lutśi-, from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewt-, *lewdʰ- (“song, sound”), from Proto-Indo-European *lew- (“to sound, resound, sing out”). Cognate to Latin laudo (“to praise”) and others. Alternatively, from Proto-Indo-European *lewd- (“to duck; feign”). Compare Proto-Germanic *lutōną (“to conceal”) (whence English lote, Gothic 𐌻𐌿𐍄𐍉𐌽 (lutōn, “cheat, deceive”)), Lithuanian liūstù (“to be sad”).

der

(transitive) to request, (kindly) ask for; to plead, to beg


umbi

inflection of umb:
definite nominative singular

inflection of umb:
indefinite dative/ablative singular


tij

head

i tij m (feminine e tij, masculine plural e tij, feminine plural e tija)

i tij (canonical masculine)
e tij (feminine)
e tij (masculine plural)
e tija (feminine plural)
i tij (masculine nominative singular)
e tij (feminine nominative singular)
e tij (masculine nominative plural)
e tija (feminine nominative plural)
e tij (accusative masculine singular)
e tij (accusative feminine singular)
e tij (accusative masculine plural)
e tija (accusative feminine plural)
të tij (ablative dative genitive masculine singular)
së tij (ablative dative feminine genitive singular)
të tij (ablative dative genitive masculine plural)
të tija (ablative dative feminine genitive plural)


rus

gjuha ruse


mih

miha (aorist)
mihur (participle)
mihur (participle)
duke mihur (gerund)
për të mihur (infinitive)
mih (first-person indicative present singular)
mih (indicative present second-person singular)
mih (indicative present singular third-person)
mihim (first-person indicative plural present)
mihni (indicative plural present second-person)
mihin (indicative plural present third-person)
mihja (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
mihje (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
mihte (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
mihnim (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
mihnit (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
mihnin (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
miha (aorist first-person indicative singular)
mihe (aorist indicative second-person singular)
mihi (aorist indicative singular third-person)
mihëm (aorist first-person indicative plural)
mihët (aorist indicative plural second-person)
mihën (aorist indicative plural third-person)
kam mihur (first-person indicative perfect singular)
ke mihur (indicative perfect second-person singular)
ka mihur (indicative perfect singular third-person)
kemi mihur (first-person indicative perfect plural)
keni mihur (indicative perfect plural second-person)
kanë mihur (indicative perfect plural third-person)
kisha mihur (first-person indicative past perfect singular)
kishe mihur (indicative past perfect second-person singular)
kishte mihur (indicative past perfect singular third-person)
kishim mihur (first-person indicative past perfect plural)
kishit mihur (indicative past perfect plural second-person)
kishin mihur (indicative past perfect plural third-person)
pata mihur (first-person indicative singular)
pate mihur (indicative second-person singular)
pati mihur (indicative singular third-person)
patëm mihur (first-person indicative plural)
patët mihur (indicative plural second-person)
patën mihur (indicative plural third-person)
do të mih (first-person future indicative singular)
do të mihësh (future indicative second-person singular)
do të mihë (future indicative singular third-person)
do të mihim (first-person future indicative plural)
do të mihni (future indicative plural second-person)
do të mihin (future indicative plural third-person)
do të kem mihur (first-person future indicative perfect singular)
do të kesh mihur (future indicative perfect second-person singular)
do të ketë mihur (future indicative perfect singular third-person)
do të kemi mihur (first-person future indicative perfect plural)
do të keni mihur (future indicative perfect plural second-person)
do të kenë mihur (future indicative perfect plural third-person)
të mih (first-person present singular subjunctive)
të mihësh (present second-person singular subjunctive)
të mihë (present singular subjunctive third-person)
të mihim (first-person plural present subjunctive)
të mihni (plural present second-person subjunctive)
të mihin (plural present subjunctive third-person)
të mihja (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
të mihje (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të mihte (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të mihnim (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
të mihnit (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të mihnin (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
të kem mihur (first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
të kesh mihur (perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të ketë mihur (perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të kemi mihur (first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
të keni mihur (perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të kenë mihur (perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
të kisha mihur (first-person past perfect singular subjunctive)
të kishe mihur (past perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të kishte mihur (past perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të kishim mihur (first-person past perfect plural subjunctive)
të kishit mihur (past perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të kishin mihur (past perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
do të mihja (conditional first-person imperfect singular)
do të mihje (conditional imperfect second-person singular)
do të mihte (conditional imperfect singular third-person)
do të mihnim (conditional first-person imperfect plural)
do të mihnit (conditional imperfect plural second-person)
do të mihnin (conditional imperfect plural third-person)
do të kisha mihur (conditional first-person past perfect singular)
do të kishe mihur (conditional past perfect second-person singular)
do të kishte mihur (conditional past perfect singular third-person)
do të kishim mihur (conditional first-person past perfect plural)
do të kishit mihur (conditional past perfect plural second-person)
do të kishin mihur (conditional past perfect plural third-person)
mihsha (first-person optative present singular)
mihsh (optative present second-person singular)
mihtë (optative present singular third-person)
mihshim (first-person optative plural present)
mihshi (optative plural present second-person)
mihshin (optative plural present third-person)
paça mihur (first-person optative perfect singular)
paç mihur (optative perfect second-person singular)
pastë mihur (optative perfect singular third-person)
paçim mihur (first-person optative perfect plural)
paçit mihur (optative perfect plural second-person)
paçin mihur (optative perfect plural third-person)
mihkam (admirative first-person present singular)
mihke (admirative present second-person singular)
mihka (admirative present singular third-person)
mihkemi (admirative first-person plural present)
mihkeni (admirative plural present second-person)
mihkan (admirative plural present third-person)
mihkësha (admirative first-person imperfect singular)
mihkëshe (admirative imperfect second-person singular)
mihkësh (admirative imperfect singular third-person)
mihkëshim (admirative first-person imperfect plural)
mihkëshit (admirative imperfect plural second-person)
mihkëshin (admirative imperfect plural third-person)
paskam mihur (admirative first-person perfect singular)
paske mihur (admirative perfect second-person singular)
paska mihur (admirative perfect singular third-person)
paskemi mihur (admirative first-person perfect plural)
paskeni mihur (admirative perfect plural second-person)
paskan mihur (admirative perfect plural third-person)
paskësha mihur (admirative first-person past perfect singular)
paskëshe mihur (admirative past perfect second-person singular)
paskësh mihur (admirative past perfect singular third-person)
paskëshim mihur (admirative first-person past perfect plural)
paskëshit mihur (admirative past perfect plural second-person)
paskëshin mihur (admirative past perfect plural third-person)
mih (imperative present second-person singular)
mihni (imperative plural present second-person)

From Proto-Albanian *meik-sko, from Proto-Indo-European *meyḱ- (“to mix”) (cognate with Ancient Greek μείξω (meíxō, “mix, mingle”), Latin misceō (“mix”), Old High German miskan (“mix”)), or alternatively from Proto-Albanian *smeid-sko, from Proto-Indo-European *smēy-, *smī- (“to cut, hew”), in which case cognate with Proto-Germanic *smiþaz (“arranger, smith”) (English smith).


Martini

nominative singular definite of Martin. a male given name from Latin, equivalent to English Martin

Angela Martini (Albanian-Swiss model, beauty pageant titleholder, life coach, movie producer and author)


lon

Unknown. Compare Arabic عَلَم (ʕalam). The standard Albanian equivalent is flamur.


dreng

Variant of drenjë, from Proto-Indo-European *dreu- (“tree”). Occurs in Cham Albanian.


dashuri

dashurí (canonical feminine)
dashuria (definite)
dashuri (indefinite nominative singular)
dashuria (definite nominative singular)
dashuri (accusative indefinite singular)
dashurinë (accusative definite singular)
dashurie (indefinite singular)
dashurisë (definite singular)
dashni (alternative)

From dashur, participle of dua (“to love”).


varg

varg (indefinite nominative singular)
vargu (definite nominative singular)
vargje (indefinite nominative plural)
vargjet (definite nominative plural)
varg (accusative indefinite singular)
vargun (accusative definite singular)
vargje (accusative indefinite plural)
vargjet (accusative definite plural)
vargu (dative indefinite singular)
vargut (dative definite singular)
vargjeve (dative indefinite plural)
vargjeve (dative definite plural)
vargu (ablative indefinite singular)
vargut (ablative definite singular)
vargjesh (ablative indefinite plural)
vargjeve (ablative definite plural)

From var, a formation with -g suffix, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wer- (“to bind, hang (up)”).


zarf

sq-noun

zarf m (plural zarfe, definite zarfi, definite plural zarfet)

zarfe (plural)
zarfi (definite)
zarfet (definite plural)
zarf (indefinite nominative singular)
zarfi (definite nominative singular)
zarfe (indefinite nominative plural)
zarfet (definite nominative plural)
zarf (accusative indefinite singular)
zarfin (accusative definite singular)
zarfe (accusative indefinite plural)
zarfet (accusative definite plural)
zarfi (dative indefinite singular)
zarfit (dative definite singular)
zarfeve (dative indefinite plural)
zarfeve (dative definite plural)
zarfi (ablative indefinite singular)
zarfit (ablative definite singular)
zarfesh (ablative indefinite plural)
zarfeve (ablative definite plural)

Likely from Ottoman Turkish ظرف, ultimately from Arabic ظَرْف (ẓarf, “container”).


halla

inflection of hallë:
definite nominative singular

inflection of hallë:
indefinite nominative/accusative plural


molle

indefinite dative/ablative singular of mollë


copan

copán m (plural copanë, definite copani, definite plural copanët)

copán (canonical masculine)
copanë (plural)
copani (definite)
copanët (definite plural)
copan (indefinite nominative singular)
copani (definite nominative singular)
copanë (indefinite nominative plural)
copanët (definite nominative plural)
copan (accusative indefinite singular)
copanin (accusative definite singular)
copanë (accusative indefinite plural)
copanët (accusative definite plural)
copani (dative indefinite singular)
copanit (dative definite singular)
copanëve (dative indefinite plural)
copanëve (dative definite plural)
copani (ablative indefinite singular)
copanit (ablative definite singular)
copanësh (ablative indefinite plural)
copanëve (ablative definite plural)

From Italian zappone (“mattock”). Related to capë (“claw mattock”).

(regional) type of pickaxe (in Northeastern Gheg in Montenegro )


nus

A Gheg word. From Proto-Albanian *snutja, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)neh₁- (“to turn, to spin”). Cognate to Sanskrit स्नावन् (snāvan, “band, sinew”).


kaçurrel

Orel suggests a derivation from Proto-Slavic *kočura (“hummock”), which is otherwise unattested in South Slavic and poses semantic problems. Topalli argued an internal formation from çurrel (“thin stream of water”).


mên

mêntë (plural)
mend (alternative Tosk)
mând (alternative)
mênd (alternative)


Elton

Elton (indefinite nominative singular)
Eltoni (definite nominative singular)
Elton (accusative indefinite singular)
Eltonin (accusative definite singular)
Eltoni (indefinite singular)
Eltonit (definite singular)


kem

From Proto-Albanian *kapna, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷh₂wep- (“smoke, seethe”) (compare Ancient Greek καπνός (kapnós, “smoke”), Polish kopeć (“soot”)).


kub

kub (indefinite nominative singular)
kubi (definite nominative singular)
kube (indefinite nominative plural)
kubet (definite nominative plural)
kub (accusative indefinite singular)
kubin (accusative definite singular)
kube (accusative indefinite plural)
kubet (accusative definite plural)
kubi (dative indefinite singular)
kubit (dative definite singular)
kubeve (dative indefinite plural)
kubeve (dative definite plural)
kubi (ablative indefinite singular)
kubit (ablative definite singular)
kubesh (ablative indefinite plural)
kubeve (ablative definite plural)

(mathematics) a third power of a number or expression


mua

From Proto-Albanian *moN, from Proto-Indo-European *me- (“me”).


lera

inflection of lerë:
definite nominative singular

inflection of lerë:
indefinite nominative/accusative plural


Alban

Alban (indefinite nominative singular)
Albani (definite nominative singular)
Alban (accusative indefinite singular)
Albanin (accusative definite singular)
Albani (indefinite singular)
Albanit (definite singular)

A variant of Arban, with regular r-l change.

a male given name, equivalent to English Alban


Denis

Denis (indefinite nominative singular)
Denisi (definite nominative singular)
Denis (accusative indefinite singular)
Denisin (accusative definite singular)
Denisi (indefinite singular)
Denisit (definite singular)


vang

From Proto-Albanian *uang-, from Proto-Indo-European *wen(H)g- (“to be bent, curved”). Cognate to Lithuanian vi̇̀ngis (“bow, crooking”) and Old High German wankon (“to shake, totter, stagger”). See Proto-Germanic *wangaz (“meadow, pasture”) for more cognates.


lum

From Proto-Albanian *lubn-, from Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰ- (“to love”). Cognate to Latin lubens (“willing, (be) fond of something”), and ultimately a doublet of lyp, lubi, lugat, and laps.


noke

Derivative of noc (“dwarf”). Analogouos development of loke (“dear, mother”) from loc (“dear”).


fela

inflection of felë:
definite nominative singular

inflection of felë:
indefinite nominative/accusative plural


guri

inflection of gur:
definite nominative singular


kanat

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish قنات (kanat, “wing; wing, leaf (of a door, window), shutter”).


plim

sq-noun

plim m (plural plimë, definite plimi, definite plural plimët)

plimë (plural)
plimi (definite)
plimët (definite plural)
plim (indefinite nominative singular)
plimi (definite nominative singular)
plimë (indefinite nominative plural)
plimët (definite nominative plural)
plim (accusative indefinite singular)
plimin (accusative definite singular)
plimë (accusative indefinite plural)
plimët (accusative definite plural)
plimi (dative indefinite singular)
plimit (dative definite singular)
plimëve (dative indefinite plural)
plimëve (dative definite plural)
plimi (ablative indefinite singular)
plimit (ablative definite singular)
plimësh (ablative indefinite plural)
plimëve (ablative definite plural)
plym (alternative)

A deverbative in -i(m), based on an unattested verb *plyej, from Proto-Albanian *plānja (“to fill”), from Proto-Indo-European *plē (“full”).


pelar

pelar m (plural pelárë, definite pelári, definite plural pelárët)

pelárë (plural)
pelári (definite)
pelárët (definite plural)

Near-synonym: bari

stableman, ostler, groom (especially mares)


arar

farmer (person who works the land or who keeps livestock)


besa

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


bese

indefinite dative/genitive/ablative singular of besë


botes

definite dative/ablative singular of bote


dore

sq-noun

dore f (plural dore, definite dorja, definite plural dortë)

dore (plural)
dorja (definite)
dortë (definite plural)


gores

definite dative/ablative singular of gore


faje

indefinite nominative/accusative plural of faj


fijan

Borrowed from a Vulgar Latin root *fīliānus, from Latin fīlius. Compare Romanian fin.


fleta

inflection of fletë:
definite nominative singular

inflection of fletë:
indefinite nominative/accusative plural


flete

indefinite dative/ablative singular of fletë


funde

indefinite nominative/accusative plural of fund


halle

indefinite dative/ablative singular of hallë


hile

hile f (plural hile, definite hilja, definite plural hilet)

hile (plural)
hilja (definite)
hilet (definite plural)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish حیله (hile, “artifice, stratagem, ruse”), itself from Arabic حِيلَة (ḥīla, “trick, artifice, ruse”).


hunde

indefinite dative/ablative singular of hundë


skelet

sq-noun

skelet m (plural skeletë, definite skeleti, definite plural skeletët)

skeletë (plural)
skeleti (definite)
skeletët (definite plural)
skelet (indefinite nominative singular)
skeleti (definite nominative singular)
skeletë (indefinite nominative plural)
skeletët (definite nominative plural)
skelet (accusative indefinite singular)
skeletin (accusative definite singular)
skeletë (accusative indefinite plural)
skeletët (accusative definite plural)
skeleti (dative indefinite singular)
skeletit (dative definite singular)
skeletëve (dative indefinite plural)
skeletëve (dative definite plural)
skeleti (ablative indefinite singular)
skeletit (ablative definite singular)
skeletësh (ablative indefinite plural)
skeletëve (ablative definite plural)


një

Disputed:
*From Old Albanian nja, from Proto-Albanian *ainja, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos.
*From Old Albanian nja, from Proto-Albanian *ni̯á-, from Pre-Proto-Albanian *mi̯á-, from Proto-Indo-European *smii̯o- (“a, an”), from Proto-Indo-European *s(e)mih₂ or Proto-Indo-European *smii̯ah₂. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”). According to Neri, the etymology connecting një to *h₁óynos is problematic, as it assumes an unknown pronomial element at the initial sound and also does not explain the stem *ni̯á- without a final nasal.

inh

nji (alternative Gheg)
ni (alternative Gheg)
i (alternative Gheg)


një

Dua një gotë ujë.

indefinite article
indefinite article#English


pite

sq-noun

pite f (plural pite, definite pita, definite plural pitet)

pite (plural)
pita (definite)
pitet (definite plural)

A singularized plural of *pitë, from Proto-Albanian *pītu-, related to Lithuanian piẽtus (“noon meal, lunch”), Sanskrit पितु (pitú, “feeding, drink”), Old Irish ithid (“to eat”). Compare pitë (“pastry”).


plisa

indefinite nominative/accusative plural of plis


maje

indefinite dative/ablative singular of majë


marre

márre f (plural márre, definite márrja, definite plural márret)

márre (canonical feminine)
márre (plural)
márrja (definite)
márret (definite plural)


oferte

indefinite dative/ablative singular of ofertë


receta

inflection of recetë:
definite nominative singular

inflection of recetë:
indefinite nominative/accusative plural


revista

inflection of revistë:
definite nominative singular

inflection of revistë:
indefinite nominative/accusative plural


reviste

indefinite dative/ablative singular of revistë


trille

indefinite nominative/accusative plural of trill


vare

varé m (plural vare, definite vareja, definite plural varetë)

varé (canonical masculine)
vare (plural)
vareja (definite)
varetë (definite plural)
vare (indefinite nominative singular)
varja (definite nominative singular)
varja (indefinite nominative plural)
varjat (definite nominative plural)
vare (accusative indefinite singular)
varen (accusative definite singular)
varja (accusative indefinite plural)
varjat (accusative definite plural)
vareje (dative indefinite singular)
vares (dative definite singular)
varjave (dative indefinite plural)
varjave (dative definite plural)
vareje (ablative indefinite singular)
vares (ablative definite singular)
varjash (ablative indefinite plural)
varjave (ablative definite plural)


vende

indefinite nominative/accusative plural of vend


vete

Originally from *vemte (*vem suffixed with te), from the original form in Proto-Albanian *wadmi, from athematic Proto-Indo-European *weh₂dʰ- (perhaps *weh₂dʰ-mi).
Also cognate to English wade (“to walk through water”), Old Armenian գամ (gam, “to come”), Latin vādō (“to go, walk”).


duan

third-person plural present indicative/subjunctive of dua


prier

From Proto-Albanian *per(i)-era, a prefixal verb, cognate to Hittite [Term?] (/arnumi/, “to move, to shift”), Sanskrit ऋणुते (ṛṇóti, “to arise, to move”), Ancient Greek ὄρνυμι (órnumi, “to stir up”), Latin orior (“to rise”).


eja

eja! (canonical)
paja (alternative Gheg)

From *enja, from Proto-Albanian *ainja, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- (“to go”). Compare Greek έλα (éla), Bulgarian ела (ela, “come”), Latvian eja (“way, passage, corridor”) from iet (“to go”), Ancient Greek εἶμι (eîmi, “I go”), Hittite 𒄿𒄿𒀀𒀜𒋫 (i-ya-at-ta /iyatta/, “goes”), Old Persian 𐎠𐎡𐎫𐎡𐎹 (aitiy, “goes”).

second-person singular imperative of vij