fruta

inflection of frutë:
definite nominative singular

inflection of frutë:
indefinite nominative/accusative plural


idioma

inflection of idiomë:
definite nominative singular

inflection of idiomë:
indefinite nominative/accusative plural


peri

inflection of pe:
definite nominative singular

inflection of pe:
indefinite dative/ablative singular


rika

inflection of rikë:
definite nominative singular

inflection of rikë:
indefinite nominative/accusative plural


namaz

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish نماز (namaz), from Persian نماز (namâz).


letra

inflection of letër:
definite nominative singular

inflection of letër:
indefinite nominative/accusative plural


haps

sq-noun

haps m (plural haps, definite hapsi, definite plural hapsit)

haps (plural)
hapsi (definite)
hapsit (definite plural)
haps (indefinite nominative singular)
hapsi (definite nominative singular)
haps (indefinite nominative plural)
hapsit (definite nominative plural)
haps (accusative indefinite singular)
hapsin (accusative definite singular)
haps (accusative indefinite plural)
hapsit (accusative definite plural)
hapsi (dative indefinite singular)
hapsit (dative definite singular)
hapsve (dative indefinite plural)
hapsve (dative definite plural)
hapsi (ablative indefinite singular)
hapsit (ablative definite singular)
hapssh (ablative indefinite plural)
hapsve (ablative definite plural)

From Ottoman Turkish حبس (habs, “imprisonment, prison”), from Arabic حَبْس (ḥabs, “confinement”).


prag

sq-noun

prag m (plural pragje, definite pragu, definite plural pragjet)

pragje (plural)
pragu (definite)
pragjet (definite plural)
prag (indefinite nominative singular)
pragu (definite nominative singular)
pragje (indefinite nominative plural)
pragjet (definite nominative plural)
prag (accusative indefinite singular)
pragun (accusative definite singular)
pragje (accusative indefinite plural)
pragjet (accusative definite plural)
pragu (dative indefinite singular)
pragut (dative definite singular)
pragjeve (dative indefinite plural)
pragjeve (dative definite plural)
pragu (ablative indefinite singular)
pragut (ablative definite singular)
pragjesh (ablative indefinite plural)
pragjeve (ablative definite plural)

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic прагъ (pragŭ), from Proto-Slavic *porgъ (“threshold”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *parˀgas, from Proto-Indo-European *porg-o-. Compare Macedonian праг (prag), Serbo-Croatian prȁg.


acari

inflection of acar (“bitter cold”):
definite nominative singular

inflection of acar (“bitter cold”):
indefinite dative/ablative singular


bronz

sq-noun

bronz m (plural bronze, definite bronzi, definite plural bronzet)

bronze (plural)
bronzi (definite)
bronzet (definite plural)
bronx (alternative)
brunz (alternative)
brunx (alternative)
brunc (alternative)
brunç (alternative)

Internationalism, compare French bronze, Italian bronzo, German Bronze.

(figurative) trifle, bauble (worthless thing)


anason

Pimpinella anisum
Pimpinella anisum#Translingual


koks

Internationalism, ultimately from English coke. Compare German Koks.


Musa

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish موسی (musa), from Arabic مُوسَى (mūsā).


jap

dhashë (aorist)
dhënë (participle)
dhënë (participle)
duke dhënë (gerund)
për të dhënë (infinitive)
jap (first-person indicative present singular)
jep (indicative present second-person singular)
jep (indicative present singular third-person)
japim (first-person indicative plural present)
jepni (indicative plural present second-person)
japin (indicative plural present third-person)
jepja (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
jepje (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
jepte (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
jepnim (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
jepnit (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
jepnin (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
dhashë (aorist first-person indicative singular)
dhe (aorist indicative second-person singular)
dha (aorist indicative singular third-person)
dhamë (aorist first-person indicative plural)
dhatë (aorist indicative plural second-person)
dhanë (aorist indicative plural third-person)
kam dhënë (first-person indicative perfect singular)
ke dhënë (indicative perfect second-person singular)
ka dhënë (indicative perfect singular third-person)
kemi dhënë (first-person indicative perfect plural)
keni dhënë (indicative perfect plural second-person)
kanë dhënë (indicative perfect plural third-person)
kisha dhënë (first-person indicative past perfect singular)
kishe dhënë (indicative past perfect second-person singular)
kishte dhënë (indicative past perfect singular third-person)
kishim dhënë (first-person indicative past perfect plural)
kishit dhënë (indicative past perfect plural second-person)
kishin dhënë (indicative past perfect plural third-person)
pata dhënë (first-person indicative singular)
pate dhënë (indicative second-person singular)
pati dhënë (indicative singular third-person)
patëm dhënë (first-person indicative plural)
patët dhënë (indicative plural second-person)
patën dhënë (indicative plural third-person)
do të jap (first-person future indicative singular)
do të japësh (future indicative second-person singular)
do të japë (future indicative singular third-person)
do të japim (first-person future indicative plural)
do të jepni (future indicative plural second-person)
do të japin (future indicative plural third-person)
do të kem dhënë (first-person future indicative perfect singular)
do të kesh dhënë (future indicative perfect second-person singular)
do të ketë dhënë (future indicative perfect singular third-person)
do të kemi dhënë (first-person future indicative perfect plural)
do të keni dhënë (future indicative perfect plural second-person)
do të kenë dhënë (future indicative perfect plural third-person)
të jap (first-person present singular subjunctive)
të japësh (present second-person singular subjunctive)
të japë (present singular subjunctive third-person)
të japim (first-person plural present subjunctive)
të jepni (plural present second-person subjunctive)
të japin (plural present subjunctive third-person)
të jepja (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
të jepje (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të jepte (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të jepnim (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
të jepnit (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të jepnin (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
të kem dhënë (first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
të kesh dhënë (perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të ketë dhënë (perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të kemi dhënë (first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
të keni dhënë (perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të kenë dhënë (perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
të kisha dhënë (first-person past perfect singular subjunctive)
të kishe dhënë (past perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të kishte dhënë (past perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të kishim dhënë (first-person past perfect plural subjunctive)
të kishit dhënë (past perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të kishin dhënë (past perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
do të jepja (conditional first-person imperfect singular)
do të jepje (conditional imperfect second-person singular)
do të jepte (conditional imperfect singular third-person)
do të jepnim (conditional first-person imperfect plural)
do të jepnit (conditional imperfect plural second-person)
do të jepnin (conditional imperfect plural third-person)
do të kisha dhënë (conditional first-person past perfect singular)
do të kishe dhënë (conditional past perfect second-person singular)
do të kishte dhënë (conditional past perfect singular third-person)
do të kishim dhënë (conditional first-person past perfect plural)
do të kishit dhënë (conditional past perfect plural second-person)
do të kishin dhënë (conditional past perfect plural third-person)
dhënça (first-person optative present singular)
dhënç (optative present second-person singular)
dhëntë (optative present singular third-person)
dhënçim (first-person optative plural present)
dhënçi (optative plural present second-person)
dhënçin (optative plural present third-person)
paça dhënë (first-person optative perfect singular)
paç dhënë (optative perfect second-person singular)
pastë dhënë (optative perfect singular third-person)
paçim dhënë (first-person optative perfect plural)
paçit dhënë (optative perfect plural second-person)
paçin dhënë (optative perfect plural third-person)
dhënkam (admirative first-person present singular)
dhënke (admirative present second-person singular)
dhënka (admirative present singular third-person)
dhënkemi (admirative first-person plural present)
dhënkeni (admirative plural present second-person)
dhënkan (admirative plural present third-person)
dhënkësha (admirative first-person imperfect singular)
dhënkëshe (admirative imperfect second-person singular)
dhënkësh (admirative imperfect singular third-person)
dhënkëshim (admirative first-person imperfect plural)
dhënkëshit (admirative imperfect plural second-person)
dhënkëshin (admirative imperfect plural third-person)
paskam dhënë (admirative first-person perfect singular)
paske dhënë (admirative perfect second-person singular)
paska dhënë (admirative perfect singular third-person)
paskemi dhënë (admirative first-person perfect plural)
paskeni dhënë (admirative perfect plural second-person)
paskan dhënë (admirative perfect plural third-person)
paskësha dhënë (admirative first-person past perfect singular)
paskëshe dhënë (admirative past perfect second-person singular)
paskësh dhënë (admirative past perfect singular third-person)
paskëshim dhënë (admirative first-person past perfect plural)
paskëshit dhënë (admirative past perfect plural second-person)
paskëshin dhënë (admirative past perfect plural third-person)
jep (imperative present second-person singular)
jepni (imperative plural present second-person)
ap (alternative Gheg)

Variant of dialectal ap, from Proto-Albanian *apa, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁op-eio/e-, from *h₁ep- (“to take”). The verb is suppletive with past dhashë and participle dhënë from Proto-Indo-European *deh₃-.


bec

sq-noun

bec m (plural beca, definite beci, definite plural becat)

beca (plural)
beci (definite)
becat (definite plural)
beç (alternative)

Onomatopoeic. From the bleating sound, with -c/ç suffix.


grah

graha (aorist)
grahur (participle)
grahur (participle)
duke grahur (gerund)
për të grahur (infinitive)
grah (first-person indicative present singular)
grah (indicative present second-person singular)
grah (indicative present singular third-person)
grahim (first-person indicative plural present)
grahni (indicative plural present second-person)
grahin (indicative plural present third-person)
grahja (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
grahje (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
grahte (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
grahnim (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
grahnit (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
grahnin (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
graha (aorist first-person indicative singular)
grahe (aorist indicative second-person singular)
grahu (aorist indicative singular third-person)
grahëm (aorist first-person indicative plural)
grahët (aorist indicative plural second-person)
grahën (aorist indicative plural third-person)
kam grahur (first-person indicative perfect singular)
ke grahur (indicative perfect second-person singular)
ka grahur (indicative perfect singular third-person)
kemi grahur (first-person indicative perfect plural)
keni grahur (indicative perfect plural second-person)
kanë grahur (indicative perfect plural third-person)
kisha grahur (first-person indicative past perfect singular)
kishe grahur (indicative past perfect second-person singular)
kishte grahur (indicative past perfect singular third-person)
kishim grahur (first-person indicative past perfect plural)
kishit grahur (indicative past perfect plural second-person)
kishin grahur (indicative past perfect plural third-person)
pata grahur (first-person indicative singular)
pate grahur (indicative second-person singular)
pati grahur (indicative singular third-person)
patëm grahur (first-person indicative plural)
patët grahur (indicative plural second-person)
patën grahur (indicative plural third-person)
do të grah (first-person future indicative singular)
do të grahësh (future indicative second-person singular)
do të grahë (future indicative singular third-person)
do të grahim (first-person future indicative plural)
do të grahni (future indicative plural second-person)
do të grahin (future indicative plural third-person)
do të kem grahur (first-person future indicative perfect singular)
do të kesh grahur (future indicative perfect second-person singular)
do të ketë grahur (future indicative perfect singular third-person)
do të kemi grahur (first-person future indicative perfect plural)
do të keni grahur (future indicative perfect plural second-person)
do të kenë grahur (future indicative perfect plural third-person)
të grah (first-person present singular subjunctive)
të grahësh (present second-person singular subjunctive)
të grahë (present singular subjunctive third-person)
të grahim (first-person plural present subjunctive)
të grahni (plural present second-person subjunctive)
të grahin (plural present subjunctive third-person)
të grahja (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
të grahje (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të grahte (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të grahnim (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
të grahnit (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të grahnin (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
të kem grahur (first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
të kesh grahur (perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të ketë grahur (perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të kemi grahur (first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
të keni grahur (perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të kenë grahur (perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
të kisha grahur (first-person past perfect singular subjunctive)
të kishe grahur (past perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të kishte grahur (past perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të kishim grahur (first-person past perfect plural subjunctive)
të kishit grahur (past perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të kishin grahur (past perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
do të grahja (conditional first-person imperfect singular)
do të grahje (conditional imperfect second-person singular)
do të grahte (conditional imperfect singular third-person)
do të grahnim (conditional first-person imperfect plural)
do të grahnit (conditional imperfect plural second-person)
do të grahnin (conditional imperfect plural third-person)
do të kisha grahur (conditional first-person past perfect singular)
do të kishe grahur (conditional past perfect second-person singular)
do të kishte grahur (conditional past perfect singular third-person)
do të kishim grahur (conditional first-person past perfect plural)
do të kishit grahur (conditional past perfect plural second-person)
do të kishin grahur (conditional past perfect plural third-person)
grahsha (first-person optative present singular)
grahsh (optative present second-person singular)
grahtë (optative present singular third-person)
grahshim (first-person optative plural present)
grahshi (optative plural present second-person)
grahshin (optative plural present third-person)
paça grahur (first-person optative perfect singular)
paç grahur (optative perfect second-person singular)
pastë grahur (optative perfect singular third-person)
paçim grahur (first-person optative perfect plural)
paçit grahur (optative perfect plural second-person)
paçin grahur (optative perfect plural third-person)
grahkam (admirative first-person present singular)
grahke (admirative present second-person singular)
grahka (admirative present singular third-person)
grahkemi (admirative first-person plural present)
grahkeni (admirative plural present second-person)
grahkan (admirative plural present third-person)
grahkësha (admirative first-person imperfect singular)
grahkëshe (admirative imperfect second-person singular)
grahkësh (admirative imperfect singular third-person)
grahkëshim (admirative first-person imperfect plural)
grahkëshit (admirative imperfect plural second-person)
grahkëshin (admirative imperfect plural third-person)
paskam grahur (admirative first-person perfect singular)
paske grahur (admirative perfect second-person singular)
paska grahur (admirative perfect singular third-person)
paskemi grahur (admirative first-person perfect plural)
paskeni grahur (admirative perfect plural second-person)
paskan grahur (admirative perfect plural third-person)
paskësha grahur (admirative first-person past perfect singular)
paskëshe grahur (admirative past perfect second-person singular)
paskësh grahur (admirative past perfect singular third-person)
paskëshim grahur (admirative first-person past perfect plural)
paskëshit grahur (admirative past perfect plural second-person)
paskëshin grahur (admirative past perfect plural third-person)
grah (imperative present second-person singular)
grahni (imperative plural present second-person)
graf (alternative Gheg)
ngrah (alternative)

From Proto-Albanian *graska or *grah, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥H-sḱé-ti, from *gʷerH- (“to raise a cry”). Frequently ngrah with the intensive prefix n-.


nen

numbered subdivision of a law: paragraph, article, section (of a statute);


Fuat

Fuat (indefinite nominative singular)
Fuati (definite nominative singular)
Fuat (accusative indefinite singular)
Fuatin (accusative definite singular)
Fuati (indefinite singular)
Fuatit (definite singular)


Fuad

Fuad (indefinite nominative singular)
Fuadi (definite nominative singular)
Fuad (accusative indefinite singular)
Fuadin (accusative definite singular)
Fuadi (indefinite singular)
Fuadit (definite singular)


copa

inflection of copë:
definite nominative singular

inflection of copë:
indefinite nominative/accusative plural


arat

definite nominative/accusative plural of arë


peng

peng m (plural pengje, definite pengu, definite plural pengjet)

pengje (plural)
pengu (definite)
pengjet (definite plural)

feeling of regret, unfulfilled desire, wishful thinking


shend

From Ottoman Turkish شن (şen), from Armenian շեն (šen).


damar

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish طمر (damar).

an inherited trait, characteristic, or feature


kap

kapur (participle)
duke kapur (gerund)
për të kapur (infinitive)
kap (first-person indicative present singular)
kap (indicative present second-person singular)
kap (indicative present singular third-person)
kapim (first-person indicative plural present)
kapni (indicative plural present second-person)
kapin (indicative plural present third-person)
kapja (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
kapje (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
kapte (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
kapnim (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
kapnit (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
kapnin (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
kapa (aorist first-person indicative singular)
kape (aorist indicative second-person singular)
kapi (aorist indicative singular third-person)
kapëm (aorist first-person indicative plural)
kapët (aorist indicative plural second-person)
kapën (aorist indicative plural third-person)
kam kapur (first-person indicative perfect singular)
ke kapur (indicative perfect second-person singular)
ka kapur (indicative perfect singular third-person)
kemi kapur (first-person indicative perfect plural)
keni kapur (indicative perfect plural second-person)
kanë kapur (indicative perfect plural third-person)
kisha kapur (first-person indicative past perfect singular)
kishe kapur (indicative past perfect second-person singular)
kishte kapur (indicative past perfect singular third-person)
kishim kapur (first-person indicative past perfect plural)
kishit kapur (indicative past perfect plural second-person)
kishin kapur (indicative past perfect plural third-person)
pata kapur (first-person indicative singular)
pate kapur (indicative second-person singular)
pati kapur (indicative singular third-person)
patëm kapur (first-person indicative plural)
patët kapur (indicative plural second-person)
patën kapur (indicative plural third-person)
do të kap (first-person future indicative singular)
do të kapësh (future indicative second-person singular)
do të kapë (future indicative singular third-person)
do të kapim (first-person future indicative plural)
do të kapni (future indicative plural second-person)
do të kapin (future indicative plural third-person)
do të kem kapur (first-person future indicative perfect singular)
do të kesh kapur (future indicative perfect second-person singular)
do të ketë kapur (future indicative perfect singular third-person)
do të kemi kapur (first-person future indicative perfect plural)
do të keni kapur (future indicative perfect plural second-person)
do të kenë kapur (future indicative perfect plural third-person)
të kap (first-person present singular subjunctive)
të kapësh (present second-person singular subjunctive)
të kapë (present singular subjunctive third-person)
të kapim (first-person plural present subjunctive)
të kapni (plural present second-person subjunctive)
të kapin (plural present subjunctive third-person)
të kapja (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
të kapje (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të kapte (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të kapnim (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
të kapnit (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të kapnin (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
të kem kapur (first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
të kesh kapur (perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të ketë kapur (perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të kemi kapur (first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
të keni kapur (perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të kenë kapur (perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
të kisha kapur (first-person past perfect singular subjunctive)
të kishe kapur (past perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të kishte kapur (past perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të kishim kapur (first-person past perfect plural subjunctive)
të kishit kapur (past perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të kishin kapur (past perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
do të kapja (conditional first-person imperfect singular)
do të kapje (conditional imperfect second-person singular)
do të kapte (conditional imperfect singular third-person)
do të kapnim (conditional first-person imperfect plural)
do të kapnit (conditional imperfect plural second-person)
do të kapnin (conditional imperfect plural third-person)
do të kisha kapur (conditional first-person past perfect singular)
do të kishe kapur (conditional past perfect second-person singular)
do të kishte kapur (conditional past perfect singular third-person)
do të kishim kapur (conditional first-person past perfect plural)
do të kishit kapur (conditional past perfect plural second-person)
do të kishin kapur (conditional past perfect plural third-person)
kapsha (first-person optative present singular)
kapsh (optative present second-person singular)
kaptë (optative present singular third-person)
kapshim (first-person optative plural present)
kapshi (optative plural present second-person)
kapshin (optative plural present third-person)
paça kapur (first-person optative perfect singular)
paç kapur (optative perfect second-person singular)
pastë kapur (optative perfect singular third-person)
paçim kapur (first-person optative perfect plural)
paçit kapur (optative perfect plural second-person)
paçin kapur (optative perfect plural third-person)
kapkam (admirative first-person present singular)
kapke (admirative present second-person singular)
kapka (admirative present singular third-person)
kapkemi (admirative first-person plural present)
kapkeni (admirative plural present second-person)
kapkan (admirative plural present third-person)
kapkësha (admirative first-person imperfect singular)
kapkëshe (admirative imperfect second-person singular)
kapkësh (admirative imperfect singular third-person)
kapkëshim (admirative first-person imperfect plural)
kapkëshit (admirative imperfect plural second-person)
kapkëshin (admirative imperfect plural third-person)
paskam kapur (admirative first-person perfect singular)
paske kapur (admirative perfect second-person singular)
paska kapur (admirative perfect singular third-person)
paskemi kapur (admirative first-person perfect plural)
paskeni kapur (admirative perfect plural second-person)
paskan kapur (admirative perfect plural third-person)
paskësha kapur (admirative first-person past perfect singular)
paskëshe kapur (admirative past perfect second-person singular)
paskësh kapur (admirative past perfect singular third-person)
paskëshim kapur (admirative first-person past perfect plural)
paskëshit kapur (admirative past perfect plural second-person)
paskëshin kapur (admirative past perfect plural third-person)
kap (imperative present second-person singular)
kapni (imperative plural present second-person)

From Proto-Albanian *kapa, from Proto-Indo-European *kap-. Cognate to (Baltic) Latvian kàmpju, kàmpt; Proto-Celtic *kawnos (Old Irish cúan, Irish cuan, Scottish Gaelic cuan); Proto-Germanic *habnō, Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to have, lift”); Proto-Hellenic *kapťō (Ancient Greek κάπτω (káptō)), Proto-Hellenic *kṓpā (Ancient Greek κώπη (kṓpē)); Proto-Italic *kapiō (Latin capiō) and (perhaps) also Old Armenian խափ (xapʻ), Old Armenian խափանեմ (xapʻanem) (perhaps) and Latin capsa.

cog

(active) kap (aorist kapa, participle kapur)

(passive) kápem (aorist u kapa, participle kapur)

Kape për flokësh!

(intransitive) to grab, grip (someone or something)

(2nd person) (you) catch (an object or feelings)

to seize, keep, hold (something, someone); to take or occupy (land, position)

to find, surprise (a person in a situation, act)

(figurative, third person) to possess, overwhelm, scare (by a feeling, illness, demon)

to understand, see, hear immediately (a problem, issue, mission, task)

to reach (to); meet (someone or something that walks in front)

(intransitive, figurative) to start, begin (work, job, path)

E ka kap dielli.

The sun had captured her/him. (meaning “He/she's got a sunburn/tan.”)

E rreh dielli ujët.

The sun warms up (beats up) the water(s).

(third person) to tan, warm up (by the sun); to capture (by wind; military service)

(third person) to determine, constitute; to reach, cost (a high sum)

(figurative) to snatch, pull off (hat, wig)


tej

From Proto-Albanian *tai e, a parallel formation to tëhu.


kar

sq-noun

kar m (plural kar, definite kari, definite plural karet)

kar (plural)
kari (definite)
karet (definite plural)
kar (indefinite nominative singular)
kari (definite nominative singular)
kare (indefinite nominative plural)
karet (definite nominative plural)
kar (accusative indefinite singular)
karin (accusative definite singular)
kare (accusative indefinite plural)
karet (accusative definite plural)
kari (dative indefinite singular)
karit (dative definite singular)
kareve (dative indefinite plural)
kareve (dative definite plural)
kari (ablative indefinite singular)
karit (ablative definite singular)
karesh (ablative indefinite plural)
kareve (ablative definite plural)

From Romani kar, from Prakrit *𑀓𑀸𑀝 (*kāṭa).


fal

Uncertain. Proposals include:
# Inherited from Proto-Indo-European, akin to Ancient Greek σφάλλω (sphállō, “to overthrow”).
# Borrowed from South Slavic, from Proto-Slavic *xvaliti (“to praise”), compare Macedonian фали (fali), Serbo-Croatian hváliti /хва́лити.

cog

hváliti//хва́лити

to forgive, pardon
to remit, grant amnesty

to forgive, pardon
to relieve (from a debt)

më falni

Madhi Zot! tý t' kjofsha falë, / Se shum shkjau na paska dalë

Flora, Koleci (2022) “Tradurre il testo e … tradire il contesto”, in Lingue e linguaggi, volume 48, →DOI, page 165

Great God! May I be bestowed to you, how many Slavs come to us!

fal bajramin

to worship (a god); to celebrate (a ceremony, festivity, etc.)

fal dritën


huta

indefinite nominative/accusative plural of hut


thana

inflection of thanë:
definite nominative singular

inflection of thanë:
indefinite nominative/accusative plural


atomi

inflection of atom:
definite nominative singular


malli

inflection of mall:
definite nominative singular

inflection of mall:
indefinite dative/ablative singular


harap

sq-noun

harap m (plural harapë, definite harapi)


tus

tuta (aorist)
tutë (participle)
tut (alternative Gheg)

From Proto-Albanian *tutja, cognate to Old Norse þeya (“to melt”), Old High German douwen (“id”), with 'being silent' as an intermediary stage of semantic development. Alternatively related to tund.


tepe

tepe f (plural tepe, definite tepja, definite plural tepet)

tepe (plural)
tepja (definite)
tepet (definite plural)
tepe (indefinite nominative singular)
tepa (definite nominative singular)
tepe (indefinite nominative plural)
tepet (definite nominative plural)
tepe (accusative indefinite singular)
tepen (accusative definite singular)
tepe (accusative indefinite plural)
tepet (accusative definite plural)
tepe (dative indefinite singular)
tepes (dative definite singular)
tepeve (dative indefinite plural)
tepeve (dative definite plural)
tepe (ablative indefinite singular)
tepes (ablative definite singular)
tepesh (ablative indefinite plural)
tepeve (ablative definite plural)

From Ottoman Turkish تپه (tepe, “crown of the head, apex, summit, mountain peak, hill”), from Proto-Turkic *tepe (“hill, top; top of head”).


toka

first-person plural aorist indicative of tok


paja

inflection of pajë:
definite nominative singular

inflection of pajë:
indefinite nominative/accusative plural


kusi

kusí (canonical feminine)
kusi (indefinite nominative singular)
kusia (definite nominative singular)
kusi (indefinite nominative plural)
kusitë (definite nominative plural)
kusi (accusative indefinite singular)
kusinë (accusative definite singular)
kusi (accusative indefinite plural)
kusitë (accusative definite plural)
kusie (dative indefinite singular)
kusisë (dative definite singular)
kusive (dative indefinite plural)
kusive (dative definite plural)
kusie (ablative indefinite singular)
kusisë (ablative definite singular)
kusish (ablative indefinite plural)
kusive (ablative definite plural)


kul

head

kul (aorist (për)kula, participle (për)kulur)

(për)kula (aorist)
(për)kulur (participle)

From Proto-Albanian * ̊kull-, from Proto-Indo-European *kwel- (“to revolve, twist”). Occurs almost exclusively in prefixed form with për-. Probably related to ul.


kur

From Proto-Albanian *kur, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷur; cognate to Lithuanian kur̃ (“where”), Old Armenian ուր (ur, “id”), etc. See also Albanian ku (“where”).
Less likely from Latin quā hōrā.


maja

inflection of majë:
definite nominative singular

inflection of majë:
indefinite nominative/accusative plural


Hektor

Hektor (indefinite nominative singular)
Hektori (definite nominative singular)
Hektor (accusative indefinite singular)
Hektorin (accusative definite singular)
Hektori (indefinite singular)
Hektorit (definite singular)


vaj

sq-noun

vaj m (plural vajra, definite vaji, definite plural vajrat)

vajra (plural)
vaji (definite)
vajrat (definite plural)
vaj (indefinite nominative singular)
vaji (definite nominative singular)
vajra (indefinite nominative plural)
vajrat (definite nominative plural)
vaj (accusative indefinite singular)
vajin (accusative definite singular)
vajra (accusative indefinite plural)
vajrat (accusative definite plural)
vaji (dative indefinite singular)
vajit (dative definite singular)
vajrave (dative indefinite plural)
vajrave (dative definite plural)
vaji (ablative indefinite singular)
vajit (ablative definite singular)
vajrash (ablative indefinite plural)
vajrave (ablative definite plural)
vahj (alternative Arbëresh)
valë (alternative Cham)
voj (alternative Gheg)

* Uncertain. Perhaps from the alternative, the interjection meaning 'woe', connecting the tears with oil. Another theory suggests the term vaj might have evolved from Old Albanian *vaīlë (compare the dialectal forms) and earlier *ewaila, becoming cognate with Ancient Greek *ἐλαίϝα (*elaíwa) and Old Armenian եւղ (ewł, “oil”) both, in turn, deriving from a Mediterranean substrate language.
* From Proto-Albanian *u̯ɔλa, from Vulgar Latin *oli̯u, from Latin oleum, from Ancient Greek ἔλαιον (élaion).


vaj

Possibly from Proto-Albanian *uai, from Proto-Indo-European *wáy, *uai (“woe!, alas!”); similar words are found in several European languages. Cognate to Ancient Greek ὀά (oá, “woe!, alas!”) and Old Armenian վայ (vay, “cry of pain”), Latin vae, Icelandic vei, Dutch wee, English woe. Compare also Romanian vai,
Serbo-Croatian авај (avaj), Italian guai. In view of a widespread secondary meaning 'to cry', one may also consider Proto-Albanian *vabja, connected with Old Church Slavonic вабимо (vabimo, “being lured”), Gothic 𐍅𐍉𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wōpjan, “call out”), Old English wēpan (“weep, cry”).

cog

vahj (alternative Arbëresh)
valë (alternative Cham)
voj (alternative Gheg)


armen

Armenian (of, from, or pertaining to Armenia, Armenians, the language or alphabet)


Shqipëri

Shqipëria (definite)
Shqipëri (indefinite nominative singular)
Shqipëria (definite nominative singular)
Shqipëri (accusative indefinite singular)
Shqipërinë (accusative definite singular)
Shqipërie (indefinite singular)
Shqipërisë (definite singular)
Shkypëni (alternative)
Shqipni (alternative Gheg Northeastern)
Shqypni (alternative Gheg Middle)

/ʃc͡ɕipəˈɾi/

From shqip + -ëri.
historically, from shkyp + -ëni, old pronunciation of shqipoj, from Latin excipiere. still called Shkypënia by conservative dialects in the north. changed to dialectal Shqipëri in the 19th century to associate it with the word for eagle shqipe, which derived from Proto-Celtic *sklubos (“eagle”). compare Welsh ysglyf (“bird of prey”)
Petar Skok suggested that this word is originated from Scupi (Shkupi), the capital of the Roman province of Dardania (today's Skopje). According to Petar Skok, the Albanian demonym Shkuptar (as in inhabitant of Skopje) changed to Shkiptar, which is still used among Arvanite Albanians in Greece, and later to Shqiptar.

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

(Tosk) Albania (a country in Southeast Europe)


hata

sq-noun

hata f (plural hatá, definite hatája, definite plural hatátë)

hatá (plural)
hatája (definite)
hatátë (definite plural)
hatë (alternative)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish خطا (hata), from Arabic خَطَأ (ḵaṭaʔ).

bor+

(adverb, slang, ironic) very good, very well


hak

hakë (plural)
hakë (alternative)
ah (alternative)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish حق (hak, “the right, justice; a right; due, share; remuneration”), from Arabic حَقّ (ḥaqq, “truth”). The definition evolved from "right, claim, remuneration" > "claim to remuneration or justice" > "retribution, revenge".


rit

sq-noun

rit m (plural ríte, definite ríti, definite plural rítet)

ríte (plural)
ríti (definite)
rítet (definite plural)


vana

inflection of vanë:
definite nominative singular

inflection of vanë:
indefinite nominative/accusative plural


arg

Arbëreshë; from Proto-Albanian *arga, from Proto-Indo-European *Horgʰi (compare Armenian ոջիլ (oǰil)).

argull (alternative)
ergjëz (alternative)
ergjiz (alternative)


turi

turinj (plural)
turiri (definite)
turi (indefinite nominative singular)
turiri (definite nominative singular)
turinj (indefinite nominative plural)
turinjtë (definite nominative plural)
turi (accusative indefinite singular)
turirin (accusative definite singular)
turinj (accusative indefinite plural)
turinjtë (accusative definite plural)
turiri (dative indefinite singular)
turirit (dative definite singular)
turinjve (dative indefinite plural)
turinjve (dative definite plural)
turiri (ablative indefinite singular)
turirit (ablative definite singular)
turinjsh (ablative indefinite plural)
turinjve (ablative definite plural)
turî (alternative Gheg)

Uncertain. Possibilities include:
# Borrowed from Vulgar Latin *utrīnum, a derivation from uter (“leathern bottle”).
# A metathesised derivation from South Slavic, ultimately from Proto-Slavic *rъtъ (“beak; mouth”), whence also Romanian rât (“snout”).
# A derivation from Proto-Indo-European *ter- (“tender, young”), hence akin to tru (“brain”).


capon

sq-noun

capón m (plural caponë, definite caponi, definite plural caponët)

capón (canonical masculine)
caponë (plural)
caponi (definite)
caponët (definite plural)
capon (indefinite nominative singular)
caponi (definite nominative singular)
caponë (indefinite nominative plural)
caponët (definite nominative plural)
capon (accusative indefinite singular)
caponin (accusative definite singular)
caponë (accusative indefinite plural)
caponët (accusative definite plural)
caponi (dative indefinite singular)
caponit (dative definite singular)
caponëve (dative indefinite plural)
caponëve (dative definite plural)
caponi (ablative indefinite singular)
caponit (ablative definite singular)
caponësh (ablative indefinite plural)
caponëve (ablative definite plural)

Similar to copan, from Italian zappone (“mattock”). Related to capë (“claw mattock”).


fis

fis m (plural fise, definite fisi, definite plural fiset)

fise (plural)
fisi (definite)
fiset (definite plural)
fis (indefinite nominative singular)
fisi (definite nominative singular)
fise (indefinite nominative plural)
fiset (definite nominative plural)
fis (accusative indefinite singular)
fisin (accusative definite singular)
fise (accusative indefinite plural)
fiset (accusative definite plural)
fisi (dative indefinite singular)
fisit (dative definite singular)
fiseve (dative indefinite plural)
fiseve (dative definite plural)
fisi (ablative indefinite singular)
fisit (ablative definite singular)
fisesh (ablative indefinite plural)
fiseve (ablative definite plural)

Possibly from
Ancient Greek φύσις (phúsis, “origin”) , although the auslaut doesn't follow the phonetic rules of loanwords into Albanian. Alternatively from Ancient Greek φῡλή (phūlḗ, “a union of individuals into a community”).


arra

inflection of arrë:
definite nominative singular

inflection of arrë:
indefinite nominative/accusative plural


kupa

inflection of kupë:
definite nominative singular

inflection of kupë:
indefinite nominative/accusative plural


pak

Variant of mpak (“to paralyze, to be shocked”) (m + pak).
Connected to pikë (“drop”). Which is used in metaphorical curses (directed at enemies or people that speak out what should've stay unspoken); cf. "të rëntë pika" (optative: 'may the sun spot fall upon to you') - wishing a person paralysis or even worse, immediate death caused by cerebral hemorrhage. Similar to English "drop dead".

to paralyze, pass out, appall, mortify (not being able to see, speak or move)

E pakën vuajtjet.

to be shocked (because of bad, devastating news; tragic cases like death of a family member or friend)


pak

Borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin paucus (“few, little”).


pak

Kuptoj pak shqip.


capa

inflection of capë:
definite nominative singular

inflection of capë:
indefinite nominative/accusative plural


hava

havája (definite)
kava (alternative)
ava (alternative)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish هوا (hava), from Arabic هَوَاء (hawāʔ).


faj

faje (plural)
faj (indefinite nominative singular)
faji (definite nominative singular)
faje (indefinite nominative plural)
fajet (definite nominative plural)
faj (accusative indefinite singular)
fajin (accusative definite singular)
faje (accusative indefinite plural)
fajet (accusative definite plural)
faji (dative indefinite singular)
fajit (dative definite singular)
fajeve (dative indefinite plural)
fajeve (dative definite plural)
faji (ablative indefinite singular)
fajit (ablative definite singular)
fajesh (ablative indefinite plural)
fajeve (ablative definite plural)

From a Vulgar Latin deverbal of Latin fallere, compare French faille (“fault”), Occitan falha (“fault, sin”), Aromanian fai f (“fault, sin”). Less likely from Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌽 (faian, “to blame”).

për fajin e tij


faj

From Proto-Albanian *spanja, related to Proto-Germanic *spannjan (“to tighten”), with a secondary expressive gemination, to be compared with Old Norse spenna (“to tighten”).


grua

sq-noun

grúa f (plural grá, definite grúaja, definite plural grátë)

grúa (canonical feminine)
grá (plural)
grúaja (definite)
grátë (definite plural)
grua (indefinite nominative singular)
gruaja (definite nominative singular)
gra (indefinite nominative plural)
gratë (definite nominative plural)
grua (accusative indefinite singular)
gruan (accusative definite singular)
gra (accusative indefinite plural)
gratë (accusative definite plural)
gruajeje (dative indefinite singular)
gruas (dative definite singular)
grave (dative indefinite plural)
grave (dative definite plural)
gruajeje (ablative indefinite singular)
gruas (ablative definite singular)
grash (ablative indefinite plural)
grave (ablative definite plural)
grue (alternative Gheg)
gru (alternative Gheg)
gruo (alternative)

From Proto-Albanian *grāwā, from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵerh₂- (“old”). Compare Ancient Greek γραῦς (graûs, “old woman”).

cog

grua e ve


harc

sq-noun

harc m (plural harca, definite harci, definite plural harcat)

harca (plural)
harci (definite)
harcat (definite plural)


cen

cen (indefinite nominative singular)
ceni (definite nominative singular)
cene (indefinite nominative plural)
cenet (definite nominative plural)
cen (accusative indefinite singular)
cenin (accusative definite singular)
cene (accusative indefinite plural)
cenet (accusative definite plural)
ceni (dative indefinite singular)
cenit (dative definite singular)
ceneve (dative indefinite plural)
ceneve (dative definite plural)
ceni (ablative indefinite singular)
cenit (ablative definite singular)
cenesh (ablative indefinite plural)
ceneve (ablative definite plural)

Unknown. Meyer initially derived it from signum (“sign”) but he withdrew from the idea later, due to the fact that signum has given shenjë in Albanian. Also, any relation to Italian segno (proposed by Kristoforidhi) falls as s- from Italian has not given c- in Albanian. Mann related it to Greek πένομαι (pénomai, “to weave, spin”) and πόνος (pónos, “pain”), but in addition to the distant meanings, the Greek words come from a PIE *(s)p- root which cannot give starting c- in Albanian. Also, the roots *kṷenos and *kṷenā that he proposes would have given a starting s- in Albanian, not c-.
Çabej states that the main problem is that the original concrete meaning, before the abstracts of nowadays were formed, has diminished. Few survivors in dialects are cenakuq (“European robin; red-spotted warbler”) and cen as adjective (picky eater), which lead to the original meaning related to spot, mark, patch.

(regional) bad action, dislikable endeavor (used in Dangëlli region)


cen

Djalin e kam cen


bej

bejlerë (plural)
beu (definite)
bej (indefinite nominative singular)
beu (definite nominative singular)
bejlerë (indefinite nominative plural)
bejlerët (definite nominative plural)
bej (accusative indefinite singular)
beun (accusative definite singular)
bejlerë (accusative indefinite plural)
bejlerët (accusative definite plural)
beu (dative indefinite singular)
beut (dative definite singular)
bejlerëve (dative indefinite plural)
bejlerëve (dative definite plural)
beu (ablative indefinite singular)
beut (ablative definite singular)
bejlerësh (ablative indefinite plural)
bejlerëve (ablative definite plural)
beg (alternative)
be (alternative archaic)

(now historical)
bey, ruler of a province

(now historical)
A title of nobility. bey

(archaic) Respectful title of address. sir, mister


ugar

ugár m (plural ugarë, definite ugari, definite plural ugarët)

ugár (canonical masculine)
ugarë (plural)
ugari (definite)
ugarët (definite plural)
ugar (indefinite nominative singular)
ugari (definite nominative singular)
ugarë (indefinite nominative plural)
ugarët (definite nominative plural)
ugar (accusative indefinite singular)
ugarin (accusative definite singular)
ugarë (accusative indefinite plural)
ugarët (accusative definite plural)
ugari (dative indefinite singular)
ugarit (dative definite singular)
ugarëve (dative indefinite plural)
ugarëve (dative definite plural)
ugari (ablative indefinite singular)
ugarit (ablative definite singular)
ugarësh (ablative indefinite plural)
ugarëve (ablative definite plural)

Borrowed from a South Slavic language, compare Serbo-Croatian ugar (“fallow land”) and Macedonian угар (ugar, “fallow land”). Ultimately from Proto-Slavic *ugorъ (“fallow ground”).


sipas

sipas profecisë


boj

bova (aorist)
buar (participle)
buar (participle)
duke buar (gerund)
për të buar (infinitive)
boj (first-person indicative present singular)
bon (indicative present second-person singular)
bon (indicative present singular third-person)
bojmë (first-person indicative plural present)
boni (indicative plural present second-person)
bojnë (indicative plural present third-person)
boja (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
boje (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
bonte (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
bonim (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
bonit (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
bonin (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
bova (aorist first-person indicative singular)
bove (aorist indicative second-person singular)
boi (aorist indicative singular third-person)
buam (aorist first-person indicative plural)
buat (aorist indicative plural second-person)
buan (aorist indicative plural third-person)
kam buar (first-person indicative perfect singular)
ke buar (indicative perfect second-person singular)
ka buar (indicative perfect singular third-person)
kemi buar (first-person indicative perfect plural)
keni buar (indicative perfect plural second-person)
kanë buar (indicative perfect plural third-person)
kisha buar (first-person indicative past perfect singular)
kishe buar (indicative past perfect second-person singular)
kishte buar (indicative past perfect singular third-person)
kishim buar (first-person indicative past perfect plural)
kishit buar (indicative past perfect plural second-person)
kishin buar (indicative past perfect plural third-person)
pata buar (first-person indicative singular)
pate buar (indicative second-person singular)
pati buar (indicative singular third-person)
patëm buar (first-person indicative plural)
patët buar (indicative plural second-person)
patën buar (indicative plural third-person)
do të boj (first-person future indicative singular)
do të bosh (future indicative second-person singular)
do të bojë (future indicative singular third-person)
do të bojmë (first-person future indicative plural)
do të boni (future indicative plural second-person)
do të bojnë (future indicative plural third-person)
do të kem buar (first-person future indicative perfect singular)
do të kesh buar (future indicative perfect second-person singular)
do të ketë buar (future indicative perfect singular third-person)
do të kemi buar (first-person future indicative perfect plural)
do të keni buar (future indicative perfect plural second-person)
do të kenë buar (future indicative perfect plural third-person)
të boj (first-person present singular subjunctive)
të bosh (present second-person singular subjunctive)
të bojë (present singular subjunctive third-person)
të bojmë (first-person plural present subjunctive)
të boni (plural present second-person subjunctive)
të bojnë (plural present subjunctive third-person)
të boja (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
të boje (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të bonte (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të bonim (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
të bonit (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të bonin (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
të kem buar (first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
të kesh buar (perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të ketë buar (perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të kemi buar (first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
të keni buar (perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të kenë buar (perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
të kisha buar (first-person past perfect singular subjunctive)
të kishe buar (past perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të kishte buar (past perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të kishim buar (first-person past perfect plural subjunctive)
të kishit buar (past perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të kishin buar (past perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
do të boja (conditional first-person imperfect singular)
do të boje (conditional imperfect second-person singular)
do të bonte (conditional imperfect singular third-person)
do të bonim (conditional first-person imperfect plural)
do të bonit (conditional imperfect plural second-person)
do të bonin (conditional imperfect plural third-person)
do të kisha buar (conditional first-person past perfect singular)
do të kishe buar (conditional past perfect second-person singular)
do të kishte buar (conditional past perfect singular third-person)
do të kishim buar (conditional first-person past perfect plural)
do të kishit buar (conditional past perfect plural second-person)
do të kishin buar (conditional past perfect plural third-person)
bofsha (first-person optative present singular)
bofsh (optative present second-person singular)
boftë (optative present singular third-person)
bofshim (first-person optative plural present)
bofshi (optative plural present second-person)
bofshin (optative plural present third-person)
paça buar (first-person optative perfect singular)
paç buar (optative perfect second-person singular)
pastë buar (optative perfect singular third-person)
paçim buar (first-person optative perfect plural)
paçit buar (optative perfect plural second-person)
paçin buar (optative perfect plural third-person)
buakam (admirative first-person present singular)
buake (admirative present second-person singular)
buaka (admirative present singular third-person)
buakemi (admirative first-person plural present)
buakeni (admirative plural present second-person)
buakan (admirative plural present third-person)
buakësha (admirative first-person imperfect singular)
buakëshe (admirative imperfect second-person singular)
buakësh (admirative imperfect singular third-person)
buakëshim (admirative first-person imperfect plural)
buakëshit (admirative imperfect plural second-person)
buakëshin (admirative imperfect plural third-person)
paskam buar (admirative first-person perfect singular)
paske buar (admirative perfect second-person singular)
paska buar (admirative perfect singular third-person)
paskemi buar (admirative first-person perfect plural)
paskeni buar (admirative perfect plural second-person)
paskan buar (admirative perfect plural third-person)
paskësha buar (admirative first-person past perfect singular)
paskëshe buar (admirative past perfect second-person singular)
paskësh buar (admirative past perfect singular third-person)
paskëshim buar (admirative first-person past perfect plural)
paskëshit buar (admirative past perfect plural second-person)
paskëshin buar (admirative past perfect plural third-person)
bo (imperative present second-person singular)
boni (imperative plural present second-person)

Metaphoric use of boj (“to drive”) (see dëboj), from Proto-Albanian *bāgnja, related to Lithuanian běgti (“to run”), Latvian bêgt (“id.”), Old Prussian begeyte (“id.”) and Greek φέβομαι (févomai, “to be put to flight, flee”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰegʷ-. Usually attested in the passive form bohet.


biri

inflection of bir:
definite nominative singular

inflection of bir:
indefinite dative/ablative singular


topi

inflection of top:
definite nominative singular

inflection of top:
indefinite dative/ablative singular


rij

riva (aorist)
rirë (participle)
rîj (alternative Gheg)

From Proto-Albanian *rinja, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rinéHti (“move”), present of *h₃er- (“to move, stir, rise, spring”). Related to re (“cloud(s)”), Proto-Slavic *rinǫti (“push, shove”), Aeolic Greek ὀρῑ́νω (orī́nō, “to move”).


mez

sq-noun

mez m (plural meze, definite mezi, definite plural mezet)

meze (plural)
mezi (definite)
mezet (definite plural)
mez (indefinite nominative singular)
mezi (definite nominative singular)
meze (indefinite nominative plural)
mezet (definite nominative plural)
mez (accusative indefinite singular)
mezin (accusative definite singular)
meze (accusative indefinite plural)
mezet (accusative definite plural)
mezi (dative indefinite singular)
mezit (dative definite singular)
mezeve (dative indefinite plural)
mezeve (dative definite plural)
mezi (ablative indefinite singular)
mezit (ablative definite singular)
mezesh (ablative indefinite plural)
mezeve (ablative definite plural)
mjez (alternative)


lej

leva (aorist)
lerë (participle)
le (alternative)

Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben
Vladimir Orel

From Proto-Albanian *laidnja, from an Proto-Indo-European o-grade verb from the root *leyd- (“to release”). Alternatively from an *éy-present from the root *h₂el- (“to grow, nourish”).

Leu dielli.


trup

trup m (plural trupa, definite trupi, definite plural trupat)

trupa (plural)
trupi (definite)
trupat (definite plural)
trup (indefinite nominative singular)
trupi (definite nominative singular)
trupa (indefinite nominative plural)
trupat (definite nominative plural)
trup (accusative indefinite singular)
trupin (accusative definite singular)
trupa (accusative indefinite plural)
trupat (accusative definite plural)
trupi (dative indefinite singular)
trupit (dative definite singular)
trupave (dative indefinite plural)
trupave (dative definite plural)
trupi (ablative indefinite singular)
trupit (ablative definite singular)
trupash (ablative indefinite plural)
trupave (ablative definite plural)

Borrowed from a South Slavic language, compare Serbo-Croatian trup, Bulgarian труп (trup). Ultimately from Proto-Slavic *trupъ.


ul

ula (aorist)
ulur (participle)
ulur (participle)
duke ulur (gerund)
për të ulur (infinitive)
ul (first-person indicative present singular)
ul (indicative present second-person singular)
ul (indicative present singular third-person)
ulim (first-person indicative plural present)
ulni (indicative plural present second-person)
ulin (indicative plural present third-person)
ulja (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
ulje (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
ulte (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
ulnim (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
ulnit (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
ulnin (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
ula (aorist first-person indicative singular)
ule (aorist indicative second-person singular)
uli (aorist indicative singular third-person)
ulëm (aorist first-person indicative plural)
ulët (aorist indicative plural second-person)
ulën (aorist indicative plural third-person)
kam ulur (first-person indicative perfect singular)
ke ulur (indicative perfect second-person singular)
ka ulur (indicative perfect singular third-person)
kemi ulur (first-person indicative perfect plural)
keni ulur (indicative perfect plural second-person)
kanë ulur (indicative perfect plural third-person)
kisha ulur (first-person indicative past perfect singular)
kishe ulur (indicative past perfect second-person singular)
kishte ulur (indicative past perfect singular third-person)
kishim ulur (first-person indicative past perfect plural)
kishit ulur (indicative past perfect plural second-person)
kishin ulur (indicative past perfect plural third-person)
pata ulur (first-person indicative singular)
pate ulur (indicative second-person singular)
pati ulur (indicative singular third-person)
patëm ulur (first-person indicative plural)
patët ulur (indicative plural second-person)
patën ulur (indicative plural third-person)
do të ul (first-person future indicative singular)
do të ulësh (future indicative second-person singular)
do të ulë (future indicative singular third-person)
do të ulim (first-person future indicative plural)
do të ulni (future indicative plural second-person)
do të ulin (future indicative plural third-person)
do të kem ulur (first-person future indicative perfect singular)
do të kesh ulur (future indicative perfect second-person singular)
do të ketë ulur (future indicative perfect singular third-person)
do të kemi ulur (first-person future indicative perfect plural)
do të keni ulur (future indicative perfect plural second-person)
do të kenë ulur (future indicative perfect plural third-person)
të ul (first-person present singular subjunctive)
të ulësh (present second-person singular subjunctive)
të ulë (present singular subjunctive third-person)
të ulim (first-person plural present subjunctive)
të ulni (plural present second-person subjunctive)
të ulin (plural present subjunctive third-person)
të ulja (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
të ulje (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të ulte (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të ulnim (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
të ulnit (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të ulnin (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
të kem ulur (first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
të kesh ulur (perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të ketë ulur (perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të kemi ulur (first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
të keni ulur (perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të kenë ulur (perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
të kisha ulur (first-person past perfect singular subjunctive)
të kishe ulur (past perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të kishte ulur (past perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të kishim ulur (first-person past perfect plural subjunctive)
të kishit ulur (past perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të kishin ulur (past perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
do të ulja (conditional first-person imperfect singular)
do të ulje (conditional imperfect second-person singular)
do të ulte (conditional imperfect singular third-person)
do të ulnim (conditional first-person imperfect plural)
do të ulnit (conditional imperfect plural second-person)
do të ulnin (conditional imperfect plural third-person)
do të kisha ulur (conditional first-person past perfect singular)
do të kishe ulur (conditional past perfect second-person singular)
do të kishte ulur (conditional past perfect singular third-person)
do të kishim ulur (conditional first-person past perfect plural)
do të kishit ulur (conditional past perfect plural second-person)
do të kishin ulur (conditional past perfect plural third-person)
ulsha (first-person optative present singular)
ulsh (optative present second-person singular)
ultë (optative present singular third-person)
ulshim (first-person optative plural present)
ulshi (optative plural present second-person)
ulshin (optative plural present third-person)
paça ulur (first-person optative perfect singular)
paç ulur (optative perfect second-person singular)
pastë ulur (optative perfect singular third-person)
paçim ulur (first-person optative perfect plural)
paçit ulur (optative perfect plural second-person)
paçin ulur (optative perfect plural third-person)
ulkam (admirative first-person present singular)
ulke (admirative present second-person singular)
ulka (admirative present singular third-person)
ulkemi (admirative first-person plural present)
ulkeni (admirative plural present second-person)
ulkan (admirative plural present third-person)
ulkësha (admirative first-person imperfect singular)
ulkëshe (admirative imperfect second-person singular)
ulkësh (admirative imperfect singular third-person)
ulkëshim (admirative first-person imperfect plural)
ulkëshit (admirative imperfect plural second-person)
ulkëshin (admirative imperfect plural third-person)
paskam ulur (admirative first-person perfect singular)
paske ulur (admirative perfect second-person singular)
paska ulur (admirative perfect singular third-person)
paskemi ulur (admirative first-person perfect plural)
paskeni ulur (admirative perfect plural second-person)
paskan ulur (admirative perfect plural third-person)
paskësha ulur (admirative first-person past perfect singular)
paskëshe ulur (admirative past perfect second-person singular)
paskësh ulur (admirative past perfect singular third-person)
paskëshim ulur (admirative first-person past perfect plural)
paskëshit ulur (admirative past perfect plural second-person)
paskëshin ulur (admirative past perfect plural third-person)
ul (imperative present second-person singular)
ulni (imperative plural present second-person)
ulur (participle)
duke u ulur (gerund)
për t'u ulur (infinitive)
ulem (first-person indicative present singular)
ulesh (indicative present second-person singular)
ulet (indicative present singular third-person)
ulemi (first-person indicative plural present)
uleni (indicative plural present second-person)
ulen (indicative plural present third-person)
ulesha (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
uleshe (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
ulesh (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
ulej (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
uleshim (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
uleshit (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
uleshin (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
u ula (aorist first-person indicative singular)
u ule (aorist indicative second-person singular)
u ul (aorist indicative singular third-person)
u ulëm (aorist first-person indicative plural)
u ulët (aorist indicative plural second-person)
u ulën (aorist indicative plural third-person)
jam ulur (first-person indicative perfect singular)
je ulur (indicative perfect second-person singular)
është ulur (indicative perfect singular third-person)
jemi ulur (first-person indicative perfect plural)
jeni ulur (indicative perfect plural second-person)
janë ulur (indicative perfect plural third-person)
isha ulur (first-person indicative past perfect singular)
ishe ulur (indicative past perfect second-person singular)
ishte ulur (indicative past perfect singular third-person)
ishim ulur (first-person indicative past perfect plural)
ishit ulur (indicative past perfect plural second-person)
ishin ulur (indicative past perfect plural third-person)
qeshë ulur (first-person indicative singular)
qe ulur (indicative second-person singular)
qe ulur (indicative singular third-person)
qemë ulur (first-person indicative plural)
qetë ulur (indicative plural second-person)
qenë ulur (indicative plural third-person)
do të ulem (first-person future indicative singular)
do të ulesh (future indicative second-person singular)
do të ulet (future indicative singular third-person)
do të ulemi (first-person future indicative plural)
do të uleni (future indicative plural second-person)
do të ulen (future indicative plural third-person)
do të jem ulur (first-person future indicative perfect singular)
do të jesh ulur (future indicative perfect second-person singular)
do të jetë ulur (future indicative perfect singular third-person)
do të jemi ulur (first-person future indicative perfect plural)
do të jeni ulur (future indicative perfect plural second-person)
do të jenë ulur (future indicative perfect plural third-person)
të ulem (first-person present singular subjunctive)
të ulesh (present second-person singular subjunctive)
të ulet (present singular subjunctive third-person)
të ulemi (first-person plural present subjunctive)
të uleni (plural present second-person subjunctive)
të ulen (plural present subjunctive third-person)
të ulesha (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
të uleshe (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të ulesh (ulej) (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të uleshim (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
të uleshit (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të uleshin (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
të jem ulur (first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
të jesh ulur (perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të jetë ulur (perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të jemi ulur (first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
të jeni ulur (perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të jenë ulur (perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
të isha ulur (first-person past perfect singular subjunctive)
të ishe ulur (past perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të ishte ulur (past perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të ishim ulur (first-person past perfect plural subjunctive)
të ishit ulur (past perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të ishin ulur (past perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
do të ulesha (conditional first-person imperfect singular)
do të uleshe (conditional imperfect second-person singular)
do të ulesh (ulej) (conditional imperfect singular third-person)
do të uleshim (conditional first-person imperfect plural)
do të uleshit (conditional imperfect plural second-person)
do të uleshin (conditional imperfect plural third-person)
do të isha ulur (conditional first-person past perfect singular)
do të ishe ulur (conditional past perfect second-person singular)
do të ishte ulur (conditional past perfect singular third-person)
do të ishim ulur (conditional first-person past perfect plural)
do të ishit ulur (conditional past perfect plural second-person)
do të ishin ulur (conditional past perfect plural third-person)
u ulsha (first-person optative present singular)
u ulsh (optative present second-person singular)
u ultë (optative present singular third-person)
u ulshim (first-person optative plural present)
u ulshi (optative plural present second-person)
u ulshin (optative plural present third-person)
qofsha ulur (first-person optative perfect singular)
qofsh ulur (optative perfect second-person singular)
qoftë ulur (optative perfect singular third-person)
qofshim ulur (first-person optative perfect plural)
qofshit ulur (optative perfect plural second-person)
qofshin ulur (optative perfect plural third-person)
u ulkam (admirative first-person present singular)
u ulke (admirative present second-person singular)
u ulka (admirative present singular third-person)
u ulkemi (admirative first-person plural present)
u ulkeni (admirative plural present second-person)
u ulkan (admirative plural present third-person)
u ulkësha (admirative first-person imperfect singular)
u ulkëshe (admirative imperfect second-person singular)
u ulkësh (ulkej) (admirative imperfect singular third-person)
u ulkëshim (admirative first-person imperfect plural)
u ulkëshit (admirative imperfect plural second-person)
u ulkëshin (admirative imperfect plural third-person)
qenkam ulur (admirative first-person perfect singular)
qenke ulur (admirative perfect second-person singular)
qenka ulur (admirative perfect singular third-person)
qenkemi ulur (admirative first-person perfect plural)
qenkeni ulur (admirative perfect plural second-person)
qenkan ulur (admirative perfect plural third-person)
qenkësha ulur (admirative first-person past perfect singular)
qenkëshe ulur (admirative past perfect second-person singular)
qenkësh ulur (admirative past perfect singular third-person)
qenkëshim ulur (admirative first-person past perfect plural)
qenkëshit ulur (admirative past perfect plural second-person)
qenkëshin ulur (admirative past perfect plural third-person)
ulu (imperative present second-person singular)
uluni (imperative plural present second-person)
unj (alternative)

From Proto-Albanian *wala, from *wol-o-, o-grade of Proto-Indo-European *wel- (“press together”) (compare Lithuanian valýti (“to clean”), Ancient Greek εἰλέω (eiléō, “press together”)). Variant unj is from *ulnj, from Proto-Albanian *walnja, a causative of the previous.

cog

Ulem.

to sit down, put (someone/something) on a seat (or on the ground)

Ilir, uli krahët.

uli sytë

to pull down (a skirt or shirt, clothes in general)


usta

ustá (canonical masculine)
usta (indefinite nominative singular)
usti (definite nominative singular)
ustallarë (indefinite nominative plural)
ustallarët (definite nominative plural)
usta (accusative indefinite singular)
ustin (accusative definite singular)
ustallarë (accusative indefinite plural)
ustallarët (accusative definite plural)
usti (dative indefinite singular)
ustit (dative definite singular)
ustallarëve (dative indefinite plural)
ustallarëve (dative definite plural)
usti (ablative indefinite singular)
ustit (ablative definite singular)
ustallarësh (ablative indefinite plural)
ustallarëve (ablative definite plural)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish اوستا (usta).


çelik

sq-noun

çelik m (plural çeliqe, definite çeliku, definite plural çeliqet)

çeliqe (plural)
çeliku (definite)
çeliqet (definite plural)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish چلیك (çelik).


godina

inflection of godinë:
definite nominative singular

inflection of godinë:
indefinite nominative/accusative plural


kob

kob m (plural kobë, definite kobi, definite plural kobët)

kobë (plural)
kobi (definite)
kobët (definite plural)
kob (indefinite nominative singular)
kobi (definite nominative singular)
kobë (indefinite nominative plural)
kobët (definite nominative plural)
kob (accusative indefinite singular)
kobin (accusative definite singular)
kobë (accusative indefinite plural)
kobët (accusative definite plural)
kobi (dative indefinite singular)
kobit (dative definite singular)
kobëve (dative indefinite plural)
kobëve (dative definite plural)
kobi (ablative indefinite singular)
kobit (ablative definite singular)
kobësh (ablative indefinite plural)
kobëve (ablative definite plural)

Derived from Proto-Slavic *kobь through a South Slavic language, compare Serbo-Croatian kob (“fate, destiny, omen”) and Bulgarian коба (koba).


kut

sq-noun

kut m (plural kute, definite kuti, definite plural kutet)

kute (plural)
kuti (definite)
kutet (definite plural)

From an earlier kūt, from Proto-Albanian *kuβət, borrowed via Vulgar Latin from Latin cubitum (“elbow, cubit”). Compare also Aromanian, Romanian cot.


lopata

inflection of lopatë:
definite nominative singular

inflection of lopatë:
indefinite nominative/accusative plural


mek

From Proto-Albanian *mek-, from Proto-Indo-European *mek- (“to bleat”). Cognate to Lithuanian meknénti (“to bleat”). An onomatopoeic root.


mek

From Proto-Albanian *maka, related to makë.


rast

rast m (plural raste, definite rasti, definite plural rastet)

raste (plural)
rasti (definite)
rastet (definite plural)
rast (indefinite nominative singular)
rasti (definite nominative singular)
raste (indefinite nominative plural)
rastet (definite nominative plural)
rast (accusative indefinite singular)
rastin (accusative definite singular)
raste (accusative indefinite plural)
rastet (accusative definite plural)
rasti (dative indefinite singular)
rastit (dative definite singular)
rasteve (dative indefinite plural)
rasteve (dative definite plural)
rasti (ablative indefinite singular)
rastit (ablative definite singular)
rastesh (ablative indefinite plural)
rasteve (ablative definite plural)


brazda

inflection of brazdë:
definite nominative singular

inflection of brazdë:
indefinite nominative/accusative plural


urat

definite nominative/accusative plural of urë


kalo

second-person singular imperative of kaloj


barut

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish باروت (bârut), from Arabic بَارُود (bārūd)


nuk

From Proto-Albanian *ne uka (“not one”), from Proto-Indo-European *óynos (“one”). Cognates include Latin unicus, Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌷𐌰 (ainaha), Old High German einac, Old Church Slavonic инокъ (inokŭ, “alone, only, single, sole”). Alternatively, Orel proposes *nuka, composed of *nu (< Proto-Indo-European *né, colored under the influence of the following labiovelar) and *ka (< Proto-Indo-European *kʷo- (*-kʷe), a pronomial stem); thus cognate to Latin neque (“and not”), Sanskrit नच (naca, “and not”), Gothic 𐌽𐌹𐌷 (nih, “and not”), Old Irish nach (“and not”).

cog

nukë (alternative dialectal)
nuku (alternative dialectal)
nauk (alternative dialectal)
nouk (alternative dialectal)
nëkë (alternative dialectal)
nëk (alternative dialectal)
nënk (alternative dialectal)
nëngë (alternative dialectal)
nënkë (alternative dialectal)
nink (alternative dialectal)
nkë (alternative dialectal)
ngë (alternative dialectal)

Ky film nuk është i mirë.

Ai nuk mban syze.

Negates the meaning of the modified verb: not, don't


duhan

sq-noun

duhan m (plural duhane, definite duhani)

duhane (plural)
duhani (definite)
duhan (indefinite nominative singular)
duhani (definite nominative singular)
duhane (indefinite nominative plural)
duhanet (definite nominative plural)
duhan (accusative indefinite singular)
duhanin (accusative definite singular)
duhane (accusative indefinite plural)
duhanet (accusative definite plural)
duhani (dative indefinite singular)
duhanit (dative definite singular)
duhaneve (dative indefinite plural)
duhaneve (dative definite plural)
duhani (ablative indefinite singular)
duhanit (ablative definite singular)
duhanesh (ablative indefinite plural)
duhaneve (ablative definite plural)
duon (alternative dialectal)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish دخان (duhan).

bor+

Nicotiana tabacum
Nicotiana tabacum#Translingual

tobacco (dried and finely chopped leaves of the plant)


bambu

sq-noun

bambu f (definite bambuja, definite plural bambutë)

bambuja (definite)
bambutë (definite plural)

From English bamboo, from Dutch bamboe, from Portuguese bambu, from Malay bambu, from Kannada ಬಮ್ಬು (bambu).


tani

taní (canonical)
tashi (alternative)
tashti (alternative)
nani (alternative)
tash (alternative Gheg)
nime (alternative Gheg)
ime (alternative Gheg)

From Proto-Albanian *ta ̊, from Proto-Indo-European *to- (“it”). Cognate to Lithuanian tadà (“then, thereupon”) and Sanskrit तदा (ta-dā́, “then”). The second element is from Proto-Albanian *nu, from Proto-Indo-European *nu. Cognate to English now.


jep

From older ep (Buzuku), with the initial j- coming from a reanalyzation of "i ep" (roughly, i ep > ijep > i jep). Old Albanian ep further comes from *epi < Proto-Albanian *apijo, also reconstructed as *apīh, *apī(t), from Pre-Proto-Albanian *apii̯i/a-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₁op-éi̯e/o-, meaning "to give" < "to let grasp, have".

ep (alternative)
ēp (alternative Arbëresh)

jap


akull

akull (indefinite nominative singular)
akulli (definite nominative singular)
akuj (indefinite nominative plural)
akujt (definite nominative plural)
akull (accusative indefinite singular)
akullin (accusative definite singular)
akuj (accusative indefinite plural)
akujt (accusative definite plural)
akulli (dative indefinite singular)
akullit (dative definite singular)
akujve (dative indefinite plural)
akujve (dative definite plural)
akulli (ablative indefinite singular)
akullit (ablative definite singular)
akujsh (ablative indefinite plural)
akujve (ablative definite plural)

Uncertain. Possibly:
# A derivation from Proto-Indo-European *keHl- whence also Proto-Celtic *kaletos (“hard”), Proto-Slavic *kaliti (“to temper, harden”), Latin callum (“hardened skin”).
# Borrowed from Germanic, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *jekulaz (“icicle”).
# Akin Old Armenian ոյծ (oyc, “cold, frost”), suffixed with -ull, though the two terms are phonologically incompatible.


akull

akullë (alternative archaic)
akëll (alternative dialectal)
hakull (alternative dialectal)


akull

Possibly akin to Italian aculeo (“thorn”).

s'e pyrχγaccu aculi

1873, Girolamo de Rada, Canti di Milosao, canto 1, page 14, line 9:


hekur

sq-noun

hekur m (plural hekura, definite hekuri, definite plural hekurat)

hekura (plural)
hekuri (definite)
hekurat (definite plural)
hekur (indefinite nominative singular)
hekuri (definite nominative singular)
hekura (indefinite nominative plural)
hekurat (definite nominative plural)
hekur (accusative indefinite singular)
hekurin (accusative definite singular)
hekura (accusative indefinite plural)
hekurat (accusative definite plural)
hekuri (dative indefinite singular)
hekurit (dative definite singular)
hekurave (dative indefinite plural)
hekurave (dative definite plural)
hekuri (ablative indefinite singular)
hekurit (ablative definite singular)
hekurash (ablative indefinite plural)
hekurave (ablative definite plural)
hekër (alternative Gheg)
ekur (alternative)

Uncertain. There are various possibilities.
# a substrate pre-Indo-European word with no recorded or surviving cognates (words for technologies are retained, otherwise we would have expected Albanian to have borrowed the word for iron from one of the many neighbors, invaders or directly from PIE)
# a substrate word cognate to Old Armenian երկաթ (erkatʻ), via a proto-form with metathesis *herku
# related to hekë, from Proto-Indo-European *skek- (“to jump, be agile”), thus 'to tremble, shiver', literally 'that which trembles, jingles', with a semantic development similar to kërcej, meaning both 'to jump, dance' and 'to make a cracking sound'.
# an irregular cognate of Ancient Greek ἄγκυρα (ánkura, “anchor”).
# from *soikros (Gustav Meyer), akin to Sanskrit सिञ्चति (siñcáti, “to pour out, discharge, emit, shed”)


arrë

sq-noun

arrë f (plural arra, definite arra, definite plural arrat)

arra (plural)
arra (definite)
arrat (definite plural)
arrë (indefinite nominative singular)
arra (definite nominative singular)
arra (indefinite nominative plural)
arrat (definite nominative plural)
arrë (accusative indefinite singular)
arrën (accusative definite singular)
arra (accusative indefinite plural)
arrat (accusative definite plural)
arre (dative indefinite singular)
arrës (dative definite singular)
arrave (dative indefinite plural)
arrave (dative definite plural)
arre (ablative indefinite singular)
arrës (ablative definite singular)
arrash (ablative indefinite plural)
arrave (ablative definite plural)

From Proto-Albanian *aruā, from Proto-Indo-European *areyis-. Compare Ancient Greek ἄρυα (árua), Latvian riẽksts, Old Church Slavonic орѣхъ (orěxŭ).

Juglans regia
Juglans regia#Translingual

(botany) walnut (tree and fruit) (Juglans regia)


dru

dru m (plural drurë, definite druri, definite plural drutë)

drurë (plural)
druri (definite)
drutë (definite plural)
drû (alternative Gheg)

Inherited from Proto-Albanian *druwa, from Proto-Indo-European *druh₂-ó-m, from *dóru. Compare Ancient Greek δρῦς (drûs) and others.


miell

miell m (plural miellra, definite mielli, definite plural miellrat)

miellra (plural)
mielli (definite)
miellrat (definite plural)
miell (indefinite nominative singular)
mielli (definite nominative singular)
miellra (indefinite nominative plural)
miellrat (definite nominative plural)
miell (accusative indefinite singular)
miellin (accusative definite singular)
miellra (accusative indefinite plural)
miellrat (accusative definite plural)
mielli (dative indefinite singular)
miellit (dative definite singular)
miellrave (dative indefinite plural)
miellrave (dative definite plural)
mielli (ablative indefinite singular)
miellit (ablative definite singular)
miellrash (ablative indefinite plural)
miellrave (ablative definite plural)
mjell (alternative)

From Proto-Albanian *melwa, from Proto-Indo-European *melh₂-wo-m, from *melh₂- (“to grind up”), close to German Mehl (“id”), Greek μύλος (mýlos), Latin molere. Compare also Romanian mălai. Ultimately a doublet of mëllë.


uthull

úthull (canonical feminine)
uthulla (definite)


gomar

gomar m (plural gomarë, definite gomari, definite plural gomarët); feminine equivalent gomaricë

gomar (canonical masculine)
feminine equivalent gomaricë (canonical)
gomarë (plural)
gomari (definite)
gomarët (definite plural)
gomar (indefinite nominative singular)
gomari (definite nominative singular)
gomarë (indefinite nominative plural)
gomarët (definite nominative plural)
gomar (accusative indefinite singular)
gomarin (accusative definite singular)
gomarë (accusative indefinite plural)
gomarët (accusative definite plural)
gomari (dative indefinite singular)
gomarit (dative definite singular)
gomarëve (dative indefinite plural)
gomarëve (dative definite plural)
gomari (ablative indefinite singular)
gomarit (ablative definite singular)
gomarësh (ablative indefinite plural)
gomarëve (ablative definite plural)

the amount of weight a donkey can carry, used as a measurement


dorë

dorë f (plural duar, definite dora, definite plural duart)

duar (plural)
dora (definite)
duart (definite plural)
dorë (indefinite nominative singular)
dora (definite nominative singular)
duar (indefinite nominative plural)
duart (definite nominative plural)
dorë (accusative indefinite singular)
dorën (accusative definite singular)
duar (accusative indefinite plural)
duart (accusative definite plural)
doreje (dative indefinite singular)
dorës (dative definite singular)
duarve (dative indefinite plural)
duarve (dative definite plural)
doreje (ablative indefinite singular)
dorës (ablative definite singular)
duarsh (ablative indefinite plural)
duarve (ablative definite plural)

From Proto-Albanian *dāsrā, from pre-Albanian *ǵʰēsreh₂, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰes- (compare Greek χέρι (chéri), Armenian ձեռք (jeṙkʻ), Tocharian A tsar), ultimately from *ǵʰes-.


diell

diell m (plural diej, definite dielli, definite plural diejt)

diej (plural)
dielli (definite)
diejt (definite plural)
diell (indefinite nominative singular)
dielli (definite nominative singular)
diej (indefinite nominative plural)
diejt (definite nominative plural)
diell (accusative indefinite singular)
diellin (accusative definite singular)
diej (accusative indefinite plural)
diejt (accusative definite plural)
dielli (dative indefinite singular)
diellit (dative definite singular)
diejve (dative indefinite plural)
diejve (dative definite plural)
dielli (ablative indefinite singular)
diellit (ablative definite singular)
diejsh (ablative indefinite plural)
diejve (ablative definite plural)
djel (alternative)

Disputed:
#From Proto-Albanian *delwa, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“gleam, yellow”), a tabooistic substitute of the original *sóh₂wl̥, based on a color objective. Cognate with Sanskrit हरि (hari), Latin helvus, Lithuanian žalias.
#From Proto-Indo-European *sh₂wélyos (“sun”), from the oblique stem of *sóh₂wl̥. For the development of the initial compare djersë (“sweat”) from *sweyd-, and dergjem (“lie ill”), from mediopassive Proto-Indo-European *sworgʰéyeti, from *swergʰ- (“watch over, worry”).
#From *dʲęła- < *dela- < PIE *ǵʰelh₃u̯o- "the yellow one".


korb

sq-noun

korb m (plural korba, definite korbi, definite plural korbat)

korba (plural)
korbi (definite)
korbat (definite plural)
korb (indefinite nominative singular)
korbi (definite nominative singular)
korba (indefinite nominative plural)
korbat (definite nominative plural)
korb (accusative indefinite singular)
korbin (accusative definite singular)
korba (accusative indefinite plural)
korbat (accusative definite plural)
korbi (dative indefinite singular)
korbit (dative definite singular)
korbave (dative indefinite plural)
korbave (dative definite plural)
korbi (ablative indefinite singular)
korbit (ablative definite singular)
korbash (ablative indefinite plural)
korbave (ablative definite plural)

Borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin corvus. Compare Romanian corb, Italian corvo.


lende

lende f (plural lende, definite lendja, definite plural lendet)

lende (plural)
lendja (definite)
lendet (definite plural)
lend (alternative)
len (alternative Gheg)
land (alternative Gheg)
lënde (alternative Tosk)
lëndë (alternative Tosk)
linde (alternative)
lëndre (alternative Arvanitika)
vlendë (alternative dialectal)

Uncertain. The original form was likely lend m and lende arose as a back-formation from its plural. The variant with vl- is almost certainly secondary.
# Akin to other Indo-European terms for “lentil”, such as Latin lēns, lentis, Lithuanian lę̃šis, German Linse, though the ultimate origin is unclear.
# Borrowed from Vulgar Latin glāns, glandis (“acorn”), whence actually gjëndër (“gland”), although the initial l- would be left unexplained.


tru

sq-noun

tru m (plural tru, definite truri, definite plural trutë)

tru (plural)
truri (definite)
trutë (definite plural)

From Proto-Albanian *taruna, from Proto-Indo-European *teruno (“tender, soft”). Compare Sanskrit तरुण (táruṇa, “young, fresh”), Ancient Greek τέρην (térēn), Italian tenero.


dele

sq-noun

déle f (plural dele, definite delja, definite plural delet)

déle (canonical feminine)
dele (plural)
delja (definite)
delet (definite plural)
dele (indefinite nominative singular)
delja (definite nominative singular)
dele (indefinite nominative plural)
delet (definite nominative plural)
dele (accusative indefinite singular)
delen (accusative definite singular)
dele (accusative indefinite plural)
delet (accusative definite plural)
deleje (dative indefinite singular)
deles (dative definite singular)
deleve (dative indefinite plural)
deleve (dative definite plural)
deleje (ablative indefinite singular)
deles (ablative definite singular)
delesh (ablative indefinite plural)
deleve (ablative definite plural)
delme (alternative Gheg)

From Proto-Albanian *dailjā, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-l-. Compare Old English delu (“teat”). More at djalë.
Possibly the source of the Illyrian tribe name Dalmatae.


elb

From Proto-Albanian *albi-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élbʰit (compare Ancient Greek ἄλφι (álphi, “barley meal”), Pashto [script needed] (ōrbaše)).


grumbull

sq-noun

grúmbull m (plural grumbuj, definite grumbulli, definite plural grumbujt)

grúmbull (canonical masculine)
grumbuj (plural)
grumbulli (definite)
grumbujt (definite plural)
grumbull (indefinite nominative singular)
grumbulli (definite nominative singular)
grumbuj (indefinite nominative plural)
grumbujt (definite nominative plural)
grumbull (accusative indefinite singular)
grumbullin (accusative definite singular)
grumbuj (accusative indefinite plural)
grumbujt (accusative definite plural)
grumbulli (dative indefinite singular)
grumbullit (dative definite singular)
grumbujve (dative indefinite plural)
grumbujve (dative definite plural)
grumbulli (ablative indefinite singular)
grumbullit (ablative definite singular)
grumbujsh (ablative indefinite plural)
grumbujve (ablative definite plural)

A -ull lengthening of grumb, from Proto-Albanian *grumba, from Proto-Indo-European *gru(m)bʰ, derivative of Proto-Indo-European *grewb- (“to crumple, bend, crawl”). Identical with Latvian grumbulains (“uneven, rough”), and close to Old Church Slavonic grǫbь (grǫbĭ, “ignorant, uneducated”), Old Norse kryppa (“hump”).


krap

sq-noun

krap m (plural krapa, definite krapi, definite plural krapat)

krapa (plural)
krapi (definite)
krapat (definite plural)

From South Slavic; compare Bulgarian крап (krap), Serbo-Croatian krȁp.

(northern Gheg) kind of snapdragon, variety of orchid


krap

From Proto-Albanian *krapa, from Proto-Indo-European *kreh₁p- (“strong”) (compare Welsh craff, Serbo-Croatian krȉjep).


varr

varr m (plural varre, definite varri, definite plural varret)

varre (plural)
varri (definite)
varret (definite plural)
varr (indefinite nominative singular)
varri (definite nominative singular)
varre (indefinite nominative plural)
varret (definite nominative plural)
varr (accusative indefinite singular)
varrin (accusative definite singular)
varre (accusative indefinite plural)
varret (accusative definite plural)
varri (dative indefinite singular)
varrit (dative definite singular)
varreve (dative indefinite plural)
varreve (dative definite plural)
varri (ablative indefinite singular)
varrit (ablative definite singular)
varresh (ablative indefinite plural)
varreve (ablative definite plural)
vorr (alternative Gheg)

From Proto-Albanian *ā̆ur(V)n, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁er-, close to Gothic 𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌾𐍉𐌼 (aurahjōm, “monuments, tombs”, dat. pl.), Old English ēar (“grave, earth”).


zot

sq-noun

zot m (plural zotër, definite zoti, definite plural zotërat)

zotër (plural)
zoti (definite)
zotërat (definite plural)
zot (indefinite nominative singular)
zoti (definite nominative singular)
zotër (indefinite nominative plural)
zotërat (definite nominative plural)
zot (accusative indefinite singular)
zotin (accusative definite singular)
zotër (accusative indefinite plural)
zotërat (accusative definite plural)
zoti (dative indefinite singular)
zotit (dative definite singular)
zotërve (dative indefinite plural)
zotërve (dative definite plural)
zoti (ablative indefinite singular)
zotit (ablative definite singular)
zotërsh (ablative indefinite plural)
zotërve (ablative definite plural)
Zojzi (alternative)
zotë (alternative)

*From older zota, from Proto-Albanian *dzwāpt, from *w(i)tspáti, from Proto-Indo-European *wiḱpótis (“clan leader”) (compare Lithuanian viēšpats, Avestan 𐬬𐬍𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (vīspaⁱti)), compound of *weyḱ- (“clan, extended family”) (compare Ancient Greek οἰκία (oikía, “house (clan)”), Avestan 𐬬𐬌𐬚 (viθ, “royal court”)) and *pótis (“master”) (compare Ancient Greek πόσις (pósis, “husband”), Tocharian A pats (“husband”)).
*From an old compound for "Sky father": Proto-Albanian *dźie̅u ̊ + *a(t)t-, from *dyew- (“sky”) + *átta (“father”), compare Sanskrit द्यौष्पितृ (dyáuṣ-pitṛ́), Proto-Italic *djous patēr (whence Latin Iuppiter), Ancient Greek Ζεῦ πάτερ (Zeû páter). The radical zot contains the zero-grade radical of Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws.
* From Proto-Albanian *di̯āt-i- < *di̯opti- < *dəi̯ópəti- < *dei̯i̯ā́(h) páti(h) < Proto-Indo-European *desi̯áh₂s pótis (“Master of the servants”). Related to տեր (ter, “owner”).


zot

sq-noun

zot m (plural zotërínj, definite zoti, definite plural zotërinjtë)

zotërínj (plural)
zoti (definite)
zotërinjtë (definite plural)
zot (indefinite nominative singular)
zoti (definite nominative singular)
zotërinj (indefinite nominative plural)
zotërinjtë (definite nominative plural)
zot (accusative indefinite singular)
zotin (accusative definite singular)
zotërinj (accusative indefinite plural)
zotërinjtë (accusative definite plural)
zoti (dative indefinite singular)
zotit (dative definite singular)
zotërinjve (dative indefinite plural)
zotërinjve (dative definite plural)
zoti (ablative indefinite singular)
zotit (ablative definite singular)
zotërinjsh (ablative indefinite plural)
zotërinjve (ablative definite plural)
Zojzi (alternative)
zotë (alternative)

lord, head of a wealthy family with servants


merr

Si? Ti merr drogë?

second-person singular active present indicative of marr ((you) take)

Merri!

Merre!

Merr!

second-person singular active present imperative of marr (Take!)

Ai merr, ajo merr ...

E merr Sandra.

third-person singular active present indicative of marr ((it) takes)


pret

third-person singular of pres: he/she/it cuts


lym

lym m (plural lyma, definite lymi, definite plural lymat)

lyma (plural)
lymi (definite)
lymat (definite plural)
llym (alternative)

From Proto-Albanian *lū̆m-, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *lewH- (“to spoil”) + *-m-. Cognate with Ancient Greek λῦμα (lûma, “dirt, filth, blemish”) and perhaps English slip (< *(s)lewbʰ-). Alternatively, borrowed from the Ancient Greek.


llum

A formation of lym with expressive anlaut, which in its turn has caused the velarization of the following vowel.


qiell

sq-noun

qiell m (plural qiej, definite qielli, definite plural qiejt)

qiej (plural)
qielli (definite)
qiejt (definite plural)
qiell (indefinite nominative singular)
qielli (definite nominative singular)
qiej (indefinite nominative plural)
qiejt (definite nominative plural)
qiell (accusative indefinite singular)
qiellin (accusative definite singular)
qiej (accusative indefinite plural)
qiejt (accusative definite plural)
qielli (dative indefinite singular)
qiellit (dative definite singular)
qiejve (dative indefinite plural)
qiejve (dative definite plural)
qielli (ablative indefinite singular)
qiellit (ablative definite singular)
qiejsh (ablative indefinite plural)
qiejve (ablative definite plural)
qillë (alternative Gheg)

Borrowed from Vulgar Latin, from Latin caelum (“sky, heaven”), specifically from the nominative plural caelī. First attested as feminine qiell/qiellja (Buzuku). Compare Italian cielo, Romanian cer.


qelb

qelb m (plural qelbra, definite qelbi, definite plural qelbrat)

qelbra (plural)
qelbi (definite)
qelbrat (definite plural)
kelb (alternative)
kelp (alternative)
kelpt (alternative)

From Proto-Albanian *kalba, from Proto-Indo-European *gṷol-bh. Compare Armenian կեղ (keġ, “tumor”). Related to kalb.


derr

derra (plural)
derr (indefinite nominative singular)
derri (definite nominative singular)
derra (indefinite nominative plural)
derrat (definite nominative plural)
derr (accusative indefinite singular)
derrin (accusative definite singular)
derra (accusative indefinite plural)
derrat (accusative definite plural)
derri (dative indefinite singular)
derrit (dative definite singular)
derrave (dative indefinite plural)
derrave (dative definite plural)
derri (ablative indefinite singular)
derrit (ablative definite singular)
derrash (ablative indefinite plural)
derrave (ablative definite plural)
derrë (alternative)
derk (alternative)

From Proto-Albanian *darja (“pig”), from *ǵʰóryos (“pig”) (compare Greek χοίρος (choíros, “id”)), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰḗr (“hedgehog”), from *ǵʰer- (“to be excited, bristly”) (compare Latin horrere (“to bristle, tremble”)).
Perhaps the source of the name of the Illyrian tribe Deuri.


yll

yll m (plural yje, definite ylli, definite plural yjet)

yje (plural)
ylli (definite)
yjet (definite plural)
yll (indefinite nominative singular)
ylli (definite nominative singular)
yje (indefinite nominative plural)
yjet (definite nominative plural)
yll (accusative indefinite singular)
yllin (accusative definite singular)
yje (accusative indefinite plural)
yjet (accusative definite plural)
ylli (dative indefinite singular)
yllit (dative definite singular)
yjeve (dative indefinite plural)
yjeve (dative definite plural)
ylli (ablative indefinite singular)
yllit (ablative definite singular)
yjesh (ablative indefinite plural)
yjeve (ablative definite plural)
hyll (alternative)
uvill (alternative Eastern Gheg)
uj (alternative Eastern Gheg)
ydh (alternative Eastern Gheg)
ill (alternative Arbëresh Arvanitika)
ull (alternative Arbëresh Arvanitika)
ile (alternative Arbëresh Arvanitika)
yyll (alternative obsolete)
uill (alternative obsolete)

Disputed. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₁us-los, whence Old English ysle, Old Norse usli (“embers”), from *h₁ews- (“to burn”). Alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *h₂us-los, compare Sanskrit उस्र (usrá, “reddish, ruddy; bright; matutinal”), from *h₂ews- (“to dawn”). Also in view of the alternative with h-, there have been posited connections with *sóh₂wl̥, *sh₂wén- (“sun”), whence Latin sōl, and with *(s)ḱeh₃ih₂ (“shadow”), whence Albanian hije.


qind

Possibly borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin centum.


avull

sq-noun

ávull m (plural avuj, definite avulli, definite plural avujt)

ávull (canonical masculine)
avuj (plural)
avulli (definite)
avujt (definite plural)
avull (indefinite nominative singular)
avulli (definite nominative singular)
avuj (indefinite nominative plural)
avujt (definite nominative plural)
avull (accusative indefinite singular)
avullin (accusative definite singular)
avuj (accusative indefinite plural)
avujt (accusative definite plural)
avulli (dative indefinite singular)
avullit (dative definite singular)
avujve (dative indefinite plural)
avujve (dative definite plural)
avulli (ablative indefinite singular)
avullit (ablative definite singular)
avujsh (ablative indefinite plural)
avujve (ablative definite plural)

Aromanian: abur

Romanian: abur

Inherited from Proto-Albanian *abula, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥bʰel-, from *nébʰos (“cloud”). Closely related to Messapic atabulus. Compare Latin nebula (“mist, cloud”), Old English nifol (“mist, darkness”), Ancient Greek νεφέλη (nephélē). Compare also Romanian abur.


cange

indefinite dative/ablative singular of cangë


gropë

gropë f (plural gropa, definite gropa, definite plural gropat)

gropa (plural)
gropa (definite)
gropat (definite plural)
gropë (indefinite nominative singular)
gropa (definite nominative singular)
gropa (indefinite nominative plural)
gropat (definite nominative plural)
gropë (accusative indefinite singular)
gropën (accusative definite singular)
gropa (accusative indefinite plural)
gropat (accusative definite plural)
grope (dative indefinite singular)
gropës (dative definite singular)
gropave (dative indefinite plural)
gropave (dative definite plural)
grope (ablative indefinite singular)
gropës (ablative definite singular)
gropash (ablative indefinite plural)
gropave (ablative definite plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰrebʰ- (“to scratch, dig”). Akin to Romanian groapă. Compare Old Norse grǫf (“pit, pothole, grave”), grǫptr (“graving, grave, burial, funeral”), Old Church Slavonic гробъ (grobŭ, “grave”) and English grave. Alternatively related to southeastern Montenegrin dialectal form (grȍp) of Serbo-Croatian grȍb.


buli

sq-noun

buli m (plural bulinj, definite bulini, definite plural bulinjtë)

bulinj (plural)
bulini (definite)
bulinjtë (definite plural)

Related to ulpëti and ulzë, from Proto-Albanian *ul-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁élem (“mountain elm”). Compare Latin ulmus, Welsh llwyf and English elm.


drau

inflection of dra:
definite nominative singular

inflection of dra:
indefinite dative/ablative singular


lisa

indefinite nominative/accusative plural of lis


aty

From Proto-Albanian *a-tua, from Pre-Proto-Albanian *aw-tua, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂aw- + *tuó "there in the distance".

atu (alternative)
atī (alternative Arbëresh)


raki

rakí (canonical feminine)
raki (plural)
rakia (definite)
raqi (alternative archaic dialectal)

→ Aromanian: rãchii

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish راقی (rakı).

bor+

raki kumbulle


aga

sq-noun

aga m (plural agallarë, definite agai, definite plural agallarët)

agallarë (plural)
agai (definite)
agallarët (definite plural)
aga (indefinite nominative singular)
agai (definite nominative singular)
agallarë (indefinite nominative plural)
agallarët (definite nominative plural)
aga (accusative indefinite singular)
aganë (accusative definite singular)
agallarë (accusative indefinite plural)
agallarët (accusative definite plural)
agai (dative indefinite singular)
agait (dative definite singular)
agallarëve (dative indefinite plural)
agallarëve (dative definite plural)
agai (ablative indefinite singular)
agait (ablative definite singular)
agallarësh (ablative indefinite plural)
agallarëve (ablative definite plural)
agë (alternative)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish آغا (aġa, “a lord or master”).

bor+

agha, Ottoman nobleman with a landed estate (ranging below bey)

(derogatory) pretentious or officious person


Gerald

Gerald (indefinite nominative singular)
Geraldi (definite nominative singular)
Gerald (accusative indefinite singular)
Geraldin (accusative definite singular)
Geraldi (indefinite singular)
Geraldit (definite singular)


liri

sq-noun

lirí f (plural liri, definite liria, definite plural liritë)

lirí (canonical feminine)
liri (plural)
liria (definite)
liritë (definite plural)
liri (indefinite nominative singular)
liria (definite nominative singular)
liri (indefinite nominative plural)
liritë (definite nominative plural)
liri (accusative indefinite singular)
lirinë (accusative definite singular)
liri (accusative indefinite plural)
liritë (accusative definite plural)
lirie (dative indefinite singular)
lirisë (dative definite singular)
lirive (dative indefinite plural)
lirive (dative definite plural)
lirie (ablative indefinite singular)
lirisë (ablative definite singular)
lirish (ablative indefinite plural)
lirive (ablative definite plural)