latin

gjuha latine

alfabeti latin

Amerika Latine


re

një vajzë e re

Djata e re


me

Ancient Greek language
Old Armenian language

From Proto-Indo-European *manu, compare Ancient Greek μανός (manós, “thin”), Old Armenian մանր (manr, “small”). Alternatively it could represent a continuation of Proto-Indo-European *mṇi̯ō, to be compared with Latin minuō (“lessen”), Proto-Slavic *mьnь (“smaller”) and the like.


verbal

Internationalism, compare English verbal, Italian verbale.


lig

head

i lig (feminine e ligë, masculine plural të lig, feminine plural të liga)

i lig (canonical)
e ligë (feminine)
të lig (masculine plural)
të liga (feminine plural)

From Proto-Albanian *liga, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ligos (“indigent, needy, ill”). Cognate to Lithuanian ligà (“illness”), Old Irish líach (“wretched”).


horizontal

Probably from English horizontal; the -al adjectival suffix is neither native to Albanian, nor was it borrowed from Latin earlier on.


eng

From Proto-Albanian *anga, related to Lithuanian angùs (“sluggish, lazy, idle”), éngti (“to strangle”), Latvian îgt (“to wear off, to languish”), and Gothic 𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌿𐍃 (aggwus, “narrow”).


pis

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish پیس (pis, “dirty, filthy, foul”).


ar

Borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin aurum (“gold”). Considering the rendering of Latin au- as Albanian ā-, it is a relatively archaic borrowing. Although Arbëresh dialects preserve the original Latin neuter, in standard Albanian it is masculine.

Ai/ajo e ka zemrën ar.

(figurative) blonde, bright, light (hair)


tyre

i tyre (canonical masculine)
e tyre (feminine)
i tyre (masculine nominative singular)
e tyre (feminine nominative singular)
e tyre (masculine nominative plural)
e tyre (feminine nominative plural)
e tyre (accusative masculine singular)
e tyre (accusative feminine singular)
e tyre (accusative masculine plural)
e tyre (accusative feminine plural)
të tyre (ablative dative genitive masculine singular)
së tyre (ablative dative feminine genitive singular)
të tyre (ablative dative genitive masculine plural)
të tyre (ablative dative feminine genitive plural)


more

Probably borrowed from Southern Slavic море ("sea").

dark blue Glossed as Polish szafirowe by Simon Kazanxhiu (ca. 1820).


vendor

From vendos (“to decide, to place”) + -or (adjective-forming suffix).


ter

From Proto-Albanian *taura, from Proto-Indo-European *táwros.

dem ter


gati

From Proto-Albanian *gat-, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (“to go”). Cognate to Sanskrit गति (gáti-, “going, course”), Proto-Slavic *gatь (cf. Russian гать (gatʹ, “road of brushwood, weir”)), Romanian gata (“ready”). For sense development compare Germanic *funsaz "ready, willing", from Proto-Indo-European *pn̥tstós "to tread, to go". Related to ngas.


cup

From Proto-Albanian *tˢupa, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱuh₁-po- (compare Sanskrit शोफ (śópha, “swelling”)), from *ḱuh₁- (“to swell up”).


trink

Clipping of i ri trink, a semi-calque of Venetian novo de trinca, Italian nuovo di trinca. A derivative of trim + -kë is also possible.


kot

Theoretically from Proto-Albanian *kākta, of uncertain origin; potentially akin to Lithuanian koktùs (“disgusting”) via Proto-Indo-European. An older hypothesis connects it to Ancient Greek κότος (kótos, “rancor, grudge”).


lis

Most likely a formation after lëndë (“timber”), similarly to the connection of vis with vend.
Alternatively, Orel suggests a borrowing from Proto-Slavic *lěsъ (“forest, woods”), whence Serbo-Croatian lȇs／ле̑с, Bulgarian лес (les), although in this case one would expect the auslaut to have gone palatalization. Because of the /-i-/ < *-ě-, the Slavic dialect is identified as Ikavian.


matematik

head

matematik (feminine matematike, masculine plural matematikë, feminine plural matematike)

matematike (feminine)
matematikë (masculine plural)
matematike (feminine plural)


politik

politik (feminine politike, masculine plural politikë, feminine plural politike)

politike (feminine)
politikë (masculine plural)
politike (feminine plural)


adhurueshëm

i adhurueshëm (feminine e adhurueshme, masculine plural të adhurueshëm, feminine plural të adhurueshme)

i adhurueshëm (canonical)
e adhurueshme (feminine)
të adhurueshëm (masculine plural)
të adhurueshme (feminine plural)


afërm

close, intimate, relations, relatives, near, nearby, next


admirueshëm

i admirueshëm (feminine e admirueshme, masculine plural të admirueshëm, feminine plural të admirueshme)

i admirueshëm (canonical)
e admirueshme (feminine)
të admirueshëm (masculine plural)
të admirueshme (feminine plural)


acar

From Proto-Albanian *atsara, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḱrós, from the root *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”). Compare Old Irish aicher (“sharp, fierce, bitter”), Latin ācer (“pungent, acidic; sharp-minded”), Ancient Greek ἄκρος (ákros, “pointed, sharp; at the edge”), ἄκρον (ákron, “peak, sharp point, edge”).

cog

neat (of a person's clothing, appearance)


abstrakt

head

abstrakt (feminine abstrakte, masculine plural abstraktë, feminine plural abstrakte)

abstrakte (feminine)
abstraktë (masculine plural)
abstrakte (feminine plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin abstractus.


vet

i vet (canonical)
i vet (masculine nominative singular)
e vet (feminine nominative singular)
e vet (masculine nominative plural)
e veta (feminine nominative plural)
e vet (accusative masculine singular)
e vet (accusative feminine singular)
e vet (accusative masculine plural)
e veta (accusative feminine plural)
të vet (ablative dative genitive masculine singular)
së vet (ablative dative feminine genitive singular)
të vet (ablative dative genitive masculine plural)
të veta (ablative dative feminine genitive plural)

Aleksandri është me Albanin dhe qenin e vet.
Aleksandër is with Alban and his (own) dog.


pec

From Proto-Albanian *paitsa, from Proto-Indo-European *peiḱ. Related to Old Norse feigr (“close to death”), Lithuanian paĩkas (“stupid”).


negative

inflection of negativ:
feminine singular


evident

From Italian evidente, from earlier Latin ēvidentem.


helm

Uncertain, possibly a formation in -më. Several hypotheses have been proposed:
# Akin to Old High German scalmo (“plague”) (German Schelm).
# Connection with Ancient Greek χάλιμα (khálima) can only be justified as a borrowing from it.
# Akin to Sanskrit आल (āla, “poison”).
# Akin to Ancient Greek σκάλμη (skálmē, “Thracian knife”).
Possibly akin to halbë (“scab, scale on the skin”), halë (“bone”), hell (“skewer, pike”), dialectal helmë (“ax edge”). These would make the original sense “(poisoned) weapon”, only later becoming “poison”.


gul

From Proto-Albanian *gula, from Proto-Indo-European *gelH-; cognate with English callow, Serbo-Croatian gol, Latvian gāle (“sheet of ice, black ice”). Possibly related to ngul.


administrative

njësi administrative

njësitë administrative


murg

Borrowed from Vulgar Latin, from Late Latin monachus.

(colloquial, usually before the noun) wretched, miserable


murg

From Proto-Albanian *murga, from *morHgʷo, from Proto-Indo-European *(h₂)merHgʷ- (compare Old English mierce (“darkness”), Lithuanian márgas (“multicolored”), Ancient Greek ἀμορβός (amorbós, “dark”)).


ri

head

i ri (feminine e re, masculine plural të rinj, feminine plural të reja)

i ri (canonical)
e re (feminine)
të rinj (masculine plural)
të reja (feminine plural)

From Proto-Albanian *(h)eríja- 'of this time, from this time, presently, of now > new, recent', a derivative of Alb. herë '(one) time, hour' etc., which is an old loan-word from Latin hōra 'time, hour' etc.; the Albanian substantive is historically not compatible with a reconstruction Proto-Indo-European *h₁r̥wo-, zero-grade of *h₁orwo- (compare Old English earu (“quick”), Tocharian B ārwer (“ready”), Avestan aruuant- (“quick, brave”)), as it has been proposed in the literature. According to R. Matasovic (A grammatical sketch of Albanian for students of Indo-European. Zadar 2018), the etymology of the adjective is controversial and has no accepted source or from substrate.

një vajzë e re

filma të rinj


aktiv

aktiv (feminine aktive, masculine plural aktivë, feminine plural aktive)

aktive (feminine)
aktivë (masculine plural)
aktive (feminine plural)

A modern borrowing, from English active.


shqip

Translingual: sq

According to Vladimir Orel, either a calque of Proto-Slavic *slověne (“Slavs”) using shqipoj (“to speak clearly”), or else from shqipe, shkype, dialectal forms of shkabë (“eagle”), according to a tribal totemic belief linked to the Albanian medieval flag. Replaced the now dialectal (Arbëresh, Arvanitika) arbër, αρbε̰ρ (arbër) ~ arbën.
The first trace of the name "Shqiptar" appears at the end of the XIV century in the town of Drisht (Drivastum) of Northern Albania as a family name (1368 - 1402: Schibudar, Schepuder, Schapudar, Scapuder).
Petar Skok suggested that this word is originated from Scupi (Shkupi), the capital of the Roman province of Dardania (today's Skopje). According to Petar Skok, the Albanian demonym Shkuptar (as in inhabitant of Skopje) changed to Shkiptar, which is still used among Arvanite Albanians in Greece, and later to Shqiptar.

gjuha shqipe


financiar

dështim financiar


ve

From Proto-Albanian *widewā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁widʰéwh₂ (compare English widow, Latin vidua).


armen

Armenian (of, from, or pertaining to Armenia, Armenians, the language or alphabet)


akull

Uncertain. Possibly:
# A derivation from Proto-Indo-European *keHl- whence also Proto-Celtic *kaletos (“hard”), Proto-Slavic *kaliti (“to temper, harden”), Latin callum (“hardened skin”).
# Borrowed from Germanic, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *jekulaz (“icicle”).
# Akin Old Armenian ոյծ (oyc, “cold, frost”), suffixed with -ull, though the two terms are phonologically incompatible.


bardhë

desc

→ Bulgarian: барз (barz), ба́рзав (bárzav), бардз (bardz), ба́рдзав (bárdzav), бардзи́в (bardzív, “neither white nor colourful, greyish and partially white”)

→ Serbo-Croatian: bȁrz (“a goat with white stripes”), adjectives bàrzan, bȁrzav, bȁrzast (“neither white nor colourful, greyish and partially white”)

→ Turkish: barza

From Proto-Albanian *bardza, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰórh₁ǵos, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵ- (“to shine, whiten”), whence also Lithuanian brėkšti (“to dawn”), Proto-Slavic *brězgъ (“dawn, daybreak”), Proto-Germanic *berhtaz (“bright, shining”), Persian برازیدن (barâzidan, “to beautify”), Sanskrit भ्राजते (bhrājate, “he shines”). Possibly closely related to Illyrian Βάρδυλις (Bárdulis) and Messapic barzidihi, see the entries for more.

cog

Coordinate term: zi (“black”)

kalë i bardhë

verë e bardhë

plepi i bardhë

çek i bardhë

ditë të bardha


shyt

From South Slavic; compare Serbo-Croatian šȕt, Bulgarian шут (šut).

handleless, spoutless, or neckless (vessel)


bukur

i bukur (canonical)
të bukura (feminine plural)

From Proto-Albanian *bukura, derivative of *buk- (“lush, lusty”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰoHu- (“to grow, swell”), close to Proto-Germanic *būkaz (“belly, body”), compare Icelandic búkur (“torso”), English bouk, German Bauch, Old Czech buj (“mad, foolish”)). Similar sense development as with kolmë. Related to bukël. The Proto-Albanian root supposedly had a cognate in Dacian.

der

Ai po kërkon një vajzë të bukur.


zi

head

i zi (feminine e zezë, masculine plural të zinj, feminine plural të zeza)

i zi (canonical)
e zezë (feminine)
të zinj (masculine plural)
të zeza (feminine plural)

Contraction of *zëi, from Proto-Albanian *džedi, from earlier *džedíja, from *gʷedijos, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷewH- (“to defile”) (compare Dutch kwaad (“angry, evil”), Serbo-Croatian gȁd (“loathing, nausea”)).


fyell

From Proto-Albanian *spāli, from Proto-Indo-European *spel- (compare Greek σπήλαιο (spílaio, “cave, cavern”)).

e ka trupin fyell

e ka mendjen fyell


flutur

Orel proposes a back-formation from fluturoj (“to fly; go fast”), from a Vulgar Latin *fluctulāre, from Latin fluctuare.
Alternatively, the word could come from Proto-Albanian *flugtur, forming a group of words together with fletë, flatër, flegër, flugë. The word may have been borrowed into Romanian as fluture.


shtrembër

head

i shtrembër (feminine plural të shtrembëra)

i shtrembër (canonical)
të shtrembëra (feminine plural)


gjelbër

i gjelbër (canonical)
të gjelbra (feminine plural)

Borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin galbinus. Compare Romanian galben.


tij

i tij (canonical masculine)
e tij (feminine)
i tij (masculine nominative singular)
e tij (feminine nominative singular)
e tij (masculine nominative plural)
e tija (feminine nominative plural)
e tij (accusative masculine singular)
e tij (accusative feminine singular)
e tij (accusative masculine plural)
e tija (accusative feminine plural)
të tij (ablative dative genitive masculine singular)
së tij (ablative dative feminine genitive singular)
të tij (ablative dative genitive masculine plural)
të tija (ablative dative feminine genitive plural)


rus

gjuha ruse


dreng

Variant of drenjë, from Proto-Indo-European *dreu- (“tree”). Occurs in Cham Albanian.


kaçurrel

Orel suggests a derivation from Proto-Slavic *kočura (“hummock”), which is otherwise unattested in South Slavic and poses semantic problems. Topalli argued an internal formation from çurrel (“thin stream of water”).


lum

From Proto-Albanian *lubn-, from Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰ- (“to love”). Cognate to Latin lubens (“willing, (be) fond of something”), and ultimately a doublet of lyp, lubi, lugat, and laps.


plim

A deverbative in -i(m), based on an unattested verb *plyej, from Proto-Albanian *plānja (“to fill”), from Proto-Indo-European *plē (“full”).


negativ

head

negativ (feminine negative, masculine plural negativë, feminine plural negative)

negative (feminine)
negativë (masculine plural)
negative (feminine plural)


muf

From Proto-Albanian *muska, from Proto-Indo-European *mewH- (“wet”). Cognate with Latvian maût (“to plunge”), Serbo-Croatian mȉti (“to wash”).

(figurative, derogatory) mentally immature


plak

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *pelH-ko-s, a formation *pelH- (“gray”) + *-kos. Closely akin to Lithuanian pìlkas (“grey”), which reflects *pl̥H-ko-s.

inh+

(colloquial) withered, shriveled, gone bad (of vegetables)


biografi

Ancient Greek βιογραφικός (biographikós)


rëndë

i rëndë (canonical)
të rënda (feminine plural)

From Proto-Albanian *raunta, from Proto-Albanian *rauša (“to fall”) (modern rashë). More at rashë.


mirë

i mirë (canonical)
të mira (feminine plural)

From Proto-Albanian *mīrā- from older Proto-Albanian *meirā Proto-Indo-European *meih₁-ro (“peace”) (compare Proto-Balto-Slavic *meiˀrás (“peace”), Proto-Slavic *milъ (“nice, gentle, mild”)), enlargement of *meih₁- (“soft, mild”) (compare Latin mītis (“soft (not chewy)”)).


marrë

Literally ‘dim, murky’, from Proto-Albanian *marsa; akin to Proto-Slavic *morxŭ (“dusk, fog”). Cognate to marrtë.
See marrtë (“dim, murky, etc.”).


automatik

Borrowed from English automatic, from French automatique, from Ancient Greek αὐτόματον (autómaton), neuter of αὐτόματος (autómatos, “self-moving, moving of oneself, self-acting, spontaneous”).

automatic (capable of operating without external control)


huaj

i huaj (canonical)
të huaja (feminine plural)

From Proto-Albanian *ksōn(w)ja. Akin to Ancient Greek ξένος (xénos, “foreign”), which according to Beekes is Pre-Greek, although the existence of an Avestan cognate (Avestan 𐬑𐬱𐬥𐬀𐬎 (xšnau)) questions this.

caa i gói / aghiena ndyr t'imme motὺra / chiɔi' arryyn […]

1873, Girolamo de Rada, Canti di Milosao, canto 1, pages 14, 16, lines 27–29:

I had not long before returned to my sisters from foreign land


gjatë

i gjatë (canonical)
të gjata (feminine plural)

From dialectal and archaic glatë, from Proto-Albanian *dlata, from pre-Albanian *dl̥h₁gʰto, from Proto-Indo-European *dl̥h₁gʰós and suffix *-to.


pasiv

head

pasiv (feminine pasive, masculine plural pasivë, feminine plural pasive)

pasive (feminine)
pasivë (masculine plural)
pasive (feminine plural)

A modern borrowing, from English passive.


sakat

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish سقط (sakat, “unsound, defective; invalid, disabled, crippled”).


abrash

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish ابراش (abraş), from Arabic أَبْرَش (ʔabraš). Compare Romanian abraș.


izraelit

head

izraelit (feminine izraelite, masculine plural izraelitë, feminine plural izraelite)

izraelite (feminine)
izraelitë (masculine plural)
izraelite (feminine plural)


argjend

→ Aromanian: argheandu

Borrowed from Vulgar Latin, from Latin argentum (“silver”).


barabrinjës

trekëndësh barabrinjës

(geometry) equilateral (referring to a polygon all of whose sides are of equal length)


ftohtë

i ftohtë (canonical)
të ftohta (feminine plural)


nxehtë

i nxehtë (canonical)
të nxehta (feminine plural)

From nxej (“to heat”) + të (adjective-forming suffix).


autokton

native (characteristic of or relating to people inhabiting a region from the beginning)


madh

head

i madh (feminine e madhe, masculine plural të mëdhenj, feminine plural të mëdha)

i madh (canonical)
e madhe (feminine)
të mëdhenj (masculine plural)
të mëdha (feminine plural)

From Proto-Albanian *emath, from Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂-.


ëmbël

i ëmbël (canonical)
të ëmbla (feminine plural)

From Proto-Albanian *amla, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₃mós (“sour”), whence also Dutch amper, Italian amaro, Sanskrit अम्ल (amlá).
Possibly related to Dacian amolusta (“camomile”).


shenjtë

Borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin sānctus.


arkeologjik

Muzeumi disponon një kolekcion të pasur arkeologjik dhe gjeologijko-xehtar, kurse ka edhe seksionin etnografik dhe atë të Luftës Nacionalçlirimtare.

1971, Dr. Dragan Qukiq, Kosova: Monumentet dhe bukuritë:

archaeological (relating to the science or research of archaeology)


fizik

fizik (feminine fizike, masculine plural fizikë, feminine plural fizike)

fizike (feminine)
fizikë (masculine plural)
fizike (feminine plural)

Borrowed from French physique, from Latin physicus, from Ancient Greek φυσικός (phusikós, “natural”).


armiqësor

head

armiqësor (feminine armiqësore, masculine plural armiqësorë, feminine plural armiqësore)

armiqësore (feminine)
armiqësorë (masculine plural)
armiqësore (feminine plural)


hiç

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish هیچ (hiç).


erotik

erotik (feminine erotike, masculine plural erotikë, feminine plural erotike)

erotike (feminine)
erotikë (masculine plural)
erotike (feminine plural)

Unë kam një libër të madh me shumë tregime erotike të mira.

I have a big book with many good erotic stories.


historik

historik (feminine historike, masculine plural historikë, feminine plural historike)

historike (feminine)
historikë (masculine plural)
historike (feminine plural)


tipik

tipik (feminine tipike, masculine plural tipikë, feminine plural tipike)

tipike (feminine)
tipikë (masculine plural)
tipike (feminine plural)


grek

From Latin graecus, from Ancient Greek Γραικός (Graikós). Ultimately forms a doublet of gërk.

një polic grek

Greek (of or pertaining to Greece, the Greeks or the Greek culture)


habitor

habitor (feminine habitore, masculine plural habitorë, feminine plural habitore)

habitore (feminine)
habitorë (masculine plural)
habitore (feminine plural)

From habit (“surprise, confuse”) + -or (noun/adjective suffix).

affix

mënyra habitore

(grammar) of, or relating to the admirative mood


brinar

A Gheg formation, from brî, brini (“horn”) + -ar. Compare Romanian încornorat, Macedonian рогоносец (rogonosec).


buxhetor

head

buxhetor (feminine buxhetore, masculine plural buxhetorë, feminine plural buxhetore)

buxhetore (feminine)
buxhetorë (masculine plural)
buxhetore (feminine plural)

budget (of, or relating to a budget); budgetary


publik

publik (feminine publike, masculine plural publikë, feminine plural publike)

publike (feminine)
publikë (masculine plural)
publike (feminine plural)


velet

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish ولد (veled, “mischievous, sly”).


lirë

From Proto-Indo-European *lewH-. Cognates include Latin luō (“I expiate, pay”), Ancient Greek λύω (lúō, “I release, untie”), Sanskrit लून (lūna), and English loose. Alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lewdʰ-o-. Or probably an early borrowing from Latin līber. The fact that libër (“book”) hasn't undergone the same sound changes with intersyllabic loss is due to the fact that it is a much later borrowing, probably early medieval borrowing from Late Latin or early Italian.

cog

independent, unimpeded, unrestrained; free


verbër

From Proto-Albanian *u̯œrbana-, borrowed from Vulgar Latin ōrbus, from Latin orbus (“deprived”). compare Italian orbo, Dalmatian vuarb, Romanian orb.


mashkullor

head

mashkullor (feminine mashkullore, masculine plural mashkullorë, feminine plural mashkullore)

mashkullore (feminine)
mashkullorë (masculine plural)
mashkullore (feminine plural)


shurdh

Borrowed from Vulgar Latin, from Latin surdus.


paepshëm

i paepshëm (feminine e paepshme, masculine plural të paepshëm, feminine plural të paepshme)

i paepshëm (canonical)
e paepshme (feminine)
të paepshëm (masculine plural)
të paepshme (feminine plural)


shumëgjuhëshe

[ʃuməɟuhəʃɛ]


gjuhësor

gjuhësor (feminine gjuhësore, masculine plural gjuhësorë, feminine plural gjuhësore)

gjuhësore (feminine)
gjuhësorë (masculine plural)
gjuhësore (feminine plural)


thjeshtë

i thjeshtë (feminine plural të thjeshta)

i thjeshtë (canonical)
të thjeshta (feminine plural)

From Proto-Albanian *tseksta, compound of *ts- (“not”) and *eksta (“outside, beyond”) (modern jashtë (“out, away”)), i.e. 'within reach, close by'. More at jashtë. For sense development, compare French aise (“ease”), from Latin adjacens (“nearby”).

Të jap një zgjidhje shumë të thjeshtë për problemin tënd.

Let me give you a very simple solution to your problem.


dygjuhësi

dygjuhësi (indefinite nominative singular)
dygjuhësia (definite nominative singular)
dygjuhësi (accusative indefinite singular)
dygjuhësinë (accusative definite singular)
dygjuhësie (indefinite singular)
dygjuhësisë (definite singular)


murdar

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish مردار (murdar).


syk

black patches around the eyes (usually for animals such as sheep or rams)


yt

jote (feminine)
yt (masculine nominative singular)
jote (feminine nominative singular)
e tu (masculine nominative plural)
e tua (feminine nominative plural)
tënd (accusative masculine singular)
tënde (accusative feminine singular)
e tu (accusative masculine plural)
e tua (accusative feminine plural)
tënd (ablative dative genitive masculine singular)
sate (ablative dative feminine genitive singular)
të tu (ablative dative genitive masculine plural)
të tua (ablative dative feminine genitive plural)
yt (masculine nominative)
jot (feminine nominative)
tët (accusative masculine)
tët (accusative feminine)
tyt (dative masculine)
sat (dative feminine)


cub

Borrowed from Slavic; compare Serbo-Croatian ćȕba (“tuft, crest”), Polish czub (“tuft, crest”).
However, Mann posits that the noun might be from Gothic 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐍆𐍃 (þiufs).


lakuriq

head

lakuríq (feminine lakuriqe, masculine plural lakuríqë, feminine plural lakuríqe)

lakuríq (canonical)
lakuriqe (feminine)
lakuríqë (masculine plural)
lakuríqe (feminine plural)

(Adj., verb, adverb & noun) suffixed form of dialectal lakur, from Proto-Albanian *laukura, from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“light, shine”). Related to loqe, gloq.

der

(zoology) mammals/birds without fur/feathers

E vërteta lakuriqe.


çuditshëm

head

i çuditshëm (feminine e çuditshme, masculine plural të çuditshëm, feminine plural të çuditshme)

i çuditshëm (canonical)
e çuditshme (feminine)
të çuditshëm (masculine plural)
të çuditshme (feminine plural)

Possibly related to Bulgarian чудат (čudat, “strange, peculiar, bizarre”) and Romanian ciudat (“strange, odd”). See also çudi.


kombëtar

kombëtar (feminine kombëtare, masculine plural kombëtarë, feminine plural kombëtare)

kombëtare (feminine)
kombëtarë (masculine plural)
kombëtare (feminine plural)


ndërkombëtar

ndërkombëtar (feminine ndërkombëtare, masculine plural ndërkombëtarë, feminine plural ndërkombëtare)

ndërkombëtare (feminine)
ndërkombëtarë (masculine plural)
ndërkombëtare (feminine plural)

From ndër (“among”) + kombëtar (“national”).


brinor

brinor (feminine brinore, masculine plural brinorë, feminine plural brinore)

brinore (feminine)
brinorë (masculine plural)
brinore (feminine plural)


jashtëzakonshëm

i jashtëzakonshëm (feminine e jashtëzakonshme, masculine plural të jashtëzakonshëm, feminine plural të jashtëzakonshme)

i jashtëzakonshëm (canonical)
e jashtëzakonshme (feminine)
të jashtëzakonshëm (masculine plural)
të jashtëzakonshme (feminine plural)


panjohur

i panjohur (feminine plural të panjohura)

i panjohur (canonical)
të panjohura (feminine plural)


epshor

epshor (feminine epshore, masculine plural epshorë, feminine plural epshore)

epshore (feminine)
epshorë (masculine plural)
epshore (feminine plural)


mbarëkombëtar

mbarëkombëtar (feminine mbarëkombëtare, masculine plural mbarëkombëtarë, feminine plural mbarëkombëtare)

mbarëkombëtare (feminine)
mbarëkombëtarë (masculine plural)
mbarëkombëtare (feminine plural)


perëndimor

perëndimor (feminine perëndimore, masculine plural perëndimorë, feminine plural perëndimore)

perëndimore (feminine)
perëndimorë (masculine plural)
perëndimore (feminine plural)


lindor

lindor (feminine lindore, masculine plural lindorë, feminine plural lindore)

lindore (feminine)
lindorë (masculine plural)
lindore (feminine plural)


jugor

jugor (feminine jugore, masculine plural jugorë, feminine plural jugore)

jugore (feminine)
jugorë (masculine plural)
jugore (feminine plural)


aftë

i aftë (canonical)
të afta (feminine plural)

From aft, from Proto-Albanian *aweita, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁- (compare Ancient Greek ἀυτμή (autmḗ, “breath”), Welsh awel (“breeze”)), meaning to have will, to have power or breath to do something. Alternatively from Latin aptus.


verior

veriór (feminine veriore, masculine plural verióre, feminine plural verióre)

veriór (canonical)
veriore (feminine)
verióre (masculine plural)
verióre (feminine plural)

can be associated with northern areas, regions (of any country); or northern countries (incl. nordic countries)

Amerika Veriore

Shqipëria Veriore

hemisfera veriore


hyjnor

hyjnor (feminine hyjnore, masculine plural hyjnorë, feminine plural hyjnore)

hyjnore (feminine)
hyjnorë (masculine plural)
hyjnore (feminine plural)


derë

Tosk; from Proto-Albanian *deuna, from Proto-Indo-European *dew- (“lack, fail”) (compare Icelandic tjón (“loss”), Ancient Greek δῠ́η (dúē, “misery”)).


shquar

i shquar (canonical)
të shqúar (feminine plural)

See shquaj (“I distinguish, discern”) (shquaj (distinguish) + -r (-ed)).


harrueshëm

head

i harrueshëm (feminine e harrueshme, masculine plural të harrueshëm, feminine plural të harrueshme)

i harrueshëm (canonical)
e harrueshme (feminine)
të harrueshëm (masculine plural)
të harrueshme (feminine plural)


paharrueshëm

i paharrueshëm (feminine e paharrueshme, masculine plural të paharrueshëm, feminine plural të paharrueshme)

i paharrueshëm (canonical)
e paharrueshme (feminine)
të paharrueshëm (masculine plural)
të paharrueshme (feminine plural)


zgjuar

i zgjuar (canonical)
të zgjuara (feminine plural)

From the participle of zgjoj, literally 'awaken, vivid'. Same sense development in Italian sveglio, meaning both 'awaken' and 'smart'.

(figuratively) clever, witty, intelligent, smart


ndryshëm

i ndryshëm (feminine e ndryshme, masculine plural të ndryshëm, feminine plural të ndryshme)

i ndryshëm (canonical)
e ndryshme (feminine)
të ndryshëm (masculine plural)
të ndryshme (feminine plural)


vështirë

i vështirë (feminine plural të vështira)

i vështirë (canonical)
të vështira (feminine plural)

A prefixed formation of shtirë; vë- + shtirë.


rehat

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish راحت (rahat).


bajat

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish بایات (bayat), from Arabic بَائِت (bāʔit, “stale”).


binjak

Possibly borrowed from South Slavic, compare Bulgarian близна́к (bliznák, “twin”). Compare also Aromanian biznat (“twin”). Less likely from Latin bigno- (“twin”) suffixed with -ák.

same, selfsame, identical, double, twofold, duplex, dual, twin (associated with sub-/objects that were born/created at the same time or a pair that derived from the same root)

neighboring, adjacent, adjoining (two adjacent, double parts)


dukshëm

head

i dukshëm (feminine e dukshme, masculine plural të dukshëm, feminine plural të dukshme)

i dukshëm (canonical)
e dukshme (feminine)
të dukshëm (masculine plural)
të dukshme (feminine plural)


padukshëm

i padukshëm (feminine e padukshme, masculine plural të padukshëm, feminine plural të padukshme)

i padukshëm (canonical)
e padukshme (feminine)
të padukshëm (masculine plural)
të padukshme (feminine plural)


lashtë

i lashtë (canonical)
të láshta (feminine plural)

From (lashë (le(f)t behind) + -të) Proto-Albanian *lauša. According to Jokl (& Slavia Praha) from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lewdʰ- (“to grow; people”). A similar developement can be seen in Proto-Germanic *aldaz (“old”) (release → let grow → grow old). Related to Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍃 (laus, “loosen, set free, empty”), further related to Ancient Greek λύω (lúō, “to loose, release”).
Feist, Frisk, Haarmann, Kluge, Liukkonen and Pokorny favour(ed) a relation to Lithuanian ìlgas (“long”).
According to Çabej a derivative of lag (“I wet, moisten”) and to Meyer a loan from Latin lassus (“faint, languid”)
Cf. Albanian lasht m (“ancient time”).

cog

ancient, early, very distant (period, era, time)

ancient, old (history, languages, peoples, cities, proverbs, etc.)

antique, archaic, old (costume, tradition, etc.)

miell të lashtë

(colloquial) leftover, odd, remaining (food, crops, seeds)


shumëngjyrësh

From shumë (“much, many”) and ngjyrë (“color”).


pornografik

head

pornografik (feminine pornografike, masculine plural pornografikë, feminine plural pornografike)

pornografike (feminine)
pornografikë (masculine plural)
pornografike (feminine plural)

Unë kam një koleksion të stërmadh të filmave pornografike.

I have a huge collection of pornographic movies.


shkencor

shkencor (feminine shkencore, masculine plural shkencorë, feminine plural shkencore)

shkencore (feminine)
shkencorë (masculine plural)
shkencore (feminine plural)


biologjik

Ancient Greek βιολογικός (viologikós, “biologikos”)


veçantë

i veçantë (canonical)
të veçanta (feminine plural)

From veç + -antë, the first element a widespread colloquial form of vetëm (“only”), from vetë (“self”).


amfib

amfib (feminine amfibe, masculine plural amfibë, feminine plural amfibe)

amfibe (feminine)
amfibë (masculine plural)
amfibe (feminine plural)


lagët

i lagët (canonical)
të lagëta (feminine plural)


epshëm

i epshëm (feminine e epshme, masculine plural të epshëm, feminine plural të epshme)

i epshëm (canonical)
e epshme (feminine)
të epshëm (masculine plural)
të epshme (feminine plural)


pafund

i pafund (feminine e pafund, masculine plural të pafund, feminine plural të pafund)

i pafund (canonical)
e pafund (feminine)
të pafund (masculine plural)
të pafund (feminine plural)

From pa- + fund, literally 'without end'.


varfër

i varfër (canonical)
të varfra (feminine plural)

From Proto-Albanian *wɔrfana-, ultimately from Ancient Greek ὀρφανός (orphanós), probably through Latin orphanus. Compare Aromanian oarfãn, archaic Romanian oarfăn.


vogël

i vogël (feminine e vogël, masculine plural të vegjël, feminine plural të vogla)

i vogël (canonical)
e vogël (feminine)
të vegjël (masculine plural)
të vogla (feminine plural)

From Proto-Albanian *wāgla, from Proto-Indo-European *Hou-go-, compare Latin vagus (“roaming, wandering”) and Norwegian våk (“child”). Related to vogërr. According to Krzysztof Tomasz Witczak, it is the source of Doric Greek βάδιος (bádios, “child”). According to Matasović, the etymology vogël is controversial and has no accepted source or substrate.


keq

i keq (feminine e keqe, masculine plural të këqij, feminine plural të këqija)

i keq (canonical)
e keqe (feminine)
të këqij (masculine plural)
të këqija (feminine plural)

* From Proto-Albanian *kakja, from Proto-Indo-European *kaw- (compare Ancient Greek κακός (kakós, “bad”), Lithuanian keñti (“to be evil”).
* From Proto-Albanian *kakii̯a / *kakii̯ā, compare Ancient Greek κακός (kakós, “bad”).


shqiptar

shqiptar (feminine shqiptare, masculine plural shqiptarë, feminine plural shqiptare)

shqiptare (feminine)
shqiptarë (masculine plural)
shqiptare (feminine plural)


muskulor

muskulor (feminine muskulore, masculine plural muskulorë, feminine plural muskulore)

muskulore (feminine)
muskulorë (masculine plural)
muskulore (feminine plural)

Sistemi muskulor është tërësia e muskujve të trupave të organizmave të gjallë.

The muscular system is the entirety of the muscles of the bodies of living organisms.

muscular (of or relating to the muscles)


muskuloz

Më pëlqejnë vetëm burrat me trupa muskuloze.

muscular (having well-developed muscles)


trupor

trupor (feminine trupore, masculine plural truporë, feminine plural trupore)

trupore (feminine)
truporë (masculine plural)
trupore (feminine plural)


etnik

etnik (feminine etnike, masculine plural etnikë, feminine plural etnike)

etnike (feminine)
etnikë (masculine plural)
etnike (feminine plural)

Borrowed from French ethnique, from Latin ethnicus (“heathen; pagan”), from Ancient Greek ἐθνικός (ethnikós, “national”), based on ἔθνος (éthnos, “group of people”).


gramatikor

head

gramatikor (feminine gramatikore, masculine plural gramatikorë, feminine plural gramatikore)

gramatikore (feminine)
gramatikorë (masculine plural)
gramatikore (feminine plural)


ndëryjor

ndëryjor (feminine ndëryjore, masculine plural ndëryjorë, feminine plural ndëryjore)

ndëryjore (feminine)
ndëryjorë (masculine plural)
ndëryjore (feminine plural)


sublim

Internationalism, compare English sublime, Italian sublime.

Në fakt / Atdheu është sublime / dhe nuk ka hije me i fol rëndë,

c. 2019, Jeton Kelmendi, Atdheu im ka një zakon të keq, lines 1–3:

In fact the homeland is sublime and there is no need to speak harshly


paqësor

paqësor (feminine paqësore, masculine plural paqësorë, feminine plural paqësore)

paqësore (feminine)
paqësorë (masculine plural)
paqësore (feminine plural)


borik

acid borik

(chemistry) boric (pertaining to the element boron)


thelbësor

thelbësor (feminine thelbësore, masculine plural thelbësorë, feminine plural thelbësore)

thelbësore (feminine)
thelbësorë (masculine plural)
thelbësore (feminine plural)


bërthamor

bërthamor (feminine bërthamore, masculine plural bërthamorë, feminine plural bërthamore)

bërthamore (feminine)
bërthamorë (masculine plural)
bërthamore (feminine plural)


fortë

i fortë (canonical)
të forta (feminine plural)


butë

i butë (canonical)
të buta (feminine plural)

From Proto-Albanian *bukta, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewgʰ- (“to bend, bow”) (compare English bow, Irish bog (“soft”), Lithuanian bukùs).


seksual

head

seksual (feminine seksuale, masculine plural seksualë, feminine plural seksuale)

seksuale (feminine)
seksualë (masculine plural)
seksuale (feminine plural)

Ai s'ka pasur asnjëherë marrëdhënie seksuale.


dobët

From dialectal i udobë (“easy”), from a South Slavic language, compare Old Church Slavonic удобь (udobĭ, “easy”) and Serbo-Croatian udoban (“comfortable”); ultimately from Proto-Slavic *dobъ (“good, well, nice”). Orel describes it as derived from an earlier dobë, whence dobi (“benefit”), borrowed into Albanian from a South Slavic language, and ultimately derived from Proto-Slavic *dobъ, which itself is not attested South Slavic, where *dobrъ is widespread.


dëshirueshëm

head

i dëshirueshëm (feminine e dëshirueshme)

i dëshirueshëm (canonical)
e dëshirueshme (feminine)


kafshëror

kafshëror (feminine kafshërore, masculine plural kafshërorë, feminine plural kafshërore)

kafshërore (feminine)
kafshërorë (masculine plural)
kafshërore (feminine plural)


keqardhës

/kɛcˈɕaɾðəs/


shtëpiak

Expansion of shtëpi; shtëpi (“house”) + -ak (suffix).


pavdekshëm

i pavdekshëm (feminine e pavdekshme, masculine plural të pavdekshëm, feminine plural të pavdekshme)

i pavdekshëm (canonical)
e pavdekshme (feminine)
të pavdekshëm (masculine plural)
të pavdekshme (feminine plural)


shkëlqyeshëm

i shkëlqyeshëm (feminine e shkëlqyeshme, masculine plural të shkëlqyeshëm, feminine plural të shkëlqyeshme)

i shkëlqyeshëm (canonical)
e shkëlqyeshme (feminine)
të shkëlqyeshëm (masculine plural)
të shkëlqyeshme (feminine plural)

[ʃkəlˈcɕyɛʃəm]


parësor

parësor (feminine parësore, masculine plural parësorë, feminine plural parësore)

parësore (feminine)
parësorë (masculine plural)
parësore (feminine plural)


freskët

i freskët (canonical)
të freskëta (feminine plural)


përgjithshëm

i përgjithshëm (feminine e përgjithshme, masculine plural të përgjithshëm, feminine plural të përgjithshme)

i përgjithshëm (canonical)
e përgjithshme (feminine)
të përgjithshëm (masculine plural)
të përgjithshme (feminine plural)

From për- + gjithë, suffixed with -shëm.


pakuptueshëm

i pakuptueshëm (feminine e pakuptueshme, masculine plural të pakuptueshëm, feminine plural të pakuptueshme)

i pakuptueshëm (canonical)
e pakuptueshme (feminine)
të pakuptueshëm (masculine plural)
të pakuptueshme (feminine plural)


kuptueshëm

i kuptueshëm (feminine e kuptueshme, masculine plural të kuptueshëm, feminine plural të kuptueshme)

i kuptueshëm (canonical)
e kuptueshme (feminine)
të kuptueshëm (masculine plural)
të kuptueshme (feminine plural)


pashpjegueshëm

i pashpjegueshëm (feminine e pashpjegueshme, masculine plural të pashpjegueshëm, feminine plural të pashpjegueshme)

i pashpjegueshëm (canonical)
e pashpjegueshme (feminine)
të pashpjegueshëm (masculine plural)
të pashpjegueshme (feminine plural)


stërmadh

i stërmadh (feminine e stërmadhe, masculine plural të stërmëdhenj, feminine plural të stërmëdha)

i stërmadh (canonical)
e stërmadhe (feminine)
të stërmëdhenj (masculine plural)
të stërmëdha (feminine plural)


gjitar

gjitar (feminine gjitare, masculine plural gjitarë, feminine plural gjitare)

gjitare (feminine)
gjitarë (masculine plural)
gjitare (feminine plural)

Presumably from gji (“breast, bosom”) + -tar.


energjik

energjik (feminine energjike, masculine plural energjikë, feminine plural energjike)

energjike (feminine)
energjikë (masculine plural)
energjike (feminine plural)

From Ancient Greek ἐνεργητικός (energētikós, “active, energetic, operative”).


lehtë

i lehtë (canonical)
të lehta (feminine plural)

From Proto-Albanian *lexta, from pre-Albanian *h₁legʷʰ-to, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lengʷʰ- (“not heavy, light”). Compare Lithuanian lengvas, Sanskrit लघु (laghú), German leicht.


vetvetishëm

head

i vetvetishëm (feminine e vetvetishme, masculine plural të vetvetishëm, feminine plural të vetvetishme)

i vetvetishëm (canonical)
e vetvetishme (feminine)
të vetvetishëm (masculine plural)
të vetvetishme (feminine plural)


kulturor

kulturor (feminine kulturore, masculine plural kulturorë, feminine plural kulturore)

kulturore (feminine)
kulturorë (masculine plural)
kulturore (feminine plural)


lexueshëm

i lexueshëm (feminine e lexueshme, masculine plural të lexueshëm, feminine plural të lexueshme)

i lexueshëm (canonical)
e lexueshme (feminine)
të lexueshëm (masculine plural)
të lexueshme (feminine plural)


kujdesshëm

i kujdesshëm (feminine e kujdesshme, masculine plural të kujdesshëm, feminine plural të kujdesshme)

i kujdesshëm (canonical)
e kujdesshme (feminine)
të kujdesshëm (masculine plural)
të kujdesshme (feminine plural)


gjithë

i gjithë (feminine e gjithë, masculine plural të gjithë, feminine plural të gjitha)

i gjithë (canonical)
e gjithë (feminine)
të gjithë (masculine plural)
të gjitha (feminine plural)

From dialectal gjidhë, from Proto-Albanian *semdza, from Proto-Indo-European *sem-ǵʰo- (compare Old Armenian եզ (ez), Latin singulus). The dialectal gji derives from Proto-Indo-European *sem-, also attested alone with the same meaning. Related to çdo.

all, all of, all the, the whole, the entire

Gjithë e ëma.

Gjithë i ati.

(unarticulated, in the singular) just like + intimate kinship term


diellor

diellor (feminine diellore, masculine plural diellorë, feminine plural diellore)

diellore (feminine)
diellorë (masculine plural)
diellore (feminine plural)


yjor

yjor (feminine yjore, masculine plural yjorë, feminine plural yjore)

yjore (feminine)
yjorë (masculine plural)
yjore (feminine plural)


jomiqësor

jomiqësor (feminine jomiqësore, masculine plural jomiqësorë, feminine plural jomiqësore)

jomiqësore (feminine)
jomiqësorë (masculine plural)
jomiqësore (feminine plural)


miqësor

miqësor (feminine miqësore, masculine plural miqësorë, feminine plural miqësore)

miqësore (feminine)
miqësorë (masculine plural)
miqësore (feminine plural)


rrezikshëm

i rrezikshëm (feminine e rrezikshme, masculine plural të rrezikshëm, feminine plural të rrezikshme)

i rrezikshëm (canonical)
e rrezikshme (feminine)
të rrezikshëm (masculine plural)
të rrezikshme (feminine plural)


krahasueshëm

i krahasueshëm (feminine e krahasueshme, masculine plural të krahasueshëm, feminine plural të krahasueshme)

i krahasueshëm (canonical)
e krahasueshme (feminine)
të krahasueshëm (masculine plural)
të krahasueshme (feminine plural)


lagësht

i lagësht (canonical)
të lagështa (feminine plural)

From lagë (“moisture; raindrop”) + -shtë.


imagjinueshëm

i imagjinueshëm (feminine e imagjinueshme, masculine plural të imagjinueshëm, feminine plural të imagjinueshme)

i imagjinueshëm (canonical)
e imagjinueshme (feminine)
të imagjinueshëm (masculine plural)
të imagjinueshme (feminine plural)


damshëm

i damshëm (feminine e damshme, masculine plural të damshëm, feminine plural të damshme)

i damshëm (canonical)
e damshme (feminine)
të damshëm (masculine plural)
të damshme (feminine plural)


dëmshëm

i dëmshëm (feminine e dëmshme, masculine plural të dëmshëm, feminine plural të dëmshme)

i dëmshëm (canonical)
e dëmshme (feminine)
të dëmshëm (masculine plural)
të dëmshme (feminine plural)

(Tosk, Standard Albanian) adverse, harmful, detrimental


legjendar

[lɛɟʑɛnˈdaɹ]


mrekullueshëm

i mrekullueshëm (feminine e mrekullueshme, masculine plural të mrekullueshëm, feminine plural të mrekullueshme)

i mrekullueshëm (canonical)
e mrekullueshme (feminine)
të mrekullueshëm (masculine plural)
të mrekullueshme (feminine plural)


cung

From Italian cionco (“truncated, stumped”).


shkërdhyeshëm

i shkërdhyeshëm (feminine e shkërdhyeshme, masculine plural të shkërdhyeshëm, feminine plural të shkërdhyeshme)

i shkërdhyeshëm (canonical)
e shkërdhyeshme (feminine)
të shkërdhyeshëm (masculine plural)
të shkërdhyeshme (feminine plural)


greke

Feminine version of grek; grek + -e (feminine suffix). Ultimately forms a doublet of gërqinjë.

gjuha greke

Greek (of or pertaining to Greece, the Greeks or the Greek language)


gusht

Presidenti është gusht për popullin edhe për kombin.

The president is righteous for the people and the nation.


ditor

ditor (feminine ditore, masculine plural ditorë, feminine plural ditore)

ditore (feminine)
ditorë (masculine plural)
ditore (feminine plural)

of or pertaining to the day, daytime or daylight


shkretë

i shkretë (canonical)
të shkreta (feminine plural)

→ Aromanian: shcret

Borrowed via Vulgar Latin from Latin secrētus. Compare meaning to Romanian săcret.


për kokë

Calque of English per capita, a phrase borrowed from Latin.


mishngrënës

mishngrënës m (feminine singular mishngrënëse)


thellë

i thellë (canonical)
të thella (feminine plural)

Perhaps from Proto-Albanian *ćau̯ila/*ćau̯ilā, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱówilos/-eh₂. Compare Ancient Greek κοῖλος (koîlos).


blertë

From dialectal blerë + -të (-adjectival suffix). See blerë for more.


djathtë

From Old Albanian djathë (“right side”), from Proto-Albanian *detsa, from pre-Albanian *deḱsi̯o, from Proto-Indo-European *deḱs- (compare Ancient Greek δεξιός (dexiós),Old High German zeso, Middle Dutch tesuwe, Irish deas).


demokratik

demokratik (feminine demokratike, masculine plural demokratikë, feminine plural demokratike)

demokratike (feminine)
demokratikë (masculine plural)
demokratike (feminine plural)


dakort

Jam dakort me ty.

(literally, “I am in agreement with you”)


lekur

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *(s)lēg-, *(s)leg- (“to be languid”). Compare Latin langueo (“I faint”).


saj

i saj (canonical masculine)
e saj (feminine)
i saj (masculine nominative singular)
e saj (feminine nominative singular)
e saj (masculine nominative plural)
e saja (feminine nominative plural)
e saj (accusative masculine singular)
e saj (accusative feminine singular)
e saj (accusative masculine plural)
e saja (accusative feminine plural)
të saj (ablative dative genitive masculine singular)
së saj (ablative dative feminine genitive singular)
të saj (ablative dative genitive masculine plural)
të saja (ablative dative feminine genitive plural)

Motrat e saja nuk janë me mua, janë me nënën e tyre.

Her sisters aren't with me, they're with their mother.


natyrshëm

i natyrshëm (feminine e natyrshme, masculine plural të natyrshëm, feminine plural të natyrshme)

i natyrshëm (canonical)
e natyrshme (feminine)
të natyrshëm (masculine plural)
të natyrshme (feminine plural)


mbinatyrshëm

i mbinatyrshëm (feminine e mbinatyrshme, masculine plural të mbinatyrshëm, feminine plural të mbinatyrshme)

i mbinatyrshëm (canonical)
e mbinatyrshme (feminine)
të mbinatyrshëm (masculine plural)
të mbinatyrshme (feminine plural)


shijshëm

i shijshëm (feminine e shijshme, masculine plural të shijshëm, feminine plural të shijshme)

i shijshëm (canonical)
e shijshme (feminine)
të shijshëm (masculine plural)
të shijshme (feminine plural)


zhurmëmadh

i zhurmëmadh (feminine e zhurmëmadhe, masculine plural të zhurmëmëdhenj, feminine plural të zhurmëmëdha)

i zhurmëmadh (canonical)
e zhurmëmadhe (feminine)
të zhurmëmëdhenj (masculine plural)
të zhurmëmëdha (feminine plural)


qelizor

qelizor (feminine qelizore, masculine plural qelizorë, feminine plural qelizore)

qelizore (feminine)
qelizorë (masculine plural)
qelizore (feminine plural)


ngjashëm

i ngjashëm (feminine e ngjashme, masculine plural të ngjashëm, feminine plural të ngjashme)

i ngjashëm (canonical)
e ngjashme (feminine)
të ngjashëm (masculine plural)
të ngjashme (feminine plural)

Gjuha e tyre është e ngjashme me Spanjishte.


kryemadh

kryemadh (feminine kryemadhe, masculine plural kryemëdhenj, feminine plural kryemëdha)

kryemadhe (feminine)
kryemëdhenj (masculine plural)
kryemëdha (feminine plural)


rrumbullak

rrumbullak (feminine rrumbullake, masculine plural rrumbullakë, feminine plural rrumbullake)

rrumbullake (feminine)
rrumbullakë (masculine plural)
rrumbullake (feminine plural)


qesharak

qesharak (feminine qesharake, masculine plural qesharakë, feminine plural qesharake)

qesharake (feminine)
qesharakë (masculine plural)
qesharake (feminine plural)


jozyrtar

jozyrtar (feminine jozyrtare, masculine plural jozyrtarë, feminine plural jozyrtare)

jozyrtare (feminine)
jozyrtarë (masculine plural)
jozyrtare (feminine plural)


dembel

dembel (feminine dembele, masculine plural dembelë, feminine plural dembele)

dembele (feminine)
dembelë (masculine plural)
dembele (feminine plural)

From Ottoman Turkish تنبل (tembel, dembel), from Persian تنبل (tanbal).


zyrtar

zyrtar (feminine zyrtare, masculine plural zyrtarë, feminine plural zyrtare)

zyrtare (feminine)
zyrtarë (masculine plural)
zyrtare (feminine plural)


malor

malor (feminine malore, masculine plural malorë, feminine plural malore)

malore (feminine)
malorë (masculine plural)
malore (feminine plural)

Ai banon në një vend malor.


jodemokratik

jodemokratik (feminine jodemokratike, masculine plural jodemokratikë, feminine plural jodemokratike)

jodemokratike (feminine)
jodemokratikë (masculine plural)
jodemokratike (feminine plural)


jofetar

jofetar (feminine jofetare, masculine plural jofetarë, feminine plural jofetare)

jofetare (feminine)
jofetarë (masculine plural)
jofetare (feminine plural)


jokalimtar

jokalimtar (feminine jokalimtare, masculine plural jokalimtarë, feminine plural jokalimtare)

jokalimtare (feminine)
jokalimtarë (masculine plural)
jokalimtare (feminine plural)

folje jokalimtare
intransitive verb


kalimtar

kalimtar (feminine kalimtare, masculine plural kalimtarë, feminine plural kalimtare)

kalimtare (feminine)
kalimtarë (masculine plural)
kalimtare (feminine plural)

folje kalimtare
transitive verb


homoseksual

homoseksual (feminine homoseksuale, masculine plural homoseksualë, feminine plural homoseksuale)

homoseksuale (feminine)
homoseksualë (masculine plural)
homoseksuale (feminine plural)


fetar

fetar (feminine fetare, masculine plural fetarë, feminine plural fetare)

fetare (feminine)
fetarë (masculine plural)
fetare (feminine plural)


seksologjik

seksologjik (feminine seksologjike, masculine plural seksologjikë, feminine plural seksologjike)

seksologjike (feminine)
seksologjikë (masculine plural)
seksologjike (feminine plural)


gjenetik

gjenetik (feminine gjenetike, masculine plural gjenetikë, feminine plural gjenetike)

gjenetike (feminine)
gjenetikë (masculine plural)
gjenetike (feminine plural)


ishullor

ishullor (feminine ishullore, masculine plural ishullorë, feminine plural ishullore)

ishullore (feminine)
ishullorë (masculine plural)
ishullore (feminine plural)


qeveritar

qeveritar (feminine qeveritare, masculine plural qeveritarë, feminine plural qeveritare)

qeveritare (feminine)
qeveritarë (masculine plural)
qeveritare (feminine plural)

of or pertaining to the government or government officials


gjenetikë

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


mençur

i mençur (canonical)
të mençura (feminine plural)


inteligjent

head

inteligjent (feminine inteligjente, masculine plural inteligjentë, feminine plural inteligjente)

inteligjente (feminine)
inteligjentë (masculine plural)
inteligjente (feminine plural)


shkathët

i shkathët (feminine e shkathët, masculine plural të shkathtë, feminine plural të shkathta)

i shkathët (canonical)
e shkathët (feminine)
të shkathtë (masculine plural)
të shkathta (feminine plural)


pabesueshëm

i pabesueshëm (feminine e pabesueshme, masculine plural të pabesueshëm, feminine plural të pabesueshme)

i pabesueshëm (canonical)
e pabesueshme (feminine)
të pabesueshëm (masculine plural)
të pabesueshme (feminine plural)

Tregimet e tij janë totalisht të pabesueshme.


juaj

juaj (feminine)
juaj (masculine nominative singular)
juaj (feminine nominative singular)
tuaj (masculine nominative plural)
tuaja (feminine nominative plural)
tuaj (accusative masculine singular)
tuaj (accusative feminine singular)
tuaj (accusative masculine plural)
tuaja (accusative feminine plural)
tuaj (ablative dative genitive masculine singular)
suaj (ablative dative feminine genitive singular)
tuaj (ablative dative genitive masculine plural)
tuaja (ablative dative feminine genitive plural)


ynë

jonë (feminine)
ynë (masculine nominative singular)
jonë (feminine nominative singular)
tanë (masculine nominative plural)
tona (feminine nominative plural)
tonë (accusative masculine singular)
tonë (accusative feminine singular)
tanë (accusative masculine plural)
tona (accusative feminine plural)
tonë (ablative dative genitive masculine singular)
sonë (ablative dative feminine genitive singular)
tanë (ablative dative genitive masculine plural)
tona (ablative dative feminine genitive plural)

From i (masculine definite article) + në (from ne, first person plural pronoun).
Compare jonë, from jo (original form of the feminine definite article, weakened to -a) + në.
Old accusative form tënë from të+në. Compare the accusative pronoun atë.
Old dative-genitive masculine tinë from ti (today would've yielded ty, compare the possessive adjective for relatives tyt as in tyt vëllai and the dative pronoun atij.
Old ablative masculine sinë from si (surviving in the antiquated pronoun asi) +në.


largët

i largët (canonical)
të largëta (feminine plural)


panjohura

të panjohura (canonical feminine plural)


vlefshëm

i vlefshëm (feminine e vlefshme, masculine plural të vlefshëm, feminine plural të vlefshme)

i vlefshëm (canonical)
e vlefshme (feminine)
të vlefshëm (masculine plural)
të vlefshme (feminine plural)


dytë

i dytë (canonical)
të dyta (feminine plural)


tretë

i tretë (feminine e tretë, masculine plural të tretë, feminine plural të triat)

i tretë (canonical)
e tretë (feminine)
të tretë (masculine plural)
të triat (feminine plural)


parë

i parë (canonical)
të para (feminine plural)


llahtarshëm

i llahtarshëm (feminine e llahtarshme, masculine plural të llahtarshëm, feminine plural të llahtarshme)

i llahtarshëm (canonical)
e llahtarshme (feminine)
të llahtarshëm (masculine plural)
të llahtarshme (feminine plural)


qetë

Borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin quietus.


paarsyeshëm

i paarsyeshëm (feminine e paarsyeshme, masculine plural të paarsyeshëm, feminine plural të paarsyeshme)

i paarsyeshëm (canonical)
e paarsyeshme (feminine)
të paarsyeshëm (masculine plural)
të paarsyeshme (feminine plural)


virgjër

i virgjër (canonical)
të virgjëra (feminine plural)

From Latin virgo, virginem. Compare also Romanian vergură.


gjeologjik

gjeologjik (feminine gjeologjike, masculine plural gjeologjikë, feminine plural gjeologjike)

gjeologjike (feminine)
gjeologjikë (masculine plural)
gjeologjike (feminine plural)

[ɟʑɛɔlɔˈɟʑik]


fuqishëm

i fuqishëm (feminine e fuqishme, masculine plural të fuqishëm, feminine plural të fuqishme)

i fuqishëm (canonical)
e fuqishme (feminine)
të fuqishëm (masculine plural)
të fuqishme (feminine plural)


alfabetik

alfabetik (feminine alfabetike, masculine plural alfabetikë, feminine plural alfabetike)

alfabetike (feminine)
alfabetikë (masculine plural)
alfabetike (feminine plural)


gjeometrik

gjeometrik (feminine gjeometrike, masculine plural gjeometrikë, feminine plural gjeometrike)

gjeometrike (feminine)
gjeometrikë (masculine plural)
gjeometrike (feminine plural)


ardhangët

i ardhangët (feminine plural të ardhangëta)

i ardhangët (canonical)
të ardhangëta (feminine plural)


rëndësishëm

i rëndësishëm (feminine e rëndësishme, masculine plural të rëndësishëm, feminine plural të rëndësishme)

i rëndësishëm (canonical)
e rëndësishme (feminine)
të rëndësishëm (masculine plural)
të rëndësishme (feminine plural)


vorfën

i vorfën (canonical)
të vorfna (feminine plural)

From Late Latin orfanus, orphanus, from Ancient Greek ὀρφανός (orphanós). Compare Aromanian oarfãn, archaic Romanian oarfăn.


sistematik

sistematik (feminine sistematike, masculine plural sistematikë, feminine plural sistematike)

sistematike (feminine)
sistematikë (masculine plural)
sistematike (feminine plural)


kureshtar

kureshtar (feminine kureshtare, masculine plural kureshtarë, feminine plural kureshtare)

kureshtare (feminine)
kureshtarë (masculine plural)
kureshtare (feminine plural)


guximshëm

i guximshëm (feminine e guximshme, masculine plural të guximshëm, feminine plural të guximshme)

i guximshëm (canonical)
e guximshme (feminine)
të guximshëm (masculine plural)
të guximshme (feminine plural)


pavarur

i pavarur (canonical)
të pavarura (feminine plural)


domosdoshëm

i domosdoshëm (feminine e domosdoshme, masculine plural të domosdoshëm, feminine plural të domosdoshme)

i domosdoshëm (canonical)
e domosdoshme (feminine)
të domosdoshëm (masculine plural)
të domosdoshme (feminine plural)

[dɔmɔzˈdɔːʃəm]


ironik

ironik (feminine ironike, masculine plural ironikë, feminine plural ironike)

ironike (feminine)
ironikë (masculine plural)
ironike (feminine plural)


zëvendësueshëm

i zëvendësueshëm (feminine e zëvendësueshme, masculine plural të zëvendësueshëm, feminine plural të zëvendësueshme)

i zëvendësueshëm (canonical)
e zëvendësueshme (feminine)
të zëvendësueshëm (masculine plural)
të zëvendësueshme (feminine plural)


paparashikuar

i paparashikuar (feminine plural të paparashikuara)

i paparashikuar (canonical)
të paparashikuara (feminine plural)


jashtëm

i jashtëm (feminine e jashtme, masculine plural të jashtëm, feminine plural të jashtme)

i jashtëm (canonical)
e jashtme (feminine)
të jashtëm (masculine plural)
të jashtme (feminine plural)


paparashikueshëm

i paparashikueshëm (feminine e paparashikueshme, masculine plural të paparashikueshëm, feminine plural të paparashikueshme)

i paparashikueshëm (canonical)
e paparashikueshme (feminine)
të paparashikueshëm (masculine plural)
të paparashikueshme (feminine plural)


përdorshëm

i përdorshëm (feminine e përdorshme, masculine plural të përdorshëm, feminine plural të përdorshme)

i përdorshëm (canonical)
e përdorshme (feminine)
të përdorshëm (masculine plural)
të përdorshme (feminine plural)


jashtëmartesor

jashtëmartesor (feminine jashtëmartesore, masculine plural jashtëmartesorë, feminine plural jashtëmartesore)

jashtëmartesore (feminine)
jashtëmartesorë (masculine plural)
jashtëmartesore (feminine plural)


preferueshëm

i preferueshëm (feminine e preferueshme, masculine plural të preferueshëm, feminine plural të preferueshme)

i preferueshëm (canonical)
e preferueshme (feminine)
të preferueshëm (masculine plural)
të preferueshme (feminine plural)


zeshkan

zeshkan (feminine zeshkane, masculine plural zeshkanë, feminine plural zeshkane)

zeshkane (feminine)
zeshkanë (masculine plural)
zeshkane (feminine plural)

I pëlqejne motrës së tij burra zeshkanë dhe muskulozë.

His sister likes well-tanned and muscular men.

having a rich olive skin tone; tan, tanned, dark


bjond

bjond (feminine bjonde, masculine plural bjondë, feminine plural bjonde)

bjonde (feminine)
bjondë (masculine plural)
bjonde (feminine plural)


burrëror

burrëror (feminine burrërore, masculine plural burrërorë, feminine plural burrërore)

burrërore (feminine)
burrërorë (masculine plural)
burrërore (feminine plural)


heteroseksual

heteroseksual (feminine heteroseksuale, masculine plural heteroseksualë, feminine plural heteroseksuale)

heteroseksuale (feminine)
heteroseksualë (masculine plural)
heteroseksuale (feminine plural)


enigmatik

enigmatik (feminine enigmatike, masculine plural enigmatikë, feminine plural enigmatike)

enigmatike (feminine)
enigmatikë (masculine plural)
enigmatike (feminine plural)


biseksual

biseksual (feminine biseksuale, masculine plural biseksualë, feminine plural biseksuale)

biseksuale (feminine)
biseksualë (masculine plural)
biseksuale (feminine plural)


stuhishëm

i stuhishëm (feminine e stuhishme, masculine plural të stuhishëm, feminine plural të stuhishme)

i stuhishëm (canonical)
e stuhishme (feminine)
të stuhishëm (masculine plural)
të stuhishme (feminine plural)


mysliman

mysliman (feminine myslimane, masculine plural myslimanë, feminine plural myslimane)

myslimane (feminine)
myslimanë (masculine plural)
myslimane (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish مسلمان (müsliman), from Classical Persian مسلمان (musalmān), from Arabic مُسْلِم (muslim).


pashquar

head

i pashquar (feminine plural të pashquara)

i pashquar (canonical)
të pashquara (feminine plural)


sotëm

i sotëm (feminine e sotme, masculine plural të sotëm, feminine plural të sotme)

i sotëm (canonical)
e sotme (feminine)
të sotëm (masculine plural)
të sotme (feminine plural)


ardian

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἀρδιαῖοι (Ardiaîoi) ~ Latin Ardiaei.


thartë

From variants tharptë, tharbët, from *tharbë, deverbative of thar (“to sour (milk)”).


gop

From Proto-Albanian *gāupā, from Proto-Indo-European *gewpeh₂ (compare English cove, obsolete Polish żupa (“mine”), Ancient Greek γῡ́πη (gū́pē, “cave”)).


duf

From Proto-Albanian *dupsa, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“blow, smoke; dark, gray, deep”). Compare Old English dofian (“rage”), Middle High German top (“senseless, brainless, crazy”), Ancient Greek τῦφος (tûphos, “smoke, steam, dense smoke; wooziness, folly, silly pride”), Latin suffio (“to fumigate”).


verdhë

Borrowed from Vulgar Latin virdis, from Latin viridis (“green”). Sense 4 is a semantic loan from Italian giallo (literally “yellow”). Sense 2 is shared with Romanian verde (literally “green”).

sl

i verdhë në fytyrë

with a pale face (literally, “pale in the face”)

raca e verdhë

(colloquial) yellow (of race), mongoloid

roman i verdhë

involving crimes and detective work (of a story)

(archaic or dialectal) green, fresh-leaves-coloured


arap

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish عرب (arab, arap), whence Turkish Arap.


shterp

From Byzantine Greek στέριφος (stériphos), which also gave Romanian sterp, Venetian sterpo, Friulian sterpe, borrowed from Vulgar Latin *exstirpus, from Latin exstirpo (“I root out”).


drejtë

Borrowed from Late Latin drictus, from Latin dīrectus, through Dalmatian *draita, variant of drat.

fair, just, right, righteous, legitimate

correct -- as in ke të drejtë. -- "you're (singular) right."


shkurt

According to Guillaume Bonnet, possibly from Proto-Germanic *skurtaz.
Alternatively borrowed from reconstructed Vulgar Latin *excurtus (cf. Italian scurto, Romanian scurt, Aromanian shcurtu), derivative of Latin curtus. The Albanian, (reconstructed) Latin, and Germanic terms developed in the same way. A borrowing theory does not explain the sense developement and progression of the Albanian root itself.


shtrenjtë

From Vulgar Latin *strinctus (compare Romanian strâmt, Italian strinto), from Latin strictus (“narrow, tight”).


shëndoshë

[ʃɜnˈdɔʃ(ɜ)]

Borrowed from Vulgar Latin *sānitōsus (“healthy, sane”), with adjectival -ë.

(figurative) righteous, lawful, principled

një dackë e shëndoshë


rrallë

Borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin rārus.


pashkë

Borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin pascha, from Ancient Greek πάσχα (páskha).


vjetër

i vjetër (canonical)
të vjetra (feminine plural)

A derivative of vjet (“last year”), variant of vit, contaminated with Latin vetus, veteris. Compare Lithuanian vẽtušas (“old”, archaic), Old Church Slavonic ветъхъ (vetŭxŭ, “old, ancient”). Attributed directly to Latin veterem by Orel.


krishterë

From earlier kërshtenë, borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin christiānus.


ngushtë

Borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin angustus. Compare Romanian îngust, Aromanian ngustu. Doublet to inherited angësht.


ngratë

Borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin ingrātus.


kuq

Borrowed from Vulgar Latin *cocceus, from Latin coccum.


hidhur

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eydʰ- (Ancient Greek αἴθω (aíthō, “to burn”), Lithuanian aitrùs (“id”)).


gjerë

From Proto-Albanian *saina, from Proto-Indo-European *sh₁i-nos, from the root *seh₁- (“long, lasting”). Compare Gothic 𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌿𐍃 (seiþus, “late”), Old Irish sír (“long, lasting”).


plotë

një gotë të plotë

with a robust body, face, etc.; mature, plump


tjetër

head

i tjetër (feminine e tjetër, masculine plural të tjerë, feminine plural të tjera)

i tjetër (canonical)
e tjetër (feminine)
të tjerë (masculine plural)
të tjera (feminine plural)

T- from plural (from ligature particle të) + archaic singular (Arbëresh) jetër, from Proto-Albanian *étera sg, *etérai pl, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁e-tero- (compare Latin cēterus (“the other one”), Ancient Greek ἕτερος (héteros, “other, another”), Umbrian etro- (“another”), Old Church Slavonic етеръ (eterŭ, “someone”), Avestan 𐬀𐬙𐬁𐬭𐬀 (atāra, “this one of the two”)).


njomë

From dialectal ngjomë, nglomë, from Proto-Albanian *glāima, from Proto-Indo-European *gleh₁i-m- (compare English clammy, Lithuanian gléima (“slime”)), enlargement of *gleih₁- (“to stick, adhere”).


athët

From Proto-Albanian *aϑ-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”), compare Latin acidus, Middle Irish aith, Tocharian B akwatse.


qull

From Proto-Albanian *klusla, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱleuH- (compare German lauter (“pure”), Lithuanian šlúoti (“to sweep”), Ancient Greek κλύζω (klúzō, “to wash”)).


gjallë

From Proto-Albanian *ģalu̯a-, *salwa, from Proto-Indo-European *solh₂wós, from *solh₂- (“whole”); cognate to Latin salvus, Greek όλος (ólos).


valë

From Proto-Albanian *uallā, from Proto-Indo-European *uel(H) (“hot, boiling”). Cognate to Old High German walo (“lukewarm”).


burmë

From Proto-Albanian *burmā, from Proto-Indo-European *bher-2 (“to boil, swell; to get high”). Cognate to Latin fretum (“a strait, sound, estuary, firth, channel”), Low German Bärme, and Middle Dutch berm, barm (“barm”).


ngjelmë

From Proto-Albanian * ̊śali(m)-, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls (“salt”). Cognate to Ancient Greek ἅλιμος (hálimos, “of the sea, sea”). Enlargement with the prefix (a)n-. The root vowel points to umlaut, caused by -i- of the following syllable.


mjerë

head

i mjerë (feminine e mjerë, masculine plural të mjeri, feminine plural të mjere)

i mjerë (canonical)
e mjerë (feminine)
të mjeri (masculine plural)
të mjere (feminine plural)

Demiraj claims descent from Proto-Albanian *m(i)ier-, cognate to Ancient Greek μιερός (mierós), μιαρός (miarós, “polluted, defiled”). On the other hand, Orel claims a borrowing through Vulgar Latin from Latin miser, although this does not reflect the phonetics of Latin loanwords into Albanian.


djerr

From Proto-Albanian *dersa, from Proto-Indo-European *ĝhersos, from *ǵʰers-. Compare Ancient Greek χέρσος (khérsos, “dry land”). Alternatively from earlier *ndjerr, Proto-Albanian *ən-tersa, from Proto-Indo-European *ters- (“to dry (up)”). Compare Latin torreo (“to dry”), Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌿𐍃 (þaursus), Old High German durri (“arid, dry”).


brishtë

i brishtë (canonical)
e brishtëe (feminine)

From Proto-Albanian *breg(i)štā, from a disused verb, a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- (“to break”). Compare Latin fragilis (“id”), English break, German bersten, Manx brish, Irish briste.


blerë

From Proto-Albanian *blōra, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰloh₁-r-os, from the root *bʰleh₁- (“blue, green, yellow”). Cognate to Latin flōrus (“golden yellow, reddish-yellow”) and Proto-Germanic *blēwaz (“blue, dark”). Possibly borrowed from Proto-Celtic *blaros (“gray”), compare blár


çalë

From Proto-Albanian *štšala, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kel- (“crooked”) (compare Greek σκολιός (skoliós), German scheel, Latin scelus (“curse”)).


këthjellët

An Albanian formation with the prefix k(ë)-. More at thjellët.


thjellët

From Proto-Albanian *ϑel(u)-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelH- (“to freeze”). Cognate to Lithuanian šálti (“to freeze”). A formation with -(ë)t(ë).


thjermë

From Proto-Albanian *tserma, a full grade of the root found in zero grade in surmë (“dark grey”), related to Lithuanian širmas (“gray”). A derivative of thjerë (“lentil”) as “having the color of lentils” is also possible.


hollë

head

i hollë (feminine e hóllë, masculine plural të hólla, feminine plural të hólla)

i hollë (canonical)
e hóllë (feminine)
të hólla (masculine plural)
të hólla (feminine plural)

From Proto-Albanian *hā̆ul-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eu-lo- (“hollow”). Cognate to Ancient Greek αὐλός (aulós, “oblong, hollow”) and Old Norse (huann-)jóli (“hollow stalk, stem”).
According to Orel from Proto-Albanian *skāla (compared to Proto-Indo-European *skel- (“to cut”)). Cognate to Lithuanian skeliù and Lithuanian skélti (“to split, devide”).


tërë

head

i tërë (feminine e tërë, masculine plural të tërë, feminine plural të tëra)

i tërë (canonical)
e tërë (feminine)
të tërë (masculine plural)
të tëra (feminine plural)

* According to Orel, from Proto-Albanian *twana, from Proto-Indo-European *tewH-, compare Lithuanian tvìnti (“to rise, swell”), Lithuanian tvãnas (“flood”).
* According to Demiraj, from Proto-Albanian *tan-, from Proto-Indo-European *tód (“it”). Cognate to Ancient Greek τόν (tón, “it”).

botën e tërë / tërë bota

një ditë të tërë


llups

A formation with genitive -s suffix (compare theks), from llup.


zvjellët

From intensive z- + variant vjellët, from vjell + adjectival -ët ~ të.


leh

Earlier attested as ljeh, cognate with Romanian lehăi, supported as Dacian, or substrate. Alternatively, from Proto-Albanian *laja, from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂-. Cognate to Ancient Greek λάσκω (láskō, “to cry, roar”). Present leh occurs almost exclusively in the 2nd and 3rd person, the -a- of which has usually been subject to umlaut.


nyç

Diminutive in -ç of nye ‘knot, gnarl’, variant of nyjë. More at nyjë.


urtë

Based on an unattested *ur + -të, from Proto-Albanian *wara, related to Latin vērus (“true”), Old Irish fír (“id”), Old High German wār (“id”).


rrufe

bg:Иван Дуриданов

Likely closely related to Thracian ῥομφαία (rhomphaía, “spear, javelin; sword”) and Bulgarian рофия (rofija, “lightning”).


vapë

Possibly borrowed from Romance, akin to Italian vapa (“flame”), Romanian văpaie (“flame”), although the Italian term is a poetic hapax found in rhyming context, while the Romanian one is actually often derived from Albanian. Alternatively compare Italian afa (“sultriness”), possibly ultimately from a Paleo-Balkan *āpʰā, of which vapë would be the regular Tosk outcome.


shtang

From Proto-Albanian *stanga related to Old Norse stinga (“to put, to stick”), Lithuanian sténgiu, sténgti (“to be able”), stiñgti (“to become hard”) and Latvian stiñgt (“id”).


dëng

Inherited from Proto-Albanian *danga, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰengʰ- (“to cover”). Compare English dung.


drydhët

From Proto-Albanian *drūdza, with a secondary suffix -ët, close to Proto-Slavic *dryzgati, *druzgati (“to squeeze, to crush”).


pastër

From Ancient Greek πάστρα (pástra, “cleanliness”).


citë

From Proto-Albanian *tˢeita, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeiətos. Cognate to Proto-Slavic *čitъ (“whole”), Lithuanian kíetas (“hard”).


gjanë

Singulare tantum; originally a Gheg form, from Proto-Albanian *jausna, from Proto-Indo-European *yúHs (“broth”) (compare Serbo-Croatian juha, Lithuanian jū́šė (“fish soup”), Latin iūs). Doublet of gjër.


murrmë

i murrmë (canonical)
e murrmë (feminine)


blehurë

From Proto-Albanian *blaid-ura, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleyd- (“pale”). Compare Proto-Slavic *blědъ (“pale”), Proto-West Germanic *blait (“pale”).


flashkët

From Proto-Albanian *plakska, from Proto-Indo-European *plek-. Cognate to Lithuanian plókščias (“flat”), Proto-Slavic *ploskъ (“id”), *ploxъ (“flat, bad, evil, poor”), Old High German flasca (“flask”), English flask.


zbathur

From the participle of zbath, from Proto-Indo-European *bhoso-s (“naked”). Cognate to Old Church Slavonic bosъ (bosŭ), Lithuanian bãsas, Latvian bass (“barefoot”), Old High German bar, Old English bær, Old Norse berr (“naked, bare”).


bujar

Borrowed from a South Slavic language, compare Old Church Slavonic болꙗринъ (boljarinŭ, “boyar”), Serbo-Croatian boljar (“boyar”) and Bulgarian боляр (boljar, “boyar”). Ultimately from Bulgar. The adjective, a derivate of buj, was likely influenced by the Slavic word.


shesh

Borrowed from Vulgar Latin, from sessum (“seated”). Compare Romanian șes (“plain”).


torrë

Unclear. Possible cognates are Middle High German tōre, German Tor, töricht, Old Dutch dore (“fool, crazy person”).


ulok

From South Slavic; compare Serbo-Croatian uloga (“splint; limb paralysis”), Macedonian улог (ulog, “cripple”); doublet of llog. See also Romanian olog from the same source.

(colloquial) crippled, paralyzed, paralytic


kolmë

From Proto-Albanian *kālima, a suffixal derivative of Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“healthy; handsome”). Compare Sanskrit कल्य (kalyá, “healthy”), Ancient Greek καλός (kalós, “beautiful”).


lluke

From Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright, to shine; to see”). Cognate to Ancient Greek λευκός (leukós, “gleaming, white”), Latin lux (“light”), Welsh llug (“radiance”), Lithuanian laũkas (“pale”), Old Norse ljos (“light”).


malësor

veshje malësore
traditional clothing of highlanders
(literally, “mountaineer clothing”)


sëmurë

A contracted form of sëmundur, from mund.


moujtun

From muj, a Gheg variant of mund (attested in Meshari), from Proto-Albanian *magti-on with diphthongized a > ou before stops, from Proto-Indo-European *mag (“be able, have power”). Compare German Macht, English might.


mitur

From Proto-Albanian *mit-ono, from Proto-Indo-European *meH1i (“mild, soft”). Compare Latin mitis.


kaltër

From earlier *kaltënë, borrowed from Vulgar Latin *calthinus (“yellow, yellowish”), from Latin caltha (“marigold”). Ultimately from Ancient Greek κάλαθος (kálathos).


kërr

Possibly related to Sanskrit खर (khára), Persian خر (xar, “donkey”). Alternatively, compare Persian کره (korre), Armenian քուռակ (kʻuṙak, “foal, colt”).

kalë kërr

grey, grey-haired; with little or no hair (of animals)

kodër kërre


koprac

Probably from the same root of kap, from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂p- (“to grasp, take”).


arbërisht

From Arbër (“Albanian”) + -isht (adjective suffix).


këndshëm

head

i këndshëm (feminine e këndshme, masculine plural të këndshëm, feminine plural të këndshme)

i këndshëm (canonical)
e këndshme (feminine)
të këndshëm (masculine plural)
të këndshme (feminine plural)


brydhët

Either from:
* older dialectal brydh + -ët, from Proto-Albanian *brūdza, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰruHg- (compare English brook, Serbo-Croatian brusiti (“to whet”)).
* Proto-Albanian *brūda, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewd- (“to break”). Close to Danish bryde (“to break”), Icelandic brytja (“to chop up, break in pieces, slaughter”).

cog

tender, soft, delicate, ripe (to the touch)


bakull

From bak (“belly”), possibly a variant of bark.


bruz

From Proto-Albanian *brudja, from Proto-Indo-European *bhrou-dh-. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *brudъ (“dirt”) and Thracian βρουτος (vroutos, “barley beer”).


shtarët

i shtarët (canonical)
e shtarët (feminine)

From Proto-Albanian *stara. Cognate to Ancient Greek στερεός (stereós, “tough, hard”), Old Norse starr (“stiff”), Lithuanian sterti (“to become stiff”).


surmë

From Proto-Albanian *tsurma, from Proto-Indo-European *k̑r̥mo-. Compare Lithuanian širmas (“grey”).


fyrbë

From the same source of fyl, from Proto-Albanian *fylbē.


rrok

Derivative of the verb, originally meaning 'something snatched off'.


mbarsë

From Proto-Albanian *en-bartja, from *en-barta (“to carry, transport”) (modern mbart). More at mbart. Cognate to Illyrian *bardia (“id”).

pregnant (of animals); with calf, in foal


rugjë

Singularized form of original *rugë, from Proto-Albanian *ruga, from Proto-Indo-European *reu-g- (“to tear, to pull”), close to Lithuanian rúgti (“to become sour”).


fishkët

From Proto-Albanian *spūška, cognate with Lithuanian pùškas (“blister, fin, pimple”), Latvian pusks (“tuft”).


pitër

From Proto-Albanian *pi(m)ita, related to Old Irish éim (“quick, fast”), Old Norse fimr (“id”).


rimtë

From rrime, cognate to Breton uurm (“dark”) and Welsh gwrm (“dark blue”).


kërthi

Derivative of kërth. Compare also Latin chordus (“late-born”).

fëmijë kërthi

born to old parents, later than their siblings


shpjertë

An old term, found in Buzuku, from shpie. Cognate to Lithuanian spérus (“rapid, energetic”).


tërthortë

From tërthor + -të, the former a prefixal derivative with tër-, based on *thor, from Proto-Albanian *tsāsra, continuing Proto-Indo-European *ḱes-ro- (“to cut”). Cognate to Sanskrit शस्त (śásta, “cut down, slaughtered”), Ancient Greek κεάζω (keázō, “to split”). Related to ther.


thkollët

A phonetic evolution of tëholloj (“to become thin”), based on hollë.


tytë

From tytë, most likely before the development of the tube sense.


bushtër

A derivative of bush (“monster”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to grow”), originally meaning 'to be wild', structurally similar to bisht.


vranët

Based on *vrër, *vran (“cloudy”), a prefixal derivative of re.


vitore

Has been analyzed to be from vejtare, from vegjëtare, from vegjë, meaning loom, translated as "weavers of fate". Alternatively a derivative of vis, cognate to Lithuanian vietà (“place”).

good, skilled, resourceful (for women and girls)


vrazhdë

Uncertain. Either:
# a derivative of vras, influenced by Old Church Slavonic вражьда (vražĭda, “enmity”) through Bulgarian,
# borrowed from Old Church Slavonic вражьда (vražĭda) or Bulgarian вражда (vražda) and transformed into an adjective.


thuthaq

Onomatopoeia, pronouncing alveolar fricative consonants as dental fricatives, e.g. ⟨s⟩ as ⟨ʃ⟩.


thëllim

Cognate to Lithuanian šálti (“to freeze”), Sanskrit शिशिर (śíśira, “cold, cool”), Old Norse háll (“slippery”). Alternatively, a derivative of thellë, with an intermediate meaning of “darkness; storm” to “harsh cold”.

(frozen and clear) weather (ice) wind, (severe) cold


turbull

From Romance *turbulus, also in Romanian turbure, Italian Sicilian trúbbulu, French trouble.


pështirë

A prefixal derivative of shtirem; pë- + shtirë.


kaçel

From Proto-Albanian *ka-štšala, a derivative of çalë.


rëpjetë

From a phonetic transformation of përpjetë.


kalesh

From Proto-Albanian *ka-laisa, a derivative of lesh.


breshtë

From Proto-Albanian *braištā, denasalized from *brainštā, deverbative of *brainja (modern brej (“to gnaw”)).


trashë

head

i trashë (feminine e tráshë, masculine plural të trásha, feminine plural të trásha)

i trashë (canonical)
e tráshë (feminine)
të trásha (masculine plural)
të trásha (feminine plural)

From Proto-Albanian *trauša. Close to Lithuanian trąšùs (“fat, fertile (soil)”) (cf. Albanian trashi (“fertile soil”)). May reflect ultimate origin in Proto-Indo-European *treu- (“to destroy”), but this is not certain.

inh

Trup i trashë.

Këmbë të trasha, buzë të trasha.

A ke parë sa i trashë është ai?

thick, fat, massive (thicker, wider than usual)

Libër i trashë. Libra të trasha.

voluminous, thick, large, big (consisting of many layers)

Rëra e trashë.

rough, gritty, gritty, coarse (substances or objects consisting of particles, fibers or granules)

Lëng i trashë.

low quality, cheap (production, fabrication, work)

Një zë i trashë.

deep, low-pitched (voices, vocals, sounds)

(figurative) indecent, rude, uncultured, tasteless, vulgar, trashy (person); vulgar, offensive, bold (speech)

See also: trashe (“fat cow, goat”)

stringy, fat (domesticated animal with large amount of excess flesh)

Tokë e trashë.

Toka e trashë.

fertile (when associated with soil, ground)

Zorra e trashë.


gjorë

head

i gjorë (feminine e gjorë, masculine plural të gjori, feminine plural të gjore)

i gjorë (canonical)
e gjorë (feminine)
të gjori (masculine plural)
të gjore (feminine plural)

A derivative of gjuaj, literally 'chased, persecuted'. Alternatively related to djerr.


belbët

From Proto-Albanian *balbā + -ët, from Proto-Indo-European *balb-, *balbal- (“barbaric speech”), of onomatopoeic origin. Cognate to Ancient Greek βαβάζω (babázō, “chats, talks indistinctly”), Latin balbūtiō (“to stammer, stutter”), Lithuanian blebénti (“babble”).


çifteli

From çift (“pair”) and tel (“string”), meaning "two stringed".

double, dual, twofold, binary, binate, coupled, paired, mated

një burrë çifteli

një grua çiftelie

(figurative) mad, grumpy, angry, bitter, rebellious, wild


dekorative

inflection of dekorativ:
feminine singular

inflection of dekorativ:
feminine plural


drenjë

Originally ‘doe’, from Proto-Albanian *dranjā, feminine of *drani (“deer, stag”), whence modern dre.


dekorativ

head

dekorativ (feminine dekorative, masculine plural dekorativë, feminine plural dekorative)

dekorative (feminine)
dekorativë (masculine plural)
dekorative (feminine plural)


shtremb

i shtremb (feminine plural të shtrembta)

i shtremb (canonical)
të shtrembta (feminine plural)

From Proto-Albanian *štramba, close to Old Prussian strambo (“stubble”), Lithuanian strampas (“club, truncheon”), and Proto-Germanic *strambaz, in Norwegian dial, stramb (“strong smell”), Middle Low German stram (“strong, powerful”). Alternatively a derivative of Vulgar Latin *strambus, from Latin strabus, akin to Romanian strâmb.


angësht

Enlargement of ang, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enǵʰ- (“narrow”). Compare Latin angustus (“narrow”), German Angst (“fear”). Doublet to Latin-borrowed ngushtë.


imtë

i imtë (canonical)
të imtë (feminine plural)

From Proto-Albanian *īs-mos, cognate with Sanskrit ईषत् (īṣat, “a little, slightly”), Latvian īss, from Proto-Indo-European *is (“a little”).


shqyptar

head

shqyptar (feminine shqyptare, masculine plural shqyptar, feminine plural shqyptare)

shqyptare (feminine)
shqyptar (masculine plural)
shqyptare (feminine plural)

[ʃc͡ɕʏp̚ˈtäːɹ]


hebraik

hebraik (feminine hebraike, masculine plural hebraikë, feminine plural hebraike)

hebraike (feminine)
hebraikë (masculine plural)
hebraike (feminine plural)


antisemitik

antisemitik (feminine antisemitike, masculine plural antisemitikë, feminine plural antisemitike)

antisemitike (feminine)
antisemitikë (masculine plural)
antisemitike (feminine plural)


nacionalistik

nacionalistik (feminine nacionalistike, masculine plural nacionalistikë, feminine plural nacionalistike)

nacionalistike (feminine)
nacionalistikë (masculine plural)
nacionalistike (feminine plural)


semitik

semitik (feminine semitike, masculine plural semitikë, feminine plural semitike)

semitike (feminine)
semitikë (masculine plural)
semitike (feminine plural)


islamik

islamik (feminine islamike, masculine plural islamikë, feminine plural islamike)

islamike (feminine)
islamikë (masculine plural)
islamike (feminine plural)


psikologjik

psikologjik (feminine psikologjike, masculine plural psikologjikë, feminine plural psikologjike)

psikologjike (feminine)
psikologjikë (masculine plural)
psikologjike (feminine plural)


gjeologik

gjeologik (feminine gjeologike, masculine plural gjeologikë, feminine plural gjeologike)

gjeologike (feminine)
gjeologikë (masculine plural)
gjeologike (feminine plural)


biografik

biografik (feminine biografike, masculine plural biografikë, feminine plural biografike)

biografike (feminine)
biografikë (masculine plural)
biografike (feminine plural)


gjeografik

gjeografik (feminine gjeografike, masculine plural gjeografikë, feminine plural gjeografike)

gjeografike (feminine)
gjeografikë (masculine plural)
gjeografike (feminine plural)


autobiografik

autobiografik (feminine autobiografike, masculine plural autobiografikë, feminine plural autobiografike)

autobiografike (feminine)
autobiografikë (masculine plural)
autobiografike (feminine plural)


metaforik

metaforik (feminine metaforike, masculine plural metaforikë, feminine plural metaforike)

metaforike (feminine)
metaforikë (masculine plural)
metaforike (feminine plural)


tematik

tematik (feminine tematike, masculine plural tematikë, feminine plural tematike)

tematike (feminine)
tematikë (masculine plural)
tematike (feminine plural)


çifut

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish چفوت (çıfut).


diagnostik

head

diagnostik (feminine diagnostike, masculine plural diagnostikë, feminine plural diagnostike)

diagnostike (feminine)
diagnostikë (masculine plural)
diagnostike (feminine plural)


ekonomik

ekonomik (feminine ekonomike, masculine plural ekonomikë, feminine plural ekonomike)

ekonomike (feminine)
ekonomikë (masculine plural)
ekonomike (feminine plural)


qelbës

Deverbative of qelb (“to stink, be rotten”), from kalb.


cmirë

Unknown. Maybe a negative form of mirë or related to cëmoj


çeltik

From a Slavic word meaning “chief, leader”, the source of Serbo-Croatian čȇlnīk. The spelling with ç- is influenced by the word çelik.


allosua

Uncertain. Hypotheses include:
# a variation of soj or lloj.
# from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos (“other”).
# from Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos, “other, different”).


llamburitës

From Ancient Greek λάμπω (lámpō) + -ur + -tës.


arbënisht

From arbën (“Albanian”) + -isht (adjective suffix).


kthjellët

head

i kthjellët (feminine plural të kthjellëta)

i kthjellët (canonical)
të kthjellëta (feminine plural)

transparent, pure, clean (of waters or other liquids)

clear (of sky, weather, sound, voice, thought etc)


miop

Internationalism, compare English myopic, Italian miope.


drambur

In Old Albanian (found in Epirota by Tommao de Mezzo), probably an archaic voiced Tosk variant of tremb (“to scare”).


shtatzënë

Blend of shtat (“body”) + zënë (“occupied”), from zë.


gollomësh

From Proto-Albanian *galwom-, from Proto-Indo-European *gelH- (“naked, bald”), compare Proto-Slavic *golъ (“naked”). The sense "bat" is a synonym of lakuriq nate (“bat, lit. nocturnal naked”).


lagaterë

Compound of lag (“to wet”) + -a- + ter (“to dry”).

uncertain or changeable weather (March or autumn)

(figurative, colloquial) emotionally unstable, happy to crying from moment to moment

(figurative, colloquial, derogatory) two-faced, deceitful


xhuxh

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish جوجه (cüce), altered either by contamination with xhuxhmaxhuxh (“dwarf”) or because it was loaned through Macedonian џуџе (džudže).


fallco

Borrowed from Latin falsus (“counterfeit, false; falsehood”), perfect passive participle of fallō (“deceive”).


kyç

Borrowed from a South Slavic language, compare Serbo-Croatian ključ (“key”), Old Church Slavonic ключь (ključĭ), and Bulgarian ключ (ključ). Ultimately derived from Proto-Slavic *kľučь (“key”).


besëlashtë

From besë (“oath, belief”) + lashtë (“ancient”).


lartë

i lartë (canonical)
të larta (feminine plural)

From Proto-Albanian *laudra, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lewdʰ- (“to grow”).


kabil

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish قابل (kabil).

bor+

𐔈𐔜𐔝𐔈 𐔏𐔀𐔁𐔍𐔐 / 𐔗𐔈𐔙 𐔏𐔈𐔝𐔈 𐔊𐔀𐔣𐔟𐔐𐔍𐔒 𐔇 𐔝𐔈 𐔒𐔍𐔙𐔈. / 𐔘𐔍 𐔁𐔀𐔎 𐔒𐔇 𐔎𐔟. 𐔇 𐔒𐔈 𐔋𐔍𐔓𐔝 𐔝𐔈 𐔒𐔈 𐔗𐔀/𐔊𐔟𐔀𐔓𐔍.

1761, Elbasan Gospel Manuscript, page 4, lines 8–11:

është kabil / për këtë gazulim e të mirë. / qi baj me ju. e më gjint të më pa/guani.


ndormë

Derived from dorë (“hand”) with the original meaning "handy, easy to make."


kadife

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish قطیفه (katife, kadife).


lylc

Gheg alternative of Standard/Tosk verdhë (“yellow”)

(“yellow”-meaning among most Gheg dialects)


betë

i betë (canonical)
të beta (feminine plural)

Unclear. Possibly a contraction of an earlier *bedhtë, with -të adjectival suffix, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰed-rós, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰed- (“to improve, make better”). Cognate with English better, Sanskrit भद्र (bhadra, “blessed; good; excellent”), Avestan 𐬵𐬎𐬠𐬀𐬜𐬭𐬀 (hubaδra, “fortunate”). Alternatively to be compared with Lydian 𐤡𐤠𐤯𐤯𐤬𐤳 (pattoš, “king”)), Ancient Greek Ancient Greek βᾰσῐλεύς (basileús), Illyrian Bato, and Proto-Indo-European *bʰéh₂ti (“to speak”).


vobektë

i vobektë (canonical)
të vobekta (feminine plural)

From a noun vobek/vobeg, a singularized plural of *vobog, from a South Slavic language; compare Old Church Slavonic оубогъ (ubogŭ, “wretched, poor”), Serbo-Croatian убог (“poor, miserable”), ultimately from Proto-Slavic *ubogъ (“poor”).


qartë

i qartë (canonical)
të qartë (feminine plural)

Seemingly from Italian chiaro. However, due to the existence of dialectal klartë and kjartë, a loan from Latin clarus seems more probable.


ashpër

i ashpër (canonical)
të ashpra (feminine plural)

Për mā t ashprë; ashtu ende petëka t ashpra e të fështira.

1621, Pjetër Budi, Pasëqyra e t'rrëfyemit:


sinqertë

/siŋˈc͡ɕɛɾtə/

Ai kërkon një njëri të sinqertë.


veshtë

From an adverb vesht, a locative of vesh (“ear”) according to Gazulli. Alternatively derived from Proto-Slavic *věštъ, compare Serbo-Croatian vešt, where connection with vesh would be through folk etymology.


jofitimprurës

përdorim jofitimprurës


çokollatë

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish چوقولاته (çokolata), from Italian cioccolata.


αρbε̰ρίσ̈τ

head

αρbε̰ρίσ̈τ (arbërísht) m (feminine αρbε̰ρίσ̈τε)

arbërísht (romanization)
αρbε̰ρίσ̈τε (feminine)

From αρbε̰ρ (arbër (“Albanian”)), with -ίσ̈τ (-isht) adjective suffix.
* Αρbε̰ρίσ̈τ (arbërisht) is the native term for the Greek term Aρβανίτικα (Arvanítika, “Arvanitika”). The Greek alphabet is used by these Αρβανίτες (Arvanítes, “Arvanites”).


dëftor

dëftor (feminine dëftore, masculine plural dëftorë, feminine plural dëftore)

dëftore (feminine)
dëftorë (masculine plural)
dëftore (feminine plural)

From dëft + -or (adjective and noun suffix).

mënyra dëftore

(grammar) of, or relating to the indicative mood


afatshkurtër

i afatshkurtër (feminine plural të afatshkurtëra)

i afatshkurtër (canonical)
të afatshkurtëra (feminine plural)

afat (“term, period, date”) + shkurtër (“short”)


paafruar

From pa- (“un-, non-, without-”) + afruar (“approached”) (participle).

prefix

njeri i paafrueshëm (m./sg.)

vajzë e paafrueshme (f./sg.)

sy të paafrueshëm (m./pl.)

orë të paafrueshme (f./pl.)


afatgjatë

head

i afatgjatë (feminine plural të afatgjata)

i afatgjatë (canonical)
të afatgjata (feminine plural)

From afat (“term, period, date”) + gjatë (“long”).


afërt

From afër (“close, nearby”) + -t (noun/adjective suffix).

suffix

related, akin, cognate, kindred, consanguineous

the related people

related languages


përafërt

From për- (“for, per”) + afërt (“relative”) . See afër (“close, nearby”), afërt (“relative”) for more.

Sipërfaqja e përafërt e tokave.

Tipare të përafërta.

Në kushte të përafërta.


lidhore

lidh (“connect”) + -ore (noun/adjective suffix)


kushtor

head

kushtor (feminine kushtore, masculine plural kushtorë, feminine plural kushtore)

kushtore (feminine)
kushtorë (masculine plural)
kushtore (feminine plural)

kusht (“dedicated”) + -or (noun/adjective suffix)

affix

mënyra kushtore

(grammar) of, or relating to the conditional mood


habitore

habit (“surprise, confuse”) + -ore (noun/adjective suffix)


dëshirore

dëshirë (“wish, desire”) + -ore (noun/adjective suffix)


lidhor

head

lidhor (feminine lidhore, masculine plural lidhorë, feminine plural lidhore)

lidhore (feminine)
lidhorë (masculine plural)
lidhore (feminine plural)

From lidh (“connect”) + -or (noun/adjective suffix).

affix

mënyra lidhore

(grammar) of, or relating to the subjunctive mood


urdhërore

urdhër (“return, answer, order”) + -ore (noun/adjective suffix)


šḱĭp

* in 1872: written in Old Gheg Albanian šḱĭp and šḱip in "ΔΙΑΤΑ Ε RĒ" (Standard Albanian: Dhjata e Re (“The New Testament”)).
* in 1895: wirtten in Old Gheg Albanian sccyp in "Fialuur i voghel Sccyp e ltinisct" (Small Dictionary of Albanian and Latin).
* See (Standard Albanian) shqip for more.

Alfabĕt Šḱĭp


shqiptare

From shqip + -tare; shqiptare f (“Albanian”). More at shqip.


šḱip

* in 1872: written in Old Gheg as šḱĭp and šḱip in "ΔΙΑΤΑ Ε RĒ" (Standard Albanian: "Dhjata e Re", 'The New Testament').
* in 1895: wirtten in Gheg as sccyp in "FIALUUR I VOGHEL SCCYP E LTINISCT" (Small Dictionary of Albanian and Latin).


Çamërisht

From Çamëri (“Chameria”) + -sht (adj. suffix); Çhamërisht.

Flas Çamërisht.

Tosk Albanian subdialect (close related to Lab and Arbëreshë). Spoken by Cham Albanians, an ethnic Albanian minority in the Epirus region of northwestern Greece.


shqyptare

Gheg form of Standard Albanian shqiptare f (“Albanian”). Compound of shqyp + -tare; shqyptare f (“Albanian”).
shqip is the Standard Albanian form of Gheg shqyp, which was written in Gheg as "sccyp" in "Fialuur i voghel sccyp e ltinisct" (1895) and as
# šḱĭp/šḱip in "ΔΙΑΤΑ Ε RĒ" (1872).


tanë

head

i tanë (feminine e tanë, masculine plural të tanë, feminine plural të tana)

i tãnë ~ i tanë (canonical)
e tanë (feminine)
të tanë (masculine plural)
të tana (feminine plural)


dëshiror

dëshiror (feminine dëshirore, masculine plural dëshirorë, feminine plural dëshirore)

dëshirore (feminine)
dëshirorë (masculine plural)
dëshirore (feminine plural)

mënyra dëshirore

(grammar) of, or relating to the optative mood


urdhëror

urdhëror (feminine urdhërore, masculine plural urdhërorë, feminine plural urdhërore)

urdhërore (feminine)
urdhërorë (masculine plural)
urdhërore (feminine plural)

From urdhër (“return, answer, order”) + -or (noun/adjective suffix).

affix

mënyra urdhërore

(grammar) of, or relating to the imperative mood


poshtër

i poshtër (canonical)
e poshtër (feminine)


ngjelmët

From Proto-Albanian *en-salma, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls (“salt”). Related to ngjelmë with cognates including Ancient Greek ἅλς (háls), Latin sāl, Old Armenian աղ (ał) and the like.


shpjegueshëm

head

i shpjegueshëm (feminine e shpjegueshme, masculine plural të shpjegueshëm, feminine plural të shpjegueshme)

i shpjegueshëm (canonical)
e shpjegueshme (feminine)
të shpjegueshëm (masculine plural)
të shpjegueshme (feminine plural)

[ʃpjɛˈɡuɛʃəm]


sjellshëm

i sjellshëm (feminine e sjellshme, masculine plural të sjellshëm, feminine plural të sjellshme)

i sjellshëm (canonical)
e sjellshme (feminine)
të sjellshëm (masculine plural)
të sjellshme (feminine plural)


αρbε̰ρισ̈τ

Arvanitic term, from αρbε̰ρ (arbër) + -ίσ̈τ (-isht) (adjective suffix).


tejkombëtar

tejkombëtar (feminine tejkombëtare, masculine plural tejkombëtarë, feminine plural tejkombëtare)

tejkombëtare (feminine)
tejkombëtarë (masculine plural)
tejkombëtare (feminine plural)

From tej (“far, beyond”) + kombëtar (“national”).


epërm

From epër + -m (adj. suffix). See epër (“high, upwards, up”) for more.

(“i epërm m” and “e epërme f” often appear in names of villages, streets, rivers, etc. Cf. “Budrika e Epërme”, “Stublla e Epërme”, “Dumnica e Epërme”, “Lluka e Epërme'” (same as english “Upper”))

upper, overhead, top, over, higher, superior, supreme


ulët

head

i ulët (feminine e ulët, masculine plural të ulëta, feminine plural të ulëta)

i ulët (canonical)
e ulët (feminine)
të ulëta (masculine plural)
të ulëta (feminine plural)

fjalë të ulëta

shprehje e ulët

(figurative, speech) ugly, mean, primitive, bad


dalë

i dalë (feminine e dálë, masculine plural të dála, feminine plural të dála)

i dalë (canonical)
e dálë (feminine)
të dála (masculine plural)
të dála (feminine plural)

Participle of Albanian dal (“I exit, go out”). From Proto-Albanian *dala. See Albanian dal (“I exit, go out”) for more.

outgoing, extended, protruding (features, personality, clothing, etc.)

traveling, wandering, itinerant (person) (a globetrotter, especially a tourist. A foreign person travelling around the world)

(colloquial) wandering, traveling (locals) (living abroad)


vendore

From vendos (“to decide, to place”) + -ore (“forming adjectives”). As a grammatical noun, an elision of rasë vendore. It had been proposed to be part of the Albanian case system in the past.


pësor

head

pësór (feminine pësore, masculine plural pësore, feminine plural pësore)

pësór (canonical)
pësore (feminine)
pësore (masculine plural)
pësore (feminine plural)

(grammar, linguistics) (medio)passive (diathesis, voice)


veprore

veprore (feminine veproree, masculine plural veprore, feminine plural veprore)

veproree (feminine)
veprore (masculine plural)
veprore (feminine plural)

From vepër (“creation, art, actvitiy”) + -ore (feminine suffix).

suffix

(grammar, linguistics) active (diathesis, voice)


pësore

head

pësóre (feminine pësoree, masculine plural pësore, feminine plural pësore)

pësóre (canonical)
pësoree (feminine)
pësore (masculine plural)
pësore (feminine plural)

From pësor (passive) + -e (-fem. suffix). See pësor m (“passive”) for more.


vetvetor

From vetvete ((your)self) + -or (-masculine suffix), see vetvete and vetë (“self”) for more.

suffix

diatezë vetvetore f

(grammar, linguistics) reflexive (diathesis, voice


vepror

head

vepror (feminine veprore, masculine plural veprore, feminine plural veprore)

veprore (feminine)
veprore (masculine plural)
veprore (feminine plural)

From vepër (“creation, art, actvitiy”) + -or (masculine suffix).


shurdhër

head

i shurdhër (feminine plural të shurdhër)

i shurdhër (canonical)
të shurdhër (feminine plural)

From Latin surdus with the native -ër/-ën suffix.


vishnjë

From a South Slavic language, from Proto-Slavic *višьňa. Compare Serbo-Croatian ви̏шња, Romanian vișină, Turkish vişne.


mbarë

i mbarë (canonical)
të mbára (feminine plural)

From mbar (“I bring (back), return”) (from Proto-Albanian *en-bara; further related to Albanian mbart (“I bear, carry”), mbaroj (“I finish, complete, end, fulfill, comply”), mbaj (“I carry, hold”)).
Orel disagrees with Meyer; proposed it as a tabooistically used loanword for Latin impar (“uneven, unequal”).

(up)right, proper, appropriate, correct, orderly; front (side of an object)

Udha (e) mbarë!

Dita (e) mbarë!

drithëra të mbara

good, proper, well (associated with health, growth, development, harvesting)

njeri i mbarë

obedient, wise, proper, descent, well behaved (associated with character, personality, behaviour)

një shenjë e mbarë

(figurative) lucky, happy, good, auspicious

mbarë bota

mbarë populli

whole, entire (also as an adverb; "wholly, entirely, completely", etc.)


gjerman

populli gjerman

gjuha gjermane


gjermane

gjuha gjermane

Gjuha gjermane flitet në Gjermani, Austri dhe në rajonin verior të Zvicrës.

The German language is spoken in Germany, Austria and the nothern region of Switzerland.


komunal

Ultimately from Latin commūnālis (“communal”), from commūnis (“common, shared”) + -ālis (“-al”), with influence from komunë in reference to local government.

këshilli komunal

Of or related to a commune, particularly (historical) Albania's former nahiyes and communes, which oversaw local government.


marrtë

Cognate to Albanian marrë; both from Proto-Albanian *marsa (from Proto-Indo-European *mergʷ- (“to flicker; to darken; to be dark”); Proto-Indo-European *h₂mergʷ- (“dark”)).
Cognate to Proto-Slavic *morkъ (“darkness”), *morxъ (“dusk, fog”), Proto-Slavic *mergъ (“brown”), Proto-Germanic *merkuz (“dark”), Ancient Greek ἀμορβός (amorbós, “dark”), Lithuanian márgas (“colorful”).
Also related to Albanian murg (“dark”), murgët (also derived from Proto-Indo-European *mergʷ- (“to flicker; to darken; to be dark”)).


grevist

Borrowed from French gréviste. By surface analysis, grevë (“strike”) + -ist.

surf

luftë greviste

punëtor grevist


nalt

i nalt (canonical)
të nalta (feminine plural)


dungë

Unclear. From Proto-Albanian *dungā, either from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s (“tongue”) (cf. German Zunge, Latin lingua) or a zero-grade of Proto-Indo-European *dʰen- (“to beat, push”), close to Proto-Germanic *dingwaną (“to beat”), cf. Old English dengan (“to ding, beat, strike”, weak verb) and Old Norse dengja (“to hammer”, weak verb), English ding.

cog

bobtailed, having a docked tail (of goats)


zorshëm

i zorshëm (canonical)
e zorshme (feminine)

punë e zorshme


grekoman

→ Aromanian: gricuman

Borrowed from French grécomane. Compare Romanian grecoman.

borgjezia grekomane

shkolla grekomane

propaganda grekomane

agjentët grekomanë

kleri grekoman

Grecoman (that has to do with the Grecomans; of the Grecomans)


gafil

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish غافل (gafil).

bor+

سلطان محمود موس ری غافل

1735–1736, Nezim Frakulla, Divan, Resuli's ms., folio 25b:


gushëkuq

From gushë (“neck, chin”) + kuq (“red”), due to the characteristic red-orange tint of the bird's breast and face.


arumun

populli arumun


arumune

Feminine version of arumun; arumun + -e (feminine suffix).

gjuha arumune

Gjuha arumune flitet kryesisht në Greqi, Shqipëri, Maqedoninë e Veriut, dhe në Rumani.

The Aromanian language is spoken mainly in Greece, Albania, North Macedonia and in Romania.

valle dhe kostume tradicionale arumune

Aromanian traditional dances and costumes


rumun

populli rumun

gjuha rumune

traditat rumune

shtetas rumun

kufiri rumun


rumune

Feminine version of arumun; rumun + -e (feminine suffix).

gjuha rumune

Gjuha rumune flitet kryesisht në Rumani, Moldavi, Hungari, dhe në Ukrainë.

The Romanian language is spoken mainly in Romania, Moldova, Hungaria and in Ukraine.

valle dhe kostume tradicionale rumune

Romanian traditional dances and costumes


maqedorumun

maqedorumún (canonical)
maqedorumune (feminine)

populli maqedorumun

gjuha maqedorumune

traditat maqedorumune

dialekti maqedorumun