ang

ang m (definite angje, definite plural angu)

Dialectal. From Proto-Albanian *anga, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂(o)nǵʰ- (“narrow”), Proto-Indo-European *h₂enǵʰ- (“to constrict”). Cognate to Latin ango (“to cramp (up), constrict”), German eng (“narrow”).

der

(mythology) shapeless ghost who appears in dreams


x

The thirty-second letter of the Albanian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


uragan

sq-noun

uragan m (plural uragane, definite uragani, definite plural uraganet)

uragane (plural)
uragani (definite)
uraganet (definite plural)


gunga

indefinite nominative/accusative plural of gungë


shi

shi m (plural shira, definite shiu, definite plural shirat)

shira (plural)
shiu (definite)
shirat (definite plural)
shi (indefinite nominative singular)
shiu (definite nominative singular)
shira (indefinite nominative plural)
shirat (definite nominative plural)
shi (accusative indefinite singular)
shiun (accusative definite singular)
shira (accusative indefinite plural)
shirat (accusative definite plural)
shiu (dative indefinite singular)
shiut (dative definite singular)
shirave (dative indefinite plural)
shirave (dative definite plural)
shiu (ablative indefinite singular)
shiut (ablative definite singular)
shirash (ablative indefinite plural)
shirave (ablative definite plural)

From Proto-Albanian *śūh, from Proto-Indo-European *suh₂-s < *sh₂ew- (“to rain”). Compare Ancient Greek ὕει (húei, “it rains”), Hittite [script needed] (ishuwāi, “(s)he pours out, spills”), Tocharian B suwaṃ (“it rains”).


avaz

sq-noun

avaz m (plural avazë, definite avazi, definite plural avazet)

avazë (plural)
avazi (definite)
avazet (definite plural)

From Ottoman Turkish آواز (avaz, “cry, shout; voice, sound; tone, note”).


ata

sq-personal pronoun

ata m pl (accusative ata, dative atyre, ablative atyre)

ata (accusative ata, dative atij, ablative (a)tij)

ata (accusative)
atyre (dative)
atyre (ablative)
ata (accusative)
atij (dative)
(a)tij (ablative)
ata (masculine nominative plural third-person)
atyre (ablative masculine plural third-person)
tyre (ablative masculine plural third-person)
ata (accusative masculine plural third-person)
i (accusative clitic masculine plural third-person)
atyre (dative masculine plural third-person)
u (clitic dative masculine plural third-person)
i tyre (masculine plural third-person)
i tyri (masculine plural possessive pronoun third-person)

From the accusative Proto-Albanian *a-ta, compound of proclitic particle a and demonstrative ta, from Proto-Indo-European *tóms, masculine accusative plural of *só m (“that (one)”) (compare Latin istud, English that).
Older and dialectal varieties retain ablative asish, acish, from a + Proto-Albanian *tsj(a)isu, from *ḱjoisu, locative of Proto-Indo-European *ḱís (“this (one)”) (compare English he).


tras

Uncertain; possibly from Proto-Albanian *tratja, from *tra + *-atja, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥h₂-é-ti, from *terh₂- (“to cross over, pass through”). Alternatively borrowed from Romanian tras (“pulled”), past participle of trage (“to pull”).


dak

sq-noun

dak m (plural daqe, definite daku, definite plural daqet)

daqe (plural)
daku (definite)
daqet (definite plural)

From Proto-Albanian *dauka, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰew-, further related to Lithuanian dvékti (“to breathe”), dvākas (“breath”). Related to dash.


Demi

Calque of Latin Taurus, using dem (“bull”).

(astrology) Taurus (a person born under the sign of Taurus)


ji

second-person singular imperative of jam


vak

Of uncertain origin. Compare Old Norse vókr (“wet”).


stap

Prefixed form of tap, onomatopoeia. Compare Old English stæf, Dutch staf, German Stab, Swedish stav, all meaning 'stick, staff’.


mëz

mëz m (plural mëza, definite mëzi, definite plural mëzat)

mëza (plural)
mëzi (definite)
mëzat (definite plural)

Tosk form of Gheg mâz, from Old Albanian manz (Buzuku), from Proto-Albanian *mandja, from *mand- (“to feed (trans.), suckle”) (modern mënd). Close related to Messapic menza (“foal”). Lent Romanian mânz. More at mënd.


daltë

daltë f (plural dalta, definite dalta, definite plural daltat)

dalta (plural)
dalta (definite)
daltat (definite plural)

Either an inherited term, or a Slavic borrowing. Çabej deems it as inherited from Proto-Indo-European, listing Proto-Slavic *dolto (“chisel”) and Latin dolō (“I hew”) as cognates, and linking it internally with deltinë (“clay”). Çabej's arguments are based on the lack of archaic borrowings from Slavic into Albanian; in this case, a borrowing would necessitate linguistic exchange prior to Slavic liquid metathesis. Omari disagrees with Çabej's parallels between daltë and deltinë due to semantic problems. Svane casts doubt on Çabej's arguments, suggesting that it may have been borrowed later from a South Slavic language (derived from Proto-Slavic *dolto), and the *dla- > *dal- metathesis could have occurred within Albanian for ease of articulation. Preserved in South Slavic as Bulgarian длато (dlato). Romanian daltă (“chisel”) is seen by some linguists as an Albanian borrowing.


baltë

baltë f (plural balta/baltëra, definite balta, definite plural balta/baltërat)

balta (plural)
baltëra (plural)
balta (definite)
balta (definite plural)
baltërat (definite plural)
baltë (indefinite nominative singular)
balta (definite nominative singular)
balta (indefinite nominative plural)
baltat (definite nominative plural)
baltë (accusative indefinite singular)
baltën (accusative definite singular)
balta (accusative indefinite plural)
baltat (accusative definite plural)
balteje (dative indefinite singular)
baltës (dative definite singular)
baltave (dative indefinite plural)
baltave (dative definite plural)
balteje (ablative indefinite singular)
baltës (ablative definite singular)
baltash (ablative indefinite plural)
baltave (ablative definite plural)
baltë (indefinite nominative singular)
balta (definite nominative singular)
baltëra (indefinite nominative plural)
baltërat (definite nominative plural)
baltë (accusative indefinite singular)
baltën (accusative definite singular)
baltëra (accusative indefinite plural)
baltërat (accusative definite plural)
balteje (dative indefinite singular)
baltës (dative definite singular)
baltërave (dative indefinite plural)
baltërave (dative definite plural)
balteje (ablative indefinite singular)
baltës (ablative definite singular)
baltërash (ablative indefinite plural)
baltërave (ablative definite plural)

From Proto-Albanian *baltā (“marsh”), hypothetically from a Proto-Indo-European *bʰolHto- (“white > marsh”), a derivative of *bʰel- (“shining, white”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *bolto (“swamp”), Lithuanian báltas (“white, shining”). Often considered an Illyrian substrate word together with blattea. It could also turn out to be a Mediterranean substrate word, compare Italian palta.


kok

Internationalism, compare German Kokke, Italian cocco, English coccus.


kok

Borrowed from Vulgar Latin, from Latin coquus (“cook”).


lus

(active voice, transitive) to request, (kindly) ask for; to plead, to beg


merak

sq-noun

merak m (plural merake, definite meraku)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish مراق (merak).

bor+

great worry, concern, anxiety, uneasiness


bri

brirë (plural)
briri (definite)
brina (plural)
brini (definite)
bri (indefinite nominative singular)
briri (definite nominative singular)
brirë (indefinite nominative plural)
brirët (definite nominative plural)
bri (accusative indefinite singular)
bririn (accusative definite singular)
brirë (accusative indefinite plural)
brirët (accusative definite plural)
briri (dative indefinite singular)
bririt (dative definite singular)
brirëve (dative indefinite plural)
brirëve (dative definite plural)
briri (ablative indefinite singular)
bririt (ablative definite singular)
brirësh (ablative indefinite plural)
brirëve (ablative definite plural)
bri (indefinite nominative singular)
brini (definite nominative singular)
brina (indefinite nominative plural)
brinat (definite nominative plural)
bri (accusative indefinite singular)
brinin (accusative definite singular)
brina (accusative indefinite plural)
brinat (accusative definite plural)
brini (dative indefinite singular)
brinit (dative definite singular)
brinave (dative indefinite plural)
brinave (dative definite plural)
brini (ablative indefinite singular)
brinit (ablative definite singular)
brinash (ablative indefinite plural)
brinave (ablative definite plural)

From Proto-Albanian *brina, from pre-Albanian *bʰr̥nos, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrendos (“stag, red deer”). Cognate to Messapic bréndon (“deer”), Thracian Brendike, Swedish brinde (“elk”), Lithuanian bríedis (“elk”).
Alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *h₃bʰrúHs (“eyebrow”), although the semantic development would be unique for this root.


molla

inflection of mollë:
definite nominative singular

inflection of mollë:
indefinite nominative/accusative plural


çadër

sq-noun

çadër f (plural çadra, definite çadra, definite plural çadrat)

çadra (plural)
çadra (definite)
çadrat (definite plural)
çadër (indefinite nominative singular)
çadra (definite nominative singular)
çadra (indefinite nominative plural)
çadrat (definite nominative plural)
çadër (accusative indefinite singular)
çadrën (accusative definite singular)
çadra (accusative indefinite plural)
çadrat (accusative definite plural)
çadre (dative indefinite singular)
çadrës (dative definite singular)
çadrave (dative indefinite plural)
çadrave (dative definite plural)
çadre (ablative indefinite singular)
çadrës (ablative definite singular)
çadrash (ablative indefinite plural)
çadrave (ablative definite plural)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish چادر (çadır), from Middle Persian [Term?]. Compare Turkish çadır, Hungarian sátor, Central Kurdish چادر (çadir), Russian шатёр (šatjór), Serbo-Croatian šator.


kos

kos m (plural kosë, definite kosi, definite plural kosët)

kosë (plural)
kosi (definite)
kosët (definite plural)

From a South Slavic language, compare Old Church Slavonic квасъ (kvasŭ, “sour dough, sour drink”), archaic Serbo-Croatian квас (“yeast”), Slovene kvas (“yeast”). Ultimately from Proto-Slavic *kvasъ (“leaven, fermented drink”).


haps

sq-noun

haps m (plural haps, definite hapsi, definite plural hapsit)

haps (plural)
hapsi (definite)
hapsit (definite plural)
haps (indefinite nominative singular)
hapsi (definite nominative singular)
haps (indefinite nominative plural)
hapsit (definite nominative plural)
haps (accusative indefinite singular)
hapsin (accusative definite singular)
haps (accusative indefinite plural)
hapsit (accusative definite plural)
hapsi (dative indefinite singular)
hapsit (dative definite singular)
hapsve (dative indefinite plural)
hapsve (dative definite plural)
hapsi (ablative indefinite singular)
hapsit (ablative definite singular)
hapssh (ablative indefinite plural)
hapsve (ablative definite plural)

From Ottoman Turkish حبس (habs, “imprisonment, prison”), from Arabic حَبْس (ḥabs, “confinement”).


prag

sq-noun

prag m (plural pragje, definite pragu, definite plural pragjet)

pragje (plural)
pragu (definite)
pragjet (definite plural)
prag (indefinite nominative singular)
pragu (definite nominative singular)
pragje (indefinite nominative plural)
pragjet (definite nominative plural)
prag (accusative indefinite singular)
pragun (accusative definite singular)
pragje (accusative indefinite plural)
pragjet (accusative definite plural)
pragu (dative indefinite singular)
pragut (dative definite singular)
pragjeve (dative indefinite plural)
pragjeve (dative definite plural)
pragu (ablative indefinite singular)
pragut (ablative definite singular)
pragjesh (ablative indefinite plural)
pragjeve (ablative definite plural)

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic прагъ (pragŭ), from Proto-Slavic *porgъ (“threshold”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *parˀgas, from Proto-Indo-European *porg-o-. Compare Macedonian праг (prag), Serbo-Croatian prȁg.


namaz

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish نماز (namaz), from Persian نماز (namâz).


anason

Pimpinella anisum
Pimpinella anisum#Translingual


bronz

sq-noun

bronz m (plural bronze, definite bronzi)

Internationalism, compare French bronze, Italian bronzo, German Bronze.

(figurative) trifle, bauble (worthless thing)


koks

Internationalism, ultimately from English coke. Compare German Koks.


jap

dhashë (aorist)
dhënë (participle)
dhënë (participle)
duke dhënë (gerund)
për të dhënë (infinitive)
jap (first-person indicative present singular)
jep (indicative present second-person singular)
jep (indicative present singular third-person)
japim (first-person indicative plural present)
jepni (indicative plural present second-person)
japin (indicative plural present third-person)
jepja (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
jepje (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
jepte (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
jepnim (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
jepnit (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
jepnin (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
dhashë (aorist first-person indicative singular)
dhe (aorist indicative second-person singular)
dha (aorist indicative singular third-person)
dhamë (aorist first-person indicative plural)
dhatë (aorist indicative plural second-person)
dhanë (aorist indicative plural third-person)
kam dhënë (first-person indicative perfect singular)
ke dhënë (indicative perfect second-person singular)
ka dhënë (indicative perfect singular third-person)
kemi dhënë (first-person indicative perfect plural)
keni dhënë (indicative perfect plural second-person)
kanë dhënë (indicative perfect plural third-person)
kisha dhënë (first-person indicative past perfect singular)
kishe dhënë (indicative past perfect second-person singular)
kishte dhënë (indicative past perfect singular third-person)
kishim dhënë (first-person indicative past perfect plural)
kishit dhënë (indicative past perfect plural second-person)
kishin dhënë (indicative past perfect plural third-person)
pata dhënë (first-person indicative singular)
pate dhënë (indicative second-person singular)
pati dhënë (indicative singular third-person)
patëm dhënë (first-person indicative plural)
patët dhënë (indicative plural second-person)
patën dhënë (indicative plural third-person)
do të jap (first-person future indicative singular)
do të japësh (future indicative second-person singular)
do të japë (future indicative singular third-person)
do të japim (first-person future indicative plural)
do të jepni (future indicative plural second-person)
do të japin (future indicative plural third-person)
do të kem dhënë (first-person future indicative perfect singular)
do të kesh dhënë (future indicative perfect second-person singular)
do të ketë dhënë (future indicative perfect singular third-person)
do të kemi dhënë (first-person future indicative perfect plural)
do të keni dhënë (future indicative perfect plural second-person)
do të kenë dhënë (future indicative perfect plural third-person)
të jap (first-person present singular subjunctive)
të japësh (present second-person singular subjunctive)
të japë (present singular subjunctive third-person)
të japim (first-person plural present subjunctive)
të jepni (plural present second-person subjunctive)
të japin (plural present subjunctive third-person)
të jepja (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
të jepje (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të jepte (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të jepnim (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
të jepnit (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të jepnin (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
të kem dhënë (first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
të kesh dhënë (perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të ketë dhënë (perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të kemi dhënë (first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
të keni dhënë (perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të kenë dhënë (perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
të kisha dhënë (first-person past perfect singular subjunctive)
të kishe dhënë (past perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të kishte dhënë (past perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të kishim dhënë (first-person past perfect plural subjunctive)
të kishit dhënë (past perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të kishin dhënë (past perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
do të jepja (conditional first-person imperfect singular)
do të jepje (conditional imperfect second-person singular)
do të jepte (conditional imperfect singular third-person)
do të jepnim (conditional first-person imperfect plural)
do të jepnit (conditional imperfect plural second-person)
do të jepnin (conditional imperfect plural third-person)
do të kisha dhënë (conditional first-person past perfect singular)
do të kishe dhënë (conditional past perfect second-person singular)
do të kishte dhënë (conditional past perfect singular third-person)
do të kishim dhënë (conditional first-person past perfect plural)
do të kishit dhënë (conditional past perfect plural second-person)
do të kishin dhënë (conditional past perfect plural third-person)
dhënça (first-person optative present singular)
dhënç (optative present second-person singular)
dhëntë (optative present singular third-person)
dhënçim (first-person optative plural present)
dhënçit (optative plural present second-person)
dhënçin (optative plural present third-person)
paça dhënë (first-person optative perfect singular)
paç dhënë (optative perfect second-person singular)
pastë dhënë (optative perfect singular third-person)
paçim dhënë (first-person optative perfect plural)
paçit dhënë (optative perfect plural second-person)
paçin dhënë (optative perfect plural third-person)
dhënkam (admirative first-person present singular)
dhënke (admirative present second-person singular)
dhënka (admirative present singular third-person)
dhënkemi (admirative first-person plural present)
dhënkeni (admirative plural present second-person)
dhënkan (admirative plural present third-person)
dhënkësha (admirative first-person imperfect singular)
dhënkëshe (admirative imperfect second-person singular)
dhënkësh (admirative imperfect singular third-person)
dhënkëshim (admirative first-person imperfect plural)
dhënkëshit (admirative imperfect plural second-person)
dhënkëshin (admirative imperfect plural third-person)
paskam dhënë (admirative first-person perfect singular)
paske dhënë (admirative perfect second-person singular)
paska dhënë (admirative perfect singular third-person)
paskemi dhënë (admirative first-person perfect plural)
paskeni dhënë (admirative perfect plural second-person)
paskan dhënë (admirative perfect plural third-person)
paskësha dhënë (admirative first-person past perfect singular)
paskëshe dhënë (admirative past perfect second-person singular)
paskësh dhënë (admirative past perfect singular third-person)
paskëshim dhënë (admirative first-person past perfect plural)
paskëshit dhënë (admirative past perfect plural second-person)
paskëshin dhënë (admirative past perfect plural third-person)
jep (imperative present second-person singular)
jepni (imperative plural present second-person)

Variant of dialectal ap, from Proto-Albanian *apa, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁op-eio/e-, from *h₁ep- (“to take”). The verb is suppletive with past dhashë and participle dhënë from Proto-Indo-European *deh₃-.


grah

From Proto-Albanian *graska or *grah, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥H-sḱé-ti, from *gʷerH- (“to raise a cry”). Frequently ngrah with the intensive prefix n-.


bec

bec m (plural beca, definite beci, definite plural becat)

beca (plural)
beci (definite)
becat (definite plural)

Onomatopoeic. From the bleating sound, with -c/ç suffix.


nen

numbered subdivision of a law: paragraph, article, section (of a statute);


shend

From Ottoman Turkish شن (şen), from Armenian շեն (šen).


tej

From Proto-Albanian *tai e, a parallel formation to tëhu.


damar

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish طمر (damar).

an inherited trait, characteristic, or feature


tepe

tepe f (plural tepe, definite tepja, definite plural tepet)

tepe (plural)
tepja (definite)
tepet (definite plural)
tepe (indefinite nominative singular)
tepa (definite nominative singular)
tepe (indefinite nominative plural)
tepet (definite nominative plural)
tepe (accusative indefinite singular)
tepen (accusative definite singular)
tepe (accusative indefinite plural)
tepet (accusative definite plural)
tepe (dative indefinite singular)
tepes (dative definite singular)
tepeve (dative indefinite plural)
tepeve (dative definite plural)
tepe (ablative indefinite singular)
tepes (ablative definite singular)
tepesh (ablative indefinite plural)
tepeve (ablative definite plural)

From Ottoman Turkish تپه (tepe, “crown of the head, apex, summit, mountain peak, hill”), from Proto-Turkic *tepe (“hill, top; top of head”).


tus

From Proto-Albanian *tutja, cognate to Old Norse þeya (“to melt”), Old High German douwen (“id”), with 'being silent' as an intermediary stage of semantic development. Alternatively related to tund.


harap

sq-noun

harap m (plural harapë, definite harapi)


kap

kapur (participle)
duke kapur (gerund)
për të kapur (infinitive)
kap (first-person indicative present singular)
kap (indicative present second-person singular)
kap (indicative present singular third-person)
kapim (first-person indicative plural present)
kapni (indicative plural present second-person)
kapin (indicative plural present third-person)
kapja (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
kapje (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
kapte (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
kapnim (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
kapnit (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
kapnin (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
kapa (aorist first-person indicative singular)
kape (aorist indicative second-person singular)
kapi (aorist indicative singular third-person)
kapëm (aorist first-person indicative plural)
kapët (aorist indicative plural second-person)
kapën (aorist indicative plural third-person)
kam kapur (first-person indicative perfect singular)
ke kapur (indicative perfect second-person singular)
ka kapur (indicative perfect singular third-person)
kemi kapur (first-person indicative perfect plural)
keni kapur (indicative perfect plural second-person)
kanë kapur (indicative perfect plural third-person)
kisha kapur (first-person indicative past perfect singular)
kishe kapur (indicative past perfect second-person singular)
kishte kapur (indicative past perfect singular third-person)
kishim kapur (first-person indicative past perfect plural)
kishit kapur (indicative past perfect plural second-person)
kishin kapur (indicative past perfect plural third-person)
pata kapur (first-person indicative singular)
pate kapur (indicative second-person singular)
pati kapur (indicative singular third-person)
patëm kapur (first-person indicative plural)
patët kapur (indicative plural second-person)
patën kapur (indicative plural third-person)
do të kap (first-person future indicative singular)
do të kapësh (future indicative second-person singular)
do të kapë (future indicative singular third-person)
do të kapim (first-person future indicative plural)
do të kapni (future indicative plural second-person)
do të kapin (future indicative plural third-person)
do të kem kapur (first-person future indicative perfect singular)
do të kesh kapur (future indicative perfect second-person singular)
do të ketë kapur (future indicative perfect singular third-person)
do të kemi kapur (first-person future indicative perfect plural)
do të keni kapur (future indicative perfect plural second-person)
do të kenë kapur (future indicative perfect plural third-person)
të kap (first-person present singular subjunctive)
të kapësh (present second-person singular subjunctive)
të kapë (present singular subjunctive third-person)
të kapim (first-person plural present subjunctive)
të kapni (plural present second-person subjunctive)
të kapin (plural present subjunctive third-person)
të kapja (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
të kapje (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të kapte (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të kapnim (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
të kapnit (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të kapnin (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
të kem kapur (first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
të kesh kapur (perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të ketë kapur (perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të kemi kapur (first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
të keni kapur (perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të kenë kapur (perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
të kisha kapur (first-person past perfect singular subjunctive)
të kishe kapur (past perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të kishte kapur (past perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të kishim kapur (first-person past perfect plural subjunctive)
të kishit kapur (past perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të kishin kapur (past perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
do të kapja (conditional first-person imperfect singular)
do të kapje (conditional imperfect second-person singular)
do të kapte (conditional imperfect singular third-person)
do të kapnim (conditional first-person imperfect plural)
do të kapnit (conditional imperfect plural second-person)
do të kapnin (conditional imperfect plural third-person)
do të kisha kapur (conditional first-person past perfect singular)
do të kishe kapur (conditional past perfect second-person singular)
do të kishte kapur (conditional past perfect singular third-person)
do të kishim kapur (conditional first-person past perfect plural)
do të kishit kapur (conditional past perfect plural second-person)
do të kishin kapur (conditional past perfect plural third-person)
kapsha (first-person optative present singular)
kapsh (optative present second-person singular)
kaptë (optative present singular third-person)
kapshim (first-person optative plural present)
kapshit (optative plural present second-person)
kapshin (optative plural present third-person)
paça kapur (first-person optative perfect singular)
paç kapur (optative perfect second-person singular)
pastë kapur (optative perfect singular third-person)
paçim kapur (first-person optative perfect plural)
paçit kapur (optative perfect plural second-person)
paçin kapur (optative perfect plural third-person)
kapkam (admirative first-person present singular)
kapke (admirative present second-person singular)
kapka (admirative present singular third-person)
kapkemi (admirative first-person plural present)
kapkeni (admirative plural present second-person)
kapkan (admirative plural present third-person)
kapkësha (admirative first-person imperfect singular)
kapkëshe (admirative imperfect second-person singular)
kapkësh (admirative imperfect singular third-person)
kapkëshim (admirative first-person imperfect plural)
kapkëshit (admirative imperfect plural second-person)
kapkëshin (admirative imperfect plural third-person)
paskam kapur (admirative first-person perfect singular)
paske kapur (admirative perfect second-person singular)
paska kapur (admirative perfect singular third-person)
paskemi kapur (admirative first-person perfect plural)
paskeni kapur (admirative perfect plural second-person)
paskan kapur (admirative perfect plural third-person)
paskësha kapur (admirative first-person past perfect singular)
paskëshe kapur (admirative past perfect second-person singular)
paskësh kapur (admirative past perfect singular third-person)
paskëshim kapur (admirative first-person past perfect plural)
paskëshit kapur (admirative past perfect plural second-person)
paskëshin kapur (admirative past perfect plural third-person)
kap (imperative present second-person singular)
kapni (imperative plural present second-person)

From Proto-Albanian *kapa, from Proto-Indo-European *kap-. Cognate to (Baltic) Latvian kàmpju, kàmpt; Proto-Celtic *kawnos (Old Irish cúan, Irish cuan, Scottish Gaelic cuan); Proto-Germanic *habnō, Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to have, lift”); Proto-Hellenic *kapťō (Ancient Greek κάπτω (káptō)), Proto-Hellenic *kṓpā (Ancient Greek κώπη (kṓpē)); Proto-Italic *kapiō (Latin capiō) and (perhaps) also Old Armenian խափ (xapʻ), Old Armenian խափանեմ (xapʻanem) (perhaps) and Latin capsa.

cog

(active) kap (aorist kapa, participle kapur)

(passive) kápem (aorist u kapa, participle kapur)

Kape për flokësh!

(intransitive) to grab, grip (someone or something)

(2nd person) (you) catch (an object or feelings)

to seize, keep, hold (something, someone); to take or occupy (land, position)

to find, surprise (a person in a situation, act)

(figurative, third person) to possess, overwhelm, scare (by a feeling, illness, demon)

to understand, see, hear immediately (a problem, issue, mission, task)

to reach (to); meet (someone or something that walks in front)

(intransitive, figurative) to start, begin (work, job, path)

(Gheg examples)
E ka kap dielli.
The sun had captured her/him.

E rreh dielli ujët.

The sun warms up (beats up) the water(s).

(third person) to tan, warm up (by the sun); to capture (by wind; military service)

(third person) to determine, constitute; to reach, cost (a high sum)

(figurative) to snatch, pull off (hat, wig)


kul

head

kul (aorist (për)kula, participle (për)kulur)

(për)kula (aorist)
(për)kulur (participle)

From Proto-Albanian * ̊kull-, from Proto-Indo-European *kwel- (“to revolve, twist”). Occurs almost exclusively in prefixed form with për-. Probably related to ul.


peng

sq-noun

peng m (plural pengje, definite pengu, definite plural pengjet)

pengje (plural)
pengu (definite)
pengjet (definite plural)

feeling of regret, unfulfilled desire, wishful thinking


kar

kar m (plural kar, definite kari, definite plural karet)

kar (plural)
kari (definite)
karet (definite plural)
kar (indefinite nominative singular)
kari (definite nominative singular)
kare (indefinite nominative plural)
karet (definite nominative plural)
kar (accusative indefinite singular)
karin (accusative definite singular)
kare (accusative indefinite plural)
karet (accusative definite plural)
kari (dative indefinite singular)
karit (dative definite singular)
kareve (dative indefinite plural)
kareve (dative definite plural)
kari (ablative indefinite singular)
karit (ablative definite singular)
karesh (ablative indefinite plural)
kareve (ablative definite plural)

From Romani kar, from Sanskrit *काट (kāṭa).


armen

Armenian (of, from, or pertaining to Armenia, Armenians, the language or alphabet)


Shqipëri

Shqipëria (definite)
Shqipëri (indefinite nominative singular)
Shqipëria (definite nominative singular)
Shqipëri (accusative indefinite singular)
Shqipërinë (accusative definite singular)
Shqipërie (indefinite singular)
Shqipërisë (definite singular)

/ʃc͡ɕipəˈɾi/

From shqip + -ëri.
historically, from shkyp + -ëni, old pronunciation of shqipoj, from Latin excipiere. still called Shkypënia by conservative dialects in the north. changed to dialectal Shqipëri in the 19th century to associate it with the word for eagle shqipe, which derived from Proto-Celtic *sklubos (“eagle”). compare Welsh ysglyf (“bird of prey”)
Petar Skok suggested that this word is originated from Scupi (Shkupi), the capital of the Roman province of Dardania (today's Skopje). According to Petar Skok, the Albanian demonym Shkuptar (as in inhabitant of Skopje) changed to Shkiptar, which is still used among Arvanite Albanians in Greece, and later to Shqiptar.

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

(Tosk, Standard Albanian) Albania (a country in Southeast Europe)


vaj

vaj m (plural vajra, definite vaji, definite plural vajrat)

vajra (plural)
vaji (definite)
vajrat (definite plural)

* Uncertain. Perhaps from the alternative, the interjection meaning 'woe', connecting the tears with oil. Another theory suggests the term vaj might have evolved from Old Albanian *vaīlë (compare the dialectal forms) and earlier *ewaila, becoming cognate with Ancient Greek *ἐλαίϝα (*elaíwa) and Old Armenian եւղ (ewł, “oil”) both, in turn, deriving from a Mediterranean substrate language.
* From Proto-Albanian *u̯ɔλa, from Vulgar Latin *oli̯u, from Latin oleum, from Ancient Greek ἔλαιον (élaion).


vaj

Possibly from Proto-Albanian *uai, from Proto-Indo-European *wáy, *uai (“woe!, alas!”); similar words are found in several European languages. Cognate to Ancient Greek ὀά (oá, “woe!, alas!”) and Old Armenian վայ (vay, “cry of pain”), Latin vae, Icelandic vei, Dutch wee, English woe. Compare also Romanian vai,
Serbo-Croatian авај (avaj), Italian guai. In view of a widespread secondary meaning 'to cry', one may also consider Proto-Albanian *vabja, connected with Old Church Slavonic вабимо (vabimo, “being lured”), Gothic 𐍅𐍉𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wōpjan, “call out”), Old English wēpan (“weep, cry”).


fal

Uncertain. Proposals include:
# Inherited from Proto-Indo-European, akin to Ancient Greek σφάλλω (sphállō, “to overthrow”).
# Borrowed from South Slavic, from Proto-Slavic *xvaliti (“to praise”), compare Macedonian фали (fali), Serbo-Croatian hváliti／хва́лити.

hváliti//хва́лити

to forgive, pardon
to remit, grant amnesty

to forgive, pardon
to relieve (from a debt)

më falni

Madhi Zot! tý t' kjofsha falë, / Se shum shkjau na paska dalë

Flora, Koleci (2022) “Tradurre il testo e … tradire il contesto”, in Lingue e linguaggi, volume 48, →DOI, page 165

Great God! May I be bestowed to you, how many Slavs come to us!

fal bajramin

to worship (a god); to celebrate (a ceremony, festivity, etc.)

fal dritën


kur

From Proto-Albanian *kur, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷur; cognate to Lithuanian kur̃ (“where”), Old Armenian ուր (ur, “id”), etc. See also Albanian ku (“where”).
Less likely from Latin quā hōrā.


hak

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish حق (hak, “the right, justice; a right; due, share; remuneration”), from Arabic حَقّ (ḥaqq, “truth”).


hata

sq-noun

hata f (plural hatá, definite hatája, definite plural hatátë)

hatá (plural)
hatája (definite)
hatátë (definite plural)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish خطا (hata), from Arabic خَطَأ (ḵaṭaʔ).


arg

Arbëreshë; from Proto-Albanian *arga, from Proto-Indo-European *Horgʰi (compare Armenian ոջիլ (oǰil)).


fis

sq-noun

fis m (plural fise, definite fisi, definite plural fiset)

fise (plural)
fisi (definite)
fiset (definite plural)
fis (indefinite nominative singular)
fisi (definite nominative singular)
fise (indefinite nominative plural)
fiset (definite nominative plural)
fis (accusative indefinite singular)
fisin (accusative definite singular)
fise (accusative indefinite plural)
fiset (accusative definite plural)
fisi (dative indefinite singular)
fisit (dative definite singular)
fiseve (dative indefinite plural)
fiseve (dative definite plural)
fisi (ablative indefinite singular)
fisit (ablative definite singular)
fisesh (ablative indefinite plural)
fiseve (ablative definite plural)

Possibly from
Ancient Greek φύσις (phúsis, “origin”) , although the auslaut doesn't follow the phonetic rules of loanwords into Albanian. Alternatively from Ancient Greek φῡλή (phūlḗ, “a union of individuals into a community”).


turi

Uncertain. Possibilities include:
# Borrowed from Vulgar Latin *utrīnum, a derivation from uter (“leathern bottle”).
# A metathesised derivation from South Slavic, ultimately from Proto-Slavic *rъtъ (“beak; mouth”), whence also Romanian rât (“snout”).
# A derivation from Proto-Indo-European *ter- (“tender, young”), hence akin to tru (“brain”).


pak

Variant of mpak (“to paralyze, to be shocked”) (m + pak).
Connected to pikë (“drop”). Which is used in metaphorical curses (directed at enemies or people that speak out what should've stay unspoken); cf. "të rëntë pika" (optative: 'may the sun spot fall upon to you') - wishing a person paralysis or even worse, immediate death caused by cerebral hemorrhage. Similar to English "drop dead".

to paralyze, pass out, appall, mortify (not being able to see, speak or move)

E pakën vuajtjet.

to be shocked (because of bad, devastating news; tragic cases like death of a family member or friend)


pak

Borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin paucus (“few, little”).


pak

Kuptoj pak shqip.


harc

sq-noun

harc m (plural harca, definite harci, definite plural harcat)

harca (plural)
harci (definite)
harcat (definite plural)


faj

faje (plural)
faj (indefinite nominative singular)
faji (definite nominative singular)
faje (indefinite nominative plural)
fajet (definite nominative plural)
faj (accusative indefinite singular)
fajin (accusative definite singular)
faje (accusative indefinite plural)
fajet (accusative definite plural)
faji (dative indefinite singular)
fajit (dative definite singular)
fajeve (dative indefinite plural)
fajeve (dative definite plural)
faji (ablative indefinite singular)
fajit (ablative definite singular)
fajesh (ablative indefinite plural)
fajeve (ablative definite plural)

From a Vulgar Latin deverbal of Latin fallere, compare French faille (“fault”), Occitan falha (“fault, sin”), Aromanian fai f (“fault, sin”). Less likely from Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌽 (faian, “to blame”).

për fajin e tij

because of him (literally, “by his fault”)


faj

fana (aorist)
fanë (participle)
farë (participle)
duke farë (gerund)
për të farë (infinitive)
faj (first-person indicative present singular)
fan (indicative present second-person singular)
fan (indicative present singular third-person)
fajmë (first-person indicative plural present)
fani (indicative plural present second-person)
fajnë (indicative plural present third-person)
faja (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
faje (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
fante (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
fanim (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
fanit (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
fanin (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
fava (aorist first-person indicative singular)
fave (aorist indicative second-person singular)
fau (aorist indicative singular third-person)
famë (aorist first-person indicative plural)
fatë (aorist indicative plural second-person)
fanë (aorist indicative plural third-person)
kam farë (first-person indicative perfect singular)
ke farë (indicative perfect second-person singular)
ka farë (indicative perfect singular third-person)
kemi farë (first-person indicative perfect plural)
keni farë (indicative perfect plural second-person)
kanë farë (indicative perfect plural third-person)
kisha farë (first-person indicative past perfect singular)
kishe farë (indicative past perfect second-person singular)
kishte farë (indicative past perfect singular third-person)
kishim farë (first-person indicative past perfect plural)
kishit farë (indicative past perfect plural second-person)
kishin farë (indicative past perfect plural third-person)
pata farë (first-person indicative singular)
pate farë (indicative second-person singular)
pati farë (indicative singular third-person)
patëm farë (first-person indicative plural)
patët farë (indicative plural second-person)
patën farë (indicative plural third-person)
do të faj (first-person future indicative singular)
do të fash (future indicative second-person singular)
do të fajë (future indicative singular third-person)
do të fajmë (first-person future indicative plural)
do të fani (future indicative plural second-person)
do të fajnë (future indicative plural third-person)
do të kem farë (first-person future indicative perfect singular)
do të kesh farë (future indicative perfect second-person singular)
do të ketë farë (future indicative perfect singular third-person)
do të kemi farë (first-person future indicative perfect plural)
do të keni farë (future indicative perfect plural second-person)
do të kenë farë (future indicative perfect plural third-person)
të faj (first-person present singular subjunctive)
të fash (present second-person singular subjunctive)
të fajë (present singular subjunctive third-person)
të fajmë (first-person plural present subjunctive)
të fani (plural present second-person subjunctive)
të fajnë (plural present subjunctive third-person)
të faja (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
të faje (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të fante (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të fanim (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
të fanit (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të fanin (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
të kem farë (first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
të kesh farë (perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të ketë farë (perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të kemi farë (first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
të keni farë (perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të kenë farë (perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
të kisha farë (first-person past perfect singular subjunctive)
të kishe farë (past perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të kishte farë (past perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të kishim farë (first-person past perfect plural subjunctive)
të kishit farë (past perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të kishin farë (past perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
do të faja (conditional first-person imperfect singular)
do të faje (conditional imperfect second-person singular)
do të fante (conditional imperfect singular third-person)
do të fanim (conditional first-person imperfect plural)
do të fanit (conditional imperfect plural second-person)
do të fanin (conditional imperfect plural third-person)
do të kisha farë (conditional first-person past perfect singular)
do të kishe farë (conditional past perfect second-person singular)
do të kishte farë (conditional past perfect singular third-person)
do të kishim farë (conditional first-person past perfect plural)
do të kishit farë (conditional past perfect plural second-person)
do të kishin farë (conditional past perfect plural third-person)
fafsha (first-person optative present singular)
fafsh (optative present second-person singular)
faftë (optative present singular third-person)
fafshim (first-person optative plural present)
fafshit (optative plural present second-person)
fafshin (optative plural present third-person)
paça farë (first-person optative perfect singular)
paç farë (optative perfect second-person singular)
pastë farë (optative perfect singular third-person)
paçim farë (first-person optative perfect plural)
paçit farë (optative perfect plural second-person)
paçin farë (optative perfect plural third-person)
fakam (admirative first-person present singular)
fake (admirative present second-person singular)
faka (admirative present singular third-person)
fakemi (admirative first-person plural present)
fakeni (admirative plural present second-person)
fakan (admirative plural present third-person)
fakësha (admirative first-person imperfect singular)
fakëshe (admirative imperfect second-person singular)
fakësh (admirative imperfect singular third-person)
fakëshim (admirative first-person imperfect plural)
fakëshit (admirative imperfect plural second-person)
fakëshin (admirative imperfect plural third-person)
paskam farë (admirative first-person perfect singular)
paske farë (admirative perfect second-person singular)
paska farë (admirative perfect singular third-person)
paskemi farë (admirative first-person perfect plural)
paskeni farë (admirative perfect plural second-person)
paskan farë (admirative perfect plural third-person)
paskësha farë (admirative first-person past perfect singular)
paskëshe farë (admirative past perfect second-person singular)
paskësh farë (admirative past perfect singular third-person)
paskëshim farë (admirative first-person past perfect plural)
paskëshit farë (admirative past perfect plural second-person)
paskëshin farë (admirative past perfect plural third-person)
faj (imperative present second-person singular)
fani (imperative plural present second-person)

From Proto-Albanian *spanja, related to Proto-Germanic *spannjan (“to tighten”), with a secondary expressive gemination, to be compared with Old Norse spenna (“to tighten”).


bej

bejlerë (plural)
beu (definite)
bej (indefinite nominative singular)
beu (definite nominative singular)
bejlerë (indefinite nominative plural)
bejlerët (definite nominative plural)
bej (accusative indefinite singular)
beun (accusative definite singular)
bejlerë (accusative indefinite plural)
bejlerët (accusative definite plural)
beu (dative indefinite singular)
beut (dative definite singular)
bejlerëve (dative indefinite plural)
bejlerëve (dative definite plural)
beu (ablative indefinite singular)
beut (ablative definite singular)
bejlerësh (ablative indefinite plural)
bejlerëve (ablative definite plural)

(now historical)
bey, ruler of a province

(now historical)
A title of nobility. bey

(archaic) Respectful title of address. sir, mister


grua

grúa f (plural grá, definite grúaja, definite plural grátë)

grúa (canonical feminine)
grá (plural)
grúaja (definite)
grátë (definite plural)
grua (indefinite nominative singular)
gruaja (definite nominative singular)
gra (indefinite nominative plural)
gratë (definite nominative plural)
grua (accusative indefinite singular)
gruan (accusative definite singular)
gra (accusative indefinite plural)
gratë (accusative definite plural)
gruajeje (dative indefinite singular)
gruas (dative definite singular)
grave (dative indefinite plural)
grave (dative definite plural)
gruajeje (ablative indefinite singular)
gruas (ablative definite singular)
grash (ablative indefinite plural)
grave (ablative definite plural)

From Proto-Albanian *grāwā, from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵerh₂- (“old”). Compare Ancient Greek γραῦς (graûs, “old woman”).

cog

grua e ve


ugar

sq-noun

ugar m (plural ugarë, definite ugari, definite plural ugarët)

ugarë (plural)
ugari (definite)
ugarët (definite plural)

Borrowed from a South Slavic language, compare Serbo-Croatian ugar (“fallow land”) and Macedonian угар (ugar, “fallow land”). Ultimately from Proto-Slavic *ugorъ (“fallow ground”).


hava

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish هوا (hava), from Arabic هَوَاء (hawāʔ).


sipas

sipas profecisë


rij

From Proto-Albanian *rinja, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rinéHti (“move”), present of *h₃er- (“to move, stir, rise, spring”). Related to re (“cloud(s)”), Proto-Slavic *rinǫti (“push, shove”), Aeolic Greek ὀρῑ́νω (orī́nō, “to move”).


boj

bova (aorist)
buar (participle)
buar (participle)
duke buar (gerund)
për të buar (infinitive)
boj (first-person indicative present singular)
bon (indicative present second-person singular)
bon (indicative present singular third-person)
bojmë (first-person indicative plural present)
boni (indicative plural present second-person)
bojnë (indicative plural present third-person)
boja (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
boje (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
bonte (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
bonim (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
bonit (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
bonin (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
bova (aorist first-person indicative singular)
bove (aorist indicative second-person singular)
boi (aorist indicative singular third-person)
buam (aorist first-person indicative plural)
buat (aorist indicative plural second-person)
buan (aorist indicative plural third-person)
kam buar (first-person indicative perfect singular)
ke buar (indicative perfect second-person singular)
ka buar (indicative perfect singular third-person)
kemi buar (first-person indicative perfect plural)
keni buar (indicative perfect plural second-person)
kanë buar (indicative perfect plural third-person)
kisha buar (first-person indicative past perfect singular)
kishe buar (indicative past perfect second-person singular)
kishte buar (indicative past perfect singular third-person)
kishim buar (first-person indicative past perfect plural)
kishit buar (indicative past perfect plural second-person)
kishin buar (indicative past perfect plural third-person)
pata buar (first-person indicative singular)
pate buar (indicative second-person singular)
pati buar (indicative singular third-person)
patëm buar (first-person indicative plural)
patët buar (indicative plural second-person)
patën buar (indicative plural third-person)
do të boj (first-person future indicative singular)
do të bosh (future indicative second-person singular)
do të bojë (future indicative singular third-person)
do të bojmë (first-person future indicative plural)
do të boni (future indicative plural second-person)
do të bojnë (future indicative plural third-person)
do të kem buar (first-person future indicative perfect singular)
do të kesh buar (future indicative perfect second-person singular)
do të ketë buar (future indicative perfect singular third-person)
do të kemi buar (first-person future indicative perfect plural)
do të keni buar (future indicative perfect plural second-person)
do të kenë buar (future indicative perfect plural third-person)
të boj (first-person present singular subjunctive)
të bosh (present second-person singular subjunctive)
të bojë (present singular subjunctive third-person)
të bojmë (first-person plural present subjunctive)
të boni (plural present second-person subjunctive)
të bojnë (plural present subjunctive third-person)
të boja (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
të boje (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të bonte (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të bonim (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
të bonit (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të bonin (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
të kem buar (first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
të kesh buar (perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të ketë buar (perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të kemi buar (first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
të keni buar (perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të kenë buar (perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
të kisha buar (first-person past perfect singular subjunctive)
të kishe buar (past perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të kishte buar (past perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të kishim buar (first-person past perfect plural subjunctive)
të kishit buar (past perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të kishin buar (past perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
do të boja (conditional first-person imperfect singular)
do të boje (conditional imperfect second-person singular)
do të bonte (conditional imperfect singular third-person)
do të bonim (conditional first-person imperfect plural)
do të bonit (conditional imperfect plural second-person)
do të bonin (conditional imperfect plural third-person)
do të kisha buar (conditional first-person past perfect singular)
do të kishe buar (conditional past perfect second-person singular)
do të kishte buar (conditional past perfect singular third-person)
do të kishim buar (conditional first-person past perfect plural)
do të kishit buar (conditional past perfect plural second-person)
do të kishin buar (conditional past perfect plural third-person)
bofsha (first-person optative present singular)
bofsh (optative present second-person singular)
boftë (optative present singular third-person)
bofshim (first-person optative plural present)
bofshit (optative plural present second-person)
bofshin (optative plural present third-person)
paça buar (first-person optative perfect singular)
paç buar (optative perfect second-person singular)
pastë buar (optative perfect singular third-person)
paçim buar (first-person optative perfect plural)
paçit buar (optative perfect plural second-person)
paçin buar (optative perfect plural third-person)
buakam (admirative first-person present singular)
buake (admirative present second-person singular)
buaka (admirative present singular third-person)
buakemi (admirative first-person plural present)
buakeni (admirative plural present second-person)
buakan (admirative plural present third-person)
buakësha (admirative first-person imperfect singular)
buakëshe (admirative imperfect second-person singular)
buakësh (admirative imperfect singular third-person)
buakëshim (admirative first-person imperfect plural)
buakëshit (admirative imperfect plural second-person)
buakëshin (admirative imperfect plural third-person)
paskam buar (admirative first-person perfect singular)
paske buar (admirative perfect second-person singular)
paska buar (admirative perfect singular third-person)
paskemi buar (admirative first-person perfect plural)
paskeni buar (admirative perfect plural second-person)
paskan buar (admirative perfect plural third-person)
paskësha buar (admirative first-person past perfect singular)
paskëshe buar (admirative past perfect second-person singular)
paskësh buar (admirative past perfect singular third-person)
paskëshim buar (admirative first-person past perfect plural)
paskëshit buar (admirative past perfect plural second-person)
paskëshin buar (admirative past perfect plural third-person)
bo (imperative present second-person singular)
boni (imperative plural present second-person)

Metaphoric use of boj (“to drive”) (see dëboj), from Proto-Albanian *bāgnja, related to Lithuanian běgti (“to run”), Latvian bêgt (“id.”), Old Prussian begeyte (“id.”) and Greek φέβομαι (févomai, “to be put to flight, flee”). Usually attested in the passive form bohet.


mez

sq-noun

mez m (plural meze, definite mezi, definite plural mezet)

meze (plural)
mezi (definite)
mezet (definite plural)
mez (indefinite nominative singular)
mezi (definite nominative singular)
meze (indefinite nominative plural)
mezet (definite nominative plural)
mez (accusative indefinite singular)
mezin (accusative definite singular)
meze (accusative indefinite plural)
mezet (accusative definite plural)
mezi (dative indefinite singular)
mezit (dative definite singular)
mezeve (dative indefinite plural)
mezeve (dative definite plural)
mezi (ablative indefinite singular)
mezit (ablative definite singular)
mezesh (ablative indefinite plural)
mezeve (ablative definite plural)


çelik

çelik m (plural çeliqe, definite çeliku, definite plural çeliqet)

çeliqe (plural)
çeliku (definite)
çeliqet (definite plural)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish چلیك (çelik).


trup

trup m (plural trupa, definite trupi, definite plural trupat)

trupa (plural)
trupi (definite)
trupat (definite plural)

Borrowed from a South Slavic language, compare Serbo-Croatian trup, Bulgarian труп (trup). Ultimately from Proto-Slavic *trupъ.


lej

leva (aorist)
lerë (participle)
lyer (participle)
duke lyer (gerund)
për të lyer (infinitive)
lej (first-person indicative present singular)
len (indicative present second-person singular)
len (indicative present singular third-person)
lejmë (first-person indicative plural present)
leni (indicative plural present second-person)
lejnë (indicative plural present third-person)
leja (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
leje (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
lente (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
lenim (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
lenit (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
lenin (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
leva (aorist first-person indicative singular)
leve (aorist indicative second-person singular)
leu (aorist indicative singular third-person)
lyem (aorist first-person indicative plural)
lyet (aorist indicative plural second-person)
lyen (aorist indicative plural third-person)
kam lyer (first-person indicative perfect singular)
ke lyer (indicative perfect second-person singular)
ka lyer (indicative perfect singular third-person)
kemi lyer (first-person indicative perfect plural)
keni lyer (indicative perfect plural second-person)
kanë lyer (indicative perfect plural third-person)
kisha lyer (first-person indicative past perfect singular)
kishe lyer (indicative past perfect second-person singular)
kishte lyer (indicative past perfect singular third-person)
kishim lyer (first-person indicative past perfect plural)
kishit lyer (indicative past perfect plural second-person)
kishin lyer (indicative past perfect plural third-person)
pata lyer (first-person indicative singular)
pate lyer (indicative second-person singular)
pati lyer (indicative singular third-person)
patëm lyer (first-person indicative plural)
patët lyer (indicative plural second-person)
patën lyer (indicative plural third-person)
do të lej (first-person future indicative singular)
do të lesh (future indicative second-person singular)
do të lejë (future indicative singular third-person)
do të lejmë (first-person future indicative plural)
do të leni (future indicative plural second-person)
do të lejnë (future indicative plural third-person)
do të kem lyer (first-person future indicative perfect singular)
do të kesh lyer (future indicative perfect second-person singular)
do të ketë lyer (future indicative perfect singular third-person)
do të kemi lyer (first-person future indicative perfect plural)
do të keni lyer (future indicative perfect plural second-person)
do të kenë lyer (future indicative perfect plural third-person)
të lej (first-person present singular subjunctive)
të lesh (present second-person singular subjunctive)
të lejë (present singular subjunctive third-person)
të lejmë (first-person plural present subjunctive)
të leni (plural present second-person subjunctive)
të lejnë (plural present subjunctive third-person)
të leja (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
të leje (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të lente (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të lenim (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
të lenit (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të lenin (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
të kem lyer (first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
të kesh lyer (perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të ketë lyer (perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të kemi lyer (first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
të keni lyer (perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të kenë lyer (perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
të kisha lyer (first-person past perfect singular subjunctive)
të kishe lyer (past perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të kishte lyer (past perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të kishim lyer (first-person past perfect plural subjunctive)
të kishit lyer (past perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të kishin lyer (past perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
do të leja (conditional first-person imperfect singular)
do të leje (conditional imperfect second-person singular)
do të lente (conditional imperfect singular third-person)
do të lenim (conditional first-person imperfect plural)
do të lenit (conditional imperfect plural second-person)
do të lenin (conditional imperfect plural third-person)
do të kisha lyer (conditional first-person past perfect singular)
do të kishe lyer (conditional past perfect second-person singular)
do të kishte lyer (conditional past perfect singular third-person)
do të kishim lyer (conditional first-person past perfect plural)
do të kishit lyer (conditional past perfect plural second-person)
do të kishin lyer (conditional past perfect plural third-person)
lefsha (first-person optative present singular)
lefsh (optative present second-person singular)
leftë (optative present singular third-person)
lefshim (first-person optative plural present)
lefshit (optative plural present second-person)
lefshin (optative plural present third-person)
paça lyer (first-person optative perfect singular)
paç lyer (optative perfect second-person singular)
pastë lyer (optative perfect singular third-person)
paçim lyer (first-person optative perfect plural)
paçit lyer (optative perfect plural second-person)
paçin lyer (optative perfect plural third-person)
lyekam (admirative first-person present singular)
lyeke (admirative present second-person singular)
lyeka (admirative present singular third-person)
lyekemi (admirative first-person plural present)
lyekeni (admirative plural present second-person)
lyekan (admirative plural present third-person)
lyekësha (admirative first-person imperfect singular)
lyekëshe (admirative imperfect second-person singular)
lyekësh (admirative imperfect singular third-person)
lyekëshim (admirative first-person imperfect plural)
lyekëshit (admirative imperfect plural second-person)
lyekëshin (admirative imperfect plural third-person)
paskam lyer (admirative first-person perfect singular)
paske lyer (admirative perfect second-person singular)
paska lyer (admirative perfect singular third-person)
paskemi lyer (admirative first-person perfect plural)
paskeni lyer (admirative perfect plural second-person)
paskan lyer (admirative perfect plural third-person)
paskësha lyer (admirative first-person past perfect singular)
paskëshe lyer (admirative past perfect second-person singular)
paskësh lyer (admirative past perfect singular third-person)
paskëshim lyer (admirative first-person past perfect plural)
paskëshit lyer (admirative past perfect plural second-person)
paskëshin lyer (admirative past perfect plural third-person)
le (imperative present second-person singular)
leni (imperative plural present second-person)

Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben
Vladimir Orel

From Proto-Albanian *laidnja, from an Proto-Indo-European o-grade verb from the root *leyd- (“to release”). Alternatively from an *éy-present from the root *h₂el- (“to grow, nourish”).

leu dielli


ul

ula (aorist)
ulur (participle)
ulur (participle)
duke ulur (gerund)
për të ulur (infinitive)
ul (first-person indicative present singular)
ul (indicative present second-person singular)
ul (indicative present singular third-person)
ulim (first-person indicative plural present)
ulni (indicative plural present second-person)
ulin (indicative plural present third-person)
ulja (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
ulje (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
ulte (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
ulnim (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
ulnit (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
ulnin (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
ula (aorist first-person indicative singular)
ule (aorist indicative second-person singular)
uli (aorist indicative singular third-person)
ulëm (aorist first-person indicative plural)
ulët (aorist indicative plural second-person)
ulën (aorist indicative plural third-person)
kam ulur (first-person indicative perfect singular)
ke ulur (indicative perfect second-person singular)
ka ulur (indicative perfect singular third-person)
kemi ulur (first-person indicative perfect plural)
keni ulur (indicative perfect plural second-person)
kanë ulur (indicative perfect plural third-person)
kisha ulur (first-person indicative past perfect singular)
kishe ulur (indicative past perfect second-person singular)
kishte ulur (indicative past perfect singular third-person)
kishim ulur (first-person indicative past perfect plural)
kishit ulur (indicative past perfect plural second-person)
kishin ulur (indicative past perfect plural third-person)
pata ulur (first-person indicative singular)
pate ulur (indicative second-person singular)
pati ulur (indicative singular third-person)
patëm ulur (first-person indicative plural)
patët ulur (indicative plural second-person)
patën ulur (indicative plural third-person)
do të ul (first-person future indicative singular)
do të ulësh (future indicative second-person singular)
do të ulë (future indicative singular third-person)
do të ulim (first-person future indicative plural)
do të ulni (future indicative plural second-person)
do të ulin (future indicative plural third-person)
do të kem ulur (first-person future indicative perfect singular)
do të kesh ulur (future indicative perfect second-person singular)
do të ketë ulur (future indicative perfect singular third-person)
do të kemi ulur (first-person future indicative perfect plural)
do të keni ulur (future indicative perfect plural second-person)
do të kenë ulur (future indicative perfect plural third-person)
të ul (first-person present singular subjunctive)
të ulësh (present second-person singular subjunctive)
të ulë (present singular subjunctive third-person)
të ulim (first-person plural present subjunctive)
të ulni (plural present second-person subjunctive)
të ulin (plural present subjunctive third-person)
të ulja (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
të ulje (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të ulte (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të ulnim (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
të ulnit (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të ulnin (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
të kem ulur (first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
të kesh ulur (perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të ketë ulur (perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të kemi ulur (first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
të keni ulur (perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të kenë ulur (perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
të kisha ulur (first-person past perfect singular subjunctive)
të kishe ulur (past perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të kishte ulur (past perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të kishim ulur (first-person past perfect plural subjunctive)
të kishit ulur (past perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të kishin ulur (past perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
do të ulja (conditional first-person imperfect singular)
do të ulje (conditional imperfect second-person singular)
do të ulte (conditional imperfect singular third-person)
do të ulnim (conditional first-person imperfect plural)
do të ulnit (conditional imperfect plural second-person)
do të ulnin (conditional imperfect plural third-person)
do të kisha ulur (conditional first-person past perfect singular)
do të kishe ulur (conditional past perfect second-person singular)
do të kishte ulur (conditional past perfect singular third-person)
do të kishim ulur (conditional first-person past perfect plural)
do të kishit ulur (conditional past perfect plural second-person)
do të kishin ulur (conditional past perfect plural third-person)
ulsha (first-person optative present singular)
ulsh (optative present second-person singular)
ultë (optative present singular third-person)
ulshim (first-person optative plural present)
ulshit (optative plural present second-person)
ulshin (optative plural present third-person)
paça ulur (first-person optative perfect singular)
paç ulur (optative perfect second-person singular)
pastë ulur (optative perfect singular third-person)
paçim ulur (first-person optative perfect plural)
paçit ulur (optative perfect plural second-person)
paçin ulur (optative perfect plural third-person)
ulkam (admirative first-person present singular)
ulke (admirative present second-person singular)
ulka (admirative present singular third-person)
ulkemi (admirative first-person plural present)
ulkeni (admirative plural present second-person)
ulkan (admirative plural present third-person)
ulkësha (admirative first-person imperfect singular)
ulkëshe (admirative imperfect second-person singular)
ulkësh (admirative imperfect singular third-person)
ulkëshim (admirative first-person imperfect plural)
ulkëshit (admirative imperfect plural second-person)
ulkëshin (admirative imperfect plural third-person)
paskam ulur (admirative first-person perfect singular)
paske ulur (admirative perfect second-person singular)
paska ulur (admirative perfect singular third-person)
paskemi ulur (admirative first-person perfect plural)
paskeni ulur (admirative perfect plural second-person)
paskan ulur (admirative perfect plural third-person)
paskësha ulur (admirative first-person past perfect singular)
paskëshe ulur (admirative past perfect second-person singular)
paskësh ulur (admirative past perfect singular third-person)
paskëshim ulur (admirative first-person past perfect plural)
paskëshit ulur (admirative past perfect plural second-person)
paskëshin ulur (admirative past perfect plural third-person)
ul (imperative present second-person singular)
ulni (imperative plural present second-person)
ulur (participle)
duke u ulur (gerund)
për t'u ulur (infinitive)
ulem (first-person indicative present singular)
ulesh (indicative present second-person singular)
ulet (indicative present singular third-person)
ulemi (first-person indicative plural present)
uleni (indicative plural present second-person)
ulen (indicative plural present third-person)
ulesha (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
uleshe (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
ulesh (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
ulej (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
uleshim (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
uleshit (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
uleshin (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
u ula (aorist first-person indicative singular)
u ule (aorist indicative second-person singular)
u ul (aorist indicative singular third-person)
u ulëm (aorist first-person indicative plural)
u ulët (aorist indicative plural second-person)
u ulën (aorist indicative plural third-person)
jam ulur (first-person indicative perfect singular)
je ulur (indicative perfect second-person singular)
është ulur (indicative perfect singular third-person)
jemi ulur (first-person indicative perfect plural)
jeni ulur (indicative perfect plural second-person)
janë ulur (indicative perfect plural third-person)
isha ulur (first-person indicative past perfect singular)
ishe ulur (indicative past perfect second-person singular)
ishte ulur (indicative past perfect singular third-person)
ishim ulur (first-person indicative past perfect plural)
ishit ulur (indicative past perfect plural second-person)
ishin ulur (indicative past perfect plural third-person)
qeshë ulur (first-person indicative singular)
qe ulur (indicative second-person singular)
qe ulur (indicative singular third-person)
qemë ulur (first-person indicative plural)
qetë ulur (indicative plural second-person)
qenë ulur (indicative plural third-person)
do të ulem (first-person future indicative singular)
do të ulesh (future indicative second-person singular)
do të ulet (future indicative singular third-person)
do të ulemi (first-person future indicative plural)
do të uleni (future indicative plural second-person)
do të ulen (future indicative plural third-person)
do të jem ulur (first-person future indicative perfect singular)
do të jesh ulur (future indicative perfect second-person singular)
do të jetë ulur (future indicative perfect singular third-person)
do të jemi ulur (first-person future indicative perfect plural)
do të jeni ulur (future indicative perfect plural second-person)
do të jenë ulur (future indicative perfect plural third-person)
të ulem (first-person present singular subjunctive)
të ulesh (present second-person singular subjunctive)
të ulet (present singular subjunctive third-person)
të ulemi (first-person plural present subjunctive)
të uleni (plural present second-person subjunctive)
të ulen (plural present subjunctive third-person)
të ulesha (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
të uleshe (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të ulesh (ulej) (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të uleshim (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
të uleshit (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të uleshin (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
të jem ulur (first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
të jesh ulur (perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të jetë ulur (perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të jemi ulur (first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
të jeni ulur (perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të jenë ulur (perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
të isha ulur (first-person past perfect singular subjunctive)
të ishe ulur (past perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të ishte ulur (past perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të ishim ulur (first-person past perfect plural subjunctive)
të ishit ulur (past perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të ishin ulur (past perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
do të ulesha (conditional first-person imperfect singular)
do të uleshe (conditional imperfect second-person singular)
do të ulesh (ulej) (conditional imperfect singular third-person)
do të uleshim (conditional first-person imperfect plural)
do të uleshit (conditional imperfect plural second-person)
do të uleshin (conditional imperfect plural third-person)
do të isha ulur (conditional first-person past perfect singular)
do të ishe ulur (conditional past perfect second-person singular)
do të ishte ulur (conditional past perfect singular third-person)
do të ishim ulur (conditional first-person past perfect plural)
do të ishit ulur (conditional past perfect plural second-person)
do të ishin ulur (conditional past perfect plural third-person)
u ulsha (first-person optative present singular)
u ulsh (optative present second-person singular)
u ultë (optative present singular third-person)
u ulshim (first-person optative plural present)
u ulshi (optative plural present second-person)
u ulshin (optative plural present third-person)
qofsha ulur (first-person optative perfect singular)
qofsh ulur (optative perfect second-person singular)
qoftë ulur (optative perfect singular third-person)
qofshim ulur (first-person optative perfect plural)
qofshit ulur (optative perfect plural second-person)
qofshin ulur (optative perfect plural third-person)
u ulkam (admirative first-person present singular)
u ulke (admirative present second-person singular)
u ulka (admirative present singular third-person)
u ulkemi (admirative first-person plural present)
u ulkeni (admirative plural present second-person)
u ulkan (admirative plural present third-person)
u ulkësha (admirative first-person imperfect singular)
u ulkëshe (admirative imperfect second-person singular)
u ulkësh (ulkej) (admirative imperfect singular third-person)
u ulkëshim (admirative first-person imperfect plural)
u ulkëshit (admirative imperfect plural second-person)
u ulkëshin (admirative imperfect plural third-person)
qenkam ulur (admirative first-person perfect singular)
qenke ulur (admirative perfect second-person singular)
qenka ulur (admirative perfect singular third-person)
qenkemi ulur (admirative first-person perfect plural)
qenkeni ulur (admirative perfect plural second-person)
qenkan ulur (admirative perfect plural third-person)
qenkësha ulur (admirative first-person past perfect singular)
qenkëshe ulur (admirative past perfect second-person singular)
qenkësh ulur (admirative past perfect singular third-person)
qenkëshim ulur (admirative first-person past perfect plural)
qenkëshit ulur (admirative past perfect plural second-person)
qenkëshin ulur (admirative past perfect plural third-person)
ulu (imperative present second-person singular)
uluni (imperative plural present second-person)

From Proto-Albanian *wala, from *wol-o-, o-grade of Proto-Indo-European *wel- (“press together”) (compare Lithuanian valýti (“to clean”), Ancient Greek εἰλέω (eiléō, “press together”)). Variant unj is from *ulnj, from Proto-Albanian *walnja, a causative of the previous.

cog

Ulem.

I'm sitting down (I'm taking a seat). (mediopassive)

to sit down, put (someone/something) on a seat (or on the ground)

Ilir, uli krahët.

uli sytë

to pull down (a skirt or shirt, clothes in general)


kob

sq-noun

kob m (plural kobe, definite kobi, definite plural kobet)

kobe (plural)
kobi (definite)
kobet (definite plural)

Derived from Proto-Slavic *kobь through a South Slavic language, compare Serbo-Croatian kob (“fate, destiny, omen”) and Bulgarian коба (koba).


mek

From Proto-Albanian *mek-, from Proto-Indo-European *mek- (“to bleat”). Cognate to Lithuanian meknénti (“to bleat”). An onomatopoeic root.


mek

From Proto-Albanian *maka, related to makë.


kut

sq-noun

kut m (plural kute, definite kuti, definite plural kutet)

kute (plural)
kuti (definite)
kutet (definite plural)

From an earlier kūt, from Proto-Albanian *kuβət, borrowed via Vulgar Latin from Latin cubitum (“elbow, cubit”). Compare also Aromanian, Romanian cot.


nuk

From Proto-Albanian *ne uka (“not one”), from Proto-Indo-European *óynos (“one”). Cognates include Latin unicus, Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌷𐌰 (ainaha), Old High German einac, Old Church Slavonic инокъ (inokŭ, “alone, only, single, sole”). Alternatively, Orel proposes *nuka, composed of *nu (< Proto-Indo-European *ne, colored under the influence of the following labiovelar) and *ka (< Proto-Indo-European *kʷo- (*-kʷe), a pronomial stem); thus cognate to Latin neque (“and not”), Sanskrit नच (naca, “and not”), Gothic 𐌽𐌹𐌷 (nih, “and not”), Old Irish nach (“and not”).

cog

Ky film nuk është i mirë.

Ai nuk mban syze.

Negates the meaning of the modified verb: not, don't


duhan

sq-noun

duhan m (plural duhane, definite duhani)

duhane (plural)
duhani (definite)
duhan (indefinite nominative singular)
duhani (definite nominative singular)
duhane (indefinite nominative plural)
duhanet (definite nominative plural)
duhan (accusative indefinite singular)
duhanin (accusative definite singular)
duhane (accusative indefinite plural)
duhanet (accusative definite plural)
duhani (dative indefinite singular)
duhanit (dative definite singular)
duhaneve (dative indefinite plural)
duhaneve (dative definite plural)
duhani (ablative indefinite singular)
duhanit (ablative definite singular)
duhanesh (ablative indefinite plural)
duhaneve (ablative definite plural)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish دخان (duhan).

bor+

Nicotiana tabacum
Nicotiana tabacum#Translingual

tobacco (dried and finely chopped leaves of the plant)


barut

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish باروت (bârut), from Arabic بَارُود (bārūd)


uthull

sq-noun

uthull f (plural uthulla, definite uthulla, definite plural uthullat)

uthulla (plural)
uthulla (definite)
uthullat (definite plural)


arrë

arrë f (plural arra, definite arra, definite plural arrat)

arra (plural)
arra (definite)
arrat (definite plural)

From Proto-Albanian *aruā, from Proto-Indo-European *areyis-. Compare Ancient Greek ἄρυα (árua), Latvian riẽksts, Old Church Slavonic орѣхъ (orěxŭ).

Juglans regia
Juglans regia#Translingual

(botany) walnut (tree and fruit) (Juglans regia)


rast

rast m (plural raste, definite rasti, definite plural rastet)

raste (plural)
rasti (definite)
rastet (definite plural)
rast (indefinite nominative singular)
rasti (definite nominative singular)
raste (indefinite nominative plural)
rastet (definite nominative plural)
rast (accusative indefinite singular)
rastin (accusative definite singular)
raste (accusative indefinite plural)
rastet (accusative definite plural)
rasti (dative indefinite singular)
rastit (dative definite singular)
rasteve (dative indefinite plural)
rasteve (dative definite plural)
rasti (ablative indefinite singular)
rastit (ablative definite singular)
rastesh (ablative indefinite plural)
rasteve (ablative definite plural)


elb

From Proto-Albanian *albi-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élbʰit (compare Ancient Greek ἄλφι (álphi, “barley meal”), Pashto [script needed] (ōrbaše)).


dorë

sq-noun

dorë f (plural duar, definite dora, definite plural duart)

duar (plural)
dora (definite)
duart (definite plural)
dorë (indefinite nominative singular)
dora (definite nominative singular)
duar (indefinite nominative plural)
duart (definite nominative plural)
dorë (accusative indefinite singular)
dorën (accusative definite singular)
duar (accusative indefinite plural)
duart (accusative definite plural)
doreje (dative indefinite singular)
dorës (dative definite singular)
duarve (dative indefinite plural)
duarve (dative definite plural)
doreje (ablative indefinite singular)
dorës (ablative definite singular)
duarsh (ablative indefinite plural)
duarve (ablative definite plural)

From Proto-Albanian *dāsrā, from pre-Albanian *ǵʰēsreh₂, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰes- (compare Greek χέρι (chéri), Armenian ձեռք (jeṙkʻ), Tocharian A tsar), ultimately from *ǵʰes-.


diell

diell m (plural diej, definite dielli, definite plural diejt)

diej (plural)
dielli (definite)
diejt (definite plural)
diell (indefinite nominative singular)
dielli (definite nominative singular)
diej (indefinite nominative plural)
diejt (definite nominative plural)
diell (accusative indefinite singular)
diellin (accusative definite singular)
diej (accusative indefinite plural)
diejt (accusative definite plural)
dielli (dative indefinite singular)
diellit (dative definite singular)
diejve (dative indefinite plural)
diejve (dative definite plural)
dielli (ablative indefinite singular)
diellit (ablative definite singular)
diejsh (ablative indefinite plural)
diejve (ablative definite plural)

Disputed:
#From Proto-Albanian *delwa, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“gleam, yellow”), a tabooistic substitute of the original *sóh₂wl̥, based on a color objective. Cognate with Sanskrit हरि (hari), Latin helvus, Lithuanian žalias.
#From Proto-Indo-European *sh₂wélyos (“sun”), from the oblique stem of *sóh₂wl̥. For the development of the initial compare djersë (“sweat”) from *sweyd-, and dergjem (“lie ill”), from mediopassive Proto-Indo-European *sworgʰéyeti, from *swergʰ- (“watch over, worry”).


jep

jap


miell

sq-noun

miell m (plural miellra, definite mielli, definite plural miellrat)

miellra (plural)
mielli (definite)
miellrat (definite plural)
miell (indefinite nominative singular)
mielli (definite nominative singular)
miellra (indefinite nominative plural)
miellrat (definite nominative plural)
miell (accusative indefinite singular)
miellin (accusative definite singular)
miellra (accusative indefinite plural)
miellrat (accusative definite plural)
mielli (dative indefinite singular)
miellit (dative definite singular)
miellrave (dative indefinite plural)
miellrave (dative definite plural)
mielli (ablative indefinite singular)
miellit (ablative definite singular)
miellrash (ablative indefinite plural)
miellrave (ablative definite plural)

From Proto-Albanian *melwa, from Proto-Indo-European *melh₂-wo-m, from *melh₂- (“to grind up”), close to German Mehl (“id”), Greek μύλος (mýlos), Latin molere. Compare also Romanian mălai. Ultimately a doublet of mëllë.


akull

Uncertain. Possibly:
# A derivation from Proto-Indo-European *keHl- whence also Proto-Celtic *kaletos (“hard”), Proto-Slavic *kaliti (“to temper, harden”), Latin callum (“hardened skin”).
# Borrowed from Germanic, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *jekulaz (“icicle”).
# Akin Old Armenian ոյծ (oyc, “cold, frost”), suffixed with -ull, though the two terms are phonologically incompatible.


akull

Possibly akin to Italian aculeo (“thorn”).

s'e pyrχγaccu aculi

1873, Girolamo de Rada, Canti di Milosao, canto 1, page 14, line 9:


grumbull

sq-noun

grumbull m (plural grumbuj, definite grumbulli, definite plural grumbujt)

grumbuj (plural)
grumbulli (definite)
grumbujt (definite plural)
grumbull (indefinite nominative singular)
grumbulli (definite nominative singular)
grumbuj (indefinite nominative plural)
grumbujt (definite nominative plural)
grumbull (accusative indefinite singular)
grumbullin (accusative definite singular)
grumbuj (accusative indefinite plural)
grumbujt (accusative definite plural)
grumbulli (dative indefinite singular)
grumbullit (dative definite singular)
grumbujve (dative indefinite plural)
grumbujve (dative definite plural)
grumbulli (ablative indefinite singular)
grumbullit (ablative definite singular)
grumbujsh (ablative indefinite plural)
grumbujve (ablative definite plural)

A -ull lengthening of grumb, from Proto-Albanian *grumba, from Proto-Indo-European *gru(m)bʰ, derivative of Proto-Indo-European *grewb- (“to crumple, bend, crawl”). Identical with Latvian grumbulains (“uneven, rough”), and close to Old Church Slavonic grǫbь (grǫbĭ, “ignorant, uneducated”), Old Norse kryppa (“hump”).


hekur

sq-noun

hekur m (plural hekura, definite hekuri, definite plural hekurat)

hekura (plural)
hekuri (definite)
hekurat (definite plural)
hekur (indefinite nominative singular)
hekuri (definite nominative singular)
hekura (indefinite nominative plural)
hekurat (definite nominative plural)
hekur (accusative indefinite singular)
hekurin (accusative definite singular)
hekura (accusative indefinite plural)
hekurat (accusative definite plural)
hekuri (dative indefinite singular)
hekurit (dative definite singular)
hekurave (dative indefinite plural)
hekurave (dative definite plural)
hekuri (ablative indefinite singular)
hekurit (ablative definite singular)
hekurash (ablative indefinite plural)
hekurave (ablative definite plural)

Uncertain. There are various possibilities.
# a substrate pre-Indo-European word with no recorded or surviving cognates (words for technologies are retained, otherwise we would have expected Albanian to have borrowed the word for iron from one of the many neighbors, invaders or directly from PIE)
# a substrate word cognate to Old Armenian երկաթ (erkatʻ), via a proto-form with metathesis *herku
# related to hekë, from Proto-Indo-European *skek- (“to jump, be agile”), thus 'to tremble, shiver', literally 'that which trembles, jingles', with a semantic development similar to kërcej, meaning both 'to jump, dance' and 'to make a cracking sound'.
# an irregular cognate of Ancient Greek ἄγκυρα (ánkura, “anchor”).
# from *soikros (Gustav Meyer), akin to Sanskrit सिञ्चति (siñcáti, “to pour out, discharge, emit, shed”)


korb

sq-noun

korb m (plural korba, definite korbi, definite plural korbat)

korba (plural)
korbi (definite)
korbat (definite plural)
korb (indefinite nominative singular)
korbi (definite nominative singular)
korba (indefinite nominative plural)
korbat (definite nominative plural)
korb (accusative indefinite singular)
korbin (accusative definite singular)
korba (accusative indefinite plural)
korbat (accusative definite plural)
korbi (dative indefinite singular)
korbit (dative definite singular)
korbave (dative indefinite plural)
korbave (dative definite plural)
korbi (ablative indefinite singular)
korbit (ablative definite singular)
korbash (ablative indefinite plural)
korbave (ablative definite plural)

Borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin corvus Compare Romanian corb, Italian corvo.


qind

Possibly borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin centum.


dru

dru m (plural drurë, definite druri, definite plural drutë)

drurë (plural)
druri (definite)
drutë (definite plural)

From Proto-Albanian *druwa, from Proto-Indo-European *druh₂-ó-m, from *dóru. Compare Ancient Greek δρῦς (drûs) and others.


qelb

qelb m (plural qelbra, definite qelbi, definite plural qelbrat)

qelbra (plural)
qelbi (definite)
qelbrat (definite plural)

From Proto-Albanian *kalba, from Proto-Indo-European *gṷol-bh. Compare Armenian կեղ (keġ, “tumor”). Related to kalb.


llum

A formation of lym with expressive anlaut, which in its turn has caused the velarization of the following vowel.


tani

From Proto-Albanian *ta ̊, from Proto-Indo-European *to- (“it”). Cognate to Lithuanian tadà (“then, thereupon”) and Sanskrit तदा (ta-dā́, “then”). The second element is from Proto-Albanian *nu, from Proto-Indo-European *nu. Cognate to English now.


qiell

qiell m (plural qiej, definite qielli, definite plural qiejt)

qiej (plural)
qielli (definite)
qiejt (definite plural)
qiell (indefinite nominative singular)
qielli (definite nominative singular)
qiej (indefinite nominative plural)
qiejt (definite nominative plural)
qiell (accusative indefinite singular)
qiellin (accusative definite singular)
qiej (accusative indefinite plural)
qiejt (accusative definite plural)
qielli (dative indefinite singular)
qiellit (dative definite singular)
qiejve (dative indefinite plural)
qiejve (dative definite plural)
qielli (ablative indefinite singular)
qiellit (ablative definite singular)
qiejsh (ablative indefinite plural)
qiejve (ablative definite plural)

Borrowed from Vulgar Latin, from Latin caelum (“sky, heaven”), specifically from the nominative plural caelī. First attested as feminine qiell/qiellja (Buzuku). Compare Italian cielo, Romanian cer.


derr

From Proto-Albanian *darja (“pig”), from *ǵʰóryos (“pig”) (compare Greek χοίρος (choíros, “id”)), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰḗr (“hedgehog”), from *ǵʰer- (“to be excited, bristly”) (compare Latin horrere (“to bristle, tremble”)).
Perhaps the source of the name of the Illyrian tribe Deuri.


avull

avull m (plural avuj, definite avulli, definite plural avujt)

avuj (plural)
avulli (definite)
avujt (definite plural)
avull (indefinite nominative singular)
avulli (definite nominative singular)
avuj (indefinite nominative plural)
avujt (definite nominative plural)
avull (accusative indefinite singular)
avullin (accusative definite singular)
avuj (accusative indefinite plural)
avujt (accusative definite plural)
avulli (dative indefinite singular)
avullit (dative definite singular)
avujve (dative indefinite plural)
avujve (dative definite plural)
avulli (ablative indefinite singular)
avullit (ablative definite singular)
avujsh (ablative indefinite plural)
avujve (ablative definite plural)

Aromanian: abur

Romanian: abur

From Proto-Albanian *abula, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥bʰel-, from *nébʰos (“cloud”). Closely related to Messapic atabulus. Compare Latin nebula (“mist, cloud”), Old English nifol (“mist, darkness”), Ancient Greek νεφέλη (nephélē). Compare also Romanian abur.


yll

yll m (plural yje, definite ylli, definite plural yjet)

yje (plural)
ylli (definite)
yjet (definite plural)
yll (indefinite nominative singular)
ylli (definite nominative singular)
yje (indefinite nominative plural)
yjet (definite nominative plural)
yll (accusative indefinite singular)
yllin (accusative definite singular)
yje (accusative indefinite plural)
yjet (accusative definite plural)
ylli (dative indefinite singular)
yllit (dative definite singular)
yjeve (dative indefinite plural)
yjeve (dative definite plural)
ylli (ablative indefinite singular)
yllit (ablative definite singular)
yjesh (ablative indefinite plural)
yjeve (ablative definite plural)

Disputed. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₁us-los, whence Old English ysle, Old Norse usli (“embers”), from *h₁ews- (“to burn”). Alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *h₂us-los, compare Sanskrit उस्र (usrá, “reddish, ruddy; bright; matutinal”), from *h₂ews- (“to dawn”). Also in view of the alternative with h-, there have been posited connections with *sóh₂wl̥, *sh₂wén- (“sun”), whence Latin sōl, and with *(s)ḱeh₃ih₂ (“shadow”), whence Albanian hije.


pret

third-person singular of pres: he/she/it cuts


merr

Si? Ti merr drogë?

second-person singular active present indicative of marr ((you) take)

Merri!

Merre!

Merr!

second-person singular active present imperative of marr (Take!)

Ai merr, ajo merr ...

E merr Sandra.

third-person singular active present indicative of marr ((it) takes)


lym

sq-noun

lym m (plural lyma, definite lymi, definite plural lymat)

lyma (plural)
lymi (definite)
lymat (definite plural)

From Proto-Albanian *lū̆m-, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *lewH- (“to spoil”) + *-m-. Cognate with Ancient Greek λῦμα (lûma, “dirt, filth, blemish”) and perhaps English slip (< *(s)lewbʰ-). Alternatively, borrowed from the Ancient Greek.


lende

sq-noun

lende f (plural lende, definite lendja, definite plural lendet)

lende (plural)
lendja (definite)
lendet (definite plural)

Uncertain. The original form was likely lend m and lende arose as a back-formation from its plural. The variant with vl- is almost certainly secondary.
# Akin to other Indo-European terms for “lentil”, such as Latin lēns, lentis, Lithuanian lę̃šis, German Linse, though the ultimate origin is unclear.
# Borrowed from Vulgar Latin glāns, glandis (“acorn”), whence actually gjëndër (“gland”), although the initial l- would be left unexplained.


dele

sq-noun

dele f (plural dele, definite delja, definite plural delet)

dele (plural)
delja (definite)
delet (definite plural)
dele (indefinite nominative singular)
delja (definite nominative singular)
dele (indefinite nominative plural)
delet (definite nominative plural)
dele (accusative indefinite singular)
delen (accusative definite singular)
dele (accusative indefinite plural)
delet (accusative definite plural)
deleje (dative indefinite singular)
deles (dative definite singular)
deleve (dative indefinite plural)
deleve (dative definite plural)
deleje (ablative indefinite singular)
deles (ablative definite singular)
delesh (ablative indefinite plural)
deleve (ablative definite plural)

From Proto-Albanian *dailjā, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-l-. Compare Old English delu (“teat”). More at djalë.
Possibly the source of the Illyrian tribe name Dalmatae.


gomar

gomar m (plural gomarë, definite gomari, definite plural gomarët)

gomarë (plural)
gomari (definite)
gomarët (definite plural)
gomar (indefinite nominative singular)
gomari (definite nominative singular)
gomarë (indefinite nominative plural)
gomarët (definite nominative plural)
gomar (accusative indefinite singular)
gomarin (accusative definite singular)
gomarë (accusative indefinite plural)
gomarët (accusative definite plural)
gomari (dative indefinite singular)
gomarit (dative definite singular)
gomarëve (dative indefinite plural)
gomarëve (dative definite plural)
gomari (ablative indefinite singular)
gomarit (ablative definite singular)
gomarësh (ablative indefinite plural)
gomarëve (ablative definite plural)

the amount of weight a donkey can carry, used as a measurement


cange

indefinite dative/ablative singular of cangë


bambu

From English bamboo, from Dutch bamboe, from Portuguese bambu, from Malay bambu, from Kannada ಬಮ್ಬು (bambu).


krap

krap m (plural krapa, definite krapi, definite plural krapat)

krapa (plural)
krapi (definite)
krapat (definite plural)

From South Slavic; compare Bulgarian крап (krap), Serbo-Croatian krȁp.

(northern Gheg) kind of snapdragon, variety of orchid


krap

From Proto-Albanian *krapa, from Proto-Indo-European *kreh₁p- (“strong”) (compare Welsh craff, Serbo-Croatian krȉjep).


tru

tru m (plural tru, definite truri, definite plural trutë)

tru (plural)
truri (definite)
trutë (definite plural)

From Proto-Albanian *taruna, from Proto-Indo-European *teruno (“tender, soft”). Compare Sanskrit तरुण (táruṇa, “young, fresh”), Ancient Greek τέρην (térēn), Italian tenero.


zot

sq-noun

zot m (plural zotër, definite zoti, definite plural zotërinj)

zotër (plural)
zoti (definite)
zotërinj (definite plural)

*From older zota, from Proto-Albanian *dzwāpt, from *w(i)tspáti, from Proto-Indo-European *wiḱpótis (“clan leader”) (compare Lithuanian viēšpats, Avestan 𐬬𐬍𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (vīspaⁱti)), compound of *weyḱ- (“clan, extended family”) (compare Ancient Greek οἰκία (oikía, “house (clan)”), Avestan 𐬬𐬌𐬚 (viθ, “royal court”)) and *pótis (“master”) (compare Ancient Greek πόσις (pósis, “husband”), Tocharian A pats (“husband”)).
*From an old compound for "Sky father": Proto-Albanian *dźie̅u ̊ + *a(t)t-, from *dyew- (“sky”) + *átta (“father”), compare Sanskrit द्यौष्पितृ (dyáuṣ-pitṛ́), Proto-Italic *djous patēr (whence Latin Iuppiter), Ancient Greek Ζεῦ πάτερ (Zeû páter). The radical zot contains the zero-grade radical of Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws.


zot

zotër (plural)
zoti (definite)
zotërinj (definite plural)
zot (indefinite nominative singular)
zoti (definite nominative singular)
zotë (indefinite nominative plural)
zotët (definite nominative plural)
zot (accusative indefinite singular)
zotin (accusative definite singular)
zotë (accusative indefinite plural)
zotët (accusative definite plural)
zoti (dative indefinite singular)
zotit (dative definite singular)
zotëve (dative indefinite plural)
zotëve (dative definite plural)
zoti (ablative indefinite singular)
zotit (ablative definite singular)
zotësh (ablative indefinite plural)
zotëve (ablative definite plural)

lord, head of a wealthy family with servants


gropë

sq-noun

gropë f (plural gropa, definite gropa, definite plural gropat)

gropa (plural)
gropa (definite)
gropat (definite plural)
gropë (indefinite nominative singular)
gropa (definite nominative singular)
gropa (indefinite nominative plural)
gropat (definite nominative plural)
gropë (accusative indefinite singular)
gropën (accusative definite singular)
gropa (accusative indefinite plural)
gropat (accusative definite plural)
gropeje (dative indefinite singular)
gropës (dative definite singular)
gropave (dative indefinite plural)
gropave (dative definite plural)
gropeje (ablative indefinite singular)
gropës (ablative definite singular)
gropash (ablative indefinite plural)
gropave (ablative definite plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰrebʰ- (“to scratch, dig”). Akin to Romanian groapă. Compare Old Norse grǫf (“pit, pothole, grave”), grǫptr (“graving, grave, burial, funeral”), Old Church Slavonic гробъ (grobŭ, “grave”) and English grave. Alternatively related to southeastern Montenegrin dialectal form (grȍp) of Serbo-Croatian grȍb.


varr

sq-noun

varr m (plural varre, definite varri, definite plural varret)

varre (plural)
varri (definite)
varret (definite plural)
varr (indefinite nominative singular)
varri (definite nominative singular)
varre (indefinite nominative plural)
varret (definite nominative plural)
varr (accusative indefinite singular)
varrin (accusative definite singular)
varre (accusative indefinite plural)
varret (accusative definite plural)
varri (dative indefinite singular)
varrit (dative definite singular)
varreve (dative indefinite plural)
varreve (dative definite plural)
varri (ablative indefinite singular)
varrit (ablative definite singular)
varresh (ablative indefinite plural)
varreve (ablative definite plural)

From Proto-Albanian *ā̆ur(V)n, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁er-, close to Gothic 𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌾𐍉𐌽𐍃 (aurahjōns, “monuments, tombs”), Old English ēar (“grave, earth”).


buli

sq-noun

buli m (plural bulinj, definite bulini, definite plural bulinjtë)

bulinj (plural)
bulini (definite)
bulinjtë (definite plural)

Related to ulpëti and ulzë, from Proto-Albanian *ul-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁élem (“mountain elm”). Compare Latin ulmus, Welsh llwyf and English elm.


lisa

indefinite nominative/accusative plural of lis


buzë

sq-noun

búzë f (plural búzë, definite búza, definite plural búzët)

búzë (canonical feminine)
búzë (plural)
búza (definite)
búzët (definite plural)
buzë (indefinite nominative singular)
buza (definite nominative singular)
buzë (indefinite nominative plural)
buzët (definite nominative plural)
buzë (accusative indefinite singular)
buzën (accusative definite singular)
buzë (accusative indefinite plural)
buzët (accusative definite plural)
buzeje (dative indefinite singular)
buzës (dative definite singular)
buzëve (dative indefinite plural)
buzëve (dative definite plural)
buzeje (ablative indefinite singular)
buzës (ablative definite singular)
buzësh (ablative indefinite plural)
buzëve (ablative definite plural)
buzë (indefinite nominative singular)
buza (definite nominative singular)
buza (indefinite nominative plural)
buzat (definite nominative plural)
buzë (accusative indefinite singular)
buzën (accusative definite singular)
buza (accusative indefinite plural)
buzat (accusative definite plural)
buzeje (dative indefinite singular)
buzës (dative definite singular)
buzave (dative indefinite plural)
buzave (dative definite plural)
buzeje (ablative indefinite singular)
buzës (ablative definite singular)
buzash (ablative indefinite plural)
buzave (ablative definite plural)

Romanian: buză

From archaic and now chiefly dialectal (Arbëresh) budhë + -zë (collective suffix), from Proto-Albanian *budzā, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰmḗn (“bottom”); compare Lithuanian budė̃ (“tree-fungus”), bùdė (“whetstone”), Sanskrit बुध्न (budhna), Ancient Greek πυθμήν (puthmḗn, “bottom”), Latin fundus (“bottom, piece of land, farm”). Lent Romanian buză.


buzë

on, to (onto); by; upon, at (some point) (terminal or associated with a location)